DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT

AUTHORITY, WAYANAD

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Prepared under section 31 (2) and revised under section 31(4) of the Disaster Management

Act2005

Printed and Published By:

The District Disaster Management Authority, Wayanad

Kalpetta

Phone: 04936 204151

Toll-Free: 1077

Email: deocw [email protected]

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Outline

Contents Page No...

List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………….10

List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………….... …12

Abbreviation ……………………………………………………………………………..13

Preface …………………………………………………………………………………..16

Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………. 17

Definition……………………………………………………………………………...... 19

Chapter 1: Introduction …………………………………………………………..........23

1. Aims and Objectives of DDMP

a. Vision

b. Mission

2. Policy

3. Theme

4. Objectives

5. Scope of the Plan

6. Authority for preparing the Plan

7. Organizational Set-up for the plan

8. Plan review and Updating

Chapter 2: Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity and Risk Assessment (HVCRA)……..30

1. District Profile

2. Hazard profile of the district

3. Hazard Vulnerability Capacity Assessment (HVCA)

4. Types of Hazards, Risks, and Vulnerability

5. Risk Analysis

6. Parameter

7. Status of Various Risk Elements for 3 Taluks

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Contents Page No...

8. Hazard Vulnerability assessment of Wayanad

a. Socio-Economic Aspect

i. Education Profile

ii. Disability Profile

iii. House Damage Profile

9. Disaster Management Aspect

a. Physical and Environmental Aspect

10. SWOT Analysis

11. Capacity Analysis

Chapter 3: Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management (DM) ………….48

1. The disaster Management structure at the National Level

2. The disaster Management structure at the State Level including IRS in the state.

3. District Disaster Management Authority – Wayanad

4. Nodal Departments for various hazards

5. Powers & Functions of DDMA

6. Powers and Functions of District Authority

7. Operations Desk

8. Information Desk

9. Logistics Desk

10. Health Desk

11. Service Desk

12. Resource Desk

13. Crisis Management Group to mitigate the disasters in mines

14. IRS In the District

15. EOC set up and Facilities available in the district

16. Alternate DEOC

17. Public-Private Partnership in emergency service

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Contents Page No...

Chapter 4: Prevention and Mitigation Measures…………………………………..…62

1. National and State Level Initiatives

a. IRS (Incident Response System)

b. Inter-Agency Groups (IAG)

c. India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN)

d. District Emergency Operations Centers (DEOC)

2. District/ Community / Individual level

3. Structural Mitigation Measures

4. Non - Structural mitigation measures

5. Special projects proposed for preventing the disaster

Chapter 5: Preparedness Measures …………………………………………………....70

1. Identification of stakeholders involved in disaster response

2. Formation of Teams for

a. Early Warning

b. Search & rescue

c. Damage and Loss Assessment

3. Activation of IRS in the district

4. Operational check-up for EOC

5. Command and coordination

6. Community Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP)

7. Community warning system

8. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

a. Revenue Department

b. Police Department

c. Irrigation Department

d. Health department

e. Agriculture department

f. Animal Husbandry Department

g. Water Authority

h. Public Works Departments

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Contents Page No...

i. KSEB

j. Transport Department

k. Dam/ Reservoir Authority

9. Media management / information dissemination

Chapter 6: Capacity building and training measures…………………………………93

1. Approach

2. Capacity Building Plan

a. Institutional Capacity Building

3. Novel Initiatives by DDMA.

Chapter 7: Response and Relief measures…………………………………………….98

1. Response Planning preparedness and assessment

2. Quick Assessment of damages and needs (Hazard Specific)

a. Flooding

b. Landslide

c. Drought

d. Lightning

3. Need Analysis for Pre and Post Disaster Scenarios

4. Emergency Support Functions Plan

5. Primary and Secondary Agencies

6. Reporting and Information Management

7. Response Matrix

8. Responsibility Matrix

9. Mundakkai Landslide: A success story on effective response and relief measures

Chapter 8: Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery Measures………………….121

1. Reconstruction

a. Emerging environmental issues and risks

2. Reconstruction Measures

a. Suggestions

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Contents Page No...

3. Rehabilitation Measures

4. Emerging environmental issues and risks

5. Promotion of owner Driven approach

6. Recovery Program

a. Short term recovery Program

b. Long term recovery Program

c. Matrix for both short term and long-term recovery program

7. Puthumala Landslide: A success story on reconstruction and rehabilitation measures

Chapter 9: Financial Resources for implementation of DDMP…………………....137

1. Disaster (s) covered under SDRF

2. Local Disaster

3. Tribal DM Plan

Chapter10: Procedure and methodology for monitoring, evaluation……………..139

Updating and maintenance of DDMP

1. Authority for maintaining and reviewing the DDMP

2. Monitoring and evaluation of the DDMP

3. Post-disaster evaluation mechanism for DDMP

4. Schedule for updation of DDMP

5. Mock drills

6. DDMP initiatives that need attention

Chapter 11: Coordination Mechanism for implementation of DDMP…………….143

1. Intra and inter-Department coordination with horizontal linkages

2. Coordination among government & nongovernment Organizations

3. Coordination among the DDMA and the community

4. Coordination between DDMA and Neighboring districts

Chapter 12: Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and checklist……………….147

1. Standard operating procedures & checklists for various departments

a. Standard Operating Procedures for Revenue Department

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Contents Page No...

a. Standard Operating Procedures for the Police

b. Standard Operating Procedures for Irrigation Department

c. Standard Operating Procedures for Health Department

d. Standard Operating Procedures for Agriculture Department

e. Standard Operating Procedures for Animal Husbandry

f. Standard Operating Procedure for Water Authority

g. Standard Operating Procedures for Forest Department

h. Standard Operating Procedures for Public Works Department

i. Standard Operating Procedures for KSEB

j. Standard Operating Procedure for Transport department

Annexure………………………………………………………………………………169

1. Annexure 1: Emergency contact details of departments

2. Annexure 2: Gram-Panchayat and Municipality Emergency Contact List

3. Annexure 3: District Profile

4. Annexure 4: Administrative Subdivisions

5. Annexure 5: Agriculture

6. Annexure 6: Animal Husbandry

7. Annexure 7: DEOC Equipment

8. Annexure 8: Disaster-related Death History of the District (Between 2013-2020)

9. Annexure 9: Fire and Rescue. Details of Vehicles & Other Equipment

10. Annexure 10: Communication BSNL

11. Annexure 11: Akaashavani and Dooradarshn

12. Annexure 12: Relief Camps and shelters

13. Annexure 13: Natural hazard zonation – Wayanad district,

14. Annexure 14: Database of occurrence of lightning in the district

15. Annexure 15: Lightning frequency in the district

16. Annexure 16: Drought Prone Areas

17. Annexure 17: Panchayat wise Vulnerability Assessment of the District

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

18. Annexure 18: DDMA Orders

a. Hazard Prone Areas- Clarification orders

b. Building Restriction 2018

c. Building Restriction 2015

d. High Hazard Zone 2019

e. NDM Guidelines – Incidence Response System

f. NOT Study reports

g. Quarry ban 2016

h. Quarry ban 2017

Map…………………………………………………………………………………………277

1. Administrative subdivisions of Wayanad district

2. Topography of Wayanad

3. Land use map of Wayanad district

4. Major transportation network and administrative headquarters of Wayanad district

5. Flood prone area map of Wayanad district

6. Landslide susceptibility map of Wayanad

7. Earthquake & lightning susceptibility map of Wayanad district

8. Lightning frequency map of Wayanad district

9. Drought prone area map of Wayanad district

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

List of Table Table 1: Members of the DDMA……………………………………………………………28

Table 2: Scope of HVCA……………………………………………………………………33

Table 3: Types of Hazards……………………………………………………………….….34

Table 4: Parameters of Risk Assessment………………………………………………..…..35

Table 5: Status of Various Risk Elements for 3 Taluks……………………………….…….36

Table 6: Education Profile and Graph……………………………………………………….39

Table 7: Disability Profile and Graph……………………………………………………….40

Table 8: Preparedness and Response Profile…………………………………………..……..41

Table 9: Physical and Environmental Parameters…………………………………….……..42

Table 10: SWOT Analysis done on Wayanad disaster status…………………………….…43

Table 11: Capacity Analysis on resources available at Wayanad………………………..….45

Table 12: DDMA Structure…………………………………………………………….……49

Table 13: Different Level Stakeholders and their responses…………………………..…....55

Table 14: The District Level IRS working structure………………………………….…..…58

Table 15: The Taluk level IRS working structure………………………………….……….58

Table16: Resource inventory at DEOC, Wayanad……………………………………….....59

Table 17: Structural mitigation measures…………………………………………..…….…65

Table 18: Non - Structural mitigation measures……………………………….……………67

Table 19: Different stakeholders and their response…………….……………….……..…...70

Table 20: Search and Rescue team in Wayanad…………………………………….….…....73

Table 21: The District Level IRS……………………….…………………………………...76

Table 22: The Taluk Level IRS……………………………………………………….……..77

Table 22: Resource Inventory at DEOC…………………………………………………….78

Table 23: Agencies responsible for disaster warning in community……………………….81

Table 24: Preparedness checklist for Revenue department……………………….…………82

Table 25: Preparedness checklist for Police department…………………………………....83

Table 26: Preparedness checklist for Irrigation department…………………………………84

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Table 27: Preparedness checklist for Health department…………………………………....85

Table 28: Preparedness checklist for Agriculture department……………………………....86

Table 29: Preparedness checklist for Animal Husbandry…………………………………...86

Table 30: Preparedness checklist for Water Authority……………………………………....87

Table 31: Preparedness checklist for Forest Department…………………………..……...…87

Table 32: Preparedness checklist for Public Works Departments………………...….…..…..88

Table 33: Preparedness checklist for KSEB…………………………………………………89

Table 34: Preparedness checklist for Transport Department…………………………….…..90

Table 35: Preparedness checklist for Dam/ Reservoir Authority…………………………....91

Table 36: Flood response plan for the district………………………………………………100

Table 37: Landslide response plan for the district…………………………………………..103

Table 38: Drought response plan for the district…………………………………………….104

Table 39: Lightning response plan for the district…………………………………………..105

Table 40: Activity Calendar…………………………………………………………………106

Table 41: Anticipated needs during pre-flood and post-flood………………………………108

Table 42: Anticipated needs during pre-landslide and post landslide………………………110

Table 43: Need Analysis for Pre and post-earthquake scenarios………………………........111

Table 44: Need analysis for pre and post lightning scenarios……………………………....112

Table 45: Need analysis for pre and post-drought scenarios………………………………..113

Table 46: Response Matrix………………………………………………………………….114

Table 47: Responsibility Matrix…………………………………………………………….115

Table 48: Long term recovery………………………………………………………….……130

Table 49: Matrix for both short term and long-term recovery………………………….…...131

Table 50: Inter and Intra Department Coordination ………………………………………..143

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

List of Figures Figure 1: Incidents in Wayanad during last 5 years…………………………………………..…...38

Figure 2: Flow chart on Incident Command System……………………………..……..…..….….56

Figure 3: Flowchart on emergency intercommunication between stakeholders……………...……56

Figure 4: Structure of crisis management group to mitigate disasters in mine ………………..…..57

Figure 5: Model Disaster Management Response Structure in the Government of India……..…..62

Figure 6: IRS Framework within a district………………………………………………….……...63

Figure 7: Disaster Management Cycle…………………………………………………….……..…65

Figure 8: NDEM Disaster loss database……………………………………………………………74

Figure 9: System of monitoring and updating of DDMP……………………………………….…140

Figure 10: Vertical linkage of DDMA…………………………………………………………..…144

Figure 11: Coordination mechanism with govt & non-govt with horizontal and vertical linkages.145

Figure 12: Vertical coordination linkage among the DDMA and the community…………………145

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Abbreviations B/GPP Block/Gram Panchayat President

CB Capacity Building

DDMA District Disaster Management Authority

DDMP District Disaster Management Plan

DEOC District Emergency Operating Center

DFRO District Fire & Rescue Officer;

DIC District Incident Commander

DM Disaster Management

DPC District Police Chief

DPP District Panchayat President

DRR Disaster Risk Reduction

ERT Emergency Response Team

EWS Early Warning System

F & RS Fire & Rescue Station

GIS Geographic Information System

GP Grama Panchayath

HRV Hazard Risk Vulnerability

IAG Inter-Agency Group

IRS Incident Response System

IMD India Meteorological Department

INCOIS Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

KSDMA Kerala State Disaster Management Authority

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

NDMA National Disaster Management Authority

NDMPo National Disaster Management Policy

NDRF National Disaster Response Force

PRI Panchayath Raj Institution

PS Police Station

SDMA State Disaster Management Authority

SDMCR State Disaster Management Control Room

SDMP State Disaster Management Plan

SDRF State Disaster Response Force

SEOC State Emergency Operation Center

SIC State Incident Commander

SOP Standard Operation Procedure

TEOC Taluk Emergency Operations Center

VO Village Officer

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Preface

The flora and fauna, valleys, hills, and water

bodies of Wayanad are undeniably attractive. The

majority of the population in Wayanad was solely

depending on farming as a livelihood option for

generations until the awakening of tourism as an

industry from the late 90s. The esthetical land has

been slowly explored for tourism purposes and a

lot of farmers and others had the opportunity to

find a livelihood as well. The scenario has been

changed ever since.

The beautiful land is also vulnerable to various

disasters including floods and landslides. The deluge in 2018 and landslide in 2019 were major

disasters in the history of Wayanad. A lot of people were killed and several thousands of people had

been displaced due to the havoc. The District Disaster Management Authority was in a constant

attempt to reduce the impact of Disaster since 2015. The peculiar landscape of Wayanad needed a

specialized approach while developing anything on it. To preserve the land, DDMA had issued

various orders since 2015, including the ban of quarrying in certain places of the district, building

height regulation in the entire Wayanad, specific restrictions on vulnerable locations, etc. All these

efforts were fruitful and needed to a great extent.

The holistic approach of the DDMA Wayanad is incredibly effective in dealing the disasters. The

community-based activities are becoming the stronghold of DDMA Wayanad in reducing the risk of

disaster, and in the rehabilitation process as well.

a) The rain gauge data analysis from the community level was a unique experiment that DDMA

taken up from 2020. As initially, the collected only from 50 locations, and in 2021 it jumped into

140 locations where the general public provided data to the DEOC for assessment and analysis by

DEOC.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

a) The rainfall pattern was dissimilar in Wayanad due to its geographical peculiarities and the

prediction wasn’t easy. This issue has been resolved when the data analysis begun from

various locations.

b) The data analysis and issuance of early warning based on it were capable of filling the gap in

prediction, particularly in hilly areas.

c) in 2020, the rainfall in Mundakai area had been assessed and found that it is extremely high

and started evacuation early. Later the next day a huge landslide occurred and destroyed

several houses but no casualties were reported because of the early evacuation. This is just

made possible because of rain gauge data assessment with the support of the community.

d) We have adopted an owner-driven approach in the rehabilitation of landslide and flood

victims in Wayanad.

e) A housing project, named HARSHAM is exclusively developing for the Puthumala

Landslide victims is in the final stage at Meppadi.

This updated version of DDMP has succeeded to incorporate all the relevant areas pertinent to

Wayanad. The DDMP always plays a key role in Disaster Management in the district and being a

ready reckoner and helps to adopt proactive measures at the district level by all the govt.

departments to prevent disaster and mitigate its effects. The DDMP has defined and assigned

different tasks and responsibilities to stakeholders during the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases of

the disaster. It also incorporates Standard Operating Procedures of various departments.

It is unequivocal that, this document will be effectually useful among all the sectors in the Wayanad

pre and post disasters scenario. I’m confident that, the people and Government sector will take

maximum use of the DDMP 2021 as a reference and guidebook.

Dr Adeela Abdulla I A S

Chairperson DDMA and District Collector, Wayanad

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Executive Summary District Disaster Management plan, 2021, of Wayanad District was prepared following the Disaster

Management Act 2005. The plan was prepared by Wayanad DDMA and later submitted and

approved by the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority. The plan provides structural and

institutional policies and interventions, drafted and practiced for effective disaster management at the

district and local level. Apart from the district policies, the DDMP also explains how disaster

management policies are aligned to the National Disaster Management Authority of India, headed by

Honorable Prime Minister of India, and the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) headed

by Chief Minister of Kerala, by formulating multi-level institutional system abiding by National

Disaster Management guidelines.

The plan has briefed the preparation, prevention, and planning measures to control various disasters

that are occurring in the district and has followed the guidelines given by National Disaster

Management Authority. The report has been divided into 12 chapters, where it explains in detail the

district disaster profile, vulnerability assessment, the institutional arrangements, prevention,

preparedness, mitigation, response, relief, and recovery measures. Finally, the DDMP talks about the

implementation procedures and monitoring and evaluation of the interventions. The plan, in

summary, explains in detail the disaster management plan of the Wayanad district and the measures

taken by the district to combat and reduce the impacts of the prior disaster. DDMP emphasizes the

success stories of Wayanad DDMA, in the field, where the success was based on effective

community-based disaster management, and effective planning and preparedness by the institution.

The first success story emphasizes the preparedness and mitigation measures done by the DDMA,

and the second one highlights the recovery and rehabilitation measures carried out by the DDMA.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

The 2021 DM plan also acknowledges the failures and the limitations of Wayanad DDMA during

the past years. There are several challenges faced by DDMA in terms of preparation, mitigation, and

relief measures. The DDMA is actively taking measures in overcoming these challenges by

introducing new technological advances, internationally accepted models and more scientific

evidence-based policies. DDMA -2020 will be a functional document to be used as a guide for better

planning, coordination and disaster management measures to combat both manmade and natural

disasters. The plan is also a guide to understand how Wayanad DDMA, is slowly incorporating

community into the disaster planning, mitigation and response measures. The community-based

disaster management is the new goal of DDMA and is slowly progressing towards its goals. Over the

years Wayanad Disaster Management Authority has developed immensely in terms of policies,

actions and interventions. Wayanad is prone to various kinds of disasters and is happy that the

DDMA is able to slowly progress in reducing the number of casualties every year by proper

planning and preparedness measures.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DEFINITIONS Affected: People who are affected, either directly or indirectly, by a hazardous event. Directly

affected are those who have suffered injury, illness or other health effects; who were evacuated,

displaced, relocated or have suffered direct damage to their livelihoods, economic, physical, social,

cultural and environmental assets. Indirectly affected are people who have suffered consequences,

other than or in addition to direct effects, over time, due to disruption or changes in economy, critical

infrastructure, basic services, commerce or work, or social, health and psychological consequences.

Critical Infrastructure: The physical structures, facilities, networks and other assets which provide

services that are essential to the social and economic functioning of a community or society.

Disaster: A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to

hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one

or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts.

Disaster Management: The organization, planning and application of measures preparing for,

responding to and recovering from disasters.

Disaster Risk: The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur

to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a

function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.

Disaster Risk Assessment: A qualitative or quantitative approach to determine the nature and extent

of disaster risk by analysing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of exposure and

vulnerability that together could harm people, property, services, livelihoods and the environment on

which they depend.

Disaster Risk Governance: The system of institutions, mechanisms, policy and legal frameworks

and other arrangements to guide, coordinate and oversee disaster risk reduction and related areas of

policy.

Disaster Risk Information: Comprehensive information on all dimensions of disaster risk,

including hazards, exposure, vulnerability and capacity, related to persons, communities,

organizations and countries and their assets.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Disaster Risk Management: Disaster risk management is the application of disaster risk reduction

policies and strategies to prevent new disaster risk, reduce existing disaster risk and manage residual

risk, contributing to the strengthening of resilience and reduction of disaster losses.

Disaster Risk Reduction: Disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing

disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and

therefore to the achievement of sustainable development.

Early warning system: An integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction,

disaster risk assessment, communication and preparedness activities systems and processes that

enables individuals, communities, governments, businesses and others to take timely action to reduce

disaster risks in advance of hazardous events.

Evacuation: Moving people and assets temporarily to safer places before, during or after the

occurrence of a hazardous event in order to protect them.

Exposure: The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other tangible

human assets located in hazard-prone areas.

Hazard: A process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health

impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.

Capacity: The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within an

organization, community or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience.

Contingency planning: A management process that analyses disaster risks and establishes

arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses.

Hazardous Event: The manifestation of a hazard in a particular place during a particular period of

time.

Mitigation: The lessening or minimizing of the adverse impacts of a hazardous event.

Preparedness: The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, response and recovery

organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the

impacts of likely, imminent or current disasters.

Prevention: Activities and measures to avoid existing and new disaster risks.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Reconstruction: The medium- and long-term rebuilding and sustainable restoration of resilient

critical infrastructures, services, housing, facilities and livelihoods required for the full functioning

of a community or a society affected by a disaster, aligning with the principles of sustainable

development and “build back better”, to avoid or reduce future disaster risk.

Recovery: The restoring or improving of livelihoods and health, as well as economic, physical,

social, cultural and environmental assets, systems and activities, of a disaster-affected community or

society, aligning with the principles of sustainable development and “build back better”, to avoid or

reduce future disaster risk.

Rehabilitation: The restoration of basic services and facilities for the functioning of a community or

a society affected by a disaster.

Resilience: The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb,

accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient

manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and

functions through risk management.

Response: Actions are taken directly before, during, or immediately after a disaster to save lives,

reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people

affected.

Structural and non-structural measures: Structural measures are any physical construction to

reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards, or the application of engineering techniques or

technology to achieve hazard resistance and resilience in structures or systems. Non-structural

measures are measures not involving physical construction which use knowledge, practice, or

agreement to reduce disaster risks and impacts, in particular through policies and laws, public

awareness-raising, training, and education.

Vulnerability: The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors

or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets, or systems to

the impacts of hazards.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The District Disaster Management Plan of Wayanad district was prepared following the Disaster

Management Act 2005. The District Disaster Management Plan was approved by the DDMA during

its meeting held on 21.2.2015 and submitted to the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority.

The District Disaster Management Plan was approved by the Government vide G.O.(Rt)

3104/2016/DMD dated 30.07.2016. Section 32(4) of the Disaster Management Act provides for

revision of the plan annually. So the District Disaster Management Authority, during its meeting

held on 06.09.2016 resolved to revise the existing District Disaster Management Plan. All Local

Authorities in the Wayanad district, including District Panchayat, Block Panchayat, Municipalities,

and Gram Panchayat were requested to peruse the existing Plan and make available their

suggestions/ proposals for revision of the same. A meeting of all these Local Authorities along with

the DDMA was convened on 5.10.2016 to detail the process of revision to all Local Authorities and

to consult them in the process of revision of the District Disaster Management Plan.

This revised District Disaster Management Plan is prepared following the Disaster Management Act

2005, National Disaster Management Policy 2009, State Disaster Management Policy 2010, the

National Disaster Management Plan 2016, and the Kerala State Disaster Management Plan 2016.

The District Disaster Management Plan, duly revised under section 31(4) of the Disaster

Management Act was presented before the DDMA during its meeting held on 3rd September 2021.

The DDMA resolved to approve this District Disaster Management Plan under sections 31 (2) and

31 (4) of the Disaster Management Act. (District Profile: Annexure 1, Administrative subdivision:

Annexure 2)

1. Aims and Objectives of the DDMP

a. Vision

The main vision behind the DDMP- 2021 is to work towards a safer district. The DDMP is

developed affirming the Sendai Framework (2015-2030), the Disaster Management Act 2005, the

National Disaster Management Policy, 2009 (NDMP, 2009), the Kerala State Disaster Management

Rules, 2007, Kerala State Disaster Management Policy, 2010, the Kerala State Disaster Management

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Plan, 2016 and the National Disaster Management Plan, 2016 (NDMP, 2016). The DDMP

recognizes that disasters undermine the capacity of the district for sustainable development and that

an effective disaster risk reduction approach requires political, administrative, and financial

commitment towards sustainable human development and effective management of the environment.

DDMP was developed in the understanding that disaster resilience requires coordinated, committed,

and inclusive action of departments, institutions, local self-governments, and civilians to develop

effective strategies for preventing hazard events from turning into disasters and to respond

effectively to all disasters. It emphasizes building societal capacities for disaster risk reduction by

promoting and advocating a policy of sustainable development and by creating institutional

awareness and enhancing the preparedness measures. Kerala State Disaster Management Plan was

developed using the knowledge base of the hazards and effective preparedness to deal with the

physical, psycho-social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities to disasters that civic society

encounters. It also ensures a safer community that implements a pragmatic and holistic response

mechanism to manage an event of a disaster and consistently advances in all aspects of disaster risk

reduction.

1. b. Mission

The mission behind the DDMP is to develop and establish structurally and functionally competent

administrative units supported with the directive or restrictive orders and guidelines at District and

taluk levels, cognizant and adept in disaster management activities, which is prepared to minimize

the devastating effects of a disaster, whether natural or human-induced and capable of appropriate

timely deliverance of services upon an emergency.

2. Policy

Following Section 18 (2) (a), the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) prepared

the Kerala State Disaster Management Policy and published vide GO (MS) No. 240/2010/DMD

dated 19-06-2010.

3. Theme

As per section 31 (3) (a) to (e), The District Plan shall include

● The areas in the district vulnerable to different forms of disasters

● The measures to be taken, for prevention and mitigation of disaster, by the Departments of

the Government at the district level and local authorities in the district;

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

● The capacity-building and preparedness measures are required to be taken by the

Departments of the Government at the district level and the local authorities in the district to

respond to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.

● The response plans and procedures, in the event of a disaster

● Any other interventions may be required by the State Authority

The above-mentioned statutory requirements are met by incorporating the requisite data or

directives in this Plan.

4. Objectives

According to Sendai Framework (2015-2030), priorities of action are:

● Understanding disaster risk

● Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk

● Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience

● Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in

recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction

In line with these priorities, the objectives of the District Disaster Management Plan of Wayanad

district are-

● To identify hazards that the district is vulnerable to

● To lay down guidelines or orders at the district level for disaster risk reduction for

departments at District Level and Local Authorities to follow

● To enhance the disaster resilience of the district by way of capacity building at the local self-

government level

● To proactively utilize print, audio, visual and social media for disaster risk reduction

● To constantly highlight the importance of disaster risk reduction perspective in the future

development activities of the district

● To strengthen the District Emergency Operations Center (DEOC), Wayanad to function

effectively as the backbone of disaster risk reduction programs in the district

● To institutionalize disaster management in the Wayanad district

● To accomplish the best disaster management mechanism at the district and taluk level to

handle any unprecedented events.

● To prevent and minimize loss of life, property, and infrastructure in the district

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

● To document, analyze and evaluate earlier disasters and identify the vulnerable locations in

the district based on the database of hazards.

● To provide clarity on the roles and responsibilities of all the stakeholders and capacitate them

for effective disaster preparedness and emergency response.

● To set up hazard early warning systems and monitoring systems

● To periodically improve and ensure the upkeep of multiple communication systems ensuring

critical redundancy

● To strengthen community-based Disaster Risk Reduction initiatives at the local self-

government level

● To encourage and empower the local community to adopt measures of disaster risk reduction

and disaster resilience by way of capacity building.

● To implement mitigation activities

● To mainstream disaster management concerns to the developmental planning process through

the endorsement of appropriate strategies and responses to deal with impending disasters.

● To coordinate the activities of all governmental and nongovernmental agencies, local

authorities as well as the general public and bring about quick decision making on relief,

recovery, reconstruction, and rehabilitation in the aftermath of a disaster.

● To envisage a culture of disaster preparedness in the district.

● To coordinate and implement long term disaster rehabilitation activities

● To ascertain the status of existing resources and facilities available in the district to make

them available on requisition

District Disaster Management Plan, Wayanad is the guide for achieving all of the above-stated

objectives

5. Scope of the Plan

This Plan applies to the jurisdictional limits of Wayanad district, as per section 2 (g) of the Disaster

Management Act 2005.

This plan will apply to disaster, threatening disaster situations, or disastrous events that may affect a

community irrespective of gender, disability, age, religion, caste, race, or ethnicity. The District

Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), Wayanad; the Chairman, DDMA, Wayanad and the

Chief Executive Officer, DDMA, Wayanad have issued several orders under the provisions of

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Disaster Management Act 2005 for preventing disasters. This District Disaster Management Plan,

accepts and acknowledges the operation of such orders.

This District Disaster Management Plan will enable the DDMA to proactively take necessary action

and pass such orders to prevent disasters. Disaster Risk Reduction, Prevention of Disaster, activities

for strengthening the capacity of the community to better manage disasters, facilitation of disaster

management activities, etc are enabled by way of this Plan.

The plan provides a necessary framework for the District administration to facilitate, coordinate and

monitor disaster management tasks by mobilizing the resources and taking the expertise of relevant

Governmental departments at the central and state level, local self-governments, private sector, non-

governmental organizations, and community in every phase of disaster management.

This plan is consistently operational at all levels of management within the geographical and

jurisdictional limits of the district administration. This plan is instigated for the prevention of

hazards, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery from disasters listed in section 7 of State

Disaster Management Policy 2010 and other events recognized as hazards or disasters by the State

Executive Committee or the State Disaster Management Authority or the District Disaster

Management Authority from time to time.

6. Authority for Preparing the Plan

As per section 31 (1) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 there shall be a plan for Disaster

Management in every district. This plan is the one which is prepared in Wayanad district as per

section 31 (1) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005.

The following documents form an integral part of the authority and legal framework of this plan.

1. National Disaster Management Policy (NDMPo, 2009)

2. Kerala State Disaster Management Rules, 2007 (and amendments 2013 and 2015) (KSDMR,

2007)

3. Kerala State Disaster Management Policy, 2010 (KSDMPo, 2010)

4. Kerala State Disaster Management Plan, 2016

5. District Disaster Management Plan, Wayanad district

This plan also relies upon the report of the Expert Committee constituted by the Government of

Kerala during the year 2009 vide GO (RT) 2374/2009/DMD dated 17.7.2009 after the Landslides

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

occurred during Monsoon 2009. Section 30 (2) (i) empowers the District Disaster Management

Authority to prepare a District Plan. The District Disaster Management Plan of Wayanad district was

prepared following the Disaster Management Act 2005. The District Disaster Management Plan was

approved by the DDMA during its meeting held on 21.2.2015 and submitted to the Kerala State

Disaster Management Authority. The District Disaster Management Plan was approved by the

Government vide G.O.(Rt) 3104/2016/DMD dated 30.07.2016. Section 32(4) of the Disaster

Management Act provides for revision of the plan annually. So, the District Disaster Management

Authority, during its meeting held on 06.09.2016 resolved to revise the existing District Disaster

Management Plan. All Local Authorities in the Wayanad district, including District Panchayat,

Block Panchayats, Municipalities, and Gram Panchayats were requested to peruse the existing Plan

and make available their suggestions/ proposals for revision of the same. A meeting of all these

Local Authorities along with the DDMA was convened on 5.10.2016 to detail the process of revision

to all Local Authorities and to consult them in the process of revision of the District Disaster

Management Plan.

