Disaster Mitigation and Risk Management in the Framework of Climate Change:

PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN EARLY WARNING AND DISASTER MITIGATION

Regional Conference on Strengthening Decentralization and Local Governance in ASEAN Countries through a Multi-Stakeholder Approach

34d-4th May 2012, Phom PengCAMBODIA

By :

Basilio Dias AraujoHead of Division for International Financial Institutions and International

Organizations, Ministry of Home Affairs of Indonesia

The livelihoods and wellbeing of the poor in rural Asia are already vulnerable to climate change variability because of a high dependency on natural resources and high exposure to

climate change impacts and hazards such as floods, droughts, landslides, famines, and epidemics. In the absence of significant mitigation and adaptation measures, human-induced climate change is expected to multiply these risks

and undermine development goals.

World Bank 2010 as quoted by Dr. Andreas Schid in his paper: Sustainable Rural Developemtn and Climate Change in Asia-Pacific Region, published in Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Lessons and Concerns for CIRDAP Member Countries, 2010.

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION:

GENERAL INFORMATION ON DISASTER IN INDONESIA

WHO DOES WHAT AND HOW FAR

WHY SO MANY PEOPLE DO SO MANY GOOD THINGS

EXCEPT THE IMPORTANT ONES

WHAT SMALL THINGS CAN UCLG PIONEER

GENERAL INFO ON DISASTER IN INDONESIA

Indonesia Disaster Prone-Index Map 2010 -2011

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

Disaster Incidents in the last decade (2000-2010)

GENRAL INFO ON DISASTER IN INDONESIA

Source : DIBI-BNPB. Available at: http://dibi.bnpb.go.id

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Since 2004, the GOI and the Indonesian public have recognized the need to address disasters differently - through DRR in development :

UN Hyogo Framework for Action on DRR (HFA-DRR) has been formally adopted by the GOI

National Legislation on Disaster Management (Law No.24/2007) and ancillary regulations enacted emphasizing the reform :

o From relief response to risk reduction

o From Centralistic to Decentralized approach

o From Exclusive to Inclusive (engaging multi-stakeholders)

Establishment of Disaster Management Agencies : National , 33 provinces and 340 of 494 districts (69%)

GOI has made DRR a national development priority on National Mid-Term development Plan 2010-2014

Increased resource allocation for DRR through national development budget (almost double from 2010 to 2011)

Indonesian President received the DRR global champion award by UNSG in 2011

GENERAL INFO ON DISASTER IN INDONESIA

UN CONVENTIONS

Resolution No. 2034(XX) of the United Nations General Assembly of 7 December 1965: Every State must «establish an appropriate instrument for planning and implementation which is best adapted to its specific situation with a view to defining the scope and nature of the assistance needed and centralising the management of rescue operations».

Resolution 43/131 of the United nations General Assembly of 8 December 1988 : «It is up to each State first and foremost to take care of the victims of natural disasters and similar emergency situations occurring on its territory».

INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES

HANDLING DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC)

UN OFFICE FOR DRR:UN INTERNATIONAL

STRATEGY FOR DISASTER

REDUCTION (UNISDR)

INTERNATIONALCIVIL DEFENCE ORGANIZATION

(ICDO)

WHO DOES WHAT IN TIMES OF

DISASTERUNDP: BUREAU FOR CRISIS PREVENTION AND RECOVERY

THE MISSION OF ICRC

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect

the lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence and to provide them with assistance.

HANDLES MAN-MADE DISASTERS : WAR AND VIOLENCE

UNDP : BUREAU FOR CRISIS PREVENTION AND RECOVERY IN INDONESIA

Assisting in the implementation of the landmark Disaster Management Bill

Strengthening the capacity of local governments to reduce the impact of disasters, manage disaster hazards, and integrate disaster risk reduction into development planning and budgeting

Building the institutional environment required to provide the scientific, economic, engineering and technical analysis and inputs needed by development decision-makers to make disaster risk reduction a normal part of development policy making.

Supporting the development of education and public awareness programmes to create a culture of safety and disaster preparedness at the community level.

Funding a range of practical demonstration projects to show how disaster risks can be reduced at local and community levels.

UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR

DISASTER REDUCTION(UNISDR)

(Created in 2008)

Monitor and Report on the implementation of Hyogo Framework of

Action(2005-2015)

Carry out coordination,

campaign, advocate and inform

THE UN OFFICE FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

WHAT UNISDR HAS DONE

UNISDR has facilitated the creation of 38 National Disaster Data Bases around the world as part of its on-going global effort to lead and convince governments and the private sector to invest in risk reduction and avoid recurrent disaster losses which waste development resources.

It has also mobilised over 900 cities and local governments to take part in the World Disaster Risk Reduction Campaign, Making Cities Resilient: My City is Getting Ready!

In early 2011, UNISDR supported the initiative by the President of the UN General Assembly to organize the first thematic debate on disaster risk reduction ever held in the UN General Assembly.

