Crop improvement and recommended varieties of major pulses

Crop Improvement and Recommended Varieties of

Major Pulses In Myanmar

Tun Shwe, Aung May Than and John Ba Maw

Food Legume SectionDepartment of Agricultural Research, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw

1. Humid Temperate Zone

-Rice Based Dalta and Costal areas (50%)

2.Uneven Rain Distributed Zone

-Semi-arid Tropics of Central Myanmar

(44%)

3. Heavily Rain Distributed Zone

- Shan State (6%)

Pulses Growing Zones in MyanmarPulses Growing Zones in MyanmarPulses Growing Zones in Myanmar

Mandate Pulses Crops

Greengram

Blackgram

Chickpea Cowpea Soybean

Pigeonpea

Blackgram, 2.5 M acres(23%)

Soybean, 0.42 M acres(4%)

Greengram, 2.6 M acres( 25%)

Cowpea, 0.38 M acres( 4%)

Pigeonpea,1.52 M acres(14%)

Others, 2.5 M acres(23%)

chickpea, 0.8 M acres (7%)

Major Pulses In Myanmar

Crop Improvement Procedures

Introduction Hybridization Mutation

Varieties with Desirable Traits for Targeted Locations

Introduction

Hybridization

Mutation Achieving Resistance to Abiotic Stress

(selection with desirable trait)

Achieving Resistance to Biotic Stress

(incorporating desirable trait followed by selection generation to generation)

Achieving locally adapted Varieties

(selection based procedure)

Objectives for Crop Improvement

Lines or Varieties Introduced from abroad

1st Year Observation Nursery

2nd Year Prelinminary Yield Trial (PYT)

3rd Year Advanced Yield Trial (AYT)

4th to 6th Year Regional Yield Trial (RYT)

7th Year On-farm Varietal Selection Trial

8th Year Technical Sub-committee Seed Multiplication

National Seed Committee

9th Year Seed Distribution of Released Varieties

IntroductionIntroduction

Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Procedure (GreengramGreengram))

ReleasedVariety

OriginalVariety

DesirableTrait

SuitableSeason

Source

Yezin-5 V 3726Synchronized pod development

MonsoonPost-monsoon

AVRDC

Yezin-7 VC 5205A Larged- seeded

MonsoonPost-monsoon

AVRDC

Yezin-9 VC1973A High-yieldingMonsoon

Post-monsoonAVRDC

Yezin-11 NM 94 Resistance to YMV

Pre-monsoonMonsoon

Post-monsoonAVRDC

Days to Maturity -

65-70

Yield(bsk/acre) -

18-20

100-seed weight(g) -

6.3

Seed color -

Green

Hilum -

White

Sprout Quality -

No Purple Stain

Protein Content% -

25.3

YezinYezin PePe titi seinsein--55

Days to Maturity -

65-70

Yield(bsk/acre) -

18-20


6.8

Seed color -

Green

Hilum -

White

Sprout Quality -

No Purple Stain

Protein Content% -

25.3

YezinYezin PePe didi seinsein--77

Days to Maturity -

65-70

Yield(bsk/acre) -

20-25


6.5

Seed color -

Green

Hilum -

White

Sprout Quality -

No Purple Stain

Protein Content% -

22.2

YezinYezin PePe titi seinsein--99

Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Blackgram)Procedure (Blackgram)

ReleasedVariety

OriginalVariety

DesirableTrait

Source

Yezin-2 P-45-1 High Yield India

Yezin-3 P-11-30 High Yield Magway

Yezin-5 P-69-354 High Yield Magway

Yezin-6 LBG-17 High Yield, bold-seed, shining seed coat color India

YezinYezin MatpeMatpe--55

Days to Maturity -

100 – 110

Yield (bsk/acre) -

25-28

100-seed weight (g) -

6.2

Seed color -

Black

Hilum -

Yellowish

White

Protein Content% -

26.07

ReleasedVariety

OriginalVariety

DesirableTrait

Source

Yezin-6 (Desi) ICCV-92944 High YieldICRISAT

(India)