This revised District Disaster Management Plan is prepared following the Disaster Management Act

2005, National Disaster Management Policy 2009, State Disaster Management Policy 2010, the

National Disaster Management Plan 2016, and the Kerala State Disaster Management Plan 2016.

The District Disaster Management Plan, duly revised under section 31(4) of the Disaster

Management Act was presented before the DDMA. The DDMA resolved to approve this District

Disaster Management Plan under sections 31 (2) and 31 (4) of the Disaster Management Act 2005.

8. Organizational Set up for the Plan

The District Disaster Management Authority, Wayanad was constituted vide GO (P) 303/2008/DMD

dated 9.9.2008. The structure of the DDMA is as given below.

1 District Collector, Wayanad Chairperson, Ex-officio

2 President, District Panchayat,

Wayanad

Co-chairperson, Ex-officio

3 The Additional District Magistrate,

Wayanad

Member, Ex-officio

4 The District Police Chief Member, Ex-officio

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

5 The District Medical Officer of Health Member, Ex-officio

6 The Assistant Divisional Officer, Fire

& Rescue Service

Member, Ex-officio

7 The Principal Agricultural Officer Member, Ex-officio

Table 1: Members of the DDMA

The Additional District Magistrate is the Chief Executive Officer of the DDMA. DDMA, Wayanad

is the authority competent and responsible for the preparation and revision of the District Disaster

Management Plan.

9. Plan review and Updating

The DDMA is empowered to review the Plan as per the Disaster Management Act. The periodicity

and process of review shall be fixed by the DDMA. The Plan shall be reviewed after the occurrence

of any of the declared disasters in the district or any of the neighboring districts. Modifications shall

be made to this plan, by way of such review, if it is found necessary. If no such event which

necessitates a revision occurs, then this plan may be reviewed at least once a year, preferably.

However, non-revision will not make this plan obsolete or inoperable, ie, this plan will be applicable

and in operation until it is duly revised

District Profile is given in Annexure 3

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 2

Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity and Risk

Assessment (HVCRA)

District Profile

Geography: Wayanad is a landlocked district of Kerala. It is a part of the Western Ghats. The state

of Karnataka and the Kannur District is there to its North. The States of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka

lies on its East boundary. The south boundary is shared by Kozhikode and Malappuram districts and

Tamilnadu state. Kozhikode and Kannur districts share their Western boundary. Details of basic

geography, demography and administrative divisions, land utilization pattern, and education profile

of the district are given in annexure 3.

District Highlights

• Wayanad District was formed on the 1st November 1980 as the 12thDistrict of Kerala.

• Wayanad ranks 12th in the state in area (2130 sq km) among the districts and 40% of its area

is covered under forest.

• Wayanad is the least populated District with a population of 817420 and it ranks first in the

Scheduled Tribe population (18.5 percent of its population) among the districts of Kerala.

• In total population density, it is the-lowest district with 384 persons per sq. Km and lowest in

the urban density (775) in the state.

• The district holds the 2nd rank in the Total, Male, Female Work Participation Rate (41.6%,

56.92%, 26.8% respectively) in the state.

• The district holds 1st place in Urban Work Participation Rate (38.13%) in the state.

• Wayanad hold should 1st position in the state in the percentage of Agriculture Labors to

Total Workers (29.88%) and 2nd in the percentage of Cultivators to Total Workers (15.51%).

• Literacy rate of the district is 89.03%, least in the state.

• Wayanad ranks 12th in the state in Sex Ratio (1035) and 7th in Child Sex-Ratio (965).

• The district has no Airport, Railway Line and Sea Coast.

• The main river in the district is Kabani, one of the east flowing rivers of Kerala. Kabini river

if the major tributary of Kaveri River

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

• The district shares boundary with two states, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The Nilgiris of

Tamilnadu , Mysuru, Chamarajnagar and Kodagu of Karnataka State.

Hazard profile of the district

Wayanad district is situated at the southern tip of the Deccan Plateau. This district is a part of the

Western Ghats. Wayanad is a district, prone to various kinds of disasters. This district is classified

under Zone III, ie, Moderate Risk Damage Zone concerning EarthQuakes. Plateau topography

dominates the district. Considered to be the southern end of the Deccan Plateau, this region is

dominated by ridges of Western Ghats. There are ridges and valleys all over the district. Many peaks

and hillocks are there. Landslide susceptibility map of Wayanad district was included in the District

Disaster Management Plan 2014 and the same is included in this revised plan also. The hill ranges

bordering Wayanad with Malappuram and Kozhikode districts are also landslide prone areas. Special

care is to be taken while implementing projects involving land manipulation or disturbance in all

these areas in particular and the whole of the district in general.

Landslides have created problems in Wayanad many times in the past. The Wayanad- Kozhikode

border has been identified by CESS as one of the most landslide prone areas in the state. The

Mundakkai, Kappikkalam and Valamthode landslide/debris flows are notable ones. The Mundakkai

debris flow occurred in 1984 and it claimed 14 lives apart from the loss of prime agricultural land.

The Kappikkalam Landslide near Padinjarethara occurred in 1992 and claimed 11 lives. Another

catastrophic Landslide occurred on 23.6.2007 at Valamthode, which claimed 4 lives. Apart from

this, many other Landslides of similar nature and varying magnitude occurred in Wayanad in the

past. One such landslide occurred at the Ambalavayal-Kumbaleri road, near the Arattupara and

Phantom Rock. The landslides at Puthumala and Mundakai in consecutive years left many homeless.

The massive debris made the land unusable for farming in future.

Floods have also frequented this district many times. Minor flooding has been disrupting the normal

course of life, during Monsoon. Special care needs to be exercised in managing these floods.

Several Tribal Colonies need to be relocated to safer locations to avoid mishaps during the monsoon.

A detailed field study has been completed by a team of Geological Survey of India, and experts from

the district to find out the geographical peculiarities of the areas where relocation is required as a

mitigation effort. There are a few hundred families in the process of relocation from the vulnerable

areas based on the report of the expert team. The concerned Tahsildars are entrusted to take care of

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

the activities, such as identification of suitable land for the families, assistance support from SDRF

for those who are in the list etc.

Drought is another serious disaster which has affected the district during the past many times.

During the year 2016-17, the recorded rainfall was very minimal, which poses an alarming situation,

potentially enough to cause a catastrophic drought. Adequate care shall be given to meet the urgent

situation as also to implement long term projects, to prevent drought and to mitigate its ill effects.

Another serious disaster that affected the district in the recent past was the Kyasanur Forest Disease

(KFD) also known as the Monkey Fever. This disease claimed 11 lives during the year 2014-15.

With careful preventive steps and meticulous intervention, the disease was brought under control

during the year 2015-16 and the death toll was zero. However, particular care needs to be exercised

in future also for preventing the disease through proper proactive preventive measures. Poothadi,

Noolpuzha, Pulpally, Mullankolly grama panchayats and SulthanBathery Municipality were the

worst hit areas by KFD. In these areas, if any monkey carcass is found outside forest area, then it

shall be burned at the spot itself after duly sanitizing the area around it up to a radial distance of 50

meters with Malathion Dust. If it is found inside forest, then proper sanitization shall be done to

prevent spreading of the disease. Everyone, who is engaged in work of any description inside forest,

shall be provided with KFD vaccination for protection. Those who are living inside forest and forest

fringe areas shall also be given with vaccination. District Medical Officer (Health) shall procure

enough Vaccine, Malathion dust etc in consultation with concerned LSGIs, for the purpose. Proper

treatment for the affected patients shall also be ensured. Those domestic animals which graze in the

forest shall be applied with preventive lotions to keep the KFD spreading ticks away. District

Animal Husbandry Officer shall procure enough quantity of lotion, in consultation with concerned

LSGISs. The Forest Department shall undertake controlled burning in KFD reported areas to destroy

tick population.

The Covid-19 outbreak shook the globe including Wayanad District. The lack of tertiary care

medical facilities is the concern for the District Administration while dealing the pandemic.

Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses, ranging from 60 nm to 140 nm in diameter with a crown-

like appearance, found in mammals particularly in humans and birds. Coronaviruses are known to

have mutated and recombined behavior causing respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases.

Coronavirus has a total of seven strains which include HKU1, NL63, 229E and OC43, SARS-CoV,

MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-19 (COVID-19 being the latest), out of which first four had a mild

impact on infested human with mild respiratory disease, whereas the other three caused a fatal

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

impact on humankind. Previously in 2002–03, more than 8000 people suffered and 774 died due to

SARS. In 2012, attributable to MERS-CoV, 2494 persons were infected and over 858 people lost

their lives worldwide and currently COVID-19 triggered 5,56,335 deaths infecting 216 countries

worldwide (as of 11th July 2020). The genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is different since it was

first reported because of their mutation and recombination property.” (Source: Ghosh, 2020). The

proactive initiatives of DDMA helped the death toll in control including among the vulnerable tribal

population. As on 11.06.2021, 60431 people had been identified as Covid affected and 186 deaths

were reported. (Disaster-related death history of the district: Annexure 3)

Hazard Vulnerability Capacity Assessment (HVCA)

HVCAs are used to assist local governments and communities to identify risk in their local contexts

before undertaking Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) planning.

Scope of HVCA

Activity Who will use it? For What Purpose

Community-based

HVCAs specifically

designed to inform

Action Planning

DDMA District/Local/ municipal

government

▪Local civil society or community groups

▪NGOs and development agencies

To prepare a DRR action plan ▪To prepare a community/local

development plan ▪To identify activities implemented by INGOs

Situation

diagnosis/urban/rural risk

assessment or context

analysis

DDMA

NGOs and development agencies

Develop/design new DRR/CCA

or integrate DRR/CCA/resilience

elements into existing programs

or portfolios

▪Develop specific program strategies, Vulnerable community

strategy, a resilience strategy or

both

Table 2: Scope of HVCA

The Hazard Vulnerability Risk Assessment is focused on assessing the economic and social

vulnerability of the target population and their resources from potential hazards to inform disaster

risk assessment and communication teams. This Hazard Vulnerability Risk Assessment is done in

the district of Wayanad, Kerala based on both human and non-human elements at risk, their

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

vulnerabilities to identify common hazards and how these vulnerabilities may negatively impact on

the risk communication, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and mitigation plans. It focuses on

education profile, disability and household data among the three taluk in the district namely

Mananthavady, Sulthan Bathery and Vythiri.

Types of Hazards, Risks and Vulnerability

S.N

o.

Hazard Risk Hazards Who/ What is at risk Vulnerability

1 High Risk Hazards

1.Flood

2.Landslide

3.Covid 19

Human Life,

House and property,

Community Infrastructure,

Agriculture land

High

2 Low Risk Hazards

1.KFD

2.Drawning

3.Lightening

Human Life, Community

infrastructure Low

3 Moderate Risk

Hazards

1. Draught

Transport, Houses,

Constructions, Drinking Water

,Equipment’s, Educational

Institutions , Vulnerable Groups

Moderate

Table 3: Types of Hazards

Risk Analysis

Examination of disaster risk is a comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach, which depends on

the development related indicators. In this approach it has been argued that the scale of risk in any

particular region will largely depend upon its physical setup, socio-economic setup, housing

conditions with preparedness and response aspect. These aspects are further bifurcated in various

relevant criteria to evaluate the overall impact of the particular aspect on the district.

Parameters for Risk Assessment

(The maximum point is 5, the worst situation in relation to various MOV’s are denoted by higher

points and least points indicating the better situation.)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Levels Elements Criteria Means of verifications

Wayanad

Bathery Vythiri Mananthavady

District

Level

Topography Terrain Slope, Grain of the

Ground, terrain features 2 4 3

Geology

Rocks Types of rocks 2 4 3

Soils Types of Soil 2 4 4

Hydro

geology

Depth of

groundwater

Availability of

groundwater 3 2 3

Flood plain

areas

Low lying

areas,

households

near to

streams and

rivers

Number of

streams,flood inundation

area

2 3 4

Social and

economic

indicators

Population

density Population density 2 4 1

Literacy rate Literacy rate 3 2 3

Disability Disability rate of Taluk 3 2 3

House

damage

(last 5 years)

2 4 2

District

Level

Disaster

Managemen

t Aspects

Community

preparedness

Community awareness,

Capability

&Preparedness

1 1 1

Is there a detailed

Response Plan available

in written format for the

district ?

1

Does the plan include

inputs from a

Multidisciplinary group?

1

Has the plan been

Revised and updated

timely?

1

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Are responsibilities

involves various

agencies

and ensures inter linking

at all administrative

levels ?

1

Emergency

Medical

Capability

Are there more than 100

available hospitals beds

per

100,000 people

1

Are hospitals and other

emergency care centers

Well distributed

throughout the Taluk ?

1 1 1

Are hospitals staffs

trained in emergency

procedures ?

2 2 2

Is there an ambulance

system with at least 5

ambulances per 100,000

People?

4 4 4

Do hospitals have

Disaster management

plans ?

1 1 1

Do all the areas in the

region are well

connected to the tele-

Communication system?

3 3 3

Table 4: Parameters of Risk Assessment

Status of Various Risk Elements for 3 Taluks (Refer annexure: 4,5,6,7)

Aspects Measuring Scale S.Bathery Vythiri Mananthavady

Physical Aspects

Terrain 5 2 4 3

Rocks 5 2 4 3

Soils 5 2 4 4

Depth of groundwater 5 3 2 3

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Socio-Economic Aspects

Literacy rate 5 3 2 3

Disability 5 3 2 3

House damage 5 2 4 2

Disaster Management Aspects

Preparedness 5 2 2 2

Emergency medical capacity 5 3 3 3

Table 5: Status of Various Risk Elements for 3 Taluks

Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis

Hazard: It is defined as “Phenomena that pose a threat to people, structures or economic assets and

which may cause a disaster. The Disaster could be either man-made or naturally occurring”.

Vulnerability: It is defined as “the extent to which a community, structure, service or geographical

area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account of their

nature, construction and proximity to a hazardous terrain or disaster-prone area

Disaster: It is the product of a hazard coinciding with a vulnerable situation, which might include

communities, cities or villages.

Risk: It is defined as the probability or threat of quantifiable damage, injury, liability, loss, or any

other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be

avoided through pre-emptive action

Capacity: It refers to all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community,

organization or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Incidents in Wayanad during last 5 years

Figure 1: Incidents during last 5 years

Vulnerability Analysis

Four broad aspects namely physical, socio-economic, housing and response are being studied

according to their MOVs. Each MOVs adds to the vulnerability levels and the present assessment

provides the breakup of how the mix of factors contributes towards the district's vulnerability.

A. Socio-Economic Aspect

The district is highly vulnerable from the social point of view. The Literacy rate is moderate. The

population density is moderate. There are 3300 tribal colonies in the district. Illiteracy increases their

vulnerability to multiple disasters.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

1. Education Profile:

Taluk Name Total Population No of illiterates No of Literates below

primary

Mananthavady 257190 41616 20648

SulthanBathery 299138 48106 25422

Vythiri 222652 37209 16814

Table 6: Education Profile and Graph

Wayanad has around 16% of its total population who are illiterate ( Mananthavady (16%), Vythiri

(16%), Sulthan Bathery (16.7)), and 8% literates below Primary level of education. Very low literacy

level reflects lack of skills, fewer diversification and difficulty in decoding the emergency disaster

risk related communications/ alert messages etc. This factor heightens the vulnerability and pushes

the need for special care and one-on-one communication personnel in these areas. It is important to

build inclusive disaster communication in identified areas and develop any semantics or a framework

to understand the emergency and awareness message for linguistically challenged.

2. Disability Profile

Taluk

Name

Total

Populati

on

Blindnes

s/Low

Vision

Hearing Speech Locomot

or

Mental

Retardat

ion/illne

ss

Other

Disabilit

ies

Multiple

Disabilit

y

Mananth 257190 782 427 220 1070 780 508 535

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

avady

Sulthan

Bathery

299138 604 350 161 1256 799 403 620

Vythiri 222652 502 258 258 905 610 406 370

Table 7: Disability Profile and Graph

People with disabilities are mostly overlooked during disaster risk reduction programs. From the

three taluks in the district there are, total of blind (0.24%), deaf (0.13%), speech disorder or mute

(0.082%), locomotor (0.41%), Mental Retardation/illness (0.28%) , Multiple Disability (0.195) and

Other Disability (0.17 %) of the total population.

Regardless of the disability, all the disable groups are highly vulnerable when it comes to emergency

risk reduction activities. Vulnerability of disable communities when the disaster hits is not only due

to their disability factor, but also because of their likeness to experience adverse socio-economic

outcomes such as unemployment, higher poverty rates compared to the persons without disability.

Since this particular community is adversely affected in the time of disaster; properly planned

disaster response and recovery efforts can diminish the disparity, and help the struggling community

cope better during and after the disaster.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

3. House Damage Profile

Taluk Name Fully Damaged Partial Damage

2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020

Mananthavady 287 158 33 3091 2584 399

Sulthan Bathery 93 80 0 864 1566 63

Vythiri 556 274 44 2983 6756 707

B. Disaster Management Aspect:

DM

Plan

District Disaster

Management

Plan

Grama Panchayat

Disaster

Management Plan

School Disaster

Management Plan

Tribal Colony DM

plan

1 26 294 100

Status Renewed for the

year 2020-21

Completed Completed Completed in most

vulnerable tribal

colonies in the

district

Table 8: Preparedness and Response Profile

Preparedness and response measures build capacity of local authority in taking appropriate decisions

in case of emergency. All LSGI’s of the district have an exclusive DM plan in function. In addition

to DM plans in 294 schools and 100 tribal colonies. The ward level RRT’s (Rapid response team)

are formed in all wards of the district and they are trained for all kinds of disaster risk reduction

activities and emergency response including warnings, Camp management, CPR, Search and rescue,

communication, transportation, evacuation, relief and rehabilitation etc.

The local administration’s effort in creating public awareness is taking place at large scale. The

physical, social, economic, housing and response factors vary significantly across the district.

Capacities to manage disasters are another concern area. Although there are adequate beds to

manage minor disasters, the medical capability to manage large scale disasters is suspected.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Physical and Environmental Aspect

Levels Elements Criteria Means of

verifications

Intensity of hazard

Bathery Vythiri Mananthavady

District

Level

Topography Terrain Slope, Grain of the

Ground, terrain

features

2

Light

4

High

3

Moderate

Geology

Rocks Types of rocks 2

Light

4

High

3

Moderate

Soils Types of Soil 2

Light

4

High

4

High

Hydro

geology

Depth of

groundwater

Availability of

groundwater

3

Moderate

2

Light

3

Moderate

Flood plain

areas

Low lying

areas,

households

near to streams

and rivers

Number of streams,

flood inundation

area

2

Light

3

Light

4

Light

Table 9: Physical and Environmental Parameters

Terrain, rocks and depth of groundwater contribute significantly towards disaster vulnerability.

Wayanad District is largely elevated areas in the form of ridges and valleys. The district has a

liquefaction Zone due to the presence of silt soil. The entire district falls under Seismic Zone III

The district is highly vulnerable to various hazards because of the geographical features of the

district. Wayanad is vulnerable to drought, landslide, landslip, flood, lightening, forest fire and man-

animal conflict. The levels of impact of various hazards vary from one taluk to another. Out of three

taluks Vythiri is geographically most vulnerable.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

SWOT Analysis

Parameters Taluk Means of

verification

Strengt

h

Weaknes

s

Opportunities Threat

s

Physical S.Bathery Soil √

Terrain √

Geology √

Water depth √

Mananthavady Soil √

Terrain √

Geology √

Water depth √

Vythiri Soil √ √

Terrain √ √

Geology √ √

Water depth √

Socio-

Economic

S.Bathery

Literacy √

Disability √

House Damage √

Road Damage √

Mananthavady Literacy √

Disability √

House Damage √

Road Damage √

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Vythiri Literacy √

Disability √

House Damage √ √

Road Damage √

Preparedness

and Response

(District

Level)

Public

awareness

about

basic disasters

in local

area

√

Local level

Disaster

management

planning

√

Vulnerability

and

resource

mapping

√

Local people

trained in

Disaster

management

√

Local People

active in

disaster

management

initiatives

√

Identification

of

Disasters by

local people

√ √

Disaster

Management

Plan

√ √

Communicatio

n

√ √

Transportation √

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Response √ √

Firefighting

capabilities

√ √

Medical

Facilities

√

Search &

rescue

Capabilities

√

Table 10: SWOT Analysis done on Wayanad disaster status

Capacity building of the community and the Disaster Management are ongoing processes and are in

place in the district. Required resources and Disaster Response Mechanisms in the form of IRS

(Incident Response System) are existing. There is a requirement to make use of the strengths and

convert the threats, weaknesses and opportunities into strengths. The district has a good preparedness

system due to the enhanced DRR initiatives by DDMA with the support of LSGI, RRT team and

IAG in the district. District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC) is conducting necessary capacity

building training in relation with disaster preparedness regularly. District Emergency Operation

Centre coordinating all the district level DRR activities and monitoring the activities of TEOC(Taluk

Emergency Operation Centre ) and LSGI Control room.

Capacity Analysis

Resource

Details

DEOC

24 X 7 Control Room

2 Mobile phones

2 land phones and hot line

Satellite phone

Emergency equipment’s

HR- Coordinator, Hazard Analyst and officers from Revenue, Police and fire &

rescue department will be available on 24 x 7 basis

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

04936-204151

Toll free -1077

8078409770

9526804151

[email protected]

Nearest SDRF

Unit

Malappuram

Nearest IMD

Regional office

IMD Trivandrum, 04712322894,2322184

Nearest Navy

headquarters

Naval base, Kochi, 04985224148

Nearest Army

Camp

Kannur, 04972731086

Nearest Airforce

headquarters

Thiruvananthapuram,04712551261

Communication Radio Station – 1 Radio Mattoli

HAM Radio- 5, Details attached in annexure

Public

Distribution

Shops

354 – Details attached in annexure

Relief Camps 392 camps are arranged- Details attached in annexure

Health System Medical College- 1

Hospitals (Including private)

Primary Health centers – 39 – Details attached in annexure

IAG Active members -50, and IAG Control room in function

Resource

Inventory

Attached in Annexure

DM Plans 1. DDMP

2. School DM Plan

3. Tribal Colony DM Plan

4. GP DM plan

5. Hospital DM Plan

6. Tourism Destination DM plan

mailto:[email protected]

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Capacity

Building

DRR &Monsoon preparedness Training to

1. Tribal Colony ERT Members

2. Ward level RRT members

3. Teachers

4. Health Workers

5. Students

6. IAG Volunteers

7. Nodal officers from all line departments

Digital Platform An exclusive Mobile Application for DRR activities and Emergency response

Early Warning

System

Micro data analysis- Obtaining data from 54 Rain gauges at 26 LSGI

Special DRR

Initiatives

1. Student Doctor Program

2. School DM Club

3. Ward level RRT Special team

4. IAG Control room & Rescue team

5. Monsoon preparedness campaign at LSGI and Ward level

6. Mapathon- Disaster Mapping program

Emergency

Control Rooms

1. Taluk Emeregency Operation Centre is functioning in Mananthavady, Sulthan

bathery and Vythiri Taluk offices

2.LSGI Control rooms will be in function

during the time of emergency

Table 11: Capacity Analysis on resources available at Wayanad (Annexure :

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 3

Institutional Arrangements for Disaster

Management (DM)

The disaster Management structure at the National Level

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister of India, is

the apex body for Disaster Management in India. Setting up of NDMA and the creation of an

enabling environment for institutional mechanisms at the State and District levels is mandated by the

Disaster Management Act, 2005.

The disaster Management structure at the State Level including IRS in the state.

State Disaster Management Authorities are statutory bodies constituted under the Disaster

Management Act, 2005 (Central Act 53 of 2005). Kerala State Disaster Management Authority is a

statutory non-autonomous body under the Chairmanship of the Chief Minister of Kerala.

The first KSDMA was constituted vide S.R.O No. 395/2007 dated 4th May 2007. Present

composition of KSDMA is notified vide S.R.O No. 583/2013 dated 17th July 2013. Vide Section 3

of the Kerala State Disaster Management Rules (KSDMR), 2007 the authority is composed of ten

(10) members, chaired by Chief Minister and convened by Additional Chief Secretary, Revenue and

Disaster Management. The Chief Secretary (inter alia Chairperson of the State Executive

Committee) is the Chief Executive Officer of KSDMA vide Section 14 (4) of the DM Act, 2005.

The KSDMA has three technically competent non-ex-officio members nominated by the Chairman

of the Authority vide Section 3 (f) and (g) of KSDMA, 2007. Additional Chief Secretary, Revenue

and Disaster Management is the Head of the Department of KSDMA vide GO (Rt) No.

2181/2016/DMD dated 23-03-2016. The other ex-officio members are Hon’ble Minister for Home

and Vigilance, Hon’ble Minister for Agriculture, Additional Chief Secretary, Home and Head of

State Emergency Operations Centre. Head of State Emergency Operations Centre is vide Section 3

(4) of KSDMA, 2007 (amendment 2016) the Member Secretary of the Authority.

(https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/about-ksdma/)

District Disaster Management Authority – Wayanad

https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/about-ksdma/

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

District Disaster Management Authority, Wayanad is an institution constituted as per the

Disaster Management Act, 2005 at the District level to ensure effective management and

response to any disaster. This Authority was formed as per GO(P) 303/2008/DMD dated 9.9.2008.

The DDMA Wayanad has the following structure:

Sl.

No.

Organization & Designation Designation in DDMA

1 District Collector Chairperson

2 The President, District Panchayat Co-Chairperson

3 The Additional District Magistrate ( ADM ) Chief Executive Officer, Member

4 The Superintendent of Police Member

5 The District Medical Officer of Health Member

6 The Assistant Divisional Officer, Fire & Rescue

Services

Member

7 The Principal Agricultural Officer Member

Table 12: DDMA Structure

Nodal Departments for various hazards

● Revenue & Disaster Management: Hydro-meteorological & geological disaster

● Home-Police: Road accidents

● Health & Family Welfare: Chemical, biological, radiological & nuclear disasters

● Factories & Boilers Dept., Dept. of Industries and the industry: Industrial accidents

● Agriculture: Pest attacks

● Animal Husbandry: Cattle epidemics

● Water resources: Dam break

● Public Works: Building collapse

● Forests: Forest Fire

● Airport Authority of India: Air accidents

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Powers & Functions of DDMA

The DDMA shall exercise all the powers and functions assigned by the Disaster Management Act

2005. The DDMA shall establish a proper chain of command system for planning, coordinating and

implementing schemes for effective management of disasters and organize the activities of all

agencies responsible for disaster management in the district. DDMA will provide information on

facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures and communications operating within a common

organizational structure. DDMA has the authority to make any necessary institutional arrangements,

assign responsibilities and modify any existing administrative mechanism or procedure to effectively

accomplish the specified objectives. DDMA is authorized to delegate its powers and functions to the

Chairman. The DDMA Wayanad has resolved to delegate its powers and functions to the Chairman

& District Collector.

Powers and functions of District Authority

1. The District Authority shall act as the district Planning, coordinating and implementing body

for disaster management and take all measures for disaster management in the district

following the guidelines laid down by the National Authority and the State Authority.

2. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of subsection, the District Authority

may:

a. Prepare a disaster management plan including district response plan for the district

b. Coordinate and monitor the implementation of the National Policy, State Policy,

National Plan, State Plan and District Plan

c. Ensure that the areas in the district vulnerable to disasters are identified and measures

for the prevention of disasters and the mitigation of its effects are undertaken by the

departments of the Government at the district level as well as by the local authorities

d. Ensure that the guidelines for prevention of disasters, mitigation of its effects,

preparedness and response measures as laid down by the National Authority and the

State Authority are followed by all departments of the Government at the district level

and the local authorities in the district

e. Give directions to different authorities at the district level and local authorities to take

such other measures for the prevention or mitigation of disasters as may be necessary

f. Lay down guidelines for prevention of disaster management plans by the department of

the Government at the districts level and local Authorities in the district monitor the

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

implementation of disaster management plans prepared by the Departments of the

Government at the district level

g. Lay down guidelines to be followed by the Departments of the Government at the

district level for purposes of integration of measures for prevention of disasters and

mitigation in their development plans and projects and provides necessary technical

assistance

h. Monitor the implementation of measures referred to in the clause

i. Review the state of capabilities for responding to any disaster or threatening disaster

situation in the district and give directions to the relevant departments or authorities at

the district level for their up gradation as may be necessary

j. Review the preparedness measures and give directions to the concerned departments at

the district level or other concerned authorities where necessary for bringing the

preparedness measures to the levels required for responding effectively to any disaster

or threatening disaster situation

k. Organize and coordinate specialized training programmes for different levels of

officers, employees and voluntary rescue workers in the district

l. Facilitate community training and awareness programmes for prevention of disaster or

mitigation with the support of local authorities, governmental and non-governmental

organizations

m. Set up, maintain, review and upgrade the mechanism for early warnings and

dissemination of proper information to public

n. Prepare, review and update district level response plan and guidelines

o. Coordinate response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster

p. Ensure that the Departments of the Government at the district level and the local

authorities prepare their response plans in accordance with the district response plan

q. Lay down guidelines for, or give direction to, the concerned Department of the

Government at the district level or any other authorities within the local limits of the

district to take measures to respond effectively to any threatening disaster situation or

disaster; Advise, assist and coordinate the activities of the Departments of the

Government at the district level, statutory bodies and other governmental and non-

governmental organizations in the district engaged in the disaster management

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

r. Coordinate with, and give guidelines to, local authorities in the district to ensure that

measures for the prevention or mitigation of threatening disaster situation or disaster in

the district are carried out promptly and effectively

s. Provide necessary technical assistance or give advice to the local authorities in the

district for carrying out their functions

t. Review development plans prepared by the Departments of the Government at the

district level, statutory authorities or local authorities with a view to make necessary

provisions therein for prevention of disaster or mitigation

u. Examine the construction in any area in the district and, if it is of the opinion that the

standards for the prevention of disaster or mitigation laid down for such construction is

not being or has not been followed, may direct the concerned authority to take such

action as may be necessary to secure compliance of such standards

v. Identify buildings and places which could, in the event of any threatening disaster

situation or disaster, be used as relief centers’ or camps and make arrangements for

water supply and sanitation in such buildings or places

w. Establish stockpiles of relief and rescue materials or ensure preparedness to make such

materials available at a short notice

x. Provide information to the State Authority relating to different aspects of disaster

management

y. Encourage the involvement of non-governmental organizations and voluntary social-

welfare institutions working at the grassroots level in the district for disaster

management

z. Ensure communication systems are in order, and disaster management drills are carried

out periodically

aa. Perform such other functions as the State Government or State Authority may assign to

it or as it deems necessary for disaster management in the district.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Operations Desk

SEOC – Dedicated & trained staff; DEOC – Revenue, Police and Fire & Rescue

● Monitoring field level rescue and evacuation operations

● Monitoring salvage operations

● Requisition of accommodation, transport and other necessary equipment for relief groups

● Maintain law and order

● Regular updates to the EOC regarding relief operations

Information Desk

SEOC – Dedicated & trained staff; DEOC – Land Revenue, Police

● Communication of weather reports and warnings and subsequent updates

● Dissemination of information

● Keep contingency plans along with all necessary maps in ready to use condition

● Maintenance of important telephone numbers, database on available resources, list of key

persons

● Send and receive messages and maintain records of the messages

● Maintain information of damage, materials sent and ongoing activities for immediate sharing

with Emergency Operation Centre

Logistics Desk

SEOC – Dedicated & trained staff; DEOC – Transport Department

● Assess the need in terms of manpower and resources and ensure regular supply

● Ensure proper storage and transport facilities for relief materials

● Maintain adequate supply of necessary transport and equipment

● Coordinate with private transport associations and boat association for emergency

requirement

● Organize transportation for rescue party, evacuated people medical terms and injured or sick

people

Health Desk

SEOC – Dedicated & trained staff & the State Level Nodal Officer of Health Department; DEOC –

Health Department

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

● Organize treatment of injured and sick, disposal of carcasses

● Preventive Medicine and anti-epidemic measures are taken

● Maintain record of all activities

● Maintain adequate supply of medicines, equipment and personnel

Service Desk

SEOC – Dedicated & trained staff; DEOC – Land Revenue, Police

● Overall coordination of rescue and relief operations

● Assessing the relief, search and rescue and cash compensation requirements

● Organize and coordinate setting up of relief camps

● Ensure adequate supplies to the camps

● Coordinate identified NGO activities to ensure community participation

● Reporting the procurement and disbursement of relief material received from all sources

● Organize construction of temporary shelters, school buildings, medical facilities etc.

