distribution of angle of obliquity of laser-guided ... - DTIC

DJ

DISTRIBUTION OF ANGLE OFOBLIQUITY OF LASER-GUIDEDPROJECTILES WITH RESPECT TO

THE TARGET AT IMPACT,

GEORGE J. SCHLENKERRICHARD D. HEIDER

AUGUST 1976

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

US ARMY ARMAMENT COMMAND

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE

ROCK ISLAND, ILLINOIS 61201

~ ~'!IL~31E 10T

DISPOSITION '

Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do notreturn it to the originator.

DISCLAIMER

The findings in this report are not to be construed asan official Department of the Army position.

WARNING

Information and data contained in this document arebased on input available at the time of preparation.Because the results may be subject to change, this document

should not be construed to represent the official positionof the US Army Development'& Readiness Coumand unless sostated.

./i

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONSBEFORE COMPLETING FORM

- Iiji REPORT NUMBER 2. OVT ACCESSION No. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

DRSAR/SA/N-51 ________________

- {7xA. TITLE (and Subt~l S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

.DISTRIBUTION OFP1 GLE OF 1LIQUITY OF JkASER-- ~ GUIDED~ PROJECTILES WITH RESPECT TO THE TAGTNote Fina

1. 8UHRs . CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)

J(George J./Schlenker/Richard D./Heider

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKAREA 6 WORK UNIT NUMBERSUS Army Armament Command

Systems Analysis Directorate (DRSAR-SA) ~2'33~Rock Island, IL 61201

11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATEUS Army Armament Command A~uf7Systems Analysis Directorate (DRSAR-SA) \~1..PA K

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

I8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side If necesary and Identify by block ntmber)

Terminal Guidance Impdct ObliquityFlight Simulation Error/Accuracy AnalysisGuided Projectiles Laser Signatures

rnal Effects Armored Target Models

20. NIOACT (Continue an reverse eide iH necooomy And Idenift by Wloe* nsnber)

Impact obliquity is defined as the angle between the longitudinal axis ofthe projectile and the surface normal (or perpendicular) at the instant whenthe projectile first contacts a surface element of the target.

In this note the discussion is principally concerned with impact obliquityversus a T54/55 tank target and the factors which affect its statistical dis-tribution.

The primary purpose of this study is to compute an overall or global04

probability distribution of impact obliquity for laser guided projectiles in a -

DD 173 1473 EDiTION OF I 140V 6 IS OUOLETE NLSSFE

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Of THIS PAGE (Ohm1 D896 Entered)

TIN4CLASITEDjSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEflWho Date &ttd)M

typical scenario. Secondarily one wishes to determine the sensitivity of -I several parameters on the distribution of obliquities. Important by-productsof the study methodology are estimates of guidance accuracy, flight speedat impact, and angle of attack at impact. The computer program for procesLingimpact data is included.

UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfWhan Data Entoted)

CONTENTS

Page

BACKGROUND. .. ............................. 7

=PURPOSES OF THE STUDY .. ...................... 7

PARAMETER OF THE INTEREST .. .................... 7

STUDY METHODOLOGY................... . . ... . . .. .. .. .. ... 9

DESIGN OF COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS.............. .. .. .. .. ... 1

-WEIGHTING OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. ................. 17

RESULTS OFCONFUTER EXPERIMENTS. .................. 17

Guidance Accuracy .. ......................... 17

Impact Speed. .......................... 23

Angle of Attack .. ........................ 25

Impact Obliquity. ........................ 25

VERIFICATION OF COMPU OELSO. .. .. .. . . . ....... 32

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . ............... 40=

APPENDIX A RODMAN LABORATORY RESULTS FOR THE OBLIQUITY STUDY .. 45

APPENDIX B PROGRAM FOR PROCESSING FLIGHT SIMULATION TARGETIMPACT DATA--IMPAC. . . ............... 265

Descript53n of IMPAC Program for EstimatingHit Probability and Distribution of ImpactObliquity .. .................... 267

Example of Use of IMAC. .. ............ 271

Listing of ExamplelInput. ............. 275

Example Output .. ................. 287

Listing of MPAC Program . ........ *.. .. .. 315

DISTRIBUTION LIST......... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .... 33

Next page is blanik.

3

L~1 1_

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1. Target Geometry Used in the HIFAC Model of the

T55 Tank ........ ....................... ... 12

Figure 2. Target Geometry Used in the LOFAC Model of the

T55 Tank ........ ....................... ... 13

Figure 3. Target Geometry Used in the SA Target Model of

the T55 Tank ...... ..................... ... 14

Figure 4. Effect of Designation Range on the Distribution ofImpacts ....... ................... 31

Figure 5. Center of Aim for All Target Models .... ......... 33

Figure 6. Sample Postprocessor Statistics Using HIFAC Target

Model ....... .... ........................ 34

Figure 7. Sample Cumulative Distribution Function of ImpactObliquity Using the HIFAC Model ... ........... ... 35

Figure 8. Sample of Target-Plane Impacts Using the HIFAC

Model ....... ... ........................ .36

Figure 9. Sample Postprocessor Statistics U Ing the LOFACTarget Model ........ ..................... 37

Figure 10. Sample Cumulative Distribution Function of ImpactObliquity Using the LOFAC Model ... ....... . . . . 38

Figure 11. Sample of Target-Plane Impacts Using the LOFACModel ....... .... ....................... 39

Figure 12. Differences in Obliquity Percentiles Between TargetModels for Run 497 ....... ................ ... 41

Figure 13. Comparisons of Obliquity Distribution EstimatesProduced by Three Target Models for Run 497 . . . .. 42

Figure 14. Differences in Obliquity Percentiles Between TargetModels for Run 505 ...... ................. ... 43

Figure 15. Comparison of Obliquity Distribution Estimates Produced

by Three Target Models for Run 505 ..... ........ 44

4

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1. Matrix of Computer Experiments for the Comparative

Study of Impact Obliquity .... ............... .... 16

Table 2. Weight Function for Laser (TIWG) Signature Used in

Comparative Study of Impact Obliquity ........... ... 18

Table 3. Weight Function for Designation Range ... ....... ... 18

Table 4A. Guidance Accuracy Statistics as Functions of Target

Aspect and Designation Range ...... ............. 19

Table 4B. Guidance Accuracy Statistics as Functions of Target


Table 4C. Guidance Accuracy Statistics as Functions of Target


Table 4D. Guidance Accuracy Statistics as Functions of Target


Table 5. Mean and Standard Deviation of Impact Speed of ED

CLGP for each Computer Experiment .... ........... ... 24

Table 6A. Statistics for Impact Angle of Attack of CLGP . . . . 26

Table 6B. Statistics for Impact Angle of Attack of CLGP . . . . 27

Table 6C. Comparison of Impact Obliquity and Angle of Attackas a Function of Target Aspect ... ............ ... 28

Table 7A. Single-Parameter Contrasts for Impact Obliquity:

Effect of Designation Range .... ............. ... 29

Table 7B. Single-Parameter Contrasts for Impact Obliquity:Effect of Deflection ..... ................. .. 30

Table 7C. Single-Parameter Contrasts for Impact Obliquity:Effect of Signature (Target Aspect) .... .... .. 30

Table 7D. Single-Parameter Contrasts for Impact Obliquity:Effect of Projectile System . ..... ..... .. 30

Next page is blank.

5

BACKGROUNDI-Impact obliquity is defined as the angle between the longitudinalUFIE axis of the projectile and the surface normal (or perpendicular) at the

instant when the projectile first contacts a surface element of the target.One should not confuse the impact obliquity with the angle between the

velocity vector of the projectile and surface normal at impact. To be

negligibly small angle of attack, i.e., angle between the velocity vectorand the form axis, the velocity obliquity approximates the impact obliquityof (the longitudinal axis of) the projectile. For ballistic projectilesthis approximation is often a reasonably good one; however, for guidedprojectiles, angles of attack up to 20 degrees are not uncommon. Consequently,the impact obliquity may be quite different from the velocity obliquity.This note will be principally concerned with impact obliquity and the factorswhich affect its statistical distribution.

There has been a continuing interest by the Project Manager of theCannon Artillery Weapons Systems (PM-CAWS) in this subject since theadvent of the advanced development program (AD) for the Cannon-LaunchedGuided Projectile (CLGP). As this program moved into engineeringdevelopment (ED), there has been a heightened interest in the subject ofimpact obliquity for several reasons. The fuze function may be degradedby large impact obliquities -- say, 80 degrees or more. Even with thesurface-wave sensors, with which CLGP is equipped, the initiation-of-warhead event may be delayed too long following impact for optimal war-head function. Reliability and effectiveness of fuze operation as afunction of impact obliquity is currently under study. It is anticipatedthat the results of the present study will contribute to a definitionof the severity of the fuze-function problem.

Currently there is a special interest in the implications of spaced-or array armor on the reduction in lethality of antiarmor missiles.Clearly, the degradation in lethality of existing shaped-charge warheadsagainst improved armor will be a function of the impact obliquitiestypically encountered. Thus, the configuration of the warhead (and its de-sign adequacy) will interact with other system characteristics whichinfluence impact obliquity. For all of the above reasons impact obliquityof guided projectiles is considered a germinal subject.

PURPOSES OF THE STUDY

The primary purpose of this study is to compute an overall or globalprobability distribution of impact obliquity for CLGP in a typical scenario.The secondary purpose is to determine the sensitivity of several parameterson the distribution of obliquities. Important by-products of the studymethodology are estimates of guidance accuracy, flight speed at impact, andangle of attack at impact.

PARAMETERS OF INTEREST

Having had some experience with guided-projectile flight simulationsfrom previous studies, we had developed expectations regarding the parameters

7

~I[

which might affect the impact obliquity. Obviously, the geometry of thetarget itself and the position thereon at which the laser is aimed wouldbe expected to influence the distribution of obliquity. To investigate thisparameter in a rigorous manner would require computer-based models of asubstantial number of combat vehicles. Unfortunately, the effort to developmodels of several vehicles was beyond the scope of the immediate study.Therefore, the effect of target vehicle geometry is inadequately studiedhere. We had to be content with three different models of the samevehicle--the T55 tank. The three models represent different degrees offacetization or fidelity to the objective vehicle and, consequently,slightly different geometries. By comparing the results of identicalterminal plane impacts using each of these models, one may draw somequalitative inferences concerning the effect of target geometry. Inthis context the terminal plane is simply a plane normal to the velocityvector and passing through a fixed point on the target.

Another parameter of interest in this study is the deflection of thetarget with respect to the plane of the ballistic trajectory, i.e., withrespect to the line of fire. Deflection of the target is expectedoperationally due to errors in locating the target, in pointing the gun,and in the ballistics of the unguided phase of flight. After acquisition

of the target, the projectile will sense its heading error and will,iattempt to null this error and fly a proportionally navigated (PN) trajectorytoward the target. In doing so, the relative aspect of the target willchange along with the velocity of the projectile (speed and angle). Becauseof these effects, target deflection is an influential parameter for impactobliquity.

The range from designator to target is an important parameter,affecting guidance accuracy. As explained in the references [11* and [21*,laser spot motion is generally the single, most significant error sourcefor laser-guided missiles and projectiles. Longer designation rangesproduce larger spot excursions at the target and, consequently, largerguidance errors. In effect, the larger dispersion of impacts means sgreater nvmber of facets of the target which are struck and, with aconcomitant increased dispersion irn projectile angles of attack, Impliesa greater dispersion in impact obliquity.

For a given designation range and azimuthal position of the laser Arelative to the target, the laser signature, i.e., apparent spot motionand intensity seen by the projectile, is affected by the azimuth of the

target with respect to the line of fire. A set of five discrete targetsignatures are used in the study to investigate the effect of this parameter.

Square-bracketed numbers refer to cited literature.

[il Memorandum for Record, AMSAR-SAM, 23 July 1975, subject: Army-NavyGuided Projectile Effectiveness Study.

[2] Memorandum for Record, AMSAR-SAM, 17 December 1974, subject: Army-Navy Guided Projectile Commonality Study.

8

The five standard signatures, developed for the CLGP Test Integration

Working Group, are labeled TIWG 1 thru 5.

The set of parameters which characterize the ballistics of the pro-jectile in guided flight may also be expected to affect impact obliquity.

These characteristics include such things as: presence (or absence) ofgravity bias, use of synthetic damping in the autopilot, navigation ratio,aerodynamic characteristics, etc. Two quite different approaches to guidedprojectile design are used in this study to examine the effect of projectilesystem characteristics. The ED version of the Army's CLGP is one approach;

the Navy's 5-inch, sleeved-guided projectile is the other. The samesystems were examined in an operational context to assess their relative

cost-effectiveness (Ref Il]). In the present study no conclusions are

drawn about the relative terminal effects of these systems. Clearly,

both systems would have to contend with their dispersions in impactobliquity in terms of fuze reliability and warhead function. It is theintention of this study to investigate differences in the distributions ofimpact obliquity. In summary, this study investigated four parameters, eachat several discrete levels -- designation range, laser (TIWG) signature,target offset, and system type.

STUDY METHODOLOGY

The procedure followed in computing the impact obliquity is outlined,

briefly, as follows:

a. Gcnerate target s-gnature with ERL Target Reflectivity Model.

b. Using laser signature in appropriate secnario with other noisesources, employ 5 DOF flight simulator (ZOT.14) to simulate a set of guidedflight trajectories.

c. Save impact-plane statistics for use in multi-faceted target

models.

d. Fqr each i=pact, perform linear transformation on the target facets

to project the target into the impact plane.

e. Use dot-(inner) product method to identify the facet struck.

f. Employ cross-product method to determine direction of outward

normal.

g. Use dot product of surface-normal vector and body-axis vector to

determine impact obliquity.

Impact obliquities for each scenario so computed are saved for statistical

post-processing. Additional information concerning the various submodels[1] op. ci_t.

9

,_

is provided below. A computer program for postprocassing impact data islisted in Appendix B.

A collection of obliquities is obtained for each set of values of theparameters of interest. The set of parameters represents a particulartreatment combination in the design of computer experiments. The collectionof obliquities represents the Monte-Carlo sample for all shots impactingthe target. The post-processor rank orders the obliquities in each experimentalset and computes an estimate of the median rank associated with each orderedobliquity value. These statistics are linearly interpolated to calculatepercentile estimates - from the 5th thru the 95th at increments of 52.The post-processor saves the array of percentile estimates for subsequentmanipulation.

Notationally, let P (x), x = (5,10,...,95), represent the estimateU

of the x th percentile asAociated with the experimental treatment givenby the subscripts, where the subscript i is associated with the level ofdesignation range, j with the level of the laser-signature parameter,k with the level of target deflection, atd I with the projectile system.Weights are associated with each of the four parameters of interest-de-signation range, a.; laser signature, b.; and target deflection, c.The system suoscript . is added for notational convenience. No attemptwas made to weight the systems, and each of the two systems was treatedseparately. The above weights are normalized and can be considered marginalprobability density functions for the purpose of developing contingencytables.

Thus,

ii jj ZkCk

The single-factor effect of a particular parameter on the obliquity dis-tribution, P(x), is obtained by weighting the percentile arrays and sumingover all parameters except the single parameter (factor) of interest.For example, if the projectile system effect is of interest, an averagedistribution is computed as follows:

T .. (x) E ia EtJZ~ Pijc

In the methodology sketched above, reference was made to the ERIM TargetReflectivity Model. This is a multi-program model of a combat vehicledeveloped under contract with the Rodman Laboratories by the EnvirionmentalResearch Institute of Michigan[3]. Its purpose is to describe thegeometry and surface features of the vehicle sufficiently well so that thedistribution of reflected laser energy is determined, given the characteristicsof the incident laser beam. The incident laser is treated as a pulsed beamof fixed beam divergence, power, designation range, and having second-

= [3]Beard, J., Rice, D., and Ladd, D. Target Reflection Illumination Model

With Second Order (TRIMS) (U); (CONF), ERIM Report No. 192200-2-F, August 1975.

10

order spot motion dynamics with specified spectral density. Output is thepulse-by-pulse position and intensity of the apparent laser spot viewedby the projectile seeker. This stochastic process can be reduced to a stumnar-ystatistical model suitable for input to any terminal guidance simulation.The target reflectivity model is maintained and operated by the physicstea= in the Rodman Laboratories. The laser signature inputs used in thisstudy were prepared by them. Additional analyses, to be described later,were also performed by the team at Rcdman in cooperation with the authors.

The ERLM Laser Target Reflectivity Model, referred to above, contains amodel of the target in which the vehicle and its surroundings are describedin terms of contiguous, triangular facets. The location of each facetis described by the coordinates of its vertices and the outside surface ofthe facet is described by a vector normal to the surface passing throughits centroid and having an inside-out direction. This direction is suchthat the right-hand thumb would have if the fingers of the right handtraversed the vertices in a counter-clockwise direction on the outsidesurface of the facet. -he number of facets used to describe a particularvehicle is somewhat arbitrary. If a large number of facets is used, theapproximation to the surface geometry of the actual vehicle can be excellent;however, the computational time to generate a laser signature may becomeprohibitively large. A model with fewe: facets may be quite suitable forcertain purposes hile achieving a desirable degree of computationalefficiency. To meet these conflicting requirements of computationalefficiency and fidelity to target geometry, the Rodman physics tea- hasdevised two T55 target models having different degrees of facetization.These models are referred to as the HIFAC and LOFAC target models. TheHIFAC model has the higher degree of facetization. Computer-generateddisplays of the geometry of these models are shown in Figures I and 2.For comparative purposes, the ge try of the SA target model is shownin Figure 3. The character of the surface of the target vehicle necessaryto compute first-and second-order reflections is also described withinthe ERIM model. For the purpose of the present study, calculation ofsecond-order reflections was omitted and a diffusely-reflecting surfacewas assumed.

The spot jitter characteristics used in generating the laser signatureswere based upon the measurements taken during the CLGP OT 1 Tracking Tests.These tests indicated that the Ground Laser Locator Designator (GLLD)would have a horizontal component of the tracking error of about 100microradians standard deviation and a vertical component of approriately50 microradians standard deviation in daylight tests at ranges from 1.5to 3 km. In addition to a jitter component due to atmospheric scintillationof about 40 microradians SD, which as present during day tests andvirtually absent at night, a jitter component having the typical second-order dynamics of the man-operated GLLD was in evidence. Consequently,the spot motion dynamics used as input to all the flight simulations hadsecond-order Butterworth dynamics with a 0.9 hz corner frequency.

DESIGN OF COMPUTER EMPERIMEN-TS

The experimental variables described above were treated parametrically

1 1=:

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in this study. The target vehicle was assumed to be traveling at aconstant speed of 5 m/s along a straight-line path, making an azimuthalangle 4 relative to.the line of fire. The values of 0 used here are:5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 degrees. These angles correspond, respectively,to TIWG signature numbers 1 thru 5. The laser designator was assumed tobe facing the front of the vehicle at a designation range R. The valuesof R used in the study are: 1, 2, 3, and 4 km. Consistent with OT 1tracking data, the spot motion amplitudes were assumed pt ortional todesignation range for each of the target vehicle aspects gnatures).The initial deflection of the target, i.e., at the time th, flight simulationstarts, relative to the line of fire is varied parametrically at twolevels -- 0 and 300 meters. The gun-to-target range was not treatedas a parameter of interest in this study because previous studiestl,2]had established that guidance accuracy is insensitive to Lhis parameterover a wide range of values. A nominal value of 10 km was used forthe gun-to-target range. Additionally, cloud height was fixed at 2500 ftand meteorological visibility range was fixed at the nominal 10 km.Target reflectivity was also a constant 10%.

For each combination of the parameters of interest--i.e., treatmentin the experimental sense--a set of 85 replications of the terminalguidance simulation, ZOT.14, were made to form estimates of the statistics--guidance errors, terminal velocity, and impact obliquity. This Monte-Carlosample size was chosen to permit one to make discriminations betweensystems whose guidance CEPs differ by as little as 10%. In fact, with asample of 85 the probable error in the estimate of the linear standarddeviation of either the yaw-wise or pitch-wise component of the missdistance (relative to center of aim) is less than 6%--about 1.7 inchesfor a = 2.5 ft. Additionally, the variance-reducing scheme of blockingwas employed for all sources of stochastic variation. To sharpen theability to make discriminations between different levels of any parameter,the variability due to different sequences of random numbers in areplication for each type of random variable was eliminated; i.e.,corresponding replications for different parameter levels used the identicalset of streams of random numbers (although the number of values in the streamused up at impact might differ). The noise sources treated were spotmotion or jitter (previously mentioned), pitch-yaw coupling, projectileacquisition range, and initial heading error. The target position wasvaried over the replications in constant increments from a position100 meters uprange of the ballistic impact point (bip) to a position 400meters downrange of the bip.

A full-factorial set of computer experiments would involve 5 signaturesx 4 designation ranges x 2 deflections x 2 systems or 80 experiments. Theset of experiments actually performed was a partical-factorial set of the50 most probable contingencies. The matrix of experiments is shown inTable 1. The entries in the table are the run numbers used to identifyeach experiment. The reader may wish to refer to this table later.

[1] o2. cit.

[2] Op. Cit.

15

_ _ _=

TABLE 1. MATRIX OF COMPUTEREXPERIMENTS* FOR THIE COMPARATIVE

STUDY OF IMPACT OBLIQUITY

Gun-Target Range 10 Km

Initial Gun-TargetDeflection (mn) MMA ED (Oct 75) Navy AD (Specified)

Designation ____TIWG Signature TIWG Signature___Range C_____ 1 2 3 14 5 1 2 13 14 5

0 1 497 505 522 530

2 491 494 498 506 513 516 519 523 531 538

3 492 495 499 507 514 517 520 524 '532 539

-=4 500 508 525 533

300 1 501 509 526 534

2 502 510 527 535

3 493 496 503 511 515 518 521 528 536 540

4 504 512 1529 7

*Each experiment consists of 85 replications with the prescribedstochastic signature, the target being moved uniformly over a500 meter range.

16

The contingencies examined represent aboat 89% of event space.

WEIGHTING OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS F

As indicated above in the section on methodology, the estimateddistributions of impact obliquity are weighted in accord with weightfunctions each of which represents the marginal probability associatedwith a given parameter. For example, the weight function associatedwith the TIWG laser signature is shown in Table 2. Similarly, the weightfunction associated with designation range is shown in Table 3. Thesefunctions were derived from computational experience gained from the CLGPOperational Simulation (OSM) during and subsequent to the CLGP COEA. Thehistograms of seeker azimuth and designation range compiled by OSM werefurther aggregated to form the weights displayed in these tables.

RESULTS OF COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS IAlthough the primary purpose of this study is to examine the subject

of impact obliquity, a variety of derivative results may also be ofinterest. The following paragraphs address these topics: guidance accuracy, 3impact speed, angle of attack of the projectile at impact, and impactobliquity. Results concerning these subjects are intended to complementthose of References [1] and [2].

Guidance Accuracy 4

The statistics pertaining to guidance accuracy are summarized in Tables4A and B for the Army ED CLGP and in Tables 4C and D for zhe Navy 5-in/155mmsleeved projectile. A cursory examination of these tables reveals that the

= Army CLGP is more accurate than the Navy guided projectile at the samedesignation range, target deflection, and for the same signature. As ielaborated in the Memoranda for Record[l,2],the reasons for this differencereflect fundamental differences in projectile design philosophy andimplementation. At short designation ranges, the accuracy differencesbetween these systems are manifestly inconsequential. However, at rangesin excess of 3 km, or for large-amplitude spot jitter, the more sophisticatedArmy system produces higher hit probabilities.

As observed in other studlies[1,2], guidance accuracy is a strongfunction of designation range. Tables 4A through 4D show that guidance Aerror also depends upon the laser signature--which in turn depends upon

the target aspect for the designator and for the projectile seeker.Generally, accuracy is degraded as the azimuth of the projectile is permittedJ0to increase, when the designator is fixed at zero azimuth. For example,Table 4A indicates an increase in the CEP from 1.76 to 1.90 ft at adesignation range of 2 km. Because target presented area also increases

[R] 92. cit.

[2] Op. Cit.

TABLE 2. WEIGHT FUNCTION FORLASER (TIWG) SIGNATURE USED IN

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMPACT OBLIQUITY

rnTIGato Designatr 1 Seeker Weight CumulativeDsgain AE Azimuthal (Fraction) Weight

N.(deg) Aspect (deg,) _____

10, 0 5 .005 .005

215 .060 .065

3 25 .335 .400

4 35 .420 .820

5 45 .1-90 1.000

Designator aim point (inches) in Rodman T55 vehicle coordinatesystem -- (192.5, 15.5, 57)

TABLE 3. WEIGHT FUNCTIONFOR DESIGNATION RAN4GE

Designation Weight Cumulative

Range (kin) Fraction Weight

1 0.05 0.05

2 0.20 0.25

3 0.45 0.70

4 0.30 1.00

18

TABLE 4A. GUIDANCE ACCURACYSTATISTICS AS FUNCTIONS OF TARGET

ASPECT AND DESIGNATION RANGE

System: MMA ED CLGP (Oct 75)Target Deflection 0 m

Accuray Desig. Target Azimuth (deg)Accuracy Dsg

Statistic Rng. (k) 5 15 25 35 45

PHi 1 1.00 1.00

PH2 1.00 1.00

CEP(f) 0.92 0.89

SD yaw(f) 1.02 1.13

SD pitch(f) 0.58 0.56

PHI 2 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.86

PH2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98

CEP(f) 1.76 1.83 1.78 1.81 1.90

SD yaw(f) 1.54 1.78 2.00 2.22 2.56

SD pitch(f) 1.18 1.21 1.15 1.12 1.08

PHI 3 0.87 0.81 0.77 0.73 0.67

PH2 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.95 0.93

CEP(f) 2.56 2.72 2.85 2.93 3.01

SD yaw(f) 2.27 2.63 2.96 3.27 3.72

SD pitch(f) 1.75 1.79 1.72 1.67 1.61

PHI 4 0.60 0.57

PH2 0.88 0.87

CEP(f) 3.74 3.90

SD yaw(f) 3.86 4.23

SD pitch(f) 2.26 2.19

* PHI estimated probability of hitting a standard 7.5 x 7.5 ft NATO

target.

