-- PROGRAN-U. DE ADECUACION Y MAhFJO AMBIENTAL II. . . P A M A .

Ii" -

Complejo Metalurgico La Oroya .

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES

1' + - - ' DIRECTORAL RESOLUTION No 01 7-97-EM/DGM

Lima, 13 January 1997

Whereof Files No 1085 164 dated August 29 1996 and 1099939 dated October 13 1996, submitted by Centromin Peru S.A., requesting approval of the Environmental Impact Program (EIP, Spanish acronym PAMA) for "La Oroya" Production Unit, located in the district of La Oroya, province of Yauli, department of Junin.

WHEREAS In accordance with Art. 9 of Regulations for Environmental Protection in Mining and

Metallurgic Activities, approved by Supreme Decree No 016-93-EM and Art 3 of Supreme Decree No 059-93-EM that partly modifies Regulations approved by Supreme Decree No 16-93-EM, Environmental Impact Programs will be approved or observed by the General Bureau of Mines by Resol~~tion, taking into consideration the opinion of General Bureau of Environmental Affairs.

With Official letter No 334-96-EMDGAA dated October 28 1996, the General Bureau of Environmental Affairs observed said Environmental Inlpact Program.

Centromin Peru S.A. Replyed satisfactorily to the observations made to the EIP, ,

receiving a favourable opinion from the General of Environmental Affairs as per Report No 035-96-EM-DGAA-LCP, and Memorandum No 1020-96-EM-DGAA.

In compliance accordance with Regulations approved by S.D. No 016-93-EM and its modification through S.D. No 059-93-EM.

IT IS AGREED: Article 1.- To approve the Environmental Impact Program of "La Oroya" P.U. of

Centromin S.A., located in the district of la Oroya, province of Yauli, department of Junin.

Article 2.- "La Oroya" P.U. of Centromin Peru S.A., will become environmentally sound in a 10-year period starting from this date.

To be registered and reported.

(SIGNATURE ILLEGIBLE) (STAMP) CENTROMIN PERU S.A.

REPLAY TO OBSERVATIONS MADE TO THE EIP FOR UNIDAD 1-

- - / METALURGICA L - . OROYA

1.0 INTRODUCTION On 23 October 1996, your office issued a document about the Compliance Assessment of the EIP for Unidad Metalurgica La Oroya. After commenting on the Diagnosis of the environmental problems, Proposed profile solutions, Amounts and investment schedule and sanctions, it was concluded that the EIP did not meet the requirements for a complete assessment of the mitigation program. Observations concerning accuracy and detail required a conection within 60 days. Additionally, on 28 October 1996 we received official letter No 334-96-EM/DGAA containing the list of 37 observations made to the EIP which.was the detailed of the Compliance Assessment.

2.0 COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT OF THE E P Comments and obseivations concern the lack of infornlation, in-depth analysis and investment details that detract from the foundations that the EIP deserves and the law requires.

2.1 DIAGNOSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS We are asked for information submitted and approved at EVAP, as in the case of liquid effluents, solid waste and deposits. Additionally, we are aslced for samples of ,

affected soils in the neighborhood of La Oroya to better quantify the effects of pollutioil and to enforce the best mitigation measures.

2.2 PROPOSED PROFILE SOLUTIONS It is thought that the proposed solutions for mitigation are descriptive in general. The anlounts and scl~edules are not coherent, particularly regarding the problem of S02.

2.3 AMOUNTS AND INVESTMENT SCHEDULE We need more information regarding amounts and timing, particularly the minimum annual investment, equivalent to 1 % of a n n ~ ~ a l sales, as stipulated by law.

2.4 LIST OF OBSERVATIONS The 37 observations deal with specific i t e m that must be corrected so that the EIP can meet comply with the legal stipulations in force and help achieve acceptable environmental standards in compliance with current environmental levels expected, fitting into the environmental regulations.

3.0 REPLYS TO OBSERVATIONS MADE 3.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The EIP submitted on 30 August, refers repeatedly to the approved EVAP. It's considered there that it was not convenient to repeat the information contained therein. Therefore the EIP omits this information, with the ensuing appearance of being insufficient.

Detailed information regarding the items mentioned was not included in the EIP for simplicity's salte. This was interpreted as an omission.

Most oEthe proposed solutions for Environmental Control have been developed by ackn&ledged foreign consultancy companies. They proposed to use highly efficient technologies. Therefore, they are feasible and reliable solutions. The investments exceed the minimum annual amounts required by law. Thus, there are no risks involved in carrying out the program. These amounts are below those usually managed and do not require extraordinary business management.

3.2 REPLAYS The EIP has gone through a thorough examination, Details and additional information, occasionally exceeds requests. A better outline makes it easier to understand. In the enclosed table of Replays we respond to each of the 37 observations made. The table shows the paragraphs, charts, and tables where the respective detailed information can be found.

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Solid waste, treatment and final stipulatioll

Report concentration of grensesloils in effluents from Workshops(Chart No 2,3D

Table 2.4 show the nzost important liquid effluents. It should also report Cd, As and Mn concentratiolls that are extremely high in several of these effluents. The fact that MEM has not established LMP for those elements does not mean in any way that they should not be reported and controlled. Table 2.6 apparently repoi-ts average concentratio~ls in the Mantaro and Yauli rivers. The title should be lnore specific. It is very impol-ta~~t to indicate the date of sampling andlor if it is an arithmetical or weighted annual average. River pollution is greater in summer.

The description of solid wastes is insufficient to characterize it fiom an environn~ental point of view. It should be conlplemented with gran~~lometry, metallic content soluble in water, paste 111-1, etc., since this waste will be exposed to rainfall and other natural agents. The same goes applies to the information reported ill table 2.5. Ideally you sl~ould have tested the cl~en~ical resistance of natul-a1 agents (intemperance) to establish the degree of

Greases and oils are recirculated to crude oil Bunker tank No 6 as shown in paragraph 4.1.3, Industrial Solid Waste (Chapter IV - Page 85) . Table 2.4 has been replaced by tables 4.1.215 and 5A (Pages 131 and '132) where Cd, As and Mn contents are reported. Table 2.16 has been replaced by tables 4.1.216 and GA (Pages 133 and 134) that refer to Mantaro and Yauli rivers and show the date of sampliag. Figures reported correspond to annual arithmetical average.

Characterization and granulometry of solid waste is sllo~vn in Tables 4.1.311 and 2A. Additional information requested about chemical resistance is shown in the studies of closure of deposits of arsenic trioside, Cu and Pb slag and Zinc ferrite prepared out by consultancy companies.

2.1.4

G

7

S 16 etc.

dissolution metals will experience in the future. Clarify what is meant by "stored on the banlcs of the Mantaro river" wl~en talking about manganese dioxide waste. Describe the kind of confinement used to store this waste.

The slag stockpiles, muds (ZLR) etc. have not been appropriately described. Indicate area, dimensions, height, depth, humidity, solid %, prccise location regarding highway, town, rivers, green areas, etc. and coordinates, slope, perimetric channels to collect run-off if any and, substratunl quality. Indicate if this has been made waterproof or not, estimated volume of each stockpile, and lifetime. Gases emitted by Coke Plant are not or should not be conlbustion gases. They are gas emissions during distillation. It is not u

true that they are a slightly harmful; generally they carry pllenols, nitrous gases, etc. and that should have' been confir~nedldiscarded t l ~ o u g h samplinglanalysis. Table 21 should have included this kind of analysis for gases of the Coque Plant.

Gases emitted at the Anodic Waste Plant

Gaseous emissions, treatment and final stipulatioll

9

10

11

12

Manganese dioxide is not a waste. It is a reagent of daily consumpt'ion and its storage is temporary and minimum. It is kept 100 meters away from rivky Mantaro shores.

The details requested are in Plan No M-03- 96-02, Chapter IV, Project No 03 for CCdPb slag, for zinc ferrite in plan No M-03-96-04 of Project No 15: and for arsenic t~*ioxide in pictures 1 and 2 of Project No 14, explained in paragraph 4.1.3 (Pages 8 1, 82, 85).

Tables 4.1.115, 5A, 5B and 5C (Pages 106 to 109), confirln that this concern combustion gases. Gas elnissions during distillation are analyzed in Project No 2 Chapter V.

19 2.1.5

should be analyzed to determine the concentration of nitrous gases. (Table 2, 7H)

Specify in what units minlmonth, mmlyear, etc values of rainfall are expressed. In the explanation of the washing action there should be included a better characterization of the solid wastes. (See note 8).

Clalify the concept' "slightly acid" with regard to soils with a pH in the order of 35 (Table 2.1.4). The severity of pollution seems to be greater than that suggested by this commcnt.

Cliinate

LMP for gases establislled by R.M. 315-96 should be included together with conce~ltrations of elelnents reported during air monitoring. (Table 2.13 and others)

Soils

13

14

15

Table 2, 7H has been replaced by tables 4.1.118 and 8A (Pages 1 14 and 1 15). Nitrous gases are generated by the use of sodiuin nitrate in the snlelting process. This operation is carried out once a week. There are no analysis of refir;esentative nitrous gases. 111 this regard, we submit Project No 3 of Chapter V for the elinlination of sodiunl nitrate consumption.

Units are expressed in innlH ORIyear and are specified in Tables 2.1.312 and 2.1.313 (Pages 34 and 35).

What you request can be found in Tables 2.1.412 and 2A (Pages 38 and 39)

The term "slightly acid" refers to a farming technical tern, but it is inlportant to mention that soils are affected by SO 2 emissions. These are washed by rains. An explanation is fourld in Chapter IV, Paragraph 4.2. I . (Page 87).

28

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3 4

2.2.2

Air Quality

2.2.5

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22

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24

important inforn~atio~l such as nletallurgic balances, flow charts, results of experimental tests, etc.

Acid manufacturing does not solve the en~~ironmental problenl if there esists no market. The profile should include i~lfor~llation about the reason to produce acid. It should also include the reasons why you did not assess other alternatives and if you did, they should be reported. More expensive alternatives such as silllple neutralization with limestone, lime, etc. or other methods of sulfur fixation are however the only definitive solutions. Code 1 19 project considers treatment of very acid solutions at the Cad~nium Plant to avoid their pouring into the river. You should e~~close a flow chart and a metallurgic balallce proving that the acid additionally Ted into that plant will not overflow its capacity and finally it will be poured illto the receptor, this lneans that only the pouring place will be modified and not the polluting load.

Project description with code 123 should include the chemical co~nposition of the new effluent should included the once Cu

Reply call be found in Project No 1, Chapter V, Page 155 (new s~\l.f~lric acid plants).

It is not a project. The observation refers to the effluent with code No 199 and it is explained separately in Project No 7, ChapterV, Page 197

In Project No 8 (Page 198): Plant for Industrial Liquid Effluents Treatment that

25

26

27

28

and Ag are recovered, to make sure pollution has been checked

Project description with code 118 the chemical co~nposition, pH and TSS of the new effluent should include once the treatment is finished, to make sure pollution has been checked.

Project description wilh code 1 1 S sho\vcd include the chemical composition, pIi and TSS of the new effluent once the treatment is finished, to make sure pollution has been controlled.

Project description with code 126 showed include the chen~ical composition, pl-I and TSS of the new effluent should include the once the treatment is finished, to make sure pollutioll has been controlled. You mention that the company ECOLAB S.R.L. has carried out studies. Results of these studies are missing. A plan with the relative locatio~l of the Plant (Cochabamba) should be included.

Project description with code 124, should include the che~nical composition, pH and TSS of new effluent once the treatlnent is

will pour a final effluent into Mantaro river within the l la xi mu in allowable levels.

It is shown in Project No 10\ of Chapter where a recirculation of this 'effluent is considered.

Repetition orquestion 25.

Similar Reply to question No 24

Details appear in Page 21 1 with Project No 11 (Chapter V) where we indicate that the final effluent will be treated according to

Project No 8 (Plant for Liquid Effluents Treatment).

An error in the observation questionnaire. This was Replyed by MEM. The anlount must bc US $ 5 000 (Five Tliousancl Dollars). It is detailed in Project No 9, Chapter V.

Sinlilar Reply to question No 24.

Typing error in the EIP. It should be R-1 and it is included in Project No 5 of Chapter V (Page 188).

Included Project No 5, Chapter V (Page

29

3 0

3 1

3 2

finished, to make sure pollution has been checked.

I11 the project descriptiotl wit11 code 136 the time for construction and estimated cost are inclutlcd. Dinlcnsions. gcn~nctry nntl 111aterial for the retaining \vall are tilissing. 5 million dollars is certainly a high amount for o co~ l t a i~ lmc~~ l wall. Project with code 135 has a extremely high flo\\r, with nletal concentrations far above LMP. However, the investillent schedule for this effluent is not described. You sinlply indicate that it will be the same as in case of "X effluent or neutralization with lime white\vash". We consider this is a very serious onlission because it is one of the main polluting effluents poured directly into Mailtaro river. Project description wit11 code R4. should include the cllenlical conil~ositiol~, pH and TSS of new effluent once the treatlllent is finished, to make sure pollutio~l has been checked. We presunle you have the informatioll of the study carried out by the Departnlent of Metallurgic Research.

Project description with code R4, should include the chemical con~position, pH and

1 Several times you quote EVAP as a data I We made the correspo~ldi~la corrections.

TSS of the new effluent and compared wit11 the previous practice. You sl~ould also note that Cu concentratio~l is still above LMP.

source for metal concentration and date shown is Apri1'96 - June'96. EVAP was carried out in Marc11 1995.

188).

.

be invested to reclai~n the area affected by fumes, you do not explain I~ow this will be done. There is no project profile, nor an appropriate diagnosis. See note 20 in this chart.

Altl~ough i~lvest~llent schedule in table 5.1 shows that a total of 2 million dollars will

Explained in Project No 4 of Chapter V (Page 178).

incomplete. It looks like a table of contents because it refers to other sections of the text and records neither the measures nor the cost for each case.

-- -

Table suminarizing (it has no number) mitigation measures and i~lvestrne~~ts is

The new INBA proposed system for slag granulation uses a 10 waterlslag ratio. You should indicate what is t11e value of this ratio regarding current practice. T11e least you should indicate in a 6.5 nlillion dollars proposal is the flow chart and material balance. Indicate if the new system involves a new granulation system ("state-

Explained in Chapter V. Table 5.1 .I (Page 14 1 )

The ratio is 1 :40. I t is state-of-the-art technology and one of these systems operates in Hoboken, Belgium. Flow chart and balance are shown in Project No 12 of Chapter V (Page 212). The main equip~i~ent for the system is upon request and its manufacture takes 8 to 12 months.

3 7

of-the-art") or is simply a good ~net l~od for water recovery that has nevel been implemented. This helps to establisl~ if the proposed schedule correct. I11 the project for Closing Cu and Pb Slag Deposits you mentioll several studies being carried out. You should include the Study of Chemical Feasibility of those materials. You should also illclude a study of alternative uses of slag as col~struction material, "sand blasting" (c~lrrently in practice), etc.

\

According to the report of ~ e s b n S.A. consultancy. slag is chemically stable (Project No 13, Page 220). The company has studied the alternative use of slag for Inore than 30 years and they have found their feasibility in nlultiple uses as those indicated in the observations and even for cement and glass wool manufacturing. Althoug11 experilnents yielded positive results, the high processing cost and limited market for these products do not make them a good choice.

EMPRESA MINERA DEL CENTRO DEL PERU S.A. (CEhTROMIN PERU S.A.)

COMPLEJO METALURGICO LA OROYA X'

/-

-. Environmental Impact Program (EIP)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I

INTRODUCTION CENTROMIN PERU S.A. was established on January 1st 1974 as a State owned Company under Private law It government by the state-otb7ed Companies Act. (Law No 24948) and other regulations in force. It is engabed ix non-ferrous mining and ~~~eta l lurg ic activity in accordance with regulations contahs in the General Mining Act. It operates seven (7) mining centers, its prod~~ction of concentrates and that from third parties is processed at the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex to produce (1 1) metals and (9) by-products that are sold in the domestic and international markets.

La Oroya Metallurgic Complex is located in Region -4ndres Avelino Caceres (Department of Junin), on the eastern slopes of the Andes at 3,750 masl, 175 lun northeast of Lima, in the Province of Yauli, District of La Oroya. Site topography is extremely rough.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK Centromin Peru S.A. IIILIS~ comply with regulations ccntained in the Code of Environmental and Natural Resources (Leg.D. No 613). ~ t l e XV of T.U.O. of the General Mining Act (S.D. No 014-92-EM), its rules and amendments (S.D. No 016- 93-EM and No 059-93-EM), M.R. No 01 l-96-EMNMM Maximum levels allowed for mining and metallurgic liquid effluents (NMP) and bI.3., No 315-96-EMNMM '

(Maximum allowable levels of elements and compomds existing in gaseous emissions deriving from mining and metallurgic units).

Ministry of Energy and Mines (M.E.M.), has been designated to perform the respective control, inspection and advice actions by Legislstive Decree No 613 with the General Bureau of Environmental Affairs (D.G.A.A.7 and General Bureau of Mining (D.G.M.) as the enforcing Ministry departments.

STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT The EIP has been structured and developed considering given guidelines of the corresponding Environmental Guide as well as recommendations and suggestions of involved officers of the Sector, in a common effort to sat?sfactorily and fully meet legal stipulations in force. Its seven (7) chapters include general information, actions and investment required to incorporate into the operations and lnetallurgic processes technological developments andlor alternative measures aiming to reduce or elinlinate emissions andlor pourings in order to comply \;.it11 Maximum Allowable Levels established by the Competent Authority.

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Activities of Complejo Metalurgico La Oroya generate gaseous emissions with particles, liquid effluents and solid waste that affect air quality, water streams and soils.

The site has a rough topography, flanked by the Yauli and Mantaro rivers. The weather is cold, dry from May to October, and rainy from November to April. Windsarsslow and blow primarily in a Southeast direction.

I- - - Water for home use comes from the Tishgo river (1 85 11s). ,For industrial use (1076 Ils), water comes from the Mantaro and Tishgo rivers and the Cuchimachay spring. For einergencies there are Hidro and Mayupampa ground sources. Most of the liquid effluents from homes and industries are poured untreated into the Yauli and Mantaro Rivers.

Gas and particle emissions into the air come from metallurgic processes that are monitored daily in five stations (I-Iuanchan, Sindicato, Hotel Inca, Cushurupampa and Casaracra) distributed in a 10 km radio from the location place of the main transmitter (chimney of 167.5 m height).

The older roclts at the site belong to the Pucara Group and lie over roclts of the Mitu Group. There are also roclcs of the Goyllarizquizga and Machay Groups. Near the complex much lime rock lies exposed leaving very small soil areas with scant plant cover.

The site is located in the Steppe Highlands Life Zone in the Western Andes flanks between 1 000 and 3 800 masl. The site is a natural grass steppe. River waters are fast and turbulent, with temperature that varies with height to create water habitats.

With the exception of afforestation carried out by Centromin Peru S.A., flora and fa~ma in La Oroya are scarce due to geological features, altitude, topography and partly to the action of gas en~issions of the Smelter. This is very different from the scenery of perennial grass and pasture found in Casaracra, 10 lcm away. Water from '

the Tishgo river is used here at rainbow trout fishfarms. Also present are "puna" gulls, on the Mantaro river baidcs, even near the Smelter. South of La Oroya, along the course of the Mantaro river, no typical fauna species 'are found, nor typical vegetation other than some ichu grass. In general, due to site conditions and milieu and quality prevent the use of the land from productive purposes. Some plants ,brought by Centromin Peru from nearby places or cities have adapted to the site. Also. disorderly herding and over-grazing in some areas, hamper grass regrowth and life zone improvements for the development of flora and fauna in that region.

Wit11 respect to the social and economic environment of the site, the communities of Huari and Hacienda Quilla are found on the road to Huancayo. The community of Huaynacancha on the way to Lima, and the Hacienda Antalluaro, Paccha and Casaracra communities on the way to Tarma.

In the Province of Yauli out of 67 700 inhabitants 30 900 are from La Oroya. Of these, 3 215 are Centromin Pen1 S.A. worlcers and 13 728 depend economically on them.

La Oroya covers two large sectors: Old Oroya situated on the left bank of Mantaro river, northwest from the Smelting facilities, and New Oroya on the right river bank. The "Curipata" housing project is located at 11 km from La Oroya on the way to

Lima. It is sponsored by Centromin Peru S.A. for the benefit of its workers as part of a plan to reorganize the city.

The city,.is located along the single road to Lima and other cities of the Coast, that also connect it with the rest of the Andes and the Central Amazon region. Productive activities of La Oroya Metallurgic Complex malte possible an important urban area. Handcraft activities have almost disappeared. Prevailing complementary activities are trade (987 establishments), services (228 establishments) and industry (83 establish~nents). Public Service Con~panies (Telephone, Mail. Banks, Transportation and Local TV and Radio Stations) are the most important. There are 56 scl~ools of all levels attended by a total 13 192 students. There is a hospital turn by the IPSS (Peruvian Institute of Social Security) with 72 beds. The Ministry of I-lealth runs 3 healtl~ care centers and Ceiltromin Peru S.A. has a hospital with 50 beds.

There are access roads to cities and places of archaeological interest (Tarma, Jauja, I-Iuancayo), protected natural areas, parks and national reserves (Rock Forest of Huayllay in Cerro de Pasco and Chinchaycocha Lake in Jdnin), and the touristic circuit (Lima-Tarma-Chanchamayo Valley and Mantaro Valley). They also serve more general.

METALLURGIC OPERATIONS The Metallurgic Con~plex consists of 3 integrated circuits for concentrate treatment of copper, lead and zinc concentrates. In 1995,255 109 t of copper concentrates, 191 575 t of lead concentrate, and 154 710 t of zinc concentrate were processed. Concentrate processing in 1996 should reach similar amou~zts.

The concentrates are polylnetallic nature. The Complex is among within the four (4) world smelters having the capacity to process this kind of raw material to obtain '

products of well-lcnown international quality.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT We have identified three sources of impacts: Gas and particle, emissions, liquid effluents and solid waste. In 1995 899.8 tlday of SO? and 8.9 tlday of particles were sent to the atmosphere througl~ the main chimney. The last figure represents only 3% of the total generated. The 7.2% of sulfur that enter the process is fixed as sulf~~ric acid: 4.3% is fixed as solid waste and 80.5% was sent to the atmosphere as liquid sulf~ir dioxide. Uncontrolled gas emissions also affect the air, but they are difficult to quantify because they are variable and generally spread quickly.

Liquid effluents produced by the Smelter are poured into the Mantaro river by (37) transmitters. Those produced by the copper and' lead refineries are poured into the Yauli river by (3) transmitters. Six (6) or them in the smelter ancl one ( 1 ) in the copper refinery are the main polluters. Both rivers, but particularly the Yauli river, arrive in La Oroya carrying with a high content of industrial contaminants.