● Maintenance of cash and disbursements receipts, issue of relief materials, T.A & D.A of

relief duty staff, daily wages, cash and credit vouchers, gratuitous and compensation paid,

etc.

● Issuing of all cash and material receipts

● Reimbursement of all expenses approved

● Issue of cash vouchers for petrol and diesel

Resource Desk

This desk shall be handled by the respective department as per the ESF Plan

The District Incident Commander can add officers/personnel from any agency or department or

LSGI as necessary in any of these Desks.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Primary Secondary Territory

Early Warning Indian Meteorological

Department (IMD):

Weather Warnings,

Central Water

Commission (CWC):

Flood Warnings,

Geological Survey of

India (GSI)/ National

Centre for Earth

Science Studies

(NCESS): Landslide

Warnings, Indian

National Centre for

Ocean Information

Services (INCOIS)/

National Centre for

Earth Science Studies

(NCESS): Wave

Height & Tsunami,

National Emergency

Operations Centre

(NEOC)/ State

Emergency Operations

Centre (SEOC): Any

of the above,

Government: Any of

the above

District Emergency

Operations Centre

(DEOC)/ District

Collector: Events

without precursors such

as accidents/earthquakes,

Revenue

Fisheries, Coast

Guard, Police,

Information

Dissemination

PRD, BSNL, SEOC FM radio, other mobile

Network Providers

Existing

wireless

operators

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

(Police, Fire

Force etc).

Emergency

Support

Functions

Refer to Annexure 21 PWD, Food & civil

supplies

Animal

Husbandry,

KSEB, KWA

Advisory &

Training

Administrative

Training Institutes

(ATI)

Taluk, NGO Chemical

Industries

Table 13: Different Level Stakeholders and their responses

Figure 2: Flow chart on Incident Command System

Emergency inter communication between different stakeholders

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Figure 3: Flowchart on emergency intercommunication between stakeholders

SIC: State Incident Commander; DIC: District Incident Commander; SDMCR: State Disaster

Management Control Room; DPP: District Panchayat President; TCR: Taluk Control Room;

VO: Village Officer; B/GPP: Block/Gram Panchayat President; DPC: District Police Chief;

DFRO: District Fire & Rescue Officer; PS: Police Station; F & RS: Fire & Rescue Station.,

Central Forces: CAPF, CRPF, BSF & RPF

Crisis Management Group to mitigate the disasters in mines

As per G.O (Rt) No.542/14/ID dated 26th May 2014, the State Government formed a State/District

level crisis management group in the state with respect to mitigation of disasters in mines for the

State of Kerala.

The crisis management groups shall meet at least once in every year or as and when required to

review the preparedness of various departments for crisis in mines and to conduct surprise visits at

various mines and also publish annual reports on the preparedness to handle the crisis.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Figure 4: Structure of crisis management group to mitigate disasters in mine

IRS In the District

Incident Response System in Wayanad District is effectively in place according to the Monsoon

Preparedness guidelines by the Kerala State Disaster Management authority. It's a two-tier system

where the District Collector is the responsible Officer in the District IRS. The Incident Response

System (IRS) is an effective mechanism for reducing the scope for ad-hoc measures in response. It

incorporates all the tasks that may be performed during disaster irrespective of their level of

complexity. It envisages a composite and comprehensive team with various sections to attend to all

the possible response requirements. The IRS identifies and designates officers to perform various

duties in their respective roles. The IRS organization functions through incident Response Team

(IRTs) in the field. In line with the administrative structure and Disaster Management Act 2005,

Responsible Officers (ROs) are designated at the State and District level as overall in charge of the

incident response management.

Sl. No. Functionaries of IRS Designated Officer

1 Responsible Officer District Collector & Chairman DDMA

2 Incident Commander CEO, DDMA & ADM

3 Deputy Incident Commissioner Deputy Collector (DM)

4 Media Officer District Information Officer

5 Liaison Officer Junior Supdt. DM Section Collectorate

Wayanad

6 Safety Officer District Medical Officer (Health)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

7 Operation Section Officer Superintendent of Police, Wayanad

8 Logistics Section Chief (LSC) Regional Transport Officer

9 Planning Section Chief District Fire Officer

10 Information Officer Hazard Analyst, DEOC

Table 14: The District Level IRS working structure


1 Responsible Officer Deputy Collector

2 Incident Commander Tahsildar

3 Deputy Incident Commissioner Tahsildar (LR)

4 Media Officer Head Quarter Dy Tahsildar

5 Liaison Officer Deputy Tahsildar, Natural Calamity,

6 Safety Officer Superintendent Taluk Hospital

7 Operation Section Chief DySP

8 Logistics Section Chief (LSC) Joint R T O

9 Planning Section Chief Station Officer, Fire Station.

Table 15: Taluk level IRS working structure

The IRS will function in accordance with the directions laid down for the purpose. Some of the

natural hazards have a well-established early warning system. The district also has a 24x7 functional

DEOC and on receipt of the information regarding the impending disaster, the EOC will inform the

Responsible Officer, who in turn will activate the required IRT and mobilize. The scale of their

deployment will depend on the magnitude of the incident. The measures decided to be taken for

response will be jotted down by the command staff and later handed over to the Planning Section. It

will thus form the initial Incident Action Plan (IAP)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

EOC set up and Facilities available in the district

The District Emergency Operating Centre is the core unit in case of emergency management in the

district. EOC is an offsite facility which will be functioning from the District Head Quarter and

which is actually an augmented control room having communication facilities and space to

accommodate various Emergency Support Functions. It is a combination of various line departments

of Government and other agencies whose services are required during incident response. These

officials will be able to take decisions on the spot under the guidance of Responsible Officer and will

be able to assist the Responsible Officer in achieving the incident objectives. The Responsible

officer shall ensure that the line departments do not issue parallel and contradictory instructions to

the field lever officers. Thereby, DEOC will issue unified and consolidated directions on behalf of

the Responsible Officer. (Annexure 9)

The DEOC will be equipped enough to meet the crisis and the system should be maintained in peace

time as well. The District Emergency Operations Centre is equipped as follows;

Item Number

Desktop Computer 3

Laptop 2

Satellite phone 1

VSAT 1

Landline &Toll free 1

Mobile Numbers 2

Hotline 1

Working Desk 10

Television 4

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Current Manpower 3 (24/7)

Manpower during Crisis 10

Projector 1

Table 16: Resource inventory at DEOC, Wayanad

Alternate DEOC

Disaster Recovery Centers (DRC) is not a new phenomenon in the world where we have to face a

number of unexpected events disrupting regular activities. In order to cop up with the situation, an

Alternate DEOC will be made functional at either Sulthan Bathery Taluks and or Rest House

Kalpetta, wherever feasible.

Public Private Partnership in emergency service

The IAG (Inter Agency group) plays a pivotal role in Disaster Management. The Public Private

Partnership model is effective when the local level community engaged in Disaster Mitigation efforts

through various channels. The teams of IAG’s and Civil Society’s engagement in the activities are

helping the District Administration to complete various levels of Disaster Management in the

District.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 4

Prevention and Mitigation Measures

Wayanad district being a disaster-prone area, has several structural and nonstructural prevention and

mitigation measures already in place in order to tackle the disasters. Moreover, the district disaster

management authority is also working along with different stakeholders to implement newer tools

and technology in improving their services. Both mitigation measures; structural which deal with

physical vulnerabilities, and nonstructural dealing with social vulnerabilities are developed and

organized by the DDMA in district, panchayat and village levels. Both these measures complement

each other in order to reduce the vulnerability and to engage and prepare the community for risk

reduction activities. DDMA has long term and short-term measures, including sustainable

development planning which are up and running throughout the year with regular monitoring and

evaluation.

Figure 5: Model Disaster Management Response Structure in the Government of India

Wayanad DDMA action plan works in line with the national and state level development schemes

and disaster reduction plans in order to bring the optimum benefits to it.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

National and State Level Initiatives

● IRS (Incident Response System): The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

has issued the Incident Response system under Section 6 of the DM Act, 2005 for effective,

efficient and comprehensive management of disasters in India. The vision is to minimize loss

of life and property by strengthening and standardizing the disaster prevention and mitigation

mechanism in the country. Under IRS, the Responsible officer (District Collector) is

designated at district level as an overall charge of the incident response management. This is

further linked to the taluk level incident commanders and nodal officers who will in turn

manage the disaster incident through incident response teams.

Figure 6: IRS Framework within a district

Incident response teams are the task forces which help to prepare and execute practical in-

field operations in response to any disaster reported. A proper planning and logistics sessions

are in place to help in obtaining information and to assess the availability and requirement of

resources and take action for obtaining them. IRT’s are designated at a taluk level by the

DDMA, Wayanad

● Inter-Agency Groups (IAG): Under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 Non-

Governmental Organizations are being actively involved in Disaster Management activities

at state level. Hence Kerala has formed Inter Agency Groups (IAG) as a collaboration

platform for non-governmental agencies functioning in the State. All Districts have notified

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Inter Agency Groups in the Districts and ensure close engagement with Non-Governmental

Agencies and Civil Society Organizations. Wayanad IAG, is a consortium of around 46 local

NGOs actively working in the community. During the disaster period IAG Control rooms

plays a major role in prevention and mitigation measures by working as a bridge between the

community and the government. And they also assisted in the community risk reduction and

mitigation activities of the DDMA

● India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN): A web-based platform initiated by the National

Institute of Disaster Management, for managing the inventory of equipment, skilled human

resources and critical supplies for emergency response. Primary focus of IDRN portal is to

enable the decision makers to find answers on availability of equipment and human resources

required to combat any emergency situation. However, the database will also enable the

district to assess the level of preparedness for specific disasters. The database will help in

preparing the mitigation measures in terms of inventory support.

● District Emergency Operations Center (DEOC): DEOC functions under District Disaster

Management Authority and in close proximity to the Office of the District Collectorate

Chairperson of DDMA. DEOC provides 24 X 7 services of staff from Revenue, Police (with

Police VHF) and Fire & Rescue departments. The DEOC of Wayanad is linked to SEOC

through VSAT terminals funded under the National Disaster Management Services Project of

NDMA and is equipped with satellite phones. DEOC has a hazard analyst, supported by

Kerala State Disaster Management Authority. The Hazard Analyst shall engage in analysis,

monitoring of vulnerable areas and submit necessary guidance and feedback to DDMA on a

day-to-day basis. DEOC is the room where the information has to be collated, segregated,

and disseminated to public and to Government. The team also is in constant contact with

various stakeholders in the district in order to initiate first hand disaster response and

management activities.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Figure 7: Disaster Management Cycle, Source: UNDP India Training Material (2005)

District/ Community / Individual level

Wayanad district is prone to various kinds of disasters due to its geography, special topography and

rocky terrain. The district is classified under Zone III, ie, Moderate Risk Damage Zone with respect

to earthquakes. Keeping in mind the disaster history the DDMA have been organizing several

structural and nonstructural prevention and mitigation works throughout the district which are

periodically monitored and evaluated by several committees. Below mentioned are the activities,

both structural and non-structural measures done by DDMA and other stakeholders in order to

effectively prevent and mitigate the disaster.

Structural Mitigation Measures

Probable Mitigation

Measures

Identified

Locations

and

Villages

Implementi

ng

Departmen

ts

Time

Frame

Type of

disaster

Debris Removal de-silting

and deepening of the water 26 LSGI LSGD Annual Flood

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

channel and dam.

Dam Rule curve 2 Dams

Central

Water

Commission

Need Based Flood

Essential service provided

to Tribal and other

vulnerable communities

3000

Hamlets TDO Need Based

All types of

disaster

Banned Earth Cutting and

quarrying

Vulnerable

areas

Revenue

department Seasonally

Earthquake,

Landslide,

mudslide and

flood

Fitness checks in schools

295

Schools in

District

DDE Annual All types of

disaster

Pruning of trees Vulnerable

areas

PWD,

LSGI,

FOREST

Seasonally Heavy Winds

Hoarding checks prior to

monsoon

Vulnerable

areas LSGI, PWD Seasonally Heavy Winds

Disaster prone tourist

location closed prior to

monsoon season to avoid

casualties

Vulnerable

areas

DTPC,

FOREST,

IRRIGATI

ON

Seasonally All types of

disaster

Setup of monitoring

centers for surveillance DMO

DMO &

Health

department

Epidemic

Set up of health centres in DMO DMO & Epidemic

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

the vicinity of people Health

department

Rain Water Harvesting

storage tanks at household

level and public buildings,

and recharging like wells,

ponds, check dams, farm

ponds.

LSGI

Soil

Conservatio

n, Minor

Irrigation

Table 17: Structural mitigation measures

Non - Structural mitigation measures

Probable Mitigation

Measures

Identified

Locations and

Villages

Implementing

Departments

Time

Frame

Type of

disaster

LSGI-wise

vulnerability analysis

(Annexure: 8)

26 LSGI DEOC Annually Annexure

Micro-Level Rainfall

Analysis

144 Location

throughout the

district

Daily Annexure

Capacity building of

SannadhaSena

26 LSGI LSGD/ DDMA Regularly Flood,

Landslide

Resource Inventory

updation

26 LSGI Village level &

NIDM

All disaster

Awareness generation 26 LSGI Animal Flood

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

on health and safety of

livestock

Husbandry

Rain Water Harvesting

storage tanks at

household level and

public buildings

26 LSGI Panchayat

Level

Flood

Farmer education to

practice drought

resistant crops and

efficient water use

26 LSGI Agriculture

and

horticulture

department

Preparation

Contingency plan for

response for vulnerable

regions

26 LSGI

Mapping of health

centers, inventories of

drugs & vaccines,

laboratory set up, no. of

doctors and staff

26 LSGI DMO & Health

department

Epidemic

Provision of temporary

shelters for homeless

people

Social Justice

Department

Information, Education

and Communication

(IEC) activities

IEC

Table 18: Non - Structural mitigation measures

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Special projects proposed for preventing the disasters

There are several other projects in line, developed for prevention and mitigation purposes in

Wayanad. These programs are specifically developed to assist and develop the disaster response

among the vulnerable community. The programs are: (explained in detail in chapter 6). Vulnerable

Tribal Colony Disaster Management Plan, DMP for disaster prone tourist locations, School Disaster

Management Plan, Village level mock drill, Village level capacity building of Officials, Village

level DM Plan, Inter-Agency Group, Capacity Building of NGO/CBO’s, School DM Club. Through

these grassroots level initiatives DDMA believe that they could effectively capacitate people in order

to bring about effective disaster management.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 5

Preparedness Measures

The whole preparedness plans are developed in order to ensure prompt response and readiness from

the authority in times of any emergency by strengthening the technical and managerial capacity of

the institution. The plan is analyzed and strengthened regularly in terms of network of

communication systems, public distribution systems, storage facilities, transportation facilities,

medical facilities, emergency reserves (essential resources, food, medicines, water etc), fire stations,

shelters (cyclone, floods) with their capacity, availability of NGOs and other volunteers, availability

of plans, teams to undertake various functions etc.

The activities also include forecasting and taking precautionary measures prior to an imminent threat

when advance warnings are possible. During the process, every possible stakeholder is trained in

preparedness planning activities to improve the response to a disaster in terms of timely and effective

rescue and relief operations, to save lives, minimize disaster damage, and enhance disaster response

operations

Identification of stakeholders involved in disaster response

Primary Secondary Territory

Early

Warning

Indian Meteorological Department

(IMD): Weather Warnings, Central

Water Commission (CWC): Flood

Warnings, Geological Survey of India

(GSI)/ National Centre for Earth

Science Studies (NCESS): Landslide

Warnings, Indian National Centre for

Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)/

National Centre for Earth Science

Studies (NCESS): Wave Height &

District

Emergency

Operations

Centre

(DEOC)/

District

Collector:

Events without

precursors such

as

Fisheries, Coast

Guard, Police,

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Tsunami, National Emergency

Operations Centre (NEOC)/ State

Emergency Operations Centre (SEOC):

Any of the above, Government: Any of

the above

accidents/earthq

uakes, Revenue

Informati

on

Dissemin

ation

PRD, BSNL, SEOC FM radio, other

mobile Network

Providers

Existing

wireless

operators

(Police, Fire

Force etc).

Emergen

cy

Support

Functions

Refer to Annexure 21 PWD, Food &

civil supplies

Animal

Husbandry,

KSEB, KWA

Advisory

&

Training

Administrative Training Institutes

(ATI)

Taluk, NGO Chemical

Industries

Table 19: Different stakeholders and their response (Refer annexure: 10)

DDMA rescue and evacuation plans have a special focus on the disabled persons in the community,

where there are several assistive devices like wheelchairs, crutches, walking sticks/canes, walking

frames/walkers available in every panchayat ready to be used for any types of disaster recovery

programs. Apart from that, there are schemes of Central Government which provide hearing aids,

artificial limbs etc to the disabled people, which would eventually make them more equipped and

prepared for the disaster.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Formation of Teams for -

Early Warning

An integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction, disaster risk assessment,

communication and preparedness activities systems and processes that enables individuals,

communities, governments, businesses and others to take timely action to reduce disaster risks in

advance of hazardous events.

The early warning systems for different disasters should be in place so that the concerned

administrative machinery and the communities can initiate appropriate actions to minimize loss of

life and property. These should give an indication of the level of magnitude of the mobilization

required by the responders. The goal of any warning system is to maximize the number of people

who take appropriate and timely action for the safety of life and property. All warning systems start

with the detection of the event and with their timely evacuation. Warning systems should encompass

three equally important elements viz detection and warning, dissemination of warning down to the

community level and the subsequent quick response. The State acknowledges the crucial importance

of quick dissemination of early warning of impending disasters and every possible measure will be

taken to utilize the lead-time provided for preparedness measures. As soon as the warning of an

impending calamity is received, the EOCs at the State, District and Taluk levels will be on a state of

alert. The Incident Commander will take charge of the EOC and oversee the dissemination of

warning to the community. The District Collector will inform the District Disaster Management

Committees who will alert the lock and Village level DMCs and DMTs to disseminate the warning

to the community. On the basis of assessment of the severity of the disaster, the State Relief

Commissioner (Incident Commander) shall issue appropriate instructions on actions to be taken

including evacuation to the District Collector, who will then supervise evacuation. In situations of

emergency, the District Collector will use his own discretion on the preparedness measures for

facing the impending disaster.

Search & rescue

Search and rescue are a core component in Disaster Management and they should be specialized in

life saving assistance to district and local authorities which includes operational activities including

locating, extricating and providing on site medical treatment to victims trapped in collapsed

structures. At the time of any disaster, a team is formed including stakeholders from DEOC, police

dept, PWD, Health Dept, Fire Dept and SannadhaSena (trained volunteers from the community) for

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

the search and rescue purpose. Proper training for the search and rescue process is undertaken so as

to minimize the time taken in rescuing someone. Also, proper methodology and resources are needed

to carry out a search & rescue mission.

The processes used in the search & rescue are different for different types of disasters. Most of the

disasters happening in Wayanad, it's highly probable that people get trapped in the mudslide/,

landslide or debris of buildings and houses. The local level RRT will have adequate data of the

people residing in vulnerable areas.

SR Team Member List No of personals appointed

Police 5

Medical Team 1-2

Fire force 5 (1 unit)

SannadhaSena /RRT Need Based

Table 20: Search and Rescue team in Wayanad

Damage and Loss Assessment

Damage and loss assessment is an integral part of overall preparedness, risk assessment and

management and will help the government to make informed decisions. The damage loss assessment

data will help the decision makers at all levels to have objective information upon which to base

decisions on how to mitigate the effects of any future disaster. Furthermore, the loss assessment will

also help to,

● Establish the cost of a specific event, either actual (post-impact) or hypothetical

● Establish the losses as a guide for recovery management

● Establish the likely cost of losses as quickly as possible-using the averaging method which

will be described later

● Support local or regional risk assessments, noting that simpler methods become necessary

and more valid when studying larger areas

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

● Estimate the average annual damages (AAD) from a hazard such as flooding at a specified

location, probably as an input to cost-benefit analysis

● Estimate the AAD to evaluate alternative mitigation strategies at a single location—in which

case only the relative AADs would be important

● Estimate the AAD to set priorities between different locations—in which case consistency of

approach and avoidance of bias in assessment are important.

Damage and loss assessment takes place after every disaster to analyze the damages and the extent

of damages in a grassroots level. The assessment will be conducted by the revenue department,

animal husbandry, Irrigation, Tahsildar, District medical officer, RTO, PWD, Water authority,

Kerala State electricity boards (KSEB), BSNL, Local self-government department level. The data is

also collected in order to regularly update in the National Database of Emergency Management

(NDEM) online Database. NDEM is a national repository of multi scale geospatial database coupled

with decision support tools, The database helps to address emergency disaster management in the

country, NRSC/ISRO establishes a state of art facility with structures framework with multi-

institutional participation to assist the government on preparedness, hazard/ risk donation, damage

assessment and emergency response under the behest of ministry of home affairs.

Figure 8: NDEM Disaster loss database

Activation of IRS in the district

The Incident Response System (IRS) is an effective mechanism for reducing the scope for ad-hoc

measures in response. It incorporates all the tasks that may be performed during DM irrespective of

their level of complexity. It envisages a composite team with various Sections to attend to all the

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

possible response requirements. The IRS identifies and designates officers to perform various duties

and get them trained in their respective roles. If IRS is put in place and stakeholders trained and

made aware of their roles, it will greatly help in reducing chaos and confusion during the response

phase. Everyone will know what needs to be done, who will do it and who is in command, etc. IRS

is a flexible system and all the Sections, Branches and Units need not be activated at the same time.

Various Sections, Branches and Units need to be activated only as and when they are required.

Incident Response System is the facilities, equipment, personnel, procedure and communications

operating within a common organizational structure, with responsibility for the management of

assigned resources to effectively accomplish stated objectives pertaining to an incident. The Incident

Response System being a management system has several salient features. This module highlights

these and the information that you acquire from this training module will help to sharpen your

management skills, and better equip you to be fully effective incident or event managers

The IRS organization functions through Incident Response Teams (IRTs) in the field. In line with

our administrative structure and DM Act 2005, Responsible Officers (ROs), the district collector,

have been designated at the State and District level as overall in charge of the incident response

management. The RO may however delegate responsibilities to the Incident Commander (IC), who

in turn will manage the incident through IRTs. The IRTs will be pre-designated at all levels; State,

District, Sub-Division and Taluk. On receipt of Early Warning, the RO will activate them. In case a

disaster occurs without any warning, the local IRT will respond and contact RO for further support,

if required. A Nodal Officer (NO) has to be designated for proper coordination between the District,

State and National level in activating air support for response. Apart from the RO and Nodal Officer

(NO), the IRS has two main components; a) Command Staff and b) General Staff.

Command Staff: Consists of Incident Commander (IC), Information & Media Officer (IMO),

Safety Officer (SO) and Liaison Officer (LO). They report directly to the IC and may have

assistants. The Command Staff may or may not have supporting organizations under them. The main

function of the Command Staff is to assist the IC in the discharge of his functions

General Staff: The General Staff has three components which are as follows;

● Operations Section (OS): The OS is responsible for directing the required tactical actions to

meet incident objectives. Management of disaster may not immediately require activation of

Branch, Division and Group. Expansion of the OS depends on the enormity of the situation

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

and number of different types and kinds of functional Groups required in the response

management.

● Planning Section (PS): The PS is responsible for collection, evaluation and display of

incident information, maintaining and tracking resources, preparing the Incident Action Plan

(IAP) and other necessary incident related documentation. They will assess the requirement

of additional resources, propose from where it can be mobilized and keep IC informed. This

Section also prepares the demobilization plan. (Source: National Disaster Management

Guidelines—Incident Response System, 2010)

Incident Response System in Wayanad District is effectively in place according to the Monsoon

Preparedness guidelines by the Kerala State Disaster Management authority. It's a two-tier system

where the District Collector is the responsible Officer in the District IRS. The Incident Response

System (IRS) is an effective mechanism for reducing the scope for ad-hoc measures in response. It

incorporates all the tasks that may be performed during disaster irrespective of their level of

complexity. It envisages a composite and comprehensive team with various sections to attend to all

the possible response requirements. The IRS identifies and designates officers to perform various

duties in their respective roles. The IRS organization functions through incident Response Team

(IRTs) in the field. In line with the administrative structure and Disaster Management Act 2005,

Responsible Officers (ROs) are designated at the State and District level as overall in charge of the

incident response management.


1 Responsible Officer District Collector & Chairman DDMA

2 Incident Commander CEO, DDMA & ADM

3 Deputy Incident Commissioner Deputy Collector (DM)

4 Media Officer District Information Officer

5 Liaison Officer Junior Supdt. DM Section Collectorate

Wayanad

6 Safety Officer District Medical Officer (Health)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

7 Operation Section Officer Superintendent of Police, Wayanad

8 Logistics Section Chief (LSC) Regional Transport Officer

9 Planning Section Chief District Fire Officer

10 Information Officer Hazard Analyst, DEOC

Table 21: The District Level IRS


1 Responsible Officer Deputy Collector

2 Incident Commander Tahsildar

3 Deputy Incident Commissioner Tahsildar (LR)

4 Media Officer Head Quarter Dy Tahsildar

5 Liaison Officer Deputy Tahsildar, Natural Calamity,

6 Safety Officer Superintendent Taluk Hospital

7 Operation Section Chief DySP

8 Logistics Section Chief (LSC) Joint R T O

9 Planning Section Chief Station Officer, Fire Station.

Table 22: The Taluk Level IRS

Operational check-up for EOC

The District Emergency Operating center is the core unit in case of emergency management in the

district. EOC is an offsite facility which will be functioning from the District Head Quarter and

which is actually an augmented control room having communication facilities and space to

accommodate various Emergency Support Functions. It is a combination of various line departments

of Government and other agencies whose services are required during incident response. These

officials will be able to take decisions on the spot under the guidance of the Responsible Officer and

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

will be able to assist the Responsible Officer in achieving the incident objectives. The Responsible

officer shall ensure that the line departments do not issue parallel and contradictory instructions to

the field lever officers. Thereby, DEOC will issue unified and consolidated directions on behalf of

the Responsible Officer.

The DEOC will be equipped enough to meet the crisis and the system should be maintained in peace

time as well. The District Emergency Operations Centre is equipped as follows;

Item Number

Desktop Computer 3

Laptop 2

Satellite phone 1

VSAT 1

Landline &Toll free 1

Mobile Numbers 2

Hotline 1

Working Desk 10

Television 4

Current Manpower 3 (24/7)

Manpower during Crisis 10

Projector 1

Table 23: Resource Inventory at DEOC

The DDMA also periodically conducts operational checkups for DEOC, existing warning systems,

and also for the logistics, equipment, other inventories for disaster management and seasonal

inspection of facilities and critical infrastructure. The checkup will ensure that

● All equipment is in working condition.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

● Collection data on a routine basis from line departments for disaster management.

● Develop status reports of preparedness and mitigation activities in the district.

● Ensure appropriate implementation of the District Disaster Management Plan.

● Maintenance of disaster database with regular updating.

● Activate the Response mechanism on receipt of disaster warning/occurrence of disaster.

Command and coordination – identification of quick response teams

EOC shall activate the ESFs as designated authorities who constitute quick response teams and are

assigned the specific task. The designated authorities for each of the ESF shall identify and earmark

the resources i.e. manpower and materials to be mobilized during the crisis. An inventory of all the

resources with the details shall be maintained by the designated authorities of the ESF, who will also

enter into pre-contracts for the supply of resources, both goods and services to meet the emergency

requirements. They are also delegated with adequate administrative, legal and financial powers for

undertaking the tasks assigned to them.

Similarly, several other teams equipped for quick response like fire and rescue, police, IAG

including all the NGOs and other stakeholders are very well identified and coordinated by the

DDMA. Public Private Partnership in emergency service like the IAG (Inter Agency group) plays a

pivotal role in Disaster Management. The Public Private Partnership model is effective when the

local level community engaged in Disaster Mitigation efforts through various channels. The teams of

IAG’s and Civil Society engagement in the activities are helping the District Administration to

complete various levels of Disaster Management in the District.

Community Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP)

Community based preparedness is a process of collaborating the people within the community and

making them equipped to collectively address a common disaster risk. It emphasizes collective

community action and the internal mobilization of available resources, so that the community could

be self-reliant

Community members are always the first respondent to any disasters; hence they must be aware of

the first steps of disaster management. CBDP is crucial because,

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

● It is at the community level where effects of disasters are felt the most and also where the

physical, social and economic risks can be most adequately assessed and managed.

● Nobody is more interested in understanding and improving local affairs and conditions than

the community residents themselves

● Nobody can understand local opportunities and constraints better than the local residents

themselves. The first and quickest response to a disaster in any community will always come

from the community members themselves.

● For disaster risk reduction initiatives to be more effective, generation and analysis of hazard

and disaster related data and information should be in a manner and language that is

understood by the community.