Yezin-8 (Kabuli) CA-03-35 High YieldICRISAT

(India)

Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Chickpea)Procedure (Chickpea)

YezinYezin ChickpeaChickpea--8 8

Days to Maturity -

80-85

Yield(bsk/acre) -

20-22


38.6

Seed color -

White

Protein Content% -

14.9

ReleasedVariety

OriginalVariety

DesirableTrait

Source

Yezin-7 ICPB-2043 High Yield, Export Quality

ICRISAT(India)

Yezin Hybrid-2 ICPB-2740 High Yield, Export Quality

ICRISAT(India)

Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Procedure (PigeonpeaPigeonpea))

Days to Maturity -

180 – 200

Yield (bsk/acre) -

20-22


13.7

Seed color -

Reddish Brown

Hilum -

White

Protein content% -

19.05

YezinYezin PigeonpeaPigeonpea--77

Days to Maturity -

180 – 200

Yield (bsk/acre) -

20-22


13.7

Seed color -

Red

Hilum -

White

Protein content% -

19.05

YezinYezin Hybrid Hybrid PigeonpeaPigeonpea--22

YezinYezin PigeonpeaPigeonpea--88

Days to Maturity - 200-220

Yield(bsk/acre) - 15 - 20

100-seedwt(g) - 14.5

Seed color - Reddish

Yellow

Hilum - White

Protein content% - 19.2

ReleasedVariety

OriginalVariety

DesirableTrait

Source

Yezin-6 GM-9 Highly Protein Content American

Yezin-11 MJ-9518-2 Highly Oil Content Thailand

Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Soybean)Procedure (Soybean)

Days to Maturity -

100-105

Yield (bsk/acre) -

25-30


15.0

Seed color -

Yellow

Hilum -

Black

Protein content% -

38.6

Oil content % - 16.7

YezinYezin SoybeanSoybean--66

Days to Maturity -

110-115

Yield (bsk/acre) -

27-30


14.0

Seed color -

Yellow

Hilum -

Brown

Protein content% -

34.8

Oil content % - 21.9

YezinYezin SoybeanSoybean--1111

ReleasedVariety

OriginalVariety

DesirableTrait

Source

Sin Pe Lun Phyu-2 VU-02-5 Black-eyed,High Yield Nigeria

Sin Pe Lun Phyu-3VU-02-3 Black-eyed,High

Yield Nigeria

Sin Pe Lun Phyu-5VU-02-6 Black-eyed,High

Yield Nigeria

Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Cowpea)Procedure (Cowpea)

Sin Sin PePe LunLun PhyuPhyu--22

Days to Maturity -

70-75

Yield(bsk/acre) -

19-25

100-seedwt(g) -

22.7

Seed color -

White

Hilum -

Black

Protein content% -

23.2


Days to Maturity -

70-75

Yield(bsk/acre) -

17 - 22

100-seedwt(g) -

24.5

Seed color -

White

Hilum -

Black

Protein content% -

23.6

Days to Maturity -

65-70

Yield(bsk/acre) -

15-20

100-seedwt(g) -

21.2

Seed color -

White

Hilum -

Black

Protein content% -

26.0


1st Year Female Parent x Male Parent

2nd Year F1 (1st Generation)

3rd Year F2 (2nd Generation)

4th Year F3 (3rd Generation)

5th Year F4 (4th Generation)



8th Year Prelinminary Yield Trial (PYT)

9th Year Advanced Yield Trial (AYT)

10th to 12th Year Regional Yield Trial (RYT)


14th Year Technical Seed Committee Seed Multiplication


15th Year Seed Distribution of Released Varieties

HybridizationHybridizationProcedureProcedure

ReleasedVariety

CrossDesirable

TraitTestingPeriod

ShwenilonegyiYezin-4 x ICC16145

(ZCHL-2014)