PH2 = estimated probability of hitting a T55 tank, based upon a sample

of 85 shots.

CEP circular error probable or median miss distance relative to center

of aim.

SD yaw = estimated standard deviation of horizontal component of

miss distance in impact plane

SD pitch = estimated standard deviation of vertical component of missdistance in impact plane

Confidence intervals can be developed for the above standard deviations.Based on a sample size of 85 and using gaussian statistics, these probabilitystatements concerning a follow:

P{0.889 < a/0 < 1.150} - 0.90

and

P{O.953 < a/c < 1.058) = 0.50

Thus, for a value of 2.5 ft, the 90 confidence interval is approximately

a + 4 inches and the 50% (or probable) interval is a + 1.7 inches.

19

TABLE 4B. GUIDANCE ACCURACYSTATISTICS AS FUNCTIONS OF TARGET


System: MIA ED CLGP (Oct 75)Target Deflection 300 m

Accurac eTarget Azimuth (deg)

Aury• Destg.

StaListic ,. (km) 5 15 25 35 45

PHI 1 1.00 1.00

PH2 1.00 1.00

CEP (f) 0.87 0.88

SD yaw (f) 0.77 0.87

SD pitch (f) 0.59 0.58

PH2 2 0.99 0.97

PH2 1.00 1.00

CEP (f) 1.65 1.70

SD yaw (f) 1.52 1.71

SD pitch (f) 1.15 1.13

PHI 3 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.83 0.78

PH2 0.95 0.96 1.00 1.00 0.99

CEP (f) 2.21 2.32 2.40 2.58 2.54

SD yaw (f) 1.94 2.03 2.27 2.56 2.96

SD pitch (f) 1.58 1.70 1.71 1.69 1.64

PHI 4 0.71 0.67

PH2 0.91 0.94

CEP (f) 3.10 3.37

SD yaw (f) 3.00 3.38

SD pitch (f) 2.25 2.21

• PHI estimated probability of hitting a standard 7.5 x 7.5 ft IATOtarget.

PH2 = estimated probability of hitting a T55 tank, based upon a sample-i of 85 shots.

CEP = circular error probable or median miss distance relative to center

of aim.

SD yaw estimated standard deviation of horizontal component ofmiss distance in impact plane

SD pitch estimated standard deviation of vertical component of missdistance in impact plane

Confidence intervals can be developed for the above standard deviations.

Based on a sample size of 85 and using gaussian statistics, these probabilitystatements concerning a follow:

P{0.889 < o < 1.150) - 0.90

and

P(O.953 < o/O < 1.0581 = 0.50

Thus, for a value of 0 = 2.5 ft, the 90% confidence interval is approximately

a + 4 inches and the 50% (or probable) interval is 0 + 1.7 inches.

20

TABLE 4C. uUIDANCE ACCURACYSTATISTICS AS FUrNCTIONS OF TARGET

ASPECT AND DESIGNATION RANGESystem: 5 in/155mm Navy Guided Projectilewith 2 sec rocket ignition delay

Target Deflection 0 mAccuracy Des4g.

Statistics* Rn . (km) 5 5 25 t 35 4

PHI 1 0.96 0.94

PH2 1. 00 1.0

CEP (f) 1.42 1.26

SD yaw (f) 1.84 1.96

SD pitch (f) 0.74 0.74

PHI 2 0.80 0.76 0.73 0.70 0.68

PH2 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.91

CEP M 2.65 2.78 3.09 3.44 2.99

SD yaw (f) 2.37 3.13 3.34 3.60 3.73

SD pitch (f) 1.48 1.45 1.38 1.38 1.37

PHI 3 0.64 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.55

PH2 0.84 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.87

CEP (f) 3.46 3.52 3.25 3.72 3.60

SD yaw (f) 3.75 3.95 4.12 4.35 4.51

SD pitch (f) 1.94 2.15 2.10 2.04 1.96

PHI 4 0.48 0.49

PH2 0.84 0.85

CEP (f) 4.07 3.96

SD yaw (f) 4.29 4.50

3D pitch (f) 2.73 2.56

* PHI estimated probability of hitting a standard 7.5 x 7.5 ft NATOtarget.

PH2 estimated probability of hitting a T55 tank, based upon a sample

of 85 shots.

CEP = circular error probable or median miss distance relative to centerof aim.

SD yaw estimated standard deviation of horizontal component ofmiss distance in impact plane

SD pitch = estimated standard deviation of vertical component of missdistance in impact plane

Confidence intervals can be developed for the above standard deviations.Based on a sample size of 85 and using gaussian statistics, these probabilitystatements concerning a follow:

P{O.889 < ala < 1.1501 0.90

and

P{O.953 < 0/o < 1.058) 0.50

Thus, for a value of ai 2.5 ft, the 90% confidence interval is approximatelya + 4 inches and the 50% (or probable) interval is U + 1.7 inches.

21

TABLE 4D. GUIDANCE ACCURACYSTATISTICS AS FUNCTIONS OF TARGET


System: 5 in/155mn Navy Guided ProjectileRwith 2 sec rocket ignition delay

Target Deflection 300 m

Accuracy Desig. T A.M~ath (d.. ....Stacistic* Rng. (km) 5 1 15 25 35 45

PHi 1 0.99 0.98PH2 1.00 1.00

CEP (f) 1.22 1.34

SD yaw (f) 1.46 1.64

SD pitch (f) 0.74 0.72

PHi 2 0.78 0.74

PH2 0.98 0.98

CEP (f) 2.56 2.64

SD yaw (f) 3.03 3.30

SD pitch (f) 1.45 1.45

PHI 3 0.69 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.54

PH2 0.80 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.81

CEP (f) 3.11 3.30 3.32 3.71 3.86

SD yaw (f) 3.25 3.70 3.98 4.25 4.59

SD pitch (f) 2.06 2.10 2.08 2.07 2.06

PHI 4 0.46 0.45

PH2 0.74 0.81

CEP (f) 4.27 4.24

SD yaw (f) 4.79 4.90

SD pitch (f) 2.59 2.58

* PHI = estimated probability of hitting a standard 7.5 x 7.5 ft NATOtarget.

PH2 = estimated probability of hitting a T55 tank, based upon a sampleof 85 shots.

CEP = circular error probable or median miss distance relative to center

of aim.

SD yaw - estimated standard deviation of horizontal component ofmiss distance in impact plane

SD pitch f estimated standard deviation of vertical component of missdistance in impact plane

Confidence intervals can be developed for the above standard deviations.Based on a sample size of 85 and using gaussian statistics, these probability Hstatements concerning a follow:

P{O.889 < a/ < 1.150) 0.90

and

P(0.953 < 0/0 < 1.058) , 0.50

Thus, for a value of a 2.5 ft, the 90% confidence Interval is approximatelya + 4 Inches and the 50% (or probable) interval is a + 1.7 inches.

22

4 4

with azimuth, the probability of hitting the target vehicle (PH2) does not1

decline appreciably with increasing azimuth.

The combined effects of initial deflection of the target, targetmotion, and target azimuth interact to produce a complicated picture ofaccuracy as a function of these parameters. In some instances the effectof initial deflection is to produce a more favorable target aspect at

impact. In all cases treated here, initial deflection causes a maneuverwhich reduces the terminal airspeed relative to a projectile having zerodeflection. The lower airspeed effectively reduces the terminal navigationratio and, consequently, the sensitivity to spot motion.

In comparing the accuracy estimates for the same systems derived in IIll with those in this study, differences will be noticed. Although

some system parameter values were changed for the present study, the primaryreason for the differences lies in the different laser signatures used inthe two studies. This is the case even though the laser jittercharacteristics are the same in both studies. The accuracy values presented

% in Ref 11] are based upon a designation geometry in which the designator

is at an azimuth of 45 deg to the front of the target vehicle and theprojectile seeker is at aur azimuth of zero and at an elevation of 25degrees. The signature associated with this situation is called WC'.Although the azimuthal positions of the designator and seeker are reversedrelative to the above for the TIWG 3 signature used here, the pattern ofspot motion as seen by the seeker is quite different in TIWG 3 and WC 1.For comparison the yaw- and pitch-wise spot motion standard deviationsand the coefficient of correlation between these jitter components areshown below for both signatures.

Apparent Apparent Pitch-Signature yaw SD pitch SD yawNumber (ft) (ft) correlation

WC 1 0.570 0.653 -0.10

TIWG 3 1.464 0.834 0.36

Primarily due to the difference in apparent spot motion, the CEP estimatedfor the Army ED CLGP at 3 km in [1] is 2.00 ft whereas at the samedesignation range the present estimate of CEP is 2.85 ft with zero initialdeflection and 2.40 ft with 300 m initial deflection. This suffices toillustrate the importance of choosing a common scenario when comparingthe accuracy of several systems.

Impact Speed

The mean and standard deviation of the speed at impact of the ArmyCLGP is shown in Table 5. Since only one firing zone, QE, and nominalgun-target range were examined in this study, the range of impact velocities

3Cit23

TABLE 5. MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF IMPACT SPEED OF ED CLGPFOR EACH COINPUTER EXPERIMENT

Initial Gun-Target TIWG SIGNATURE NUMBERDeflection (in ______

Designation -

Rang~e (kn) 1 j. 2 / 3 4 5

1 1810.3 809.8I 12.7 12.7

2 809.9* 809.0 808.5 807.8 806.9

0 12.5** 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.9

3 807.6 806.8 806.0 805.2 804.112.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 13.1

4 803.3 802.4

1 12.9 13.1

1782.8 784.05.5 5.8

2 781.5 782.6f300- 5.5 6.1

3 776.9 778.5 779.7 780.6 781.04.6 5.2 5.8 6.4 6.9

4 777.7 778.46.2 6.7

menspeed (fps)

sta. dev. of speed (fps)

24

is restricted relative to the operational range. Stochastic variationsin impact conditions with zone and QE fixed depend upon the variabledegree of maneuver required to reach the target. As seen in Table 5,the standard deviation in impact speed is generally less than 13 fIs for amean speed of about 800 f/s. The launch velocity in this case is 1869 fIsproduced by zone 7 of the 204201 prop. chg at a QE of 20 deg with a 145.4lb projectile.

Angle of Attack

By convention, positive yaw is projectile nose to the left whilefacing in the direction of flight and positive pitch is nose up relative Ito the direction of flight. It can be seen from Table 6 that the dis-persion in angle of attack varies significantly with designation range,slightly more than doubling in standard deviation between 1 km and 4 km.The mean ya. shows no consistent pattern and would be expected to varywith the initial heading error and the direction of target motion. Themean pitch angle is slightly positive at impact. For both systems, meanpitch at impact is about 2 deg. The pitch and yaw dispersions increasewith designation range (or laser spot jitter). Differences between systemsare not physically significant. The distribution function for the angleof attack is observed to be distinctly non-gaussian.

I=---act Obliquity

The effects of the para-meters of interest on the distribution ofimpact obliquity are shown in Tables 7A thru 7D. The median impactobliquity decreases as designation range increases; however, the dispersionof obliquities increases somewat with designation range for the Army CLGP.Consequently, the upper tail of the probability density function ofoblitity with respect to designation range is more positively skewed withincreasing range. The effect of designation range on the parts of thetarget vehicle struck by the Army CLGP is shown in Figure 4. For theNa v 5-inI w55= sleeved round, the combined effects of greater dispersionof guidance error and larger negative mean center of impacts in pitchwith respect to designation range produce more impacts on the front glacis.This has the effect of reducing the dispersion of impact obliquity withrespect te designation range for this system. See Table 7A.

The effect of initial deflection on impact obliquity statistics isfairly subtile and has a significant second-order interaction with otherparameters. For example, the median obliquity decreases somewhat withdeflection for the Army system but increases by a comparable amount withrespect to deflection for the Navy system (Table 7B). This differencein trend between systems Is explained in part by the fact that the Navysleeved-round uses a larger navigation ratio than the Army system does.As a consequence, the Navy round turns toward the target quicker than -

does the Army projectile and has a different aspect in the endgame.

As noted in Table 6C, no simple, monotonic relationship is apparentbetween mean impact obliquity and laser signature (or target aspect).

25

TABLE 6A. STATISTICS FOR IMPACTANGLE OF ATTACK OF CLGP

System: MMA ED (Oct 75)TIWG Signature: 3 (25 deg seeker azimuth)

Initial Gun-Target Yaw PitchD oAttack Attack

Designation Mean SD Mean SD_ Range_(k) . (deg) (deg)_.. (deg) (deg)

0 1 -1.0 5.6 1.2 3.4

2 -1.8 9.6 1.4 6.3

3 -2.4 11.8 1.5 8.5

4 -2.8 13.0 1.6 10.1

300 1 2.7 4.6 0.7 3.8

2 2.6 8.1 0.6 6.9

3 2.5 10.4 0.8 9.1

4 2.4 11.9 1.0 10.6

TABLE6A. (cont.)System: MMA ED (Oct 75)

TIWG Signature: 4 (35 deg seeker azimuth)

0 1 -1.0 6.1 1.3 3.4

2 -1.7 10.1 1.4 6.2

3 -2.2 12.2 1.5 8.4

4 -2.5 13.3 1.6 10.0

300 1 2.6 5.1 0.7 3.7

2 2.6 8.9 0.7 6.8

3 2.5 11.1 0.9 9.1

4 2.4 12.5 1.1 10.6

26

TABLE 6B. STATISTICS FOR IMPACTANGLE OF ATTACK OF CLGP

System: 5 in/155mm Navy Guided ProjectileI

TIWG Signature: 3 (25 deg Seeker Azimuth)

Initial Gun-Target Yaw PitchDeflection (in) Attack Attack

Designation Mean SD Mean SD

Range (kcm) (deg) (deg) (deg) (deg)

011.9 8.7 3.4 5.242 2.1 9.9 2.3 7.3

3 1.9 11.0 2.1 8.9

4 3.1 11.7 2.0 9.4

300 1 2.1 8.4 3.4 5.0

2 2.2 9.4 1.3 7.6

3 2.6 10.3 1.9 7.9

4 1.5 11.8 2.7 8.5

TABLE 6B. (cont.)

TIWG Signature: 4 (35 deg Seeker Azimuth)

0 1 2.5 8.6 4.0 4.9

2 2.3 9.8 2.8 7.2

3 2.1 11.1 2.4 8.8

4 2.4 12.1 2.0 8.8

300 1 2.4 8.2 3.7 4.9

2 2.6 9.3 1.9 7.3

3 0.6 11.0 2.4 8.0 4

4 0.5 12.0 2.4 8.6

27

_ _ _ S -

TABLE 6C. COMPARISON OF IMPACTOBLIQUITY AND ANGLE OF ATTACK ASA FUNCTION OF TARGET ASrvCT

System: Army ED CLGPInitial Deflection 0Designation Range 3 km

TIWG Signature Angle (deg)Number/Az (deg) Mean Obliq SD Obliq SD yaw attack SD pitch attack

1/5 57.3 17.6 10.5 8.5

2/15 54.0 17.6 11.2 8.6

3/25 53.3 17.7 11.8 8.5

4/35 54.2 19.8 12.2 8.4

5/45 55.8 19.8 12.8 8.2

28

_ - _

TABLE 7A. SINGLE-PARAMETERCONTRASTS FOR IMPACT OBLIQUITY:EFFECT OF DESIGNATION RANGE

System/Signature: Army ED CLGP with TIWG 3Zero Initial Deflection

Obliquity Designation Range (km)

Statistic (deg) 1 2 3 4

median obliquity 61 58 56 56

interquartile range 18 19 23 24

25 th percentile 53 48 42 42



System/Signature: Army ED CLGP with TIWG 4

Zero Initial Deflection

Obliquity Designation Range (kin)Statistic (deg) 1 2 3 4




75 th percentile. 70 69 69 68


System A- y Navy~Obliquity

ObliuityRange (kmn) Range (kmn)Statistic (deg) 2 3 2 3




29

- - = __ - - --

TABLE 7B. SINGLE-PARAMETERCONTRASTS FOR IMPACT OBLIQUITY:

EFFECT OF DEFLECTIONDesignation Range 3 km 3

System Army NavyObliquity Deflection (m) Deflection (m)Statistic (deg) 0 300 0 300



90 th percentile 76 75 75 83 A

TABLE 7C. SINGLE-PARAMETERCONTRASTS FOR IMPACT OBLIQUITY:

EFFECT OF SIGNATURE (TARGET ASPECT)

Weighted Averages

System Army NavyObliquity Azimuth (deg) Azimuth (deg)Statistics (deg)- 25 35 25 35




TABLE 7D. SINGLE-PARAMETERCONTRASTS FOR IMPACT OBLIQUITY:

EFFECT OF PROJECTILE SYSTEM

Weighted Averages

Obliquity SystemStatistic (deg) Army Navy

median obliquity 56 58

interquartile range 25 25

90 th percentile 76 80

30

LL -----

-I I1

~.1. nIftII - J T

T 7-

-~I I '*~AT L j

0I f I if iniV---I~ f

'K ' IrI 4.'

Cs-. -- ~---T-T in'I 44%L j LO I p

1 U-

~DTI X4-

311 r

The dispersion in impact obliquity as well as yaw angle of attack increasessomewhat with increase in target azimuth. Over the range of targetazimuths frequently encountered operationally--25 to 35 deg--thedistribution in impact obliquity is independent of azimuth for both Army

and Navy systems. See Table 7C.

A weighted average of obliquities over all parameters shows that thedifferences in obliquity between systems is not great. Both systemshave about the same median (within 2 deg) and identical interquartilerange. The upper tail of the obliquity probability density functionappears somewhat more extensive for the Navy system. However, in view ofthe magnitude of the effects of other parameters, the system effect isnot operationally significant.

VERIFICATION OF COMPUTER MODELS

To assure that the obliquities computed by DRSAR-SA using the SAtarget model were correct, i.e., free of computational errors, and to beable to infer the consequences for impact obliquity of changes in the

geometry of the target, it was important to have other investigators ofthis subject perform an independent analysis. As indicated earlier,DRSAR-SA had been working with members of the Physics Team of the RodmanLaboratories. This group--Amoruso, DeYoung, and Morris-had prepared all ofthe laser signatures using the ERIM target reflectivity model. The autLorasked Dr. Amoruso to consider using the target submodels--HIFAC and LOFAC--to compute obliquities for this study rather than to calculate lasersignatures, which is the intended application of these models. The PhysicsTeam agreed to modify the target models to calculate the angle betweena given input vector and the normal to the surface facet which thevector initially intercepts. Additionally, a postprocessor computerprogram was written to calculate and display the obliquity statisticsin a form comparable to our own.

To minimize confounding effects which would render comparison ofmodel outputs difficult at best, the impact-plane statistics produced bythe SA flight simulation, ZOT.14, were provided as input to all of thetarget models. All target models were properly indexed geometrically.Specifically, the center of aim for all models is as shown in Figure 5.Additionally, the center of impacts for all models was identical. Impactobliquities reported by the postprocessor for each target model were comparedpoint by point to eliminate the possibility that grossly different targetplane impacts had occurred. To facilitate comparison of results, eachmodel reported identical statistics and in the same format. Examples ofpostprocessor outputs are shown in Figures 6 thru 11. In these figuresthe results of experiment 491 are displayed using both the HIFAC and LOFACtarget models. A three-way comparison of HIFAC, LOFAC, and SA modelswas performed using data from the following experiments: 491, 492, 493,497, and 505. See Table 1 for interpretation of experiment numbers. Forall other experiments only the results from the LOFAC and SA models wereobtained. All the results obtained by the Physics Team at Rodman [4]are in the Appendix A of this note.

[4]Unpublished results from Rodman Laboratories, Physics Team, SARRI-R,31 May 76, gubject: Results for Obliquity Study--Comparison with ZOT.14

32

u-41

-. E-4

* 04-4

tic

M~ 0aLINn

*MIA"-

- t

33D

RODMAN LAB-PHYSI_.

HI FFI Cu1APlSI .3011 1I TH ZOT. 14 R.UI 49 1 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 0 MISSES

THEY IERE REP'-' it:

OBLIQUITY rAHGLES IN '-CEING ORDER (DEG

i3 F. 3 - 2 .-

'9 8 "'9 833 45.3W 7 54.24-4 44 63 .0354 26 71 8401,-,,5 27.4 54.4544, ,78 10. 8549 70 45.... .7 72.22,:,-:62 19.2570 31 46.4-152 51 54.503 50 63. 90306C2 1. -1 " " "-I- -

5 24. 7089 9 47.'- 12 55.1322 64.0855 41 73.417C

19 4.9-5, 81 44.53 48 55.2345 11 64.97 87 69 74..-6.3:,. "... 75 48.4514 79 55.6472 6 66.4740 68 74.6205-

4 .. 4 48. 4882 61 55.7017 15 66. 862 5 74.9739,; 6 -. r' 4 46" 1 0'"- 6 77 ." - 7 .- 8

14,.8961 21 60.763 20:L 75..8.043 .. 8478 57 49.3113 74 57.3926 47 67.9636 8 77. 07.7477 16. 1319 42 49.936 2 58. 1233 121 68. 1801 33 78.4471

150054- - i ..2 21, 24 68. 720 4'_ 79.01611 4i.2"23 63 5 1.7254 6 59. 3-9 45 69. 00 '1- - 4

0 43 .2223 53 52. 5320 16 59.5320 35 69.,54. 14 81.F1.-.573 -,?.9-22 52 53.0874 10 61.1110 4 70.'904 5 83.448]

54 44 44, 7 29 536. : , 17 61 . 39-4 13 ...

e- 44.9036 58 5i:. 6299 66 61.4910 67 71 .A47

OE:LIiUITY MEAN 55.3863 DEG, STANDIARD DLVIATION 17.098? ""EG

PERCENT I L ES;RANK DEVIATE0.05 20,0.10 30 84-0.15 3,4,ED0.20 1.810.25 46.450.30 4. 570.35 -0.720.40 53.0.45 54.530.50 55.70

0.55 5-4.380.60 61.440.65 63.6::0.70 66.78

0.75 G8.720.80 71.120.85 72.33'0.90 74.83t,.95 78.90

Figure 6. Sample Postprocessor Statistics Using the HIFAC Target Model

34

1-4

4)

'41

-H m

0 0

o

447 44

46 0Is

'4

354 A1*

t. 41

IV.

V

t -A

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H ..36

RODMANl LAE:-PHYS ICS

LCOFAt COMPAiRISON WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 491 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 0 H11SS ES

THEY WERE REPS #

OBLII2LITY AtNGLES IM ASM iJ NG ORDER (IEG):

78 5.3'94 4 45. 9553 48 55.2345 44 6.035 7 71. 8092-9 11.5741 4 F 4. 2 .:,i 12 55.343.323- 7 2 63. 2242 2 6 71.8401

4-3 19.3000 449 561 55. 6472_5' 63.9030 1 72. 3639:2:3 ~ C d992 4.53 6 55.7017 82 94.0055 54 7.1

38 22.'3769 446 51 159) 1 b4 77 313 25 . 526 5 4 4 5 14 21 56.7631 1 66. 8 620 403 73.0169

G5 32.831 24 46. .48 -0!25 57.1706 2 0 67.!5E 41 73.417028 3236 - 4'8g.#8 96 1 80 58. 2'6 -17 67. 96"6 69 74.5600

= 6 360275 74 49. 4344 7 7 5 8. 4287 1R 6 .1801 68 74.620546 3 6 -E367 7 17 49a.5663 E64 59.18*58 2-*4 8.20 32: 7 4 .7 236

39 39. 3077 42 501.1 4 2 2 63 59.1971 45 69.0033 5 74. 9739.9 4 0. 27 23 52.32 16 59520 3 69.5408 22 76C..283 I

716 42.9407 5 513 . 29:3 4 10 61 .3%:*1173 4 70. 1904 8 7 7 .0 773 44.1520 *. 53.6299 1 6138 4 04542 7.

56 45. 3398- -' .12 b. 6410 6 76773 55 83.448183 45 3577 3 5 4 .0,--4 G 19 61.28142 G7 71.494770 45. 9357 171 54.2424 36 62.6741 27 7161f

OE:LIQ'JIT'Y MEANI 56.2672 I'EG5 STANDARD DtVIATION 1.12tE

PERCEIL ES:RANK DE'.'I ATE

0.10 34 950.15 41.S70.20:, 45.820 .25 48.26

0.40 54. 150.45 55.6901.50 58-. -'230.551 59.890.60 62.160.65 64.0C1I0.70 67.88.0.75 69.540 .80 -1.520. 85 72.380.90 -74. 100.95 76 .02'

Figure 9. Sample Postprocessor Statistics Using the LOFAC Target Model

37 -

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V

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380

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39~

In spite of the apparent differences in the target geometry representedby the HIFAC, LOFAC, and SA models, the est-mated distribution functionsfor impact obliquity are surprisingly similar. Using the HIFAC resultsas a base, differences in the obliquity percentiles were taken for each runand are selectively displayed in Figures 12 thru 15. One feature that iscommon to all the comparisons is the overestimate in the percentile valuesbelow the 20 th for both the LOFAC and SA models. As shown in Figures 12and 13 for Run 497, the LOFAC and SA models underestimate the probabilityinvested in the lower tail of the probability density function. Con-sequently, relative to the HIFAC results, the simpler target models tendto overestimate the lower percentiles. However, for percentiles abovethe 20 th, approximately, the differences in percentile values are generally2 to 3 degrees. Similar results are shown for Run 505 in Figures 14 and15. One must conclude that a highly-faceted target model is a requisitefor accuracy only if one is concerned with the lower zail of the distributionof obliquity, viz, below the 15 or 20 th percentile. One may also infert.at slight departures from the basic geometry of a particular targetvehicle--of the sort examined here--will not significantly affect the majorportion of the distribution of impact obliquity.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS IThe .nterpretations of important results discussed above are

summarized here. Both guidance accuracy and impact angle of attack are moststrongly affected by designation range (or, alternatively, the magnitudeof apparent laser spot jitter). It is noted that the distribution ofimpact obliquity is a function of characteristics of the operationalscenario. Such parameters as designation range, target azimuths relativeto the designator and relative to the seeker (affecting laser signature),and the initial deflection of the target relative to the direction offire all affect the distribution of obliquity. However, when a representativeuniverse of engagements is considered, the averaged obliquity distributionsfor the two projectile systems--Army and Navy--do not differsignificantly. Both systems exhibit 'edian obliquities between 55 and 60degrees with a 25 degree interquartile range. There is a somewhat greaterthan 10% likelihood that a guided projectile will impact with an obliquityin excess of 75 degrees. This fact may be important to the selection o2a fuzing system. If surface wave sensors are not employed as part ofthe fuzing system, it appears that warhead function will suffer bydudding and non-optimaliv delayed action. This issue merits additionalinvestigation by experts in terminal effects. it is suggested that theresults of the present study be used in a detailed analysis of thelethal effects of CLGP.