Industrial solid waste: Copper and lead slag and Zinc ferrites pulp are dumped in the I-Iuanchan site, three (3) Km south of the smelter. Arsenic trioxide, instead, is dumped in the Vado region, 9 Krn North from the smelter. Industrial waste is burnt at the smelter and in the copper and lead refineries. Domestic garbage is dumped at a site called Cochabamba, 9 Krn south from the smelter. Since these dumps for both

solid waste and garbage were not designed to take into account environmental aspects, they have become sources of pollution to the nearby soils and rivers.

MITIGATION MEASURES Sinceea 1992, the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex has undergone environmental improvements. However. it has failed to achieve NMP standards currently in force. The need to improve environmental conditions within its area of influence led to the construction and implementation of the New Agglomeration Plant during 1981 and 1983. Between 1990 and 1992 metallurgic tests were performed to change the indexes of the copper layer, resulting in reduced generation of SO,, slag and particles by 50,000, 80,000 and 1,400 tlyear, respectively. In January 1994, the new 3 12 tlday oxygen plant was finished and in February copper reverberatory furnace with oxy f~lel burners was implemented to cut crude oil consumption by 20 000 Tlyear. To date, the Modernization and Technological Innovation Program has added to several e~~vironmental improvements that demonstrate a change of attitude towards more responsible environmental management.

In accordance with environmental regulations, and to mitigate the effects of SO, and particles emissions into the atmosphere, two modules are planned to fix 83% of the total SO, generated, thus producing sulf~~ric acid in the amount of 505,000 tlyear. The estimated cost of these industrial faciliries rises to 90 n~illion dollars and according to schedule, the modules would start operating in 2003 and 2005. respectively.

To mitigate the environmental impact of the Smelter's liquid effluents poured into the Mantaro river, a Treatment Plant is planned using technology recommended by ,

ECOLAB S.R.L. Consultants. The objectives are to reduce the volume of industrial water, partial recirculation of water and elimination of five effluents. The cost of the project amounts to 3.3 million dollars, of which 2.5 correspond to the Plant. Its '

i~nplementation has been scheduled for years 1998-1 999.

The mitigation of liquid and solid pollution of the Mantaro river due to disposal of copper and lead slag requires 2 INBA rotating drainers and a new transportation system for granulated slag at a cost of 6.5 million dollars. The project will be carried out during 1997-1 999.

The project for the Closing of Slag Dumps proposed by RESCAN PERU S.A. includes stabilization of slopes, works for collecting infiltration and run-off effluents that pollute soil and water at a cost of 5.25 million dollars. The project also considers recovery and reclamation of the area and will be implemented in 1997-2001. Construction of the new dump in Cochabamba will begin in 2002 at cost of 2.5 nill lion dollars.

A project to close the Arsenic Trioside dumps at Malpaso and Vado requires encapsulating with geotextile and geomembrane. T11is solution proposed by AD1 INTERNATIONAL INC. requires an investment of 8.7 million dollars. Also planned is a new deposit at the old airport of Vado for an amount of 2.0 n~illion dollars that will be built starting in 1999. This technique is recommended by the EPA from the United States.

The project to close the zinc ferrite dump includes stabilization works, acid effluent control and control of particles blown by the wind. The solution proposed by RESCAN PERU S.A. for 5.6 million dollars includes area land reclamation and will be carried- out in 1997-2000. However, due to the high value of metallic contents of zinc ferrites (230 million dollars), they may be recycled using state-of-the-art technology as an alternative. This possibility is under evaluation.

CLOSING PLAN The importance of tlie Metallurgic Complex for the .social and economic development of the region malces it unlilcely that its operations will cease in the long or medium term.

The decision to close it would have to consider not only technical aspects but also economic and political aspects involving actions of detailed planning whose process of fulfillment could be carried out totally or partially. h this direction, we have co~lceived and structured a Closing PladEffective Abandonment aim to protect health and public security, mitigate detrimental enviro~lmental effects and promote rapid recovery from the shutdown of metallurgic operations within a feasible, technical and economic frameworlc. Moreover, we consider the continued productive use of site areas in the future.

MONITORING PLAN OF EMISSIONS AND EFFLUENTS Centromin Pzru S.A. is responsible for implementing and maintaining real time monitoring programs based on appropriate sampling systems and on mechanical, physical and chemical analysis, enabling the carrying out of an assessment and control of gas emissions, liquid effluents, solid waste. noise and other elements that can be produced within La Oroya Metallurgic Complex and affect its area of influence.

The environmental monitoring plan for the Metallurgic Co~llplex was prepared on the basis of protocols issued by the respective authority, and will be readjusted as the mitigation projects are implemented. Current infrastructure allows to comply with the requirements in force, anticipating its constant modernization and the acquisition of new instruments. The plan also considers a legal, technical and institutional relations training program.

INVESTMENTS To solve the environmental problem of the Metallurgic Complex we consider two (2) main investment items:

First, introducing modern technology to change processes and improve levels of competitiveness and environmental improvement health. This will be c

primarily aimed at reducing SOz concentration to facilitate n~anufacturing of tlie sulf~iric acid. We estimate an investment of 14 1.0 million dollars.

Second, an Environnlental Impact Program (EIP) at an estimated investment of 129,l million dollars mainly to complement the modernization of processes.

Both items add up to 270,l million dollars to be invested.from 1997 to 2006. This estimated amount was confirnled by KIL-BORN-SNC-LAVALIN EUROPE consultancy company on October 1996.

1'

~here'is a minimum legal obligation of annual investillent for the EIP equivalent to . I % of the value of annual sales. Therefore, the con~plex would need to make a minimum annual investment of 4,5 million dollars.

If we take into account that the investment level made by the Complex to continue its operations, process improvement and environmental control, has been of 8 to 16 million dollars annually in the last years, without considering modernization projects carried out that surpass the amount established by EIP, we consider the program submitted is feasible and will not affect the econoinic results of business management.

CONCLUSIONS The EIP will allow to achieve NPM required by industry authorities.

The program is possible from the technical point of view since it will use recognized and tested technologies. Economically. it will not ,mean business management deterioration and will be finished in the 10 years determined for adaptation of metallurgic operations.

Investment for EIP amounts 129,l million dollars. and to 141.0 for modernization.

Gas emissions are the maill contaminant agent of the site, thus 70% of program ,

investment is oriented to fix SO 2 in the form of sulf~lric acid, which is in great demand due to its worldwide application in megaprojects of Copper deposit, oriented to lixiviation.

Program implementation will place ~e ta l lurg ic Complex among the companies that will guarantee a sustainable development of its site and millieu, improving the habitat and social and economic levels for future generations.

LA OROYA- METALLURGICALAL COMPLEX

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Empresa Minera del Centro del Peni S.A. ( C E N T R O ~ PER^ S.A.), is a mining company that was created on January 01, 1974, after the Peruvian government expropriated Cerro de Pasco Corporation. Later, a settlement was made through the Cerro de Pasco branch office in Peru.

C E N T R O ~ PER^ S.A., is a state-owned company under private law regime, organized as a corporation (Legislative Decree Ng 216), registered in Record Card 10180 of the Company Public Registry of the Lima Public Registry and in entry 4, page 424, Volume 14 of the Mining Company Registry.

It is ruled by its basic law, Executive Order Ng 21117; its Company by-law, Supreme Decree Ng 019-82-EMNM; the State-owned Company Activity Act, Act Ng 24948 and its Statute, Supreme Decree Ng 027-90-MIPRE and other complementary, accessory and modifying regulations among which are the National Budget Law and the Operation and Austerity Regulations of each year and the Law for Private Investment Promotion in State-owned companies, Legislative Decree Ne 674 and its Statute, Supreme Decree N9 070-92 PCM. Operation, water usage and industrial waste dumping licenses are the following:

a) License resolution for the operation of the plant (MEM) R.D. NQ 155-93-EMIDGM. b) Authorization for water usage (Ministry of Agriculture) 1. La Oroya - Rio Mantaro - R.S. 853 2. La Oroya - Riachuelo Huaynacancha - R.S. 08 3. Sacco - Riachelo Sacco - R.S. 460 4. La Oroya - Rio Mantaro - R.A. 027194 5. Paccb - Rio Tishgo - R.A. 028194 6. Santa Rosa de Sacco - Rio Yauli - R.M. 0142077 7. La Oroya - Riachelo Tinco Cancha - R.A. 086-93

c) Authorization for dumping industrial wastes (Ministry of Health) 1. Lead Refinery - 0231 V-93 2. Wire rod Mill - 0241 V- 93 3. Smelting and Copper Casting - 0251 V-93 4. Copper Sulfate Crystallization - 0261 V-93 5. Hydrofluosilicic Acid - 0271 V-93 6. Cadmium Pilot Plant - 0281 V-93 7. Zinc Electrolytic Refinery - 0291 V-93 8. Sinter Plant - 0301 V-93 9. Anodic Residues - 0311 V-93

10. Indium Plant - 0321 V-93 11. Copper Smelter - 0331 V-93

Regarding environmental aspects, the company must comply with the Environmental and Nahlral Resources Act ( Leg. D. N9 613), Section XV of the Single Unifying Text of the General Mining Act. (S. D. N9016-93-EM and N9059-93-EM), R.M. Ng 315-96- EMIVMM ( Maximum permitted levels of elements and compounds present in gas emissions from metallurgicalal units). Likewise, R.M. N9 01 1 -96-EMIVMM (Maximum permitted levels for liquid effluents from metallurgicalal processes).

In compliance with the environmental norms established for metallurgicalal activities, the company presented the Preliminary Environmental Evaluation or EVAP dated March 1995. After providing the requested additional information concerning the EVAP to the General Bureau of Environmental Affairs of the Ministry of Energy and Mines, on July 31, 1995, the company agreed to present the Environmental Impact Program ( PAMA) on August 30, 1996.

1.2 PAMA Objectives

The main objectives of PAMA are:

- To evaluate the present situation of natural components that could be affected by the metallurgical activity and other complementary activities and to identify the sources andlor causes of the present and possible environmental degradation.

- To establish actions to mitigate and prevent environmental degradation making the necessary investments to apply the latest technology to the operations and metallurgical process with the purpose of reducing or eliminating emissions andlor waste dumps and thus comply with the rules and procedures established by the M.E.M.

- To point out procedures in execution, investments, monitoring and control of effluents and restoration of the original environment. Also, to establish preventive measures against extreme environmental degradation (Contingency Plan).

1.3 Brief summary of the physical location of the La Oroya metallurgical complex

The complex is located 175 km northeast of the capital of Peru in the high Andean region, on the eastern flank of the western Andes at 3 750 m.a.s.1. in the Caiceres region, with a total area of 9 209 Ha. Its coordinates are:

- Smelter 8 126 087.1 north 402 225.3 east

- Copper and Lead Refineries 8 725 007.5 north 399 573.6 east

Drawings 1.311, 1.312 and 1.313 show the layout of the La Oroya metallurgical complex and its surroundings, in a 10 krn radius, the center of which is the main chimney of the

Smelter. These drawings show the contour lines of the topography of the zone, with mountains of 4 400 m.a.s.1. and the mining concession area of the La Oroya unit. They also show the Yauli and Mantaro River courses that form a "Y" intersection near the smelter. Towns and cropland areas are in the vicinity of the Yauli, Mantaro and Tishgo river basins, as well.

1.4 Short history

Company background

The main events preceding the establishment of the Oroya metallurgical complete were:

1902 Beginning of mining operations in Cerro de Pasco. 1904 Completion of La Oroya-Cerro de Pasco railroad. 1906 First blister copper bar made in Tinyahuarco-Cerro de Pasco. 1913 Beginning of operations in Morococha. 1918 Beginning of operations in Casapalca. 1922 Establishment of the La Oroya metallurgical complex. 1937 Beginning of operations in San Cristobal, among others.

La Oroya metallurgical complex

In 1922, the La Oroya metallurgical complex was established with just the Copper Smelter. Then, in 1928, the Lead Smelter was built followed by the addition of the Zinc Refinery in 1952.

Since that time, the company has been concerned with environmental problems and has put into effect measures to mitigate and control the environmental impacts of effluents and emissions, as well as handling and disposing of solid residues coming from their operations. Plants for the recovery of subproducts were built as needed.

Following are some main events in chronological order:

1922 -The first blister copper bar was made in the La Oroya Copper Smelter. 1928 -The lead blast furnaces start operating. 1929 -Creation of the Metallurgical Research Department. 1937 -Start-up of lead electrolytic refining on an industrial scale in the Anodic Residues

Plant 1939 -Beginning of operations in the Sulfuric Acid Plant to collect gases from the copper

roasters. 1941 -Installation of electrostatic precipitators for the recovery of dust (central cottrel

system). -The Antimony Plant begins to operate.

1944 -The coke plant begins to operate. 1948 -Completion of the industrial plant for copper electrolytic refining. 1950 -Completion of the Silver Refinery 1951 -Relocation of the Lead Refinery to Huaymanta, doubling its capacity.

-Beginning of operations of the Oxygen Plant from liquid air.

-Completion of the zinc electrostatic refining industrial plant. -The name Cerro de Pasco Copper Corporation is changed to Cerro de Pasco Corporation.

1952 -The Zinc Electrolytic Plant starts operating. 1954 -Selenium is produced for the first time on a commercial scale. 1955 -Telurium is produced for the first time on a commercial scale. 1957 -The second oxygen plant from liquid air is built.

-Widening of copper reverberatory furnaces. -Start-up of operations of the Lead Dross Plant.

1958 -Installation of the ventilation system in the loading area of the lead furnaces. 1960 -The installation of the ventilation system in the Sinter Plant is completed.

-An electric generator is installed in the Copper Refinery to increase its capacity. 1962 -The zinc plant expands to 150 STJday. (136,4 t/d) 1964 -Improvement of ventilation system in the molten slag discharge system of lead

furnace, canals and lead pots. -Installation of suspended brick system in the copper reverberatory N92.

1965 -Installation of the Asarco Furnace for the smelting of copper cathodes. 1966 -A new boiler and air pre-heater installed in the copper reverberatory NQ2

-Ventilation of the Sinter Plant is improved by the installation of gas scrubbers. -Ten (10) additional furnaces are installed in the Coke Plant. -The fluid bed roaster for zinc is installed.

1967 -The new Sulfuric Acid Plant of 200 t/d starts operating -The Wire Rod Plant CIDECSA is inaugurated. -The modernization of the Central Cottrel starts.

1968 -The Roy Tapper continuous extraction system is installed in Lead Furnace NQ1. -The construction of the Zinc Leach Residue Plant is completed. -The Zinc Electrolytic Plant is expanded from 150 to 200 STIday (181,82 t/d)

1969 -The new hot cottrell for the Arsenic Plant starts operating. -Beginning of Phase I in the Dust Treatment Plant -Installation of a new silicon ITE rectifier in the Copper Refinery. -Completion of the modernization program of Central Cottrell.

1970 -The continuous slag extraction system is installed in Lead Furnace NQ 2. 1971 -The suspended brick roof is installed in reverberatory Ngl. 1974 -On January 1, the Peruvian Government nationalizes "Cerro de Pasco Corporationn

and creates "Empresa Minera del Centro del Peni S.A." CENTROM~N PER^ S.A. 1976 -The Copper Refinery is expanded to 20 blocks. 1978 -The new Ajax Furnace for 408 t/d of zinc cathodes starts operating in the Zinc

Division. -The Flotation Plant for Zinc and Silver Sulfides begins operating. -A new wet electrostatic precipitator is installed in the Sulfuric Acid Plant.

1979 -The unit for separation of solids of 3 3801113 a day of impure zinc sulfate solution starts operating. -A new cupel is installed in the Anodic Residue Plant.

1980 -The new Tishgo water pipe is interconnected. -The GO 800 Oxygen Plant of 25 t/d, made by the LINDE company starts operating.

1981 -Construction of the new Sinter Plant begins. 1983 -The new Sinter Plant starts operating on a 810 t/d capacity. One (1) up draft

machine replaces five (5) up draft and six (6) down draft machines (11) in total, with a US$ 60 million investment.

1987 -Pre-feasibility study of the Oxy-fuel Plant made by SNC. 1990 -Tests to change metallurgicalal indexes begin in the Copper Smelter. In December

1990, these tests are optimized. 1991 -Evaluation and adjustments on an industrial scale were made of changes in

metallurgical indexes in the copper mix bed. -Lead furnace N93 is modified. The intermittent casting was changed to continuous casting; the former design was an Arents siphon and the modified corresponds to a box-type Roy Tapper.

1992 -Change of the metallurgical indexes of the copper mix bed is established based on 70 000 t/year of Cu production, the main results are shown in the oxy-fuel project in 1994. -The sludge from the Sinter Plant scrubbers in the thickener tank is recirculated, eliminating the Oliver filter. This contributes to reduce contamination in the Mantaro River. -Civil works of the new LINDE oxygen plant are started in March with a US$24 million investment. -In October, the bag house (60 bags) is installed to improve working conditions in the screening and crushing unit. -In December, the automatic operation and processing of continuous leaching starts. -Two converters are reconstructed and modified; increasing the capacity of converters 2 and 4 by 15 % .

1993 -In January, the new (SVEL) ventilation system for the FBR zinc roasters is installed. -In March, the electrical-mechanical installation of the Oxygen Plant begins, and on December 1, Centromin receives the acceptance and consent certificate of the Oxygen Plant, reaching a plant capacity of 312 t/day, with 95 % pure 02. -A 20 000 gal. tank is installed to recycle cooling water from the lead furnace jackets. -Reverberatory Copper Furnace Ng 2 is shut down to do maintenance work and modifications to change it to the oxy-fuel system. -A ventilation system for the discharge of copper calcine is installed. -In October, the Zinc Ferrites Treatment Plant starts operating; in November, the continuous purification system is implemented.

1994 -On January 17, the electrical- mechanical and instrumental installation of the Oxy- Fuel Project concludes. This project was executed by technical personnel of Centromin with technical assistance from INCO, ENICO and SNC LAVALIN of Canada with a US$2 million investment. -On January 18, the vertical oxy-fuel burner N9 8 is started up and the conventional horizontal burners are progressively turned off. -On February 6, the eleven (11) vertical burners are tested at an industrial level in the reverberatory furnace NQ 2. Since then, they operate on an average of six (6) oxy-fuel vertical burners and two (2) horizontal burners. This project increased the capacity of the smelter from 62 000 to 75 000 tlyr of blister copper (potential capacity, 80 000 t/yr). -In respect to 1989, the results achieved by the change of metallurgical indices and

the oxy-fuel project were: -Reduction of 100 193 t of pyrites equivalent to 82 158 t of SO2 and to 127 757 t of H2SO4 (index reduction from 1,9899 to 0,07239 t of pyrite1 t Cu between 1989 and 1995). -Reduction of 124 800 t of slag ( index reduction from 5,52 to 3,13 t of slag/ t Cu between 1989 and 1995). -Reduction of fuel oil N V (reduction of indexes from 0,935 to 0,36 t of oil/ t Cu between 1989 and 1995). -Reduction of volume of gases generated from 72 600 to 50 220 ~ m 3 Ih ( 19 000

~ m 3 /h theoretical) improving the quality of the air in the surroundings. -Reduction in size of the smelter by shutting down reverberatory furnace N9 1, two (2) boilers and six (6) Cu roasters. -Dismantling of copper reverberatory furnace Ngl and boilers. -Construction of concrete foundations for a new SVEL 4 ventilation system to improve the collection of gases in the lead furnaces. -The former Sinter Plant is dismantled.

1995 -The Copper Refinery increases its plant capacity to 66 500 tlyr ( block NQ 22 starts operating). -Recovery in the Zinc Refinery is increased from 80 % to 86 % reducing the ferrite production to 9 200 tlyr. -General repairs in reverberatory furnace Ng 2 (oxy-fuel). -The number of roasting units is reduced from 18 to 12 (8 for Cu, 2 for Pb, 1 for As and 1 for Sb), improving the collection of gases and powder.

1996 -Dismantling of 6 roasters begins. This work will concluded the first trimester of 1997. -On June 7, the Lead Refinery starts operating the project: recovery of flurosilicic acid by filtering the anodic lead sludge (LAROX filter), returning the filtered acid solutions to the electrolytic cells closing the circuit. The result was ZERO emission of effluents to the Yauli River. -New oil tanks to supply the copper and lead smelters are relocated and installed. -The purchase of the copper blister casting turntable is approved making a 20% down payment. The shipping date was fvred for March 10, 1997. -On July 1, the twelfth block starts operating, increasing the capacity of the Lead Refmery from 91 000 to 99 000 ttyr. -Oxygen pipes were laid for the Sinter and Anodic Residues Plants. The oxygen will increase the capacity of both plants, help generate less dust and gaseous emissions,

save on fuel, and eliminate sodium nitrate that generates nitrous gases.

2. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

Environmental components are grouped into 4 environmental categories: Physical Environment Biological Environment Social-Economic Environment Human Interest Environment

2.1 Physical Environment

2.1.1 Topography - La Oroya

The rugged topographic environment of the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex is comprised of large depressions. In its course, the Yauli river, which is tributary to the Mantaro river, flows through a flat topographic belt where several villages have been established.

The Mantaro river crosses La Oroya city from North to South and forms a very narrow valley. Downstream of the Mantaro river, after La Oroya and in the direction of the Huancayo, the valley becomes narrower and rugged where rocky outcrops of great height predominate.

In higher areas, on the right bank of the Mantaro river, the topography is slightly flat with numerous traces of gullies which have formed as a result of intense rains within the area. However, even at the highest elevations, rugged topographic features still' prevail.

Charts Ngl .311 and 1.312 of Chapter 1 describe the topographic environment of the area influenced by the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex.

2.1.2. Water Supply The La Oroya water supply for industrial and human consumption is outlined in diagram 2.1.211, and includes the following systems:

Tishgo System: The water supply for this system is the Tishgo river and its collecting point is 14 km north of La Oroya city.

Cuchimachay System: Its water supply is the Cuchimachay spring. Collected water supplies drinking water to La Oroya Antigua village and to the Smelter for steam boilers.

The Mantaro River Pumps: Collected water from the Mantaro river is pumped for use to granulate copper and lead Smelter slag.

Emergency System: These systems initiate when the Tishgo system fails. They include : - Hydro Pumps: This system collects underground water and sends it to the Railway

tank.

- Mayupampa Pumps: This system is similar to the previous one. Collected water is sent to the Chulec tank.

The next table shows the physical-chemical analysis of water collected from the three systems.