● Because the community is involved in the whole process, their felt and real needs as well as

inherent needs are considered. There is more likelihood that problems will be addressed with

appropriate interventions (Source: Training Handbook on CBDP)

Community awareness is very crucial to successfully run a CBDP, where the awareness program

should include disaster management awareness, awareness about do’s and don'ts of disaster through

campaigns, presentations, clubs etc. Wayanad DDMA have special tasks force, who are local

community volunteers recruited within the community, and are specially trained for disaster

responses. Apart from that the DDMA, will organize disaster management clubs in every local

school which can be used for the capacity building at the school level. The awareness programs will

be all inclusive where community members are sensitized about the needs of persons with

disabilities and other vulnerabilities.

Community warning system

Disaster warning or alerts are given to the community level by the DEOC through different agencies

which are competent to issue such warning, or on the basis of reports from District Collector of the

occurrence of a disaster. Additionally, the following agencies competent for issuing warning or alert

are given below,

S.

No

Disaster Agency disseminating the warning

1 Earthquakes IMD/Institute of Seismological Research (ISR)

2 Floods IMD/Irrigation department/CWC

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

3 Cyclones IMD

4 Heatwave IMD

5 Road accidents Police/RTO/NHAI

6 Industrial and chemical

accidents

Industry and DISH

7 Fire Fire brigade/Police

8 Epidemic Public Health Department

9 Thunderstorm IMD

10 Drought Agriculture and Revenue Dept.

11 Tsunami Indian National Centre for Ocean Information

Services (INCOIS), IMD

Table 23: Agencies responsible for disaster warning in community

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

It is necessary that all the departments have well defined standard operating procedures and

preparedness checklist the departments must be very familiar

with the overall plan and the procedures specifically applicable to them and report diligently

upon their implementation. Standard Operating Procedures will be modified and improved in

tune with changing circumstances.:

Standard Operating Procedures for Revenue Department

In-charge Officer: District Magistrate/ ADM

Checklist for preparedness:


Update District Disaster Management Plan

Check upon communication network; phones, wireless, fax, internet, HAM, etc

Identify by Hazard, Vulnerability and risk and prepare road maps of the district

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Activate District and Sub-divisional Control Rooms. Assign employees to the

Control Room

Fix the location of Response Base

Designate In-charge officials of the response base

Convene meetings of District Disaster Management Authority

Convene NGOs, PRIs and ULBs meeting; prepare a list of NGOs, and PRIs with

their functional Specialization and Geographical coverage

Check the availability of Food Grains in PDSs shops and other stockings and

distributors in the district

Prepare a list of Relief Items for distribution in the height of Local habits,

customs etc.

Determine quantity, quality of relief items as per minimum standards, and

expenditure to be incurred on it

Prepare a transport and alternate transport plan for evacuation and distribution of

relief

Prepare a media plan for dissemination of information to the people of the district;

local newspapers, radio, TV and cable etc.

Ensure appropriate stocking of relief material received from outside

Table 24: Preparedness checklist for Revenue department

Standard Operating Procedures for the Police

In-charge Officer: District Police Chief


Prepare a deployment plan for police forces

Check the availability and readiness of the search and rescue teams from within

the District Police

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Check wireless communication network and setup links with the District

Control Room and Sub-divisional Control Rooms; Make additional wireless

sets available, if required

Develop a traffic plan for contingencies arising out of disasters – one way blocked

ways alternate routes and traffic diversion

Keep the vehicles and other modes of transport available with the police in

readiness

Prepare a Plan for VIP visits to disaster affected areas

Identify anti-social elements that could create nuisance and take suitable

preventive action

Coordinate with International Teams and provide them with adequate security

Table 25: Preparedness checklist for Police department

Standard Operating Procedures for Irrigation Department

In-charge Officer: Superintendent Engineer, Irrigation


Check the wireless network and ensure that all the flood stations are connected

Establish mechanisms for the exchange of information with irrigation divisions

at State/ National levels

Inspect all the Bunds, and check their height and slope

Check the top of the Bunds, and if they have been cleared of encumbrances

/encroachments and if they are motorable

Check that all the Bunds have been repaired/ reinforced, in particular those

Bunds which were damaged during the last floods

Check the drainage system of the Bunds and ensure that the seepage and rat

holes, etc. have been closed

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Check that all the materials required for protecting Bunds have been stored at

different places, and a list of these places has been furnished to the district

administration

Check that the Junior engineers and other staff have been assigned their beats,

and all the arrangements for continuous vigilance over these bonds have been

made

Check all the rain gauge stations are functional, and arrangements have been

made to report the readings

Check the regulators and siphons. Check that they have been repaired and

cleaned, increasing the flow of water

Check all the anti-erosion works

Table 26: Preparedness checklist for Irrigation department

Standard Operating Procedures for Health Department

In-charge officer: District Medical Officer

Checklist of preparedness


Prepare a Health Contingency Plan for deployment of health and medical

personnel

Obtain a list of Respondent Base from district administration and assign

mobile health units and medical staff to each Response Base

Organize vaccination in Disaster affected area

Ensure necessary stock of medical supplies and blood

Organize maternity care centers in every Advance Medical Post

Keep operative facilities in readiness

Seek mutual aid arrangement with hospitals/ dispensaries in the area

Ensure clean water in camps &Steps to prevent water borne diseases

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Proper WASH facilities

Septic tank related check (with concerned Panchayath Authorities)

Table 27: Preparedness checklist for Health department

Standard Operating Procedures for Agriculture Department

In-charge Officer: Principal Agriculture officer

Checklist for preparedness


Check the availability of seeds, and disseminate information about the

outlets where seeds can be made available

Set up a public information system regarding sowing of crops, alternative crops,

pests, and application of fertilizers

Prepare a program for spray of pesticides and insecticides after the disaster

Crop insurance to be promoted

Table 28: Preparedness checklist for Agriculture department

Standard Operating Procedures for Animal Husbandry

In-Charge Officer: District Animal Husbandry Officer

Preparedness Checklist for Animal Husbandry


Publicize the list of common ailments in disaster and possible precautions

Organization of vaccination for cattle in Disaster villages

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Prepare a plan for setting up cattle camps and cattle feeding centers

Prepare kits which could be given to Veterinary doctors and Animal Husbandry workers

Table 29: Preparedness checklist for Animal Husbandry

Standard Operating Procedure for Water Authority

In-Charge Officer: KWA, Ernakulam Circle


Check the condition of pumps for draining flood water. Ensure pumps

are in working

Protect water supply pumps from water logging

Keep hand pumps, pipes and sockets in Readiness for installation/ increasing the

height of pipes

Obtain a list of temporary shelters where people took shelter during last disaster

Maintain adequate stock of chlorine tables and bleaching powder

Promote cattle insurance

Table 30: Preparedness checklist for Water Authority

Standard Operating Procedures for Forest Department

In-Charge Officer: Divisional Forest officer


Conduct HRV analysis of Forest of the district & based on HRV analysis, prepare a

contingency Action Plan for the Department.

Provide wooden poles and bamboo for relief and reconstruction at subsidized rates.

Provide these materials to all the technical departments, which need them.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Ensure Plantation to the maximum possible extent.

Ensure supply of wood for disposal of dead bodies

Call for an emergency meeting to take stock of the situation. Develop a strategy

and objectives.

Table 31: Preparedness checklist for Forest Department

Standard Operating Procedures for Public Works Departments

In-Charge Officer: Chief Engineer PWD


Conduct HRV analysis of PWD of the district & prepare Contingency Action Plan for the

Department

Establish radio communications with the State Emergency Operations Centre,

Divisional Commissioner, District Control Room and departmental offices

within the division.

The Officer-in-Charge-PW (B&R)” will be responsible for mobilizing staff and volunteers to clear the roads in his section.

Review and update precautionary measures and procedures, and review with

staff the precautions that have been taken to protect equipment.

Vehicles should be inspected, fuel tanks filled and batteries and electrical wiring

covered as necessary.

Extra transport vehicles should be dispatched from headquarters and stationed at

safe strategic spots along routes likely to be affected.

Clean the area beneath bridges regularly for smooth flow of water excess

Maintain all the highways and access roads, which are critical from the point of

view of supplying relief.

Inspect all buildings and structures of the state government (including hospital

buildings.) by a senior engineer and identify structures which are endangered by

the impending disaster.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

The designation of routes strategic to evacuation and relief should be identified

and marked, in close coordination with police and District Control Room

Table 32: Preparedness checklist for Public Works Departments

Standard Operating Procedures for KSEB

In-charge officer: Chief Engineer


Based on HRV analysis, prepare Contingency Action Plan of

department of Power Supply.

Establish radio communications with State Emergency Operation

Centre, District Control Room and your departmental offices within

/Division.

Ensure that the Power Supply department to make alternate

arrangements of emergency supply for the following offices from time

of receipt of districts:

● Hospitals

● Public Health Departments

● Deputy Commissioner Office,

● District EOC, Sub-Divisional EOC, site Operation Centers.

● Police Stations

● Telecommunications buildings

● Irrigation Office

● Any other place if required

Review and update precautionary measures and procedures, and review

with staff the precautions that have been taken to protect equipment.

Check emergency tool kits, assembling any additional equipment needed.

After receiving alert warning, immediately undertake following inspection

● High tension lines

● Towers

● Sub-stations

● Transformers

● Insulators

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

● Poles and

● Other equipment

Hire casual laborers on an emergency basis for clearing of damaged

poles and salvage of conductors and insulators.

Assist hospitals in establishing an emergency supply by assembling

generators and other emergency equipment if necessary.

Table 33: Preparedness checklist for KSEB

Standard Operating Procedure for Transport department

In-Charge Officer: Regional Transport Officer, Wayanad


Prepare a list of vehicles- trucks, buses, jeeps, tractors, Four Wheel Drive

vehicles, Earth Movers, Excavators, etc of government and private agencies in

the district and provide the list to the District Emergency Operating Centre.

Procure and provide these vehicles upon direction from the District Emergency

Operating Centre

Provide required vans and ambulances for mobile health and animal husbandry

teams.

Provide trucks, buses, jeeps, tractors,etc. for evacuation and supply chain

management

Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the staff to man

their places of duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective

departments

Call for an emergency meeting to take stock of the situation. Develop a

strategy and objective

Table 34: Preparedness checklist for Transport Department

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Standard Operating Procedure for Dam/ Reservoir Authority


A Control Room, which shall be functional 24x7 shall be opened by the Officer

in Charge of the Dam to handle any emergency situation. The water level

(MWL, FRL, CWL etc.), inflow, outflow, penstock opening, rainfall at control

shaft, rainfall at catchment area, rainfall predictions etc shall be continuously

monitored

People living at the likely to be affected areas downstream, shall be informed

through announcement over Public Addressing System (PAS), at least, 2 hours

prior to the scheduled opening/increasing of opening of the Spillway Gate, by

the Officer in Charge of the Dam

any increase in outflow, during the hours between 6PM and 7 AM shall be done

only after warning the people living in the affected area over the Public

Addressing System and informing all the 3 Tahsildars and DEOC over phone.

The outflow from the Dam shall be regulated, taking into view, the MWL, the

Current Water level, the inflow, the rainfall and the predicted rainfall, to

avoid spill opening / widening, to the maximum extent possible, during the

hours from 6PM to 7AM. A safety margin of at least one meter shall be

maintained between the current water level and the FRL during the day time.

This safety margin shall be utilized for storing any inflow during the night time

(ie, 6 PM to 7 AM) , so as to avoid an increase of spill during night.

all authorities/agencies which shall be informed mandatorily, shall be informed

before opening/widening of spillway, by the Officer in Charge of the Dam

the Tahsildars, shall take necessary action for preventive evacuation wherever

necessary. Relief Shelters, shall be opened wherever necessary.

The District Information Officer shall inform the media (both printed and audio

visual)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

The District Informatics Officer shall update the District Website with the

information regarding opening/widening of shutter spill.

The Office in Charge of the Dam shall submit a recommendation to the DDMA

for requesting the Mysuru District Administration in Karnataka for opening or

widening of shutter spill in Kabini or Nugu reservoirs. This recommendation

shall be submitted, considering rainfall, rainfall prediction, water level at the

reservoir, flood situation in downstream area etc., so as to avoid the worsening

of flood situation.

Table 35: Preparedness checklist for Dam/ Reservoir Authority

Media management / information dissemination

It is equally important that the DDMA disseminate the information equally to all the stakeholders, in

order for the proper working of disaster management. There are several systems in place for proper

disaster communication among the media, and other stakeholders. DDMA, is in close contact with

the taluk level Tahsildar, panchayat secretaries, and village officers, who acts as a channel for

collection and dissemination of data. Community registries regularly collect basic contact

information of vulnerable communities and information about the risk prone areas, in order to

conduct the hazard vulnerability assessment. Apart from that documentation of lessons learnt and

best practices after each disaster events and planning are done on a regular basis.

In managing a disaster, the media play an important role in providing “right information at right

time”. Communities require warning prior to and post disaster, in order to reduce the risk and

casualties during a disaster. The information is passed on to the media through the public relations

department, and several other communication tools are used based on the intensity of the event, in

order to disseminate the message. Moreover, data regarding the inventory of equipment, skilled

human resources and critical supplies for emergency response are updated and available in the India

Disaster Resource Network (IDRN) website. This database will enable the decision makers to find

answers on availability of equipment and human resources required to combat any emergency

situation. However, the database will also enable the district to assess the level of preparedness for

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

specific disasters. The database will help in preparing the mitigation measures in terms of inventory

support. (Annexure: 11, 12)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

CHAPTER 6

CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING

MEASURES

Approach

Capacity building is an ongoing process that equips officials, stakeholders and the community to

perform their functions in a better manner during a crisis/disaster. In the process of capacity

building, we must include elements of human resource development, i.e., individual training,

organizational development such as improving the functioning of groups and organizations and

institutional development. Capacity is the combination of all the strengths and resources available

within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk or the effects of a

disaster. These actions can include: resource development, financial management (diversification of

funding sources), organizational learning, leadership development and other activities.

Capacity Building Plan

The district has a Capacity Building plan in place covering all the relevant aspects of Disaster

Management. The plan envisages to provide basic training on Disaster Management for all the

employees in Government Section and to the Private and public limited employees in a phased

manner. The training will be carried out through various online tools to reach the optimum number

of people. The DDMA will have a special training division to cater the needs of the district. The plan

envisages equipping the entire staff of various departments in the district to meet the challenges of

Disasters.

Institutional Capacity Building

Officials /Policy Makers: The DDMA is the policy making authority of the district in terms of

Disaster Management. The entire team should be trained and capacitated to manage Disasters in

Wayanad. There are Various Departments involved in Disaster Management as first hand responders

and they should be also trained periodically on Disaster Management.

Engineers, Architects, Masons, Doctors, Nurses, Teachers, and other Professionals shall be trained in

respective areas of Disaster Management where they can contribute to the society in an effective

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

manner. The scientific and environmentally friendly construction in the Disaster-Prone District is a

key element in Disaster Risk Reduction. The peculiarity of Wayanad District has to be addressed and

taught to the people who are in such areas to prevent the Disasters.

The term capacity building has multiple dimensions. This has to be considered the capacities of

various sectors like:

● Search and rescue

● Camp management

● Resource mobilization (medicines, skilled persons, communication facilities)

● Man power banks

● Skills and interests in taking care of special attention needed groups

● Disaster proofing infrastructures

● Disaster proofing development planning

● Livestock management during emergencies

● Family preparedness planning

● Rescue shelter capacity improvement

● Communication facilities

● Basic minimum standards in various stages of disaster events

● Financial stability to meet the emergency needs

● Capacity to switch on various crisis situation with livelihood options

● Public and student’s education in disaster and emergency management

Various types of disaster in the focus of disaster preparedness and response are suggested by the

NDMP, SDMP and later funds disbursed for this purpose underlining the importance of training. The

training instructions are based on section 31 of DM Act 2005.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

In Wayanad district along with focus group training and capacity building programmers are trying to

establish the DRR mechanism up to the bottom level of administration and society. The

programmers followed the proper procedure by gaining the approval of DDMA and SDMA.

Novel Initiatives of DDMA.

1. Vulnerable Tribal Colony Disaster Management Plan: There are about 3000 Tribal

Hamlets in Wayanad where about 1.8 lakh tribal people find shelter. Many of the hamlets are

either situated in vulnerable areas or vulnerable in itself. There are various factors making the

hamlets vulnerable from a disaster perspective. The tribal communities are marginalized and

have to be equipped to cope up with the situation through IEC and other awareness activities.

In order to fill the gap, DDMA proposed a project to complete a model DM plan of Tribal

Colonies. The initial phase has been completed already.

2. Wayanad is mainly dependent on the Tourism Industry next to Agriculture. Thousands of

people rely solely on tourism as a livelihood option. The vulnerability of such locations is a

real threat to the visitors as well as employees who work around the destination. In order to

assess the disaster readiness of such destinations, the DDMA Wayanad devised a plan to

prepare a Disaster Management plan for each destination. This will help the destination to

raise awareness on Disaster management. Currently the DM Plan is being prepared in 10

destinations which are operational at the moment.

3. School Disaster Management Plan. The activity has been completed in 294 schools in

Wayanad based on the National School safety Policy of 2016 by NDMA. A template of the

plan has been prepared in consultation with the KSDMA and given training to the teachers

through online mode. The plans are ready and should be renewed every year with the

participation of students and parents.

4. Village level mock drills: it covers 26 Panchayat of the district. The reason for covering the

program to every panchayat is based on the ultimate reach of the messages and education of

the people of the district. The program is conducted with the support of the Revenue

department, police, fire force and panchayat.

No. of programs: 26

5. Village level capacity building of Officials: Mainly the officials from revenue department

and PRI are focusing. The inclusion of other departments is also considered in this program.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

The main focus of this program is opening a single platform to get to know the role and

responsibilities of each department to help them function properly with better understanding

in every phase of disasters or hazards. The program implementation shall be in Taluks level.

6. Panchayath level DM Plan: considering the limitation of the detailed HVRA of the district

the plan expected to be capable of tackling situations effectively, as well as reduce the risks.

It shall act as the database of several sectors and factors of the panchayath in practice.

The plan includes proper training to the officials for the making of the plan along with data

collection format. And service of experts in PRA exercise shall be sought for the HVRC

analysis.

7. Inter-Agency Group: is a new concept in Kerala, but it has been successfully implemented

in the states of Assam, Bihar, Tamil Nadu etc. already. In Wayanad it has relevance in hand

holding the government and non-government organizations in DRR. Some of NGO are found

trained in DRR, with UNDP and KSDMA by this time. During an emergency this kind of a

movement can effectively support the DDMA handling the social and logistical support. The

program plans to deliver the know-how of functioning IAG and formation of the IAG. And

this shall be operated under DDMA.

8. Capacity Building of NGO/CBO’s: this also focuses on form NGO coordination. It shall act

under the DDMA and IAG. The main focus of this program is to coordinate different area of

interest and projects of organizations accounting as capacity of the district. And to utilize the

resource to extend training and capacity building up to community level.

9. School DM Club. This project is a continuation of the School DM Plan since the DM club is

such schools can effectively implement the DM Plan prepared in their school. The students

can garner experience better by doing the activities designed to impart knowledge. The DM

clubs shall become a catalyst in formulating a disaster preparedness attitude in every area of

life of the student.

10. Based on the special instruction by GO DM3/69/2016/SDMA Dtd:11/2/ 2016 and the DM

Act 2005 Section 41(1) (a) ensure that the officers and employees are trained for disaster

management- empowered the proposal, here planned to conduct at Capacity Building

programs for PRI officials and community at Wayanad district.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

a. Training for Ward councilors/members: Understanding Roles and Responsibilities

and Risks to Preparedness Planning

b. Training for the government officials falls under Local Self Government on the above

concept.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 7

Response and Relief measures

Response Planning preparedness and assessment

An effective response is the result of a comprehensive crisis management program that orchestrates a

well-developed decision-making framework that rightly aligns various incident and site-level

response activities. The ability to manage a crisis successfully is the result of understanding the risks

and vulnerabilities involved, comprehensive planning, regular exercises, and a strategy for

maintaining these capabilities to deal with disasters regardless of type, location, and intricacy.

Response Flowchart

Emergency Support Functions Plan

In the aftermath of a major natural disaster wherein, the State Government’s assistance is required

for the districts, the command, control, and coordination will be carried out under the ESFs Plan.

EOC shall activate the ESFs and the concerned Department/Agency of each ESFs shall identify

requirements in consultation with their counterparts in affected districts, mobilize and deploy

resources to the affected areas to assist the district (s) in its/their response action. The State EOC

shall maintain a close link with the District EOCs and NEOC (Annexure 13 & 14)

ESFs shall be responsible for the following:

1. They will coordinate directly with their functional counterparts in districts to provide the

state government the assistance required. Requests for assistance will be channeled from the

district both through the District Incident Commander/DEOC and designated

departments/agencies. Based on the identified requirements by the districts, appropriate

assistance shall be provided by an ESF Department/Agency to the district or at the District

Incident Commander’s request, directly to an affected area.

2. The designated authorities for each ESF shall constitute quick response teams and assign the

specific task to each of the members.

3. The designated authorities for each of the ESF shall identify and earmark the resources i.e.

Manpower and materials to be mobilized during the crisis.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

4. An inventory of all the resources with the details shall be maintained by each of the

designated authorities for each of the ESF.

5. The designated authority for each of the ESF will also enter into pre-contracts for the supply

of resources, both goods and services to meet the emergency requirements

6. The designated authority for each of the ESF will be delegated with adequate administrative,

legal and financial powers for undertaking the tasks assigned to them.

Primary and Secondary Agencies

The designated primary agency shall be assisted by one or more support agencies (secondary

agencies) and shall be responsible for managing the activities of the ESF and assisting the district in

the rescue and relief activities and ensuring that the mission is accomplished. The primary and

secondary agencies have the authority to execute response operations to directly support the needs of

the affected districts.

Quick Assessment of damages and needs (Hazard Specific)

For the Wayanad district, the dominating disasters are Landslide, Flooding, Heavy rainfall, Forest

Fire, Lightning, Soil Piping, Draught, Biological disasters (KFD, Leptospirosis, etc.), etc. Crisis

management parameters should be wisely selected which in turn might be an effective solution for

the respective district. Quick risk assessment of the disaster and also the damages is very crucial in

managing a disaster. The quick response system includes proper early warning systems, two-way

communication system between village and district. The response also includes resource

mobilization, psychosocial care for affected populations, proper rehabilitation, etc. Given below are

the detailed quick response and assessment protocol practiced by DDMA for all the common

disasters happening in Wayanad.

1. Flooding

Flooding is a frequent disaster that occurs in Wayanad. Because of the terrain specifics of the

district, the low-lying areas and banks of rivulets, streams etc. are prone to this disaster. Flooding in

Wayanad happens mainly during the South-West monsoon period. However, there are some

instances of inundation/ flooding that happened because of Cloud Bursts, like the one that occurred

in the Ammayi-Palam area of Sulthan Bathery taluk a couple of years ago.

Source of information – IMD: http://imdtvm.gov.in/

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Extremely Heavy

Rainfall

(>244.4mm)

Most Vigil - Actions to be taken and sustained till warning is withdrawn in

the villages/taluks/districts predicted to be affected by rainfall

● SEOC & DEOC – Keep checking the tsunami bulletins from the

INCOIS site.

● State-District –Taluk Control Rooms of Revenue & Police-24 hours

functioning

● NDRF, SDRF and Fire and Rescue Service – pre-positioned as per the

direction of State Incident Commander

● BSNL and Police – deploy emergency communication systems

● Hospitals and PHCs in the villages predicted to be affected by rainfall

– function at full strength 24 hrs

● Tahsildar – Start the relief camps; Quarry blasting to be banned until

at least 24 hrs of rain free situation arises in the quarry locality based

on evaluation by the village officers

● Local Self Governments – relocate vulnerable population to the relief

camps and other safe locations

● Transport department – take control of all cranes and earthmovers in

the district for deployment in the event of major calamities

● KSEB & PWD – Emergency repair teams to be ready for deployment

● District Officers of KSEB, PWD, Health, Irrigation & Transport – to

be available at the respective district collectorates

● Police – Stop vehicular traffic other than that of emergency services

via ghat roads prone to landslides and flash floods; ensure strict one

way system for vehicle movement

● Declare holiday for all educational institutions

● All mass gatherings and social events to be stopped

● Public advised to remain indoors and those in landslide/flood prone

areas to move to safer locations. Voluntary evacuation warning to

public living in the flood prone areas of the district (based on the list

of hazard prone villages published inwww.sdma.keral.gov.in;

disasterlesskerala.org)

● Tourism & Forest Departments – Advise tourists not to stop in the

sides of streams and rivulets that intersect Ghat (Hilly) roads and take

bath in streams and bathing ghats when it is raining as these are

possible tracts of landslides flash floods; close all hill stations and

resorts in coastal and low lying areas and evacuate public to safer

areas

● Incase of emergency shutter lifting of dams: the dam authority should

inform DEOC before 24hrs to shutter lifting.

● The path of the flow should be mapped and communicated with

DEOC

● The corresponding Panchayath and village offices to the path should

informed and proper public announcement should done

● The shutter lifting should be carried out in day time only (0600am to

0600pm as per directions of state committee)

● The water level should be maintained to avoid shutter lifting during

the night time due to high magnitude of rainfall.

http://www.sdma.keral.gov.in/

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Very Heavy

Rainfall (124.5 to

244.4 mm)

Be prepared - Actions to be taken and sustained till warning is withdrawn, in

the districts predicted to be affected by rainfall

● DEOC – Emergency time functions activated

● DEOC, District – taluk Control Rooms of Revenue and Police – 24

hrs functioning

● SDRF and Fire and Rescue Service – pre-positioned as per the

direction of State Incident Commander

● Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard and other central forces in the

state – informed

● Hospitals and PHCs – ensure doctors and paramedical staff are

available on call

● Tahsildar – take control of the identified relief shelters; Quarry

blasting to be banned until at least 24 hrs of rain free situation arises in

the quarry locality based on evaluation by the village officers

● Local Self Governments – advice public to restrain from standing near

and crossing streams and avoid traffic through ghat roads

● Transport department – ensure that cranes and earthmovers in the

district are ready for deployment in the event of major calamities


● Police – Stop vehicular traffic other than that of emergency services

via ghat roads prone to landslides and flash floods

● District Officers of KSEB, PWD, Health, Irrigation & Transport – to

be available on call to District Incident Commander




possible tracts of landslides & flash floods

● Voluntary evacuation warning to public living in the flood prone areas

of the district (based on the list of hazard prone villages published in

www.sdma.kerala.gov.in; disasterlesskerala.org)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Heavy Rainfall

(64.4 to 124.4

mm)

Be updated - Actions to be taken and sustained till warning is withdrawn, in

the villages/taluks/districts predicted to be affected by rainfall

● SEOC – All state level officers of the nodal departments informed

● DEOC – Emergency time functions activated

● District Control Rooms of Revenue & Police-24 hours functioning

● Tahasildar – ensure that shelters are available if needed; Quarry

blasting to be banned until at least 24 hrs of rain free situation arises in

the quarry locality based on evaluation by the village officers

● Transport department – take control of all cranes and earthmovers in

the district for deployment in the event of major calamity





possible tracts of landslides

Table 36: Flood response plan for the district

2. Landslide

Landslide susceptibility map of Wayanad district is included in this plan. The hill ranges bordering

Wayanad with Malappuram and Kozhikode districts are also landslide prone areas. Special care is to

be taken while implementing projects involving land manipulation or disturbance in all these areas in

particular and the whole of the district in general.

Landslides have created problems in Wayanad many times in the past. The Wayanad- Kozhikode

border has been identified by CESS as one of the most landslide prone areas in the state. The

Mundakkai, Kappikkalam and Valamthode landslide/debris flows are notable ones. The Mundakkai

debris flow occurred in 1984 and it claimed 14 lives apart from the loss of prime agricultural land.

The Kappikkalam, Landslide near Padinjarathara occurred in 1992 and claimed 11 lives. Another

catastrophic Landslide occurred on 23.6.2007 at Valamthode, which claimed 4 lives. Apart from

these, many other Landslides of similar nature and of varying magnitude occurred in Wayanad in the

past. One such landslide occurred at the Ambalavayal-Kumbaleri road, near the Arattupara and

Phantom Rock.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Source of information – SEOC: www.disasterlesskerala.org

Criteria:

1 When IMD issued very heavy rainfall warning

2 When two days of cumulative rainfall exceeds 8cm in a rain station, landslide

warning is issued to the respective district

Landslide Be prepared – Actions to be taken and sustained till warning time limit expires/

until 2 days cumulative rainfall is below 8 cm

● SEOC-Telephonically verify the warning from INCOIS

● SEOC & DEOC-Emergency time functions activated

● State-District –Taluk Control Rooms of Revenue & Police-24 hours

functioning

● SDRF ,Fire and Rescue and Police-deployed to the area

● Army, Navy, Air Force & other Central Forces in the state- on high

alert and standby

● BSNL & Police-deploy emergency communication systems

● Hospitals and PHCs in the districts functions at full strength 24hrs

● Fire and Rescue Services to be on alert and on operation

● Rescue operations shall start as soon as the disaster strikes

● Relief centres shall be opened and managed by the Tahsildars

● The DDMA shall identify locations where Quarrying/ Mining/ Crusher

Unit activities shall be prohibited so as to prevent Landslide

● Soil Conservation Department shall identify locations where

sustainable land development solutions shall be provided to prevent

Landslide

● DDMA shall coordinate with Karapuzha and BanasuraSagar Dam

Authorities to ensure safety of the Dams during landslide

● DDMA shall take measures for regulating the height of buildings,

which will be constructed in the district, so as to prevent landslide

disaster

● Tahsildar- Take control of the identified relief shelters. Quarry blasting

to be banned until 24 hrs of rain free situation arises in the quarry

locality. Ensure that no quarrying / mining/ crusher unit activities occur

at those areas where the DDMA has banned such operations, if any- this

shall be done throughout the year, irrespective of alert warning.

● Local Self Governments: Alert public living close to small rivulets and

in hilly segments with greater than 20-degree slope. Ensure that no

quarrying / mining/ crusher unit activities occur at those areas where the

DDMA has banned such operations, if any- this shall be done

throughout the year, irrespective of alert warning. Ensure that all

provisions of Kerala Municipal Building Rules and Kerala Panchayat

Building Rules are scrupulously followed while taking up. land

development activities. Ensure compliance of DDMA orders/

regulations/directives/guidelines while issuing building permits and

during construction of buildings. Recommend to DDMA about further

restrictions, if any, are to be imposed in the area, in addition to the ones

imposed by the DDMA

Table 37: Landslide response for the district

http://www.disasterlesskerala.org/

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Drought

Seasonal Drought is a major disaster that affects the district. Particularly, the areas of Mullankolli,

Pulpally, Noolpuzha and NenmeniGramaPanchayats and SulthanBathery municipality are most

vulnerable to drought. Other areas are moderately vulnerable to drought.