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Figure 14, Differences in Obliquity Percentiles Between Target Models for' Run 505I

43 - -

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APPENDIX A

RODMAN LABORATORY RESULTS FOR OBLIQUITY STUDY

Next page is blank.

45

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HI F A O:H01FR1C I 11-, ITH 'OT. 14 RUII 492 PRGE I

THERE WERE 2 111-SSE-;

THEYi WERE REPS #: 60 T2

OBLIQUITY AIGLES IN FIScENID I NG iRDER'. 'DEG)

5 7. C-7.27 51 4 4. G 5 4 93. : 32 74 6. 1 . --9 ,. 71. .311 ' . '22 39 44. .,: .3. 2 C..3 1:3 , 4 71 ..:8 _, 10

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25 23.8790 51 47.3670 59 55.9500 12 65. 1774 42 74. £-,7:-:--26 24.690 33 47.4749 '31 56.4,-, 6:. 3363 43 74. 560080 26. 3053 36 4:;:. 3100 21 57.34: 6 22 69. 5 -9739 :34 76.208.0'31 2'.7459 29 4.S.7101 50 57.99-4 4e 6 . 1134 24 "7.894515 29.7897 30 49.6771 32 58. 0963 49 ,6 . 9 24 5 70 77.9 9-2079 31.5511 77 49.3700 47 53.4026 69 6,.2911 71 78.044945 35._703 62 49.9160 63 58.6609 13 68.477- 1 78 , 74:341 :35. 43 61 77 . , 6 . t8. : ,39. 17 1 .6 . , 6 ,-.,_6852 ." 3 44 0.:3159 63 59 . 4334 8 6:3. ::41 , 20 3-.97161 37. 3779 40 51.2360 23 59.967 16 69. U09 66 83. 9454

64 41.0'370 4D 51. 3'-24 2 -0.7176 9 70.584 5 7 94. ,-.31., 42 0 :( 2' 53'. 0:340 75 C-. ::447 1 70. 93.496 4 3.3 13:, 78 53. 579 82 61.":- 7 71. 2342'" "

O'BLI!UITY MEAN 55.6619 'EG! STAND'ARD DEVIATION 17.3903 DEG

r RCEtTiLES:F:I. % DE',; I ATE0.05 2.3.440.10 2'9.160. 15 36. 420.20 43.070.25 47.110. 30 48.900.35 50.490.40 53.130.45 54.740.50 58.000.55 59.000.60 61.210.65 64. 220.70 66.010.75 68.690.80 71.010. 5 73.390.90 77.220.95 81.09

59

HIFAC CIIARIStIW WITH ZOT,*. 14 RUII 492' PAGE 2

pFACET HO. NO' OF IMPACTS

162

2

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LOFC C0'IPARIFI:L WITH Z0I. 14 RUH7 493 PAGE I

THEFPE IERE MI .II...ES

THEY WIERE REPS #: 59 "5 78

LItLITY FIGLES IN A :-TEI 11 . NG OF'DER TIEG-:

.8. o 6 47.4439 6A 59. 232 L -. S '1 ;;. I - -- C. I%., I** -'*"- ==

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74 17. 1330 ' 49.1919 0 59. ,0'-09 f7 C .2:0: , - .8 79.9f,32 18 29 E. 4 49.6188 15 5.8269 7. 0 t- ' 7 81. 1739

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16 21. 0l44f 68 53. 5561 51 61 .-N044 - 54 72. -L, ':.. 8I6.8!.I

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52 :". 059' 51 10 56 4729 53 - 51 " 74.4-08 9'-- 92 .:S . 94 - 13 65 56. 4_52 ; 66 6:3. 178 2 74. 59.3 .

V:,,:. , o . 5 , 3 5 64 . 8 39 95 42 74 . 7,1514 3'9. 3788 4 i 57. 6 7 8F3 41 66. 7 6- 24 7.219.

:LI':,UITY MEAN 57.- 8625 'EG, STAtIARDI DEIATIO,N 21.0641 TEG

PERCV 1T ILE':F:, ,HK BIE'*-I ATE0.05 1i.36"J

0.10 19.850.15 28.70C1.20 :'19 . l20.25 4 9. 120.30 51. 390.35 54.291

0.40 5 7.340.45 is 7""60.50 cl -0.0.55 6212 -0.60 64.660. 65 C. :. 490.70 71.440. 75 ?3.410, 80z 74.610.85 79.02

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THERE WERE 6

THEY WERE F.EP-:_ #: 2_ : 47 .., 75

O'BLIOUITY AIGLES IN A 3C E H II-I G u .'"F" (IiEG):

"' 3SEE7 6 49.'-.! 7 4- 57.6788R " 66.6125 2 74I. ,::-

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21 19.8707 1951. _ 4 '....991 ; ... 5205 - 8.44 -.71 20.9765 12 51. 5493 13 59.73S6 7 70.9869 1 81.2216 21.0447 C. 0 15 5 9 .. 269 34 71. 152 2c. -3 36 58 "i 46 60. 0722 4 7. -_A0 .j. tJ i

.-,.-.:383 50~ ~ 60.:.676 44 74. 25_ I,52-':- :3:0. . ... hiFI 6 ~ .. .- , :. "- 30 60.496._-: .>-"-'o 73 2 19 3 6. ';:

3 _4 61. 2044 73. 4573 .~ ~ ~~ ~0 44.9 6: 57 3? "

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14 39. 788.3 6. 7;o 64. 5114 2 74. 003-5 41.026 5 77 6 64.._40 .63 74. 076480 43. 9029 5-. 57. 85 5 65.2164 22 74.4119

uELIOUITY HEAI 56.9747 DEG: .-THN,ARD DEIFTIOII 19. 3-' E'G

PE RPET LES :RAIIK iEVI ATE0.05 1.0. 10 21.040.15 :2.460.20 41.100.25 49.4:-0.30 51.550.2'5 -r3, 740.40 56.60

0.45 59.000.50 59.700.55 60.370.60 62.850. 65 66. FZ0. 70 68.350.75 72.7.0.80 7.30.C5 74.410.90 7 7.970.95 85 0

67

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RODIMANI LAE-FHY.,CS

LOFiII: COMPFtRISt 011, ITh ZOT. 14 RUH 494 PFiE

1HERE WERE 0 MISES

THEY WERE REPS #:

OBLI IT'",' ANGLES IN ASCENIIIG OR.ER (DEG":

11 - 2. 0 5 41 4],. ", 43,7 6,-,' 55.9152 56 62. 1299 7 . 78 C :-26 10 . 2701 75 44..12 " 56. 0C33 74 62.8 . ..,1 32 6. 7112 72 45.78 1 56. 15, 6:3.2504 1 2 . 5 47'4

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67 2?.1221 36 47. "95' F7. 9214 • 65.2779 44 ...48 3. 2 93 83 't -. 5 1 '-2 58. 6467 1 65.6015 4:3 74. 682 Cr.76 _.2 58 66.1730 1 0 174 -7276 32 5 'P_ ... 51 49.012E6 66 5 .9.- 2-2 ".'' 1 6_.70 4823 6.4 11 62 498 1 5.5504 6 6 7.2790 34 75. 2, -'

40 33.2 1775 65 51.3-75 79 59. 6284 :E:0 67. 7291 10 76. 442215 33. 7281 77 51 . C'S 5 53 59.7367 20 68.5603 24 7 6 . 5378 36. 955 55 1906 12 59849 49 68. 7295 14 7851:5 3 7. 5630 25 5-, 255- 6 0. 2130 3 69. 0462' 3'. 7.,.47 .3'. 4277 C 54 .2993 .7867 70.4061 71 79. 6685..C 39. 3 174 21 54.6007 19 61.6846 16 70.9518 57 . .;--' 70 C f..... o4 154,9 40. 397 3 54 .93, 612 61 .7410: 9 71.4587 2 7 --4.33156 41. 115c 54 1791 4 1.7429 "-'71.516 4 8C.8141

OBLIQUITY MEAN 56.4515 DEG STHiARD DEVIATION 17. 204- DIEG

PERCENT ILES:RAI. DEY'IATE0.05 19.91

0.10 :31.830.15 37.500.20 41.640.25 46.35

0.30 49.680.35 53.87

0.45 57.5

0.50 59.510.55 60.390.60 E1.9:0.65 65.070.70 E. .370.75 69. 7.30.80 7' . 670.85 73.140.90 75.720.95 79 .51

7_

F;FIGCE 2'

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FACET NO. NO. OF IMHPACTS1 -G 19

178 7

242 5

146

134

135 2. 13 72

2._4 2

2171i-2 11-270 1

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LOFAC COIiPARIF'ISOI WITH ZOT. 14 RLIN 495 PAGE 1

THERE WEFE - I S E S

THEY WEFE IEP It: 6 I7

uIBL I I!LI I TY fIIGLES INI SEr' C EtI I D G ORDER ,-DEG :

12 4.4805 1: 3:-.E 7i- 83 50.4191 27 60 ..31 . 73. 87429 15 . . ,. 62 0728 23 7054C5 69 74. 1196

17 12.E3'2 35 41 . 05 59 5e.0967 75 60. 4939 4 4.2215-2 G.. I. 74 ... 1.s C 4 726 5. 78 41. :i4 7 5-3.462C_ .4 61 . 1635 5d -. 6-

9 13. .12 11 41 7"X4. 7.3 53. 530 49 62. 0934 84 76. 092645 14. 1556 3 41.91454 50 55. 0348 8.'2 6 .2886 43 76. 589514 14.64 E 29 76 42.6050 55 55. 3338 6 62.7848 34 77.140340 20.4371 56 44 .114: 31 55. 425 18 62 .973 21 27. G.C. .. * . _--- _,. 1,_' .* '*7* 2 77 .::::-

4 --' . ...7470 52 4 4. 116. 9 54 56,. -83 19 65. 0362 71 it.,, --:?,.

t- 2.-., 7 4 Q j . "6.1 22 55.2030 70 78. 3 479 6835 85 46. 838- _ 68_ 53 57 .6191 57 65.3959 2. 78.3561

, 601 64 47.-0255 G:I 59.002 46 66.6317 21 79.0-0-005~ 91 .K I -.I 4,,-, 7' 93- 7. ...

5. ... 5270- 36 47. 145' : .- . ;'67 37 675 , 9.7, 6 ,0., 155 9 4 4 51 .56 4151 648 "3". 1-'; 17 47 48... --,-.,3 2.. ,° 0....825

_ 35.. , 51 49.. 52813 41 59.6076 16 69.6671 10 3...4,382517 44 49. 421, 60.0390 is 71.1791

30.- 822 29 50. 1390 24 60.11753 1 71. 2'111

OBLI UITY MEAN- 52. 8254 DEG, STANDARD D ,'IAT I O 19.7559 DEG

FERCEIT I LES:RAtt ]T' E'," I ATE0. 05 i 82.'0.10 21. 36li. 15 "2-.-" ?1,.0.20 38.600.25 41.380.30 44.110.35 4700.40 49.850.45 53.39'0.50 55.430.55 59.0 ."0.60 60.090. 65 60.90-

0.70 62b~0.75 66.-30.80 71.190.85 74.81'0.90 77.470.95 79.52

75

LIFAC C:CiI1PAF:ISl WijI iTH2CtT.H. 49 FIR GE2

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1 '-' .1

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4 .1ROrIMAI LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC COHPARISON WITH ZOT. 34 RI.I! 496 PAGE I

THERE WERE 3 P1 I 5oES

THEY WERE REPS : 20 2.3 5OBLI .UITY ANGLES IN ASCEIpIING ORDER (DEG)::'

32 8. 5664 43 42.4704 58 50.7* 0 -5.91 :. . ._-:. -I

31 12.8124 63 4. 14 .-.s 15 5 "9.448 14. 3:712 43 ., 53 52. 091 69 60.0511 62 181 14.6029 54 43. 68 9'79 6 6.42 3 4

8 14. 621 46 44 54 .9710 18 60.947 7474 16. 4526 79 45. 0-:3 25 53.334 41 741..'-,4",.-1 1 -, ... 34"' 41 6 2 29. 3_" - --

36 1,_- .- , 17 45.2012 61 53 3860 51 617855. " '922 20.8745 64 46.2911 77 53.9371 73 64.5792 2 77.4 293.o 957 664 84 179 ' '7 4'

11 23.6647 84 46. 7324 1 54.0418 12 65.2827 50 79.3216 25.5987 70 47.0197 56 54.8976 57 66.201' 85.024*21 26. 392 71 47. 7915 65 56. 4366 42 67. 158 13 86.31 ':'47 29.394 80 49. 2745 44 56. 9585 76 6. 0'-

8 ?4.505 27 49.,45 85 5. 5179 10 69. 7641 Q 89.5i I .52 3 9 -"6 35 49.6605 30 57.-2_, 49 61200. -9.52 ;., .14 .4:

71.408._- 40 95.5 9 -

3. 39 .124 9 49 7960 1 9 57 . 678R4 7 7 1 . ...k4 39- 20 83 4 9. 0'' 5 8.

14 3 .2:..0 4 50P. 6364 55 72 C. 503 i66 42.33017 45 50.3180 3 58. 8212 75 72.7736

O:LIc!LIITY MEANI 53.4268 DEGi STANDARD DEVIATION 19. 3389 DEG

PERCENITI LEc:RANK rE'V/ItiTE0.05 14.610.10 21.710.15 3i. 92e.20 41. 35

U. 25 43.860.30 46.190.35 4 '9 . 2, 80.40 49.950.45 52.240.50 53. 60.55 56.780.60 58.440.6 60.020.70 62.13,9.5 67.-20. 0 71.96

-, ,"3. 920.90 75.11L. 95 86.12

79

Lc'fCc pfjRTI$OtI WITH ".014 RUN 496 P4G E 2'

FACET 110. HI10. OF 1M1PALTS'

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14 2'147235

14 2

2702

2701

141

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THERE WERE 0 M I SS'E S

.HEY WERE REPE'S #:

o.BLI.UITY ANGLES IN AS':EIJI IG ORDER r(DEG)::

41 1, 5797 44 49.9800 12 56.-9 2'21 59 66.7811 2-C3 i . 476 22. 0 7 :., 50. 2668 1 .56. 7970 , - 12 7 . i C35 ... 0425 77 7 50.7049 46 57. 1 52 67. .. .. 3 L:1i32,0 26. 1048 51 5102 19 57.7203 21 67. .'1 '1 7.348 27..7080 0 4 . 3 . 6 ,, ,- 9 "I 9 7. ,4, -9,43 3. 2.94 82 . 4 66 57. 9761 47 . 7 2-'9. 4958

65 32.7006 55 5,"2. 4 8 5 49 57. 9 9, 40 69. 6203 72.'4527 36.557.-3 63 52.8-'28 6 58. 4605 17 69.8239 1G 72r91519 41.6493 54 5.-.9885 7 58.5177 62 6. -,:3 7 ,. ' :.' 081 45.2395 73 5 3 ..212 8 13 .10 69 "69.987561 46. 74 31 53. 2865 64 6. 81 2 .054 34 73, 6'.T34f-,-.. 77 .4- .5 - 0_-' 7: ': 3-" -,70 14 5 3..' .'601 F44, 3. 73 5

-6..- -4.6.. .... 14 3.,r, "" 1 , 74 4. " '-, 70. 8 6 1 74. :275 417. 2157 2- 55. 5041 45 64. 869..'' 70 : L 4

83- 4? .835 15 5. 66 - 68 6 .54 , .- 70,7 3 5 1 4 . 94:" 48 ."" -":" ' a56. 48.5351 55.9380 4 65. 7910?, 70 71.0664 24 75.2 222.... .. i-8' 2.,, 26 1 . 0' 7 8-,'28,1 48. 5475 3 56 .11_2 31 26. - 2 7. 0 78 7, 762, EL458 49.1415 50-1 5. 1867 80 66.5699 20 71C-A'- ' o6.

OE:LIC)UITY MEAN 58. 9332 -. EG STANDARD DEYIFITION 1.3. 9352 DEG..

FER:EN T I LES:RANK DEYIATE0.05 26.590.10 3.6 UJ

0.15 47.18

0. 25 51.580.30 52.970.35 55.520.40 56.230.45 57.180.50 58.520.55 64.870.60 66.700. 65 769".0.70 69.87

0.75 70.69.80 71.73

0.8-, 72.450.90 73.130.95 74.86

83

I

LOFAC COMAFfRIION WITH ZOT. 14 RIN 4917 PAGE 2

FACET HO. n. OF IMPACT"231 28137 24

42324

234-234

-1I 362 ".4 ..-

- 22 ---8"240 2

- 17 1

171 1

4. 1

278 1286 1

84

1:1%44o .

- .44.

LLw

.44

V4

to ~

85

Is>-UI-

tr. I- l

RODMANht LhE',-PHY SICS

HIFACW COIPFISOM WITH ZOT.14 RUN 497 PAGE I

THERE I.E.:E 0 HISSE:'.E

THE" MERE REPS: 1I

O B L J U I T ',I ,T Y F I N , , L. E,_ , .. ._, "3'CI NIH1 1 1 E r h ., l, ,3 O R D 'E F ,:: B I ; )48 11 . 5880 47.9'"-" ' 5"53.- 8' 2 6783571. 0782

2 4"- 3'q 55. 5041 74 674 "f".' 7 1 .3267

23. 50~~ 18 16 7S

2. 5I.74 48.39 4. - 5 7. -.53 1.3, 34 5" 41.6 19 2 55..2 9 7:,' 6 -. 4 2. 4 5,. 15.4151. .49 7, i415_ 57F. 8900 . 409 4 T 2" . S.

-51 .9, 44 9 o,.-__ -. 4-.44,"69 1. 4 83 2 5..4 2L : 57. 916 1 69 5699 i i 60 4 7 1 4

S1 4.365 55 F24' 49 57.73 I9 . I . 724. 51G:-?0

.7 .F,17.9 70 4 .. '-'d l 01 . .5C 56 . I:-X ' , ..<:. ,fo. *1,_. 18 7 ,56 n

41 4'3 .179 36 50. 266: 18 56.7 '; £9 , 4. 72 45

.~ 4rr'f e C, - " 4- r. ol.I I

-5 2 . 0635 3. 54. 1$' 5. 5535 21 7 .1-049 4.G 7f2. "- 7 7 . ", -, - ,3 9 o , ..: 1 4 5 1 5 1 . 0 2 6 1 9 5 7 .72 0 '3 Iz 7 r, .. , eq-:

S 39.4015 60 52. 1437 : 57.-803 1 47 69. 49M 1. 3 7b 4.44L'BL7IUi 41 1'E,2 5 . 3 EG, N D.... D EC41 1,- 8- , 7 .97 61 40 F- b9. 62 7 0:, 73. 6934

0. 10 24 . 0 I, :5

... 0.1 44_,.3 6 .4 05 ,. 9,''''-

4.92 I _. - 715. " 22.'5 46... "... S8.5177 52 .337 4T. -:- 30 31 0 , . 9.. 7 1 G 0 . 5 S- 22- _' -' ,'.05 2 =, 7 6 . _.-, 5' ,:75 4 ". 21 57 14 5'. : 15 , 6.: _.-- 7_ I... ,'fG.:: 6-_ ' 7. _.,-"- ''.

CI-TOU'" M'E 16.' N 74 19 DEC

!04EAH 55 5643 T. NPAF -lilT-

PERCEfIIl E R FIN K DE; ,;! ATE-7

0 . .5 13 70. 10c 2 4. ,4

015 44489

.5 50 6 2-o., 52.31

0. 40 5 I400.45 5G.04

0.7 67.9i0.75 69."3j0.80 71.000.85 ;-2.920.980 71.700- 0. 90 712 . 7-8

0.95 74.86

. =- = ____-- - __ - -- -=-- - -- =. - =- - --- _

-HIFAC CciI1PAFI:sOtl WITH 70T. 14 RUIN 49 7PG

FACET NO. NOt. OF IMrPACTCC

254 4f 4

4 f 4179

7

164

171

12943i1

16488

I3 44.

444

44.

4

89

IAtai

= Inl

ELM Imw-

JVZI

mm-4

-= mu90

RODIAN LAB-PHYSICS.

LOFAC COMPARISON WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 498 PAGE I

THERE WERE 0 MISSE

THE' WEFE REPS #:.A

CIBLIQUIT'7 AINGLES IN ASC:ElI'iIIG ORDER (DEG):45 14.5968 41 43.4223 574 62.4062 28 "71. 1917

11 16.7741 61 43. 973 5 , .- ,. , 62. 7321 7 71.2620

27 -21.2047 65 44.2080 63 56-456.4 38 63.. 4062 9 1.76 23.4171-: -EP j.:,-- "- " = -- .. 1 -n-7-_1 44.7807 .5. . 5700 4 G -,. 4141 1 71. 64'9

67 2A 05 44 9A AC19~ 51 fC 5. 6 . -2 6555.6

-: e% -

"" "== L.*I A. t., j...i o =.. =a . - -.. L*, . o~', 7:-, .4b-

4:: ,...541.72.2 ,.03_, 66.6722 42 7:_-. i_.5

25 27..2 191 .. 4C. 29E 1 532- 58. 2084 22 67.0244 .. 73.:.-,77.1 5, 48. 4461 2. 59. 14.1077 .,6 ," 4. -

78 30. 4299 .:. 49.4759 12 51 9.2,04 4 67.68 1 10 75...5 31. 1062 66 49.6099 18 59.6787 71 68". 145-7 34 75. o '

~ .4: 2 51.0464 50 7095 8.2 . 43 75.--3,,S.33.,.45,., 77. i 067... 51 51 .4141 6 61.3942 2i 47

79 36..3,"o02' 14 5.-. 1577 81 61.4348 2G 69. 3-36:3 2. 4 77.48.915,' 42.4701 55 ,v 4 1974 4'.- 6 9.5 8 5 5 44 0

-1 42.. 72.-2 7 55.0414 E . "04. 4 717 1-2. F 21!

OBLIUITY MEAN ".167 DEL,, STANDARD DEH. .IHTIutN 16 7618 DEG

PERCENT ILiS:RANK DEVI ATE0.05 690. i0 26.71C1.15 31.50ij 2 j . -.=.

0.25 44. 850.30 48.070.3,5 51. u0.40 55.250.45 56.750. 50 58. 210.55 61.090. 60 62.210. 65 Cc'.30.70 67.150.75r 69.030.80 71.050.85 72. 140.9A 73. 830.95 76.76

91

A

LOFAC COfIPAR I SON11 WTH 20T. 14 RIM U 74. PAGE 2

FACET 110. NO. OF TIMPACTS,;

170 is242 6

4 iA

146C

-24 0 2

1 '- A-

137 -

82 1-291 1

-1'3 4 1

141

2176

23591

-mm1

KaiITM

Inn

w 4r.

I- LIIn

a.

0L.

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I-4,

In w u- l W 37.1 ' m J -

93

IL

m1201

x 11-

7..tc M La

oxI-

LI94

RODI'IIi LAE-PHYSICS

LOFAC C:OtPRISOil WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 499 PAGE 1

THERE WEF:E 4 '.IISSES

THEY WERE REPS i: 4 54 60 72

OBLIQUIT? ANGLES.. IN AS_-CE;D i 1G ORDER tl ES;:

1 2 8.83722 13: 39.S597 2 S 51 .8 296 , : '. 5200 "P 0 947-- , .7t..3!t. .:. p. 7 , 4T

40= 11.6501 61 41.473:E s 5,.!847 F' 0.6$28 I 71.578045 .::T3 ' -.""77 9 5 94 3 w.iq3922 4 74:*; I_23 27 1 5',_ 2.-;-, ,=,.-.: ::-._ _ .- 4C.4- ''- r1_ .~ .7=i ' ... 4 3.

67 4 .6.. 6 ,,. Ag .' i O -4 * ._ . -," _,° 2 3 5 -.. 74 ."6.":6..

79 %0.466 5S 36 46.8:-36e 73~ 1': . j 2!_ 17 .6497 11 ". 5 ,613, .,4 :: 3 1 . .. .4 5 1 5 4 7 . 0 3 5 .'8 _3 1 5 . .- 5* .' : .. .i § -.-...57. _ 7 1 7 7 .0 :5: ..

254 l % 4Ct C' .1e 4- ~ - - -. L7 __r.-

1 .. I- C. dI 7 - 1 ,- - v

5 4 a-- d' -- t. - 7w 77.*8 9216751 ; 2' 447.4v.,45t 55z-. 5-05 42!4, .. ..... 3

79 , . .r. C.. .. A " , r *T =c r- 2 -1 . -.4- ,541 *--4. 6 2 .... . -

% -. :? ... . So 8 5 -5 ..26.Y- 33 4. . .9eS 27 0 64. -' 412 9..