Physical-chemical Analysis of Water Collected from the Three Systems

(1) Dissolved Oxygen (2) Joules Turbulent Unit

Cr

Ag

NO3 Fe

Mn

Cu

Zn

so4 Mg

Ca CO,

OD(')

JTU (Pt)")

PH

2.1.3 Climate and Meteorology The La Oroya climate is frigid with two marked seasons: the humid season experiences frequent precipitation events which can sometime bring snow or hail to the region. Rainfall typcially channelizes through small gullies and streams toward the Mantaro river which serves as the primary receiving body for the regional basin. The humid season occurs between November and April. The dry season occurs between April and October.

Weather characteristics influence the atmospheric pollution and its adverse effects in the La Oroya region. Wind direction and wind speed were measured at La Oroya at

0,O 1

0,o 1

0,39

0,43

0,26

0,05

2,22

130,78 -

106,OO

163,OO

9,50

3,02

8,23

0,O 1

O,o 1

0,08

0,13

0,O 1

0,06

0,07

- 629,OO

9 1,00

618,OO

5,OO

0,32

7,80

- - -

0,37

1 273,35

0,07

1,07 - - - - -

7,s

0,05

0,05

0,lO

1 ,00

0,50

0,50

25,OO

400,OO

150,OO

3,OO

5 - 9

three stations: the first station is located in the Smelter area and the other two are at Cushurupampa (NW from the Smelter) and Huanchain, respectively (SE from the Smelter). The last two use Kimoto type 332-TW monitors. The Meteorological Station at the metallurgic complex was installed in 1925. This station measures parameters such as wind direction and speed, rain pattern, environmental temperature-relative humidity, and barometric pressure. Results from this station, however, were not obtained for use by the Company. Instead the results were incorporated as part of the nationwide meteorologic database. As such, this database was part of the meteorological network of the Meteorology and Hydrology National Service - SENHAMI - stations, and followed this organizations guidelines.

a) Wind Direction and Speed

Wind direction and speed data for the La Oroya region are registered in the diagram 2.1.311 and the table 2.1.311. From such data we have determined that the morning winds (between 7 and 10 a.m.) typically blow from North to South through the Mantaro valley. After 10 a.m. they blow from South to North. However, wind roses (Diagrams Ng2. 1.31 1, 2.1.312 and 2.1.312A) for the two urban stations clearly show the absence of predominant winds on a daily basis. The lack of predominant wind directions indicate that the wind sources and their trajectory in the La Oroya region frequently occur in all possible directions.

If we relate typical wind direction characteristics to distribution of pollutants, as a preliminary approximation, it is easy to understand that no area is constantly- exposed to contaminating particulates or gases. However, diffusion of these elements within the atmosphere is dynamic as it is dependent on varying dispersion circumstances which may or may not stabilize over the narrow Mantaro-Yauli basin.

The average wind speed tables and diagrams show winds travelling under 2mIs. These speeds are considered less favorable for dispersion of atmospheric pollution because they do not allow the desired air to dilute or "clean" the industry impacted air.

An exception to the above phenomenon is illustrated in the wind rose for the Huanchain Station (Diagram 2.1.311). This rose shows the winds going from South to West which is favorable for diffusion of air pollutants as the air can travely down the Mantaro canyon and disperse outside the Mantaro valley.

It is noted that micro-climate phenomena and local wind characteristics can develop based on topographical conditions in the region. As such, wind behavior in the La Oroya atmosphere is likely to be greatly influenced by the rugged local topography which restricts the spread of the industrial and urban areas and makes dispersion of pollutants more difficult at times.

b) Rainfall

Typically, January is the rainiest month and July the driest (106,5 mm H20 and 0,O mm H20 respectively) in the La Oroya region. Normally, in areas of atmospheric pollution, precipitation is regarded as beneficial because it "washes" the ambient air. Nevertheless, in the case of La Oroya it is related to a negative effect as the dust

becomes an additional source of pollution to the Mantaro river. This "washing" action occurs on surfaces that have accumulated pollutants over a long time period. Once precipitation contacts these surfaces these pollutants are dissolved and carried

to the rivers Yauli and Mantaro.

The pluvial measurements are taken at both the Smelter station and Mayupampa substation. Annual average values estimate 568,lO mm of water for the Smelter station in a 72-year period and 563,70 for Mayupampa station in a 39-year period (Table 2.1.312).

c) Temperature and Relative humidity

The temperature in La Oroya and its surroundings (table NP 2.1.313 and diagram 2.1.313) range between 26QC in December and the lowest -4C in May. Relative humidity is also varied, fluctuating from 5% in July-September to 72% in January- March. As a whole, these data do not correspond to normal local weather conditions and generate contradictory weather conditions that might increase or reduce the effects of environmental pollution.

d) Barometric Pressures

Barometric pressures are measuring in the Smelter Station and expressed in KPa (kilo Pascal) units. The average monthly hour values are reviewed in table 2.1.314. These values are critical to estimate emission dispersion. As for monthly averages,

the highest pressure typically occurs in October and the lowest in December (66,14 Kpa and 65,14 Kpa respectively).

2.1.4 Air

Ambient air around the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex has suffered quality alterations due to gas emissions and particulate matter, which are characteristic of metallurgical operations.

5 monitoring stations have been placed in different outlying areas of the Smelter (Table 2.1.411) to determine and evaluate pollutants according to environmental air quality. The evaluated pollutants include sulfurous gas expressed in SO,, Suspended Particulate Matters (SPM), and metallic contents (As and Pb).

The monitoring results from these stations are showed in Tables 2.1.412, 2.1.412A, 2.1.413 and 2.1.413A. In addition, table 7.2.411 of Chapter 7 describes monitoring stations in the areas surrounding the complex.

Air quality values from the Company monitoring system versus the maximum permitted levels are described below.

(*) When thermal inversions occur, highest values appear.

s o 2

Pb

As

MPS

Suspended Particulate Matters (SPM) Particulate polluting evaluations are conducted using two independent methods. Even though these methods are independent of each other, it is interesting to compare them as they are developed in the same sampling stations.

In one case, Kirnoto type 331-737 monitors are capable of evaluating SPM similar to high volume equipment (Hi-Vol). The Hi-Vol equipment or Kimotos manage huge air volumes from where SPM are integrally filtered in a 24-hour period or more. Whereas in the tape samplers, sampling is sequential (every three minutes), thus obtaining maximum, minimum, and average values.

PPm Arithmetic mean

daily

pdm3 Arithmetic mean

annual

pdm3 Arithmetic mean

daily

pdm3 Arithmetic mean

daily

Something even more important is that the paper tape or blot methods evaluate particles that are only fractions lower than 10 microns, known as PM,,. That is to say that, the equipment is able to discriminate (by a cyclone system) breathable portions of PM,, (which pose public health concerns) from the total amount of air floating particles.

As mentioned earlier, Hi-Vol collects all non-sedimentary matters, among which we find particles larger than 10 microns. These conceptual and operational differences explain in turn, the differences in the estimated values.

From 0,06to0,24 (*)

From0,07 to2,94 (*)

From0,l to 1,7 (*)

From 86,O to 294,O (*)

Metallic Contents in SPM To detect three polluting chemical elements (As, Pb, and Cd) in processed matters, determinations are carried out in SPM samples obtained both by the paper tape or

0,20

0,50

600

350

Hi-Vol methods. These determinations are performed on monthly representative composites using analytical laboratory protocols.

2.A. 1 Geology and Seismicity - La Oroya

a. Geology The oldest rocks found in La Oroya belong to the Pucarai Group (Triassic-Jurassic). They are composed mainly of light gray to white shale that may overlay rocks

belonging to the Mitu Group (Permian age). There are also rocks from the Goyllarisquizga Group, composed of sandstone and red lutite, and shale layers interstratified with basaltic or diabasic layers. Overlaying these rocks we find the Machay Group, composed of bluish-gray bituminous shale from the Pariatambo Formation and light colored, lutaceous, marly shale and phosphate from the Chulec Formation.

To the South of La Oroya there are outcrops corresponding to the Red Beds of Tertiary age. Several Quaternary deposits overlay this outcropping layer as explained below:

.Alluvial Deposits These irregular deposits are in the Mantaro and Yauli rivers forming terraces from different ages and dimensions within the Quaternary period The La Oroya Smelter and Huaymanta Refineries are located above these deposits. Fragment dimensions range from blocks, gravel, fine gravel, and some sand. The composition of these matters is varied.

.Fluvioglacial Deposits This type of deposit predominates at higher elevations where remnants of ancient glaciers are located. In many cases only remnants of big ancient deposits have endured.

.Colluvial Deposits These deposits compose the slopes of the rocky escarpments originated by rock erosion. These deposits are small and irregular.

.EUuvial Deposits In some places it is possible to find rocks turning into soils. These are considered Elluvial depositions a few of which are found in the La Oroya region.

b) Folding and Faulting Rocks close to the Mantaro river are strongly folded with nearly vertical dips. In some cases they are dislocated from regional faulting. To the southwest and northeast of the river, folding softens and gives way to wide anticlinal and synclinal folds.

c) Geomorphology The area surrounding La Oroya Metallurgic Complex presents some geomorphologic characteristics such as: the Mantaro river with tributaries like the

Yauli river, Shincarnachay, Huashango (Paccha), Pacchapata (La Oroya Antigua), the Seco river and some minor ravines that have been cut through calcareous rocks, sandstone, lutites, etc. of different rock formations. In areas of higher elevation, remnants of the original Puna surface can be identified.

Fluvial terraces which consist of mechnically and chemically weather (travertine) Sacco-Tamboa nd Shincarnachay deposits overlay the riverbeds of the Mantaro and Yauli rivers and other areas to a lesser extent (i.e. La Oroya Antigua - covered by the village).

The elevation at La Oroya varies between 3600 and 4600 m.a.s.l., whereas the Smelter and Refineries are located at an average elevation of 3750 m.a.s.1.

Currently rill formations (erosion crevices) are evident in the La Oroya region. These were produced by acid rains which fell in the La Oroya surroundings and on the soil surface that has been left without natural plant protection (ichu). This erosive effect is intense around the Smelter and decreases gradually as it moves away from this center.

d) Seismic Area From the tectonic point of view, La Oroya Metallurgic Complex is located in Zone 1 (Natibnal Construction Regulation) which corresponds to a highly seismic area. For construction we must take into account the antiseismic parameters established by the Regulation, and construction must be made mainly of two stories or less.

2. .1 Soil Evaluation

It is very important to study and evaluate these natural resources for physical, chemical and biological purposes. Soil Studies were carried out on soils samples taken from affected areas, as well as from bordering areas.

In table 2.1.611, the results from the analysis show these soils are impoverished without vegetal cover. There is no nitrogen (by the lack of vegetation) nor calcium. As, a whole, soils are slightly acidic due to the lack of calcium, as well as because

of the rain on soils with little vegetation and to the adverse effect of Smelter emissions.

In samples taken from La Oroya Antigua, which faces the metallurgical complex, analysis results indicate the presence of calcium carbonate in large percentages. This may be attributed to shale desegregation in the highest part of the mountains. Also the pH of these soils is slightly alkaline and its texture, which is dry and sandy, resemble the texture of the soils located in the Huaynacancha sector.

2.1 Biological Environment

2.2.1 Characterization

The bioregion of the Highland Steppe extends from the La Libertad department to the North of Chile and the western Andes slopes. This bioregion is between 1000 and 3800 m.a.s.l., and borders the coastal desert region to the west and the Puna mountain region to the east. The highland steppe has an interesting ecological formation characterized by its own climatological, edaphic, plant and animal factors. It is called highland steppe due to the predominance of grasses and other vegetation typical to steppe environments. Its climate differs from the coastal desert and the mountain Puna (Diagram 2.2.111).

b) Land Ecosystem The land ecosystem is primarily composed of grass and shrub vegetation including Lupinus communities and some herbaceous plants from Baccharis, Polypepis, Buddelia and Alnus genera. These are associated to graminae sp. such as: Stypa ichu, Stypa brachyphylla, Calamagrostis vicunarum, Calamagrostis antoniana and Fetusca heterophylla, which are used for grazing. (Diagram 2.2.112).

In the Highland Steppe, the intense and unmanaged cattle raising destroys wild vegetation. This hampers natural regeneration and propagates soil erosion.

Habitat destruction, originated by natural vegetation loss, is the main cause of species extinction in this area including wild plants and animals and especially endemic species that have a restricted distribution.

Animal populations are well represented by the Viscacha (Lagidium puna). The animals of this area are highly influenced by elements of the Puna. Species from Bird populations include the "Peruvian turtledove" (Euphelia cruziana), the hummingbird (Myrtis fanny and Thaurnastura cora) the "black" (Dives warszewiezi), the "black thrush" (Molothrus bonariensis), and the "chisco" (Mimus longicaudatus).

c) Aquatic Ecosystem The rivers of the western slopes are typically rapid and fast-flowing. Their temperature decreases with altitude, thus creating an interesting zoning of aquatic habitats among which we can include: Riverbeds with currents, Andean streams, earth and stone gorges, denuded riverbanks with stones, rocky riverbanks and banks with low vegetation.

Among the birds found in this ecosystem we can include the "duck of the torrents" d

(Merganetta armata) and the "Aquatic blackbird" (Cinclus lencocephalus), both of which prefer clear water and fast-flowing streams.

,

Among the local amphibians we have the "Common Toad" (Bufo spinolusus) and ..* . . .. ... - - . - . .-$ :. : - : .

species like (Telematobius jelskii and Telematobious runac). A ,

fG-5 : . .J :

Native fish have not been studied in great detail, however the "Chalwa" (Oretias spp.) and trout (Salmo spp.) are noted to be naturally occurring andlor introduced to the region.

2.2.2 Ecosystems - La Oroya Metallurgic Complex and its surroundings

The Metallurgical Complex is placed in the valley that forms the basin of the Mantaro and Yauli rivers at 3750 m.a.s.1.

The population center and farming area for La Oroya are located next to the Yauli and Tishgo river basins.

A description of the land and aquatic ecosystems has been carried out in a l@Km radius with its center at the main chimney of the Smelter.

b) Land Ecosystem La Oroya Metallurgical Complex is in the mesoandean valleys, with a total surface of 9209.83 Ha, distributed in the following way:

1. Six non-metallic mining concessions : 4500.00 Ha 2. Nine rustic properties : 2669.83 Ha 3. Three quarries : 2040.00 Ha

Geographically, the complex covers the western part of the central Andes between 3700 and 3800 m.a.s.1. La Oroya borders the following states and communities;

- Antahuaro estate - Oroya Antigua Community - Tallapuquio estate - Huaynacancha Community - Huaymanta estate - Huari Community - Quiulla estate

The topographic relief is rugged with steep slopes and acidic soils with reddish and brown tones. Also, fertile soils such as dystric and eutric cambisols have been encountered in small portions.

The plants near the Metallurgic Complex are growing and evolving naturally (spontaneously). A plant chemical analysis is observed in Table 2.2.211 (picture 2.2.111).

At 10 Krn North away La Oroya rises Casaracra. This place is constituted by perennial grasses and herbs among which include Festuca heterophylla and the Stypa ichu. "Choca" (Chuquiragua huamanpinta), the "Caqui Caqui" (Adesmia spinosisima) and some cactus also thrive in areas dismrbed by grazing. (Picture 2.2.212). Animals in the region include sheep and cattle. Birds are scarce but we can mention the "Puna Seagull" (Lorus serranus).

The few tree species we have observed among all this way shrub-like vegetation

include the colle (Buddleia coriacea) and the Polylepis racemora. Likewise, brooms ;i

and maguey (Agave americana) have also been identified. 73 - 3 iJ

No typical regional vegetation was observed to the south of La Oroya, at the border of the Mantaro river and in a 7-km radius, except for the Stypa ichu which is scarce T due to the Smelter emissions. Dense vegetation in this area and on the slopes of the

_I

river banks tends to include grasses such as the Festuca sp and the Stypa ichu. There are also some species as Quishuar and some cactus in the area. (Picture '- 9 F

2.2.213). $ 3

The effects of Smelter emissions on the ecosystem can be directly observed in the western region of the La Oroya at areas of high elevation (approximately at 4000 - 3

m.a.s.1.). An estimated area of 3829 ha has been affected and still requires recovery. The effects of the emissions on these soils is clearly visible (Picture 3 3 2.2.214). . d

In the middle of the Huaynacancha valley there is a small lagoon which holds pluvial and ice deposits. Here sheep drink water and birds like the "Huallata" or "Washwan make their nesting place. Vegetation species such as the padded plant life and grarninae are present in small populations

Trees such as Colle, quenoal, Cypress, Quishuar, etc are located within 10 km of the complex around the employees' residence (Inca Hotel), the complex general offices, and bordering towns.

c) Aquatic Ecosystem Lotic Environment: Tisgho river, Mantaro river and Yauli river. The Tishgo river joins the Mantaro by the Casaracra estate. Water from the Tishgo is treated and used for domestic consumption. Some time ago Tishgo waters were used for stocking and fishing "Rainbow Trout". No fish have been found in other aquatic organisms within the La Oroya region. The vegetation by this river is primarily composed of grasses.

The Mantaro river flows from North to South through the La Oroya complex, cariying elevated concentrations of pollutants. As it flows through the complex, the Mantaro receives effluent contributions from the Copper and Lead Refineries (through contributions from the ~ a u l i river which brings some pollutants like tailing residues), the copper and lead slag granulation areas, the main channel NQ2 of the Copper and Lead Smelters, the Zinc Electrolytic Plant, the main channel NQl, the channel parallel to point 135, and the Zinc ferrite deposits.

There are no representative organisms of the animals and plants, except the "PUM Seagull" (Lorus serranus) and the Huallata that were observed near or in the Yauli or Manataro receiving rivers.

Table 2.2.212 shows the monitoring values for the Tishgo, Yauli and Mantaro rivers.

As it can be appreciated, the Yauli and Mantaro rivers contain lead concentrations that exceed the Maximum Permitted Limit. Cadmium, one of the most dangerous elements, is also found in the Mantaro river. Iron increases its concentration when passing by the smelter as does manganese (5 times its concentration). Arsenic is also present. In addition, both rivers receive domestic emissions from the entire village.

2.3 Social-Economical Environment

The La Oroya Metallurgical Complex contributes to the welfare and social-economical development of Central Peru and the country as a whole. It produces refined materials of high quality and sub-products that are useful in both domestic and international industries.

2.3.1 Description of the Social-Economical Component b) The locations and description of the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex as a

mining settlement and the human settlements surrounding the Complex facilities are derived from records from the city of La Oroya.

The main inhabited areas of the local environment are the following: On the road to Huancayo: the Huari Community, the Quiulla Estate. On the way to Lima: the Huaynacancha Community. On the way to Tarma: the Antahuaro Estate and Casaracra area after Paccha. On the way to La Oroya - Cerro de Pasco, there are 8 more settlements.

The main demographic indexes used for comparison in this PAMA are in the following Table:

Main Demographic Indicators - La Oroya

Total Population (thousands of inhabitants) 1993

Growth rate 8 1-93

1 093,O

% Rural Population

67,7

1,7

Illiteracy rate (% 15 years or older)

-1,4

36,O

Infant mortality rate ( x 1 000)

9,o

13,4

EAP 15 year or older

We can see that La Oroya and Santa Rosa de Sacco districts account for 64,1% of the population in the Yauli province. Both are highly urbanized districts.

9,1

63,O

Economic Dependence Rate

As to the Company workers, we found that 92% are married and most of all come from the central part of the country: 79% from Junin, 5 % from Cerro de Pasco, 5 % fro& Huancavelica and 11 % from other parts.

56,s

50,s

The 33% of the workers raise 1 to 3 children and 40% 4 to 5 children. Besides, 90,4% of the workers' wives dwell in La Oroya. From 3215 workers, 13728 people are economically dependent. 43% of the workers have between 31 and 45 years old, and 32% more than 46 years. 63% of the workers reached high school education.

SOURCE: INEI Population and Housing Census 1993. Junin department and Centromin data. Map of Unsatisfied Home Basic Needs. INEI 1995.

242,6

On the other hand we must point out the demographic growth in La Oroya is still showing a negative rate compared to 1981. The decrease of La Oroya population between 1981 and 1993 (-1.4) period is due to the streamlining politics that Centromin established during mining crisis times and in the previous process to

48,7

266,5

49,3 -

251,s

45,9 43,l

302,9 304,6

privatization.

There is also a floating population of 2500 people that frequently travel to La Oroya for business reasons.

La Oroya Antigua and La Oroya Nueva

La Oroya Antigua.- faces the Smelter at the left bank of the Mantaro River on the road traveling to Huancayo.

It is made up of flat areas near the roads and su~~ounding streets, and extends to the steep mountain slopes without much planning. Its layout is irregular and disordered.

Buildings are very old, mostly in an advanced stage of deterioration. These facilities currently shelter villagers with no relation with Centromin.

The occupation of urban areas is saturated which causes overcrowding to several alley ways. The area is essentially used for housing, but small businesses and two markets prosper, as well as a church, a public school, three primary schools and a private school.

In this area there are neighborhood assemblies. The primary assemblies which are comprised of members from the population at large include: Mayta Capac, San Luis, Tayaupata and Plaza Libertad.

La Oroya Nueva.- Located at the right bank of the Mantaro river. It is the area where Company facilities are placed, facing La Oroya Antigua. It is located on the road that extends to Tarma and Lima.

The way to Tarma goes from the Paccha district and in the outskirts to Casaracra. In this area we can find the Junin Hotel, the Inca Club and Hotel, La Oroya Hydroelectric Central and the area of Chulec (Picture 2.3.111). This area stands out for its urban planning, paved streets and single-person homes for Centromin officers. It has a sports field and a Golf club. Here we find the Hospital of Chulec that also belongs to the Company and the Mayupampa School for the children of Centromin officers.

In front of Chulec, to the other side of the riverbank, there is the John Paul I1 neighborhood which houses people from Tarma and Jauja and also workers of the Company. They have two-story houses built with brick and mortar, but streets are not suited for vehicle transit. We also have the Shinca Machay neighborhood. Along the way to Paccha, there are few houses and some businesses (little stores, fast-food restaurants, etc.). Paccha is about 10 Km. away from La Oroya and farmers and cattlemen of the area communities inhabit this district.

The local road passes by empty houses on the way to Casacacra

9 Heading for Lima, we fmd most of the houses for Centromin workers.

?-:4 .:.g

The La Oroya CMP facilities sketch is shown in the diagram 2.3.111. . . :.,, --.. . .., . .>

Sectors inhabited by Centromin Peni and non-company workers are shown below. 's

3

lto Marcavalle Neigborhood

hantytown Tupac Arnaru

Buenos Aires eigborhood. Micaela Bastidas

eigborhood. Leoncio Prado

Neigborhood Las Mercedes

The main sector is Calle Lima where Centromin workers and employees live. There are also a great number of stands, street sellers and a small market.

