Crop Improvement and Recommended Varieties of
Major Pulses In Myanmar
Tun Shwe, Aung May Than and John Ba Maw
Food Legume SectionDepartment of Agricultural Research, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw
1. Humid Temperate Zone
-Rice Based Dalta and Costal areas (50%)
2.Uneven Rain Distributed Zone
-Semi-arid Tropics of Central Myanmar
(44%)
3. Heavily Rain Distributed Zone
- Shan State (6%)
Pulses Growing Zones in MyanmarPulses Growing Zones in MyanmarPulses Growing Zones in Myanmar
Blackgram, 2.5 M acres(23%)
Soybean, 0.42 M acres(4%)
Greengram, 2.6 M acres( 25%)
Cowpea, 0.38 M acres( 4%)
Pigeonpea,1.52 M acres(14%)
Others, 2.5 M acres(23%)
chickpea, 0.8 M acres (7%)
Major Pulses In Myanmar
Crop Improvement Procedures
Introduction Hybridization Mutation
Varieties with Desirable Traits for Targeted Locations
Introduction
Hybridization
Mutation Achieving Resistance to Abiotic Stress
(selection with desirable trait)
Achieving Resistance to Biotic Stress
(incorporating desirable trait followed by selection generation to generation)
Achieving locally adapted Varieties
(selection based procedure)
Objectives for Crop Improvement
Lines or Varieties Introduced from abroad
1st Year Observation Nursery
2nd Year Prelinminary Yield Trial (PYT)
3rd Year Advanced Yield Trial (AYT)
4th to 6th Year Regional Yield Trial (RYT)
7th Year On-farm Varietal Selection Trial
8th Year Technical Sub-committee Seed Multiplication
National Seed Committee
9th Year Seed Distribution of Released Varieties
IntroductionIntroduction
Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Procedure (GreengramGreengram))
ReleasedVariety
OriginalVariety
DesirableTrait
SuitableSeason
Source
Yezin-5 V 3726Synchronized pod development
MonsoonPost-monsoon
AVRDC
Yezin-7 VC 5205A Larged- seeded
MonsoonPost-monsoon
AVRDC
Yezin-9 VC1973A High-yieldingMonsoon
Post-monsoonAVRDC
Yezin-11 NM 94 Resistance to YMV
Pre-monsoonMonsoon
Post-monsoonAVRDC
Days to Maturity -
65-70
Yield(bsk/acre) -
18-20
100-seed weight(g) -
6.3
Seed color -
Green
Hilum -
White
Sprout Quality -
No Purple Stain
Protein Content% -
25.3
YezinYezin PePe titi seinsein--55
Days to Maturity -
65-70
Yield(bsk/acre) -
18-20
100-seed weight(g) -
6.8
Seed color -
Green
Hilum -
White
Sprout Quality -
No Purple Stain
Protein Content% -
25.3
YezinYezin PePe didi seinsein--77
Days to Maturity -
65-70
Yield(bsk/acre) -
20-25
100-seed weight(g) -
6.5
Seed color -
Green
Hilum -
White
Sprout Quality -
No Purple Stain
Protein Content% -
22.2
YezinYezin PePe titi seinsein--99
Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Blackgram)Procedure (Blackgram)
ReleasedVariety
OriginalVariety
DesirableTrait
Source
Yezin-2 P-45-1 High Yield India
Yezin-3 P-11-30 High Yield Magway
Yezin-5 P-69-354 High Yield Magway
Yezin-6 LBG-17 High Yield, bold-seed, shining seed coat color India
YezinYezin MatpeMatpe--55
Days to Maturity -
100 – 110
Yield (bsk/acre) -
25-28
100-seed weight (g) -
6.2
Seed color -
Black
Hilum -
Yellowish
White
Protein Content% -
26.07
ReleasedVariety
OriginalVariety