50 4c'*j. 4r 43:5. 64 84 5 68 14 57.6155 #r c-.,.--- 5 p3 5i C74 " 2 5 .61 5 1 7 2,

C 4 n. - "- o7- -"-.7.4Ct. c4 J'.r8 -,>r Dc

-%fl~~~ -. CQ X I .-9 6. 51 .8232 ,. 59. 2966 8 A7,

OBLIQUITY HRIIa 53.0346 DE., STAN-DARI' DE'IRT'ION !7.345 DES

PERCEiT i LESRf 141' D E ..'I F1T ERA.; 05 E1IATEU . 1u s1.d4

-. 15 .34.290.20" 37:. 79,

0. 25 42. 120.30 46. 97O1. 3-5 4.'.

1. 40 51.660. 45 52.15(1.50 54.460.55 57.110.60 53.220.65 60.5-U. 70 62.5 2i. 75 64.P6

0.30 67.150.85 70.750.90 74 .60.95 7.'0

95

F-CE -] -.-9. O e-..- - r

--~ -

71 I.

134

142c177179

-246

C-.- - I

-13' I

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P98

ROPAIi LFIE:-PifYS IS -CS

- LOFAC COIPFARISONI WITH ZOT.14 RUII 500 PAGE 1

THERE WEF.E 10 S113$E'--

THEY WERE REF8 #: 4 10 1 38 41 5 4 60 72 73

OBLIQUITY ANGLES IN A-'C E IN (1E1'

45 13. 5746 47 45. 4566 741 59. 137 19 67. 2268 43 80. 6 175.- i. 11408 6 45.. 795 21 59. 9418 51 67. 9602 70 80. o-

29 18. 4185 64 46. 1728 2 60. 1216 F. 0837 24 82.11553D.5 21.121 22,40 ... 3,795 71 60.3729 -2 68.5712 65 84.E156,7 2. 55C6 59 49. 1990 11 -C.724 17 69. 8131 12 8'. 88 87526 36.4017 84 49.7028 85 61. 7575 58 69. 9087 6 6 9 6 . 1I48 37. 3922 51.4.11 63 62.2.- 16 69.9457 80 96.399113 3'.3'9' 49 51.71~5 62.2444 1 70.1869i,:,~~- 1-,- 2,5e 4 .,lb 70. 653376 58 -,471 7 2 . 466 50 &2. 8,31 70. ,58361 39.4207 83 52.78 2-.-- 441o ~~~ 22 .... 452.9u 22,, ,.,., 8 .'; ". -8 170-. 8441

46 40. -3 62 5:3. 0822 2-' -5..768 1 7.5711•:. 4.1:49 78 53.5111 .'-' 6316 4 .111 5, 4469 44. 0694 34 56. 221 6 64. 7658 9 1.. 985079 44. -3 20 57. 4071 44 65.4 .31,59 76. ".226T.- 5 .48,29,, - -,- --6 6. 0 7967

82 44. 3 5 13 27 57.3429 37 66.0796 :1 40. 109- :3A 44. :3763 55 5,72.'71209 57 G. 5 116 1 :-3 -1.'3382

6.44.- 7 5. ._42 8 6. 71 80..5289

OBLIQUITY MEAN 58.-577:3 IEGSTANDARDB rFVIATION 17. 4275 DEG

PERCENT I LES :RANK DE' I ATEf. 05 20.5'80. 10 7.480.15 41.410. 20 44.360.25 45.800.30 49.600.35 52.580.40 56.700.45 59.010.50 60.3'0.55 6 2.2A0.60 63.57ZC. G-5 6. 250.70 67. 980.75 69.910.80 70.810.85 76.1'3.0.90 80.560.95 85.48

99

_ -- - -- -&- ~

LCIFFIC COMtPARISOIi WITH Z''.1 II]~0PG

FACET TINI NO'. OF I 1IP 11C T S

1-1 4

134

45-

1. 4

3 2

2S: 2

27

-232

441

'441

141144156

11

2,'1131 4

2-' 1

21---12 41

10

- - ~ g

II

tsl

Z -44.

= ElNlA

= Cc

a.n

ILa mlvi4

v

-14-

Va

UI~~~~4 FUI- ID I P

m r- to 191 xl ml Dl isDl D

101

Ll

tz

I-CL

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Ii i.

I- -I-

If162

ROPIJAN1 LAB-PHYSICS

LOFC COMFAP I SON WITH 1 T1. 14 RUN 501 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 0 M I SS1 ES

THEY WERE REPS 4:

OBLIQUITY ANGLES IN ASCENDIDIG ORDER (DEG):

35 9.4148 46 -.5 :1 49 50.6717- 40 65.7q41 A 7.I.46u72 9. 6473 41 12. 7422 - _ 5. R 19' 52 G. -.936 44 74.2";1.--:10 11. 9108 34 39. 3456 58 51. 2921 30 67. 3923 9 74. 3'.3748 13. 14:84 69 40. 264A ,- 52.7628 47 6?. 9168 7 74. 696'.66 15.6927 80 44.7417 79 53. 3995 59 69. 0312 50 74. 7463

1 6.1-38 71 45. 4615 21 53.9565 11 69.5542 31 74.-443 18. 1 1 64 46.8402 22 54. 0 3 42 70.5561 39 75.i0882~~~ 24Da--- 7 .62 7.02 24 7 5.I"-8 d2'

24. o52 77 47 2633 51 54.5585 71.0625 .., 25.6604 84 4.599 4 55.0175 71. 1824 7 75.2364

27 27.4151 74 48.6996 1 55.2921 55 71.4076 73 75.604057 29. 8243. 6 49. 2.35,6 15 55.7108 85 71 .2 5. -165 29. c,79 5 49 3297 60 57. 1007 25 72.1910 2 75.74.6 -- ". .... 5 6 C32t l .- S. 94 5 7 "9 .r.. C-1 ._, 4i 6 "F 7 .30:5-26 5 50.03:_94 ':=587950 18 -' .546 ,0- 77.1 !9

70 35. 6688 61 50.2784 29 59.7357 9 73. 0612 19 78.122436 5056 45 50. 33:3E. I .35 C. 6.3r5. 13 7:.

- 37. 4291 17 50. 3920 67 60.7836 16 73.6900 6 79 73427. 37..-773' 36 50. 4--'d-5 78 63.394 22 73.6952 54 80 0. 2

OBLIOUITY MEAN 54.6002 PEG, STANDARD DEVIATION 19.3759 PEG

PERCENTILES:RANK DEVIATE0.05 13.910. 10 25. 250.15 30.450.20 3:'. 0 20.25 42.500.30 48 .30.35 50. 0.0.40 50.530.45 53.210.50 55.020.55 59.080.60 64.830.65 68.920.70 71.230.75 72.860.80 73.980.85 74.760.90 75.380.95 77.82

103

_A

LOFIFC CfiMFF,:i W ITH Z0T. 141 RLIN W1PG

FRCCT II10. ICIF 11IFICT

-14

243

-.A 4

104

NN

I-4

In -m 4

z LU

zt

f- t a. 'rEq M ~

~10

IcI

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zL- IIIto-% aW.zIJ XU'

9cwUW.

106

RODMAII LABN-PH-SICS

LOFWC COHPAPIIIIITH ZOT. 14 RUM $02 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 0 MISSES

THEY WERE REPS #:

OBLIQUITY ANGLES IN ASCEIIDIIIG ORDER (DEG):

18 10.8303 2 3 6. 849Q 68 50.6719 15 57.r83 6 72 .35r.

8 0 15.66F1 48 37.S'96 56 50.9 71 79 55 72 30

c.3 19.5 41 69 38.u1O :4 2155:6 51 51.03i - -

4 r9 59.35 ' 7 3 57_OC 1 r-- r J

74 22.2344 83 40.9879 61 51.7184 7:: 59.. 2 73 .

-~sq -Qc --c:-:A11~(7 4c 354 4-0O9 52.497 4 59. . r 4:~ 11 -4~g 50 4 4831

67 2-155 4 4 4 1.48667 16 53 cj .cci 2r 4.228.944' 19 c2.7Wo' 3.5C 351 7Q2 (It.

82 2-.9454 49 45.2605 8 54.207 6 2364 .

43 31.755 64 45.671 : 54.788 38 9 2930

21 98.b~c4 65 45.8ft. 22 55.1785 52 636932 24

27 49 71 46. 9 t 552 Z- 54 4005 -7 E.-, S

25 343703 17 47 4037 44 5c 5c98 60 3.-414

'415 34 42.4270 7 55. 7090 47 64. sc'7.54 9 37 55. 75607 4 66.0864 20 76.54

3R 35.- ?-- -

. ¢ 49.5089 142? o 233

42 .86" 7 4 . -je J5. j8114 29 66 .332.1..2- --5 44 5.6*1 4

41 36.:312 45 50.4070 10 57.6136 5 -7.1101 6

OBL LOUiTY MEAN 52.7754 DEG, STANDARD DEVIATION 16.9825rE--T -E

PERCE~iT ILES:

RANK DEVIATE0.05 21.01

0.2I0 3b.:95

0.15 34.820.25 39.750.36 44.750.35 47.510.40 50.510.45 51.710.50 54.21

0.55 55.630.660 57.750.76 62.31

0.75 64.680.88 71.38

S0.90 74.770 .95 -73.29I

!07I

-107

-;r-;: -

1:

:4108

Lim

-10

51

I

- 4

--

isi

Lnj

I-4

mm:?! :

inna4:

f- to t

Ui to 5- tia va7I1

109

- Eu

j4N

I-

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Il- Ir.J -u U

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110

rN..

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC COMPARISON WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 503 PAGE I

THERE WERE 0 MISSES

THEY HERE REPS #:

OBLIQUITY ANGLES Ill ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

S4.,1839 63 36. 7108 18 50.3585 35 59. 1181 64 69.494237 10. 2611 41 36. 940; 45 50.3815 52 59. 778:3 67 69,912132 15.4455 14 38'. 2810 77 51.5214 15 59. 8889 9 71.75568 19.6127 25 40.6044 68 51.9673 10 60.0195 7 72.5163

36 20. 5699 43 41.0354 34 52.7672 50 60.1468 75 72.809474 21.2532 42 41.5678 19 54.2523 21 60.4108 55 73.610739 22.2652 54 42.5477 12 54.6117 48 61.2175 62 4 46 46

81 23.4505 3 43.2281 61 55.1266 66 61.2450 28 73858659,4.=,439 23 43.7058 76 55.3390 20 61. 6888 26 74.328

22 2'9. 8151 17 44.4785 1 55.4637 47 61.7395 38 75.238265 30. 1395 8% 45.3093 40 55.6024 51 62.3793 24 717623149 30. 6584 4, 45.4214 30 56.0910 73 64.6423 56 80. 907G16 "( 4997 79 45.9469 4 8172 57 65.156? 13 86.559716' 4-"9 856.4472 Q

11 34.8313 53 46.9440 44 58.0863 5 65.4862 6 87.442635.2709 84 47.1101 60 58.,7648 2 66..2454 72 87.74.,7

71 35. 2995 58 49. 9479 85 58. 8081 78 66. 6161 29 90. 3053'7 .4525 69 50.1703 70 58. 9238 33 69.1248 31 96. 3547

OBLIQUITY ER.N 52.9788 DEG, STANDARD DEVIATION 18.9844 DEG

PERCENTILES:RANK DE'V'IATE0.05 19.900.10 25.790.15 33.220.20 35.700. 25 40.820.30 43.610.35 46.050.40 50.250.45 52.530.50 55.340.55 57.200.60 59.040.65 60.130.70 61.700.75 65.:320.80 69.420.85 72.89-0.90 74.690.95 87.18

111

LciFAC CO~rARISIOll WITH ZOT. 14 RLUN 503 PAGE 2

F~icET NO. 140. OF 1IH1PAIC T3

231712 6-28 f,

24 23244

--1342662

1341422

24822772 83 2284286 2

-286 1-271 1 4

-2:391-234 1-137 1-

-1351

141

179 1187 1

235 1240 1

144 1146 1

170 1

272 1-2401 1

246 1

111 128771

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RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC COMFRISO1I WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 504 PAGE 1

THEE' WJERE 9 MISSES

THEY WERE REPS #: 14 20 .33 54 58 59 61 65 79

OBLI!eUIT;,' ANGLES IN' ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

S.17 3 44.3830 2 7 54.-1673 73 65.5353 15 78. 666537 74:59 . 44.5685 1" 54.241? 81 66.6791 4 8' .04 68._

.1 44.9518 5 5.:3083 3 67.0109 49 80 .292:I: I 133 I0 4~4 9I': 4 M c, 2929-4 -: --" "- *4: *43 ..-1 ' .5092 7 46. 0155 1 5,5.64 9.' 6 799 0 8670

. 2 G7 4 7. 8. 97 55. 62 13 69 .212 29S19. 3:35 7 48.0123 12 55.6940 68 69 . 44 72 90.7508

11 - %3 . -69 .715

1640 51 48.2250 56 55.9639 36 69 7715 9 90.8919.. 02 4C. 485805 52 56.0082 76 69. 9600 70 98. 156

84 3 08 83 49.1789 69 56.5646 9 70.50711 34. ... 65 62 4 ...... !Q 5 .672 47 171.0"27' ' 816 '4 ~ 4~ 511C

39 S 6 7.572 5 0. 2S94 48 58.4102 75 72.037966 4. 96 C 51. 5764 21 59. 7866 28 74. 040317 41:.967 53 52. 1244 41 60.0218 2E 74.850125 42.7126 78 2. 277 44 60.2875 22' 75.181442 -_. o50 40 5o. 1010 85 62.0982 34 75.382424 43.2114 32 53.9393 71 62.8835 74 75.656164 44.2135 3.0 54.1002 57 64.8466 3.8 76. 7852

OBLiOULIITY MEAN 55. 3453 DEG: STANDRRD DEVIATION 19.9151 DEG

PERCENT ILES:RANK DEY I ATE0.05 12.000.10 28--. 3 10.15 37.9:0.20 43.01 az0.25 44.660.30 48.030.35 49.500.40 52.610.45 54.1,0.50 55.610.55 56.200.60 59.830.65 62.980.70 66.980.75 69.64 :M-j0.80 71.630.85 75.270.90 79.080.95 88.09

115

LOFAt UIHPARI'3OII WITH ZZT. 14 FUN .C4 PAGE _

FACET INO. NO. OF I MPACT':F136 b_'

-28-

-241 2AAM4 2

178 2

213 22246 2

253.--284 2

2954

-27

-297114 1

-2738 1

4 24-142 1 _-

-361-134

E 1

_---- 134I13511371

181184123 1

244

26'4-

28 -1

-2 -

299 116

Ir

Imm

4.4-

=--

I- m - $i m

i174

Sal

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mm

.p118

RODMAIN LAB-PHYSIC'S

LOFFIC C:OMPAR:ISON' WITH 70T. 14 RUN 505 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 0 M I SSE S

THEY WERE REPS #:

OB:LIQ~UITY ANGLES IN ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

7 22. A-:60 84 51.9249 38 59. 2488 52 68. 3851 42 7 2.21592 2 2. 8792 1 2 52. 5069 50 59.6074 21 68.8603 7 72.455C.

4 4o 23'n. 237 77 53. 42-73 72 59.9154 47 69 . 22812 8 72.83230 24.5 E.5 0 82 5 3.538 53 6 0.18 48S 17 69. 9212 39 72.880727 26 .3 6 7 51 53.8085 6 60.:31 21 40 70. 0526 b6 72.921865 27.80092 60 5 4. 4 3,8 66 60.5101 69 70.0603 9 72. 9938

79 4390 4 46 13 61.5991 22 70.1475 16 73.2-66849 47.7259 31 54.*91-70 4 62.5504 71 70. 2748 10 73.8282:1 4-8. 9563 55 55.0572 64 62. 6270 36 70.4060 34 74.104085 49.4006 54 5 5. 1113 74 6 4.8 809 41 70.4689 43 74.166.182 4 9.87 55.68 64. 8830 35 -70.5077 1 43761 50. 10718 46 5. 05cr 6en!65.2724 70 70. 82 IS 74295'

75 -10.494 29 585: 45 67 2 9 5 26 7 1 .424 6 2 4 75. '98"56E 50. -?77 23 5845" 3 65 25 71.740 57 7 5.76

58 5496 3 58. ;i4 7-8 G.6.2546 2 8 71 . ?50*r- 2 76. 442-944 51.7920 19 58.95=2 80 66. 3173 11 7 2.i25 6 1:3 7 6. 8:45 537 51.8901f- 15 5 9.054 59 66. 507*4 11 72. 1256 12 7 6.'?873

OB:LIQULITY MEAN 60.8656 DEGi STANDARD DE.-IATI011 13.2817-3 DEG

PERC:ENT ILE:RANK DEVIF;TE0.05 25.110.10 4840.15 50.460.20 51.910.25 53.670.30 500.35 5830.40 5.10.45 60.270.50 62.630.55 65.740. Go F67.6E;30.65 70.040.70 70.420.75 7,1.580.80 72.20.85 '72.9-30.90 74.13

0.95 75.75

119

LOFA C~tPfIFISOI WIT .J. 14 RUIN 5;-15AE

FACET til. NO. OFIPAT

2. 3. 44

-137 -

13 2

2 31

24 1242

2871

120

UU

a 2

_aai

5 X)II

I.- UIAfF

122

ROD'iAN LAB-PHYSICS

H-IFA.: C:OMPAF'.I'S:SN WITH 2OT. 14 RUN 505 PAGE 1

THERE WEFE 0 MISSES;

THEY WERE REPS #:

OBLIOLI TY AIIGLES IN ASCENDING OF.:DER (DEG):

..• 0.3532 .. 9.8087 54 54.9467 64 62.6270 41 70.4689

53 2. 8084 61 50. 1878 55 55. 0572 74 64. 8809 35 70.507727 3. 5585 75 50.4946 73 55.8679 76 64.8830 -70 70.8629

- 65 8. 4747 56 50.5393 12 56.7405 68 65.2724 26 71.424630 11. 1497 44 51.6200 46 57.8055 45 65.7295 25 71.740032 15. 5448 58 51. 6496 29 58.3083 3:3 65.7633 28 71 .850816 16.9585 84 51.8586 23 58.4552 78 66.2546 11 72.125667 25. 7 072 37 51.8960 3 58.7194 80 66.3173 11 72.125639 .. 9 .59 :36 52. 1561 19 58.955 9 -. 074 42 . 2159

68 3..939 62 52.5069 15 59.0541 52 68.3851 7 72.455:63 35.. 2961 3:3 5 . 248,, 21 68. 860 1: 7:3. 82

.,,, 4.3,o, 77 5:'.2970 50 59. 6074 47 69.2812 34 74.104024 43. 7151 82 53.5386 72 59.9154 17 69.9212 1: 74. 166179 43.27 51 4.88-:5 6 60.3121 49 70.0526 1 74.:357549 47.7259 60 54.43.6,8 66 60.5101 69 70.0603 5 74.8915:_1 4b. 956_3 14 54.5026 13 61.5991 22' 70 1475 2 76. 4429835 49.4006 31 54. 7402 9 62. 0091 71 70.274q 1 3 76. ,455

OBLIQLIITY MEAt 55.6266 BEG, STANDARD DEVIATION 17.9642 BEG

PERCENTILES:RAHK DEVIATE0.05 9.20.10 27.660.15 4:3. 190.20 49.500.25 51.080.30 52.100.35 53.570.40 54.820.45 57.490.50 58.960.55 60.030.60 62.380.65 65. 13:E0.70 66.880.75 69. 990.80 70.430.85 71.750.90 72.310.95 74.30

123

H IFAG C;J-IMPAF:ISO WIJ - ~THJ -cr. i1 RUlI Lj0 PA GE 2

j226I4317

13 114 1 j

317 2

163 1164 1

*172 1

:391

124

Ic

I.

44.401

LC X

.44-

I~~4 IN I I I

- 4w

125

ImI126

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFFIC COMPARISON WITH ZOT. 14 RLIN 506 PAGE I

THERE WERE 0 MIS:SES

THEY WERE REPS #:

OBLIQUITY ANGLES IN ASCENDIHG ORDER (DEG):

35 17 .6430 26 38.42"84 51 54.4535 46 63.1744 28 7 1...376 18.82: 79 38.7159 75 54.9735 71 63.27 1 9 71. 3627 19.4781 66 40.5530 55 57.2805 6 53.4149 16 72.091?0 20.-.5008-. 14 12 3,3 10930 20. 5008 11 43.2035 64 57.4596 38 63.6363 12 7.7-3148 .. 6744 32 4 5. 4.7 60 57.5615 21 6.4. 68 3 7•769759 23. 8006 61 48. 3057 77 57. 855 50 64.9859 1 73.216678 "4. 44 48. 6527 82 58. 1594 17 66.OR02 42 73. 25327 25. 0170 37 49. 3159 81 59. 3067 13 66. 3956 70 73. 75 96- 25 01 3,Z • 49. Z-

4 25.2.-384 36:, 49.070 73 59.4454 80 66. 4341 10 73. 895047 26. 0633 85 49. 9992 56 60.0093 22 67.0670 39 74. 260_,' 26. 7997 15 50.1514 18 60.0495 52 67.2733 29 74.7762

69 47,-8 44 5,0 q- 5b3 54 60. 1169 84 67. 9777 5 7 4. 545 20.6454 83 50.8258 23 60.9112 31 68. 5066 63 76.056134 29 .,298 58 50.9 81: L 41 61.0101 49 70.6497 43 77.27- 3

4 30.92:35 62 53.0717 68 61.9651 20 70.8311 2 77. 76995 3. 1.5656 53 54.0582 19 62.0422 7 706 24 78.

25 34.648--35 14 54.1646 74 62.5536 8 70 .93 57 81. 8724

OBLIQLIITY MEAN 54. 8422 DEG, STANDARD DEVIATION 17. 6032 DEG

PEREIT I LES:RANK DEVIATE0.05 21.150.10 25.150.15 28.530.20 35.400.25 44.340.30 49.710.35 50.840.40 54.280.45 57.530.50 59.450.55 60.940.60 62.9:30.65 64.580.70 66.560.75 69.580.80 71.07.0.85 72.81 A0.90 74.040.95 77.10

127

ILf'FAC COMP1ARISON IT1H Z0Th 14 R.UN 5036 PAGE 2

FACET NO. NO. OF IMPRET -1?d=

2 3 1 1.1786

287 4

141171

-242 1

-131-13113113113'7 1

197 1

2 ,4 1241 1

244 12471

275 1

2771

128

IL-44- Z

Inm

m w -w 1 m UI

IM

I

ONO=

X3111

130

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFC COiPARI-SO WITH 20T. 14 RUN 507 PAGE I

THERE WERE 4 MISSES

THEY WERE REPS #: 4 54 60 72

OBLIQIITY AIiGLES IN ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

45 11. 6708 49 41.5258 51 55.1536 75 62.4010 44 73.7i711 .._. G3 13 42.060 3 56.2674 18 62.4499 10 73. 9 8 7212 17.9603 26 42.6846 73 56.4692 17 62. C-3, 42 74. 3 5948 1 . 24 42. 7386 31 56.7109 23 63.2524 39 75. 6391:1:3 -14 4278 31 5."32 21.0715 :,1 43.9194 21 57.2707 29 64.0268 71 75,9114€-7. 1. 1723 79 45. 1667 5 57.5066 22 64. 3392 70 76. 5 7325 22. C 1726 -. 45.4764 53 57.5980 19 65.0163 84 76. ., 4440 24.4104 61 46.2651 32 58.2548 6 65.2562 34 78.873141 24.5083 :7 47.1439 55 59.4279 46. 67. 4836 2 79. 104

27 --.360i: 47.8336 68 59.4738 7 68.8741 50 79.16148.. A U5 50. 2373 14 59.7543 8 69.3930 43 79. 90 1

8 83 52.6.851 80 5 9. 8534 20 4368 66 85.7,05'. :0. 5098 5 5.5269 74 59. 9357 9 69. 7901 57 86.I_-9 31.7529 2 53.74.0 77 60.0969 70.4666

59 S3 1. 297 65 53.9341 63 60 .296 28 70.532247 32.0216 64 52.9861 52 611051 1 7a115 37. 6997 27 55.0482 2' 62.1_5? 1 72.3.755.4 8 62.3906 16 72.238o.