Alto Marcavalle (Picture 2.3.1/2), in Yantacancha Hill within Santa Rosa de Sacco District, typifies the urbanization process of population belts in La Oroya surroundings which is comprised of Tambo del Sol (Villa Sol), Muruhuay, Maria Concepci6n y Tacarpana: These neigborhoods have similar characteristics and are next to each other sharing common services such as a dish antenna, a radio broadcaster (Super AM) and a stadium.

The largest neigborhood is "Tarnbo del Sol" where 90% of the inhabitants work for Centromin. These people own 200rn2 lots with two-story adobe houses sheltering orchards and cattle raising. There are 130 families with no land left. In order to

obtain the lands, people got together and became New Dwellers integrated to the Santa Rosa de Sacco Community, a process that dates back to 1981 (Picture 2.3.113).

Curipata Urbanization

The Curipata Urbanization housing project is located 11 km from La Oroya on the way to Lima. Centromin sponsors the project in favor of its workers. It is found beside the road in a plain and well-planned area. (Posts, stadium. school, church and an open market make up the project) (Picture 2.3.114).

As for the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex, its production facilities expand in a large enough area (See Diagrams 2.3.111 and 2.3.112) as explained here:

A grocery store, copper wire plant, Copper and Lead Refinery flourish along the way to Lima throughout the Central Highway and Yauli River in Huaymanta sector.

The "Incan Club and Hotel, La Oroya Hydroelectric Central, Chulec Sector with the Hospital and Mayupampa School come into view on the way to Tarma.

Along Horacio Zevallos Av are the following: Centromin Peni S.A. TV channel, RR.PP, J d n Hotel, Highland Human Resources facilities and Industrial Relationships. To the end of the Horacio Zevallos Av, in front of the La Oroya Antigua (to the other Mantaro riverside), are the Copper Smelter, Lead Smelter, Zinc Refineries, Training and Security Area, Occupational Medicine as well as the Operational Central Agency (Picture 2.3.115).

b) La Oroya Economic Activity and its environment The La Oroya city is surrounded by farming, cattle and mining areas of the Central Highland. These are characterized by mid-sized fanning exploitation directed to provide Huancayo, Tarma and Chancharnayo markets with products like meat from JU&; vegetables, potatoes, legumes from Tarma and the Mantaro Valley area; fruits and coffee from Chancharnayo; industrial inputs from ranching sources source (wool); and mining raw material (especially copper, lead, zinc and silver) for the domestic and foreign market coming from Centromin (Morococha, Casapalca, San Cristbbal, Yauricocha, Cobriza and Andaychagua).

La Oroya is a landmark for the supply of food and manufactured products concerning the clothing and furniture market, etc. for the entire Central Amazonian and Mountain area.

Toward Tarma, Huancayo and Junin extend a series of small populations (generally farms or towns belonging to peasant communities) located around the Central Highway. These populations are primariliy subsitence farmers or proprieters of and small services which are directed toward transport (restaurants, mechanics).

However, despite being close to La Oroya, their trading relationship is restricted to the two weekly fairs in this city. This is attributed to the fact that most manufactured food products come from Lima. (Picture 2.3.116)

Little to no craft activity is peformed in the region. 34.1 % of the city EAP is made up of the people and its dependant relatives who profit from metallurgical activities. There is a stable 51.9% comprised of people in the trading business and diverse services as well as employees from government and private institutions. Although these ventures depend directly or indirectly of the Company activity, they are different affairs. An example of the said dependency is the fact that the weekly and fortnights fairs in La Oroya and Santa Rosa de Sacco take place on the same days that the workers are paid. As for the commercial sector, 987 establishments both formal and informal have been counted where 59.9% belong to the food business (groceries, vegetables, etc.), 6.9% to clothing and shoemaking and in a small scale, household items and electrical appliances.

74,8% of the commercial enterprises are family owned and operated, involving more than two relatives.

In the service sector, 228 establishments have been registered where 31,1% are formal restaurants and 8,3% are food street sellers. In addition, there are 29 Factories and Mechanical Facilities to provide service to transporters.

The industrial sector of La Oroya city is comprised of 83 establishments where 36,6% sell alcoholic drinks, 15.6 % sell clothing and bakery items, 21.6% make and sell furniture. There is also a bottling plant and lime and plaster factories.

15,9% of Centromin workers are involved in additional economic activities: 5,9% work in the trading business, 9,2% in services (masonry, plumbing, and mechanics) and 0,78% in other businesses. 13,6% of the workers' wives perform economic activity other than housekeeping (especially commerce, 8,5 %, working in La Oroya).

Gi3en the importance acquired by La Oroya city in recent years, different Governmental, Municipal and Private Institutions as well as NGOs are also developing here.

There are 35 Institutions both Governmental and Private.

As for private companies for public services there are: La Telefonica del Peni, Mailing services, Banks, Transport services and local Radio Broadcasters.

There are four Cooperatives including "Cooperativa de Ahorro y Craito CENTROMIN Coop 299".

In addition, La Oroya provides eight subkitchens run by women of low economic resources and 18 Mother Clubs (Clubes de Madres) take part in the Glass of Milk

Program, PANFAR.

1 Housing Infrastructure and Basic Services - La Oroya

*Housing Infrastructure The La Oroya housing infrastructure is divided into two types, the first one is run by Centromin Peni Management while the other is run by private groups. The latter is in trouble because of its excessive concentration or overcrowding of people, ill- built facilities, lack of basic services and so on. To make matters worse, invasion of people living at higher elevations where most zones are exposed to gas pollution also occur.

La Oroya has 3395 homes assigned to workers where 1064 (31 %) are adequate to live in and the remaining 2331 (69%) are in acceptable condition. These houses lodge approximately 15376 people averaging 5-6 persons per family.

These houses are located in the following sectors: Tras el Mercado, Calle Lima, Railway, Cantagallo, La Florida, Alto Peni, Plomo 1 floor, Plomo 2 floors, Huaymanta, Buenos Aires "A", Esmeralda, Santa Rosa, Buenos Aires "B", Huampani, Marcavalle, Tras Estacibn.

83% of workers live in homes assigned by the Company (742 in private areas) which mostly have two rooms. (Picture 2.3.118)

Departments located in blocks have basic services, laundry, and showers inside, but sectors arranged in room blocks have collective latrine, laundry, well, and shower services. 38% of workers have their own home (the 9,74% in La Oroya); 27 % have land (7,28 % in La Oroya). Picture 2.3.119.

Average La Oroya housing consists of two-floors and 60m2-land area and 50m-floor construction. They are constructed with good material, mostly with cement floors, wooden windows and wooden and corrugated iron roofs. There are also adobe houses in the non-company area from La Oroya Antigua.

overall, there are 11 256 houses in La Oroya. The housing conditions in sectors such as Tras el Mercado, Wilson Av, Alto Peru, Tras Estacibn, Railway and the Plomos show a high deterioration level and excessive concentration of people, so demolition has been scheduled.

Concerning the demolition program for overpopulted and deteriorated housing, to date all houses in the "Club Peruano" sector (there were 460) have been demolished and replaced with grass. In the Smelter area, practically all the existing houses has been demolished and properly removed from the area.

The Curipata Urbanization project sponsored by Centromin Peru for its workers intends to provide houses for displaced workers and move them away from the

industrial area.

Education As for education, there are two Educational systems in La Oroya. The first is run by USE (Controlled Educational Services Unit) in charge of 9 Governmental Schools (3 for Initial Education, 4 for Elementary and 2 for High School) for Centromin Peru S.A. They show good infrastructure, equipment and highly qualified staff made up of 296 workers.

These units enjoy academic prestige and include a total number of 4408 students (until September 1996) accounting for 33,5% of the entire school population. (Picture 2.3.1/7). The other 66,5% comes from the 8 744 students from the 45 other educational centers which include Elementary, High School, Technical and Tertiary classes in the private and public sector: There are also computer, nursing and educational institutes.

Nowadays, the 9 Government Educational Centers (C.E.F.) are being transferred to the Education Ministry due to CMP S.A. privatization process.

.Healthcare As for healthcare, the La Oroya city including Paccha and Santa Rosa de Sacco has three healthcare systems. - The IPSS (Social Security Peruvian Institute) has a Polyclinic mostly directed to care aged people and a Regional General Hospital with 25 physicians in all specialties, 35 nurses, 72 beds, X ray services and analysis. These professionals perform major and minor surgical procedures as well as provide prevention and consulting services to insured people and their dependents, which mostly are CMP workers.

- Healthcare Ministry has three poorly constructed and illequipped facilities that provide services (advice, minor procedures, analysis, and deliveries) for population without insurance. Cases requiring urgent attention are taken to Tarma, Huancayo and Lima.

L Finally Centromin runs the Chulec Hospital that has 14 doctors in different specialties, 13 nurses, 50 beds. These professionals can perform major procedures (16 as a monthly average) as well as minor procedures, X-rays, analysis, echogram, laparascopies, etc. It services Company workers' relatives who have no insurance rights in the IPSS. See the following table:

KIND OF ATTENTION BY SUB-POPULATION

Superior Administrative 4 5 15 138 186 33 451 5323 List

Monthly Superior List 1 749 5 1 13 30 119 1962

Monthly list 957 96 1 3 1 35 1120

1 Daily list 1 4578 1 370 1 2 1 59 1 153 15162

Scholarship Plan 477 24 14 6 83 604 I I I I I I

Familiar Prof. 1 425 1 24 1 I 1 17 1466 I I I I I

SECOF 1 148 1 4 I 3 1 155 I I I I I

ENTEL 1 1 8 5 1 5 1 I I 15 1205

1 Particular 1 4832 1 650 1 3 1 I 803 1 6 288

TOTAL 17 866 1362 219 159 1679 21 285

Percentage 83,94 6,40 1,03 0,75 7,89 100

Source: Organizational Analysis Research "Informe Production y Rendimiento del Hospital General Chulec"

Among the most treated diseases in the various La Oroya Healthcare Centers is diarrhia, gastrointestinal and infectious diseases which accounting for 50% of the visits. Next are the bronchial diseases caused by cold weather and pollution and in small proportion, cystic, endemic (hepatitis), parasitic and rheumatic diseases.

Among labor diseases, trauma due to accidents is frequent, arsenic dermatitis and saturnism (lead poisoning) are regularily controlled. Pneumoconiosis and silicosis seldom appear as observed in the following table:

PERIODIC EVALUATION BY OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE CENTER

Ophthalmological

By exposition to silicon

Audiological

5 933

3 773

6 113

5 701

3 733

6 113

96,09

100

100

Source: Organizational Analysis Research "Informe Produccibn y Rendimiento del Hospital General Chulec"

Drinking Water Supply Centromin provides its workers with water freely. There are problems due to weak pressure as a result of indiscriminate use sharpened by the deficient network supply system.

Annual control, not occupational

By exposition to Arsenic 1995 - 1.

By exposition Arsenic 1995 - 2.

By exposition to Cadmium 1995 - 1.

By exposition to Cadmium 1995 - 2.

By exposition to Lead 1995 - 1.

The drainage system which runs through the Municipality is not satisfactory for the houses located at La Oroya Antigua. This region has a channelized sewage system that consists of open or uncovered canals characterized by constant clogging which gives way to sources of waste accumulation and rodent burrows. (Pictures 2.3.1110 and 2.3.11 1 1).

165

148

49

47

1 067

6 500

6 215

165

148

49

47

1 066

Nowadays sewage is not treated prior to discharge to the Mantaro and Yauli rivers. Only the 41,6% of houses have proper sanitary services, 4682 houses have services connected to the public network, 2758 houses have a well. Inhabitants of 742 houses use sanitary service irrigation ditches or canals and 3074 houses use open fields and hillsides to carry out biological necessities. (Picture 2.3.1112)

100

100

100

100

99,88

Tishgo river natural sources are used: domestic and industrial water and for EMSAPA (Municipal Company of Drinking Water and La Oroya alcantarillado); Cuchirnachay: Industrialmd for EMSAPA; Mantaro river: industrial water; Marcavalle Well: water for EMSAPA; Pichjapuquio Spring: Water for EMSAPA.

The water amount supplied to EMSAPA is subject to charge from August 1994 when transferred the total control of Marcavalle Well sources and Pichjapuquio Spring to EMSAPA. At the same date, Centromin began supplying domestic water for the said company to be delivered to sectors: Calle Lima and Horacio Zevallos Av. Actually 5 909 houses have connections to the public network, 4302 houses are supplied from public trough, 164 houses with well water, 54 from cistern trucks and 514 from irrigation ditches or springs.

Power Supply Service Centromin also provides its workers with a power supply which is subject to restrictions beginning at 7:30 a.m. to 10:OO a.m. and 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. - .

5 ;,A -

Electro Centro supplies light to La Oroya in the private sector. As for Centromin, thanks to its interconnected network, it can provide electricity for industrial use and for domestic use for Company employees and their families.

Waste and Deposit Treatment For industrial waste treatment, the metallurgical complex has two crematory ovens, one in the Smelter and the other in the Copper and Lead Refinery.

With regard to domestic Solid Waste (Garbage), there is no sanitary treatment and garbage is accumulated by Municipal and Centromin collector trucks in the Cochabamba sector located at Huancayo 9 km from La Oroya.

People do not help with the cleaning and often throw trash on the streets, canals and in the Mantaro and Yauli rivers. There are no containers (cylinders or bags) to receive trash along the streets (Pictures 2.3.1113 and 2.3.1113 A).

Residents at La Oroya Antigua have created a spot for trash concentration on the Mantaro riverbank.

In the area known as H u a n c k in the Huancayo road 3 km from the complex, there are the Zinc ferrites and Copper and Lead deposits. There is an abandoned Arsenic Trioxide deposit 12km from the complex and another used by the same sector in the Antahuaro Hacienda Area (Vado).

La Oroya Urban Area Treatment - Roads As to roads, La Oroya has two land systems (roads and railroad). They turn La Oroya into a strategic area in the central mountains since from here the road branches to the central amazon area (Huinuco, Tingo Maria, Pucallpa) via Cerro de Pasco, the other side of the Mantaro valley mountain range (Jauja, Huancayo, Huancavelica), and the Chancharnayo valley via Tarma. Currently, the railroad system (ENAFER - PERU S.A.) carries freight to Lima while the Company (CMP) transports its own freight (concentrated, minerals and machines) between Cerro de Pasco and La Oroya.

As for urban area treatment, La Oroya plans to study and implement (September 1997) a land variant in the 156km of Central Highway in a place known as Pachachaca. This variant will directly connect Lima with Cerro de Pasco, skipping La Oroya.

Transport, Communication, Housing and Construction Ministry has the respective financing for the aforesaid Project which is part of the Central Highway Rehabilitation between Santa Anita (Lima) bridge and Tingo Maria (Huinuco) including La Oroya route.

Radio, TV and Telephone Communications With regard to communications and entertainment, La Oroya has two TV channels and one station. Some sectors such as Tambo de Sol have a dish antenna.

There are five radio broadcasters, two of which reach the Junin population.

Telefonica del Peru Company has planned the expansion and improvement of Direct Dial Up Service. On the other hand, CMP has a private central telephone and fax communications interconnecting all its branches and encampments including the Lima and Callao branches.

Dinners, entertainment and training There is a total of 25 sport fields in the city where the most of which are in a fairly well- maintained state. There are also 9 parks for children.

La Oroya lacks green areas for quiet entertainment (parks and plazas). The La Oroya Antigua Golf Course is the only area for open field recreation.

-There are seven dining restaurants -In addition, the company promotes Entertainment programs for workers and relatives when holidays arrive, through its Social Service department.

The Social Service office offers the following courses: Family Income Planning, Healthcare, Food and Sanitary Control, Housing Use and Cattle Raising, Family Relationship, Mother-son Healthcare, Health Campaigns, Organization and Leadership.

On the otlier hand, there are worker training courses for different levels and specialties: Administration, Security, Environment, Human Relationships, technical specialties (Metallurgical, Mechanical, etc.) .

As for social projection in La Oroya, the Public Relations Department enjoys good and adequate relations with different public and private institutions in the area.

2.4 Interesting Human Environment

2.4.1 Archaeological Resources La Oroya has no known archaeological resources and is only an access point to the

culturally rich resources observed in Tarma, Jauja and Huancayo areas.

2.4.2 Protected Natural Areas La Oroya has no protected natural areas in its region and is only an access point to the

National Parks such as the Hauyllay Stone Woods, Cerro de Pasco and. Junin National Reserve around Chinchaycocha Lake (Junin Lake). The Junin Lake is the country's second largest lake and is located on the Junin Plateau north of the La Oroya region. The Yauli thermal baths are close to the area.

2.4.3 Interesting Scientific and Tourist Places La Oroya is an access point to the Coast-Sierra-Amazon Circuit extending from Lima

to Tarma and the Chanchamayo Valley. The other tourist route toward Mantaro valley has guided visits to Ocopa Convent, which dates back to colonial times.

CENTROMIN PERU DlRECClON DE ASUNTOS AMBIENTALES

TABLE 2.2.2 12

ANALlTlC RESULTS OF NATURAL WATER FLOW THROUGH LA OROYA

Period : January - June 1996 Laboratory : Analitiw de Centromin Peni S.A. Source : Control Sampling Information

ILMP, Water Type Ill I I I 1 5 - 9 1 I 1 5.00 1 0.10 1 400.00 ( 1 0.20 1 0.05 10.50 ( 1.00 1 0.50 1 0.10 125.001 I I Nola: lnformation given by arithmetic averages

,.. .,, . ' . ' . I I . . , . , ; .

-.-. .~; ,. -, $;-$ ,.,, I . -. . . d I.: -..-.s, ;-; .:..., lirie;LLA ,.,,> :-.,:,, , : 7 , . . . , , , ,.::. -:;, , . i>

< . . . . , .; ,,, ..; ,. .. < ,.. ... j - , : u ,T.-.

' I -.-~:d C .--=.r.--d k k,b:-.-,, ,d hii.ilL'i& , , , . . . , Qi;ifi3i;+j ,,bx:z,-.y

OMI IN PI3dI S.A. DIRECQdN DE ASUMTOS AMBIEWALES

TABLE 2.1.611

SOIL ANALYSIS LABORATORY: UNlVERSlDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA - LA MOLINA

Huaynacancha Bajo

Huaynacancha Bajo

Huaynacancha Medio

Huaynacancha Medio Huaynacancha Alto

Huaynacancha Alto

Huaynacancha 2 Bajo

Huaynacancha 2 Bajo

Huaynacancha 2 Medio

Huaynacancha 2 Medio Huaynacancha 2 Alto

Huaynacancha 2 Alto

Huari

Huari

Oroya Antigua

Oroya Antigua

Oroya Antigua Pantedn

Oroya Antigua Panteon CuadrosXLS; Tabla 2.1.6 1 1

Surface

Surface

Surface

Surface Surface

Subsurface

Surface

Subsurface

Surface

Subsurface Surface

Subsurface

Surface

Subsurface

Surface

Subsurface

Surface

Subsurface

HCIB-A

HCIB-B

HCIM-A

HCIM-B HCIA-A

HCIA-B

HC2B-A

HC2B-B

HC2M-A

HC2M-B HC2A-A

HC2A-B

HRI-AS

HRI-BSb

OA-A

OA-B

OAP-A

OAP-B

0.59

0.39

0.64

0.42 1.33

0.59

2.09

0.73

0.57

0.38 0.57

0.47

0.29

0.47

2.33

0.82

0.83

1.22

66

76

76

56 72

78

70

64

72

66 80

76

80

74

68

50

44

46

32

20

20

30 26

20

28

30

26

26 12

16

20

20

26

38

36

32

2

4

4

14 2

2

2

6

2

8 0

8

0

6

6

12

20

22

Sandy Loam

Loamysand

Loamy sand

Sandy Loam Sandy Loam

Loamy sand

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

Loamy Sand

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

Loam

Loam

Loam

3.5

3.7

7

8 3.5

3.7

3.4

3.7

3.5

4 3.5

3.9

3.5

4.3

7.2

7.9

6.2

7.5

0

0

9.32

21.89 0

0

0

0

0

0 0

0

0

0

54.26

22.84

0

0

1.62

2.36

2.06

0.59 1.77

1.32

2.21

1.47

1.77

0.88 1.47

1.47

3.1

2.06

1.47

2.06

1.62

1.32

46.4

6.9

37.0

11.6 18.2

6.0

57.7

19.1

18.2

3.1 12.5

3.1

35.1

4.1

88.7

69.9

37.0

33.0

268

349

235

79 92

84

221

235

396

680 396

319

652

574

695

850

1179

811

. TABLE No 2.1.4 1 3 AIR QUALITY AT THE MONITORING STATIONS OF METALLURGIC COMPLEX OF LA OROYA

GAS ANALYSIS S Q AND DUST PERIOD: Jan - Dec. I995

TABLA No 2.1.4 13A AIR QUALITY AT THE MONITORING STATIONS OF METALLURGlC COMPLEX OF LA OROYA

GAS ANALYSIS S Q AND DUST PERIOD: Jan - Dee. 1 996

Monitoring Stallons

1. Hotel Inca 2. Cushurupampa 3. Worker Unlon

4. Hunchin 5. Casnncrn

Peruvian Norm

World Bank

Canadian Nonnr

USA Nonns

Notes: (I) Daily arlthmeUc m e ~ n concentraUon (2) Annu l gmmetrlc mean concentraiion (3) Arsenic concentration In 30 mln.( only once a year). (4) Annul arlthmetlc m a n concentration

N/D = Not determined standard

SO, : ppb Max. Max. Annual 1 hr 24 hrs ' ~ v e r ?

1253 69 40 1038 61 40

1392 99 69 1578 529 153 loo0 56 28

N/D 200' 60'

NID 191 ' 38'

344 115' 23'

NID 139' 31 '

Monitoring StaUons

1. Hotel Inca 2. Cushurupampa

3. Labor Union 4. Huanchhn 9. Casnncra

Peruvian Norm World Bank

CanadIan N o m USA Norm

SO, : ppb Max. Max. Annu l

I hr 24 hra' ~ v e r ?

1157 79 1047 61

1836 238 1836 238 loo0 57

N D 200' 60'

NID 191 ' 38'

344 115' 23'

NID 139' 31'

PM-10: lrglm' Max. Max. Annual I hr 24 hra' ~ver.'

709.0 59.6 42.9 NID NID NID 579.0 50.8 43.9

NID NID NID NID NID NID

N/D N/D NID NID NID N/D

NID NID NID

NID NID NID

MPS: Cglm' Max. Max. Annual I hr 24 hrs ' Average ' NID 214 112 NID NID NID

NID 349 138 NID NID NID NID NID NID

NID 350' I50 ' NID 260' 75

NID NID NID NID 150' 50 '

MetalUc ~ontent:~glm' As Pb Cd

2 4 h n ' 24 h n ' 24 hra ' 0.3 0.3 0.01 1 0.2 0.2 0.007

1.1 1.3 0.024 7.6 11.7 0.394 0.2 0.1 0.014

6.0 ' 0.5 ' NID

PM-10: pglm' Max. Max. Annual

I h r 24hrs' ~ver.'