Level

Vulnerability

Magnitude

Observations

Impact

Response

1 Normal Prepare & update

resource inventory

Nil All line

Departments

2 Warning Receiving warning

information

Nil IMD/SEOC

4 Emergency Alert all line

departments and

public

Agriculture crop

loss

District

administration

Deficit in ground

water recharge

Fall in investment

capacity of

farmers, rise in

prices, reduced

grain trade, and

power supply

Non-availability

of drinking water

Sunburn

5 Recovery (Post

Disaster)

Adequate Drinking

water supply

KWA

Assessment of

detailed crop loss

and give assistance

to farmers

Agriculture dept.

Table 38: Drought response plan for the district

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Lightning

Level

Vulnerability

Magnitude

Observations

Impact

Response

1 Normal Prepare & update

resource inventory

Nil All line

Departments

2 Warning Receiving warning

information

Nil IMD/SEOC

4 Emergency Loss of life &

property

Casualty to

people

Mortality to

cattle

Damage to

power,

telephone

lines, cable

networks

5 Recovery (Post

Disaster)

Agriculture dept.

Table 39: Lightning response plan for the district

DDMA has a proper structure in place for quick response and assessment for any (pre, post and

during) disaster. The table given below is a detailed activity calendar prepares by DDMA

Pre monsoon Monsoon Post monsoon

Agriculture Monitor daily report

of DCR Collectorate.

Coordinate with

water resources

departments and

necessary concerned

departments.

Take precautionary

steps to avoid

agricultural

destruction that can

appear during

monsoon season.

Take precautionary steps as

per the daily report from

Collectorate or report from

IMD.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Animal

Husbandry

Coordinate with

concerned

departments and

avoid all the

possibilities of

diseases that can

occur in animals.

To adopt all the

measures to avoid

diseases that can

appear in animals

during monsoon

period.

Take precautionary measures

to avoid diseases during the

post monsoon period.

Make routine checks to

assess the health of animals.

Fire To establish active

participation for any

situation where

outbreak of fire or

necessary search and

rescue operations are

needed.

Conduct necessary

exercise and mock

drills.

Conduct joined mock

drills with concerned

line departments.

To deploy forces

during the eve of

major disasters.

To deploy search and rescue

operations if necessary

(during natural and manmade

disasters).

Ground Water Coordinate with

irrigation and KWA

to disseminate

adequate water to the

necessities by

understanding (grids)

locations, which lakh

water.

Take initiative to

preserve water

resources.

Steps to be adopted

so as to maintain

HIS (Hydrological

Information

System) database

and monitor on a

regular basis.

Steps are adopted to collect,

store and disseminate

hydrological data as a part of

coma state and district level

initiative.

Health Supply Medicare to

Diseases appearing in

the pre monsoon.

Supply Medicare to

Diseases appearing

in the monsoon.

Supply Medicare to Diseases

appearing in the post

monsoon.

IMD To monitor and

compute met

parameters for the

district/ state.

Carry over

simulation and

establish daily

forecasting.

To increase

numerical modeling,

precision and

accuracy.

To monitor and

compute met

parameters for the

district/ state.

Give the necessary

response to SEOC,

DCR/ EOC of

respective

Collectorates.

To monitor the met

parameter and give daily

reports to concerned

departments.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

To send a daily

report to the DCR/

EOC of the

Collectorate and

other departments.

Irrigation To irrigate proper

places so as to avoid

extreme dryness.

To collect the water

in suitable

reservoirs and

constructions

(structures) - rain

water harvesting.

Irrigate proper places so as to

avoid dryness of the soil.

KSEB Lack of rainfall leads

to low productivity

of power and hence

regulation must be

carried out in the

usage of the same.

Due to rainfall,

productivity seems

to be very high and

hence low

regulation is

required.

Measures to be

adopted to save

energy.

Due to a reduced pattern of

rainfall, measures must be

adopted as per total

production and consumption.

KWA Distribute water to

necessary places or

locations where it

lakhs.

To promote

rainwater harvesting

and reserve water

for futuristic

purposes.

Controlled or regulated

usage of water.

Steps to be adopted so as to

maintain the source point of

water.

Allotment of water must be

established in a proper

hierarchy as given;

1. Human being

2. Animals

3. Agriculture

Storage of water in the

reservoirs

Police Be alarming to

counter the natural

and manmade threats

To avoid the

peoples from the

exposure of sea

threats and

flooding, relocate

them to more safe

locations. To avoid

ochlocratic

situations at shelters

and relief camps.

To be alarming to counter

the natural and manmade

threats.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

PWD Nil To allot shelters for

victims who are

under threat due to

flooding sea attack.

Nil

Revenue Maps and Survey

sketches are provided

to concerned

departments so as to

establish easy

operation and

administration

procedures.

Maps and survey

sketches relating

various disasters

occurring during

monsoon season are

generated and are

distributed to the

concerned line

departments.

Maps and survey sketches

relating various disasters

occurring during post

monsoon (if necessary) are

provided to concerned

departments.

Transport Nil Shift peoples from

coastal and flood

prone regions to

safe locations.

Nil

Table 40: Activity Calendar

Need Analysis for Pre and Post Disaster Scenarios

The first step in any emergency response is to assess the needs, extent, and impact of the damage

caused by the disaster and the capacity of the affected population to meet its immediate survival

needs (degree of vulnerability). Proper resource mobilization, psycho-social care, information

management can be done efficiently once there is proper need analysis done on any disasters. Given

below are the hazard-specific anticipated needs for pre and post disasters. (Annexure: 15)

Anticipated needs Pre-Flood Anticipated Needs Post – Flood

Structural Non – Structural Rescue Relief

Clearance of

waterways

Public awareness

campaigns

Boats Food

Removal of

encroachments

Monitoring &

updating flood-

related parameters

Vehicles Shelter

Cleaning of sewerage Sand bags Helicopters Financial aid

https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disasters/what-is-a-disaster/what-is-vulnerability/

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Repairing damaged

roads

Dewatering pumps Rescue

equipment

Cooked food

Construct water

harvesting system

Update resource

inventories

Human

resources

Safe drinking

water

Construction of

bunds, canals etc

Procurement of

locally available

boats

Mobile clinics Electricity

Maintenance and

repair of sluice gates

and spill way of

reservoirs

Collect details of

earth movers,

cutters, JCB’s and other related

machineries in the

District

Lifesaving

equipment

Medicines/

vaccination

Generators

Storage of medicine

Mobilize the search

& rescue equipment

Table 41: Anticipated needs during pre-flood and post flood.

Anticipated needs: Pre-Landslide Anticipated Needs: Post- Landslide

Structural Non-structural Rescue Relief

Improving surface

and subsurface

drainage

Identify the

landslide prone

areas in the district

and have a close

monitoring during

the monsoon season

JCB, Crane Food

Constructing piles

and Retaining wall

Monitoring &

updating landslide

related parameters

vehicle ambulance Shelter

Preserving

vegetation

Public awareness

campaigns

Rescue equipments Financial aid

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Rock fall protection Update resource

inventory

Human resources Cooked food

Ensuring prohibition

of Quarrying,

Mining and Crusher

unit activities in

those places where

the DDMA has

resolved to do so.

Ensuring that height

of buildings are

restricted to the

limits stipulated by

the DDMA.

Collect details of

earth movers,

cutters, JCBs and

other related

machineries in the

district

Mobile clinics Safe drinking water

Boulder gathering

trenches at the foot

of the hillside

Storage of medicine Life savingequipments Electricity

Disseminate

Landslide hazard

mapping

information to

stakeholders

Medicines/

Vaccination

At selected

locations,

demonstrate

mitigation actions

through use of local

resources/ cost

effective measures

Table 42: Anticipated needs during pre and post landslide.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Anticipated Needs Pre- Earthquake Anticipated Needs Post – Earthquake

Sl.

No

Structural

Non – Structural

Rescue

Relief

1 Construction of

Earthquake resistant

buildings

To disseminate

earthquake risk to

general public

residing in

earthquake prone

zones

Campaign for

earthquake safety

tips

Search

Equipment

Food

2 Strengthen dams,

bridges

Update Resource

Inventories

Vehicles Shelter, Clothing

3 Analysis of historical

seismic data and

regional geology can

guide people, including

architects, builders, and

engineers to build safer

structures.

Collect details of

earth movers,

cutters, JCB’s and other related

machineries in the

District

Helicopters Financial aid

4 Earthquake safe designs

and building codes for

public construction.

Storage of

medicine

Rescue

equipment

Cooked food

5 Seismic strengthening,

retrofitting of non-

engineered structures.

Mobilize the

Search & Rescue

Equipment

Human resources Safe Drinking

Water

6 Identification and

removal of unsafe

buildings/structures

GIS based

mapping of

population

vulnerability

Medicines,

Mobile Clinics

Electricity,

Communication

System

7 To provide or make

seismic micro zonation

maps

Planning logistics

for response

scenarios,

planning of

evacuation routes

Lifesaving

equipment

Medicines/

Vaccination

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

8 Control, regulate and

prohibit

Quarrying/Mining/

Crusher unit operations

wherever necessary

Seismic risk

assessment and

mapping of

seismic zones.

Earth movers,

Cutters, JCB’s and other related

machineries

9 Provide

professional

training about

earthquake

resistance

construction to

engineers and

architects

Table 43: Need Analysis for Pre and post earthquake scenarios

Anticipated needs Pre-Lightning Anticipated needs Post–Lightning

Sl.

No.

Structural

Non –Structural

Rescue

Relief

1 Install lightning rod

during the time of

building

construction

Public awareness

campaigns

Human resources Medicines/

Vaccination

2 Update Resource

Inventories

Mobile Clinics Financial aid

Table 44: Need analysis for pre and post lightning scenarios

Anticipated Needs Pre- Drought

Anticipated Needs Post – Drought

Sl.

No

Structural

Non – Structural

Rescue

Relief

1 Renovation of

existing ponds and

open wells

Public Awareness

Campaigns

Human Resources Drinking

Water supply

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

2 Construction of

check dams, cleaning

and protection of

existing water

sources

Monitoring and

updating drought

related parameters

Mobile Clinics Cooked food

3 Renovation of

existing lift irrigation

system

Update resource

inventories

Medicines/

Vaccination

4 Forestation and

rejuvenation of

Natural Forest with

local species.

Replacement of

Draught inducing

tree species (Exotic

varieties like Acacia,

Eucalyptuses) with

local tree species.

Storage of

medicines

Financial Aid

5 Promotion of

Rainwater harvesting

and soil conservation

measures

Water supply

6 Watershed

Management

Programmes

Encourage farmers

to understand crop

pattern to be

adopted in their area

7 Enactment and

enforcement of laws

regulating

groundwater level

and exploitation of

natural resources

Disseminate drought

risk to the general

public residing in

drought prone

zones.

Campaign for

drought tips for

agriculture, general

public

Medicines/

Vaccination

Table 45: Need analysis for pre and post drought scenarios

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Reporting and Information Management

DEOC, Timely updates a detailed situation report after every disaster happening in the state. These

reports will be further used for the vulnerability assessment, and future relief measures taken in the

location. Simultaneously the information is disseminated into the media and other stakeholders in the

local languages.

Response Matrix

Response Transport Early warning

Centers PWD

Drinking

Water &

Water

Supply

Search &

rescue

Normal Nil

Usual

Monitoring

process

established.

Nil Nil

To have mock

drills on their

own equipment.

So as to be

more familiar

with their

equipment and

access the

quality of

equipment they

have.

Prepare &

update

resource

inventory

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

Warning

Preparation

on Disaster

(Mock drill).

Issue warnings

signal the

necessary line departments.

To give

clearance of

strength of

buildings and

bridges.

To reserve

the water

for the

victims

after the

appearance

of disaster.

To get prepared

to face all the

upcoming threats.

Track

developments

in regard to

specific

hazards

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Emergency

(Fill

Reponses)

To transfer

people and

valuables

from the

affected

area.

Employ

communication

to necessary

line

departments.

To support the

shelters where

victims can be

accommodated.

To supply

water to

victims.

To establish the

search and

rescue service

when and

where ever

necessary.

Recovery (Fill

Responses

under

Recovery

Stage)

To

transport

victims to

hospital/

Camp/

Shelter

where

victims can

meet the

necessity.

Continue

monitoring and

inform ESF

(Emergency

Support

Function) for

further

appearance.

To provide

shelters and

accommodation

to victims.

To supply

water to

victims.

Victims are

transported to

the different

locations where

medication,

accommodation

and foods are

facilitated.

Table 46: Response Matrix

Responsibility Matrix

The perils of hazard have to be negated with appropriate observation and focused activities, which

necessitate the need of an ever-vigilant forecasting system that will help in managing the disastrous

effect of a hazard.

The structural framework starts with identifying, evaluating and assigning well defined roles and

responsibilities of various authorities in managing disasters. Experiences with previous disasters

make it clear that authorities have to be sensitized prior and subsequent to an unturned event. Thus,

coordination among stakeholders for effective management of disasters is essential and to ensure

this, pre-planning must be done before the onset of a disaster and specific tasks must be assigned to

each department so as to provide training in the specific areas.

Time Task Department/

Agency

Activity

D-72 Hr Effective monitoring to

establish.

If necessary, warnings

to be provided.

SEOC, IMD, CESS

I&B, Media, Radio

Station,

Effective communication to

be established between

scientific and communication

networks.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

D-48 Hr Evacuation of disaster-

prone regions.

Arrangement of

Temporary shelters

Revenue, Police,

Coast Guard.

Hazard prone regions are

monitored by Police,

Coastguards and Revenue.

Temporary shelters are

prepared to accommodate the

victims

D-24Hr Mitigation measures

adopted

I&B, Media, Radio

Station

Fire force, Health

Dept, Police, NDRF,

and SDRF.

All the respective members

(Depts) are deployed.

D0 Hr Activate Incident

Command System

Emergency

Communication

System

Police, SDRF,

NDRF, Indian Coast

Guard.

Active communication, Fire

& Police force, NDRF and

other field staff deployed to

counter threat waves

(Disaster).

D+15 Min Search and rescue are

at the frontline.

Necessary medical aids

are provided.

Police, F&R Supply

office, DH.

Victims to be transported to

shelters and necessary

medical assistance are

provided to respective

Dept’s.

Table 47: Responsibility Matrix

Success story and lessons learned

Wayanad DDMA’s policies and structure is being refined every year, after learning from the

mistakes each year. DDMA has improved their policies, included more technological advances,

using theories and models, etc for implementing disaster management initiatives. One such example

can be highlighted, about the disaster that happened at Mundakayam, Wayanad, during the year

2020.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

MUNDAKKAI LANDSLIDE: A SUCCESS STORY

Wayanad is a disaster-prone area and has been fighting landslides and floods regularly. However,

since the implementation of DEOC, in the year 2015, the district has been working together to

reduce the risks and casualties by implementing effective policies and actions.

The Incident

August 8, 2019, Mundakkai in Meppadi Panchayat of Wayanad District witnessed a massive

landslide, which caused total damage to around 4 houses. The landslide was followed by

continuous heavy rainfall in the area,

measured up to 240 mm. The extremely

heavy rainfall prolonged for 48 hours,

which made the area prone to land

subsidence and soil erosion. The

Mundakkai area was occupied by 34

families, consisting of around 177

people and approximately 4 acres of agricultural land.

However, DDMA in Wayanad was able to successfully mitigate the disaster through proper

planning and scientific predictions. DDMA, through this intervention, was able to set an example

in terms of disaster mitigation and planning measures.

Planning and mitigation

The reason why DDMA was able to successfully combat this disaster by reducing the risk, is

through proper planning, mitigation, and evacuations plans which were already in place. DEOC,

under DDMA, has been proactively collecting and monitoring daily rainfall data throughout the

district, which helped in foreseeing the exceeding level of rainfall in the above-mentioned area.

Apart from that DDMA, had an accurate database on the demographic of the community,

susceptibly of the area, inventory of the resources available for the rescue purpose at LSG level,

which helped a great deal in reducing the response time during the disaster.

Moreover, since the area was already marked as a vulnerable location, DEOC had pre-arranged

evacuation centers, relief camps equipped with necessary resources, ready to be occupied by the

vulnerable community. These mitigation measures, which were already planned by the DEOC,

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

resulted in reducing the casualties in the area to zero.

After observing the IMD weather forecast and the recorded heavy rainfall, consecutively for 48

hours, the DEOC took the prompt response in initiating the initial Incident Response System in

the area. From the field observation, it was found out that high-intensity rainfall might have the

potential to cause major land subsidence or landslide. Since Meppadi LSGI is prone to land

subsidence, the Incident commander activated the Incident response system. This prompt response

helped the DEOC to save the lives of 23 people, including women, children, and domestic animals

in the area, who would have been directly hit by the disaster. Even though the landslide which

followed destroyed 4 houses completely, the casualties were reduced, as people and animals were

evacuated hours before the disaster.

Follow-up

After successful evacuation, response, and relief measures, the local self-government body in the

area was made to monitor and evaluate the area on a timely basis to ensure the wellbeing of the

community.

IMPACT/ OUTCOME/ CONTRIBUTION OF THE WORK DONE

The intervention by DDMA at Mundakkai in the year 2019 stands as an example of proper and

timely disaster management response. The event, if unnoticed, could have taken the lives of

around 23 people, 15 domestic animals and had the potential to displace around 177 people living

in the area. However, the intervention outcome helped in saving lives and reassuring the trust of

the community. The event was successful because of the extensive engagement of the DEOC and

the participation of the community members in the rescue operations. The DDMA, on an

experimental basis, was slowly shifting the disaster management strategy into a Community-

Based Disaster Risk Management system, therefore, this event has proved the effectiveness of

CBDRM and could be studied as a model in disaster risk reduction. The event, in general,

contributed to another great learning experience for DDMA in Wayanad.

Moreover, this experience was set as an example for other DEOCs around the country, to timely

mitigate and respond to a disaster. Wayanad DDMA has once again proved through its efficacy

that Preparedness is the only way we can combat a natural disaster

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Magnitude of effect on people and society

The disaster response initiative has largely impacted the people and society in terms of: -

• Building trust within the communities, which is a crucial factor in any further disaster

management events

• Saving lives of people due to proactive and prompt disaster response

The initiative is sustainable in the long run as it: -

• Proved the benefit of daily rainfall data collection and analysis across 121 locations

• Encouraged in planning effective policies on the construction of buildings.

• Initiated a novel training program for masons and engineers on disaster resilient

construction

The disaster response from DDMA was only successful by the cooperation of community

members, the sannadha sena team, local representatives, and other government departments.

The DDMA recognizes and appreciates the constant efforts of its peers. The DDMA prioritizes

providing the needs of these peer organizations in terms of their needed resources.

Some notable professional bodies that assisted are:-

• Human Center for Ecological Studies (NGO ) who supports DDMA by providing rainfall

data and analysis

• The groundwater department has constructed around 70 wells in the area, and are regularly

looking for heavy rainfall surface indicators after heavy rainfall

• The Sannadha sena (community volunteers for disaster management) was proactive in the

response and relief measures taken by the DDMA during that day.

• The local schools and health institutions which was ready for relocation and rehabilitation

of the vulnerable community during the crisis.

The DDMA Wayanad is exceptionally doing well in Disaster Management to bring awareness

among the community on various aspects. Every initiative by DDMA Wayanad is futuristic, based

on Scientific assessment, and people-oriented so that

, community-based disaster management will be effectively done. The DDMA is designing a lot

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

of solutions to address the issues of vulnerable communities in Wayanad.

The disaster response initiative has largely impacted the people and society in terms of: Building

trust within the communities, which is a crucial factor in any further disaster management events

and Saving lives of people due to proactive and prompt disaster response

The initiative is sustainable in the long run as it

1. Proved the benefit of daily rainfall data collection and analysis across 121 locations

2. Encouraged in planning effective policies on the construction of buildings

3. Initiated a novel training program for masons and engineers on disaster resilient

construction

Conclusion

Wayanad DDMA, after facing two destructive landslides in the year 2018, has learned its lessons

and enabled its team to identify and mitigate the disasters and to save lives

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 8:

Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery

Measures

Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and recovery operations are integral to disaster recovery. They

provide a direct 'connect' between disaster response and long-term development. The rehabilitation

and reconstruction activities focus on providing long term recovery of the area/ community. During

the stages of recovery, the government, NGOs, self-help groups etc. come together after the disaster

to help the community to rebuild their lives. This chapter will describe the strategy to restore

normalcy to the lives and livelihoods of the affected population. Short-term reconstruction requires

return of vital life support systems to minimum operating standards while long term rehabilitation

will continue till complete redevelopment of the area takes place.

Reconstruction

The south west monsoon 2018 had declared the exact conditions of Wayanad district towards

vulnerability. There remain huge tasks ahead to build back the district with several sectors. The

strengthening of the government and non-government machineries, society empowerment, livelihood

strengthening, alternative environment friendly options, disaster proofing sustainable development,

resource availability and proper mobilization, environment management, safe habitation erection etc.

Now it underlines the importance of proper planning and stock holding patterns towards disaster

management and risk reduction goals.

Emerging environmental issues and risks

The specialty of the district is geography and ecological sensitivities showing potential to create

risks at times. Some of the climate change and man induced risks experienced by the district are

new. Mass removal of vegetation and other landforms growing common with harmful impacts to the

environment. The concept of drought is a very important one among these kinds, needs to be made

proper intervention, in the background of once this place was nourished by plenty of rainfall on

average 3000 mm/year. In the previous year, 2016, showed 53% deficit of rainfall than normal in

Wayanad and in 2018 it showed hype in the monsoon and pre-monsoon falls. The rainfall pattern

change is thus very visible and the main reason for this is obviously the change in climate and land

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

cover; the heavy rainfall and its high intensity made severe damage to assets, land forms, in specific,

increase in runoff resulting in soil erosion and prevents penetration of water to soil (detailed in

annexure). The lowering of the water table immediately after the rainfall indicates the high void

formations and soil piping are notable.

● The flood during the south west monsoon of 2018, has demonstrated various types of

rainfalls with intensity, duration, and size of drops. The western ghat has already been

declared as prone to flash floods and cloudbursts. The spell of last and first hours of august

8th and 9th raised the scale up-to 445mm. The minor hail storms in the summer shower also

notable. In 2017 also witnessed the hailstorm and the media reports denoted the crop damage

due to this. Out of 49, 47 villages reported severely affected in floods of 2018 though it does

not mean that other two were not affected and safe from the same.

● The land damage incidents can be classified into three categories:

○ landslide

○ landslide/ mudslide

○ land subsidence.

In total 247 incidents took place in Wayanad also thousands of minor cases are noted though

not recorded properly. About twenty acres of land are estimated severely damaged and need

20 more years to be stable. The villages in Vythiri taluk, named Pozhuthana, Vythiri,

Meppadi, mananthavady villages named, Mananthavady, Thavinjal, Thirunelly, Thrissilery,

Thondernad, Vellamunda, are severely damaged. And no cases were reported in

Sulthanbathery taluk.

● The removal of mass quantities of vegetation influencing temperature rise in the district. The

phenomenon has visible evidence of deforestation.

● The presence of inward species of plants in forests is noted.

● The human animal conflicts being co-travelling the history of the district was natural, but

recently the frequency and intensity is growing high. In the last one year the district was

victimized by several cases. Being a district having 885.92 km2 forest areas out of 2130 km2,

the settlement and some income generation activities are present and active. The attack of

wild animals including carnivores threatens life. The district Wayanad is placed in the second

position, prone to landslides. Situated at the south-west end of the Deccan plateau it has a

specialty with the topography of the district, which has mountains and hills surrounding it

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

and functions as a protective natural bordering wall. It is ranging from 100-2220meters of

height and more than 400 slopes. The slope factor has put the district as prone to geological

hazard, the landslide. The disaster history of the district also underlines the hazardous trend

of landslides in Wayanad district.

The earthquake is another important potential hazard here, and the district has been listed in the

seismic zone of III with moderate damage risk (MSK VII, mapped 1893(Part I) - 2002 BIS). The

landslide prone areas identified at the boundary of the district which belongs to Vythiri,

Mananthavady taluks at outer borders and Sulthan Bathery which specifically covers number of

villages on the Bhavali fault. In a landslide, masses of rock, earth or debris move down a slope, in

general, they can be activated by storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires and human

modification of land. When a mass movement of plates happen, the impact would be very severe,

due to the slopes have different land use patterns, as crop cultivation, settlements as similar to the

base, the quarrying activities are very high in that areas. When imbalances occurred between the

geomorphic features like mountains and water bodies, and other land types by activities including

mining, quarrying, development can end up either in landslide or in earthquake. For eg. The cracks

made by the use of explosives while quarrying into a harmful depth of the location will trigger

rockslides even in very low magnitude of shaking. In the case of Wayanad, the possibility of

temblors which can accelerate landslides shows a close relation.

The interruption of streams due to the livelihood activities is prevailing over with potential risks of

landslides; which also threatens the settlements at these areas. And the water storage mechanisms

should be very scientific in those areas to prevent landslides.

Reconstruction Measures

The planning year of 2019 possesses certain challenges and tasks towards reconstruction from the

lethal cracks of the south west monsoon of 2018.

The main challenge is housing construction over flood affected and landslide affected areas. All over

district 711 a number of houses were fully damaged or collapsed. And 7073 number of houses

reported partially damaged. The models approved with a set of criteria focusing disaster proofing

against floods and landslides, the retrofitting and light weight designs are following for.

The demands of reconstruction measures that should be taken in this district are mainly pointing out

the restoration of vegetation and water bodies. The change of climate is the thing which happened to

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

the district with the potential of leading to disasters. The structural measures are suggested to tackle

the situation with vision for the long term.

Suggestions

● Water body wetland restoration and natural irrigation with community participation.

Common pond construction in the paddy cultivating land would satisfy water demands of

agriculture purposes in any season. It would be effective if it could ensure community

ownership/participation.

● Riverbank strengthening: -with green canopy restoration, can reduce runoff into rivers,

increase fertility, ground water level and can mitigate climate change impacts.

● Rainwater harvesting: currently the household and buildings 3000 m2 are instructed to use a

rainwater harvesting mechanism. The extension into buildings of 750 m2 newly constructed

can also follow this procedure which results in recharging. The Gram Panchayat and

municipalities shall take the responsibility.

● Forest strengthening- the district having a vast area of forest and which influences the

precipitation, evapotranspiration and groundwater level and control over soil erosion; the

deforestation and forest fires triggering effects can be mitigated by effective forest

strengthening program by the forest department.

● Another climatic impact noted is the change of coffee varieties; the shaded coffee varieties

replaced by open coffee varieties, drastically removed the moisture content.

● Natural varieties of vegetation for strengthening streams, working by reducing soil erosion

and storing water content.

● Large mass of unutilized government land can convert into water bodies

● Landslide caution: restrict constructions on slopes, and natural vegetation restoration through

social forestry and Grama Panchayath programmes

● Kabani basin- from Thondernad-Perikallure, the watershed protection can be implemented by

natural vegetation and proper eco restoration

● Forest- water body construction can solve the trespassing of wild animals to the human

settlements or crop lands during water shortage. And this can act as a mass water storage

mechanism and also supports forest strengthening.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Rehabilitation Measures

● Special attention to Palakolly-Pulpally, Kattathodu- Noolpuzha tribal colonies which

identified as vulnerable to severe flood due to location centric specialties.

● Critical facilities include permanent infrastructure for rehabilitation shelters are

recommended to these recognized places.

● Identification of frequent disaster-prone areas and building permanent infrastructures for

rehabilitation shelters are accountable as one of the strong capacities that place gained. At the

same time the utilization of them as resource centers in peace time in each taluk shall be

capable of adding more capacities.

● Warehouses: are very relevant to the district. Currently no supplies are readily available. The

change of policy in this matter can solve so many issues during an emergency. Storing

facility in buildings for perishable and non-perishable item should be in immediate

consideration (capacity suggestion: for 3 years, for 100 persons for 5 days)

● Fixed supply from PDS-buffer stock system

● Accessibility of relief assistance should be taken in priority to list out the types of support

and the nearest point of availability in the case of a special location of this district which has

the neighborhood of two states.

● Implementation of important mitigation infrastructure measures

● Psychosocial recovery services- using the resource of experts belonging to the district

administration inclusive of Committed Social Workers

● Support mechanism and communication system development between different sector

Reconstruction after a disaster is a major task, which shall assimilate the lessons learned from the

disaster in designing and rebuilding a disaster resilient district. With the immense support from the

State Government, the DDMA is progressing steadily towards rebuilding the Disaster Resilient

Wayanad. The South West Monsoon had its toll on every walk of life in the district. Flood and

landslides hit the district with unprecedented severity and gravity. However, all the disastrous

events were tactfully and effectively managed. The reconstruction phase has also started and is

progressing at a very good pace.

In reconstruction, the main aspects to be given importance are,

● Ensure disaster risk reduction in the rebuild plan.

● Ensure disaster resilience.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

● Ensure that the reconstruction is done in an environment friendly manner, so as to minimize

the impact on natural resources and minimize land disturbances.

● Those areas which witnessed landslide or landslip or land fissure or land subsidence shall be

utilized for further constructions, only after assessing hazards and ensuring safety.

● Ensure that the aspirations of the local/affected community are given due weightage in design

and implementation.

● Ensure participation of people and Local Self Government in the reconstruction process.

All these aspects are of very much importance, so as to ensure the reconstruction of a Disaster

Resilient Society.

The reconstruction is not limited to civil construction works, but it includes under its ambit, a much

broader activity which shall include the following among others.

● Strengthening of the Government and non-government sectors for managing the disasters.

● Societal empowerment

● Livelihood Strengthening

● Design, adoption and implementation of alternative and environment friendly options in the

field of construction, waste management, livelihood, tourism, forest management, natural

resource utilization etc.

● Incorporating disaster proofing and disaster management modules into sustainable

development projects.

● Ensuring resource availability and proper mobilization for use in future disastrous events.

● Ensuring proper conservation of environment features so as to minimize and avoid natural

disasters.

● Development of safe cost effective and disaster resilient habitation models.

Emerging environmental issues and risks

The unique and peculiar geographic and ecological features and sensitivities of the district can create

risks. These risks can trigger natural disasters. Such risks get further severity, if the activities

undertaken by individuals or society or government agencies attain such a state that the disturbances

to geographic and ecological features are so high to trigger a disaster. In such circumstances, proper

regulatory or prohibitory measures need to be taken.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Removal of canopy and cutting of hills are two major activities, which shall be regulated in strict

sense, according to the relevant statutes. It is felt that further regulations are required on these two

activities; action under Disaster Management Act shall also be taken.

An example of the impact of the geographic feature of Wayanad in its disaster profile can be found

in the Drought in Wayanad. The average rainfall of Wayanad is 3000 mm. However, because of the

terrain specifics, this water gets discharged promptly in normal rain conditions. This high-speed

drain of rain water results in drought in the subsequent months.