OBLILIITY MEAN 54.2755 DEG! STANDARD DEVIATION 18.4882 DEG

PERCFTILES:RIK DEVIATE

0. 05 20.100. 10 24.430.15 29.3-70.20 34.290.25 42.710.30 45.950.35 51.950.40 53.980.45 56.450.50 57.600.55 59.760.60 60.480.6_55 62.520.70 64.610.75 68.980.80 70.510.85 73.910.90 76.450.95 79.16

131

Lt'FFC COMPARISON WITH 2Z'T. 14 RUNl 507 PAGE 2

FACET NO. NO0. OF I.1FACTS136 12231 7

-13F1782443286 3

-134 2.1342144 2177 2179 218?19:3 2

2'35 2230 227? 2-98 1

-242 1-3 51

-2-3211351-671

47149

13714~ 11461168118:3119712 03

2312391243124 6124?725320112831

28?429312961

132

Is

pa

UlU

44- a"

13

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFRC COI-IPARISOLI WITH ZOT. 14 RUH 508 PAGE 1

k THERE WERE 11 M I-E

THEIYERE REPS #: 4 10 14 38 41 49 535407-73

OBLIQUITY ANGLES I1 ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

45 .6225 40 40.0:_3 68 5t3737 50 . 1594 65 8352_ 0, 46 -- 7 69 7.3152 12 05. :24

2 12.2265 16 43.970 27 57.9794 19 67.4094 66 p74493

1 14. 359 61 44.1582 74 58. 6615 20 68.55217 57 -- 2. 2

2- ,D. 783 4 44.235 2 59.33 32 69.1287 "? 9_1651

67 21 ,9.'--:-: c ':.' 44. 9502 56 59.5235 - 7u. 3224 se 104 958029 24.0147 37 45.2544 55 61 .096 1 71.OOS

3:5 26.91 36 45.9346 63 62.2861 5 72.401650 .5369 21 47. 7739 22 62.568_ 25 72. 7721

1*A 5173.-: 3'. 1948 79 48.2170 77 62.62Q6 51 1= 925- 33. 14 81 50.65 O 64. 420 75.4006

9 33.4960 64 5 2. 5E 85- 6.TA- 42 , 431733 5. 6594 83 5o . 08. 52 94.8345 39 77.019169 36. 2445 62 54.5401 44 65.2130 31 78.086047 6.4657 75 54. 74-: 1^ -5.2356 7159 37.4193 ' .7224 2: 65.296 70 79.348184 39.424 43 5. 9312 6 6 .3856 24 82.7767

OE:L'ITYAEN 55.6163 DEG; STANDARD DEVIATION 20.9073 DEG

?ERCENT i LES"

0.05 1: 820. 10 25.470.15 33.230.20 36.470.25 42.220.30 44.640.35 47.880.40 54.4010.45 56. 880.50 58.320.55 6 1.390. 14.340.65 65. -230. 70 67. 240.75 69.430.80 72. 770.85 76.630.90 81.060.95 87.64

i35

LOFAC COMF'RRISOl 1I FH ZC'T.'14 PUIN 508 PAGE 2

FACET NO. n. OF iMPRCT'

-146231 -247 3,

-144 2-1 3? 2

-13445 2C47

184 212234 2246 2284 2

• -87 .- ~

2 1-240 1

311--91 -1

-66 1

44 1

171

S.4 _

1791187

13 I2 32t

135 1

2411

211249 125, .'_4 1

27'4 1"275II

i36

uljILI

-we

I-4

Eft~~1%~ I*7n1. '1 r VtIQ. to4wea t .m t

137

Firm

*L 0

x 31-

InI1,138

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC C:OMFF RIS011 WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 509 PAGE I

THERE HERE 0 MIo E.S

THEY I-JERE REPS #:

OBLIQUITY ANGLES It, ASCENDING ORDER (EG)

46 6.4542 83 -- '154 36 51.5962 14 60.99r6 2 7 912 7. 6063 41 31. 5948 58 51 .6138 29 61 .9370 16 7:3.96 5210 7.6115 76 '.397 51.8371 40 65.8 74.-70 11. 1598 57 8339 45 51.r799 30 67.4152 50 74.4'g5 52 3124.5154: 17.2105 23 :3.0302 49 52.8015 67.526 1 74.57672 18.6785 34 33.7336 79 54.1476 47 67. 136 9 74.6019532- 20.8869 80 35.3688 81 54.5587 59 69. 1237 21 74.665265 21.9080 71 36.0284 44 54.7764 11 69.7942 37 75.056035 23.2764 19 37.3483 4 55.6058 42 70.8177 7 75.114282o.: 23.5,409. 77 47.3179 2- 56.848 62 70.9531 24 75. 245_,66 2:3.6714 64 47.7485 51 56.5055 85 71. 508 ' 75.263:::27 23. 9384 56 49. 1401 54 56.5725 33 71.6170 73 1 -32 26.0611 84 49.5587 15 56.8b9 55 71267 " 75.4....78 26. 3094 74 50. 1562 1 57 153 1 72.1966 8 75. 7 I-:_3

26. 68 50.2967 60 57. 449:' 75 72. 574 77.505343 2.451 71 75 51.4102 3 60 2 '61 M .9 - ' i 7 _ .. 7 -13 a

6. 28. 4792 61 51.4.- 67 .,0.7545 -,-. 7-11,115 G 79. "-"2

OBLIOLIITV MEAN 52.2860 DEG. STRDHRD DEYIATIOIN 2.801 DEG

PERCET [LE-RANk DEV I ATE0.05 12.980.10 22.730.15 25.8-0.2C-1 29.090. 2 32.930.,0 37.080.35 4 9.620.40 51.500.45 52.530.50 55.610.55 56.960.60 60.910.65 6 7. 520.7C 70.840.75 71.940.80 73.650. 85 *74.580.90 75.170.95 75.66

138.1

Li r t' vIF'iR $01 11 i- OT. 14 P III P50E9

FACET NJO. HOt. OIF IMPAfCT'S

24024

242 4

2132 2

2

1781

241 1

28a.4

138.2

I

m w - to t r n 1

13

_ - _ ~ ~ il ~ - _ _

I IM

mciI-

UvU

114

IRODMRAN LAB'-PHYSICS

LOFFIC COCHIMFRISON WI TH ZO T. 14 RUN 510 PACE I

THERE WERE 0 I' ISSES

THEY WErE REPS #:

EiE:LIQUIIT' ANGLES IN ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

4. 6673 57 31.9:374 46 50.2935 79 59. 2602 55 72. '82294: 18. 8942 "23 32.3642 68 51. 486 66 5.35 1818 19.5747 24 2._5.0633 45 52.0819 40 60.0568 38 73 .817443 22. 6561 8:3 36.13 84=: 52.11 350 -.1. 1786 73.69

65 23. 4188 12 3 6 .- 2 71 52.2646 51 61 .2784 7 74.42082 23. 4323 34 37.6285 35 52.6183 81 61.4175 26 74.517227 2.3 2 22 37.9586 61 52.7713 5 62.2140 2 74.619053 25..,., 76 39.4707 58 54.0286 54 62.6418 21 74.741236 25.2749 19 39.9756 85 55.7181 60 63.7421 8 75.630063 27. 3993 64 46.2060 4 55.8694 52 64.281 31 76.048839 -- :6864 70 47.9831 37 56.0227 47 64.3732 50 77.=,18

7 4 29. 0676 77 48129 16 56.3249 11 6.6579.01 *525 . 24:3 10 48.4716 1 57.75,80 14 65. 7633 20 80.24-:., 29.991 17 4.2.49 44 57.8053 75 67.9224 1 819368

42 30. 1948 49 49.0118 15 58.7208 .29 68.8743 73 82.206469 31!. 3562 59 49 .1396 32 58.9276 72 70.,.:.4 6 141 31.5538 56 49.6688 33 59.2472 62 7'2.0869 67 90.0442

OBLIQUITY MEAN 52.7368 DEG, STANDARD DEVIATION 18.8746 DEG

PERCENT !L LES:RANK I:EVIATE0. -5 2 2.'0.10 25.200.15 29.750.20 31.640.25 36.250.30 39.870.35 48.500.40 49.920.45 52.220.50 55.720.55 57.770.60 59.260.65 61. 1.70.70 63.850.75 66.840.80 72. 680.85 74.430.90 75.800.95 81.43

141

L~~~FACFCE HOI~r:IOii .14 HU O. OF IMPACTS FIG

21'

2' 4 7

35 4

24201

-1351

.1 A

1 -71

14

- -- _ _ -_ _ __l

Iofm

3.143

z

Mum

M I-

X31-

a v

144

RODMAN LAB-PHYSIC3

LOFAC COIIPRISOtI' WITH 70T. 14 RUN 511 PAGE 1

THERE I.EE 1 1 E11 S.. F!

THEY WERE REPS #: 54

-OBLIc!UnTL AGLES 14 ASC1DIN ORDER (DEG-:

:fl 12.9474 4? 4 78 50.1607 60 59. 0567 84 70.629613.4 450* 8G 59. 4 i~- . 0.2254 75 --o-, ; -, 000 14 34 9 --9 ... . : 9. 8- 7 7:_-. ;12

2. 564 1.23 1 59E: 50. 698:2 85 60. 329 6 '7. 807"

27 4. 0-0- 33. :83 47 51.0494 44 6C1. 5 .2 97. 71 71 40 6 4 32 51.9486 15 60.857 2 74. -J95

74 2 7323 90 2.2' 68 52.5346 52 60. 94 3- 5 5 74. 18."6: 3..3-00 9 41.014 45 52.7951 3 61.4051 26 74.8181

41 2:1 .7416 16 42.71A 48 53.8709 57 63.721 24 78. 018I: . 7.' I: 12- 44.9_ - 65 54.6290 5 64. 1324 4 78.4552

81 32... 497 64 45.2693 46 54.998t 51 6414, 11 7,..01.-Z - : .2..14 :34 45.-94 30 5.. 3455 13 64.7058 20 ,°. 19

25 2 17 45.762R 49 55.4357 73 64. 9829 70 86. 145042 34.1114 .7 46. 33 92 40 55.= 6875 77 6 $3 96 3 6 87. 2b

: 4 4 3 35 66.9215 9i 5 8 90 IG5.34. 1 '14 7f7 47.9651 61 57.30_ 3 69.6313 29 90.44154 65'13FE,"1 5.7.. 3F, 9-C"-

.. .,-47 19 49.74 11 1 58.4106 10 70. 5-:

:L 1 i-I.I T'r:I MEAN C-3 1648 DEG:' STANDARD DEVIATION 17.7694 DEG

FlERCEli T I LES:RANK DEA L ATE0.20 31.56

0.20 -4 5220. 25 39.910. 30 41.920. 35 45.650. 40 49.740.45 50.790.50 53.0.55 55.41.60 58.410 .G,= 5oc0.65 60.38

0.70 62.560.75 64.910.8:0 70. :-360..%85 7O.:50.90 76.420.95 85.44

145

LOIFFIC C' 'I P -1 ON I 11TH2cT. 14 F:LI -11 PIHGE 2

FACET 1O. N0 . OF iIMPACT'S

'%l 2 4

44 242

144 2

2

-2441-240-2.i

-141

11

17

1 7!1

1 1

1461

*1P

241

2464 1

24SEA

4#-

.7

UlUSD

INELm

IIS

5; a- li * m i a a; a;

147

I0altt)

mXIMII

MM'U,

oxIrY I--

-148

RODMRAN LAD-PHYSICS

LOFAC C:OH1FARTI:OI 1111 TII OT. 14 RUN 512 PAGE I

THERE IWERE 5 MISSES

THEY WER.E F:EPS #: 14 54 61 65 79

OBILIQITY AINGLES IH ASCEIIING ORDER (DEG):

67 77 43.8095 19 54.4862 12 63. 9701 74 75 .7764"7 9. ;51: 16 44. 0J,3.5 10 54.5241 64 64.1646 "38 76572-2 . 0-', :, 44.1931 9 55.66A8 71 64.5920 22 77.05928- ".317 5-"... o.. 67 4225 .3 56.1220 5 65- "--.- ,, 31 79-...

?9 29. 41:--'3 35 46.0174 34 56.3756 59 65. 722 2- 50 81. 1888,:3127 29.9283 F9 46.9750 52 56.9453 73 65.8490 49 82.392543 31 7968 21 49.6777 70 58.2158 32 66.35 8:' 30 82.961976 .2 .23,4 53 50. 0967 41 58.3355 58 67.9239 15 8 3 .6 763 32.8418 20 50.2967 55 58.4314 13 68.6950 6 90.6650=*24 "-3.14 q 9' 8O ._ 2 -' -"-

44.. 9 51 51.6128 2 59.0175 81 68.8065 29 2 .A 2-.3.31 80 52. 3210 1 59. 1052 6:: 6 .254 72 92.709

4 3 4. 7777 45 52.5679 47 59.9473 .36 70. 1596 56 93. "7'025 3 .::4, 9' 11 52.7631 18 60.2035 6''' . 72.9680-2'": 2:=, 0Z3 7, . 7- Q-1 48 61. 5024 :4 73.8519

5 0.5760 40 53.1812 44 62.7960 " 78262 42 65 5 -28 -46 5 -3,, 784 85 4_, 63.:2626 4 74.137917 42.= 0q3 7 54.4773 57 63...5 26 75.121

;JE:LIQLII Y HEFIt 56z 7:366 DEC! STAHDRDi DE';,'IfTiL 18. 4864 DEG

FERCEHTILES: RANK DEIATE

0.05 27.42

0.1S0.1 ._, = 4.80.20 4?,680.25 44.550.30 49.800.35 52.410.40 53.420.45 55.040.50 57.580.55 59.07

0 0.60 2-:0.65 64.100.70 65.810.75 68.78

o0 73. -80.85 75.680.90 80.980.95 90. 30

149

LOFAC COMPARISON ITH ZOT. 14 RUN 1 PAGE 2

FACET I0. 110. OF IMPACTSI ::

45 31116 3

_182L4 38:,7 3~- ,_- 2

2

25:O 22::4 2

2'~4 1

4 1

' -270

-247 12- -4? 3i

.- 144 1-142 1

- e

16 S I

106 1

1371144 117 7 1

-i 'J. I

1836 1

184 1193 1219 1

1!I 1

231 1

t~i

3 4235 1

1 ?? 1

245 1247 124 1

1 1"

290150 1129 1

F -7

iA m

C3

-ad

1511

z

C3Nl

CL

C3

t!

14.4

L- I

Ir.i U>

i52

RODAIN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC COMPARISONII WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 513 PACE

THERE WERE I M I S:.ES

THEY WERE REPS #: 4

E:LIQIITY ANGLES IN AS::CENDING ORDER (DEG):

35 8.6734 3 - ,.2859 15 57.3154 74 63. 1035 9 71.61266' 13. 5100 5 40.7067 64 57.6134 38 64.1816 49 71.91642 15.2040 11 40.82 5 71 58.1379 6 65. 2877 69 72.02:34

1.6465 79 41.4893 82 58.4645 17 66.5477 66 72.286933. 165245 75 42. 7675 51 58.087 13 66.9586 70 72.823976 17. 3298 53 50. 5380 63 58.9309 12 67.2020 42 73.02495q 1. 3206 36 51.6294 14 59.2903 22 68.0316 3 73.9o2034 18.4346 72 51.8164 31 59.7934 41 68.6281 1 73.93364. 20,5390 8 52.2733 77 59.9211 37 68.737. 16 74.066948 20.6404 44 52.4421 55 60.1519 52 69.1345 3 74.972747 21. 9060 85 .2.6220 18 60.2679 50 69.4914 2 76.635278. ..5937 61 5, .5965 60 61.0834 84 69.655: 24 78. 829121 2.7973 5 53.7346 73 61.9157 70.0955 4 78.9584

2 2_.53 54 53.9961 81 61.9549 26 70.4270 23 79. '4

65 30.2464 56 54.4212 68 62.6241 28 70.9657 29 79. 810440 ?2.3357 62 55.4261 19 62. 6755 8 71. 3 2 46 5 80. 8552 -4.7677 80 5 . 46 62.7231 10 71.3615

CIE:LIKIUiTY MEAN 54.590: DEG- STANDARD DEVIATI!ON 19.626? DEG

PER:ENITILES:RANK DEVIATE1 05 15 '.37

0. 10 9.49.15 23. 50

0.20 34.77

0.25 41.810.30 52.040.35 53.700.40 5 6..980.45 58.50

0.50 59.860.55 61.710.60 62.720.65 66.650.70 68.680.75 69.990.80 71.360.85 72.420.90 74.000. 95 78.93

153

-- °

[- LOFFIC COMFlHPAR T,:O I WTH ?'T. 14 FIJH 51 2

FAi':E' H'. 110. OF IIPACTS1'-6 142311

5-i- 1365

178: 4242 4-134 -"3

146 2-231 2135 2

144232 2

2342

243253 22862

-236 1-232 1

177 1IT111L9 1

238 1240 1241 1

2,C

245 1

270t 1

274 12 5 1

2:3:4 1294 1

~154

mm

I-z

A

4.

-It

155

Iq.

In

v

Ic156-

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC COMIPARISON WITH ZOT. 14 RIJN 514 PAGE 1

THERE WERE £ MISSES

= THEY WERE REPS #: 4 14 54 60 72 73

OBLIQUITY ANGLE3 IN ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

43 c.1913 67 32.0234 85 53.7045 80 64.9399 5 74.756145 9. 4 11 Q4 32. 1970 27 54. 0177 19 65.3899 7 75. 1640176 13. ... 10 32.4046 64 54.2437 22 65.5630 31 76.3126== 7= . 7 . 9..0 9-11 14.6118 41 33. 2063 53 55.7525 7 65.6879 39 76.50

~ 5.:E10 7 " 6896 2 7-7.505130~~8 1 1 7- 40 30. '122 6" 5. 18' 6 66 .8o .. 2 75559 18.4988 79 40.8754 29 57.6291 37 67. 2907 3A 80. 5466

3 19. 033' 65 43.1023 32 57.9677 46 67. 5093 24 81 .286748 19.4226 3 44.9736 68 60.0920 7 67.5281 50 81.509278 2 2. 42 9 46.3261 71 60.3127 21 67.5499 23 82.724652 f .3308. 4 8.6859 51 60.4805 26 69.149f 8. 127J47 2.3.455 58 48.8515 63 60.7674 69.6078 66 86.42

.9 24.843 81 50.0304 74 61.3666 13 70.0706c5 *18 8 r r.1 49 18 61 -8 70.3614

12 8 E. 56 50.5106 55 62. 6 20 72.92665 .. 614 44 51.1674 82 62.7t13 1 73.1683

25 :A:..3F317_ 61 52. !4 1. 42 1f 63.249 3i. 777 83 53.2124 77 63.9774 16 74. 178.8

. ...L.. IT MEAII 52.6867 DEG, STANDRB DE'vi1.TTiOH 20.81S " DEG

PERC.ENTILES:

RANK DEVIATE0.05 14.610.10 19.420.15 24.850.20 30.370.25 32.400.30 43.100.35 48 .85-0.40 51.170.45 54.020.50 57.630.55 60.480.60 62.130.65 64.940.70 66.880.75 67.550.80 70.360.85 74.180.90 76.510.95 81.51

157

jLOjFR: rCtiMpRI:,IlI WITH ::FT. 14RUHI 14P E

F A CET NIF NO. OF IMPACTS

21144

-232

144

24 224 5

2-702

-2991

1415

191

4?7

13 1

14114t1

2 3 51

1 1

241

24%..1

24812541

158

tr.= 2*

CLU

44.

44.t&.

Vli

159

IL)

zel 9

vcc

.20.

m~m

u .

160

Lc'FCI 1~JAIO4 WITH 0T.14 RU1 15 PAGE I

THERE WER:E 1 MISSE-3

THE*-I WERE REPS #: 5 4

UELT",II1TY AN1GLES. IN Wf 1E61ID I II ORDER (DEG):

4 46 2 4 33 4 2 19 45.5956 35 5'9. 8742 66 71.6484 15 2A:: 9~ 1 6j~ 4 4 6.7 .21f7 750340 Z.: aJ. 35 is

c" 15 1 i 0 4 7 46. 944f- 16 f0.80 2 b33t

5347 5;:47 236 1 17 47.8348 75 6.9095 2r* 731620 2 0' 6- . ~79 10 c122 9 ?423

's 743 4 . X1 EN4 4. 40C 1 6 97 2 75. 153:427 2 .2 2 7 '34 .7 >7 479 4*9. 6400 85 1 19g5 7 5215141 24. 06:37 .3-7 229 50.Ac628 52 6 2. 59 8 5 1 .2-

1 82 ~ --'4 5 310 :40 64.37 8.~:j.4~5 3~ 4~.O4 5 1323. 63.4275 13 352

22. 02(1 9 45 45 5 5. 3; 4 1-4.1080

0.05 19.7 _ _0.10 25.4

1 1 -1 e 0.1J5 23. 1 5 3

00.5 419.0.40245

0.425 43640.50 50.70.5 55 41.30;Zp0.10 4510.65 47.99E0.70 52.,750.805 55. 11-0.85 1 23.9G

0.970 6.65

0.95012

161

- LOFAC: COMFAR IS £O., WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 5 15~ AG

FAC.ET NO':. NO. OF IMPACTS1'--.6 6182 6135 4231 42 4 2 4

177244 3

-2422-238 2

-137 2

452142 2.179 2246 2249 2253 228-E-4 2285 2

-271 1-- 2351

-231 1

-144144166.1

1341187119312231

3212341

238

239240243124 5124712701271 127312771281

162

= - - -

hiin

m5

mU

3mz *tt 4

Ii'-

1631

ItIIEccIvIJ

InnNz

ELf

9ci

tr..

- t

W~t164

ROMANt LFIE, -FHYS IC:S

LOFfC COMPARISON WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 516 PAGE I

THERE WERE 3 MISSES

THEY WERE REFS #: 24 63 6?

OBLIUIIT, fANGLES IN ASCEING ORIER (DEG:2 :8 5.1392 7 9.0,,. 20 54,.1252 57 "7 29 ..

. 21 36 39-9 50 44 54.44 -I 64..... 55 . 4.56=- 25

,18 54.7391 25 66.4621 65 "7101882 52 41.6... 49 56. 1880 45 66.5625 84 76.207751 10,1940 82 42.5243 8 57 0286 3 67 0303 10 78.5 5672 11 1468 68 41.5271 19 57.7453 46. 67.8953 79 78.715730 11.4596 . 4. 6675 59 57.295 21 67.9696 41 80. 2250 1"

-. ,-,2Q67 941 o.,.,o 1 '4 2o '- ":ul "",. o, - j.. 59Lt .00 T

50 1-8 8 7.4. 2 6 -3 59 1 2 27 67 .99S2o" 69 81 . 9232: 20 .3669 16 44.31 64': 59 0 2 805 1 8.214...4 61 84.J81 21..08 39 45. 0364 14 61.8929 68.4331 74 84.3573 2,8130 58 46. 5150 42 62.7280 77 69.44S7 7 85. 239466 25. ,-,0, 4 7. 4 6424 31 63.093 15 69.5655 34 85.306470 29.1728 38 47.9804 75 63.0671 4 70.1197 54 87.138885 29.385 1 48. 7911 48 63. 0851 22 71. 3384 13 89.,48647 36.5573 17 49.5447 62 6.3.2607 80 72.441426 ?7.5439 56 50. 7639 9 63.6055 83 72. 582611 38.2020 78 52.0092 12 64.1854 35 72. 6848O,'LIOUITY MEAN 54.454 DEG, STANDAFRD DEVIATION 21.7039 DIEG

PERCEIIT ILES:RANK NEV I ATE0.05 10.190.10 19.3!0.15 27. 0:,0.20 37.940.25 41.53

0.30 44.08

0.35 47. 660.40 51.010.45 55-250.50 5 8. 8.30.55 62..930. 0 63-.540.65 66., 410.70 67.970.75 69.460.80 72.500.85 75.210.90 79.770.95 85.18

165

LOFF:C CO.IPAR: I.0II WITH 2 14 RUN 51 I, P:GE 2

FACET 1O. 1H0. OF IMPACTS1IN 10

-1 3G 8'-1:_'-:-p

182 41:34 3

179 3-2431 3

-28C, 2-272 2

28 244 2142--17': 2

197 2240 2272,--2:

-24i2 1-239 1

-2K 11 ' , 1

-34 1

67 16," 1

91 1I I

146 1192 120? 1227- 12~ 2 1

235 1238 1

C..-: 1

2'-'1- 1

239 1241 1244 1246 12'48 1

2 5- 1270 1277 1

283. 1284 1285 1

166

rr

IIw7

C3N

I:= In

-4 c*

a- r- t t

3 167

*r

E2

za

i C6

c~c0

tnmmt-9L. to cN

4.j X;0-

Out

168i

.RODMANI LABH-FH,: I .S

L F A6 C OlCIF.11FPA 1 0',1.11T H Z7 T. 14 R.Utl 517 PAGE 1

IATHERE W.IEF:E 13 MISSES

THEY WERE REPS #: 4 7 10 24 26 29 40 45 50 55 63 65 67

OBLIQUITY AHGLES IN ASCENDT NG ORDER (DEG

2 4.. 44. .44 32 57. 1 69, 1550 6 88. 74276 :-10 4. 45.277 51 . 964 1 69.5320 22 '39. 997.319 51 59.96:4: ""19 .. 9 ,, 4.:: 14 60.7581 70 71.0074 64 5. 6740

46 11.2659 46. 766 53 61. R990 35 71.0140 25 10 1 .:. -225 12.0210 4S.7308 60 6. 3607 20 72.2142

73 16.. 03 ::: 64.42'7 41 f7..:,. Po6, 22.4135 13 47.9070 3.6 64. 7'9 79 73. 669111.2. .2.94 15 49.363:3 66 .5. 683-8 i8 74. 090285 2_. 32. 6157 9 50.1769 12 66 . 1532 58 74. 265080 35. q9294 78 C50.88! .7 _. ,:,1 - .9--.:,80 .,.~ 762 66.8912 69 74. Z.17 37. 7:3 S6 44 51 .1378 49 67 . 0772 42 7. 9422

23 9823.: 53. 1633 56 67.4859 74 79. 37'36 . 40.98903 1 5 3. 4589 54 6-. '8. 0 734 s3- -. 62-.E.I .S 4 .39 72 .9292 77 63. 1691 84 83.33 ,'331 42. 5796 75 55. '30:91 27 63. 2518 71 83. 6963

._,7 42C.8632 30 . ._ _8 697 4k :33. 9 5 6476 44. 2825 7 5 7. 0082 2 69. 0122 34 86. 2306

OBLIQUITY MEAN 57. 1067 IDEG3 STANDAR. DEVIATION 21.5366 IEG

PERCENT I LE8:RAIIK DEV I ATE0.05 10.150.10 24. 670.15 37. 650.20 42.510.25 44.740.30 46.730.35 49.810.40 5,3. 220. 45 56.190.50 60.360.55 64.480.60 66.740.65 G:.--.. 120.70 6.. 030.75 71.010.80 73.840.85 '78.010.90 8-. 590 ~ 0 9a 18

0.95 :-:9.18

169

L IF H .CIM_''I I TH ZT. 14 RLIH 517 PAGE 2

FACET NO. HO. OF I MPALTS136 g

231 6-134 3

-I .:.t--.

I0

-242 2-146 2

44 2134 22422':-:.

-29? 1-281 1-271 1-246 1-240 1-235 1

-212 1

-1 1

-133 1

-e.6 1

141

1171

991101 1106 1

244 1

1 1

12:'0"

188 1199 1213 1216 1

2811

241 1

248 1249 12,(1 12_,1283 1

170

4449

=1 44-q

I-*

44

in m r w L" m-fm .