29 1 27

0 0 1084 60

0 0 0 0

N/D N/D NJD NID NID NID NID NID NID.

NID NID NID

Wind Speed: d s Max. Min. Aver.

NID NID NID

8.4 0.0 1.8 NID NID NID 8.4 0.1 2.0 NID NID NID

NID NID NID NID NID NID

NID NID NID

NID NID NID

MPS: Pglm' Max. Max. Annual I h r 2 4 h n ' Avenge '

NID 165 NID 86

NID 294 NID 294 NID 123

N/D 350' 150 ' NID 260' 75 NID N/D NID

NID ISO' SO '

M&lUc ~ontenl:~glm' Aa Pb Cd

24hm ' 24hra ' 24hrs ' 0.4 0.505 0.0 18

0.1 0.158 0.006

0.6 0.778 0.018 1.7 2.941 0.137 0.1 0.069 0.009

6.0 ' 0.5 ' NID

Wind Speed: d s Max. Min. Aver.

NID NID NID 8.5 0.0 1.4

NID NID NID 9.3 0.1 1.7 NID NID NID

NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID NID

< . -

CENTROMIN P E A ~ 8 A E C C ~ N DE ASUN~OS AMBIENTALES

ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA INDUSTRIAL Y DE CONSUMO DOMESTIC0 - CENTROMIN PERU - LA OROYA

Uso Industrial 27 203 Ipm Uso dom6stico 11 087 Ipm

(IEMS APA 1707 Ipm

Uso industrial 3 601 Ipm Uso domdstico

SESQUICENTENARIO CASAS OROYA

HOTEL INCA

Campamentos: Sudcto, Cantagallo, Calle Lima, Alto PerSt, Plomos, Huaymanta, FUNDICION

DIABRAMA 2.1;211

C E N T K O M I N P E R U I . A .

D I R B C C I O N D E A I U N T O S A M B I E N T A L E S

I D i r e c c i b a : 1 0 % i2

D I A G R A M A 2 . 1 . 3 / 2 A

R O S A D E V I E N T O S - P R O M E D I O A N U A L 1 9 9 5

E S T A C I O N F U N D I C I O N

E S C A L A S

V e l o c i d r d : 1 m l s - n : - - . . . . : ~ - . i n u

Direcci6n

Velocidad mlsg

Frecuencia %

N

0.9

13,1

NNE

O,8

6,3

NE

0,9

19,6

ENE

1,O

4,O

E

0.9

5.7

ESE

0.8

1,O

SE

1,l

12,O

SSE

1,O

4,s

S

1,0

5.8

SSO

0,7

2,O

SO

1,O

3.6

OSO

1,1

2,O

0

0,9

1,;

ON0

1.1

1,7

NO

0,9

6,3

NNO

1,O

3.3

C

02

0,4

V

1.3

0,6

TOTAL

Prom09 d s

100 %

, . Temperatura Ambientd: O C DIAGRAMA 2.1.3 / 3

Estaci6n Meteorol6gica de Fundicibn

Hora 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PERIODO: Ene - Dic 1995 Mhimo Minimo Promedio 11,o -0,so 5,9 10,s -2,oo 5,s 10,s -2,oo 581 10,s -3,OO 4 3 10,s -3,50 4,4 10,O 4 , O O 4,2 ll,o . -4,oo 4,6 14,O -3.00 6 3 18,O 5,o 10,9 21,O 8.5 13,s 23,s 9,o 15,2 25,O 9,s 16,3 26,O 9,o 16,s 25,O 9,o 15,4 24,O 7,o 14,l 23,O 6 0 12,7 20,o J,O 142 17,O 4 0 9,9 15,o 480 Y,0 13,O 5,o 8,j 12,s 5,O 7,9 11,s 3DO 7,3 11,o 2,o 6,8 11,o 1 ,o 6 4

TEMPERATUM AMBIENTAL: O C Estaci6n Meteorolbgica de Fundici6n

30,O

25,O

20,o

9 . . 2 15,O 3

E 4 2 - Minimo

8 10,o E l-

5,o

0,o

-5,OO

Horas del Dla

MAX. 26,O 10.0 16,6 Min. 10.0 -4,OO 4 2 Prom. 15.3 4,s 9,3

Aneso E

D I A G R A M A 2 . 1 . 3 1 1

F O S A D E V I E N T O S - P R O M E D I O A N U A L 1 9 9 5

1 ESTACION H U A N C H A N

I E S C A L A S

I I I

3.0 OVERV53W OF METALLURGIC OPERATIONS

Due to its polymetallic material processing, the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex is one of the four largest and most important complexes around the world, and its technology should be compared to that of the following international complexes:

- Union Minere Group HOBOKEN from Belgium - Boliden Minerals ROONSKAR from Sweden, and - DOWA Mining from Japan

The particular processes and operations performed at the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex highlight the Environmental Impact Program (known as PAMA) within the mining-metallurgic sector.

3.1 Features

This complex has three integrated and simultaneous circuits (copper, lead, and zinc) which enable it to rely on a high synergetic potential.

In 1995, 255109 tons of copper concentrate, 191575 tons of lead concentrate and 154710 tons of zinc concentrate were processed.

These types of concentrate, particularly copper, are polymetallic with high precious metals and impurity contents, which are subjected to pyro, hydro and electrometallurgical processes to obtain refined metal. There are also plants to recover the subproducts from the processing of the copper, lead and zinc concentrates. Eleven metal elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, Ag, Bi, Se, Te, Cd, In and Sb) and nine chemical subproducts (copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, sulfuric acid, oleum, arsenic trioxide, zinc dust, sodium bisulfite, zinc oxide and zinc-silver concentrate) are obtained.

The La Oroya Metallurgic Complex has undergone some changes, and new processes have been added as described in section " 1.4 Short historyn in Chapter 1.

3.2 Installed Capacity and Production Increase

Table 2.1 shows changes in installed capacity and a short-term production increase thanks to some improvements in processes and the PAMA. Table 3.212 summarizes production of refined metal and subproducts from 1965 to 1995.

3.3 Raw Material Treated at Smelting Circuits

The name, origin and mineralogical characteristics of concentrates, belonging to the company as well as to national and international private companies and used as raw material for operations for La Oroya operaitons, are listed below.

3.3.1 Copper Concentrates

a) CENTROMIN PERU S.A. Copper Concentrates

Based on the microscopic survey of copperconcentrate samples coming from the plants of Toromocho, Morococha, Mahr Tunel, Yauricocha, Cobriza, and Cerro de Pasco, the following minerals have been found:

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) Covellite (CuS) Pyrrhotite (Fe 1-XS) Cuprite (Cu20) Native Copper (Cu) Chalcosite (Cu2S) Tetrahedrite (Cu3SbSg) Sphalerite (ZnS) Limonite (Fe203nH20) Gangue (Si02 + rock) Bornite (CuSFeS4) Pyrite (FeS2) Galena (PbS) Magnetite (Fe304)

b) Copper Concentrates of National Private Companies

Based on the microscopic survey of copperconcentrate samples coming from national private companies such as Chungar, Cormin, Cemento de Plata de Cormin, Perla, Minera Hill, Atacocha, Austria Duvaz, Santa Rita, Nor Peni, Cerro Verde, Sayapullo, Algamarca, Huaron, Raura, Cemento de Cobre Sogem, CIA Minera Casapalca, Cajamarquilla Concentrado de Cobre, BHL Peni and Tintaya, the following minerals have been found:

Tetrahedrite (Cu3SbS3) Pyrite (FeS2) Pyrrhotite (Fe 1-XS) Galena (PbS) Molybdenite (MoS2) Malachite (Cu2C03 (OH)2) Gangue (SiO2 + rock) Chalcopyrite (CuFeS;?) Covellite (CuS) Enargite (Cu3AsSq) Sphalerite (ZnS)

Cuprite (Cu20) Limonite (Fe203nH20) Native Copper (Cu) Chalcosite (Cu2S) Bornite (CuSFeS4) Tennantite (Cu3AsS3) Chrysocolla (CuSiO3nH20) Magnetite (Fe304)

c) Copper Concentrates of International Private Companies

Based on the microscopic survey of copper-concentrate samples coming from international private companies such as El Indio, polvo de cobre El Indio, RST- Australia, Lepanto, Samsung , MC I1 MINYIKAMTIN, Gerald Chileno, Chuquimata, and Clarendon - AYSSA, the following minerals have been found:

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) Galena (PbS) Cuprite (Cu20) Limonite (Fe203nH20) Gangue (Si% + rock) Bornite (CuSFeS4) Covellite (CuS) Tetrahedrite (Cu3SbS3) Digenite (Cu2-XS) Arsenopyrite (FeAsS) Pyrrhotite (Fe 1-XS) Sphalerite (ZnS) Molybdenite (MoS2) Chrysocolla (CuSi03nH20) Magnetite (Fe304) Hematite (Fe203) Native Copper (Cu) Chalcosite (Cu2S) Enargite (Cu3AsSq) Pyrite (FeS2) Malachite (Cu2C03(0H)2)

3.3.2 Lead Concentrates

a) CENTROMIN PERU S.A. Lead Concentrates

Based on the microscopic survey of lead-concentrate samples coming from the plants of Andaychagua, Paragsha, Casapalca, Morococha, San Expedite, Yauricocha and Mahr Tunel, the following minerals have been found:

Sphalerite (ZnS) Tetrahedrite (Cu3SbS3) Gangue (SiO2 + rock) Galena (PbS) Pyrite (FeS2) Arsenopyrite (FeAs2) Chalcopyrite (CuFeS) Hematite (Fe203)

b) Lead Concentrates of Private Companies

Based on the microscopic survey of leadconcentrate samples coming from private companies such as Serminco, Ayssa, B.H.L. ,Transrnine/Yauli, Huaron, Uchuchacua, Buenaventura, etc., the following minerals have been found:

Sphalerite (ZnS) Arsenopyrite (FeAsS) Pyrrhotite (Fe 1-XS) Galena (PbS) Proustite (3Ag2S.As2S3) Alabandite (MnS) Pyrite (FeS2) Gangue (Si02 + rock) Arcanite (K2SO4) Tetrahedrite (Cu3SbS3) Bolnite (CuSFeS4)

3.3.3 Zinc Concentrates

a) CENTROMIN PERU S.A. Zinc Concentrates

Based on the microscopic survey of zincconcentrate samples coming from the plants of Mahr Tune1 and Paragsha, the following minerals have been found:

Pyrite. (FeS2) Marcasite (FeS2) Calcite (CaC03) Arsenopyrite (FeAsS)

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) Magnetite (Fe3O4) Covellite (CuS) Sphalerite (ZnS) Hematite (Fe2O3) Tetrahedrite (Cu3SbS3) Gangue (Si02 + rock) Galena (PbS) Goethite (FeO-OH)

Sphalerite is the prevailing metal in samples. Likewise, pyrite is present in high percentage as free particles or interlaced with other minerals.

3.4 Overview of Production-Extraction Process

3.4.1. Copper Circuit (Figures 3.4.111 and 3.4.112)

Copper Smelting This process starts at the Preparation Plant where recycled material, fluxes and concentrates are combined (dosed) to form copper beds. This blend undergoes a process called roasting to reduce the levels of Arsenic (As) and Sulfur (S) as well as Antimony (Sb) and Lead (Pb) concentrations to a lesser extent. Cottrell electrostatic precipitators recover particulate solids contained in process smoke. Arsenic trioxide, which is the product obtained at this plant; is separated from metallurgic processes and transported in bulk to a warehouse in Vado. Due to the low quality of arsenic trioxide produced and the restricted market for such material, this produce is stored and not sold on the intertional market.

Calcine, a product of roasting, is then smelted in a reverberatory furnace with oxy- fuel burners. At this point, metallic sulfides (FeS and Cu2S) in calcine are separated from gangue, which produces a copper matte, suitable to be loaded and processed into converters. Gangue is unloaded through oppositely placed openings that lead towards horizontal burners, then granulated with high-pressure water and, finally, transported to the Gangue Warehouse in Huanchin. Water used in granulation reaches a flow speed of 694 liters per second and is unloaded into the Mantaro river. This situation will be eliminated when a Recycling System, currently being on its final stage of evaluation, is implemented.

Once the matte goes to the converters, air is injected to generate ferrous oxides that react with silica producing gangue, which is sent back to the reverberatory .furnace. During the next stage, cuprous sulfide is oxidized by air producing blister copper, which is then transferred to a retention furnace to be molded as anode. A molding turntable is now being installed and will use atomized water, which will then enable a better physical status of anodes and a reduction in industrial water used to cool them.

Cottrell precipitators recover solids contained in emissions produced during smelting

and conversion stages. SO;? gas is vented away through the main chimney.

Copper Reflning In this process, blister copper anodes coming from copper smelting undergo electrolysis to obtain a refined copper cathode that is sold as cathode or smelted and molded as wire bar.

Electrolyte is bled off daily. 30000 liters per day are separated to maintain the suitable level of impurities for the process. The solution is saturated by evaporation or by adding refined copper scrap to sell copper sulfide. 75% of this solution is sent back as electrolyte, and the remaining 25% undergoes cementation with iron scrap to recover copper. The stripped acid solution is discharged, untreated, into the Yauli river. A new circuit to extract solvents is under study to prevent pollution of this river. Anode muds are treated at the Anodic Residue Plant.

Asarco Furnace Refined copper cathodes obtained in electrolytic cells are washed and smelted in an Asarco furnace. The metal is molded in different forms: wire bars, slabs, ingots, channels and molds. Before being poured into the Yauli river, cooling water passes through decantation pools and jute-panel filtration to minimize TSS concentrations.

Wire-rod Mill Copper bars are hot rolled until they become black 5/16" wire-rods and 6.55-mm diameter triple-threaded wire.

There is a SALEM annealing kiln fueled with diesel oil. 14 wire drawing revolving drums are used to reduce the bar thickness.

3.4.2 Lead Circuit (Figures 3.4.211 and 3.4.212)

Lead Smelting This process starts at the Preparation Plant where recycling material, fluxes and concentrates are dosed to form lead beds. Lead beds are treated at the Lead Agglomeration Plant where a process called up-draft roasting reduces sulfur content and generates sinter, a material holding suitable physical characteristics to pass through blast furnaces.

The fine material originated by this process is retrieved by bag filters, and particles from emissions are regained by Cottrell precipitators.

Thick-lead sinter is smelted in blast furnaces using coke, a reducer, and fuel and some iron scrap to prevent formation of magnetite and loss of metals (Pb, Ag) in gangue. The final product is called hearth lead.

After being separated from hearth lead, gangue is granulated by high-pressure water

and then is transported to the Gangue Warehouse in Huanchan. As in the case of the copper circuit, water used in this process is poured into the Mantaro river.

Hearth lead is transported to receiving pots in which it is scummed. The dross is loaded into a reverberatory furnace where copper matte, speiss (Cu-AS) and bullion lead are separated. Bullion lead is sent back to the receiving pots to be mixed with clean hearth lead. This mixture is decoppered in order to eliminate impurities (Cu, As and Sb).

Once decoppered, lead is boiled and pumped into pots at 350-38PC at the molding plant to make anodes using two horizontal turntables.

Lead Reflning Boiling lead with Antimony (Sb), Bismuth (Bi) and Silver (Ag) content is electrolytically refrned by a modified Betts process at the Huaymanta refinery.

When electrolysis is completed, corroded anodes hold insoluble impurities, and the occluded eletrolyte must be retrieved. Then, mud is swept away using pressured water (35000 liters per day) and pulp is sent to a Larox automatic filter. An anode- mud cake with a moisture content of 27% is obtained and is ready to be sent to the Anodic Residue Plant. Solution coming from Larox filter is recycled to the lead- refining circuit.

At the end of cathodic winning, cathodes pass from winning cells to scrubbing tanks so electrolyte can be retrieved and cathodes will be smelted in one of the three 160- tons capacity pots using oil as fuel. Molten lead is heated up to 45WC and vigorously stirred with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to scum remaining arsenic, antimony and tin. Refrned lead is molded in 46-kg bars to be sold.

Hydrofluosilic acid required for electrolysis is made by a calcium fluoride (CaF2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reaction. After condensation, hydrofluosilic acid reacts with fine silica (Si02) in a reactor. Solid residue (CaS04) is directly unloaded into the Yauli river. A warehouse for this subproduct is under study.

Anodic Residue Plant This plant processes anode muds from the Copper and Lead refineries to obtain dark (Ag-Au) and other subproducts such as bismuth, selenium and tellurium.

The plant consists of two reverberatory furnaces for mud smelting and one reverberatory furnace to reduce bismuth gangue; four converters; three cupels; seven bismuth pots; and Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy sections to retrieve selenium and tellurium respectively.

Silver Refinery This refinery electrolytically processes dorC (Ag-Au) to separate silver from gold. 124 THUM cells are available here. 3.4.3 Zinc Circuit (Figure 3.4.311)

Roasting Zinc concentrates from Paragsha and Mahr Tune1 are processed in three Fluid Bed Roasters (FBR) and one Turbulent Layer Roaster (TLR). Part of the zinc concentrates is mixed with zinc oxide dust retrieved by the main Cottrell precipitator, and then precipitated using sulfuric acid. Concentrates are later processed in the three Fluid Bed Roasters to obtain calcined pellets, which in turn are sent to the Grinding and Casting Unit. The final product is stored in silos at the Leaching Unit. Leaching The main objective of this stage is to dissolve the zinc oxide and zinc sulfate found in calcine.

Leaching occurs inside stirring tanks into which stripped electrolyte and fine calcine are unloaded. Iron reacts with manganese bioxide and precipitates, along with As, Sb and other impurities, as an insoluble compound called zinc ferrite.

Before being sent to the Solid Separation Unit, pulp is sorted out in a hydrocyclone to separate the thick fraction (+I00 mesh), which is sent back to the first leaching reactor.

The impure solution (overflow) is separated from the residues (underflow) at the Separation Plant. Residues are washed and fdtered to assure maximum extraction of zinc sulfate.

The residue (zinc ferrite) is sent to the Flotation Plant in which zinc and silver concentrates are recovered. One part of the remaining residue (zinc ferrite) is treated at the Zinc Leaching Residues Treatment (Zileret) Plant and the other is sent as pulp to the Huanchain warehouse for eventual treatment.

Purification The impure solution of zinc sulfate is diverted to the Purification Unit in which impurities such as copper, cadmium, arsenic and antimony are precipitated using zinc dust. This solution is then fdtered; the residue is sent to the Cadmium Plant and a purified solution passes to the Electrolysis Unit. The electrolysis of the zinc sulfate solution is performed using an aluminum cathode and a lead-silver anode. At the end of a 16-hour electrowinning stage, cathodes are removed from cells, and electrolytic zinc is delaminated and sent to an induction furnace for smelting.

Smelting and Molding Electrolitically-obtained zinc cathodes are smelted and molded in 26-kg ingots to be sold. A 400-tons-perday capacity Magmathermic Induction Furnace (AJAX) is available here.

A

Flotation - : 5 a 4 -

All leached zinc residues go through the flotation cells to retrieve zinc and silver sulfides, which are sold as concentrates.

Zinc leached residues (1 15 tons per day), except sulfides, are distributed as follows: 50 tons per day for the Zileret Plant and 65 tons per day to the store ponds in Huanchan, 3 kilometers from the metallurgic complex.

Zinc Leaching Residue Treatment Plant (ZILERET) A part of residues (zinc ferrite) from the Leaching Plant is processed at the Zinc Leaching Residue Treatment Plant (ZILERET) where, through oxidization and reduction processes, iron is extracted as iron sponge, and copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and indium are extracted as fumes. At the Zileret Hydrometallurgy Unit, fumed oxides undergo hydrometallurgic processes to retrieve heavy metals. The lead sulfate cake, zinc sulfate solution and indium cement become final products and are respectively sent to the lead beds, the Zinc Electrolytic Plant (Leaching Unit) and the Indium Plant.

3.4.4. Related Processes

a) Sulfuric Acid Plant. Processes include: Purification of gas generated in the Zinc-Circuit Turbulent Layer Roaster. This gas enters a dry Cottrell precipitator to eliminate dust and then is sent to a scrubbing tower for cooling. Unloading water from the SO2 saturated tower passes through a gas depurator where airflow extracts most of the SO2 gas. Retrieved gas is sent back to the tower. Resulting gas goes through a mist precipitator. Once purified, the gas heads to a counterflow drying tower to extract most water vapor.

Conversion of SO;! into SO3 is performed in a converter containing several layers of catalyzing agent to speed reaction of SO2 with oxygen. When the gas leaves the converter, it goes through a cold interchanger that cools SO3 gas before it enters the Absorption System.

Cold SO3 gas absorption is achieved by dissolving it into 98.5-98.85% H2SO4 solutibn. Under these conditions, SO3 joins water in the acid at the Absorption Tower.

b) Coke Plant This plant consists of two independent, but simultaneously operating units, each with 10 coke furnaces. The coke gas is used for fueling and heating of furnaces. Coke processing proceeds as follows: Coal is unloaded from the hoppers to the hammer mill and later sent to the feeding hopper by jugs, keeping a uniform granule size.

Material is loaded onto each horizontal furnace for coke processing.

- During unloading, at the end of coke processing, coke is removed from each

furnace by a so-called "spout push" and transported by a dragging chain device up to a "coke pool" where it is finally cooled by water spraying.

- Hot gases coming out of furnaces are cooled by water spraying. Tar condenses and is sent to a sedimentation tank.

- Water-free tar is sent to a copper reverberatory furnace to be used as fuel. Coke is sent to the lead smelting circuit.

c) Oxygen Plant This plant breaks liquid air into its components using their different boiling points.

To perform this operation, this industrial plant can: Compress air Vaporize moisture and carbon dioxide of air Cool air up to liquefying temperature Generate coldness Liquefy air Break air into components (rectification) Separate impurities

d) Fluorosilicic Acid Plant The fust stage in fluorosilic acid production is performed in a revolving cylindrical furnace into which calcium fluoride dust and sulfuric acid are slowly added. Temperature control is highly important because the initial reaction is violent.

Hydrofluorosilic acid gas in the furnace is ducted into a system of two condensers externally cooled with water. Flowing opposite to the gas, the water absorbs it.

~ - -

Unabsorbed gas passes from the fust condenser to the second one through a lead pipe.

Hydrofluorocsilic acid from condensers is sent to a mixing tank in which it reacts with finely granulated silica. This mixture is constantly stirred by air to produce hydrofluorosilic acid solution (H2SiF6) for the electrolyte at the Lead Refinery.