It shall also be noted that there are very visible variations and undulations in the rainfall pattern of

the district. The year 2016 witnessed a 53% shortfall from the annual average figure. On the other

hand, in 2018, the rainfall exceeded the average figure by leaps and bounds. Thus, the indicators of

climate change effects are getting more and more visible. These variations trigger unexpected

change in climate conditions, which has a direct hearing on Agricultural productivity. As agriculture

is one of the mainstays of livelihood of the population of Wayanad, these factors affect their lives in

a disastrous way.

Rainfall of 3000 mm, can be well contained by the district, without causing any damage or serious

disasters, provided that the rainfall is well distributed evenly all over the monsoon months plus a

little surplus during the summer season. Such rainfalls can be very well accommodated within the

geographical features of the district. However, the rainfalls, which have severe intensity change and

skewness in its distribution over months, can cause major disastrous events such as the ones

witnessed during the floods and landslides of August 2018. Such skewness in distribution can be

expected in future also, owing to the global Climate Change Scenarios. Enough precautionary

measures are to be deployed to successfully manage such events. Special attention needs to be paid

to the perils which can arise from such heavily skewed rainfall such as increase in runoff resulting in

soil erosion and preventing penetration of water to soil.

The lowering of the water table immediately after the rainfall indicates the possibility of high void

formations and soil piping. These indicators shall also be considered and properly provided for,

while designing Sustainable Development activities. The flood during the south west monsoon of

2018, has demonstrated various types of rainfalls with intensity, duration, and size of drops. The

western ghat has already been declared as prone to flash floods and cloudbursts. The spell of last

and first hours of august 8th and 9th raised the scale up to 445mm. Minor hail storms in the summer

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

shower are also notable. In 2017 also hail storms occurred in the district, which resulted in severe

crop damages.

The land damage incidents can be classified into three categories:

(i) Landslide

(ii) Landslide/mudslide

(iii) Land subsidence.

A total number of 278 such incidents had taken place in Wayanad. In addition, thousands of minor

cases of mud slips were also noted across the length and breadth of the district.

The removal of mass quantities of vegetation is seen influencing the rise of day time temperature in

the district. Massive attempts for afforestation need to be devised and implemented. Presence of

invader species of plants in the forests and other areas of the district need also be taken care of

properly. Human wildlife conflicts can also be minimized by strengthening the natural environment

of forests and ensuring free and safe abodes for wild animals. The earthquake is another important

potential hazard here, and the district has been listed in the seismic zone of III with moderate

damage risk (MSK VII, mapped IS-1893 (Part I) – 2002 BIS).

Most of the landslide prone areas identified in the district align around the Bavali fault. In a

landslide, masses of rock, earth or debris move down a slope. In general, landslides can be activated

by storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires and human modification of land. When a mass

movement of plates happens, the impact would be very severe, due to the slopes having different

land use patterns. The presence of quarrying activities can also cause landslides. Imbalances

occurred between the geomorphic features like mountains and water bodies, and other land types by

activities including mining, quarrying etc can end up in landslide or earthquake. For example, the

cracks made by the use of explosives while quarrying into a harmful depth of the location will

trigger rockslides even in very low magnitudes of shaking. In the case of Wayanad, the possibility

of temblors can accelerate landslides.

Interruption of streams due to various reasons also intensifies landslide risk. Any activity through

which massive volumes of water is stored on high lying areas shall be undertaken only after

conducting proper Hazard-Risk-Vulnerability assessment.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Promotion of owner Driven approach

In an owner driven approach, the prioritization of needs and the decision-making are in the hands of

the affected families, giving them ownership of their project. Owner driven does not imply that the

affected family should provide construction labor, but it requires that they manage the reconstruction

with technical assistance. Owner driven projects are defined by three fundamental requirements:

1. Participatory process of decision-making,

2. Adequate technical support, and

3. Adequate financial assistance.

How the beneficiaries or communities participate, the extent of the technical support provided and

the amount and distribution mechanism of the financial assistance should be determined based on

detailed field assessments including assessments of the capacity of families and communities to

manage the process. The owner driven approach has been successful in Wayanad ever since the 2018

disaster.

Recovery Program

Short-term recovery Program: The “recovery” component of emergency management is more

complex than the other components of Disaster Management and involves a much larger group of

diverse stakeholders with sometimes-conflicting objectives.

Recovery measures include the following:

● The development, coordination, and execution of service- and site-restoration plans for the

community affected.

● The resumption of Government operations and services as far as earlier

● Individual, private-sector, nongovernmental, and public assistance programs to provide

housing and to promote restoration of the community in a unified manner.

● Long-term care and treatment of affected persons

● Additional measures for social, political, environmental, and economic restoration

● Scientific evaluation of the incident to identify lessons learned

● Post-incident reporting and documentation

● Development of initiatives to mitigate the effects of future incidents

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

As a short-term approach, the people will be given temporary shelters in case they have another

source of accommodation until it gets cleared.

Long term recovery Program:

Recovery

challenges

Small scale

event

Normal disaster Catastrophic event

Social and

psychological

needs

Usually short-

term effect;

opportunity to

involve Local

Level agencies

in proactive

response

Probably short-term

effect, but stress

debriefing and

counselling should be

made available

Potential for significant

impact on employees and

staff and on families

Housing Dozens of

homes with

minor damage;

weaker

structures badly

damaged; up to

1.5 years for

recovery.

Thousands affected;

most residents able to

set up home in 1-2

years. State

Government and local

self-governments are

able to handle most

housing with help from

the voluntary sector.

Massive and widespread

losses; hundreds of

homes destroyed or

damaged;3-6 years

anticipated for recovery.

Economic sector Limited impact

to economic

sectors.

Larger businesses

return most quickly;

smaller businesses

challenged to return.

Massive disruption to

employees and

businesses; small

businesses unlikely to

return; all businesses hit

heavily.

Environment Minimal impact;

opportunity to

improve tree

density, address

stormwater,

increase public

awareness

Opportunity to

significantly improve

local environmental

conditions: increase

open space, preserve

floodplains, consider

density transfers.

Massive damage,

undermining local

ecosystems; disasters

often aggravate by

neglect to the

environment before

disaster.

Infrastructure

and lifelines

Usually a rapid

return.

Up to years depending

on the event; most

resources quickly

recover.

Months to years to repair

roads, bridges, hospitals

and other key institutions;

some never recover.

Table 48: Long term recovery

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Matrix for both short term and long-term recovery program

S.no Task Dept/Agenc

y

Activities Time

/Peri

od

Cost Source of

Fund

1 Housing

reconstruc

tion

Revenue

Dept/NGO

Identifying

beneficiary

/location,

categorization,

0-12

Mont

hs

As per

GO

SDRF/NDRF

/NGO

2 Economic

sector

Local Self

Government,

Industries

Dept.

Assessment

prelim and

Final,

categorization

0-5

Mont

hs

As per

GO

SDRF/NDRF

/NGO

3 Environm

ent

LSGI, Soil

Conservatio

n, Geologist,

Town

Planning

Scientific

Assessment,

local level

discussions, s,

Planning

1-20

Mont

hs

As per

GO

SDRF/NDRF

/NGO

Table 49: Matrix for both short term and long-term recovery

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Puthumala Landslide: Success Story

Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Recovery Measures

Puthumala is a beautiful hilly village located in Vythiri Taluk, Meppadi Grama Panchayat, and

now it is a scar of a disaster. The small place

is situated about 12 kilometers away from

Meppadi and the area has only one road to

access the main nearby town. Even though

the district had to witness a disastrous

landslide in 2019, the DDMA is successfully

involved in the relief, reconstruction and

rehabilitation measures in the area.

“A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a

slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope

movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. The term "landslide"

encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows.

These are further subdivided by the type of geologic material (bedrock, debris, or

earth). Debris flows (commonly referred to as mudflows or mudslides) and rock falls

are examples of common landslide types.

Almost every landslide has multiple causes, including factors that increase the effects

of down-slope forces and factors that contribute to low or reduced strength.

Landslides can be initiated in slopes already on the verge of movement by rainfall,

changes in water level, stream erosion, and changes in groundwater, earthquakes,

volcanic activity, disturbance by human activities, or any combination of these

factors”

Wayanad is a typical place where the entire stretch from North-South and West are

accommodating huge hills. The valleys and hills are moderately utilized for farming purposes

because of their high-yielding soil structure. Most of the region is marked as a high hazard

zone/susceptible landslide. Therefore, every high-intensity rainfall in the hills is a nightmare for

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

the residents.

On 8 August 2019, afternoon 3 pm, a massive landslide caused widespread destruction at

Puthumala of Meppadi Grama Panchayath. This landslide resulted in

Death 17

Injury 56

Land damage 170 Ha

Livestock 1509

Total house damage 96

The Role of Various agencies during and after the disaster

There are a number of field departments also effectively involved in the process of Rescue,

Evacuation and relocation of the families. The Local Self Government of Meppadi, Tribal, Forest,

and Soil Conservation, Geology, PWD, KSEB, Animal Husbandry are the leading departments

along with the Revenue department in the forefront.

Medical Team field activities

First aid and further assistance Referel to critial care

Police/fire/NDRF/Army field activities

Immediate Evacuation Rescue and shifting

DEOC receiving the information

Dissemination Activation of IRS

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

On that particular day, the DEOC received a distress call from some people about the unusual

vibrations. The people were immediately shifted to safer locations and the evacuation had been

guided by the Local Self Government and Revenue department.

The incident occurred at 3.30 on 08/08/2019 and it was massive and instantly killed 17 people

who were about to escape from the

stream/roadside. The mud and water destroyed

96 houses, wiped out agriculture land, livestock

etc in a matter of a second.

A temporary shelter started functioning at

Kalladi Mukham and forest office at Kalladi for

the first day. There were about 300-400 people

stuck without anything in hand including

children and pregnant women. There was

extreme heavy rain in the entire region for the day and continued without any sign of going down.

The entire region was under threat due to the heavy rainfall. The army and NDRF could not reach

the site on the same night as the roads were collapsed by frequent mud slips. The region was cut

off from the rest of the world for 24 hours.

The early morning of 09/08/2019, a team of Army, NDRF and more police and fire forces reached

the site and started clearing the roads for vehicle movement. The local people were in constant

alert and trying their level best to support the forces in the field. The rescue teams arrived at the

location at about 9 am and started searching immediately. The District Collector, Sub Collector,

mananthavady, District Police Chief were present and controlled the entire operation.

The rescue workers pulled dead bodies from the debris and released the bodies to the families

soon after the identification and medical procedure. In the next few weeks, the operation

puthumala continued and identified about 12 bodies and 5 persons are still missing. The Kerala

State Government has issued compensation for all the 17 families who lost family members.

The search operation continued for more than two weeks under the guidance of Shri. Umesh NSK,

IAS, Sub Collector of Mananthavady. He used to brief the Army, NDRF and other forces

everyday to formulate search plans and evaluation. The briefing helped the person in the field as

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

well as the general public to have a better understanding about it.

The crown of the landslide was a little higher and was 2 kilometers away from the site of damage

at Puthumala. The debris flew down with a great velocity and caused widespread destruction, the

labor shelters, individual houses, shops,anganwadi etc.

The rehabilitation process began soon after the initial search for the dead bodies. About 300

families were sheltered in a

Government High School for weeks.

The concerned Tahsildar of Vythiri

Taluk had conducted field study and

assessed the damage. Around 46

families were selected to receive the

compensation of about 100000 (Ten

Lakh) and were provided with land to

construct houses. The remaining 50

families opted to be a part of the

centralized rehabilitation project with the partnership of Mathrubhumi Charitable Trust and other

CSR support. The beneficiaries were given 400000 (four lah) as a part of compensation from the

government to construct the houses in the land identified and donated by NGO support. The

project has been named as HARSHAM (Happiness and Resilience Shared across Meppadi) and

the construction is progressing. The project will be completed by October 2021.

The Coordination between the departments, involvement of NGO, CBO, Other agencies, technical

support from national agencies, become the key components visible in this story. The DDMA

played a crucial role and was effective in decision making and was successful in carrying out

effective rehabilitation and reconstruction projects. The area hit by disaster is currently banned for

any types of construction until and unless it is fit for it.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Progress for Puthumala

victims at Poothakolly

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 9

Financial Resources for implementation of

DDMP

The State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF), constituted under Section 48 (1) (a) of the Disaster

Management Act, 2005, is the primary fund available with State Governments for responses to

notified disasters. The Central Government contributes 75% of SDRF allocation for the state. The

annual Central contribution is released in two equal installments as per the recommendation of the

Finance Commission. SDRF shall be used only for meeting the expenditure for providing immediate

relief to the victims.

Disaster (s) covered under SDRF: Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm,

landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves and other declared pandemic.

Local Disaster: A State Government may use up to 10 percent of the funds available under the

SDRF for providing immediate relief to the victims of natural disasters that they consider to be

‘disasters’ within the local context in the State and which are not included in the notified list of

disasters of the Ministry of Home Affairs subject to the condition that the State Government has

listed the State specific natural disasters and notified clear and transparent norms and guidelines for

such disasters with the approval of the State Authority, i.e., the State Executive Authority (SEC).

Presently there are no special funds available with DDMA for the implementation of DDMP. The

plan is being prepared within the system without special allocation of funds from either State

Government or Central Government. Though there are special funds received for the projects

envisaged in the DDMP in particular.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Tribal DM Plan: However, there is a fund allocated for the development of Tribal DM Plan in

Wayanad. The estimated cost for the implementation of the project is 7 lakhs. The project is ongoing

and will be completed by 2021 December.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

CHAPTER 10

Procedure and methodology for monitoring,

evaluation updation, and maintenance of

DDMP

Monitoring and evaluation is very crucial to the disaster management plan, as it works as a quality

improvement process, which DDMA will use to monitor, measure and assess the performance of the

plan. Similarly, the evaluation will identify the strengths and weaknesses of the disaster mitigation

plans done according to DDMP and will enable practical lessons that could improve the overall plan.

DDMA Wayanad, see's monitoring and evaluation as critical to formulating and revising the policies

and refining the strategies of the DDMP plan.

Authority for maintaining and reviewing the DDMP

Annual maintenance and review of the DDMP will be done by the District Disaster Management

Authority of the Wayanad district. The review team will carefully assess the need for any major

changes in operational activities based on the disaster reports, including lessons learned from

training, workshops, and based on the previously failed disaster management activities. Regular

amendments will be made considering the changes in the demography of the population, disaster

profile and geo-political environment of the district. The team will also update the DDMP

incorporating the technological development or innovations in identifying or mitigating any potential

hazard. DDMA will also monitor and evaluate the progress and working of already implemented

activities mentioned in the action plan and will include the stakeholders during the analysis. DDMA

is the authority are responsible for maintaining and reviewing the DDMP.

Monitoring and evaluation of the DDMP

Monitoring and evaluation will be done through regular meetings and discussion with different

stakeholders. A web portal will be used integrating technological advances to constantly monitor and

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

update the data. Feedbacks, reports, and recommendations will be collected from all the relevant

stakeholders on a need basis.

Post-disaster evaluation mechanism for DDMP

Post disaster evaluation is done by DDMA by formulating a post disaster need assessment data after

setting up emergency meetings including all the stakeholders from the affected area. On the basis of

data collected a need-based analysis is to be done to assist people accommodating their needs. The

data collected is further forwarded to the state as a memorandum to receive the funding and benefits.

Schedule for updating of DDMP

DDMA will conduct an annual meeting of stakeholders to update the DDMP. The update will be

based on the evaluation of the data collected, from the local stakeholders and will include the

recommendations and amendments needed. Portals including the updated plans will be updated in

real time based on the data collected from the stakeholders.

DDMA

Wayanad

Municipality

Level

Village Level

Grama

Panchayat

Level

Taluk Level

Fig 9: System of monitoring and updating of

DDMP

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Mock drills

Mock drills at district and sub district levels are conducted annually as per the approved mock drill

calendar designed by the DDMA. The mock drills will be tailored as per the population size and will

enable the parties to understand the needs of the vulnerable communities. Mock Drills are also a way

to test the efficacy of the program plans prepared by the DDMA. Based on the feedback and lessons

learned from the drill sessions, DDMA, will work on developing and amending the plan in order to

improve the efficacy and fill the gaps. While indicating the mock drill plan of action, it is essential to

list down

The responsible parties for organizing district

drills

DDMA, Fire and Rescue, NDRF

Schedule for organizing drills DDMA, Fire and Rescue

Resources for organizing drills LSGI

Monitoring and gap evaluation

For conducting proper gap evaluation, personnel involved in execution of DDMP are trained and

updated on the latest skills necessary in line with the updated plans. Workshops and training

programs will be conducted on the need basis in order to conduct the capacity building among the

staff members and to stakeholders. This will be properly evaluated and updated at DDMA level.

After understanding the gaps, the necessary training sessions will be provided on a need basis.

Similarly, on –site /off-site emergency plans of major chemical, industrial and nuclear installations

will be gathered and monitored upon by the DDM.

DDMP Projects to be Strengthened

Priorities Programs Main Concerns

Capacity building ● Training for construction

workers (Masons, engineer

etc).

● School DM Club

Need to strengthen

Public Awareness and Wash and Sanitation Regular communication

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Education • Identification of vulnerable

community

• RRT Training

Hazard Vulnerability

Assessment • Village level updation of

vulnerability

Regular Updation

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 11

Coordination Mechanism for implementation

of DDMP

Intra and inter-Department coordination with horizontal linkages

Preparation Objectives Action Initiated by

Regular DDMA Meetings Regular assessment

Monitoring and evaluation of

current initiatives

DDMA

Mock drills Preparedness for disaster

management

DDMA, Fire and Rescue,

NDRF.

Inter-department meeting Updating their respective

progress in terms of disaster

preparedness

Data collection and

dissemination

Inventory Updation

DEOC

Table 50: Intra and inter-Department coordination

Wayanad DDMA has an established structure for the disaster preparedness measure taken by the

government. However, coordination between the department and the various stakeholders are very

important for the implementation of the disaster management and mitigation plans during the

disaster. Proactive coordination among the different departments acts as a strong base in achieving

effective disaster management activities in the district. The district disaster emergency responses are

rooted in community participation and other trained volunteers are employed in order to help the

officials while doing the mitigation activities. In the district level District Disaster Management

Authority heads the system, which is in charge of disseminating the information to the other vertical

and horizontal linkages as shown below. Various nodal officers are assigned for disaster

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

management as Revenue & Disaster Management, Hydro-meteorological & geological disasters,

Home: Road & rail accident, Health & Family Welfare: Chemical, biological, radiological & nuclear

disasters, Factories & Boilers Dept., Dept. of Industries and the industry: Industrial accidents,

Agriculture: Pest attacks, Animal Husbandry: Cattle epidemics, Water resources: Dam break, Public

Works: Building collapse and Forests: Forest Fire Airport: Air accidents.

Fig 10: Vertical linkage of DDMA

Coordination among government & non-government Organizations

Coordination systems established among the community Groups and local NGOs are regulated

through the centralized inter agency groups present in the district capital. This system is established

in order to strengthen and ease the communication and the partnership between local non-

governmental organizations and governmental organizations. The collaborative efforts of IAG can

strengthen the coordination and effective working of the disaster management team. IAG, being a

multi stakeholder platform at district level can facilitate collaboration and coordination among

different actors and government agencies working in a community. Below given is the flowchart on

the district level coordination between the NGOs, CBOs, Self Help Groups (SHGs) and industries.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Fig 11: Coordination mechanism with govt & non govt with horizontal and vertical linkages

Coordination among the DDMA and the community

In order to have a proper coordination in field level activities, there are special tasks force (Sannadha

Sena) formed and each Local Self Government is maintaining, controlling, and guiding them during

the crisis. Special task forces are particularly trained volunteers selected from the community to

carry out community-based risk mitigation activities during a disaster. Selecting skilled members

within the community who have critical knowledge, experience and capacities with regards to

building resilience will positively impact the mitigation activities. This vertical coordination

linkage among the DDMA and the community is shown as below,

Fig 12: Vertical coordination linkage among the DDMA and the community

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Coordination between DDMA and Neighboring districts

A proper coordination system is also in place among the DDMA and the neighboring districts and

states for carrying out prompt mitigation and risk reduction activities. In Wayanad district one of the

important focus points is the Beechanhalli dam aka Kabini Dam which is situated in the neighboring

Mysore District of Karnataka. The Dam has built across Kabini River and possible reason for

inundation in the shores of tributary areas especially in the parts of Mananthavady Taluk. Hence the

DDMA is in constant contact with the dam authority in Karnataka and Mysore District

administration. Similarly, the DDMA is also in contact with the authorities from the nearby disaster-

prone areas such as The Nilgiris, Chamarajanagar, and Kodaku etc.

Finally, the DDMA is also well coordinated with the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority,

as a part of data dissemination and collection within the district and state level. The DDMA also

receives training and other technical assistance from the state.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Chapter 12:

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and

checklist

Standard operating procedures & checklists for various departments

It is necessary that all the departments have well defined standard operating procedures and

preparedness checklists. The district magistrate must circulate the standard operating procedure

among the departments, and ask for compliance of the preparedness measures in the District

Disaster management authority meeting. It is absolutely important that all the departments are

very familiar with the overall plan and the procedures specifically applicable to them and report

diligently upon the implementation.

Standard Operating Procedures should be modified and improved upon in light of changing

circumstances. The District Magistrate should encourage all the departments to suggest changes in

these procedures with a view to enhance the effectiveness of the District Disaster Management

Plan. The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of various departments at district level and given

as under:

Standard Operating Procedures for Revenue Department:

In-charge Officer: District Magistrate/ADM

1. Convene the meetings of District Disaster Management Authority.

2. Update the District Disaster Management Plan Quarterly.

3. Maintain and activate the District and Sub-divisional Control Rooms.

4. Establish communications with all stakeholders for purpose of receiving and sending

warning and information exchange through district control room.

5. Establish warning systems between the local to district level and with media.

6. Ensure laying down construction norms for all types of buildings and infrastructure.

7. Ensure identification of safe places for establishment to relief camps and confirming

their suitability.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

8. Appoint In-charge Officers of Response base

9 . Ensure damage and need assessment through teams formed through

concerned departments.

10. Check upon inventory of resources

11. Ensure capacity building of the community and all departmental staff.

12. Ensure to establish and manage relief camps through lifeline departments.

13. Call for emergency meeting to take stock of the situation. Develop a strategy and

objectives.

14. Check the supply of food grains through the Public Distribution System.

15. Prepare a list of relief items to be distributed

16. Seek tenders/quotations for all the relief items and fix the rates and suppliers

17. Ensuring to create and pre-dominate teams, transport, material and equipment for

responding to the disaster incident.

18. Prepare a transportation plan for supply of relief items

19. Convene meetings of NGOs, Youth Clubs, Self Help Groups, etc. in the district, and

assign them specific responsibilities for relief, recovery and rehabilitation

20. Constitute/activate Village–Level Preparedness Teams with the help of PRIs, local

NGOs, and revenue officials

21. Prepare an evacuation plan for the villages which devastated

22. Prepare a list of temporary shelters, and check upon their suitability for

accommodating people.

23. Ensure disposal of dead bodies and carcasses through Police, Medical, NGOs,

Public Health and Forest Department.

24. Ensure general cleaning of the entire city area through water and sanitation,

Municipal Corporation, Public Health Department, etc.

25. Ensure collation of expense accounts for sanctions and audits.

26. Activation of help lines through police and health departments and district public

relations office.

27. Ensure preparation of rehabilitation plan for displaced population through Town and

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Country Planning, ULBs/PRIs, etc.

28. Ensure disbursal of Compensation.

29. If any warning gets from central agencies or their advice, prepare for evacuation plan

for population from dangerous place.

32. Coordinate with Army, Indian Air Force, and Navy for support towards recue,

evacuation and relief.

33. Commence functioning of IRS and ESF systems.

34. Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the staff to man their

places of duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective departments.

35. Ensure that panic does not occur.

36. Activate all emergency communications.

37. Ensure Provision of Nutritional aspects of food for disaster victims

Standard Operating Procedures for the Police

In-charge Officer: Superintend of Police

1. Identify Disaster Prone area in the district

2. Prepare a Deployment Plan for the Police force, based on the needs of the most

vulnerable areas.

3. Ensure that a sufficient number of police force is available for responding to the disaster

situation.

4. Within the affected sub-division, all available personnel will be made available to the

Deputy Commissioner. If more personnel are required, the out of station officers or those

on leave may be recalled.

5. All district level officials of the Police Department must be asked to report to the Deputy

Commissioner.

6. Constitute ‘Search & Rescue’ Teams from the Police force, and arrange training for these

units. There should be at least one Search and Rescue Team for every district. However,

some of the district may have more than one ‘Search and Rescue Team’ depending upon

the area and magnitude of disaster.

7. Establish coordination with the State Armed Police and Defense and Home Guards.

8. Check the wireless communication network, and secure additional wireless sets for

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

deployment during a disaster.

9. Installation of radio communications at

a. District Control Room, Deputy Commissioner and SP Office

b. Control room at affected site.

c. Departmental Offices within the District & Division

10. Keep the police vehicles and other modest transport in readiness for deployment of

the police.


objectives.

12. The SP will ensure that all field staff and stationed officers submit the necessary

action reports to control room.

13. Review and update precautionary measures and procedures and review with staff the

precautions that have been taken to protect equipment.

14. Provide guards wherever needed particularly for staging area of cooperative food etc.

stores and distribution centers.

15. Evacuation will be ordered by District Magistrate/Additional District Magistrate, and

Superintendent of Police.

16. Under appropriate security, Law and Order, the evacuation of community and

livestock should be undertaken with assistance from community leaders.

17. All evacuation must be reported to District Magistrate/ Deputy Commissioner and Senior

Superintendent of Police immediately.

18. Dispatch Police to systematically identity and assist people and communities in life-

threatening situation.

19. Designate an area, within Police Station to be used as help line center for public.

20. With the assistance of health professional, help injured people and assist the community

in organizing emergency transport of seriously injured to medical treatment centers.

21. Ensure that the police stations with staff are functioning in disaster situation.

22. Assist and encourage the community in road-cleaning operation.

23. Assess and Identify Road for following conditions one way blocked alternate route

24. Overall Traffic Management other access roads

25. Organize training and mock-drill for police officer to handle disaster/crisis situation.

26. Provide security in transit and relief camps, affected villages, hospitals, and medical

centers and identify areas to be cordoned off.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

27. Transport carrying transit passengers (that is, passengers travelling through trains or

buses and passing through the district) should be diverted away from the affected area.

28. Ensure security of installations.

29. Provide security arrangements for visiting VVIPs and VIPs.

30. Assist district authorities to take necessary action against Hoarders, Black Marketers

and those found manipulating relief material.

31. In conjunction with other government offices, activate a public helpline to:

32. Respond to personal inquiries about the safety of relatives in the affected areas;

33. Respond to the many specific needs that will be given.

34. Serve as a rumor control center.

35. Confidence building among the public.

36. Make officers available to inquire into and record deaths, as there is not likely to be time

or personal available, to carry out Standard Post-mortem Procedures.

37. Monitor the needs and welfare of people sheltered in relief camps.

38. Establish coordination with the Fire Services.

39. Coordinate with military service personnel in the area.

40. Adequate Security to International Agencies/Countries personnel for Search & Rescue,

Medical Assistance and Security for their relief material and equipments etc.

41. Manage Traffic/Crowd. Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the

staff to man their places of duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective

departments.

Standard Operating Procedures for Irrigation Department

In-charge Officer: Superintendent Engineer, Irrigation

1. Prepare and update the disaster risk map of the district. The map should show the

vulnerability and risks of the critical infrastructure related to irrigation and also whether

alternate source of water within the district.

2. Prepare a contingency plan for the maintenance and repairs of Bundhs and embankments.

3. Officials of the department at district level would be asked to report as per IRS plan.

4. All personnel required for IRS and other activities should work under the overall

supervision and guidance of Deputy Commissioner.

5. Review and update precautionary measures and procedures.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

6. Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the staff to man their places

of duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective departments.

7. Check the wireless network connecting flood stations and undertake necessary repairs.

8. Set up the protocol for exchange of information with Flood Control Rooms at State,

National levels.

9. Set up the protocol for reporting of flood situation to the District Magistrate /

District Control Room.

10. Establish radio communications with District Control Room, Department offices.

11. Identify Bundhs, which are critical for disaster protection and control.

12. Prepare a list of critical Bundhs, which need repairs and reinforcement after the last

floods. Submit a list of these Bundhs to the District Magistrate and the state government,

and ask for necessary financial allocation.

13. Commence repairs of critical Bundhs in the month of January every year after surveying

the damages of floods/disaster last year, and ensure that all the repairs are completed in

the month of May.

14. Provide special attention to those places where the Bundhs were breached and repaired

during the last floods/disaster last year. These are the Bundhs, which will be threatened

first, when the floods approach.

15. Undertake channel improvement for rivers and canals to the extent possible. Undertake

de-silting / cleaning of channels and canals to improve the flow of water.

16. Check all the channels and regulators on the Bundhs and canals. Clean siphons before

the monsoon. Increase their capacity or replace them if the size of siphons and regulators

is too small to prevent water from flowing in.

17. Keep in readiness essential tool kits and protection material at critical places for

emergency deployment. These may include:

➢ Empty Cement Bags

➢ Boulders

➢ Ropes

➢ Sand

➢ Wire mesh

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

➢ Shovels

➢ Baskets

➢ Lights

➢ First Aid Kit

14. Organize round the clock inspection and repair of :

➢ Bunds

➢ Dams

➢ Irrigation channel

➢ Bridges

➢ Outlets

➢ Control gates

➢ Overflow channels

15. The emergency tool kits with each technical assistant should be checked.

16. Organize round the clock inspection and repair of:

➢ Pumps

➢ Generators

➢ Motor equipment

➢ Station building

17. Designate one officer posted at exposed areas as an Emergency Officer subject to the

condition that he is well aware of Floods/Disaster, and its effects

18. The inlet and outlet of lakes & reservoirs should be inspected to ensure that waterways

are unobstructed by trees or vegetation

19. Any repairs/under construction activity should be well secured with sand bags, rock

falls, etc.

20. Materials likely to be damaged by rains, such as concrete in bags, electric motors, office

records, etc should be covered with plastic and well secured, even though stored inside

21. Check all the rain-gauge stations and ensure that they are function properly. Check

that the readings from these stations are available immediately to the Irrigation

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Department. Prescribe a register for recording of rainfall.

22. Check all the rain-gauge stations and ensure that they are function properly. Check

that the readings from these stations are available immediately to the Irrigation

Department. Prescribe a register for recording of rainfall.

Field Office Priorities:

Continue round the clock inspection and repair of bunds, dams, and irrigation channels bridges

culverts, control gates and overflow channels etc.

Continue round the clock inspection and repair of pumps, generators, motor equipment and

station buildings.

➢ Clearing the inlet and outlet to lake or reservoirs to ensure that waterways are

unobstructed by trees or vegetation on an on-going basis.