U 171

UI Zi

I.

*t

0-0-

C3=Cml-U.

172,

R.ODMANi LAiE:-PHYS I L:

LOFFAC C:0MPAR I S30H I* 1 TH -Z'T. 14 RU:LH 518 PAGE 1

THEF:E W*ER;E 17 M I C.EC

T HEY 11 E RE R EP8 #1 1 2.1 16 IS: 2fi 24 26 2 34 40~ 45 52.

0 B L I QUI TY A1IG L ES' 111 A':.'El, I HG OF.:'EF.:' (DIEG):

14 12. 692 74 48. F667 82 58. 84qA 8 0 7 1 .62'1114 C13475 :2.t 17,91 75. 49 486 7' 1229 14.0741- 48.19 46 59. 2550. ~ 7547

44 14 . 59 Z5 i-1 4 8.9517 4 59. 3642 6 5 7t6.774764 19. 14 42 4 2' 4'9.23'5 61 60. 9175' '79. 3443

-15 19. 9502 1i 49..--It 1 59 61 .50510 49 81 .3217?37 21Z 0 8 95i 3 6.31 1 81. 4302

- 53 2'5. 0462 213:4 ~ 6.911 . 3 671275 30. 63-46 11 53 .3947 54 64. 20:: 2 83J. 883

72 1 5 5.0'_39 f 48 G G6. 64 2 8 -0 8:4. 1484-785 37. 4760 D 6 c120 27 6.70 L 8.74

=21 2 6. 06l 7 Ac' 1 .7 4j 66. 742. 367 5 .807 2 9 6 7. C.783- 41 80.0620

43. '339 -57.992 30 68.4674 19 88.665344. 0240 G822 6 6. 634 8-8 --5

4 F-. 2 C19tF 7i 58-. 4 2 66 23 70. 535 7 92. 17154 3 46A. 9:3 47 5.76 s:: 7.086 66t 92.8704

C''BL I'"'I TY .11E A 14 5. F69Ei4 DEG, 8T-MIT.'ARr' DEVIATIO c20O. 8 414 D E G

PERC:ENT ILE':R.ANK DEVIATE0. 05 14.310.10 21.440.15 36.410.2 0 43.160.2-5 47.260.30 48.790.3 49.80.4f 55.6*70.45 5 8.0 00.50 58.790.55 5 59.36

=0.60 6 1 .920.6E5 66.730. 706880. 75 71.49

=0.8 UU 7729

=0.85 81.80.90 8.90.95 88. 73l

173

PRGE2L'OFAH C'MF'AOF I .C' WITH ZOT. 14 RUlH 518

FACET H10. iK'. OF I.PRCT:136

S 2-7

134 4-226 2

2r.

-27C 2

2

144 21462412

-290 1

-284 1- ~-8

-245 1-241 1-240 1-234 1

-144 1-66 1

154118 1

1,11 1

IzO 1

186 1

192 1234 1

247 12481280 1286 1

290 1

174

up4

3

z 4+

w

El

n.X

44. a

-64*

am

al to f- w ini Jr mA I to

175

Id~

I-tI

176

RODMAII LAB-PH",I CS

LOFACI COMF'fiF SOfl HITH ZO. 14 PUl 51 9 PAIGE I

THERE WEPE MISSES.

THEY W4ERE %EF.:, #: 5 45 50

OE:LIQUITY ANGlLES 11W F:-C:Eft I Il C F.'ER (DEG :)

46 l. 9''4 26 41.2211 15 53.7957? 54 9.:39 2 16C 57IS 4 4 41.447:: 64 54.2162 2 68. 7506 69 82. 270

13 22. 9.. 1' 41 . 34,2 61 57. 3642 2 68. 9230 12 82. 2,_0 .-. 91,. 44.01G 40 60.3047 67 69.5935 21 ,:.:..4

2 . 4: 35 16 44,2:4H 14 60. 3-- 4 70. 0317 74 82. 05232 4 60 738*-. m- -

56 :31. 0401 71 44. 274 4- 62. 0527 9 70. 4051 4 82. 573255 31. 2114 58 44 .47, 7 63. 091- 3? 70.8871 34 " .0C1I110 :,: .-, ,4 0 149 3 1.-59 4 5.: 7i.430 14 84.284472 -32. 82:'.- 51 44.91lg1 5 64. 751:.3 79 74. 4483 28 84.406017 .-3._ 3.67 "0 1 47.7422 8 64.7803 53 75.5046 81 85. 143-541 .34. 42 18 52 49 31 5. 4 8 98 76.0520 3 '--5. 5 99.4

.-,:_, "::-: :.' 513 '2 ' :- 4. 3 2I 5 7 76. 49 ,2:, 6 89. 243=-4 "c 6 5.77--

66 36. 0 6 52.4410 F A 66.148 " 77.4535 22 89. 9262 3_f7. 1655 N 52.7064 70 66.8144 24 77.914:3 7 1.241173 :: .j: 44 52.941 ., ._ , .'., C. :._ 78.004411 40. 1608 :':6 5:3.70.3? . 67. 5007 65 78..' 3878 40. 979 . 954 10 ,: 6' .5 0 6.2 29 78 .8 .7 4

OBLI-IITY ' Al 58 . " DEGm, ,'TAHIMAR ri .FXIITION 20.138,3 DEG

PEF:C:ENT I LES:RAHK BIEYTATE0.05 26.270.10 -"-150.15 '5. 690.20 40.650.25 4:3.52.o 0 44.55* _ l .-0.:35 1?

0.40 53. 090.45 5 8.,3. S90.50 63.160.55 65.68

O. 68 67.41

0.65 68.910.70 70.940.75 76.160.80 "-.160.85 32'.140.90 83 . 50.95 85. 53

177

[ LIIFACi CO IJfIsoU WITH -2OT. 14 RUM1 519

FAC:7T NO0. NO. OF IM1P A CTS.'

-1 36 6

2

2413 2

-2901- 289-2711-14 21

-1:341

4416 4

1311-11

14c1

1441ai15t1

1771191

132 11273196 1

m2359

240±24412,451246 162471

178

I.a.C3 44- 4.

Ito.

cim

U- w t w o Z4 j t

ti ti a

179

II

II

M N

MC3.

wwa I

W.c

ww I- U

180

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

L'FAiC CHFISON I ITH X'T. 14 RUN 520 PAGE 1

THERE 1ERE 10 SSEE:

THEY WEPE REPS #: 1 24 2C 40 43 45 50 64 67 85

OBLI'2UITY ANGLE S IN ASCENDING OR:LER ,:'EG):

46 1.,7055 -. 45. 7659 23 59. 7848 61 66. 6376 217 85.C .C 71 , 0 2 C. -_. 4" 67. 3800 34 8 r-"-880

19 10._ 169S.4 46.4 1 52 60. 8579 £6 67. 7252 3 86.258948 11 . :- 43. 9336 65 61. 4072 77 68. 7286 5 86. 45475 1. 1715 44 47.46G7 . 61 ... 5023 41 69.2781 1: F:7,. 19:-

25 13. 5 23 -2 47.8379 ::1 61. 6631 51 69.8316 63 88.012414 20. 948t 42 49.4029 55 61.9512 11 70.0590 22 90.462'73 24.9-25 2 49. 6624 3J 6"2. 2620 79 70. 295547 2.'6. 2601 - 50. 5081 75 63.0713 58 71. 600956 _ 0.-:.44 15 50. 8555 5:3 63. 6818 74 73.7490

- 7--:.: :- 55. 169 49 63. 8654 -9 75. 30507 . . 1 89 54 56. 4619 1:3 F5. 140 .38 76. 3702

..186. ,.02L0 60 65.3514 10 78.6174E. 3' 217 ... 1 78.7 0-9217 6 58. 477 30 65.3588 7 78.7401

16 41.24-9 4 59.0491 -,7 65.5221 21 c,.909159 4:., 4164 31 5. 6.389 71 82.9 44.5768 69 .,. 2'8.77 36 66. 39180 3 85.1201

OBLIQUITY MEAN 56.7546 'EG; STANDiARD DEVIATION 21.1113 DEG

* 'PERCENTILES:RANK DEVIATE0.05 11.100.10 23. 3:

0. 20 41.6'0.25 46. 0::0.30 47. 790.35 50.720.40 57 600.45 59.390.50 61. 410.55 62.200.60 64.630.65 65. 70.70 67.450.75 69.

0.85 78.690. 90 85. 360.95

181

- A

-i.'AC C 'HIP SOF'F11I TH OT. 14 FUlI il 520 PAGE 2

FP.C I HO. HO. OF I HPACT .S136134 5

182 4-136.

23-238

44± :.8 2

1 22 31

241 2-298 1-294 1

-2421-2:"4 1-134 l

- 121

12 11 1

91 1

197 119!112 11.29 115 I1t-.. 1

1 i"91

271

28319' 1

..- .£,

236. 1238 1

240 1

249 1

250 1

2831

287 1

182

fl37I3t,.

I-a

inn

C3 -14

m ~4+

44.

I"

m w r- Lo is .7 P1 -t tti ti mi ti

183

I Cx 101

184

IILOW C t:OtPAPI-30lI WITH .2OCT. 14 RUHI 521 PAME 1

TIVR CF.- 141 tII tmc.EE

TKtY WEE is : 1 13 '24 3 34 40 4~ 0 61 E, e4

=ODLIOULITY Flt-LE'S INl ITEC 1101 -'."DER (DEG'

I, ge. 1 5 . 1. 4~c 9, 4'ii '_D 622~~7 7.i 12 -15,65 47 4 5* . S4 8498 5 8.39 ,0

I "f 4~ 6. G7 16. 5 2 ~6. 539.. 2.0C 9 5423.14 1 .c'7 5 417C Q19i~ 5 8. 3,4 776.751~ 2 3 S ~45 G 11 4 0 C' 37' 1 ~ 1 1.77 27 782 3

3 ~2.5-549 11 e 4 c' .4";5 6 ;1 161c 19 0O87 ~ ~i 4 4.3: ~2 61. 5690 2 1083 7. @-7r' 4.: 4 9 .39 69 621960 23 -71.1610

41.1, zt-: 7-714 I.::? 44 6 2. 3052 l22 1'4

71 4 3.~ j Ci 4 9525 J. C.. :1 1 73268556 44. 'loi 3 5 2.3 5. 3.1 C-- 16 8 16 3375 4 4 .47f555 5 79'44598.A"~~~6. 5427 4 7945046 4 5.0A-148t . 65 55.406. 5 3 64.1101 10 8-3. 0236717 4c5 . 1 725 21 55. 5 7 64. 1219 41 30 6 2073 45- . 29 56G 33 5 -T 6 64 . 32; 0 . -.1 S3. 5 48-30

4. 457 722 6 84 56. 1531 4 54. 4260 2U 8S. 85794

0EB:L 10 1ITY 1-1E(T1h" 56.4200 D'EG- S-TAitlART' t'E-IFITIOi] I 1 .6464 DEG

PERCEPTILE3RANiK D 1'ii3T E0I.05 16E.31

Cl. 15 43zi.0. 20 4 5. 0830 .25 4 5.9350l.30 4-7.310 .35 4 9 .690.40 5240. 45 55. 6;_"0. 50 -J Ai0.55 61.15

0.65 r3.3

0. 75 6.50.80 7060l.8 5 73 .060. 90 8 2.!31l. 95 ir*4 ..0

185

LLIFAC: COMPARIS.Ot W*ITH ZC'T. 14 RUNl 521 PAGE 2

FRCET NO. NO0. OF IM.PAC:TS13 12

-134 4

242

1234 2

135 2

179182 2231 2

241

-441-431

42

-1461

441

14 21144F

213141

12 1

189 16

Im-

v a,

3 187

I His-sl

UwTw

II

.j X.)

188

17

RODII.1 LRB-PHYsI CSLARISOh WITH C"OT. 14 RUN 522 PAGE 1

LOFAC COMPF- I2S

THERE WERE 0 .. il .$E 1ES

THEY WERE REPS #:

OBLIOQUITY ANlG LES i R-$.EI SCHI.,1 0-R'.: iEu':

4 . "-, 2' 7 - 4 67 . ... 4

5 1.o-. 69 . 79, . 61. 4- 2 -,..08, 56 78.27957 42... ...7 .-.""- -.. .0" .. 4.. 78.6 467

48 23.9025 25 4~~'At1. 4174 1 7227'7 55: 79 7.919 i7"0"1o....6. 350 2t 6 6E.65 4 50 7 9. i

- :.5..-41 -o 022 2 61.40- 41 79.9,--4..62. 3.124" 15 43".- -" --".-0994 27 9. 8650 7 80.5:234

58. -0.54 754 4 . 277 -. .. 3 1, 70.0309 55 1.-24 9374' 3222.3 -t 1 C5..7 312 81.3804

49 3 2.92@J7 3241 6r 65.45.5 A. "?' 0. 3 S.8 2,.- 4 i .b-.-. -..-- r 18- - .1- - .',65.666 54 71. 1094 39 .4 710 .. ~-. 4- ,--'- 3' 5 64- 12 7E.2 '34 71 :5-4 5 70

1= 34.~r 272 4' ii 4 .crr Q7 Z' r6. 3.-o ,.,!. t..o 47 C. * 67 .=,7,G 85.8 911 '6396 3Q - - 66.9-0- 45 76.727- 34 86E. 0o:76 37.2-6417 72 .7 . C-15-5 7033 7764 15 42 86.97265 38.* 35 19 30 rt 6.65 6 77.7954 2At 2 8:.25LA

OLl UITY MEAN 59 1 EG. ST. !WRD 9 EVIATION !9.p .op- -EG

PERCE,-IT .-ES:RANK DEVIATE

0.10 . !31= C;- 1" 4 t"'

0.2, 3-. 4 -0.25 4 1. 660.30 44.380. 5.1 5

0. 45 62.310.58 65.190.55 66,.82:0.60 6% 67 . 73-0. 65 L8.9

0. 70 70.ct.

0. 75 74.30

0.85 7.61

8.95 85

i 89

LuFHIACiFH W iiiITH 70T. 14I RUHI52 PACE 2

FAC:ET 110. NO. OF IMPACTS

17 'B

2'31 6238 6

1:3551I .

22 752 4 2244 31412 224022 782

-24212 3 21

-137 165 ~ 1

202 12 32 1

2:3:3 1

"40 1254 1270 12 74 128:3 1d284 1

2 IG351

190

z

I-

in

Jru

~~191

3MI-.

192

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC COHPAF RISON 11TH ZOT. 14 RUN 523 PAGE I

THERE ,IERE t- ISSES

THEY HERE REPS : 40 45 50

OBLIO.UITY ANiGLES IIN ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):25. 93 1 92' 75 65. 0592 F, 5 82.4

72 2.2 2I-' "- - 5964 13 2 673 -- 686. 2 596 8,°5 82. 949339 27.0_:7 3 .2050 70 50. 0560 9 66. 3064 12 83. 126456 2 9. 9 12 46.2991 1 59. 5274 67.1866 3 83.475249 .4A- 43 46.7784 6D 61. 1466 60 67.2031 74 84. 223.462 3. 1'_ 47.8048 24 61.2050 31 67.4262 34 84.410541 2.3,q 81 49.5415 10 61.2645 51 68.2796 20 85. 299:11 '4.4- 19 51. 4026 46 61.5351 57 65821 69_ .l,_9 85.314466 35. 0415 51.7454 42 61 .6395 47 70. d2:355 7.000536 3 5. 671 51.9531 2:3 61.7104 79 70.3264 54 87. 452076 3G. 4 4417" 0 44 5. 5:369 7 62.8023 271 5 67115 63 88.3.78: --7.7704 18 53.0495 7-3 :3.0963 . 7 71.:9g3 5 '9.9,778 37. a- , : --53 .08 8 21 3Q 3.5895 17 71 9 2:6 30 9 ' • ,1726 40.178 53.59:39 80 64.2959 7 7l3 3956 7 93'

5'40. 5 -. 1I- 59 64. 5367 48 78. 025'54 '. _59 -- 14 9 .4 ,'61 40.59' 54.550 28 64.6502 14 79.484 4,204 .,3 56.1403 4 64.9641 8 81. 3235

OBLIUITY MEAN 59.7535 DEG, STRNDARD DEVIATION 17.8252 BEG

PERCENTILES:RANK DEVIATE0.05 .,0.050.10 34.620. 15 f7 010.20 41.630.2.'5 46.280.30 51.220._35 3.050.40 54.880.45 58.570.50 61.400.5 62.99

0.60 64.630.65 66.300.70 68.310.75 71 .76

F 0.80 78.610.85 83.050.90 85. 030.95 88. 65

193

1 ~ LOFAC: C01NPAfiSiot WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 523

FAC:ET NO. NOc. OF IHFPACTS

178 4240 4

179 3

246

-134-142

1442

18-4 2

-C424E

245

2461

14 15 1

171197 1

12 11351

1971

FI

II

14 Ini

Lin

In

U-l

1951

-

U'

LMm L

tr- in

Od196

ROBDf- LAB-PHYS ICS

LOFAC COMPARISON WITH T. 4 524 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 12 MI SSESTHEY WIERE RE; #: 1 4 13 24 26 30 35 40 45 50 64 85

OBLIQUITY INGLES IN ASCEIt1G ORDER (DEG):

71 7.8994 11 41.999 65 52.3384 21 66. 1474 74 83.400446 7.9442 38 43 .572 49 52.6436 39 67. 5459 34 .... 2'34 .' 5- , 5 ' - 6 8 4 0 0 7 .2 2 9 1

41 20.2937 41 19 ' 7

47 21.7777 59 44..6797 1 52.8578 23 68.4549 22 89.950362 22. 1923 16 45. 7 02 '3 83 54. 0245 2 68. 7739 0. 680048 22.4999 54 45.9 j9 84 56.5059 15 69.590436 2:3.548:5 4t4 46.44 5 ..._,,-"., 7 70. C2722

S4. 8. 47. 5 084 4 8- 60. 1742 77 70.79(6

72 26.4267 82 4. '3. 2.5 99 60.8814 18 71 . , 7 7 -219 26. 6754 31 48. 38 3f 61.4800 20 71.398-17 26.9561 63 48 .. 388 I0 I. 6336 14 71.479456 29.4017 27 49.0119' .1 6-.993 79 72.6578

29 1c~ "O Ip 4-1 96.9,1i 78 32. 1891 68 49. 27 58 4.14 33 7. 3366

7 ,,. 5 72" 61 2771 64.5478 -1 29 75. 4329371 .. L1 5 .=. 473 " " .t.j4

37 9,11 51 50.47 : 8 64. 6481 3 77.2351-64- 4 2, -. ,.9

9 40..9046 i 2 65. 06.81 75 0.169553 40.4979 55 51. 175 2 f 65.3701 70 81-303

OBLIQUITY MEAN 53.807_ DEG! STAIIARD DEVIATION 19.5647 DEG

PERCENTILES:RANK DEVIATE0.05 210.10 24. 1 90. 15 2 0 280.20 38.90.25 42.790.30 45.740.35 48.180.40 49.130.45 50.990.50 52.750.55 58.-20.60 61.540. 65 64.560.70 65.990.75 68.610.80 70.91.0.85 72. 540.90 79.O00.95 85.14

197

LOFAiC COIPFIRISON WITH ZOnT. 14 RUJN 524 PAGE 2

FAU7~ NO0. 14O. OF IMPACTSI 136-13t 5

178 44

4 3

47211513':;5 2247

2 5 3

274 226 2

-2381-21121-1341

43451

129114211441

1 7 -11

196 1

22312*3 11240241

243142451

2491272127771

Ix UlU

mStcS

gC

w r- in 9

-14'*199

Ir

* IL

IcIn

ic

Ift IS

CNEVIt #A

200

RODIANi LfA--PHYSICS

W'JFR"Z T C1pjR ;c -1Tl Zq- 14 RIu 525 PRGE I

E WEE 14 ISSES

THEY ME:E REPS #. a 13 .... w. 36 w 42 43 45 5-" 59 66

ELVi iI T Y ;;LE I r -1'4lG INiE (;E.z

-4c 1 I5 A. - r. -,r a

=. . 3 5 7 i I M1 _" ~ 5 3 I 9 0 z

15.,-. :3. - 7M - 51 3l

• .i 4 4Rr: = -.a51 w ,74 .P -2 W fl Art ~ ,l~ 5

LI-= 4 -- -- --. i99l C, t4. i1¢ .-

-- .,,,.A-._ i--- 93 3

--. - 3 r;,-.- .

- tA, t U I TYIoEoll

.2 - 36 5i. 7

O. 60 r .2r0

R

51 6 -

C- 159

~1Oi 1 5 9Q 4.4t - f

587 64. 3-2---3 i:t-

A Ir

A! % 6C: s 35

0... . L - 2 5

201i C4_ -.5

-t u' i5I- ~ - 7 0 0

41LI41.T e 11 5.1 71EG iS l KIA tI l 34TC 8. 5 E

PLTH 3 ELED.1:4t =37-. 4 3

0.1 ?a6.0700.15 3E:.93 -il TO1- 1.55 DG

0.2 42.EAN 8610.5 498

0.C 4fl 6.5

0.60.65 647

0.0 83.1

0. C. 8Z.1

201

LOFiC OMfISiWTH HI'T. 14 RUN~ 525 PAIGE 2

FACET HO. NO. OF IMPACTS-134 51:3134 4

67?-66 2~

46 2

129 217.3 21H2.184 12199 2

-241 1-235 1

-231 1-199 1-14f: 1

47 1

611Q1

106 112 5 1

132 1135 1

146 11I'? 1

11

197

2231

23912401

24312451

297

202

It

C35

m -

C3 ..t

44. II53

ILm

4

m OR m to m to 0 w 0

203

tI

crIc

x 30.

S.

I204

RODMAII LAB-PHYSICS

LOFFIC COMPARIS0H WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 526 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 0 MISSES

THEY WERE RE-PS #:

OBLIQU!TY ANGLES IN ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

9 128 59 45.*82 1' 61.4913 46 66.9909 39 ff.8187b .- 2,,3..'- 67.0498 11 "0l. 4!05• .:. 12. 42-9 18 48. 6644 55 63.1513 -' 0-4 V .434 3T 6,3. 2592 1 68.1190 49 8.73 - '7 4 4 -" - 75 5._'.37-30 10 6:3. 77-8 '' 0 9 68 .8-6 . C. -38 86 Z 61

65 3 . 8.5: 48 5. 4047 24 63.9795 26 68.3971 57 82. 55612 .=,:5 53 53. 8002 21 64.0581 4 68.5142 41 83. 529761 34. 3455 62 56.0591 64 64. 3374 27 4..970 81 4.29738 4 ._ o,-"- 5 -.6977 13 64.3746 72 68.9343 34 84.3008

74 35.4024 79 56. 9901 3 64.416q 40 69.4425 o' 85--76 25;4191 19 57.2891 29 64.4471 52 69.8489 20 86 1073f. 0 'E'6.1

84 37.0982 80 57. 4441 6 64.6293 14 70. 3989 tI 86.154470 38. 2535 47 57. 6821 50 65. 3099 85 70. 4873 4 86.581r25 39. -'"-" 51 57. 7578 :32 65.5616 36 73.1388 54 86. 954

71 40.6705 44 58.97,8 68 65.6811 66 74.6660 63 87. 16467 40.7956 56 60. 0 9, 2 66.315* 3 74.7359 1 88.1769 4,.8197 77 6.6982 3?' 66.3181 45 75.068: 5 8 8.410715 44.9162 17 61.2'027 28 66.9379 . 76.3572 22 80.5509

OBLIQUITY MEAN 61.5753 DEG9 STANDARD DEVIATION 18.3921 DEG

PERCrENT I LES:RANK DEY IATE0.05 26.500.10 35.070.15 39.190.20 44.990.25 53.390.30 56.930.35 57.880.40 61..3%2'0.450.50 64.420.55 65.600.60 66.970.65 68.40 -0.70 69.520.75 73.900.80 77.520.85 82.65'0.90 85.980.95 87.10

205

LL

LOFAC COIP R I SON W ITH ZOT. 14 RUN 526 PAGE 2

FAL2T NO. NO0. OF IMPACTS

5

242,~ 4

1422

234 2'C9 2

-44 -

-241

4 11

4

24701

E l -

C31

44.-

a.. -Iio

I- La IAIn s4 tw oi;t

207~

IMIR-

Pl--i n 1 1 2

fmm

208

IRODiMAN LAB-PHYSICSLc'FAC C:OMPARISOH WITH Zt'T. 14 RUN 527 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 3 MISSES

THEY WERE REPS #: 1 45 73

OBL IQUI TY ANGLES I N ASCEND ING ORDER (DEG):

57 10.7961 38, 44. 9565 13 58.20 32 65.886 69 80.199059 0 C57 ..2 45.5579 29 58.9976 62 66.0902 41 81.723828 24.0476 40 46.8172 70 5 9. 5348 31 6625-5 254

18 25.9603 52 47.51 3 59.7208 54 66.3863 21 83. 198058 27.6715 36 48.0428 72 6 60.11??7 2 66.7'774 63 84.3--6-361 34.0145 4 48411 43-.41 2 7288- 39 84.703635. 34.1091 47 4 9. 9664 3 4 61 .64 7 37 67.4966 81 84.9044

.84 237. 4:3 04 8u 50.9728 82 61.17096 1 2 6 7.8950 9 58.4. 94 47'66A 37.9785 44 51.9210 19 62.1016 23 68. 9375 50 85. 92*?49 38.1:859 16 52.0598 30 62.4027 9 700$? 6' 599

25 38 *70 15 52. 0743 85 63-.186 7 70 73 6 8.126 39. 6025 56 53.4009 4 2 6 3 . 36 41 77 227 22 8e.8