3.5 Parameters for Dust Retrieving Equipment, Gas Emission and Liquid Effluent Monitoring

The La Oroya Metallurgic Complex has a Control Test Section at the Process Control Department that is responsible for the following:

- Measuring emissions from the concrete chimney, reverberatory furnace for lead spuming, copper reverberatory furnace, Zileret Plant kiln and coke furnaces.

- Controlling dust temperature, suction force, volume and loss in the various smelting ducts (converters, agglomeration, copper reverberatory furnace, lead furnaces, spuming, copper and zinc roasters, hot Cottrell precipitator efficiency, sulfuric acid plant, arsenic and anodic Cottrell precipitators efficiency, anodic reverberatory furnace ventilation

system, concrete chimney, and copper reverberatory furnace chimney).

- Operating and handling automatic dust sampling devices installed in several ducts of the smelting, copper reverberatory furnace, converters, agglomeration, concrete chimney and copper roaster units.

- Measuring suction force and temperature of copper reverberatory furnace and arsenic cooking devices.

- Measuring gas volume in coke furnaces.

- Measuring rainfall, from data provided by weather stations in La Oroya and Mayupampa.

- Measuring barometric pressure, hourly environment temperature and relative humidity in La Oroya.

- Measuring flow and samples of the 40 liquid effluent monitoring points.

- Controlling and picking data from equipment located in Huanchrin: percentage of S@, high volume particulate material, and wind speed and direction. At Sindicato de Obreros Station: percentage of S@ and higwlow volume particulate material. In Casaracra: percentage of SO2 and high volume particulate material. In Inca Hotel: percentage of SO2 and higwlow volume particulate material. At Cushuruparnpa substation: percentage of S@, high volume particulate material, and wind speed and direction.

3.6 Support ActivitiesEacilities for Oprations

3.6.1. Power-Generating Plants

Centrornin Peni has four hydroelectric centers generating 183.4 Mw of power. Yaupi hydroelectric plant: 108.0 Mw La Oroya hydroelectric plant: 9.0 Mw

' Malpaso hydroelectric plant: 54.4 Mw Pachachaca hydroelectric plant: 12.0 Mw The La Oroya Metallurgic Complex and workers' houses use 63.0 Mw.

3.6.2. Analytic Laboratory The La Oroya Analytic Laboratory performs chemical analysis using modern instrumental analysis techniques as well as traditional methods. This laboratory is equipped with X-ray devices, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray spectrometry, UV VIS, colorimetry, and emission spectrography. Three generations of emission spectrography devices have successively been used. A Varian 20 BQ PLUS Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer with a graphite oven and a VGA-76 hydride generator are currently used for analysis of environmental samples.

Centrornin Pen5 S.A. Analytic Laboratory was registered as participant of the Programa de Capacitacion Analitica (Analytic Training Program) in the Programa de Monitoreo (Monitoring Program) established by D.S. Ng 016-93-EM and its amrnendment D.S. Ne 059-93-EM. This laboratory was also registered to complete laboratory performance diagnostic stipulated by the Programa de Monitoreo de Calidad de Agua, Aire y Emisiones (Water, Air and Emission Quality Monitoring Program). Analysis of samples from the "Estudio 01 de Evaluation de Desempeiio" (Study 1 of Performance Evaluation) has by now been made as asked by the Direction General de Asuntos Ambientales de MEM (General Bureau of Environmental Affairs of the Ministery of Energy and Mines).

3.6.3. Workshops

Repair, structural, garage, instmental, mechanic, electric, security and electronic workshops are in operation.

3.6.4. Industrial and Potable Water

Sources of water supply are: - Tishgo river: water for household and industrial use. Some water is used by

Empresa Municipal de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de la Oroya (EMSAPA. Potable Water and Sewerage La Oroya Municipal Utility).

- Cuchimachay: Industrial water. Water for EMSAPA. - Mantaro river: Industrial water. - Marcavalle well: Water for EMSAPA. - Pichjapuqio spring: water for EMSAPA.

3.6.5. Sewerage and Waste Handling

The volume of waste water unloaded from residential areas run by the company as well as from the various production and service plants is estimated at 227 liters per second. At the smelter, two septic tanks are available for sewage water treatment.

There are two types of wastes: industrial and household. Industrial trash is treated in two incinerators lbcated at the smelter and at the copper and lead refineries. Domestic garbage is picked up from the houses belonging to the company by trucks and is transported to Cochabamba, nine kilometers from La Oroya. This kind of garbage undergoes no treatment.

, -

i !

, !

i .

Con Centromin 125 93 (30,1%)

Conc.Partlculares 122 m (29,3".()

Fundentes

RecircJTransf.

MIscelaneos

PREARCION

Cu : 4S'0:: 1.

117 319 (28

4839(11 5%)

4517 ( 1,1%)

Cama

33 165

DlRECTO A TOSTAORECa, 190Polvo Dueto TostCu 1128Esona Fri DIRECTO A REERO (t)

SpeissPolve Dto.Tost.Esoria tria conv..Cal.

Pint.

354371

522119

Produc.netCu blister

72 ZT (neto)

DIAGRAMA 3. 1/1

DIVSION FUICION DE COBREENERO-DICIEMBRE 1995

(tonelaas metrfca ses)

P:ig. 67

CHIMENEA PRINCIPAL

Paivpedido2447Gas

612

GaseCOTTo As

11 Unid:1 al5

COTT.CENTR

Unld:1 al 21Ingre.:

78 30

Polves

TOSTADRES COBRE 11 32

Petroleo Opera: 1 Reverb.Oxlgeno

Mat198

CONT/CORES

Esoria Pierce Smith107 189 ConVS:1,23-,5y 6

AJre Opa :3- Conv.

Tost: 1 al 12Opea: 5 tostd.

promelo

TOST.de AsCalci de Cu+DlreaosTost: 16:18

Opera: 16Calcina de As

18919

Polves Unid.16:21REVERO:

-- coria219

As!o3 AsIVenta St.Vado

'Z 4 597 tPOlvs Unid. 9:12

Cama de Silic

51 68

DIRECTO A CONVTICORES (t)

- Mata- Loos Wberadoras- Ceentos- MineraUAu- Mat de Soa- Oxido Cu alambron-Silce- Esponja Fe- Descos, etc

Produc.bruaCu blister54 78

MOLDEO

Ma.: 1,2 etroreo

J+lreOpea; 1 rnq.

P'UNCUH;aP'C

Polvo

Recuperado

total:75 85

Pt Tost Zn

Unid. 1:3

Pt.Aglomeracion

Un/d. 4: 8

Homos de Plomo

Unid. 13:15

365

DIAGRAMA 3.4.112 - REFINERIA DE COBRE

ENERO - DICIEMBRE 1995 ->

(toneladas m i h i a s secas)

b b r e bllster 2

de Fundldon : 68 060 Aditlvos Cola = 0,047 kg 1 t 7

bbrebllster Thiourea= 0,065 k g t 1 net0 tratado : 52 146

i

Intercambiador

HCI 0.1 33 K g i ~ - 7 J

Electroliio 3 473 251 1 P'Jlpr Celdas Eiectrolttlcas -

Derrames Electroiiio Agua de

7 bajo Cu lavado p dd piso

i v i

t Ciitodos L 3 60 559 - Sedlmentador +-

Tanques ,? s ,

" Celda Likradora 1 049 Mmerclales

o Desecho secc. - > I c lodos a Fund.

convertldoras

P 265

Neutralizador

flbada a tanques cornerciales

Cernento de Lodo a Ra

ResldAn6dicos 798

Banas para alarnbron

17 885 recirculaci6n

Canales+Pechos

Tanquec . Desecho de Soluclon agua madre Almacen

- Barras Cu (exp.) Tanque de 22 000 1 I dla

preciprtaclon 2 T 354 3 Tapones

Alambr6n 4 16 568 (de 5-11 C)

17 REFCUS6.OFC

~ m ( d e ~ 6 j

DIAGRAMA 3.4.211

DIVISION FUNDICION DE PLOMO

ENERO-DICIEMBRE 1995

(Tomladas mhrfos) CHIMENEA PRINCIPAL

A

bnrCHltromin 157 660 (51 .O%)

ConrPartlculares 28 DU ( 9,m) Coque flno Unid. 4:s

- Fundentn 71 14(=) 1914 1 Rccirdfrand. 4!5 45229 (14,6%) i

Alre Mlsccl6mos Carb6n Prodcco

u A 4Unid:

6 964 ( a) i16:n Aire 48 755 funid: i

Gases /13:15 f

I - PREPARACION AGLOMERACION PLANTA DE COQUE

C a m b 1 mPq.Lurgl c Petrbleo 2 Merias

Cams : 2a3.34 3 x S m 1506 i M Area Roc1 62 m2 10 Homoshateria I

Pdvos i

Sinter flno 5486 Sint

12s t ~ h gw- C o v e gnreso I

I v ! Scrap Fe i

PLANTAS : Homos : 1.23 Local

PetrWeo Zleret I

745 Opera : 2 Homos Aglomwacion Espumaje

I Ru. W i c o s Plomo de obra Antimonio

Scrap Pb de Ref. Pb. Otros

I REV. DE ESPUMA Petroleo Ese.Refineria

ESPUMA OE PLOMO OLLAS DE ESWMADO

Reverb.: 1 23(#

m 335 =L__ cia- I I

MOLDEO

Plomo bulkjn Tomamesas: 2

96 655 Ollas:2(120tclu)

j

. . I

I

Polvos

Petr6ko -

Knt - 4

Pb decoperizado

Olbs:7(lPlclu)

PLOMO RECIRCULADO

Cob Goulrc (0.53 KOR) (0,s~ KM)

DLAGRAMA 3.4.212 REFINERlA DE PLOMO

Eh'ERO - DICIEMBRE 1995 (toncl.&s mehkrs seas)

Anodos de Pb dc la Fund dc Pb.: 181 On

I

L Anodos defcctuoaos devutnos: 614

Acldo fluorsillcico I ~cct ro l i to 3 de Pbnta Ldmims de ananque 1 3 3

Acldo 7

gasfado PLrdlda de kklo: m 6 lmpottado * .-3

c Poza de Occtrolio 1 53

Celdas Electrolklcss w

(6.41 k# Pb) -7 . B

'1

i' corroidos c 1

Solucldn CelQs de Lavado 7 Filtrada E

4

Lavadcro de Caballetes ' ? espaciadores

Plorno Contarninado a la Fund. : 61 9

Espurna de Plorno a .1

Fundicibn 2 341 conoidos a Fundicidn

' r, L 23

7

Tanques Espesadores

Tanques dc Banas rtchazadas Alimentxi&

Soluci6n k ida

Ref. dc Cu

1 SuHato de Plorno Lodos a Wueidn a Pta. Preparacl6n

CenWugas Tanque dt nttros ? Poza dc ResAnod. Sedimentacibn prcnsa 6 301uc16n* SedkncntiKi6n

' '

161 .3

i 4 187 (Ccldas Comcrciales) 153 (Umpieza dc ceidas). c

t l l o ~ d Al rio IIAI.

DL4GWl .A 3.4311

DIVISION REFINERlA DE ZINC ENERO - DICIEMBRE 1995

(tondadas m & h s tcus)

CONCENTRAWS TRATAWS RECEPCION DE PARAGSHA W 61 o,%a t

S q Remanema CONCENTRAWS CMP -M.TUNNEL : 56 487,049 t

OTROS :

a COILcaimaI (154 710 t Zn) -TOTAL : 156 34S.524 t

T A Chirnenea

Principal

- t H2so4 : % = a t -

P M A s q 1 T0ST.TI.R 3 TOST.FBR H u m Co(LCenh;rl

OLEUM : 6 m 7 1 0 t H2S04

NPHSOJ: -971 t Aguat -+ Unid:12 y 3 - ---+ c CALCINA

I lnd. W = 53Ud

i 183 Ud 197 Ud a Perdigonacion.39 % Al &uas lndusbiales al CAlClNA

138 440,558 t CQFTRELt.

B-3l6 t i 3 a1 Silo No 3. 7 0 % CE NlRAL ha (Canal 'C). i

? ! PLANTA UXMACION

E - SOLUClONZnSO4 (4

S C / RESIDUO C R f AHUANCHAN I i 26068.7t A

f I l a m t t n F f 12553.7t CON&-&^ l l 5 5 6 7 t Z n I N . A

19Bs.17Utal Esponja de Fe

,a amas de Pb

P w A 74S 1 229.356 t Zn I

i 5 074,655 : i

! SOLUCION ZnSOll (2861,595tZn)

G i ( 1 8BfOSStZn) i

CAOMlO PLANTA i REFINADO + 131.615 t Zn

CADMIOII -= 150.71 0 t Q Zn PLANTA ELECTROUSIS I

C E M E N ~ ~ i CADMlO 1 Catodor Zn

1-t 1 7 4 7 4 5 , m t Z n

Sol.Earren.al ana l

de Fud.Cu & Pb

2 m 5 3 6 t I I v

V Ventas ZINC REFINADO EN BARRAS EKoria a Ob-rs

Prod : 68 3fJ,S73 t Tostadorer 176.932 t pbnns 2 3 1 8 t h 740,220 t Zn

CENTROMIN PERU DlRECClON DE ASUNTOS AMBIENTALES

TABLE 3.2 1 I

POTENTIAL INCREASE POTENTIAL IN INSTALLED CAPACITIES DURING THE SHORT TERM - VIA OPTIMIZATION AND INVESTMENTS 1995-1996

(**) Capacity increase via optimization and investment

4. SUMMARY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMEMT AND ANALYSIS

The environmental impact assessment is based on reports such as : the EVAP (Preliminary Environmental Assessment), prepared with monitoring data from 1994, the Statement of Emissions and Effluent Flows based on data from 1995, the Environmental Audit of Emissions and Effluent Flows from June 1996, and the characterization of the environmental components resulting from metallurgical activities, as described in chapters II and III.

4.1 Impact Sources Three sources of impact due to metallurgical operations at La Oroya have been identified :

Gas and particles emissions Liquid effluents Solid wastes

Moreover, other environmental problems identified include: Sewage Effluents and Domestic Wastes.

4.1.1 Gas and Particles Emissions The emissions generated at the smelter circuits are discharged to the atmosphere through

the main chimney (167.5 m in height) and 95 secondary chimneys (variable heights). Of these chimneys, 33 are used for combustion gases, 39 for industrial gases and 23 for water or air steam. Tables 4.1.1/1,2 and 2A show the inventory of main emission points as well as the composition of discharged gases and and particulate matter.

In 1995 the following quantities of gases and particulate matter were discharged to the atmosphere through the main chimney : 899.8 t of SO,/day and 8.9tJday of particulates. 7.2% of the sulfur that entered the process, was fixed as sulfuric acid, 4.3% was fixed as solid wastes and 88.5% was emitted to the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide. 97% of the particulates generated in the process was recovered in the existing electrostatic precipitators, and 3 % was emitted to the atmosphere through the main chimney. The sulfur balance for 1995 is attached in the following table.

I Stack emission and fugitive emission ( 168 206,6 I 88,50 I

Zinc ferrites Main stack dust Others(CuSO,, ZnSO,, etc) Total Fixed

The emission of fugitive gases also impacts the air, but it is difficult to quantify these impacts as they ar irregular and disperse quiclq.

TABLE No. 4.1.111 GAS SOURCES AND DUST

786,5 300,2 224,7

21,863,2

Cod 1

0,41 0,16 0,12 11,50

Emission source

Main stack Secondary stack

Iron stack Coke stack - Battery "A" Coke stack - Battery "B" Bismuth Vent. System. - A.R.P. Converter Vent. System. - A.R.P. Cupelation Vent. System. - A.R.P. Vent. System Zinc roasters Emissions from refinery of Cu, Pb and others

3 I Fugitive Emissions R.P. Anodic Residues Plant

Emission height

m Treatment equipment

--

Electrostatic ~reci~itator

None None None Gas washer Bag filters

Electrostatic precipitator

Gas washer, bag filters 19 Ventilation stacks

None

a) Emissions through the Main Chimney See Tables 4.1.113 and 4.1.113A and Pictures 4.1.111 and 4.1.112.

Gas Volume and SO, Concentration The volume of gas and its respective concentration of t SO, emitted from the main

chimney in 1995 during normal operation conditions were as follows :

Plants which .generate SO,, distributed according to percentage are : - Copper Roasters 4.10% - Copper Reverberation furnace 18.31 % - Copper Converters 24.37%

Main stack Vol (m3/seg)

1 145,61 S02(mglm3)

9 379,OO

- Lead Sintering 21.83% - Lead Furnaces 4.35% - Zinc Roasters (FBR) 19.32% - Anodic Wastes 7.72%

TOTAL 100.00%

Particulate Matter The following table shows the balance of particulate matter emissions generated from

different plants and discharged through the main chimney. This table also shows the recovery efficiencies of the different electrostatic precipitators (Cottreles).

(*) Value determined by estimates

Diagram 4.1.111 shows gas and dust handling in the cottrelles.

The amount of solids emitted to the environment in 1995 was : I Metal Content I Suspended Solids I

DUST LOAD CIRCUIT COPPER

LEAD

ZINC REF. (AFW)

TOTAL

EFFICIENCY

The emissions of particulate matter was approximately 8,896 metric tons per day. These emissions are comprised of the following heavy metals:

CONDUIT Roasters Reverberatio n Converters Agglomerate Pb furnace Froth Toast. (FBR) Rever. Fus Ventilat .

ARSENIC CO'IT. CENTRAL COTT.

. I

i

Lead Arsenic Zinc Antimony Cadmium

INFLOW 32.704

32.704

94.9 %

INFLOW

25.255 62.139

1.582 15.029 2.549 90.982

197,536

%. 6%

P.R.A. COW

The statistics and graphics of gas and particulate matter emissions through the main chimney are attached in Table 4.1.113B and graphics 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Based on these data, there appears to be a reduction in both SO, and particulate emissions despite the increase in the blister copper smelting capacity from 60,000 to 75,000 tlyear. This reduction in

OUTFLOW 1.676

1.676

OUTFLOW

0,857 2.109

0,053 0,510 0,087 3,088

6.704 (*I

INFLOW

3.615

3,615

87.0 %

Main stack ,

OUTFLOW

0.470 0.046 0.516

- mg/m3

89,88

mglmg3 Pb

23,25 As

17,96 Cd

0,92

emissions to the environment is primarily due to the change of metallurgical indices and the implementation of the oxy-fuel project.

b)Emissions through Secondary Chimneys Emissions through the Iron Chimney

The iron chimney is located next to the copper reverberation furnace. The gas and particulate matter emitted through this chimney are derived from the slag and matte ventilation and duct systems. These emissions constitute nor more than 9% of the total flow emitted through the main chimney. Nevertheless, the lead and arsenic concentrations within these emissions are significant (see Tables 4.1.114 and 4.1.114A).

Emissions through Coke Plant Chimneys - A and B Batteries These chimneys conduct 14.86 Nm31sec.of gases, known as "waste gases."

The gases discharged through the A and B battery chimneys are a result of the combustion activity carried out in the heating chambers of the coking process. Their analyses are shown in Tables 4.1.115, 4.1.1/5A, 4.1.115B and 4.1.115C.

Bismuth Buckets Ventilation Systems - Anodic Wastes Plant Gas emissions from bismuth boilers N2 4, 5 and 6 are a result of the oxidation and

chlorination activities in the bismuth refining stage. Gas emissions are previously purified in a gas scrubber. The emission analysis is shown in Tables 4.1.116 and 4.1.116A.

Converters Ventilation Systems - Anodic Wastes Plant Gas emissions from Converters N2 1, 2, 3 and 4 are a produce of the selective

oxidation of antimony and bismuth in the converters, and from the reduction of bismuth in Reverberation Furnace N2 3. The particulate matter contained in these gases are. are recovered in three bag-filter units prior to emission. The emission analyses are detailed in Tables 4.1.117 and 4.1.117A.

Cupelation Ventilation System - Anodic Wastes Plant The cupelation ventilation system permits collection of the metallic fumes from the N2

1, 2 and 3 cupels, resulting from the selective oxidation process of selenium, tellurium and other minor elements recovered in the gas scrubber and humid electrostatic precipitator. The remaining gases are expelled through a chimney, whose analyses are shown in Tables 4.1.118 and 4.1. 1l8Ac.

Zinc Roasters Ventilation System These emissions come from the fluid-bed roasters and shot blasting units. Emissions

are comprised of SO, residual gases, combstion materials, and particulate matterles that was not recovered in gas scrubbers and bag-filters. The emission analyses are shown in Tables 4.1.119 and 4.1.119A.

Emissions in Copper, Lead and other Refineries The system includes 19 chimneys located in the copper and lead refineries, the

ASARCO furnace and wire rod plant.

Due to the nature of the electrorefining process, it is necessary to increase the processes temperature for copper sulfate production and anodic sludge leaching in the copper

refinery, thus generating water vapor emissions as well as sulfuric acid and copper sulfate pollutants to a lesser extent.

ASARCO furnace operations include copper cooling bars that produce water vapor emission which contain inter bone ash particles.

The wire rod plant emits water vapor (free of pollutants) resulting from the cooling of wire rod bars.

In the lead refinery, emissions come from the lead electrorefining process. These emissions are comprised of water vapor and minor amounts of fluorsiliceous acid. There are also emissions of hydrofluoric acid from the fluorsiliceous acid plant.

During the fusion of refined lead cathodes, metallic vapors are produced. These vapors are collected by hoods and sent to a bag-filter, while residual gases are evacuated to the environment. Typical combustion gases are emitted to the environment independently of the fusion gases.

c) Fugitive Emissions Copper Smelter

Figurive emissions from the copper smelter are produced in the preparation plant as materials are taken outside the area of the collection hoods. This usually occurs when the cpaacity of the extractors are exceeded

The emission of SO2 gases and solids from the roaster plants are dishcarged to the environment directly from the loading area as a result of a lack of ventilation (draft) in the main evacuation duct.

Likewise, fugitive gases and dusts which have not been collected by the ventillation hoods have been observed at transfer points between the copper roasters and the lime-burner cars.

The inadequate ventilation system at the converters results in fugitive dust and SO, emissions to the environment during the loading of recirculated cooling materials.

In blister copper molding rention furnaces, combustion and SO2 gases are freely dispersed due to the lack of a collection system.

Table 4.1.1110 shows the characterization of the emission leakage.

Lead Smelter Fugitive emission are recorded at the -lead furnace, especially during emergency

operations such as when the furnaces stop operating or are being cleaned, or when setlling tanks are changed, etc. In addition, fugitive emission occur at the dross treatment plant due to a lack of collection systems.

In the reverberation furnace for dross treatment there are fugitive emissions especially during product casting and load of materials.