➢ Information formats and monitoring checklist should be used for programme monitoring

and development and for reporting to Emergency Operations Centre (EOC). This is in

addition to existing reporting system in the department.

Standard Operating Procedures for Health Department

In-charge officer: Chief Medical Officer

1. Prepare Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Map of the District.

2. Prepare a health contingency plan for the district. It should include a list of government

hospitals, primary health centers and sub-centers, and medical personnel. The contingency

plan should also include the details of hospitals and medical practitioners in the private

sector.

3. All personnel required for management of disaster should work under the overall

supervision and guidance of District magistrate/Additional. District magistrate

4. Based on HVR analyses, obtain a list of Response Base from the District magistrate’s

office, and assign the medical personnel to each of these Response Bases to the extent

possible. Keep essential medicines and first aid facilities with each Response Base.

5. Constitute mobile response units consisting of a doctor, health workers and ANMs, and

prepare a deployment plan. Each mobile health unit will cover at least one Response Base

in a day.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

6. Review and update precautionary measures and procedures,

7. Review with staff, the precautions that have been taken to protect equipments.

8. Determine type of injuries/illness expected and drugs and other medical items required

and accordingly ensure that extra supplies of medical items are obtained quickly.

9. Provide information to all health staff about the disaster, likely damages and effects and

information about way to protect life, equipment and property.

10. Non ambulatory patients should be relocated to the safest areas within the hospital. The

safest rooms are likely to be:

a. On ground floor.

b. Rooms in the Centre of the building away from windows.

c. Rooms with concrete ceilings.

11. Dressing pads should be assembled sterilized.

12. A large enough number should be sterilized to last for four to five days.

13. Secure medical supplies in adequate quantity for dealing with these situations, which may

include:

a. Oral Rehydration Solutions

b. Chlorine Tablets

c. Bleaching Powder

d. Anti-diarrheal and Anti emetic medicines

e. Intravenous fluids

f. Suture materials

g. Surgical Dressings

h. Splints

i. Plaster Rolls

j. Disposable Needles and Syringes

k. Local Antiseptics

14. All valuable instruments such as surgical tools, ophthalmoscopes, portable sterilizers, ECG

machine, dental equipment’s, Ultra sound machine, analyzer, invertors, computer hardware

etc. should be packed in protective coverings and stored in rooms considered to be the

most damage proof.

15. Protect all immovable equipment such as X-ray machines, Sterilizer, Dental chair by

covering them with tarpaulins or polythene.

16. Ensure adequate supplies of blood in the district through District Red cross society and

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

other prominent agencies.

17. Keeps one operating facility in each Response Base in readiness. Maintain all the

equipment necessary for operations.

18. Prepare a maternity facility for pregnant women in every Response Base/ Advance

Medical Post.

19. Check stocks of equipment’s and drugs which are likely to be most needed in disaster

management. These can be categorized generally as:

20. Drugs used in treatment of wounds and fractures such as tetanus toxoid analgesics,

antibiotics, Dressing material, and Splint.

21. Drugs used for treatment of diarrhea, water borne diseases influenza malaria, infective

hepatitis.

22. Drugs required treating snake bite and fighting infection.

23. Drugs needed for detoxication including breathing equipment’s.

24. Intravenous fluids.

25. Check the emergency electrical generator to ensure that it is operational and that buffer

stock of fuel exists. If an emergency generator is not available at the hospital, arrange for

one.

26. Request central warehouse immediately to dispatch supplies likely to be needed in

hospitals, on an emergency priority basis.

27. Fill hospital water storage tanks, if no storage tanks exist; water for drinking should be

drawn in clean containers and protected.

28. Prepare an area of the hospital for receiving casualties.

29. Develop emergency admission procedures.

30. Orient field staff with standards of services, procedures including tagging;

31. Hospital administration should:

a. Establish work schedules to ensure that adequate staff is available for in patient’s

needs.

b. Organize in house emergency medical teams to ensure that adequate staff is

available at all times to handle emergency causalities.

c. Set up teams of doctors, nurses and paramedical staff as per IRS.

Field Office Priorities:

1. Transport will be arranged for transfer of seriously injured/ill patients from villages and

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

peripheral hospital to general hospitals. If roads are blocked helicopter should be

arranged by Nodal Officer.

2. Establish health facilities and treatment centers at disaster affected site.

3. Procedures should be clarified between Health Services of Govt., private and other

established at transit camps, relief camps and affected site/villages. PHCs CHCs, Civil

Hospital, Private Hospitals Blood Banks

4. Maintain check posts and surveillance at each railway stations, Bus Stands depots and all

entry and exit points of the affected area, especially during the threat or existence of an

epidemic.

5. An injury and disease monitoring system should be developed to ensure that a full

picture of health risk is maintained. Monitoring should be carried out for potable water

and quality of food and disposal of waste in transit and relief camps, feeding centers

and affected villages.

6. Plan for emergency accommodations for auxiliary staff from outside the area.

7. Information formats and monitoring checklist must be used for programme monitoring

and development and for reporting to emergency operation center at state level. This is

in addition to existing reporting system in the department

8. Establishment of a “Health Helpline” with means of communication to assist in

providing an organized source of information. The hospital is responsible for keeping

the community informed of its potential and limitations in disaster situations, list of

admitted patients and dead persons etc.

9. The local police, rescue teams and ambulance teams should be aware of the resources

of each hospital.

Standard Operating Procedures for Agriculture Department

In-charge Officer: Principal Agriculture officer

1. Prepare HRV Analysis of the district.

2. Develop Contingency Action Plan based on HRV analysis.

3. Within the affected sub-division/Tehsil all available personnel will be made available to

the District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner. If more personnel are required then, out of

station officer or those on leave may be recalled.

4. All personnel required for Disaster/Flood Management should work under the overall

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

supervision and guidance of the District Magistrate.

5. Establish communications with District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner, District Control

Room and Agriculture colleges, seed banks, nurseries (private and public) within the

division.

6. Review and update precautionary measures and procedures.

7. Check available stocks of equipment’s and materials which are likely to be most needed

during and after flood/disaster.

8. Stock agricultural equipment’s which may be required during and after flood.

9. Determine what damage, pests or disease may be expected, and what drugs and other

insecticide items will be required, in addition to requirements of setting up extension teams

for crop protection, and accordingly ensure that extra supplies and materials, be obtained

quickly.

10. All valuable equipment’s and instruments should be packed in protective coverings and

stored in room the most damage-proof.

11. All electrical equipment’s should be unplugged when flood/disaster warning is received.

12. Extension Officers should be unplugged when flood/disaster warning is received.

13. Extension Officers should be assisted to

14. Establish work schedules to ensure that adequate are available.

15. Set up teams of extension personnel and assistants for visiting disaster/flood affected sites.

16. Assess the extent of damage to soil, crop, plantation, micro-irrigation systems and storage

facilities and the requirements to salvage or replantation.

17. Provision of agricultural services should be coordinated with irrigation department,

DRDO, District EOC, site operations centers.

18. Ensure that certified seeds of required varieties are available in adequate quantities. The

Agriculture Department should work with National Seeds Corporation and other suppliers

and ensure availability at their depots or have agents appointed for the same.

19. Print and widely distribute the list of points where certified seeds are available along with

names of varieties and rates. Notices may be affixed at public places such as bus stands, on

buses themselves, PHCs, Block headquarters, Tehsils, etc.

20. Suggest variety of seeds and cropping pattern, which can reduce losses and reduce the risks

to farmers.

21. Develop a pest and disease monitoring system so that timely steps can be taken to

reduce damage to corps.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

22. Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the staff to man their

places of duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective departments.


objectives.

24. Organize transport, storage and distribution of the above with adequate record keeping

procedures.

25. Ensure that adequate conditions through cleaning operations are maintained to avoid water

logging and salinity.

26. A pests and disease monitoring system should be developed to ensure that a full picture or

risks is maintained.

27. Plan for emergency accommodations for agriculture staff from outside the area.

28. Establishment of a public information center with a means of communication, to assist in

providing an organized source of information. The department is responsible for keeping

the community informed of its potential and limitations in flood situation.

29. Assist farmers to re-establish their contacts with the agriculture produce market and ensure

that appropriate prices be offered to them.

Standard Operating Procedures for Animal Husbandry

In-Charge Officer: District Animal Husbandry Officer

1. Prepare HRV Analysis of Animal Husbandry Department of the District.

2. Based on HRV Analysis, prepare Contingency Action Plan of the District.

3. All personnel required for Disaster/Flood Management should work under supervision

and guidelines of District Magistrate/ADM.

4. Within the affected district and Sub-division, all available personnel will be made

available. If more personnel are required, then out of station officers or those on leave

may be recalled.


objectives.

6. Establish radio communications with

a. District Control Room

7. Veterinary aid centers and hospitals (including private practitioners) within the division.

8. Prepare a list of water borne diseases that are preventable by vaccination. Publicize the

information about common diseases afflicting livestock and the precautions that need to be

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

taken.

9. Assist the Revenue Department in preparing plans for cattle camps and cattle feeding

centers.

10. Stock emergency medical equipment’s which may be required during and post disaster

11. Determine what injuries/ illnesses may be expected, and what drugs and other medical

items will be required, in addition to requirements of setting up cattle camps, and

accordingly ensure that extra supplies of medical items and materials be obtained quickly.

12. Provide information to all staff of veterinary hospitals and centres about the floods, likely

damages and effects, and information about ways to protect life, equipments and

property.

13. Surgical packs should be assembled and sterilized.

14. Enough stock of surgical packs should be sterilized to last for four to five days.

15. The sterilized surgical packs must be stored in protective cabinets to ensure that they do

not get wet. Covering the stock with polythene is recommended as an added safety

measure.

16. All valuable equipment’s and instruments should be packed in protective coverings and

stored in room the most damage-proof.

17. Organize vaccination campaigns in disaster prone villages before, during and after the

disaster.

18. Prepare kits for veterinary diseases, which could be provided to veterinary doctors at the

block level and officers at the village level. Kits can also be provided to the private

veterinary doctors.

19. Check the emergency electrical generator, to ensure that it is operational, and that a buffer

stock of fuel exists. If an emergency generator is not available at the hospital, arrange for

one on loan.

20. Check stocks of equipment's and drugs which are likely to be most needed during and

after disaster.

21. Request from central warehouses, on an emergency priority basis, that those supplies likely

to be needed be dispatched to the hospital immediately.

22. Fill department vehicles with fuel and park them in a protected area.

23. Prepare an area of the hospital for receiving large number of livestock.

24. Develop emergency admission procedures (with adequate record keeping).

25. Cattle camps and hospitals administrators should.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

26. Establish work schedules to ensure that adequate staff are available.

27. Set up teams of veterinary doctors, and assistants for visiting flood affected sites.

28. Organize transfer of seriously injured livestock from villages to veterinary aid centers

wherever possible.

29. The provision of medical services should be coordinated by the District Animal

Husbandry Officer with District Control Room, and cattle camps.

30. Establish cattle camps and additional veterinary aid centers at affected sites and designate

an Officer In-charge for the camp.

31. Estimate the requirement of water, fodder and animal feed, for cattle camps and organize

the same.

32. Ensure that adequate sanitary conditions through cleaning operations are maintained in

order to avoid outbreak of any epidemic.

33. An injury and disease monitoring system should be developed, to ensure that a full

picture of risk is maintained.

34. Standard for Cattle Camps

35. The minimum number of cattle in the camp should be about 100 and the maximum 500.

36. The cattle camps should be located at suitable sites bearing in mind, that adequate

supply of water and shade are most essential for the wellbeing of the cattle.

37. Cattle sheds constructed should not exceed 20 sq. feet per animal. The

feeding centers for cattle should be located in such a manner that.

38. There is adequate supply of drinking water.

39. There is sufficient shade for cattle to rest during the afternoon.

40. They are located as near the rail head as possible.

41. They are conveniently located, not beyond a radius of 8 Km from the affected villages.

Standard Operating Procedure for Water Authority

In-Charge Officer: KWA,

1. Conduct HRV analysis of the department.

2. Based on HRV analysis, prepared Contingency Action Plan for the Department.

3. All personnel required for disaster management should work under the overall

supervision and guidance of District Magistrate/ Deputy Commissioner of the district.

4. Review and update precautionary measures and procedures and review with staff the


DDMP Wayanad, 2021

5. Within the affected tehsil, all available personnel will be made available to the concerned

officer. If more personnel are required then out of station official or those on leave may

be recalled.

6. Inform people to store an emergency supply of drinking water.

7. A standby water supply should be available in the event of damage, saline intrusion or

other pollution of the regular supply.

8. Establish procedures for the emergency distribution of water if existing supply is

disrupted.

9. Make provisions to acquire tankers and establish other temporary means of distributing

water on an emergency basis.

10. Prepare plans for water distribution to all transit and relief camps, affected villages and

cattle camps and ensure proper execution of these plans.

11. A minimum level of stock should be maintained for emergencies, and should include

extra lengths of pipe connections, joints, hydrants and bleaching powder. Adequate tools

should be on hand to carry out emergency repairs.

12. Protect pumps and motors with adequate protection (if the building is not flood-proof) to

prevent damage.

13. Make sure auxiliary generators and standby engines are in good working order.

14. Establish emergency work gangs for immediate during post-disaster repairs.

15. Investigation of alternate of water and its supply.

16. After any repair on the distribution system, the required main should be flushed and

disinfected with a chlorine solution of 50 mg/liter for a contact period of 24 hours, after

which the main is emptied and flushed again with potable water.

17. If the demand for water is urgent, or the repaired main cannot be isolated, the

concentration of the disinfecting solution may be increased to 100 mg/litre and the

contact period reduced to 1 hour.

18. At the end of disinfection operations, but before the main is put back into services,

samples should be taken for bacteriological analysis and determination of chlorine

residue.

19. Protect pump stations from water logging.

20. Repair sewage lines where damage is detected.

21. Repair water pipelines wherever damaged.

22. Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the staff to man their places of

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective departments.


objectives.

24. When a water treatment plant, pumping station, of distribution system is so badly

damaged that operation cannot be restored for some time, other methods described in the

following paragraphs must be used.

25. Water from these sources, with adequate chlorination as necessary, can be connected to a

distribution system or hauled to the points of consumption.

26. Identify unacceptable water sources and take necessary precautions to ensure that no

water is accessed from such sources, either by sealing such arrangements or by posting

the department guards.

27. Ensure that potable water supply is restored as per the standards and procedures laid

down in “Standards for Potable Water”.

28. Plan for emergency accommodations for staff from outside the area.

29. To take special measures and schemes for areas with Drinking Water Supply.

Standard Operating Procedures for Forest Department

In-Charge Officer: Divisional Forest officer

1. Conduct HRV analysis of Forest of the district.


3. All personnel required for disaster management should work under the overall

supervision and guidance of Deputy Commissioner.

4. All district level officials of the department would be asked to report to the Deputy

Commissioner when disaster occurs.

5. Open the forest land for free grazing when flood waters enter villages, and there is not

enough fodder available.

6. Allow the transportation of fodder from forest areas, when the fodder is not freely

available.

7. Provide wooden poles and bamboo for relief and reconstruction at subsidized rate.

Provide these materials to all the technical departments, which need them.

8. Ensure Plantation to maximum possible extent.

9. Ensure supply of wood for disposal of dead bodies.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021




objectives.

Standard Operating Procedures for Public Works Department

In-Charge Officer: Chief Engineer PWD (R &B)

1. Conduct HRV analysis of PWD of the district.


3. All personnel required for disaster management should work under the overall supervision

and guidance of District Magistrate/Additional District Magistrate.

4. Within the affected Sub-division, all available personnel will be made available to the

District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner. If more personnel are required then out of

station officers or those on leave may be recalled.

5. Establish radio communications with State Emergency Operations Centre, Divisional

Commissioner, District Control Room and departmental offices within the division.

6. The Officer-in-Charge-PW (B&R)” will be responsible for mobilizing staff and volunteers

to clear the roads in his section.

7. The Office In charge PW (B&R) should be familiar with pre-disaster precautions and

during and post-disaster procedures for road clearing and for defining safe evacuation

routes where necessary.

8. All officers (technical officers) should be notified and should meet the staff to review

emergency procedures.

9. Review and update precautionary measures and procedures, and review with staff the


10. Vehicles should be inspected, fuel tanks filled and batteries and electrical wiring covered

as necessary.

11. Extra transport vehicles should be dispatched from headquarters and stationed at safe

strategic spots along routes likely to be affected.

12. Heavy equipment’s, such as front-end loaders, should be moved to areas likely to be

damaged and secured in a safe place.

13. Clean the area beneath bridges regularly for smooth flow of water excess.

14. Maintain all the highways and access roads, which are critical from the point of view of

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

supplying relief.

15. Inspect all buildings and structures of the state government (including hospital buildings.)

by a senior engineer and identify structures that are endangered by the impending disaster.

16. Emergency tools kits should be assembled for each division, and should include:

a. Crosscut saws

b. Axes

c. Power chain saw with extra fuel, oil

d. Sharpening files

e. Chains and tightening wrenches

f. Pulley block with chain and rope

17. The designation of routes strategic to evacuation and relief should be identified and

marked, in close coordination with police and District Control Room.

18. Establish a priority listing of roads that will be opened first. Among the most important are

the roads to hospitals and main trunk routes.

19. Give priority attention to urgent repair works that need to be undertaken in disaster

affected areas.

20. Work under construction should be secured with ropes, sandbags and covered with

tarpaulins if necessary.

21. Emergency inspection by mechanical engineer of all plant and equipment in the district

workshops.

22. If people are evacuating an area, the evacuation routes should be checked and people

assisted.

23. Construct/ reinforce the connecting roads from villages to roads, canals and Bundhs and

raise their level so that people can access the high ground.

24. Laying down layout of roads, gardens and other response facilities from the view point of

prevention of congestions, quicker response and facilities alternative routing.

25. Inspection of old buildings and suggesting retrofitting of weak buildings/ demolition of

dangerous structures and evacuation of population.

26. Carry out route opening by removing debris on the road.

27. Identify locations for setting up transit and relief camps, feeding centers and quantity of

construction materials and inform DCR accordingly.

28. All work teams should be issued two-way communication Link.

29. Provide a work team carrying emergency tool kits, depending on the nature and extent of

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

the disaster, essential equipment’s such as.

a. Towing vehicles

b. Earth moving equipment’s

c. Cranes etc.

30. Each unit should mobilize a farm tractor with chain, and a buffer stock of fuel.

31. Adequate road signs should be installed to guide and assist the drivers.

32. Begin clearing roads. Assemble casual laborers to work with experienced staff and divide

them into work gangs.

33. Coordinate with Building and Construction Department of Zila Parishad/ADC Office.

34. Mobilize community assistance for road clearing by contacting community organizations.

35. Undertake clearing of ditches, grass cutting, burning or removal of debris, and the cutting

of dangerous trees along the roadside in the affected area through maintenance engineer’s

staff.

36. Undertake repair of all paved and unpaved road surfaces including edge metaling, pothole

patching and any failure of surface, foundations in the affected areas by maintenance

engineer’s staff and keep monitoring their conditions.

37. Undertake construction of temporary roads to serve as access to temporary transit and

relief camps, and medical facilities for flood victims.

38. As per the decisions of the District Control Room, undertake construction of temporary

structures required, for organizing relief work and construction of relief camps, feeding

centers, medical facilities, cattle camps and SITE OPERATIONS CENTREs.

39. An up-to-date report of all damage and repairs should be kept in the district office report

book and communicate the same to the District Control Room.

40. If possible, a review of the extent of damage (by helicopter) should be arranged for the

field Officer-in-Charge, in order to dispatch most efficiently road clearing crews, and

determine the equipment’s needed.

Standard Operating Procedures for KSEB

In-charge officer: Chief Engineer (Distribution)

1. Conduct HRV analysis for the department of the district.

2. Based on HRV analysis, prepare Contingency Action Plan of department of Power

Supply.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

3. All personnel required for disaster management with work under the overall supervision

and guidance of responsible officer .

4. Within the affected sub-division all available personal will be made available as per IRS

plan. If more personnel are required, then out of station officers and by those on leave

may be recalled.

5. Establish radio communications with State Emergency Operation Centre, District Control

Room and your departmental offices within /Division.

6. All district level officials of the department would be asked to report District Magistrate.

7. Ensure that the Power Supply department to make alternate arrangements of emergency

supply for the following offices from time of receipt of districts:

a. Hospitals

b. Public Health Departments

c. Deputy Commissioner Office,

d. District EOC, Sub-Divisional EOC, site Operation Centers.

e. Police Stations

f. Telecommunications buildings

g. Irrigation Office

h. Any other place if required.

i. Check emergency tool kits, assembling any additional equipment needed.

j. After receiving alert warning, immediately undertake following inspection:

k. High tension lines

l.Towers

m. Sub-stations

n. Transformers

o. Insulators

p. Poles and

q. Other equipment’s

8. Review the total extent of the damage to power supply installations.

9. Instruct staff to disconnect the main electricity supply for the affected area.

10. Protect Power Stations from disaster. Raise the height of compound walls. Install pump

sets for draining water in case of Flood/ Cyclone/ Tsunami, etc.

11. Provide information to the people about the state of power supply. It is one of the most

important sources of information.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021


objectives.

13. Hire casual laborers on an emergency basis for clearing of damaged poles and salvage of

conductors and insulators.

14. Begin repair/reconstruction

15. Assist hospitals in establishing an emergency supply by assembling generators and other

emergency equipment’s if necessary.

16. Establish temporary electric supplies to other key public facilities, public water system

etc. to support emergency relief.

17. Establish temporary electric supplies to transit camps feeding centers, relief camps and

Site Operation Centre, District EOC and on access roads to the same.

18. Compile an itemized assessment of damage, from reports made by various electrical

receiving centers and sub-centers.

19. Report all activities to the head office and district EOC.

20. Plan for emergency accommodations for staff from outside the area.

Standard Operating Procedure for Transport department In-

Charge Officer: Head, Transport Department at the district

Activities

1. Prepare a list of vehicles- trucks, buses, jeeps, tractors, etc. of government and private

2. agencies in the district and provide the list to the district control room.

3. Provide requires vans and ambulances for mobile health and animal husbandry teams.

4. Provide trucks, buses, jeeps, tractors, etc. for evacuation and supply chain management




objective.

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMTN PLAN

WAYANAD

2021

ANNEXURES

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

ANNEXURE Annexure 1

District Profile

General Data

Graticule 11.472161 N & 11.970333 N

and

75.851836 E & 76.435141 E

Area 2130 sq KM

Forest 885.92 sq KM

Major Rivers 7 (Kabani, Panamarampuzha,

Manathavadipuzha, Noolpuzha,

Karapuzha, BavalyPuzha,

Kolokadavu)

Lakes 4

Reservoirs 2 (BanasuraSagar and Karappuzha)

Coastline Nil

Wetland area 936 Hectare

Cultivable Area 115454 Hectare

Barren/ uncultivable land 247 Hectare

General Demography of the District

Population 817,420

Male Population 401,684

Female Population 415,736

Population Density 384

Gender Ratio 1035

SC Population 32578

ST Population 151443

Population Growth rate 4.71

Administrative Division

Revenue Divisions 1

Taluks 3

Villages 49

Grama Panchayats 23

Municipalities 3

Block Panchayats 4

Assembly Constituencies 3

Loksabha Constituencies 1

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Land Utilization Pattern

l

No

Description Area

1 Total Geographical area 2130 sq KM

2 Forest 885.92 sq KM

3 Land put to nonagricultural use 11070Ha

4 Barren &uncultivable land 171Ha

5 Permanent pastures &other grazing land Nil

6 Land under misc. tree crops 106Ha

7 Cultivable waste 1195 Ha

8 Fallow other than current fallow 833 Ha

9 Current fallow 1750 Ha

10 Marshy Land 0

11 Still Water 3904 Ha

12 Water Logged Area 133 Ha

13 Social Forestry 51 Ha

14 Net area sown 114966 Ha

15 Area sown more than once 60334 Ha

16 Total cropped Area 175300 Ha

Education Profile of the district

Institution

Taluk Total

numbers

Bathery Manathavadi Vythri

Lower Primary 51 56 39 146

Upper Primary 22 27 30 79

High Schools 11 13 13 37

Higher Secondary 15 17 22 54

Animal Husbandry

Number of Poultry farms Livestock

Population

Meat

production

Poultry

Population

77

120370

4460

237086

Disaster Risk Insurance Crop insurance Details from the financial year 2013-2014

to 2017-2018 (Rs.)

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Total

2,14,500 11,91,718 8,97,495 9,17,650 43,58,950 75,80,313

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 2

Administrative Subdivisions

Sl.No. Taluk Subdivision (Villages)

1

Mananthavady

Thirunelli

2 Thavinhal

3 Mannanthavady

4 Thrissileri

5 Periya

6 Payyampalli

7 Valad

8 Thondernad

9 Kanjirangad

10 Nallurnad

11 Edavaka

12 Cherukattur

13 Panamaram

14 Anchukunnu

15 Porunnannur

16 Vellamunda

17 Padichira

18 Pulpalli

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

19

Sulthan Bathery

Kidangad

20 Irulam

21 Nadavayal

22 Poothadi

23 Purakkadi

24 Nulpuzha

25 Kuppady

26 Krishnagiri

27 Sulthan Bathery

28 Nenmeni

29 Ambalavayal

30 Cheeral

31 Thomattuchal

32 Kaniyambetta

33 Kuppadithara

34 Padinharathara

35 Kottathara

36 Muttil North

37 Kavummandam

38 Tariyod

39 Vengappalli

40 Muttil South

41 Kalpetta

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

42 Achooranam

43 Thrikkaippetta

44 Pozhuthana

45 Muppainad

46 Kottappady

47 Chundel

48 Kurrathidavaka

49 Vellarimala

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 3

Disaster-related Death History of the District (Between 2013-2020)

Taluk YEAR LOCATION INCIDENT

DEATH

TOLL

Sulthan

Bathery

2013 Noolpuzha Flood 3

2014 Kidanganad Tree fall 1

Karapuzha Drowning 1

2015 0

2016 0

2017 0

2018 Pulppally Drowning 3

2019 Bathery Mudslip 1

2020 0

Vythiri 2014 Mooppainadu Drowning 1

2015 0

2016 0

2017 Kavumandam Drowning 4

Padinharathara

Soil Slip at a

construction

site

2

2018 Muttil Drowning 1

Pozhuthana Landslide 1

Kalpata Landslide 1

Vythiri Landslide 1

2019 Puthumala Landslide 17

Muttil Landslide 2

2020 Pozhuthana Tree fall 1

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

2014 Vellamunda Drowning 3

Mananthavady 2015 Thirunelly

Collapse of

Compound

wall

1

2016 Edavaka Drowning 1

2017 0

2018 Thirunelly Lightning 1

Thavinjal Landslide 2

Drowning 3

2019 0

2020 Thondarnad Drowning 1

Thavinjal Tree fall 1

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 4

Natural hazard zonation – wayanad district

Areas in the district vulnerable to various disasters, identified under section 31 (3) (a)

of the disaster management act, 2005

TAL

UK

VILLAGE LANDSLID

E

Drought

FLOOD LIGHT

NING

EARTHQU

AKE

VY

TH

IRI

Vellarimala

High risk: whole

village. Special

attention required at : Mundakay, PuttuMala, VellariMala, Forest area Hope Estate

Low

High risk: Banks of

Chooralmala/ Choladi

rivers, Kuppachi,

Thanjilode

Low risk: Remaining

areas of the village

Low

Moderate

Muppainad

Highrisk :

whole village. Special

attention

required at :

Forest area

Moderate

High risk: Banks of Choladi Puzha & Broad

flat bottom valleys (Paddy fields),

Puttadi,Mudakkara,Mup ainad

Low risk: Remaining areas of the village

Low

Moderate

Thrikkaippetta

High risk : whole

village. Special

attention required at : KalluMala,F orest area,

Manikkunnu mala

KalluMala

Low

High risk: Broad flat

(Paddy fields)Parur,

Thrikaippetta,

Machikkara,

Chekkottukunnu,

Cheriavalli colony

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

Kottappady

High risk: whole

village. Special

attention required at :

Chembra peak Estate, Kuttimund

Estate, Forest area,

Elambaleri, Anapara,

Kunnamanga lam kunnu,

Low

High risk: Banks of

Kottur river,

Kunnampetta, Odathode,

Manjalamkolly,

Thenkutty

Low

Moderate

Erumakkolli, Odathode, Kottappadi

health centre area,

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Kunnathidava

ka

High risk: whole

village. Special

attention

required at :

Eagle

Estate,Lakki

di, Aramala,

Police

Station

premises,

Vattappara, Niketh

Low

High risk: Banks of

Vythiri river,

Panthrandam palam,

Charity, Pazhaya Vythiri

Low risk: Remaining

areas of the Village

Low

Moderate

Chundel

High Risk: whole

village. Special

attention

required at :

Chundel

Estate area,

Chelode

estate,

Sreepuram

colony,

Olivumala, Thalimala

Low

High risk: Kannanchath,

Sreepuram, Chundale

estate, Vattavayal,

Karimbumkandi,

Kannadichola

Low risk: Remaining

areas of the Village

Low

Moderate

Pozhuthana

High risk : whole

village. Special

attention required at : Sugandhagiri Vannatipara, Forest area, Kurichiar

Mala, Athur Estate,

Settukkunnu, Melmuri,

Idiyamvayal

Low

Moderate risk: Low

lying areas

Low risk: remaining


Low

Moderate

Achooranam

High risk: whole

village. Special

attention

required at :

Athur Estate

Ammara,

Low

High risk: Banks of

Pozhuthana Puzha &

Broad flat bottom

valleys (Paddy fields),

Muthirapara, Achoor,

Panniyora, Ammara,

Puzhakkal, Athimoola,

Low

Moderate

Pappala Vayanamkunnu,

Kammadamkunnu,

Idiyam vayal, Anoth

Low risk: Remaining


DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Kalpetta

High risk- Muttil Mala, Forest area, Mailadippara

Low risk:

other areas of

the village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Binhi Puzha & Broad

flat bottom valleys

(Paddy fields)

Kozhatatta, Munderi,

Thurkey, Manivayal,

Nedunilam, Puliyarmala,

Chuzhali


Low

Moderate

Muttil South

Low risk-

Rockside

Estate

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Kara Puzha & Broad flat

bottom valleys (Paddy

fields)Parakkal,Mundat,

Erinneri,Kalluradi,

Kakkavayal, Vazhavatta

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

Muttil North

High risk:

Kolpara,

Edappetti

kolpara,

Low risk:

Remaining

area of the

village

Moderate



fields) Pariyaram,

Pullimala, Muttil,

Vellithode, Karaladi,

Mutimukku, Kolavayal,

Panamkandi,

Paralikkunnu, Pariyaram

Low risk: remaining


Low

Moderate

Kaniyambetta

Low risk :