71 41.1169 1? 53.9096 55 63.4028 80 '73.6365 5 89.39A~57 6 4 1. 2:86?7 10 55.9098 51 64.9505 6? 71 4.0823 7 9 1. *-:Ib 4

-i7 42-0890 6:83 55.9'3451 14 5.0415 11 75. 06 3274 42.7427 75 56.9717 46 65.0754 8 :.99249

53 4.072 64 58.1737 24 65.1742 48 '79.85:35

c'BLIQUIJTtl- MEAN 5 9 .7 583 DE G STANDARD DEVIATIOIN 17f .42943 DEG

PERCENTILES:RANK DEVIATE0.05 26.220.10 37. 6 30.15 40.280.20 42.920.25 47.390.30 50.870.35 53.43 -0.40 57.21

0.50 6 1.6t-80.55 63. 300.60 65. 070.65 66.250.70 67.540.75 70.790.80 7.10.85 82.150.90 84.840.95 87.00

209

LOFAC C:OI1PAR:ISD;0t WITH MI'T. 14 RUN 527 PAGE 2

FACET NA0. NO. OF IMPACTS

17:3 4179 4

231Z 4242 4

46

-146 2-136 2

134 2182

24 4 22 87 2

-2420

4-2C

131

-14

2M 7

441 124 1

1'351

21421

IcIL

cto

lo

'4

~21

rr~~~~~~_ a7-___ ____- - --

ar

mail

mill

-

316

inl212

RODMt'AN LAtB-PI-YSICS

Lc'FAC COMHRI'30t WITH MIT. 14 RUHI 528 PAGE 1

THERE WENE 1 1 MISSES

THEY WERE REPS ~: 1 13 1b 24t 26 40 45 50 53 5? 64

OBL~IUIi A 4G L ES IN I SC:ENITiHG ORD~tER -DEC):

70 83.7445 56 4f.6 52 57. ;6 # 2 69.805C. 6 85.7L472a 173 83Z 48. 0113 313 58.15 ( (.*

30 46 4'9 7t 4 8..231 3 59.92:5 1 72. 5353 8 9.4i28 2.1071 43 4 -.9;3 69 71889 '?.532 4 q

7 3310 52 49 49. 799 -44 61.8385 54 7 2. 633*'1 2 9. 25761 3-8. 715 80 51.0 A-Z. 5 61.8819 483 73.430251 39. 93*21 6.7 -1 .9493 32 6.30 7 3784766 40.8237 15 5!3. 120 7 35 .635 63 'C81 .38S*4 384 4 3. 129 6 47 5 4. 035 12 (264 59 C3.61-71 43.7 349 21 5=4 .126. 8 20 63:. 012 31985 44. 1205 17 5.93 65 6? 1142 75 8312

4 44.9275 7 55.29 25 3 64. 2595 60 8.39*42 5 4.42 11 55 3*641 55:34 2 64. 39Q,50 E1 8 3. 9428

S45.-1594 14 56VS1019?- 19 A-5 8 332 4 858234 5:38 4 6. 5762 Z2: 5 7.3'2 55 6 29 2559

46 4.61 31 f 7314 27 9.57 42 -1 .S.2L'

OB:LIQUIITY MEAN 5 9.9352 DIEG, STANDAiRD DEVIATION 18.0310 DEG

P E R CEnT ILES:RANK DEVIATE0. 05 2*6.170.10 390 .340l. 15 4.80.20 45.160.25 47.970.30o 49.430.35 537. 350.40 55.290.45 57. 360.50 59.120.55 61.92

0.6 65.470.70 70.440.7'5 72.57

0.80 81.380.85 83. E70.90 85.680.95 87.74

213

LOFAC CrOMpRISOt4 WITH ZAT. 14 RUH 528 PRGE 2

FACET HO. NO'. OF IMPHCTS

134

1 34 4

44118146:24F254

-2431-2341

-144146 1

671

14

13

12 1

187

201

21-

inU

mPILa

maL6a0 Is

in aam 12 a

215

m IW-

Ez.

vv

In-

216

RODMANI LAS~-PHYSICS

t LOFAiC COMPAtRISONI WITH ZOT. 14 RUHI 529 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 21 MI'SSES

THEY WERE REPS #: 1 5 8 13 16 24 26 30 3:3 40 43 44 4550 52 5~3 555-4 87

O'BLIQ~UITY ANGLES INI ASCEHDrIHiG ORDER <DIEG):

11 22936 47 51. 2874 61 60. 9543 41 78. 628370 29.0508 79 52.0314 83 61.0484 54 79.437135 2935405 31 54.6325 60 61.0746 49 81.09251 29.9176 59 54.6525 73 61.706? 84 81.4288~66 30.3741 14 55.0168 6 63.0725 81 83.563319 31.3398 82 55.0389 36 63. 7391 22 84. 026858 32.8745 15 55.3917 29 65.3664 10 84.273839 37. .3850 80 55. 4432 56 66. 1184 74 84. 902172 38.1105 28 55.8140 65 67.6743 3 86.7717Al27 40.6118 34 56.01 85 69.1256 16 87.0857

71 41.1917 63 56. 8384 23 69.7394 78 87. 70859 41.8176 4 56.2099 7 70.4866 25 88.222877 43.6046 21 59.1512 37 72.6270 69 88.7265

38 46.6146 i2 59. 9001 48 72.659146 49.2620 20 59.9339 75 74.150762 49. 8?22 32 59.9919 67 77. 254017 50.6682 2 60.3104 42 77.3186

OB:JLIITY MEAN 60.2474 t'EGr ST ANDARD' DEVIATION 17. 381b DEG

PERCENT ILES:RANK D'EVIATE0.05 29. 630.10 32.110.15 39.9 90.20 43.600. 25 50.07

10.30 5330.35 5 5'.0 30.40 55.8:10.45 58.450.50 5 9. 960.55 61.020.60 63. 070.65 66.50.70 70.11A0.75 7.70.80 78. 6:3

10.85 3J1.960.90 '34. 5 90.95 87. 55

217

L;JFA CUMF'A IsoHl wITH ZOT. 14 RLIH 52 9 PAGE 2

It~ET b: fl0: OF iii4

-4

= 34 2-

282

I C, t.

444

4.6"

822

- -I 1-

2

129

142-25 1

-1424

4 1

191

68 1

,-, .-,1

21 1

2 129

118 1129 1.32 1134 1

44

13 1144 .1

179 1199 1203 1212 1

229 1244 1

254 1270 1275i"283 1*

218

T to-"It-

I-m

mm

ai.

Ecl im

m T - t 4 a 'v

- t UU U

219n

*

IL

wr*

a CM

x 0-

WN

,- -n

wz220

ROIMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC COMPARISON WITH ZO0T. 14 RUN 5 30 PAGE I

IiTHERE WERE 0 MISSES

THEY WER'E REPS #:

OBLIQUITY AHGLES IN ASCENDING ORDER (BEG):

35 21.0511 37 41. 6131 19 65.=25M 50 69.8479 29 83.234169 22 .29'5 18 41.7300 45 65.3864 57 69.9803 67 85.814875 22. 8651 63 41.8190 68 65.8698 31 71.7628 , 86.548562 26 .4461 3c 431679 16 66.2708 1 71.7746 34 86.8.0811 29.9214 10 43.2978 2 3 66.2796 4 72.2114 42 86.9838

...... 60-h.-i .. , 6 87. 4044 .66 29.9956, 71i 43. 4785. 60 66. 5865 2 7 72.23 87-404

5. 30.1085 65 49.2474 40 67.7498 32 7.2323 22 88.552870 32.4447 24 49.3573 28 67.8027 54 72.5b99 12 8.845774 32.7032 30 49.8122 46 67.8512 5 74.3346 - 89.0410--.-. , to.-, :,9 44-7 3. -. 50.40j _, 13 68.067 7 7175.1726 21 89.17 .. 25 4 14 . 9. 2 .0758 4? 76.5000r-,' 44 14 59OGAf

48 .2 3: 54.4-31 9 6.-31:82 77 8.919249 35.4421 44 57. 4367 43 6.8.6110 56 78. 977515 36.4649 53 5t. 1585 17 68.9341 8 79.972978 4".'4 5 51 59. 695 26 69.2604 41 80.741761 37.8173 64 .,8, 55 69.6487 20 82. 259725 39.6893 73 64.1602 2 69.6731 39 82.7978

OBLIQ-ITY MEAN F0.9945 DEG, STANI'ARD DEVIATION 19.5813 BEG

PERCENTTILES:RANK DEVIATE0.05 26.270.10 32.210.15 3 3. ,50.20 37.740.25 41.800. 30 47.520.35 51.760.40 59.070.45 65.330.50 66.430.55 67.950.60 68.740.65 69.730.70 71.910.75 73.080.80 78.930.85 8 2.340.90 86.580.95 88.57

221

LOFAC CcIMPfiRISON WITH 70T. 14 RUN 530 PRGE2

FACET 110. NO. OF IMPACTS136 1b

-136 5-

178 5I

182 4Ii231 4171 3

242-231 2

14222402244 2270 2274 22872

-2321651

137 1196123412361241 1246125312751277 1

2 1283 1

288 1

222

==Z

INN

191

UlU

S-

164

; 223

InmtI.-

- 224

PODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFfIC COtMPARIS -il WITH Z'OT. 14 RUN 5231 PG

THERE WER -MISE S

- THEY WERE REPS #: 1345

flBLIQUITY ANGLES IN ASCENING ORDER (DEV)

3.5 16455 q5999 43 51.577w- 69 66. 522 3 14 8 A'4

-. E 'Ar 19 bb. 0 .0165 57 8s3. 0 i4 3

36 1.14 25 70 '7.& '88 52.23681r

72 21 .537 71 1O h-R 6 52.651' 68 66.9-469 73 8341

62: 24 .7 720 81 3954.58-3-:3 1 52.798" 6 67 .2118 38 8 3. 5 36-8

49 26. 9--1- 5 3 .7 5'.1' a 67.4249 3 9 4Pj..66

67.833 4771~5 84.2j16

58 --A 7 5 . 6-:. o,47.54214

I. :QO 6 68.a2722 65 84.2-198

66 27.8IS4 45 29 41.8524 83 5838'

15 29.0772 40 4 1 .9 58lr6 26 5. 5945 8 68.4436 10 8 4.8 '14 2

11 30. 14655 63 4.4085 2 59.0155 tu150 27 86.R0001

56 3 31.43 3 4.021 1 59.0817 4 69.0846 2 8697

74 31.3199 34 45.0130 80-5 59.1341 51 69. 39 2 6 20 879 04

41 .32. 6834 - 4363 60.31702: 4 6 9936 31 So. 7509

61 33 141 4d 46.3312 4 6 6 2. 7 833 70. 35S17 2 032

78 3.76 5 47.6360 42 64.97(40 1 73.2424 7 9 9-0.5457

21 34.a4460 18 49Q.5 4 33 65.7147 48 7-4.4627

84 5. 0835 53 50.'70599 2 66. 1015 77 75.3085

76 35.82 99 6 7 51.43296 3 66.2815 3 81.8725

OBLIOQUITY MEAN 56.3536 DEGs STANDARD DEVIATION4 20.0413 DEG

= PERCENTILES: RN EIT

0.05 20.10 29 .400.15 3.

0.25s920.30 4 1.950.35 45.410.40 50.850.45 52.70r0.50 58.40.55 59.940.60 66.020. 65 6.40.70 68.20.75 69.540.80 74.800.85 83.27

0.95875

225

LOFRC COMr~PARISON WITH POT. 14 RUIN53 PFIGE 2

FAiCET 110. NO. OF IMPACTSI16 8D244 5-136 4

10 4179 4

247 4144 3

17 22

28431842242 2e4 2

22862

-2801-198K-1441.-142 1

341

3 41

451

'24114 1

2411241

226

- a w -- --- - - - - -

II

I II Inn u l u liba=a

22a

ci a

=0

=

t-

Incc a-

zzicicU'

wl In

228j

F:0T'iii LfE-PHYSICS

L ..... C ,28-1S1 I~TH ZOT. U 14_,U 53 PRGEI

THERE MERE 16 MISSES j_ AS

THEY WERE REPS1 4 -X 14 2 4 26. s35 40 43 45 5

i~ ~~ ~ ~S ---.,ElfD"R Yr~~rNG ORDER U[,EG):OBLIQUITY N-L.ES- IN, .S....N .r(DG

46 1 = 9 40.39 7 5.0 4 I 73 65.2715 2 9 -.6862

1r 917f r-c3 65.9452

19 !9.45 a 41.,3-5 30 57.1052 37 66. 4554. -- A-D -

56 .o668 q 4.82 5 57. 446! O 6.23

51 !z"i. 409 -' 212 2-- 5 . ; 3 8 € . "62

78 1 . 5 42.2625 -5:.7241 57 -2964

61 31.84!9 1 81 42.5.4i .9 59.658 M. 69.597

71 3-. 67 43.08 n2 59, 2330 -3 7'.0235

7. 34.,1I-1 D 6 5 43. 55 53 62.!605 7 I.9118

36 34.53" ; 45*11 . -,7.1 75. O7

4 35.4'A' S 45.&t-' 4v 1.34 9 3 3.3373

C4 485 99 63-498 C4 .5324= ~ 5t 4,- j T* -4 4 " .... --

1 7 " . 2 64. 621 15 $,0.

•; 0r.: 64.7494 4 Th453&313-. t; 59M 48 03 """ --S 65.0663 --'1 85.4737

75 3 .4 7 ,-- 51.-' ..-

55 3"-894 16 52 20 -2 65. 06_7--_.,563 40.06t3 cr4 55.3 '55 39 65.1068 32 7969

,-r_,¢, 5DE".' T !IfISRD DE..ATiO- 1388 E *A0BL I iiTY FiE''--iN - 53. 840w flu-,--D R t E?,,I 2 . 8u E

PEtrC.:Tri zLL-=

0. 18 3:.440. 15 35.i8. 20 37.3Oi. 25 48.4'

8. 38 41 e 6.3:/5 4.820. 40 45.ro0.45 51.2?I0.50 A-.4 t'

-1

£1.55 57.94u.E 58 9.23~£1.65 62.958.70 I..8

0.75 65.61

0. 85 71. •470. 90 76.5 3 -

0.9 5 E5, 50

-- 2-9

- LOFRC COIIPII'OH H lii H 'Oi 14 E.IlII 3 PAGE 2

FAC:1 NO, HN 0F I HI ACT-1 :-: 1uc~3

- I C.6.-,5 3

42 2:--:6 31 25 2

13_-4 2

14 6 2

~1 ?.178 2

1993

246 2287 2

-278 1-273 1,'.., ",

-137 1-135 1

-65 110 1

13 12:3861 1

113

144 1179 12 1 f

S

229 1231 1

243 1

245 1247 1249 1

Cu'. : ", 1

270 1275 12972

- 230

Is

M

l

V 41%

mm

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...RO'MAI LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAI: COMIPRI:sON WI.ITH -0T.14 RIJI 533 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 14 M1IS SES#THEY 1EE 'EF"; : 1 10 15 24 26 30 4- 43 45 53 54 66 82

... OBLIQIIIT'Y ANGLES Ill 'EHt' I fH ORDER ,'D EGC :

7.4 21:' S l 44. 3-'t. 12 58.4079 17 6c'. l919 - '

74 17.4700 65 44. 454l 27 60.6620 55 68.6645 5 90.6724

78 21.4462 52 45.1565 14 60.7244 69 .984356 22.' :?6:31 47 46.7.,19 75 60. 8"8 22

o-,- II 49 ":317 39 61.0027 7 70 .3621

41 28. 4490 79 50. 2099 62 61.5027 3 7353267 3.1. " 2-' 58 62 51 71.9460

31 34.G65( , 5 3 .C 6 62.5016 25 -72.6469

12 35.537 1', 59 53.8490 72 62.7576 61 72.8970

48 35.5702 70 .- 122 49 63.2420 7 74 .76143 36. 2807 28 54. 7099 35 63.3297 18 80. 4389

8i 40.5075 57 56 6.062 80 63. 4878 34 81. 7923:. 40.9932 83 56.4031 44 64. 1285 71 82.31,8

4 41.6767 b8 56.4274 50 64.3999 21 83.4749

4 42. 6331 84 56.6091 16 65.0517 37 83 .891133 43.9171 7 5 6.6207 29 65 1969 13 83.9094

OBLIQlUITY MEAN 56. 4047 PEG5 STFiNI'DARI DEVInesT-,tI 1-8 3526 DEG

PERCENT I LES:RANK E.; I A E0.05 19 se-0.10 29.-0.15 '5. 56

0.20 41.260.25 43.980.30 46.140.35 53.450.40 54.550.45 56.500.50 58.410.55 60.9 3.A0.60 62.550.65 -3.460.70 65.11

. 75 68.660.80 70.960.85 7. 270.90 82. 210.95 85.68

233

LOF t comIIPAr: m ltH ZnT. i RUiI 53.--: F'HgE 2--5

FACET I. tNcI. OF I IIPACTS134 5'129 4

4

-13411517832 8.:7

45286 2

-231 1-6 11.1

10 11:3 1

35144 14 6

' 1

65 1i6 I65

91191 1

93 19? 1

142 1171 1177 1

.497 119:3 1

202203 1

223 1223 1og 1

242

245 1

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290 1294I2961297 1

234

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F'O IIAU LiE-PHYE ., I ,

LG F iC ft i4 iS;rII I W ITH OT. 14 RU1N 534 PAGE 1

THERE tEF:E ES

THEY NERE REP' S:

CFjL I oL I I-TY AtGLESE II ASCENDINHG ORDER (DEG

5 12. -9l1 69 41 2425.56 63 S 2 28 68.51175 0 78.35,

" 71 464 4 4.0 8'1 1 8 0 ... 11 80 .. 1,:,8

2- 2 ~4 24 iS 6. 18 4:. .27 C-4 51 6. 12430 22. 68.9376 49 .5:-:.A.

77"9 1 4. 7 . 64 6 9 69. 1268 41 83.054

45 23. 9. 4 3 16 64 4 23 6 9. 64304 9 83.8961

74 217. 2570 48 4:- 47995 17 64. 5a2 5 G9.85,8 45 :4 .. 61

6. .99, 5-3 56 .1032 8 6 4. 5 7 27 70.9587 0 84. 956?

84 32. 2738 75 56. 136 3 50 65 44 4 71.1646 34 85.4514

61 33.0104 7,821 85 - -2.4565 8 6 3. 4505. 9 8o 58,- .4 5 15 40 E.6 034 ; 14 *72.4685 43 8 7. 10 6 1

76 . 4 1 6 4160 4 36 . 63 63 87.159876~~~~ 3399 4 5 8 .96 8. 1; 64R 3

--54 '1-:11 721 -256 45 P97. 02 75. 0623 20 87.21'

43- 88.4803

S37. 0031 19 6! 68 67.5762 f 76.4571 - -1524 61.-.4E 46 67.64'9 58 7.6130 22 08.7505- 65 40. 629 61' 4:7 23 67.7808 62 .268 31 .so..--

- -~~Z -- -7. ., .:o I: -

9I.: -

25 40.4051 37 61.9558 13 6,0706 7 78. 72 90. -

OBLIQCUITY MEAN1 61.2161 DEGs STANDARD DEVIATION 19.2967 DEG

PERCENT ILES'RANK DEVIATE0.05 26.210.10 3... 720.15 37.480.20 40.570.25 43.800.30 57.500.35 F0.640.40 62.430.45 64.400.50 65.450.55 67.280.60 68.340.65 69.590,70 72.4E.0.75 75.930,80 78 730.85 - 970.,90 86.750.95, 88 16

237

LOFfIC: C.O.*PAIRSH-o IWITH ZOT.14 PLIN .. PAGE 2

FACET HO. OF IMPFCTS

I6 2.: 12

17:s. 42ci2 42:323

24 0 3

12 2142

2 4 422X2

285 228? 2

-278 1

-231 132 1

135 1

-. -i7

2461270 1

238

II1 -4

12 In i

23

FEE~

UlU109M

240

Bwr

ROW-1 A i LAB-PHY-S ICS

L Of F ACCI 1 OP AI :S 0 W TH 7 !DT. 14 I.IJt4 535 PAGE I

TrHIERE NOR E 4 1MISS ES

-THE'l WEI:L REP,:- ji, 1 24 50 73

OB:LIQUITY ANGLES IN H..CEEIT'iIG ORDER 'fE)

5? 1 .80 4 41 4 6r-5 7 0 =J59.o6 0 E- 6.89-111 41 2.66804 45 20 7 20 . 533 1 43--' 5q.73"54 28 9 .9 0032" 65 814. 4177

'-'51 7-4 5 9 70.0077 10 84.6181161 2. 02 5 44 "i ' 15 4 2 63.9772 21 7 0. 3G4 2 63 27 .3

-74 30. 1018 19 4 9. 86 -24 13 F-4. 414 9 362 0325 8 1 '5. 950149 31o1.: -?7f 11 C 53.: 64606 7 7 1 .2 32 IF 8.2972

75 2.292 40A 9'. 990 18 65.10fj29 3 72.0686 22 <S'. 24 5351: .275 F, '20 31 6 49 39 73. 128 5p 89. 7287

334.2-q ~77 46 F,.6412 77 7912 0 19036 34.3 -8 5275 16- 6679 7 37 734'.2929

2 5 N70EF 69 5-1 8~ 51 FA. 1-80 z. r 74.4503S3.92 4 5.4. 976 1 30 6? 1923 11 75. 902:1

S35 .45 4 55- 55. 06 5 6 6 17 w5 655 48 976.325076 36. 19 56 55.4 678S 2 67.6781 67 77. 419371 7.2118 72 55.9-7-0 3 32 68i-.12 80 ' 02624

c~40. 440 1 5- 17 5 528 -'1. 01 H"115 4P-. 5461 64 555.S14 03 12 69. 4244 59 82.1044~

OBELiOIITY MERN 5*9. 5434 DEG! STRAIIAE D'EVIATION- 183971 DEG

PERCEILSRAHK DE..IATE

0.1 Hi 32.G-7

0 . 20 A 39.440.25 46.040.30N 5 1. 23p0.35 52.910.40 55.51

045 59. 1 30.50 64. 41

0.55 66.540.60 67.49c. 69.0fJ80. 70 70.191.7 72. 60

0.80 75. 030..85 8-00.490. 90 .84.47

0.95 8 6. 49-

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I5I'RODMAH LAB-FIYS ICS

LOFAC CO'PARI SOIl WITH ZOT. 14 RUII 5,36 PAGE I

THERE WERE 12 MISSES

THEY HERE REPS #: L 13 16 24 40 45 0 53 2 57 64 65 3

OBLIQ.UITY AIIGLES I N ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

35 5. 8055 2 43.7 :0 56. 70-33 12 65.98:33 85. 658836 16. 511_ 34 -15.40.7 17 . _ 67 ,1 ' - 86.004648 19. 17045 14 45. -103 11 5(.4273 9 67. 8817 18 86.659837 21. 4071 5 4. 57.8021 26 67.9528 . , o .1 .618584 2:.7605 7 46.0001 51 38.63C9 30 68.406870 31.91 4 469044-33 62 59.5269 6 68.5472

61 32.0233 72 48.6717 42 59.7172 23 70.182620 ''2. 4451 52 48. 8094 55 61. 138: 39 72.35615 3.-. 208 56 49. 27332 82 62. 0097 76 72. "323638 35.3094 43 49.3166 46 62.3421 75 73.294971 of. 2.28- .7 83 51.1614 66 62.5757 41 76.455474 3. . 51.3111 9 62.6001 31 77.94055:. 38. 2391 21 52.2 649 32 64. 1742 63 81.574278 4 0.- 2 63•5 19 53.3578 54 64.4784 59 82.045025 40.3120 47 54.8944 44 64.6424 82.912:3 4,., "0.2' !03 10 56. 2597 3 60 8. 767381 42. .3199 6 8 5 6. 2681 6e 65.7492 8 83.8823

OBLIQUITY MEAN 56.0041 DEG, STANDARD DEVIATION 18.2718 DEG

PERCENTILES':HIRANK DEV IATE

0.05 20 .550.10 32.150.15 37.200. c 0 40.290.25 44.210.30 45.990.35 49.060.40 51.500.45 56.050.50 57.390.55 59.560.60 62.2 2:0.65 64.310.70 65.770.75 67.940.80 71.051.85 76.530.90 82.690.95 85.78

_ : ;245

L i ~q': ::r*FFI:VC' WITH ZOT. 14 RUIN 536.AGE

FAGCET no0. 110. OF IMPAlCT'S

12413287

1371462182 2184 2187212246 22 48 2

-2711-22

-1341451471

941118113211351177 1

19122312311

231242124412451247127012811

2812851

2861

246

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247

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248

RnrI'ItI LAB-Pti3IC:S

LOFAC CnMPAR ISnH 1ITH 70T. 14 R:Ut 5317 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 16 MISSES

THEY HERE REPS #: 1 1 3 16 24 2-26 30 33 40 44 45 50 51 5764 68 76

OBLIQUITY ANGLES I I-,ErD I 1G ORDER (

72 15.8772 56 45.46'3 60 61.1155 59 71.2862 86.F".093 16.9789 77 4 2.687 17 61.1350 23 71. 3786

62 20. 0160 14 47. 3885 2 61. 8851 6 73.270825 23.7317 47 47.8194 61 61.9242 11 73.528682 24.0068 52 49.1897 10 62.3162 53 75.448035 32.2661 34 49.4060 12 63. 1641 85 77.3706Ern. 1-79.4546

41 35.876' 46 51.7531 67 63..4068 69 79.454671 37.1518 54 51 0488 83 63 59 2178 38.5609 55 5''. 0247 64.6941 70 8. 290119 38.9187 5 52.5004 58 64.7490 81 82.402128 41.6690 49 53. 6297 32 64.7807 66 82. 904039 41.7803 80 5"..2. 43 "3 " " 7"D 43 ,6.5. %--6 6 9 .3: 8 o,. 67 1

=.r. no,-4. 066142.-2042 79 ..0 6 6l 21 66.2173 3. .