The characteristics for these emissions are attached in Table 4.1.1110

Zinc Circuit There are particulate matter emissions from the transporation systems at the fluid bed

rasters and shot blasting units.

There is a presence of particulate matter in the turbulent -layer roaster (TLR) environment.

There is a presence of water vapor with small amounts of sulfuric acid in the cooling area of the zinc electrolytic plant.

In the zileret plant there are gas and particulate emissions while sponge iron is unloaded from the kiln furnace.

Table 4.1.1110 summarizes the description of emission leakages in this circuit.

Anodic Wastes and Silver Refinery There are gas and particulate emissions as the fusion reverberatory furnace is unloaded

and when melted materials are decanted to the converters. This situation is worse as time goes on due to the low efficiency of the ventilation systems.

Table 4.1.1110 shows the characteristics of the emissions leakages in this plant.

4.1.2 Liquid Effluents There are a total of 40 liquid effluents from metallurgical operations that impact the

Yauli and Mantaro Rivers. These effluents are formed by solutions typically produced during themetallurgical processes, the generation of cooling waters for electronic equipment, jackets, etc. Some of these effluents also contain a mixture of sewage waters from bathrooms and washeries.

The 40 effluents, their code numbers and descriptions are specified in the following Table.

9 10

11 12

106 107

108 109

~

Iron smelter - ~aestranza, Bodega Antimony Plant, acid tanks, Instrumental workshop, Workshop office and light equipment Componentes workshop (SSHH), Garage Componentes workshop, Courtyard

n

n

n

n

Note : The classification by type of effluent is shown on page 199.

The effluents characteristics are shown in Tables 4.1.112, 2A, 3 and 3A. It has been specified that 7 of the of 40 effluents are the main pollutanting contributors

to the Mantaro and Yauli Rivers. These 7 effluents represent 94 to 95% of the total load contributed tg the receiving rivers. This load includes 29-57,5% of the total As and more than 90% for the following elements : Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, as shown in Tables 4.1.2/4,4A, 5 and 5A.

According to Tables 4.1.216 and 6A the Yauli and Mantaro Rivers reach La Oroya with high amounts of industrial pollutants; nevertheless, these rivers are classified within Peruvian water quality class 111, except for the constituent Mn in both rivers and also for Pb in Yauli river.

Both receptor rivers are monitored at the following points :

Receivers: Sampling Points at Mantaro and Yauli River POINTS

M-1 LOCATION

Mantaro River, Chulec bridge, 2 m downstream

q A summary of the sampling points classified according to the water monitoring - 1 C

Protocol, is shown in Table 4.1.211, while Diagrams 7.2.414, 5 and 6 in Chapter VII detail the location of the sampling points corresponding to the main effluents from the Smelter and - Refinery Circuits at La Oroya using the EVAP report as a reference. - 3, .I

M-2 M-3 M-4

M-5

Y-1 Y-2 Y-3

Table No. 4.1.211

SAMPLING STATIONS

Mantaro River, Torres Hydro housing, 15 m downstream Mantaro River, Cascabel bridge, 10 m downstream Mantaro River. 4 Krn from Oroya Huancayo road 100 m from Huanchin deposit Mantaro River, 5 Km from Oroya Huancayo road, after Zinc ferrites deposit Yauli River, Marcavalle bridge 2 m downstream Yauli River, Huayarnanta bridge 20 m downstream Yauli River, Sudete bridge 15 m upstream

- -- --

COMPONENT

Natural water stream - Yauli river

- Mantaro river

Industrial water discharge, Ref. And sewer (Industrial area) - Cu - Pb refm.

- Smelter

Processing - Tishgo river

- Mantaro river

TOTAL

- Upstream Y-1

- Upstream M-1, M-2 and

Fresh water

Fresh water

~ U T now I S T A T I O N S ~ TOTAL

129,130,131,132, 133,134,135,136, and 137

- Down stream

- Down stream

Note: Effluents R-1, R-2 and R-3 discharge to Yauli River Effluents from 101 to 137 discharge to Mantaro River

4 to 6 regs. Monthly 4 to 6 regs. Monthly

Y-2, Y-3

M-4 and M-5

8 registers monthly 8 registers monthly

3

5

4 to 6 regs. Monthly In natural waters Stations

4.1.3 Solid Wastes The primary solid wastes from the Metallurgic Complex that impact the surrounding

environment are the copper and lead slags, zinc ferrites and arsenic trioxides, all of which are deposited in distant areas from the industrial zone.

The slags do not have an economic value, while zinc ferrites are considered as a zinc reserve for future exploitation due to the considerable amounts of the said metal they contain.

The arsenic trioxide market is depressed.

Other materials with less impact are thallium wastes and industrial and domestic garbage.

a) Lead and Copper Slags These slags are generated in the lead-breadth and the copper reverberatory furnaces.

After slags are granulated by abrupt cooling with pressurized water, they are transported via gravity in slurry form, separated into liquids and solids, and finally transported via a cable rail system to the "Huanchhn" deposit. See Diagram 4.1.311.

The water used in granulation process contains suspended elements of fine slag and dissolved materials, and is directly discharged to the Mantaro River.

The following table outlines the ananlysis results of this solution.

The following Table summarizes the characteristics of the slag deposits:

DIMENSIONS Area Height CHARACTERISTICS Weight Chemical Analysis Humidity Stability Granulometry Solubility LOCATION

250 000 m2 70 m

10 millions tons See Table 4.1.312

6,0% Stable

See Table 4.1.312A None

See Drawing M03-96-02, enclosed in this Chapter

The characteristics of this deposit and its proximity to the central highway and the Mantaro River create both potential and actual environmental and stability impacts.

Wind also has an effect on the deposit since it transports and disperses slag particles from the deposit.

b) Arsenic Trioxide This by-product is generated as a result of roasting the dust recovered in the arsenic

cottrell precipitators' which is mixed with pyrite. The arsenic from this process becomes volatile and the subsequent vapors are used in the cottrell heating process and subsequently in the cookers to produce a product containing 96% A%03.

Due to the lack of sales of A%03, these wastes have been deposited (instead of sold) in two areas. The first deposit is located at Malpaso and was used for approximately 25 years (1967 - 1992). The second deposit which is currently being used in located in the Vado zone.

The characteristics of these deposits are summarized in the following Table :

Since these deposits are located in alluvial material located close to the Mantaro River, and are exposed to the rain events which intensify between January to March, pluvial waters percolate through the deposits and sometimes dissolve arsenic and other elemets which, in turn, flow to and contaminate the Mantaro River.

DIMENSIONS Area Height Depth CHARACTERISTICS Weight Chemical Analysis Humidity Stability Granulometry Solubility LOCATION

The water quality assessment of this river which includes analysis of water quality both upstream and downstream of the Vado stockof the was conducted by our Metallurgical Research Division. Results of this assessment are presented as follows(mg1l):

MALPASO 18 000 m2 2 to 3 m 2 t o 3 m

45 000 ton See Table 4.1.312

2,0% Unstable

See Table 4.1.312A Soluble

See Fig. 1 and Drawing 1 chapter 5 addenda, Project

No. 14

VADO 45 000 m2 2 t o 5 m 2 t o 5 m

115 000 ton See Table 4.1.312

2,0% Unstable

See Table 4.1.312A Soluble

See Fig and Drawing 1 chapter 4 addenda, Project

No. 14

Mantaro River Water Quality Before and After Stock Vado

From the table it can be inferred that arsenic concentrations in the Mantaro River increase after the Vado stock.

Date

27-3-95

29-3-95

31-3-95

03-4-95

05-4-95

07-4-95

10-4-95

12-4-95

15-4-95

17-4-95

19-4-95

21-4-95

24-4-95

26-4-95

28-4-95

L.M.P.(l 1

L.M.P.(2 1

Source:

In regards to other elements like copper, lead and iron, there are very small increases downstream of Vado which do not exceed the permissible maximum limits.

Regarding pH, there is no change (significant) as recorded values are 7.3 and 7.8 for both upstream and downstream samples.

L.M .P. (1): Maximum permissible limits, any moment (mgll). L. M. P. (2): Maximum permissible limits Annual Average Value (mgll).

Arsenic trioxide deposits are shown in Pictures 4.1.312A and 2B. c) Leached Zinc Wastes (Zinc Ferrite)

Cu

0,08

0,06

0,06

0,lO

0,04

0,11

0,09

0,06

0,06

0.07

0.05

0,06

0,52

0,42

0,52

l,W

0,30

Memorandum

Cu

0,08

0,08

0,06

0,11

0,05

0,04

0,05

0,lO

0,12

0,03

0,06

0,05

0,52

0,48

0,55

l,W

0,30

995.

Upstream

Pb

0,OS

0,04

0,04

0,03

0,OS

0,04

0,M

0,Ol

0,Ol

0,M

0.03

O,M

0,80

0,32

0,35

0,40

0,20

Downstream

Pb

0,04

0,04

0,04

0,08

0,04

0,03

0,04

0,02

0,05

0,06

0,M

0,04

0,28

0,35

0,40

0,40

0,20

of Vado

Fe

0,52

0,66

0,54

0,53

0,51

0,56

0,39

0,50

1,lO

0,55

0,44

0,44

4,40

4,20

4,30

2,00

1,00

DIM-074-95

As

0,05

0,04

0,Ol

0,08

0,05

0,23

0,03

0,06

0,04

0,05

0,Ol

0,13

0,13

0,Ol

0,M

l,W

0,50

del06-06-1

of

Fe

0,55

0,47

0,57

0,52

0,46

0,59

0,34

1,70

0,68

0,44

0,26

0,32

4,20

4,30

3,90

2,00

1,00

Vado

As

0,60

0,84

0,06

0,30

0,40

0,Ol

0,02

0,94

0,45

0,56

1,lO

0,36

0,16

0,26

0,44

1 ,O

0,50

These wastes result from the hydrometallurgic process of leaching calcine (tin ash) zinc

43% of the wastes produced (115tId) are processed in the zileret plant. This process produces iron sponges which can be used in the fusion of layers to create stable slags.

The remaining ferrite is deposited in wells contained by dikes comprised of borrow material. To meet the growing demands for increased holding capacity, dike heights are constantly increasing according to the "upstream" (aguas arriba) methodology which does not use compression nor moisture additions.

The solids from the zinc ferrite pulp are precipitated at one end of each well while the remaining solution is discharged to the Mantaro River via a buried pipe.

Weather events conditions such as wind and precipiation events transport fine particles from the deposits to the environment and dissolve of soluble salts(ZnS04) which are fmlly discharged to the Mantaro River.

The test control section manages the effluent flows and metallic contents from these deposits which are discharged to Mantaro River. The average for January-August is shown in the following table.

According to this table concentration of Zn and Pb exceed the maximum permissible limits. In regards to other elements like Cu, Fe and As, it can be observed that their concentration amounts do not exceed the maximum permissible limits while pH values are close to the established limit.

HUANCHAN DEPOSIT LIQUID EFFLUENT DISCHARGED TO RIVER

AVERAGE JANUARY-AUGUST 1996

The characteristics for these deposits are summarized in the following table :

FLOW m3Imin.

0,488

TEM PC

16

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE

pH

7,03

Any moment

Annual average

SUSPENDED

SOLIDS 40

SUSPENDED

SOLIDS 100

50

mgn

mgfl

As 0.0

Ph > 5.5- < 10.5 >5.5- < 10.6

As 1,0

1,O

Cd 0,5

8 0 5 5

Cu 0,O

Fe 0,2

Cu 2,O

1,O

M n 18.40

~e 5.0

2,O

Pb 1,43

W 1,O

0.4

Zn 222

Zn 6,O

3.0

The codes for treatment and final disposal of solid wastes resulting from Copper and Lead Smelters and Zinc Refineries (table 4.1.312, 2A) are shown in Table 4.1.311.

DIMENSIONS Area Height Depth CHARACTERISTICS Weight Chemical Analysis Humidity Stability Granulometry Solubility

LOCATION

Picture 4.1.312 presents a partial view of these deposits.

94 805 m2 From 6 to 12 m From 6 to 12 m

1 242 797 t See Table 4.1.312

20 to 30 % Stable

-38 pm:92,9% Insoluble

See Drawing M04-96-02, enclosed in Chapter 5, Project

No. 15

d) Other Wastes ehalliurn Wastes, Industrial and Domestic Garbage) Thallium Wastes

This solid residue results from the treatment of crude cadmium sponges(Cadmium Plant). The residue is a produce of the purification of cadmium sulfate with potassium permanganate, caustic soda and sodium carbonate.

The material produced is transported by truck to the Huanchin deposit (south from the deposit No.2 of zinc ferrite). Currently, there are 2,428t (4% of the average T1) stored at this

. .

site. This material is deposited in the same mamer as the ferrite deposits. -.;.,--.-.-

The characteristics of this residue are presented in Table 4.1.312.

Industrial Garbage Industrial garbage is produced in the metallurgic complex facilities and is formed by :

woods, fabrics, papers, plastic, and resins, among others.

At present two garbage incinerators are operating, one is installed in the smelter and the other is in the Huaymanta Refinery.

Industrial scrap is selected to either be partially recycled or sold, and industrial oils and greases are recycled to the heavy oil tanks (Bunker 6).

~omestic Garbage This residue is deposited at Cochabamba, 11Krn south of the Smelter.

4.2 Environmental Impacts Assessment 4.2.1 Impact on the Physical Environment

Climate Gases contribute to the creation of a thermic inversion in the La Oroya region

which produces a microclimate for the region.

Air The air receives gas and particulate emissions generated rom metallurgical

processes. These emission are monitored daily at five stations (Huanchin, Sindicato, Hotel Inca, Cushurupampa and Casaracra) distributed within a lOKm radius of the principal emmiter, the main chimney (a 167.5 in height).

As a consequence of gas dispersion (Tables 4.1.112, 4.1.112A, 4.1.113, 4.1.113A, 4.1.114, 4.1.114A, 4.1.115, 4.1.115A, 4.1.115BY 4.1.115CY 4.1.116, 4.1.116A, 4.1.117, 4.1.1/7AY 4.1.118, 4.1.118A, 4.1.119, 4.1.1/9A,) air quality around the Metallurgic Complex environment are within the maximum permissible limits, unless thermic inversion occurs, as shown in the following Table :

, (*) Generally the higher value occur when there is a thermal inversion.

Water The 40 liquid effluents produced as a result of the operations at the Metallurgic

Complex which are discharged to theYauli and Mantaro rivers contain suspended solids and solution materials, the characteristics of which are shown in Tables 4.1.211, 4.1.212 and 4.1.212A.

In addition, domestic liquid effluents are emitted to the said receptors without treatment. ~ .

Soils The few areas with soils around the Metallurgical Complex are not suitable for

production due to their composition as well as the topographic and geologic characteristics of

the zone. Under these conditions, the primary impact to soils is erosion as a result of rain events in the area. Soil erosion is made easiers in the region due to the area's steep slopes and as a result of the acidity of the soils caused by the partial dissolution of SO, emissions.

Industrial solid wastes like Lead and Copper slags and zinc ferrite pulp impact the soils in the Huanchin deposit area, 3 Km. from the Metallurgic Complex. Likewise, arsenic trioxides have a negative impact on the Vado zone 9 Km from said Complex.

La Oroya has impoverished soils with no plant cover. There is no nitrogen due to the lack of vegetation, and there is lack of calcium due to its removal as a result of water erosion and the harmful effect of the smelter smokes. See Pictures 4.2.111 and 4.2.112.

La Oroya and the surrounding soils have been studied at the Universidad Agraria de la Molina labs. The characterization of the gases emitted to the environment which affect these soils is detailed in Tables 4.1.112, 4.1.112A, 4.1.113, 4.1.113A, 4.1.114, 4.1.114A, 4.1.115, 4.1.115A, 4.1.115B, 4.1.115C, 4.1.116, 4.1.116A,4.1.117, 4.1.117A, 4.1.118, 4.1.118A, 4.1.119 and 4.1.119A

Solid wastes such as garbage also impact the soils as they are partially incinerated andlor deposited at Cochabarnba 9 Km from the Complex.

Geomorphology Geomorphology is affected by the modification of the geographic relief in the

area. Solid wastes, despite their low solubility, contain pollutanting agents, which are transported to the surface waters.

Tables 4.1.311 and Diagram 4.1.311 show the volumes, characteristics and location of these wastes while chapter 5 details the projects for closure and mitigation of of the deposits and emissions.

Due to wind action, fine particle residues reach the surrounding areas, changing the quality of the surrounding soils.

4.2.2 Impact on the Biologic Environment 'The natural landscape reveals that the atmosphere receives gases and

particulates from the La Oroya Complex which are ultimately precipitated during rain events. These precipitates alter the existing ecosystem and affect the local flora and fauna. Consequently, this part of the Central Peruvian Andes has become unproductive; some wild species even die out, especially endemic species that have a limited home range and distribution. These species, often times disappear from the region as a result of the loss of natural vegetation.

Water turbidity, especially within the Mantaro and Yauli rivers impedes the penetration of light. This limits photosynthesis activity, reduces the amount of dissolved oxygent in the water, and changes the water temperature. These conditions definitely affect the primary porductivity of these rivers. It should be mentioned that this impact begins in the rivers prior to their flow through the La Oroya region. At La Oroya these rivers receive

additional effluent containing industrial wastes from different plants at the Metallurgical Complex.

As previoulsy indicated, the addition of suspended solids to these rivers from the La Oroya are shown in Tables 4.1.216 and 4.1.216A.

Solid wastes observed in the Huanchh deposits (slags and zinc ferrite) and Malpaso and Vado deposits (As trioxide) are a type of physical contamination which contributes to the alteration of the terrestrial ecosystem (Pictures 4.1.311 and 2, 2A and 2B).

4.2.3 Impact on the Socioeconomic Environment The Metallurgic Complex is the generator of the the socioeconomic

development in the zone and of the Central Region Peru.

4.2.4 Impact on the Human Interest Environment The human interest environment of the site is limited to building an access

route to the cities and places with archeological resources (Tarma, Jauja, Huancayo), protected natural areas, parks and national reservations (Huayllay Rock Forest in Cerro de Pasco and Chinchaycocha Lake in Junin), tourist circuits (Lima-Tarma-Chanchamavo Valley and Mantaro Valley).

I tIACIENDA ANTAI-IUARO

DEPOSIT0 VADO (TRIOXIDO DE ARSENIC0

COMUNIDAD DE OROYA ANTIGUA

LA OROYA

HA Clf N DA TAL LAPUOUIO

1

REFINERIAS

COBRE Y PLOMO

FERRITAS DE ZINC

COMUNIDAD D E

HUA YNACANCIiA \.

COMUNIDAD

HACIENDA QUIULLA

I CENTROMIN PERU S.A. - LA OROYA

MAPA N*

DlRECClON DE ASUNTOS A MBIENTALES 2' COMPLEJO METALURGICO - LA OROYA g.

DEPOSIT0 DE RESIDUOS SOLIDOS U,

PAMA:DlAGRAMANo4.1.3/I FECHA:NOV.96

CEMROMIN PERU DlRECClON DE ASUNTOS AMBIENTALES

MANAGEMENT OF GASES AND DUSTS JANUARY - DECEMBER 1995 (Dust in metric tonnes per day)

gasldust

2,72 19.43

Cottrell 6,704

C O T T R E L L C E N T R A L

216.050

Arsenic Lead dust Roaster

v gas Tostad. Chimenea

Plant de Principal Polvo

a C.N. Cottrell SO2 : 0,61 %

Roaster dust from the calcine from Kitchens central cotrell copper reverb.

f to arsenic

f cotrell

DIAGRAM 4.1.1 1 1

TABLE 4.1.1 I 2

EMISSION SOURCE AND GAS EMISSIONS AND DUST CHARACTERISTICS Period : Jan. - Dec. 1995

'Z

\

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

a f i l ~ r u i l penidsslble Ilndts, Peruvlm Laws (MEM) Reference : RcpoN 60111 tho T c r b ~ Cu~~lrol Scctiol~. ~nclallic conknf

CONCRETE STACK

IRONSTACK

COKESTACK-

BATTERY A

COKESTACK-

BATTERY B

VENT. SYSTEM

Bi INCrNERATORS P.R.A

VENT. SYSTEM

CONV. P.R.A.

VEN'I'. SYSTEM

CUPEL P.R.A.

VENT. SYSTEM

ZINC ROASTERS

Nolc : 11.d. (not dclcnnined)

) : In case of Centromin Penj S. A, the law establishes to fix 83 % of the inflow sulpllur. Source : Audiloria Ambientat de EmLioncr y Vcrtimicnbr. June 1996 D1lW.?ld.T.bl.4.l.llZ

clc.

168

9 1

19

19

19

19

I5

30

n.d.

Elrctrostdic

Precipitator

None

None

( I stack)

None

(1 stack)

Gas Washer

Bag filter

(3 stacks)

Electrostatic Precip.

Bag filtzr

Gas Washer

Bag filter

100

1 145.61

88.73

14.86

14.76

0.45

16.85

1 1.94

46.07

n.d.

89.88

46.24

n.d.

n.d.

374.04

3 1.63

46.33

921.05

1. 1 25 1 1 25 1 * I I

80

20

278

287

22

37

44

59

24

24

24

24

12

18

18

2 1

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

17.96

5.68

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0 .92 .

0.00

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

1.10

23.25

2.65

n.d.

n.d.

13.89

1.72

1.77

11.43

9,379

0

8,973

6,751

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

445

667

n.d.

11.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

34.786

34,687

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

TABLE 4.1.1 / 2A

EMISSION SOURCE AND GAS EMISSIONS AND DUST CPFARACI'ERISTICS Period : Jan. - Dec. 1996

, Marln~wlt pernllsslble Ilnlits, Peruvtml Laws (MEhI) ( n.d. 1 100 1 n.d. 1 I 1 25 1 1 25 1 ('1 I I Reference : Rcpoh from Ule T u h g Control Section, mclallic co~~lent, ck. Note : 11.d. (1101 dclennincd)

) : 111 case of Centromin Prni S. A, the law establishes to fix 83 %of thc inflow sulpllur. Source : Auditoria AmbienLd dc Emirionu y Vcrtimicnlor. Iuno 1996 l!MW.W.Tabls4.l.llU

I

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CONCRET STACK

CONCRETO

IRONSTACK

COKESTACK-

BATTERY A

COKESTACK-

B A T E R Y B

VENT. SYSTEhl

Ui INCINERATOR R.A

VENT. SYSTEM

CONV. P.R.A

VENT. SYSTEM

CUPEL P.R.A

VENT. SYSTEM

ZINC ROASTERS

168

91

13

19

19

13

Precipitator

Electrostatic

None

None

(1 Chinmey)

None

(1 Chimncy)

Gas Wxher

Bag filter

(3 stacks)

97.60

15.08

13.89

0.62

18.33

I5 I Pricip. Elzclrostat. 12.61

30.06 30

50.17

nd.

n.d.