The Ten Essentials for Making Cities Resilient1. Put in place organisation and coordination to understand and reduce disaster risk, based on

participation of citizen groups and civil society. Build local alliances. Ensure that all departments understand their role in disaster risk reduction and preparedness.

2. Assign a budget for disaster risk reduction and provide incentives for home owners, low‐incomefamilies, communities, businesses and the public sector to invest in reducing the risks they face.

3. Maintain up‐to‐date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk assessments and use these as the basis for urban development plans and decisions. Ensure that this information and the plans for your city’s resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with them.

4. Invest in and maintain critical infrastructure that reduces risk, such as flood drainage, adjusted where needed to cope with climate change.

5. Assess the safety of all schools and health facilities and upgrade these as necessary.

6. Apply and enforce realistic, risk‐compliant building regulations and land use planning principles. Identify safe land for low‐income citizens and upgrade informal settlements, wherever feasible.

7. Ensure that education programmes and training on disaster risk reduction are in place in schools and local communities.

8. Protect ecosystems and natural buffers to mitigate floods, storm surges and other hazards to which your city may be vulnerable. Adapt to climate change by building on good risk reduction practices.

9. Install early warning systems and emergency management capacities in your city and hold regular public preparedness drills.

10. After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the affected population are placed at the centre of reconstruction, with support for them and their community organisations to design and help implement responses, including rebuilding homes and livelihoods.

How will UNISDR support cities and local governments during the Campaign

As the coordinator of the Campaign, UNISDR will facilitate regional and global partnerships in support of local governments participating in the campaign to:

-Advocate for increased capacities and resources from national governments and other sources for cities and local governments to deal with disaster risk and for making cities resilient (by organizing policy dialogues, workshops and other Resilient Cities-related events at global and regional level).

-Promote city-to-city learning and exchanges among cities and local governments in the campaign, matching partners and local governments offers and continuing to encourage cities to sign up to the campaign.

-Support development of training for local governments on urban risk and resilience in collaboration with training centres and academia, in order to provide capacity development and learning opportunities for cities and local governments in each region.-Provide a tool-kit for making cities resilient containing: the Handbook for Local Government Leaders, the Local Government Self Assessment Tool, campaign-website for sharing of tools and experiences, standard-setting papers and guidance notes for making cities resilient.- Conduct media events, provide communication tools and a produce a Making Cities Resilient Report.- Give out the UN-Sasakawa Award for Disaster Risk Reduction 2010-2011, 2012-2013, 2014-2015, and promote new awards for resilient cities with partners

All participating entities, groups and cities are encouraged to:

Nominate and engage with participating local governments to exchange expertise and good practices.

Nominate innovative and good urban risk reduction practice and experience as a candidate for the UN-Sasakawa Award on Disaster Reduction.

Undertake public activities such as local media outreach, drawing contests, public preparedness drills or exercises, public hearings on risk assessments or other disaster resilient initiatives, during the annual International Disaster Risk Reduction Day, 13 October each year, or during any other national disaster prevention awareness day designated in commemoration of major disasters.

Report activities back to UNISDR and make sure your achievements are recorded in the national reporting process of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action.

THE ROLE OF CITIES IN HANDLING DISASTERS: Making Cities Resilient: My City is Getting Ready

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL DEFENCE ORGANIZATION

Article 61 (a): " civil defence " means the p erformance of some or all of the undermentioned humanitarian tasks intended to protect the civilian population against the dangers, and to help it to recover from the immediate effects, of hostilities or disasters and also to provide the conditions necessary for its survival.

These tasks are: (i) warning; (ii) evacuation; (iii) management of shelters; (iv) management of blackout measures; (v) rescue; (vi) medical services, including first aid, and religious assistance; (vii) fire-fighting; (viii) detection and marking of danger areas; (ix) decontamination and similar protective measures; (x) provision of emergency accommodation and supplies; (xi) emergency assistance in the restoration and maintenance of order in distressed areas; (xii) emergency repair of indispensable public utilities; (xiii) emergency disposal of the dead; (xiv) assistance in the preservation of objects essential for survival; (xv) complementary activities necessary to carry out any of the tasks mentioned above, including, but not limited to, planning and organisation. “ *)

*) Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977

ICDO MEMBERSSTATE MEMBERS:

1) Algeria2) Armenia3) Azerbaijan4) Bahrain5) Benin6) Bosnia

Herzegovina7) Burkina Faso8) Burundi9) Cameroon10) Central

African Republic

11) Chad12) China13) Congo

14) Cote D’Ivoire15) Cyprus16) Democratic

Republic of the Congo

17) Egypt18) El Savador19) Gabon20)Georgia21) Ghana22) Guinea23) Guinea Bissau24)Haiti25) Iraq26)Jordan27) Kazakhstan

28)Kyrgyz Republic29)Lebanon30)Lesotho31) Liberia32) Libya33) Malaysia34) Mali35) Mauritania36)Mongolia37) Morocco38) Niger39)Nigeria40)Oman41) Pakistan42)Qatar