DesirableTrait
Source
Yezin-6 (Desi) ICCV-92944 High YieldICRISAT
(India)
Yezin-8 (Kabuli) CA-03-35 High YieldICRISAT
(India)
Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Chickpea)Procedure (Chickpea)
YezinYezin ChickpeaChickpea--8 8
Days to Maturity -
80-85
Yield(bsk/acre) -
20-22
100-seed weight(g) -
38.6
Seed color -
White
Protein Content% -
14.9
ReleasedVariety
OriginalVariety
DesirableTrait
Source
Yezin-7 ICPB-2043 High Yield, Export Quality
ICRISAT(India)
Yezin Hybrid-2 ICPB-2740 High Yield, Export Quality
ICRISAT(India)
Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Procedure (PigeonpeaPigeonpea))
Days to Maturity -
180 – 200
Yield (bsk/acre) -
20-22
100-seed weight (g) -
13.7
Seed color -
Reddish Brown
Hilum -
White
Protein content% -
19.05
YezinYezin PigeonpeaPigeonpea--77
Days to Maturity -
180 – 200
Yield (bsk/acre) -
20-22
100-seed weight (g) -
13.7
Seed color -
Red
Hilum -
White
Protein content% -
19.05
YezinYezin Hybrid Hybrid PigeonpeaPigeonpea--22
YezinYezin PigeonpeaPigeonpea--88
Days to Maturity - 200-220
Yield(bsk/acre) - 15 - 20
100-seedwt(g) - 14.5
Seed color - Reddish
Yellow
Hilum - White
Protein content% - 19.2
ReleasedVariety
OriginalVariety
DesirableTrait
Source
Yezin-6 GM-9 Highly Protein Content American
Yezin-11 MJ-9518-2 Highly Oil Content Thailand
Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Soybean)Procedure (Soybean)
Days to Maturity -
100-105
Yield (bsk/acre) -
25-30
100-seed weight (g) -
15.0
Seed color -
Yellow
Hilum -
Black
Protein content% -
38.6
Oil content % - 16.7
YezinYezin SoybeanSoybean--66
Days to Maturity -
110-115
Yield (bsk/acre) -
27-30
100-seed weight (g) -
14.0
Seed color -
Yellow
Hilum -
Brown
Protein content% -
34.8
Oil content % - 21.9
YezinYezin SoybeanSoybean--1111
ReleasedVariety
OriginalVariety
DesirableTrait
Source
Sin Pe Lun Phyu-2 VU-02-5 Black-eyed,High Yield Nigeria
Sin Pe Lun Phyu-3VU-02-3 Black-eyed,High
Yield Nigeria
Sin Pe Lun Phyu-5VU-02-6 Black-eyed,High
Yield Nigeria
Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Recommended Varieties Released By Introduction Procedure (Cowpea)Procedure (Cowpea)
Sin Sin PePe LunLun PhyuPhyu--22
Days to Maturity -
70-75
Yield(bsk/acre) -
19-25
100-seedwt(g) -
22.7
Seed color -
White
Hilum -
Black
Protein content% -
23.2
Sin Sin PePe LunLun PhyuPhyu--33
Days to Maturity -
70-75
Yield(bsk/acre) -
17 - 22
100-seedwt(g) -
24.5
Seed color -
White
Hilum -
Black
Protein content% -
23.6
Days to Maturity -
65-70
Yield(bsk/acre) -
15-20
100-seedwt(g) -
21.2
Seed color -
White
Hilum -
Black
Protein content% -
26.0
Sin Sin PePe LunLun PhyuPhyu--55
1st Year Female Parent x Male Parent
2nd Year F1 (1st Generation)
3rd Year F2 (2nd Generation)
4th Year F3 (3rd Generation)
5th Year F4 (4th Generation)
6th Year F5 (5th Generation)
7th Year F6 (6th Generation)
8th Year Prelinminary Yield Trial (PYT)
9th Year Advanced Yield Trial (AYT)
10th to 12th Year Regional Yield Trial (RYT)
13th Year On-farm Varietal Selection Trial
14th Year Technical Seed Committee Seed Multiplication
National Seed Committee