84 42.22,4 31 57.1968 15 67.1851 74 ,4.801673 42.4207 63 57 .6260 42 68. 0:352 36- 8 5 .53 '.-327 44. 1625 65 58*5195 48 68.0461 22 86. 14317 44.9342 4 5 9 .oo8 3"5 75 71."2522; 18 8 6 .4 5 8'2

OBLIQUITY MEA ' 0. 1869 IDEG STANDARDR' DEVIATION* 18.1989 DEG

PERCENTILES: IRANK DEVIATE0.05 21.870. 1 0 3 5. 8 80.15 40.290.20 42.230.25 45.200.30 47.620.35 50.900.40 53.630.45 57.410.50 .61.120.55 62.120.60 63.590.65 65.070.70 68.040.75 -71.330.80 75.450.85 80.230.90 83.670.95 85.84

249

LOFA' COMPFAR 13111 WITH ::T. 14 RUNH 537 PAGE 2

FACET NO. NO. OF IMPACTS136 G28 4 C

142

45 21292178 2

-280 1-242 1

-239 1-232 1

-68 1-66 1

14 131 1

36 147 166 1

68 183 1

96 1

10411081

1371156117111821199120?2311

24312441253125412701280129012951

250

I.-k

I-.

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ROTDMAN LAB-PHYS I CS

LOFAC COIPARISON WITH ZOT. 14 RUH 538 PAGE 1

THERE WERE 6 M I -SES

THEY WERE REPS #: 26 30 45 50 73 85

OBLI(JUITY ANGLES Ili ASCENIDING ARYIER (DEG):

53 !6.0047 -2 34.0002 7 42.037:3 6- F8 .1717 6 2, 102233 9.6159 84 3 9. 42 48 45.0- 5 68473 55 8 4. 632162 .1596 74 34.6264 14 46. 1584 47 69.0710 34 :4.769972 20.5549 4 34.9964 53 4 2 69.3800 65 84 .7346

-.a 79 r-.4 21. .1936 5 35.0159 70 50.3159 28 69. 8822 79 85.8Olt474It

C 22. 5289 35. 22 44 55.5702 43 70. 0523 20 86.1371i665 23.5119 75 37.6963 1_ 55 .832 82 70.2054 27 86. 139938 26.7414 39 37.9828 33 56.7757 60 a?3_ 9 0 9 8 .224312P 27.0560 21 0066 83 58. 9966 1 72.3451 10 850281 29.3495 63 38.2096 64 60.6894 73.301i 31 ,8.527061 29.654 38 5.4V 5786 19 64 .2 40 73.4703 2' 90.30i9. .f 1.6383 7 ,_. - 15 64 .5, % 6 3 74. 2884

' .1817 80 39.0871 46 55. 56 74.658841 3.2249 67 40.6138 69 65.91 17 74.683

2 332120 264 40.8807 54 74. 7347i1 3.3470 5 0 13 67.754 77 77.0810

18 33. 6659 76 41. 9830 i 68. 02 5 7 79.6184

OBLI,-ITY MEAN 53.828 DEGs STANDARD DE IRT ON 21.6688 DEG

PERCE:IT ILES:RHNK DEVIATE0.05 20.550.10 26.740.15 31.54LI. C4

0.25 34.630.30 37.700.35 38.580.40 40.880. 45 45.830.50 55.570.55 60.690.60 65.520.65 68.170.70 59.800.75 72.350.80 74.660.85 79.62-0.90 84.780.95 86.22

2

253

LOFAC COMPARISOi WITH ZOT. 14 RUII 538 PAGE 2

FAET NO. HO. OF IMPACTS

179 4242 428,7 4

aTn146

284 2

244 1242 1

,-1

-2 1 146 1

-1421

-13 1

j-M1- 11827 1

1! 1

46 148i15 1

182 1

184 1

196 1202 112 1

21 1

245 1

248 1253 1

275 1282 1284 1

254

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RODMON LAB-PHYSICS

LOFAC CO!IPARISON WITH ZOT. 14 RUN 53-9 PCE i

THERE WERE 14 ISSES

THEY HWERE REPS # 1 7 10 12 16 24 26 4n 43 55.

- OBLIQUITY AiIGLES I N "SCEMi -W .... E: (EIEG): >

21.7469 49 37.3293 82 3 9 67.5495 48 97.,5025.9 14 37.98r A 540345 cr 58.26 3 33.0750

46 26.2595 . = 54.51 2 5 5 5 5-

31 2.3561 70 35 98 56.4575 2 m1zs= "--. C _ r 5r.645 7 C,

62 30.7309 22 39.59 59f

41 31.1806 84 41.492 2u 61.2246 LL 41.333411 31.583 34 41."88 -6 4 2205

70 3.7347 42.7555 57 C2.1679 20 . 7.134

52: 32.2416 r o 45:0645 72 62.4261 61 74.501681 32.6?64 9 47.5263 53 63.1035 7? 75.2273

38 33.238 44 43.1243 74 63.2037 6 75.7761

33.53 ' 79 t823 2 6.76~ 27 o8.t4c276 36,73278 34.118 48.9698 29 63.7227 71 2 25524

3 49365 83 51.2023 5 65.3426 2± 8t.164C

13 2 . 4 1 .0 4

bi 36.892? 32 52.9044 68 66.8083 12 86.4156

OBLIc!UJTY MEAN 54.1761 DEG, STANDRDB DEVIATIO-I 1-4169 DEC

PERCENT ILES;RANK DEViATE

C5 : A

8.05 27.820.10 31.260.15 32.590.20 34.280.25 - 3420.35 90

8.40 43.82

0.45 50.120.50 54.030.55 58.060.60 62.228.65 63.220.70 65.930.75 68.7?8.80 70.32

0.85 74.65

0.90 0.128.95 76.71

237

LOFFtC C011Ii:ci WT ~T 1RLH59PC

FACET NlO. No. OF 11-1p A CTS3.

-136 4231 4

241--23 1-1422

1322177

182

203248 2287 7296 2

-2741-137-1341

-661-651

13t 81281471641661

144117111841235'2391243240

2512752771

258

t

Iq

a..I44" ' ' ": . ' U-

I h w - to M 3* m

259

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260

RODMAN LAB-PHYSICS

LOFFIC COIPARIS.O WITH ZOT. 14 RUH 540 PAGE 1ATHERE WERE 17 M I SSES

TIHEY WERE REPS i: i 3 13 16 24 26 3 37 40 45 1: 5fl 515_9 57 64 73

OBLIO.UITY ANGLES IN ASCENDING ORDER (DEG):

1-15 12. '6. 55 41 4. .7766 3 .,4 5 4.7103 33 69.107135 15.4476 38 44.2620 56 55. 7439 12 6 9. 384869 22. 6149 70 45.9613 77 55.-8070 85 69 539561 24.7512 19 46. 7131 67 56. 3625 23 F9.754772 24. 8441 10 47. 1471 80 56, 4822 53 70.022642 .2 6.73 - 47.3.320 79 57.5195 28 71.177878 26 98.2 76 47.9065 2 58.6898 44 71.560074 28. 7992 68 48.0329 .2 59.6102 15 75. 333771 30.5430 39 49.6462 62 60.2299 31 77.224336 3 . 7Cl6 65 50. 2395 54 65. 1 .39 5 11 77 567421 34. 0419 17 50.9534 46 65.7086 18 79.343466 34.1604 43 51.8436 84 66. 7532 63 81.6638

3C.22-'3 58 51. 9795 60 66. 7559 0. 83.413025 35 .8 35 2 55 52 ._2234 27 67. 9432 49 8. 56771: 4 -A 4 7 =

4 .,6.3447 4 52.6441 68.1282 59 83 59139.6050 47 52. 9251 9 68.1345 5 90.051'

29 42.7173 83 53. 2318 32 68.2863 20 91.8563

.. LIQLITY MEAN 54.45 DEG STANDARD DEVIRTION 18.6225 BEG

PERCEHT I LES:RANK rr',EYIATE0.05 2'.580.10 26.960.15 33.-80.20 35.510.25 42.980.30 46.490.35 47.930.40 50.670.45 52.240.50 53.970.55 56.330. 60 59 .060.65 65.620.70 68.000.75 68.900.80 69.810.85 74.010.90 79.580.95 83.58

261

- - - ----

LCOFfC i:OMIPF:* i$: WITH NNT 14 5U 4L'P~E

FACETr 110. NO). OF A CTSC-136r

16134D

11821712

196 -

234 2246271

28322@: 7 2

-2711

-1351

281

451

13511461

11

841

202 1

2321

24112441C. 4 8

2531281 1.2841

262

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264

IAPPENDIX B

PROGRAM FOR PROCESSING FLIGHTSIMULATION TARGET DATA--IMPAC

Next page is blank.

265

F7

Description of IMPAC Program for EstimatingHit Probability and Distribution of Impact Obliquity

General Description

The IMPAC program is a postprocessor program which takes as inputthe results of a guidance'simulation program (ZOT.14) and a -geometricdescription of the surface of a target vehicle. It scores the outcomeof each guided flight as a hit or miss and optionally computes the impactobliquity of each miss. Statistical measures of the distributions ofguidance error (i.e., the vector from the intended impact point to thenearest point of the shot line), terminal projectile velocity and attitude,impact obliquity, and an estimate of the probability of hitting the targetare computed.

Target Description

The target is modeled by means of a set of convex quadrilateralplane figures called facets. The coordinates of each corner of a singlefacet are punched on one card. The order of thi corncrs dete~mines thesense of the outside: of the surface according to the right-hand rule:if the curled fingers of the right hand point in the sense of travel ina circuit from the first corner to the second, then to the third, to thefourth, and finally back to the first, then the thumb, cocked away fromthe hand, points outward from the surface.

Hit/Miss Scoring

The first step in scoring is to orient the target properly withrespect to the projectile. Required data are the azimuthal heading of thetarget, the azimuth and elevation of the projectile velocity, the guidanceerror vector, and the position on the target of the intended impact point.A series of translational and rotational transformations of coordinatesbrings the target int6 a frame of reference whose mutually perpendicularaxes are: (1) yaw-wise, parallel to the ground and normal to the projectilevelocity; (2) pitch-wise, normal to the velocity and to the yaw direction;and (3) depth-wise, antiparallel to the velocity. The origin is theintended impact point.

Collapsing the depth coordinate brings the target into the "impactplane," having yaw and pitch coordinates only. The guidance error vectordefines a point in this plane. Whether this point is on or off the targetis determined by a "dot-product" method of hit/miss scoring, which proceedsas follows:

First, a facet is selected. The point A, known to be inside theboundaries of the facet's projection in the impact plane, is defined byaveraging the positions of the first and third corners (see Fig B-l, below).Now, taking in turn the sides of the facet defined by corner pairs (1,2),(2,3), (3,4), and (4,1), the perpendicular vector R from point A to the side

267

I3

0B 3

2

B2

Ffie-4-I. Scoting Mtn by the Dot-product metw

is defined. Also, the perpendicular vector P from the impact point(guidance error vector) B to the side is defined. Figure 1 shows threepossible locations, B , B , and B3 , for the impact point relative to thefacet. If the dot pr~ducE R-P is positive, A and B are on the same sideof the side of the facet; if the dot product is negative, they are onopposite sides. Thus, a negative result for any of the four sides indicatesa miss for the facet. A hit requires four positive results (a zero isconsidered the same as a positive, indicating a hit directly on the edge).In Figure 1, B will thus score a hit, B2 will score as a miss on the firstside, and B wi score as a miss on the second side.

All facets may be scored in this manner. A hit on any facet is a hiton the target. All facets must be missed in order to score a miss on thetarget.

Impgact Obliquity Scoring

If the purpose of the scoring is simply to score hits and misses,it is unnecessary to continue scoring facets once a single facet isfound to be hit. For impact obliquity scoring, however, it is necessaryto continue until all facets have been scored. The list of all facetsscored as hits is -then searched and the depthwise coordinate of the facetsurface at the yaw and pitch coordinates of the impact is calculated foreach facet. The maximum depth value (nearest the projectile as it encountersthe target) identifies the facet actually struck.

268

The impact obliquity is calculated in a two-step procedure: (1) thenormal direction to the facet that was struck is defined by calculatingthe cross (vector) product of the vectors of displacement from facetcorners 1 to 2 and from 2 to 3 and then normalizing the product vector tounity modulus, and (2) the attitude of the projectile, defined by theangles of attack*, defines another unit vector, which is multiplied

(scalar or dot product) by the facet-normal vector to give the cosineof the obliquity.

Input

Input to the program consists of the geometric description of thetarget, program control parameters, the target heading and location ofthe intended impact point on the target, and finally a set of card pairs,each pair describing the outcome of a single replication of the guidancesimulation. The outcome for guided impacts is described by the missvector, velocity vector, and angles of attack. In the case of a replicationin which acquisition failed to occur, a "miss distance" of -1.0, followedby zeros for the remaining outcome data, flags the program to ignore thereplication (except for tallying type of outcome).

Output

Most of the output from the program is printed. The descriptionof the target and the control parameters are echoed and the outcome ofeach individual replication in sequence is given. A printer-plot showing,by means of printed characters, the (approximate) positions of facet cornersand impacts as seen from the average direction of approach are displayed.This enables the user, with some practice, to draw a view of the targetand impact distribution. Other plots available are a scatter plot ofterminal angles of attack (pitch and yaw) and a cumulative plot of theobliquity distribution.

A summary of statistical measures follows, including means andstandard deviations of miss distance, yaw miss error, pitch miss error,angles of attack, angles of approach, airspeed, and impact obliquity.Correlations between several of these statistics are calculated and dis-played. Finally, ordered lists of the miss distances, yaw errors, pitcherrors, and obliquities are displayed.

Supplementary output is a pair of punched cards containing theestimates of the values of obliquity corresponding to every fifth per-centile from the 5th to the 95th.

User Options

The user may process up to one hundred replications per set. A uniquecombination of target heading and designation point is required for each set.

Note that in this yaw-pitch-depth coordinates system, the velocity vectoris antiparallel to the depth axis.

269

Sets of equal numbers of replications may be processed in groups ofup to six sets. No commonality of parameters is required among sets;however, when values of one single parameter distinguish the sets of agroup, an option is supplied to fit a curve of one of the guidance accuracystatistics to the varying parameter. The statistic fitted is the "equivalentcircular-normal standard deviation," which is the standard deviation of abivariate circular normal distribution having a probability of hitting a

standard square target equal to that of the observed distribution of impacts.

Groups may be processed without limit, the only required point ofcommonality being the particular target vehicle model used.

The type of processing is controlled by a single control parameterIALPHA, having integer values 4 to 0. The interpretation of each valueis as follows:

(4) Complete analysis including all plots. Target vehicle is trans-formed into individual impact plane for every replication.

(3) Same as (4) except that target vehicle is transformed only onceinto "mean impact plane" for hit/miss scoring, in order to save computationaltime. This option works well if the range of directions of approach issmall. Adjustments to projectile attitude compensate for this approximationduring obliquity scoring.

(2) Same as (3) except omit obliquity analysis.

(1) Same as (2) except omit angle-of-attack plot.

(0) Omit angle-of-attack data and score for hit/miss only (usingmean-impact-plane method).

An example of input and output and a listing of the ]IMPAC programfollow.

270

JZI

Example of Use of IMPAC

The following example illustrates the use of the IMPAC program.Three separate guidance simulation (ZOT.14) runs of 85 replications eachare processed

The attached listing of the input deck is marked with referencesymbols for the reader's convenience.

The first card (ref. A), format (3), indicates that the target modelconsists of 66 facets. The remaining characters on the card are not readby the program but serve to identify the target specification deck to theuser.

The following 66 cards (ref. B), format (12F6.2), contain thecoordinates of the facet corners-one facet per card.

A title card (ref. C), contains whatever label information the userdesires in order to identify the fellowing group of card sets. The next

card, format (413, 8X, F10.0, lOX, 10A4) contains the information that 3sets of 85 replications are to be processed with control parameterIALPHA = 3 and no curve-fit of equivalent standard deviation (NGO = 0).(NGO = I if the curve-fit is desired). Also on this card is the informationthat the standard square target used in calculating equivalent standarddeviation is 7.5 feet and that the parameter discinguishing the 3 sets isthe designation range in kilometers, The following card, format (8FI0.0),

=contains the values of the distinguishing parameter for each set (1.0,2.0, and 4.0 kilometers, respectively).

Following the above control data are the card sets describingoutcomes of guidance simulations (refs. D, E, F). Each set begins witha single card, format (40X, 4F10.0), indicating the heading of the targetvehicle and the designation point on the vehicle. Following are pairsof cards indicating the terminal status of the projectile for each re-plication. The alphanumeric identifiers at the beginning of each of thesecards are not read by the program but are for the user's conveniences.Only the floating-point data are read.

After the last card set of the group (ref. G), the user may begina new group, starting with the control data of reference C. After thelast group, a blank card is inserted as shown at reference G before theend-of-file card.

The attached output shows the results of processing the giveninput data deck. Table B-I explains those terms used which are not self-

-explanatory. Note that the impact-plane scatter plot has been completedfor the first set, but not for the others.

271

TABLE B-3. EXPLANATION OF TERMS IN IMPAC OUTPUT

FACET CORNER COORDINATES: Fch line of output represents one facet.The four groups of three numbers represent the four corners insequence. The first coordinate of each triplet is the distancefrom the trailing edge of the vehicle forward to the corner times-1.0. The second coordinate is the height of the corner above ground =

level. The third coordinate is the distance from the centerline ofthe vehicle to the corner, measure, o the driver's left. All theabove distances are in inches.

REP: Replication number.

YAW: Lateral or sideways distance of shot line from aim point, in feet.

PITCH: "ertical" distance of shot line from aim point, in feet. Bothyaw and pitch are measured perpendicular to the velocity.

ALPHA: Angle of attack in degrees. Subscript Y or P for yaw or pitch.Positive yaw is nose left and positive p±:ch is nose up.

PHI.V: Azimuth of terminal velocity vector in degrees in ZOT coordinate

system.

THETA.V: Elevation of terminal velocity vector in degrees.

BETA: Projectile orientation angles with respect to the normal to theimpact plane used for scoring. For IALPHA = 4, BETA = ALPHIA. ForIALPHA < 4, BETA = ALPHA + a correction for the deviation of thevelecity angles from the mean velocity angles.

LMPACT PLANE PLOT: The letter 0 marks the position of one or more facetcorners. The asterisk. (*) marks the position of one impact. A digitfrom 2 to 9 marks a printer cell in which multiple impacts, asindicated, occurred. The letter X indicates 10 or more impacts ina cell. The plot is dra-n from the aspect of the mean direction ofapproach. Distances are in feet.

ANIGLES-OF-ATTACK PLOT: The same characters as above, except the letter 0,are used to indicate terminal attitudes of the projectile for eachreplication. Note that since positive yaw is nose left, the plot -ismirror-imaged. Urits are degrees.

OBLIQUITY CLUJATIVE PLOT: The plus sign (+) indicates the points of thesample distribution.

OUTCOMES: Outcomes are separated into the three categories listed. Thefraction that acquired the target is the approximate probability oftarget being In acquisition footprint, which applies only to thespecific conditions of the simulation and is not to be taken asrepresentative.

272

TABLE B-I. EXPLANATION OF TERMS IN IMPAC OUTPUT (CONT)

CORRELATIONS: YAW-PITCH is correlation between yaw and pitch coordinatesof impact points. ALPHA.Y-ALPHA.P is correlation between yaw andpitch angles of attack. ALPHA.Y-ERR.Y is correlation betweun yawangle of attack and yaw coordinate of impact point and, similarly,for pitch.

HIT PROBABILITIES: Approximate square target hit probability is fractionof impacts falling within the square of specified size centered on-he designation point and oriented in the impact plane. Derived

sauav. target hit probability is that probability predicted usingtl. means and standard deviations of yaw ard pitch impact pointsn an uncorrelated bivariate normal distribution to estimate theprobability covered by the square target. Vehicular target hitprobability is the fraction of the sample hitting the target.

EQUIVALENT CIRCULAR-NORMAL STD DEV: The standard deviation of a zero-mean circular normal distribution for which the square-target hitprobability equals the derived value discussed above.

Next page is blank.

273

_4

Listing of Example Input

Next page is blank.

275

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DISTRIBUTION LIST

Cu- NoI NDepartment of Defense

Office of the Defense Director, Research & EngineeringATTN: Assistant Director (Test Resources)Room 3D 116, The PentagonWashington, DC 20301

HQ, Department of the Army1 ATTN: DAMO-RDQ1 DAMA-CSM-CM

Washington, DC 20310

1 CommanderUS Army Materiel Development & Readiness CommandATTN: DRCPM-SA5001 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333

CommanderUS Army Armament Command

1 ATTN: DRSAR-SC1 DRSAR-EN1 DRSAR-RD2 DRSAR-SAS6 DRSAR-SAM1 DRSAR-PA1 DRSAR-AS

Rock Island, IL 61201

CommanderUS Army Test and Evaluation Command

1 ATTN: DRSTE-SY1 DRSTE-TAS1 DRSTE-ME

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

CommanderUS Army Electronics Command

1 ATTN: DRSEL-SA1 DRSEL-RD

Fort Monmouth, NJ 07703

CommanderUS Army Missile Command

1 ATTN: DRSMI-CM1 DRSMI-D1 iDRSMI-R2 DRCPM-CAWS-FO

Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809

333

DISTRIBUTION LIST (Cont)

Copy No.

CommanderUS Army Tank Automotive CommandATTN: DRSTA-S

DRSTA-R1 DRSTA-V

Warren, MI 48090

CommanderHQ, US Army Aviation Systems Command

1 ATTN: DRSAV-EDRSAV-W

1 DRSAV-D1 DRSAV-WR (COL Powers)

P. 0. Box 209, Main OfficeSt. Louis, MO 63166

CommanderRock Island ArsenalATTN: SARRI-L1SARRI-LR

1 SARRI-LPLRock Island, IL 61201

1 CommanderWatervliet ArsenalATTN: SARWV-RDWatervliet, NY 12189

CommanderPicatinny

1 ATTN: SARPA-PA1 SARPA-AD1 SARPA-ND1 SARPA-TS

Dover, NJ 07801

CommanderEdgewood Arsenal

1 ATTN: SAREA-DE-W1 SAREA-DE-N

Aberdeeui Proving Ground, MD 21010

1 Project Manager for Selected AmmunitionUS Army Materiel Development & Readiness CommandATTN: DRCPM-SA2Dover, NJ 07801

334

DISTRIBUTION LIST (Ccnt)

Copy No.

1 Project Manager for M1IOE2ATTN: DRCPM-MlIOE2Rock Island, L 61201

Project Manager for Cannon Artillery Weapons System

ATTN: DRCPM-CAWSDover, NJ 07801

1Product Manager for Advanced Attack Helicopter SystemsUS Army Aviation Systems CommandSt. Louis, MO 63166

Product Manager for AH-I Cobra Series AircraftUS Army Materiel Development & Readiness Command

P. 0. Box 209

St. Louis, M0 63166

CommanderUS Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity

1 ATTN: DRXSY-GS1 DRXSY -C1 DRXSY-T1 DRXSY-D

Aberdeen Proving Ground, RD 21005

CommanderUS Army Ballistic Re3earcS- Labo'atorics

1 ATTN: DRXBR-ED

1 DRSBR-TB1 DRXBR-VL

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 2100'

1 CommanderArmy Ordnance Cenvr & SchoolATTNi ATSL-CTD-MFAberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

1 CommanderHuman Engineering LaboratoriesATTN: DRXHE-SPAberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

1 CommanderUS Army Aberdeen Research & Development CenterATTN: STEAP-TLAberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005

335


Copy No.

1 CommanderUS Army Armor SchoolFort Knox, KY 40121

1 CommandantUS Army Field Artillery SchoolFort Sill, OK 73503

CommandantUS Army Infantry SchoolFort Benning, GA 31905

1 CommanderUs Army Missile & Munitions Center & SchoolRedstone Arsenal, AL 35809

1 CommanderModern Army Selected System Test, Evaluation & ReviewFort Hood, TX 76544

1 CommanderUS Army Combat Developments Experimentation CommandFort Ord, CA 93941

1 CommanderUS Army TRADOC Systems Analysis ActivityWhite Sands Missile RangeWhite Sands, NM 88002

1 CommanderHarry Diamond LaboratoriesATTN: AMXDO-PPWashington, DC 24038

1 DirectorAdvanced Research Projects Agency1400 Wilson BoulevardArlington, VA 22209

1 CommanderUS Army Concepts Analysis Agency8120 Woodmont AvenueBethesda, MD 20014

1 CommanderCombat Systems GroupATTN: CDMSD-MFort Leavenworth, KS 66027

336


Copy No.

1 CommanderUSA Combined Arms Combat Developments ActivityATTN: ATCACCFort Leavenworth, KS 66027

CommanderDefense Logistics Studies Information ExchangeFort Lee, VA 23801

CommanderUS Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Center

1 ATTN: STSFB-B1 STSFB-ZN

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060

CommanderUS Army Armor Training CenterATTN: AMSTB-CO-MMFort Know, KY 40121

1 CommanderUS Naval Weapons LaboratoryCode GS, Mr. GodiusDahlgren, VA 22448

Chief, Naval Operations1 ATTN: OP 961 OP 982F

Washington, DC 00350

1 CommanderNaval Weapons CenterCode 4072Mr. E. BreitensteinChina Lake, CA 93555

1 CommanderUS Army White Sands Missile RangeATTN: STEWS-TE-MDWhite Sands Missile Range, NM 88002

1 Chief, Naval MaterielATTN: MAT 0362Washington, DC 20360

1 DirectorUS Marine Corps Development and Education CenterQuantico, VA 22134

337

DISTRIBUTION LIST (Cont)Copy No.

i

12 0efense Documentation CenterCameron StationAlexandria, VA 22314

I

-= 338

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