Whole

village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

ChundalPuzha & Broad

flat bottom valleys

(Paddy fields)

Ambalachal, Padikkara,

Changadakunnu,Triniya

mbetta,Panginichikallur,

Chittur puzhamani,

Kenivayal, Choundary ,

Mecheri, Kallanchira,

Kavuvayal,

Chithramoola,

Padinjareveed

Low

Moderate

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Kottathara

High risk- kurumbaala

Mala Low risk:

Other areas of the village

Moderate

High Risk: Banks of VenniyottuPuzha,Carad

Puzha & Broad flat bottom valleys (Paddy fields)Vandiyampetta,A nerivayal, Chalavayal,

Kottathara, Myladi, Vysian, Valiyakunnu, Kolakkimottamkunnu, Kallatti, Erankolly,

Venniyode, Kurumani, Karimkutty,

Moderate risk: Remaining areas of the

village

Low

Moderate

Vengappalli

Moderate

risk: Whole

village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

VenniyottuPuzha &

Broad flat bottom

valleys (Paddy fields)

Kindiyur,Ambalapadi,

Odampampoyil,

Chamundam , Kokkuzhi

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

VY

TH

IRI

Kavummanda

m

Moderate

Risk: Whole

village

Low

High risk: Banks of

VenniyottuPuzha &

Broad flat bottom


kanicheri, Poyilil,

Thayyil, Puzhakkal

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

Tariyod

High risk: whole

village. Special

attention required at : Forest area,

Tariyod

Low

High risk: Banks of

Venniyottu Puzha,

Kalikkuni,

Thendampara,

Paluvayal, Kundilangadi

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

Padinharathar

a

High risk : whole

village. Special

attention required at : Forest area

Padinjarethar a,

Varampetta, Cheriyanarip

para, Kuttyamvaya

Moderate

High risk: Banks of Karaman thodu & Broad

flat bottom valleys (Paddy fields) Puthiyenirath, W.kattathara,

PAdinjarathara, Thengumunda, Kuppidi,

Panthippoyil


Low

Moderate

l, Kappikkalam

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Kuppadithara

Moderate

risk: Whole

village

Low

High risk: Banks of VenniyottuPuzha &

Karaman thodu & Broad flat bottom valleys

(Paddy fields) Kuppadithara,Kurumbal

a, Putusserikkadav, Therthukunnu, Cheriamkolly,

Kurumani


Low

Moderate

MA

NA

NT

HA

VA

DY

Vellamunda

High risk: : whole

village. Special


Pulinjal, Mangalasseri ,Vellamunda,

Banasura mala area,

Koyatuparak kunnu,

Narokadav, Valaramkunn

u

Low

High risk: Banks of

Karaman thodu & Broad

flat bottom valleys

(Paddy fields)Pulinjal,

Mathakara, Kochara,

Ochuvayal, Mothakkara,

Kundilveedu,

Kandathuvayal, Pillery

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

Kanjirangad

High risk : whole

village. Special

attention required at : Forest area

S.Makkiad,S. Tandar

Low

High risk: Banks of

Mananthavadi River,

Paliyana

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

Thondernad

High risk :



Vanjode

Moderate

High risk: Kunjom,

Ayyankavu,

Niravilpuzha, Nellery,

Palery, Poralom,

Kallara, Makkiyadu,

Marachuvadu

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

Periya

High risk : whole village. Special

attention required at : Forest area, W.Periya,

Paramatma

Low

High risk: Banks of

Periya Puzha, Vattoli

Low risk: Remaining


Low

Moderate

Valad High risk : Moderate High risk: Banks of Low Moderate

whole village Mananthavadi River,

Kulathada

Low risk: Remaining


DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Edavaka

Moderate

risk: Whole

village

Low

High risk: Banks of

Mananthavadi River &

Broad flat bottom


Achampitika, Kallodi,

Elamannam, Agraharam,

Orappu, Padikkadavu,

Chamadipoyil

Low

Moderate

Porunnanore

Low risk:

Whole

village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Karaman thodu & Broad

flat bottom valleys

(Paddy fields),

Changadam, Karingari,

Kotugalli, Kallamvetty,

Mundiyottypoyil,

Thenompoyil,

Paruthiyattu,

Kallumottamkunnu,

Tharuvanakkunnu,

Uralukunnu,

Kommaadu, Aarval,

Thotolui

Low risk: remaining


Low

Moderate

Anchukunnu

High risk: Kurumbala

mala Low risk: Remaining area of the

village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of PanamaramPuzha &

Broad flat bottom valleys (Paddy fields), Kalutingal, Ullisseri,

Vilambukandam, Mathothupoyil

Low risk: Remaining areas of the Village

Low

Moderate

Panamaram

Low risk:

Whole

village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Panamaram Puzha,

Neervaram,

Mathrupoyil, Mathur,

Panamram, Odakkolly,

Mechery, Neerattadi,

Keenjukadavu,

Vakayattupoyil,

Mathothupoyil,

Mathrupoyil, other low

lying areas

Low

Moderate

Low risk: Remaining


DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Cherukattur

Low risk:

Whole

village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Panamaram Puzha,

Parakkuni,

Keenjukadavu,

Changadakkadavu

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Nalloornad

Low risk:

Whole

village

Moderate

High risk: Kammana,

Koyileri, Payod, Banks

of Mananthavadi River

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Payyampalli

High risk:


attention required at : kannivayal

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Mananthavadi River,

Kabani River & Broad

flat bottom valleys

(Paddy fields),

Pudukode, Manalvayal,

Nelliyat, Oorpally,

Chaligadha,

Galliyoorkavu,

Koyilery, Muttankara,

Chemmadu,

Mootrakolly

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Thrissileri

High risk: whole

village. Special


Trisileri, Muriode,

Forest area, Plamoola,

Thacharakko lli

Moderate

High risk: Banks of Kabani River,

BavaliPuzha & Broad flat bottom valleys

(Paddy fields)Trissileri, Kakkavayal, Onivayal,

Puzhavayal, Karthikulam, Meenamkolly,

Thonikkadavu, Kakkery, Palvelicham

Low risk: Remaining area of the village

Low

Moderate

Mananthavady

High risk: : whole

village. Special

attention required at : Cherakkara

Estate, JessieEstate,

Kaipat, Maniyankun

nu,

High

High risk: Banks of MananthavadiRiver &

Broad flat bottom valleys (Paddy fields) Kurikkalat,Mangaleri,

Kaniyaram, Mandakamula, Illathuvayal,

Thazheyangadi, Cherupuzha, Kaniyaram, Valliyoorkav, Peruvaka,

Kuzhinilam

Low

Moderate

Meethalkoli Forest area


DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Thavinhal

High risk : whole village. Special

attention required at : Makki,Forest

area, Fringferd

Estate, Tavinhal Estate,

Muneeswara n Hills,

Pancharakkol li,

Priyadarsini estate,

Sarojam tea estate,

Godavari Kottakkunnu

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Mananthavadi River &

Broad flat bottom


Tindummal,Idikkara,

Kazhukottur, Teythat,

Thindummal poyil

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Thirunelli

High risk : whole

village. Special

attention required at : Tirunelli,Ma nikolli,Forest

area Vaduvakkula m, Meladi,

Akkolli Estate,

Vellaravayal, Karimam,

Aravanazhi,

High

High risk: Banks of

Bavali Puzha,

Aramangalam, Kalkkuni

Low

Moderate

SU

LT

HA

N B

AT

HE

RY

Pulpalli

Low risk:

Whole village

High

High risk: Banks of

KabaniRiver &

Kadaman thodu,

Palakkolly, Perikkallur,

Pakkom, Dasanakkara,

Chekadi, Athikkuni

Low risk: Remaining

Areas of the Village

Low

Moderate

Padichira

High risk- Sasimala Low risk: Remaining area of the

village

High

High risk: Banks of

Kabani River & Mudalli

thodu, Kolavally,

Marakkadavu,

Vandikkadavu

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Irulam High risk- High High risk: Banks of Low Moderate

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Matamangala m

Low risk: Remaining areas of the

village

Narasi Puzha

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Nadavayal

Moderate

risk- Neikkuppa


village

High

High risk: Banks of Narasi Puzha & Broad

flat bottom valleys (Paddy fields),

Nelliyambam, Karadam, Chittalur, Nadavayal,

Pathiriyambam, Neykuppa, Peroor


Low

Moderate

Poothadi

Low risk: Whole village

High

High risk: Banks of

Narasi Puzha, Chundal

Puzha, Kovala, Poothadi

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Purakkadi


Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Chundal Puzha ,

Paathirippuzha, Kana

Puzha, Karattukunnu,

Chilling plant,

Managuvayal,

Kundukolly,

Koralambam, Athinilam,

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Krishnagiri

High risk- Phantom

Rock, Kumbleri,

Rattakkund , Kolagappara

mala


village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Padiri Puzha & Kara

Puzha, Athinilam,

Mundanirappu,

Padavayal, Madur

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Sulthan

Bathery

Low risk:

Whole village

High



fields), Pazhupattur,

Mavadi, Kalluvayal,

Ammayippalam,

Kaipanchery

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Ambalavayal

High risk - Mattappara, Cheengeripp

ara ,

High



fields),

Low

Moderate

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Arattupara, Ambukuthi

mala Low risk: Remaining areas of the

village

Ambalavayal,Vellada

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Thomattuchal

High risk- Munnoor, Kadalmad,

Perumbadikk unnu

Low risk: remaining

areas

High



fields), Nellarchal,

Pangaleri, Odavayal,

kottoor

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Nenmeni

Hgh risk- Kuppamudi

Estate, TodaMala, Ambukuthi

Mala Low risk: Remaining areas of the

Village

High

Banks of CholadiPuzha, NulPuzha & Broad flat bottom valleys (Paddy

fields), Palakunni, Malankara,

Valiyavattam


Low

Moderate

Cheeral

Moderate risk:

Nambiarkun nu

Low risk: remaining areas of the

village

High

High risk: Banks of

Nulpuzha, Vellachal

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Nulpuzha

Moderate

risk- Forest Area


village

High

High risk: Banks of

Nulpuzha,Toduvetty,

Thedar, Puhamkuni,

Ponkuzhi, Kakkathode,

Low lying areas

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Kuppady


High

High risk: Banks of

Nulpuzha & Thoduvetty

puzha, Vellayikkuzhi

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

Kidanganad

Low risk :

Whole village

Moderate

High risk: Banks of

Manjar Thodu

Low risk: Remaining

area of the village

Low

Moderate

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 5

Database of occurrence of lightning in the district

Sl.No Village Taluk Year

1 Nadavayal S.Battery 1988

2 Mulankavu, Vattuvadi. S.Battery 1989

3 Edavaga ,Kalpatta Vythiri 1994

4 Kalpetta,Kullivayil. Vythiri 1994

5 Kalpatta(vellamunda ) Mananthavady 1995

6 Vellamunda,Kalpetta. Mananthavady 1995

7 Ambukuthi S.Battery 1996

8 Purakkadi S.Battery 1996

9 Tavinhal Mananthavady 1997

10 Nallurnadu Mananthavady 1998

11 Thalipuzha Mananthavady 1998

12 Irulam S Battery 1998

13 Porunnanore Mananthavady 2000

14 Porunnanore Mananthavady 2000

15 Thrissillery Mananthavady 2000

16 Vellarimala Vythiri 2001

17 Mananthavadi. Mananthavady 2002

18 Mananthavady Mananthavady 2002

19 Pulpally S.Battery 2002

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 6

Lightning frequency in the district

Sl.No

Village

Taluk

Frequency

1 Thirunalli Mananthavady 0

2 Thavinhal Mananthavady 1

3 Mannanthavady Mananthavady 1

4 Thrissileri Mananthavady 1

5 Padichira Sulthan Bathery 0

6 Pulpalli Sulthan Bathery 1

7 Periya Mananthavady 0

8 Payyampalli Mananthavady 0

9 Valad Mananthavady 0

10 Thondernad Mananthavady 0

11 Kidangad Sulthan Bathery 0

12 Kanjirangad Mananthavady 0

13 Nallurnad Mananthavady 1

14 Edavaka Mananthavady 1

15 Cherukattur Mananthavady 1

16 Panamaram Mananthavady 0

17 Irulam Sulthan Bathery 1

18 Nadavayal Sulthan Bathery 1

19 Anchukunnu Mananthavady 0

20 Porunnannur Mananthavady 1

21 Vellamunda Mananthavady 1

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

22 Kaniyambetta Vythiri 0

23 Poothadi Sulthan Bathery 0

24 Kuppadithara Vythiri 0

25 Purakkadi Sulthan Bathery 1

26 Nulpuzha Sulthan Bathery 0

27 Kuppady Sulthan Bathery 1

28 Padinharathara Vythiri 0

29 Krishnagiri Sulthan Bathery 0

30 Kottathara Vythiri 0

31 Sulthan Bathery Sulthan Bathery 0

32 Muttil North Vythiri 0

33 Kavummand

am Vythiri 0

34 Tariyod Vythiri 0

35 Vengappalli Vythiri 0

36 Nenmeri Sulthan

Bathery 1

37 Ambalavayal Sulthan Bathery

1

38 Muttil South Vythiri 0

39 Kalpetta Vythiri 0

40 Cheeral Sulthan Bathery

0

41 Achooranam Vythiri 0

42 Thrikkaippett

a Vythiri 0

43 Thomattucha

l Sulthan

Bathery 0

44 Pozhuthana Vythiri 0

45 Muppainad Vythiri 0

46 Kottappady Vythiri 0

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

47 Chundel Vythiri 0

48 Kurrathidava

ka Vythiri 0

49 Vellarimala Vythiri

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 7

Drought prone areas

SL.No Village Taluk Class

1 Thirunelli Mananthavady Severe Drought

2 Thavinhal Mananthavady Moderate Drought

3 Mannanthavady Mananthavady Moderate Drought

4 Thrissileri Mananthavady Moderate Drought

5 Padichira Sulthan Bathery Severe Drought

6 Pulpalli Sulthan Bathery Severe Drought

7 Periya Mananthavady Slight Drought

8 Payyampalli Mananthavady Moderate Drought

9 Valad Mananthavady Slight Drought

10 Thondernad Mananthavady Slight Drought

11 Kidangad Sulthan Bathery Moderate Drought

12 Kanjirangad Mananthavady Slight Drought

13 Nallurnad Mananthavady Moderate Drought

14 Edavaka Mananthavady Slight Drought

15 Cherukattur Mananthavady Moderate Drought

16 Panamaram Mananthavady Moderate Drought

17 Irulam Sulthan Bathery Moderate Drought

18 Nadavayal Sulthan Bathery Slight Drought

19 Anchukunnu Mananthavady Moderate Drought

20 Porunnannur Mananthavady Moderate Drought

21 Vellamunda Mananthavady Slight Drought

22 Kaniyambetta Vythiri Moderate Drought

23 Poothadi Sulthan Bathery Slight Drought

24 Kuppadithara Vythiri Slight Drought

25 Purakkadi Sulthan Bathery Moderate Drought

26 Nulpuzha Sulthan Bathery Severe Drought

27 Kuppady Sulthan Bathery Severe Drought

28 Padinharathara Vythiri Moderate Drought

29 Krishnagiri Sulthan Bathery Moderate Drought

30 Kottathara Vythiri Slight Drought

31 Sulthan Bathery Sulthan Bathery Severe Drought

32 Muttil North Vythiri Slight Drought

33 Kavummandam Vythiri Slight Drought

34 Tariyod Vythiri Slight Drought

35 Vengappalli Vythiri Slight Drought

36 Nenmeni Sulthan Bathery Severe Drought

37 Ambalavayal Sulthan Bathery Severe Drought

38 Muttil South Vythiri Moderate Drought

39 Kalpetta Vythiri Slight Drought

40 Cheeral Sulthan Bathery Severe Drought

41 Achooranam Vythiri Slight drought

42 Thrikkaippetta Vythiri Slight Drought

43 Thomattuchal Sulthan Bathery Moderate Drought

44 Pozhuthana Vythiri Slight Drought

45 Muppainad Vythiri Moderate Drought

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

46 Kottappady Vythiri Slight Drought

47 Chundel Vythiri Slight Drought

48 Kunnathidavaka Vythiri Slight Drought

49 Vellarimala Vythiri Slight Drought

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 8

Vulnerability Assessment of Wayanad

NO LSG Name of

Village

Villa

ge

Populat

ion

No of

House

Holds

Total

no of

Wards

Disasa

ter

related

dealth

s

report

ed

Family Affected

(ST In bracket) Total

Populati

on

Affected Gener

al ST

1 Ambalava

yal

Ambalava

yal

Thomattuc

hal,

Krishnagir

i

3 35207 8568 20 0 131 69 200 466

2 Meenanga

di

Purakkadi

Krishnagir

i

2 33450 8199 19 0 245 192 437 710

3 Mullankol

ly

Padichira,

Pulpally 2 28400 6929 18 0 154 26 180 414

4 Nenmeni Nenmeni,

Cheeral 2 46950 11330 23 0 28 58 86 240

5 Noolpuzh

a

Noolpuzh

a,

Kuppadi

(Partly) ,

Kidangana

d (Partly)

3 27833 6510 17 0 2 119 121 341

6 Poothadi

Poothadi,

Nadavayal

,

Irulam

3 39649 9800 22 0 249 159 408 1646

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

7 Pulppalli

Pulpally

,Padichira

,Nadavaya

l

3 33951 8414 20 0 82 33 115 313

8 Sulthan

Bathery

Kidangana

d,

Sulthan

Bathery,

Kuppadi

3 35 0 1075

9 kalpata Kalpata 1 28 0 1075 1075

10 Kaniyamb

etta

Kaniyamb

etta

Nadavayal

2 33956 7672 18 0 36 41 77 193

11 Kottathara Kottathara 1 16670 3787 13 0 130 192 322 1068

12 Meppadi

Kottapadi,

Vellarmal

a,

Thrikaipet

ta

3 37785 8661 22 40 1115 297 1412 3205

13 Muppaina

du

Muppaina

d,

Thrikkaip

etta,

Kottapadi

3 24590 5562 16 3 6 72 78 266

14 Muttil

Muttil

South,

Muttil North,

Purakkadi

(Partily)

3 35281 7998 19 2 115 115 460

15 Padinharat

hara

Padinharat

hara,

Kuppadith

ara

2 25965 5788 16 0 723 154 877 3277

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

16 Pozhuthan

a

Pozhuthan

a,

Achooran

am

2 18406 4256 13 0 0

17 Thariode

Kavumma

nnam,

Thariode

2 11725 2734 13 0 272 54 326 1150

18 Vengappal

li

Vengappal

ly 1 11756 2676 13 0 109 89 198 743

19 Vythiri Kunnathid

avaka,

Chundale

2 18305 4159 14 16 476 40 516 2187

20 Thavinhal

Periya,

Thavinhal

,Valad

3 39813 9257 22 2 486 88 574 2026

21 Thirunelly

Thirunelly

,

Thrissilery

2 29696 6902 17 0 194 420 614 2133

22 Thonderna

du

Thonderna

d,

Kanjirang

ad

2 23142 5280 15 0 4 69 73 211

23 Vellamun

da

Vellamun

da ,

Porunnann

ore

2 40627 8796 21 0 0 90 90 386

24 Panamara

m

Panamara

m,

Anjukunn

u,

Cherukatt

oor,

Nadavayal

(Partial)

4 45627 10334 23 0 483 508 991 3431

25 Manantha

vady

Payyamp

ally,

Mananth

avady

2 36 1004 398 1402 3649

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

26 Edavaka

Edavaka,

Nalloorna

du

2 33665 7539 19 1 389 189 578 3063

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 9

DEOC Equipments

Sl No Equipment Quantity Status

1 Aska Light 1 Given to Fire Force

2 Life Saving Equipments 33 Given to Huzur Sheristadar

3 Keltron PC + Laptop 1+1 H Section, Wayanad

Collectorate

4 Keltron Fax Machine 1 H Section, Wayanad Collectorate

5 Keltron Projector 1 H Section, Wayanad Collectorate

6 SIDCO (Raincoat + Jacket) 60+20 Given to Fire Force

7 Desktop Computer (Acer) 1 DEOC

8 Wireless Communication

Device

1 DEOC

9 V SAT Communication device 1 unit DEOC

10 UPS 1 DEOC

11 Satellite Mobile Phone unit 1 DEOC

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 10

Relief Camps and shelters

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 11

Communication - BSNL

SL.No. BSNL offices in the district Telephone Exchange

Address Phone Number

1

O/o DET/CSC

BSNL Bhavan,

Pinangode

Road

04936-203000/

Kalpetta 203300

2

O/o DET(BSS)

BSNL Staff

Quarters,

Pinangode Rd,

Kalpetta

04936- 205666

/205620

3

Kalpetta Division, Wayanad

Kalpetta, Exchange 04936-205560

4 Mandad Exchange

04936-231000

5 Padijarethara

Exchange

04936-273799

6 Thariode Exchange

04936-250438

7 Pallikkunnu Exchange 04936-286500

8 Cheriyamkolly Exchange

04936-230500

9 Meppadi Exchange 04936-283000

10 Chooralmala 04936-236200

11 Rippon 04936-280200

12 Manivayal Exchange 04936-201500

13 Vythiri Exchange 04936-255398

14 Chundale Exchange 04936-201000

15 Mananthavady Exchange

04935-240500

16 Kartikulam Exchange 04935-250499

17 Payyampally Exchange Exchange

04935-215500

18 Valad Exchange 04935-266100

19 Thirunelli Exchange 04935-210298

20 Periya Exchange 04935-260100

21 Thalappuzha Exchange

04935-256298

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

22 Panamaram Exchange 04935-220200

23 Korome Exchange 04935-235500

24 Karakkamala Exchange

04935-227050

25 Vellamunda Exchange 04935-230500

SULTHAN BATHERY DIVISION

1 Ambalavayal

exchange

04936-260200

2 Chulliyode exchange 04936-266300

3 Vaduvanchal exchange

04936-217400

4 Sulthan bathery Exchange

04936-222250

5 Cheeral Exchange 04936-262200

6 Noolpuzha Exchange 04936-270200

7 Vakery Exchange 04936-222250

8 Pulpally Exchange 04936-240250

9 Padichira Exchange 04936-234250

10 Irulam Exchange 04936-238250

11 Kenichira Exchange 04395-211500

12 Varadoor Exchange 04936-247250

13 Meenangadi 04936-247250

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 12

Akashavani and Doordarsan

Radio/ TV Stations

Frequency Range

Address

Contact Numbers

Akasavani (FM)

Relay Center

100.1 MHz

Assistant Engineer,

Akasavani &

Doordarshan Kalpetta

North.P.O, Wayanad-

04936-202800,

206002

Mob:9447023718

Doordarshan Relay

Center

Band-III,

Channel

7(-)

Relay Center, Kalpetta

North.P.O, Wayanad

673122

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 13

Emergency contact details of departments

DEPARTMENT

NAME

HEAD OF THE

DEPARTMENT

CONTACT NO

(WHATSAPP) LANDLINE

Revenue

District Collector 9447204666 04936-

202230

ADM Wayanad 9447097702 04936-

202251

Sub collector 9447097703 04935-

240222

HS,Collectorate 8547616027 04936-

202251

Tahsildar Mntdy

(9447097704- CUG)

(9446013642-

Whatsapp)

04935

240231

Tahsildar SBY 9447097707 220296

Tahsildar VYT

9447097705

(8590842965-

Whatsapp)

255229

Tribal development

Project officer, ITDP 9495846545 202232

TDO Mntdy 9447545569 240210

T.D.O S. Battery 9446349340 221074

Kerala State Road

Transport Corporation,

District Transport Office

Sulthan Bathery 9188526761

224217

220217

District Transport Officer

Kalpetta

9947361261

(9495099914-CUG)

202611,

203040

Regional Transport Office

9544741122,

9188961012

8547639008(CUG)

202607

Health Services

District-Medical Officer

(Health) 9946105493

04935

240390

District Medical officer

(Homeo) 9072615312

04936-

205949

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

District-Medical Officer

(ISM)

9072615212 04936

203906

Panchayat Deputy Director of Panchayat 9605975550 202634

PWD Roads Executive Engineer 9656895398 202536,

202533

PWD Buildings Executive Engineer 9847646666,

8086395199

202640,

202708

PWD NH Executive engineer

9446311312

8086395234

A E 9447443500

PWD (Bridges) 8086395099

Animal Husbandry

Department

District Animal Husbandry

Officer

9745434650

9447097776(IC) 202292

Soil Survey and Soil

Conservation

Department

District Soil Conservation

Officer 9847233884 203756

Forest & Wildlife

Department -Wayanad

Wildlife Division

Divisional Forest Officer,

North Wayanad Division 9447979074 240233

Divisional Forest Officer

South Wayanad Division, 9447979075 203428

Range Forest Officer, Kalpata 8547602715 205038

Deputy Conservator of

Forests & Wildlife Warden,

Wayanad Wildlife Division

9447979105

Asst. Conservator(Social

Forestry)

9447444686

9447979155. 202623

Social Justice District Social Justice Officer 9645125180 205307

General education Deputy Director of Education 9496220005

9495105545 202593

District Educational

Officer DEO Kalpetta 9496714010 202264

Mining and Geology

Department Geologist 9037743839 249124

Fisheries Assistant Director of

Fisheries, Wayanad 9946263030 255214

Excise Deputy Commissioner of

Excise, Wayanad. 9447178064 248850

Kerala Water Authority Exe. Engineer SBY 8547638058,

8078503858 220422

Ground Water

Department,

Meenangadi

District Officer 8075730691 248310

Irrigation, Karapuzha

Project

Executive Engineer 9447021171 202246

Assistant Executive Engineer 9947401368 273598,

Assistant Executive Banasura 9447300406 273598,

273562

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Tourism Deputy Director of Tourism 9495759670 204441

MI Subdivision, Kalpata, Asst Exe Engineer 9446828325 226061

KSEB Deputy Chief Engineer. 9446008329 205322

202259

KSEB Dam Safety

division Executive engineer 9446008415 273450

KSEB (Dam Safety

SubDivision - Banasura

Sagar Dam)

Assistant Executive Engineer 9496004480 274474

Panchayat District Panchayat, President 9605975550 202390

Labor Department District Labor Office 8547255276 203905

Agriculture Principal Agricultural Office 9995314656 202506

Planning District Planning Office 9447742865 202626

PD Poverty Alleviation

Unit

9447518639,

7025740829 205390

Local Self Government

Department Executive Engineer 98479455898 207686

Health Department D.M.O(H) Mntdy 9497809585

9946105493

04935

240390

DSO 9188527326

Suchitwa mission District Coordinator 9048399320(DMC) 203223

Annexure 14

Grama-Panchayat and Municipality Emergency Contact List

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 15

FIRE & RESCUE

Details Of Vehicles & Other Equipments In Fire & Rescue Stations Under

District Fire Office, Fire & Rescue Services, Wayanad

Name and

address of

station

Details of Vehicles Details of other equipments

Type Registration

Number

Receive

d year

Type

Numbe

r of

units

Receive

d year

Kalpetta

Mobile Tank Unit

KBT 9847 1987 Portable

Pump 1 1990

Mobile Tank Unit

KL 01 AE 3519 2004 Float Pump

1 2004

Mobile

Tank Unit

KL 01 BT 3522

2014

Exhaust Blower

1

1990

Jeep KL 01 AB 338 2003 Generator 1 1990

Jeep KL 01 BS 7867 2014 Chainsaw 5 2003

Quick

Response

Vehicle

KL 01 BF 8592

2011 Tower Light

(Aska)

2

2009

Water Mist

Tender KL 01 CC 5814

2016 Rubber

Dinghy with Engine

1

2010

Water Mist

Bike

KL-01BG-3484

2012 Hydraulic

Cutter Unit

1

2010

GeneratorHo nda

1 2013

SCUBA set 3 2012

Life detector 1 2012

Aceteline

Cutting Set 1 1984

Power Cutter 1 2012

Electric Chain saw

1 1993

Name and

address of

station

Details of Vehicles Details of other equipments

Type Registration

Number

Received

year Type

Number

of units

Received

year

Mobile Tank

Unit KL 01 AY 485 2009

Portable

Pump 1 1990

Mobile Tank

Unit KL 01 BW 2648 2014

Float Pump

1 2010

Mobile Tank

Unit KL 01 CC 5183 2017 Chainsaw 5 2003

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Sulthan

Bathery

Water Lorry

KL 01 AG 1995

2004 Tower

Light

(Aska)

1

2009

Jeep

KL 01 Z 4122

2002 Hydraulic

Cutter Unit

1

2011

Ambulance KLl 01 BB 4937 2011

Name and

address of

station

Details of

Vehicles

Details of other

equipments

Name

and

address

of station

Details of

Vehicles

Details

of other

equipm

ents

Name

and

address

of

station

Manantha

vady

Mobile Tank

Unit KL 01 AF 7708 2004

Float

Pump 1 2012

Mobile Tank

Unit KL 01 BX 149 2014 Chainsaw 5 2003

Jeep

KL 01 BT 7209

2015 Hydraulic

Cutter Unit

1

2011

Ambulance

KL 01 Z 6398

2002 Tower

Light

(Aska)

1

2009

Water Mist

Tender

KL 01 CC 5824

2016

Water Mist

Bike

KL 01 BG 3676

2012

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Annexure 16

DDMA Orders

Amendment 2019, Disaster Management –applicability of restrictions in

Landslide Hazard Prone Areas- Clarification Orders

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Building Restriction 2018

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Building Restriction 2015

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

High Hazard Zone 2019

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

NDM Guidelines- Incident Response System 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

NIT Study Report

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Quarry Ban 2016

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Quarry Ban 2017

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

MAP

MAP 1: Administrative subdivisions of

Wayanad district

MAP 2: Topography of Wayanad

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

MAP 3: Land use map of Wayanad district

MAP 4: Major transportation network and administrative headquarters of

Wayanad district

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

MAP 5: Flood prone area map of Wayanad district

MAP 6: landslide susceptibility map of Wayanad district (see section 31 (3)

(a) of dm act 2005)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

MAP 7: Earthquake & lightning susceptibility map of Wayanad district

(see annexure 12 and section 31 (3) (a) of dm act 2005

MAP 12: Lightning frequency map of Wayanad district (see Annexure 13

and Section 31 (3) (a) of DM Act 2005)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

MAP 13: Drought prone area map of Wayanad district (see section 31 (3)

(a) of dm act 2005)

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

This page intentionally left blank

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Prepared by: District Emergency Operations Center, Wayanad complying to the instructions

of the DDMA, Wayland

1077, 04936 204151, [email protected]

Approved and published by: District Disaster Management Authority, Wayanad

© DDMA Wayanad, 2021

mailto:[email protected]

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

DDMP Wayanad, 2021

Printing partner -District Nirmithi Kendra Wayanad

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-2021

Documents

Transcript of DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN-2021