High Yield, Bold- seeded,

Resistance to wilt 2000-2009

Recommended Varieties Released By Hybridization Procedure Recommended Varieties Released By Hybridization Procedure (Chickpea)(Chickpea)

Days to Maturity -

95 – 100

Yield (bsk/acre) -

25-30


41.5

Seed color -

YellowishRed

Protein content% -

18.2

ShweShwe nini lone lone gyigyi

VarietyCross

DesirableTrait

Season

Yezin Petisein-14(YM-03-2-2)

Yezin-9 x VC-6379-

20-21

Resistance to Yellow Mosaic Virus & CLS

Pre-monsoon, Monsoon and Post-monsoon

Recommended Varieties Released By Hybridization Procedure Recommended Varieties Released By Hybridization Procedure ((GreengramGreengram))

Days to Maturity -

60-65

Yield(bsk/acre) -

22-25

100-seedwt(g) -

6.4

Seed color -

GreenishYellow

Hilum -

White

Sprout Quality -

No PurpleStain

YezinYezin PetiseinPetisein--1414

Variety To be modified Induced gamma ray

1st Year M1(1st Generation) Bulk Selection

2nd Year M2(2ndGeneration)Single Plant Selection

3rd Year M3 (3rd Generation)

4th Year M4(4th Generation) Line Selection

5th Year Prelinminary Yield Trial (PYT)

6th Year Advanced Yield Trial (AYT)

7th Year Regional Yield Trial (RYT)


9th Year Technical Sub-committee Seed Multiplication


Seed Distribution of Released Varieties

MutationMutationProcedureProcedure

ReleasedVariety

InducedMutation

DesirableTrait

Remarks

Pa le TunYezin Matpe-2

Radiated by Gamma Ray

High Yield, Bold- seeded

Highly farmers’

preference

Yezin Matpe Mutant

Yezin-4Radiated byGamma Ray

Photo-insensitiveCould be grown in

rainy season

Recommended Varieties Released By Mutation Procedure Recommended Varieties Released By Mutation Procedure ((BlackgramBlackgram))

Days to Maturity -

110 – 120

Yield (bsk/acre) -

20-25


7.0

Seed color -

Black

Hilum -

White

Protein content% -

18.22

Pa leTun

Existing Recommended Varieties of Major Pulses Crops

State/Division Sown Acre(000)

Yield/acre(bsk)

RecommendedVarieties

Sagaing 513 16.216.2 Yezin-6,Yezin-11

Magway 673673 12.8 Yezin-6,Yezin-11Mandalay 350 11.4 Yezin-6,Yezin-4Yangon 354 15.4 Yezin-1,Yezin-9

Bago(East) 365 16.916.9 Yezin-1(Petishwewa)

Ayeyawaddy 285 14.1 Yezin-1(Petishwewa)

Sown acres, Yield per acre of Sown acres, Yield per acre of GreengramGreengram cropcrop

Source: MAS,2009

Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Blackgram Growing AreasBlackgram Growing Areas

State/Division

SownAcre(000)

Yield/acre(bsk) Recommended

Varieties

Sagaing 159.2 18.1 Yeizn-5, Yezin-6

Bago(East) 514.5 19.5 Yezin-2, PaleTun

Bago(West) 515.5 18.0 Yezin-2, PaleTun

Ayeyawaddy 1120.31120.3 17.917.9 Yezin-2, PaleTun

Mandalay 68.6 16.3 Yezin-5, Yezin-6

Source: MAS,2009

State/Division

SownAcre(000)


Varieties

Sagaing 514514 18.118.1 Yezin-7, YezinHybrid -2

Mandalay 472 16.6Yezin-7,

YezinHybrid -2

Magway 428 12.9 Yezin-7, Thahtaykan

Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major PigeonpeaPigeonpea Growing AreasGrowing Areas

State/Division

SownAcre(000)