43) Republic of Moldova

44)Russian Federation

45) Saudi Arabia46)Senegal47)Sudan48)Syrian Arab

Republic49)Tunisia50)United Arab

Emirates51) Yemen

ICDO MEMBERS

OBSERVER STATE MEMBERS:

1) Chile2) France3) Malta4) Mauritius5) Monaco6) Nicaragua7) Palestine8) Portugal9) Republic of Korea10) Rwanda

11) Slovakia12) South Africa13) Switzerland14) Ukraine15) Zimbabwe16) Serbia

ICDO MEMBERSAFFILIATED MEMBERS:

1) Council of Arab Interior Ministers (C.A.I.M)

2) Naif Arab University for Security Sciences (NAUSS)

3) Disaster Management Training Center, Jordan

4) Organization on Environment Protection, Gabon

5) French National Union of CivilProtection, France

6) National Council on Civil Protection, France

7) Search and Rescue, France8) Mahafiz-E-Watan, Pakistan9) Institute of Civil Protection and

Emergency Management (ICPEM)10) Swiss Federation of Civil Protection,

Switzerland

11) Scientific and Production Center Rescue Equipment, Russia

12) World Agency of Planetary Monitoring and Earthquake Risk Reduction (WAPMERR)

13) International Institute of Security and Safety Management (IISSM), India

14) AL-TAQADOM for General Safety & Rescue Devices L.C.C., Jordan

15) Strategie International pour la Protection des Populations, France

16) Saudi Factory Fire Equipment Co. SFFECO, Saudi Arabia

17) L’Association Nationale d’Experts Professionnels en Protection Civile et Situations d’Urgences, Espagne

SYMBOLS OF ........ IN THE WORLD

GERMANY

JORDANIA

UK

FRANCE

PORTUGAL

INDONESIA – Civil Protection

INDONESIA- BNPB

FORMER JUGUSLAVIA

SINGAPORE

I C D O

Singapore: Five aspects of Total Defence

The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), including its citizen soldiers form the

"Military Defence" component.[1] Their mission is to "enhance Singapore's peace and security through deterrence and diplomacy, and should these fail, to secure a swift and decisive victory over the aggressor". As part of the mission, the SAF strives to maintain a high state of operational readiness 24/7.

"Civil Defence" is about ensuring Singaporeans know what to do in times of an emergency. The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) supports this aspect of Total Defence. However, if Singapore encounters a nation-wide emergency (e.g.: terrorism act or war), the SCDF will not be able to cope with the demands of the situation. Hence, it is crucial to rope in Singaporeans to help their fellow Singaporeans. To facilitate this, the SCDF recruits and trains civil defence volunteers in first aid, rescue and evacuation procedures, and shelter management.

"Economic Defence" is defined as maintaining the economy of the country and its ability to compete in the world, as well as environmental protection.[1] It also involves helping Singapore (and Singaporeans) stay relevant in the global economy and putting in place economic systems to ensure that the Singapore economy does not collapse in times of crisis.

"Social Defence" is about keeping the social fabric strong and ensuring that Singaporeans live in harmony regardless of race or religion.[1] This is especially important because Singapore is a multi-racial and multi-religious society.

"Psychological Defence" is about loyalty, commitment to Singapore, and having the will power and resilience to overcome challenges.[1]. This is the component that would determine if Singaporeans will stay to fight or abandon the country when it is in trouble.

ESPERIENCE OF SINGAPORE

Singapore Civil Defence Role in Publik Warning

On the occasion of Total Defence Day, at 1205 hours, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) will sound the Important Message Signal through the island-wide Public Warning System (PWS) sirens. Simultaneously at 1205 hours, 10 local radio stations will sound the important message signal and explain to the listeners on the appropriate measures to be taken for the three different types of PWS signals. After the sounding, schools will read out a Civil Defence message in which students were reminded of the significance of the PWS signals and appropriate measures.

SMALL THINGS UCLG CAN PIONEER

Twinning for disaster risk reduction

From left: Chief Minister of Melaka State Government, Y.A.B. Datuk Seri Hj. Mohd. Ali bin Mohd. Rustam, and Mayor of Melaka, Datuk Yusof Bin HajJantan during the opening of the 12th International convention of Melaka Twin Cities

BANGKOK, 10 April 2012 - Threatened by increasing and lethal seasonal floods, the 500-year old Malaysian port city of Melaka is making considerable efforts to reduce the disaster risks that it currently faces from such climate related catastrophic events.

UCLG MEMBERS

ICDO MEMBERS

MARCH TOWARD BUILDING A COMMON FRAMEWORK

ON PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN EARLY

WORNING AND MOBILIZATION TO REDUCE

THE ESCALATION OF DISASTER IMPACTS

EU

ASEAN

UNDP/UNISDR

ICRC

SUGESTION

THANK YOUR

UN Secretary-General honours Indonesian President as first global champion of disaster risk reduction

BALI/GENEVA, 18 November 2011 – The United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, officially recognised the appointment of the Indonesian President, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, as the first UNISDR global champion of disaster risk reduction at the 19th ASEAN summit in Bali on 19 November 2011.