15th Year Seed Distribution of Released Varieties
HybridizationHybridizationProcedureProcedure
ReleasedVariety
CrossDesirable
TraitTestingPeriod
ShwenilonegyiYezin-4 x ICC16145
(ZCHL-2014)
High Yield, Bold- seeded,
Resistance to wilt 2000-2009
Recommended Varieties Released By Hybridization Procedure Recommended Varieties Released By Hybridization Procedure (Chickpea)(Chickpea)
Days to Maturity -
95 – 100
Yield (bsk/acre) -
25-30
100-seed weight (g) -
41.5
Seed color -
YellowishRed
Protein content% -
18.2
ShweShwe nini lone lone gyigyi
VarietyCross
DesirableTrait
Season
Yezin Petisein-14(YM-03-2-2)
Yezin-9 x VC-6379-
20-21
Resistance to Yellow Mosaic Virus & CLS
Pre-monsoon, Monsoon and Post-monsoon
Recommended Varieties Released By Hybridization Procedure Recommended Varieties Released By Hybridization Procedure ((GreengramGreengram))
Days to Maturity -
60-65
Yield(bsk/acre) -
22-25
100-seedwt(g) -
6.4
Seed color -
GreenishYellow
Hilum -
White
Sprout Quality -
No PurpleStain
YezinYezin PetiseinPetisein--1414
Variety To be modified Induced gamma ray
1st Year M1(1st Generation) Bulk Selection
2nd Year M2(2ndGeneration)Single Plant Selection
3rd Year M3 (3rd Generation)
4th Year M4(4th Generation) Line Selection
5th Year Prelinminary Yield Trial (PYT)
6th Year Advanced Yield Trial (AYT)
7th Year Regional Yield Trial (RYT)
8th Year On-farm Varietal Selection Trial
9th Year Technical Sub-committee Seed Multiplication
National Seed Committee
Seed Distribution of Released Varieties
MutationMutationProcedureProcedure
ReleasedVariety
InducedMutation
DesirableTrait
Remarks
Pa le TunYezin Matpe-2
Radiated by Gamma Ray
High Yield, Bold- seeded
Highly farmers’
preference
Yezin Matpe Mutant
Yezin-4Radiated byGamma Ray
Photo-insensitiveCould be grown in
rainy season
Recommended Varieties Released By Mutation Procedure Recommended Varieties Released By Mutation Procedure ((BlackgramBlackgram))
Days to Maturity -
110 – 120
Yield (bsk/acre) -
20-25
100-seed weight (g) -
7.0
Seed color -
Black
Hilum -
White
Protein content% -
18.22
Pa leTun
State/Division Sown Acre(000)
Yield/acre(bsk)
RecommendedVarieties
Sagaing 513 16.216.2 Yezin-6,Yezin-11
Magway 673673 12.8 Yezin-6,Yezin-11Mandalay 350 11.4 Yezin-6,Yezin-4Yangon 354 15.4 Yezin-1,Yezin-9
Bago(East) 365 16.916.9 Yezin-1(Petishwewa)
Ayeyawaddy 285 14.1 Yezin-1(Petishwewa)
Sown acres, Yield per acre of Sown acres, Yield per acre of GreengramGreengram cropcrop
Source: MAS,2009
Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Blackgram Growing AreasBlackgram Growing Areas
State/Division
SownAcre(000)
Yield/acre(bsk) Recommended
Varieties
Sagaing 159.2 18.1 Yeizn-5, Yezin-6
Bago(East) 514.5 19.5 Yezin-2, PaleTun
Bago(West) 515.5 18.0 Yezin-2, PaleTun
Ayeyawaddy 1120.31120.3 17.917.9 Yezin-2, PaleTun
Mandalay 68.6 16.3 Yezin-5, Yezin-6
Source: MAS,2009
State/Division
SownAcre(000)
Yield/acre(bsk) Recommended
Varieties
Sagaing 514514 18.118.1 Yezin-7, YezinHybrid -2
Mandalay 472 16.6Yezin-7,
YezinHybrid -2
Magway 428 12.9 Yezin-7, Thahtaykan
Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major PigeonpeaPigeonpea Growing AreasGrowing Areas
State/Division
SownAcre(000)
Yield/acre(bsk) Recommended
Varieties
Sagaing 362 18.1 Yezin-4, Yezin-8
Magway 172 16.6 Shenilonegyi, Yezin-6
Mandalay 149 12.9 Shwenilognegyi, Yezin-6
Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Chickpea Growing AreasChickpea Growing Areas
Source: MAS,2009
State/Division
SownAcre(000)
Yield/acre(bsk) Recommended
Varieties
Ayeyawaddy 8.7 18.1 Sinpelunphyu-2
Sagaing 5.3 17.0 Sinpelunphyu-2
Magway 9.5 14.4 Sinpelunphyu-2
Bago(East) 2.3 17.2 Sinpelunphyu-2
Bago(West) 3.7 16.4 Sinpelunphyu-2
Mon 2.3 16.0 Sinpelunphyu-2
Kayin 1.2 13.5 Sinpelunphyu-2
Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Cowpea Growing AreasCowpea Growing Areas
Source: MAS,2009
State/Division
SownAcre(000)
Yield/acre(bsk) Recommended
Varieties
Shan (North) 5.0 22.5 Yezin-6, Yezin-11
Shan (South) 6.5 18.4 Yezin-6, Yezin-11
Shan(East) 3.4 16.5 Yezin-6, Yezin-11
Bago(West) 3.8 19.4 Yezin-6, Yezin-11
Ayeyawaddy 4.3 26.5 Yezin-6, Yezin-11
Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Sown acres and Yield per acre of Major Soybean Growing AreasSoybean Growing Areas
Days to Maturity -
70-75
Yield(bsk/acre) -
18-20
100-seed weight(g) -
6.5
Seed color -
Yellowish Green
Hilum -
White
Sprout Quality -
No Purple Stain
Protein Content% -
25.4
YezinYezin PePe titi seinsein--11 ((PePe didi shweshwe warwar))
Location, Existing varieties and Export Potential
Crop LocationSown Area(000)
Existing Variety Potential for Export Quality
Greengram
Sagaing Local, Yezin-6, Yezin-11Yezin-5, Yezin-9 & Yezin-14
Mandalay Local, Yezin-6, Yezin-4 Yezin-5, Yezin-9 & Yezin-14Yangon Yezin-1(Petishwewar) Yezin-7 & Yezin-9
Bago(East)Ayeyarwaddy
Yezin-1(Petishwewar)Yezin-1(Petishwewar)
Yezin-7 & Yezin-9Yezin-7 & Yezin-9
Blackgram
Ayeyarwaddy Yezin-3, Hinthadalonegyi
Pa le Tun
Bago(East) Yezin Matpe-2 & 3 Pa le Tun
Bago(West) Yezin Matpe-2 & 3 Pa le Tun
Sagaing Yezin Matpe-2 Yezin Matpe-5 & 6
Location, Existing varieties and Export Potential
Crop LocationSown Area(000)
Existing Variety Potential for Export Quality
Pigeonpea Sagaing Monywashwedinga Yezin-7, Hybrid Pigeonpea-2
Mandalay Local Yezin-8
Chickpea Sagaing Yezin Chickpea-3 Yezin Chickpea-8
Magway Yezin Chickpea-4Local
Shwenilonegyi,Yezin-6
Mandalay Yezin Chickpea-4Local
Shwenilonegyi,Yezin-6
Cowpea Ayeyarwaddy Local Sin Pe lun Phyu-2, 3 &5
Sagaing Local Sin Pe lun Phyu-2, 3 &5
SoybeanSoybean Shan(NorthShan(North)) LocalLocal YezinYezin SoybeanSoybean--6 & 116 & 11
AyeyarwaddyAyeyarwaddy LocalLocal YezinYezin SoybeanSoybean--6 & 116 & 11
Boosting Pulses Crops Production
• Establishment of seed production & distribution system is utmost and foremost taskTo build village seed banks alike societies achieving adequate quality seeds to farmers
• Development of Relevant seed production guide changing with the climate To facilitate farmers’ knowledge and methodologies practicingin abiotic stresses like drought, heat, cold and biotic stresses.
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