Varieties

Sagaing 362 18.1 Yezin-4, Yezin-8

Magway 172 16.6 Shenilonegyi, Yezin-6

Mandalay 149 12.9 Shwenilognegyi, Yezin-6

Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Chickpea Growing AreasChickpea Growing Areas

Source: MAS,2009

State/Division

SownAcre(000)


Varieties

Ayeyawaddy 8.7 18.1 Sinpelunphyu-2

Sagaing 5.3 17.0 Sinpelunphyu-2

Magway 9.5 14.4 Sinpelunphyu-2

Bago(East) 2.3 17.2 Sinpelunphyu-2

Bago(West) 3.7 16.4 Sinpelunphyu-2

Mon 2.3 16.0 Sinpelunphyu-2

Kayin 1.2 13.5 Sinpelunphyu-2

Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Cowpea Growing AreasCowpea Growing Areas

Source: MAS,2009

State/Division

SownAcre(000)


Varieties

Shan (North) 5.0 22.5 Yezin-6, Yezin-11

Shan (South) 6.5 18.4 Yezin-6, Yezin-11

Shan(East) 3.4 16.5 Yezin-6, Yezin-11

Bago(West) 3.8 19.4 Yezin-6, Yezin-11

Ayeyawaddy 4.3 26.5 Yezin-6, Yezin-11

Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Soybean Growing AreasSoybean Growing Areas

Days to Maturity -

70-75

Yield(bsk/acre) -

18-20


6.5

Seed color -

Yellowish Green

Hilum -

White

Sprout Quality -

No Purple Stain

Protein Content% -

25.4

YezinYezin PePe titi seinsein--11 ((PePe didi shweshwe warwar))

Location, Existing varieties and Export Potential

Crop LocationSown Area(000)

Existing Variety Potential for Export Quality

Greengram

Sagaing Local, Yezin-6, Yezin-11Yezin-5, Yezin-9 & Yezin-14

Mandalay Local, Yezin-6, Yezin-4 Yezin-5, Yezin-9 & Yezin-14Yangon Yezin-1(Petishwewar) Yezin-7 & Yezin-9

Bago(East)Ayeyarwaddy

Yezin-1(Petishwewar)Yezin-1(Petishwewar)

Yezin-7 & Yezin-9Yezin-7 & Yezin-9

Blackgram

Ayeyarwaddy Yezin-3, Hinthadalonegyi

Pa le Tun

Bago(East) Yezin Matpe-2 & 3 Pa le Tun

Bago(West) Yezin Matpe-2 & 3 Pa le Tun

Sagaing Yezin Matpe-2 Yezin Matpe-5 & 6

Location, Existing varieties and Export Potential

Crop LocationSown Area(000)

Existing Variety Potential for Export Quality

Pigeonpea Sagaing Monywashwedinga Yezin-7, Hybrid Pigeonpea-2

Mandalay Local Yezin-8

Chickpea Sagaing Yezin Chickpea-3 Yezin Chickpea-8

Magway Yezin Chickpea-4Local

Shwenilonegyi,Yezin-6

Mandalay Yezin Chickpea-4Local

Shwenilonegyi,Yezin-6

Cowpea Ayeyarwaddy Local Sin Pe lun Phyu-2, 3 &5

Sagaing Local Sin Pe lun Phyu-2, 3 &5

SoybeanSoybean Shan(NorthShan(North)) LocalLocal YezinYezin SoybeanSoybean--6 & 116 & 11

AyeyarwaddyAyeyarwaddy LocalLocal YezinYezin SoybeanSoybean--6 & 116 & 11

Boosting Pulses Crops Production

• Establishment of seed production & distribution system is utmost and foremost taskTo build village seed banks alike societies achieving adequate quality seeds to farmers

• Development of Relevant seed production guide changing with the climate To facilitate farmers’ knowledge and methodologies practicingin abiotic stresses like drought, heat, cold and biotic stresses.

Crop improvement and recommended varieties of major pulses

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