1152.83

28.88

Bag filter

Gas Washer

Bag filter

39.83

926.04

19

27 1

309

1 1

4 1

49

5 8

24

24

24

12

18

18

21

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

10.77

nd.

n.d.

n d .

n.d.

n.d.

0.00

0.00

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

1.32

3.22

nd.

n.d.

20.72

3.32

1.29

13.63

0

3,920

3,775

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

0

127

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

36,533

43,121

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

n.d.

11.d.

TABLE No 4.1 .I. 1 3 MAlN STACK EMISSIONS

Period : Jan. - Dec. 1995

Jun

Feb

blur

APT

May Jun

Jul

Aue Sept

Ocl

Nov

I)cc

Aver:

Source : Auditoria knbicnlal do Elnuioncs y VcrGnientor, Juno 1996

hluxhiiu~~i penillvslble lhl~lts, P e ~ v l u ~ ~ I.uwu (RIEM) I n.d. 1 100 1 n.d. I

MAIN STACK

- I

', Reference : Rcportr for Tcsling Conk01 Srcliort. rl~clallic contail, otc. , Note : n.d. (not dclcnnincd)

(*) : In case of Centromin Peni S. A, tha law establishes to fix 83 % o f (he id low sulphur.

25

168

-----

1 25 1 (*) I

ELECTROS'rAl'lCS

PRECIPITATOR

-

-- ---

11 83.73

1146.87

1109.00

1150.80

1167.75

1167.90

1198.67 -- 1149.27

1102.7'2 . - -

1133.08 - 11 19.52

1 1 1 1.97

1145.61

87.42

90.58

88.37

86.05

93.i9

88.93

88.37

79.04 -- 73.21 - - . - - - 98.53

98.57

100.25

89.88

83

84

80

84

82

73

82

76 - 75

82

73 - 79

80

24 365

365

11.54 - 20.20

16.97 - 16.01

18.54

25.08

18.91

17.63 - 16.00

17.54

18.73 -- IX.3.I

17.96

24

24

24

24

24

24 -- 24

24

24

24

24

365

365 - 365

365

365 -- 365 -- 365

365

365 .

365

365

1.22 -- 1.00

0.97 -. 0.83

0.83

0.76

0.97

0.95

0.51

0.99

0.99 -- 0.97

0.92

24.74

20.74

20.85

24.61

25.72

16.01

21.21

20.55

16.87 .-

29.16

28.98 -- 29.57

23.25

9,757

8,886

10,279

8,711

10,454

3,582

9,060

9,408 .-

9,060

8,537

9,060 - 9,757

9,379

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d. - 11.d.

I . .

11.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

11.d. - n.11.

n.d.

TABLE No 4.1 .I. / 3A MAIN STACK EMISSIONS

P e r i ~ d : Jan.- Jun. 1996

; Reference : Rcport from Uic Testing Control Section, mclallic content clc.

J u n

Iieb

blur

APr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Sept

Ocl

Nov

Dec

Aver:

; Noh : n.d. (not dalenninsd)

: In case of Centromin Peni S. A, the law establishes to fix 83 % o f the inflow sulphur. Source : Auditorla Ambicnlal da EmLioncr y Vcrtimk~lor. luna 1996

FMlQhP.W.Tnb1.4.l.InA

MAIN STACK 168 ELB@l'ROS?'ATICS p--

l ' l~ l~~I l 'S l 'A '~Ol~

p-

-

1 15 1.02

1148.77

1146.80

1117.63

1135.62

1125.50 -

1137.56

97.66

91.06

82.50

74.08

71.43

71.99

81.46

83

X2 .-

85

80

84

78

------..-

82

24

24

24

24

24

24

23

365

- 365

365

365

36 5

365

365

20.70 -- 14.93

-. 15.01

12.44

12.X0

15.69

15.26

0.69

0.76 - 1.07

0.74

1.22

0.86

0.89

22.46

26.41 - 26.15

23.26 ------- 19.30

16.33

22.32

11,151

11,325 - 12,370 -- 9,931

12,893

11,673

11,557

n.d.

11.d. -- - -

11.d.

11.d.

11.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

n.tl. - n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

n.d.

n.d.

. . . ,. . - ... . ~- .. -. , . I . . , . , ., . . ,>, ~ . ~, . . ,. , , . . .,. ... .... .. .

TABLE No 4.1.1 14A SECONIIARY STACK EMISSIONS

Period: Jan. - Jun. 1996

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug Scpt

Oct

Nuv

Dee - Aver:

, hluxhnrui~ peniltsslble h ~ d t s , Penivii~~i 1,uws (MEM) I n.d. 1 100 I n.d.

IRON STACK

--

1 25 1 1 25 ( (*I 1 Reference : Reporla from Ihd T u h g Conlrol Section, lnetallic conlent. slc. Note : n.d. (not dolennined)

) : In case of Centrornin Prni S. A, the law establishes to fix 83 % oftha inflow sulphur. Source : Audiloria Ambiental de E~nisionzs y VertLnienlos, June 1996

9 1

-

NONE

-

-

-- - .-- -

103.25

95.70

91.12

84.92

1 16.35

94.1 X

.-

97.60 24

42.37 - 54.06

49.92

58.61

40.75

55.30

50.17 365 19

21

20

19

16

18

20

24

24

24

24

24

24

10.77 0

365

365

365

365

365

365

0.00

--

n.d. 3.22

3.14

3.30

3.49

- 21.63

1.87 - 31.19

--

n.d.

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

-----

1.95

2.59

2.50

5.33

4.40

2.54

--

0

0

0

0

0

0

n.d.

11.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

-- n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

--

TABLE No 4.1.1 1 5A SECONDARY STACK EMISSIONS

Period : Jan. - Dcc. 1996

...................... ..................... :.:.,. ~ ; ~ < ~ < ~ M ...........................

;E£,:@t&. :::;:;:a::;:%;::: ;:s:;:;:;:j<:s<< .. ..... :.: ..... .:. 'C. :.:<.

;;<<?~;:;~c<g<<<<2(;;:::i:;:i;;:;~~<$<;<~;<2;;$;$; ... . . ... . ... . ..........,,,,,,, :,:.:.:.:." :,,,,,,,,, ::~$fi~y?:.:.:.:.:.:,:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.::.::::: >:,:,:,:,:,:,:,:,:,:,:,:,:,; :;:;:::;:;;;~;~2j2?;:;:;:;:;:;$X;33;:;<:;2:::::::::~:s::k:::::k;

$ ~ g ~ ~ ~ Q ~ $ y $ g # J g ~ :>;*s;:;:,xgc;:i:;:j:3#;w x:z: i.:;:;28;:;<:2:<<:;<: X:;:;:~;::;<x:::::::::::::::::::::::::\:k:k::\:k,::::z;<x .:.?>:.:.'.:.:.:.'.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.>:.........:.....:.:.x~.:.:.:.s.. . . .,..,. .,

\\ , Maxinim~~ pen~llsslble hl~ltu, I'eruvlnti Luws (MEM)

Jan

Feb

bfar

APr M a y

Jun

Jul

Aug

SCP Oct

Nov

Dee

Aver:

n.d. 1 100 1 n.d. 1 1 1 25 1 25 1 ('1 I 1 I 'Reference : RcpoN born L e Testing Control Section, ~ n e M c content. cb. Note : nd (not delennincd)

('1 : In cnso of Cmtromin Peni S. A, tho lnw establishes to fix 83 % ofthe inflow sulpl~ur. Source : Auditorla A~~~bie~~tal do Elnirior~w y Vcllimicntos, June 1996 PMINW.XW:T.11.4.I.I 13.4

COKE STACK

BATTERY A 19 None

( 1 suck)

14.28

15.71

16.69

14.57

13.81

15.43

---

15.08

n.d

n.b

nd.

n.d. --

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

262

277

-306

235

272

275

27 1

24

24

24 ---

24

24

24

24

365

365

365

365

365

365 ------

365

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

ad.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

6,098

0

0

0

17,423

0

--

3,920

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

31,143

36.533

40,127

35,335

40,726

35,335

36,533

TABLE No 4.1.1 1 5B SECONDARY STACK EMISSIONS

Periotl : Jan. - Dcc. 1995

Jan COKE STACK

Feb

M u r

A P ~ hlay

JUII

Jul

Aug

Srld

Oct

Nuv

1)cc

Aver:

' h.luxh111u11 p c n ~ ~ l s s l b l c Ul~ilts, Peruviur~ Luws (hlEM)

BATrERY 13

- -- -

I Rcfcnncc : Rcyo~tr from Ure Terhlg Control Sectio~~. ~~relallic co~ita~t, otc. Nolc : n.d. (1101 dclon~lcd)

( : In case of Cenlromin I'cd S. A., Ill* Intv estublisl~es to fix X3 % of tllc i~lllow sulphur. Source : Audiloria I\lnbiedal dc EmLioner y VerPnientor, Julio 1996 EMlaW.X1S,TILI.4.I.I I JB

n.d.

(I stack)

-- -----

.-

- - -. ---

-

100 1 n.d. (

16.71

14.5 1

13.34

14.97

14.02

13.91

14.48

1 4 . 7 ~ . --

15.86

15.84

14.37

14.76

25 1 25 1 (*) 1

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

11,(l,

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

308

296

269

278

233

293

293

260 -. .

290 -- 259

276 - - - - -

287

24

24

24

24

23

24 -- 24

24 ~ - ---

24

24

24 - - -

24

365 I n.d. n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

n.d.

11.11.

I - -- . . .

11.d.

n.d.

n.d. ~~ --

n.d.

365 n.d.

nd.

n.d.

- n.d.

n.d.

n.d. -- n.d.

11.d. -- 11.11,

-. . .- n.tl.

n.d.

n.d. -

n.d.

365 I 11.d.

365 n.d.

14,809

871

11,325

6,038

10,454

0

9,582 - 6,098

.- . . .. - -. .. 8,711

871

0 -~ ~ -

6,751

365

365

365

36s . ---- .- ..

365

365 - 365

- - - - - - - -

- n.d.

---. n.d. ---- 11.d. --- I -

I . .

I . . -- n.d.

762

7,241

0

0

0 -- 0

U - . -- 0

. -.

0 --- 0 ---- 0

--

667- 365 1 n.d.

31,143

28.149 - 31,143

38,929

37,731

50,308

28,747 - 38,330

.. -. . . 28,149

40,127

30,544 --

34,687

TABLE No 4.1.1 1 5C SECONDARY STACK EMISSIONS

Period: Jan. - Jun. 1996

Jun COKE STACK 19 None 13.59 n.d. 308 24 365 n.d. n.d. 11.d. 7,840 0 44,319

Feb BA'lTERY B ( 1 stack) 15.57 n.d. 341 24 365 n.d. n.d. n.d. 0 0 49,110

Mnr 16.02 n.d. 323 24 365 n.d. n.d. n.d. 0 0 33,539 - A P ~ 14.49 n.d. 260 24 365 n.d. - n.d. n.d. 0 381 44,319

M u y 6.74 n.d. 315 24 365 n.d. n.d. n.d. 14,809 381 43,121

Jun 16.92 n.d. 309 24 365 n.d. n.d. n.J. 0 0 44.3 13 --- - .-

Jul - Aug Sept -- - Oct - Nuv

Dee

Aver: 13.89 n.d. 309 24 365 n.d. n.d. n.d. 3,775 127 43,121

' hiaxin~un~ pernllssible limits, Peruvlun Lnws (MEM) I n.d. 1 100 ) n.d. 1 1 25 1 1 25 1 * ) I Reference : Rcportr kom Iho Tuting Control Section. lnetallic content, clc.

: Note : n.d. (not delenni~~ed) ' , .

<*) : I n case of Centromin Pcri S. A, the law establishes l o fix 83 $6 o f the inflow sulphur. Source : Auditaria At~~hienlal do EmLiones y VctIi~ei~to%, lure 1996 OS(LU.XIS.TmbI.4.I.I I J C

TABLE No 4.1.1 16 SECONDARY STACKS EMISS!ONS

Period : Jan. - Dec. 1995

J u n

Peb

b l u r

A P ~

hlny

J u n

J u l

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nuv

Dec

Aver:

h l u r l ~ ~ ~ u ~ i ~ per~~ilsslble Illl~ltr, l'eri~vlu~i Luws (TilEM)

VEN'I'. SYS'I'EM

BISbKrl l l INCINERATOR

ANODIC WAS'IX PLANT

-- -.

11.d. I 100 1 n.11. I I 25 1 25 1 (*) I I 1 Reference : Rcporh fio~n UIC Tcsti~g Conhol Section, ~nctallic co~ita~t. ctc.

Nop : n.d. (not detennincd) ( 1 : In case of Centromin Peri S. A, the law establishes to fuc 83 % o f h e inflow sulphur.

Source : Auditoria Ambiental de Emisions y Vtdinientos, June 1996 EhllOh.i.NS,Td& 4.1.1 1 6

19

-

Clu w a s h e r 0.46

0.46

0.47

0.44

313.56

262.50

331.61 -- - -

553.15

0.38 I

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

I9

24

22 - 26

0.45 pp

0.51

0.42

0.45

7Jg.70

365

365

365

365 .

11.d.

n.d.

n.d. - n.d.

n.d.

12

12

12 --- -

12

8 1.25

865.47

220.14

483.36

I0

0.38

0.34

0.61

0.45

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d. -- 37.08

12.36

11.13

39.25

13.89

19

25

19

22

95.98

191.45

346.34

371.04

365 - 365

365

365

20

2X

16 - 24

-- 12

n.d.

n.d. - n.d.

n.tl.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d.

n.d.

12

12 -- 12

12 -

365

12

12 - 12

12

I . -- n.d.

n.d. - - - - - -

n.d.

365

365

365

365 ---

12.98

4.92

5.79

6.70 - -- n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d. --

I . - n.d.

n.d. - n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d. -

I6.lX - 1.35

15.86 - 3.03

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

I . .-

n.d.

n.d. - 11.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

I . - n.d.

n.d. - n.d.

n.d. -

n.d.

n.d.

n.d. - 11.d.

n.d. .-

TABLE No 4.1.1 IGA MAIN STACKS EMISSIONS

Period: Jan. - Jun. 1996

~h lux l r i i u~ i i peniilsslblc Ii~iilts, Peruviun Luwr (i'vIEi'v1) ( n.d. 1 100 1 n.d. 1 1 25 1 1 25 1 ('1 I I I qclrrcnrr : Reports fio~n lhc TrtLLlg Co~ltrol Scctio11, niel;allic conlenf clo. do le : 11.d. (not dclcnnh~cd)

'(3 : In case of CentrominPcrG S. A, thc law cstablishcs to f~u 83 % of the illflow sulpliur. Source : Alldiloria Ambiu~d de Elnirioner y VcrtLnienlos. Jmle 1996

J n ~ i

F c b

b I n r

A P ~

M a y

J u n

Jill

Aug Sept

Oct

Nov

Dee

Aver:

VENT. SYSTEM BISkIUTkI INCINEKTOl<

ANODIC WAS'r 1'LAN'r

19

- - -- .- -- ----

Gus washer

-

20.72

.----

0.5 1

0.65

0.63

0.56

0.65

0.70

21 n.d. 0.62

6 19.42

3068.13

1226.65 - 566.67

709.69

726.39

12 1152.83 n.d.

18

20

23

23

20

19

11.d. 365

12

12 -- 12

12

12

12

n.d. n.d.

365

365

365

365

365

365 --

n.d.

n.d,

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

11.d. - n.d.

n.J.

n.d.

n.d.

3.30

42.39

15.17

48.76

6.88

7.49

n.d. n.d. n.d.

n.d. n.d. n.d.

I . .

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

-

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

n.d.

--.

CE

OW

I PD

.'! S

.D

m.C

6N D

E A

SUN

OS

AM

1EA

L10

/119

7 12

:03

PM

TABLE N

1.1/

7S

EC

ON

DA

RY

ST

AC

KS

EM

ISS

ION

SP

l.l'iO

lJ :

Jan.

- O

N',

1995

:.:.:.

:.:.:.

:.:.;.

:.:.:.

:

:f't:

:)?r

rr)t

mf:

::iff

f:r:

:#:tt

tt?ttt

'::ff

fffM

HY

$.W

m.$

.gf

iRft

ftttt

trif

mtr

:fff

fmt:i

ttrttt

tmf/

:tt:i,

\:rf

tt:ff

;j&Q

*tW

lMt.$

MH

9f,7

$.&

tiM;

Mtm

trt

:;:

:::\:r

r)j:

:::!:

::!~~~

II:!

!i:i:

:1.

'IIt.lil

'.:::

::::r

fR1y

!::j:

:i

:!I:

III

:!.

1::, 11

11::.

::.

r:f)

MiM

t9M

dThn

tff

mj

::;:;:

;:;:::

:::::=

::::::

:;::;

::::::

::::::

:::::::::

:::::;

.:.;.:

.;.:.:

.:.:.:

.:.:.:

.:.;.

::::::

::::::

::::::

:::::;

:::::

::::::

::::::

::::::

::,:

m:::

::::::

::::::

,:",:

rrff

MiM

F:m

:fm

rrW

rrr?

?rm

m#i

::::::

:fm

.::t:m

;:::

::m:::::

::::::

g:::

::::':

::::::

:::j

!::::

:::::::

:::::

w:::

::::m

mgw

)?fM

1.$.

ff

CO

NV

ER

TE

RB

AG

FIL

TE

RS

17.

45.

365

0.48

lI.

---.

-

Feb

VE

NT

.SY

STE

!\!

Stac

ks

50.

365

lI.

Mar

AN

OD

ICW

AST

EPL

AN

T17

.39

22.

365

lI.

1.47

-----

Apr

16.

27.

365

lI.

3.9

lI.

lI.

lI.

May

21.4

365

1.5

Jun

17.

24.

365

Jul

17.

25.

365

Aug

29.

365

lI.

n.d.

----

----

Sept

17.

1.0

365

--- 1-

-O

el18

.27

.36

5

Nov

17.

365

--

Dee

16.

35.

365

Ave

r:16

.1.

6336

5

Max

imum

per

mis

sibl

e lim

its, P

eruv

ian

Law

s (M

EM

)Rererence: Report 1i00n

the

Tes

ting

Con

trol

Sec

tioll

lIclac cOlllenet

e.

Nol

e : l

I.d.

(no

l del

eed)

: In

casc

ofC

cntr

omin

Pcr

U S

. A.,

thc

law

csb

b1is

hcs

10 f

ix 8

3 %

ofl

hc in

fow

sul

phur

.S

ourc

. : Auditori. Allbienta de Ellisioll:S

Ver

timic

lllos

, JW

le 1

996

EJO

AS

; T&

b .c

.1.1

/7

!(:..

....'_

.M_

---

----

~~~

. . .

;...._

Qi.

, "; "

CE

OM

I PE

R:"

. DIlCC6N DR A

SUN

S A

MD

:AL

10/1

/97

12:0

3 P

M

TABLE N

1.1/

7AMAIN STACKS EMISSIONS

Per

iod:

Jan

. - J

un. 1

996

::::::

;:::::

:::::=

;:::;:

:

:ttt:r

:::r

:ttW

rrrr

r::::

rmw

rrrr

r:t:r

:fttt

' :::t

:'::r

tmW

HM

#9iM

1.M

tmrf

rff:

:':t:

::;ttt

ttwr:

' jm

fWr:

f:r:

:rr:

::::::

t:r:::

::ftt:

::r

rr:::

#&Q

$Gxm

q1:

ttAM

)(;9

.&J

&J\

::!.

MW

rrr:

:

111

;:::::

:::I

i:::i:

: i1.ll

litlli

i:::11

:11.

111'

':':': ij(

itil$

/':':

:iIIJ

:iI!

II:

:rir

ffM

$.H

ifW

ttim

:jr

:.:.:.

;.:.:.

:.;.;.

:.:.:.

:.;.:.

ilil:i

:i::I

' i::

::::::

::::::

::;:;:

::::;:

:::::

11::il

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:

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wm

ww

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f::'

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.:::::

:::#9

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Jan

CO

NV

ER

TE

RB

AG

FIL

TE

RS

16.

32.

365

1.4

Feb

VE

NT

.SY

STE

MSl

.cks

20

.26

.36

5M

arA

NO

DIC

WA

STE

PLA

NT

30.

365

2.40

Apr

19.

23.

365

1.83

May

19.

32.

365

f-'

Jun

19,

26.

II!

365

Jul

Aug

Sepl

Ocl

Nov

Dee

Ave

r:18

.28

.36

53.

32

Mui

mum

per

mis

sibl

e lim

its, P

eru,

'jall

L"w

s (M

EM

)R

erer

eoce

: Rep

oIt f

rom

Ule

Testi Control S

ectio

Jm

etac

coo

tell

etc.

Nol

o : n

. d. (

llot d

eter

ed)

: In

case

ofC

entr

omin

Per

U S

. A. t

he la

w e

stab

lishe

s to

fix

83

% o

f th

e in

fow

sul

phur

,So

urce

: Aud

ilori

. Am

bicn

ta d

. Em

iso"

es y

Ver

tellt

o., J

W1

t996

naoA

.. XL

; T

ablr

I/

7A

, ( ,

:..:-

"

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1W P

ElO

S.

. DD

UO

OO

N D

B "

"UN

O! oW

lEA

L10

/1/9

7 12

:14

PM

TABLE N

1.1/

8S

EC

ON

DA

RY

ST

AC

KS

EM

ISS

ION

SPeriod: Jan. - Dec. 1995

::::::

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Feb

VE

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EM

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8502

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NO

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WA

STE

SA

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952

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prFI

LT

ER

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5M

ay37

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5JW

112

.1.4

45.

365

Jul

38.

365

Aug

35.4

236

5Se

pl28

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5O

ct12

.59

.44

365

Nov

48.

365

Dee

33.

365

eI,

Ave

r:46

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5

Mllx

lmul

I pe

nu\.s

lble

IIm

lb, P

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ws

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M)

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tile

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lllg

Con

trol

Mec

lloJ

lIetao uonl

ela.

'NO

lo: l

I.d.

(11

01 de

lcnn

ied)

:In

caso

ofC

entr

omin

PnJ S. A, tho law establishos to fix 83 % of tho inJlow sulphur.

Sour

ce: A

udir

orla

Am

bien

la d

e E

mio

llc. y

Ver

tmie

llto.

, JW

1e 1

996

EN

GA

, XI;

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l. "'

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,.-. '

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PER

t 9.A

1R DI

IMU

N03

A!I

EA

L10

/1/9

7 12

:14

PM

TABLE N

4.1.

1 / S

ASE

CO

ND

AR

Y S

TA

CK

S E

MIS

SIO

NS

Per

iod:

Jan

. - D

ec. 1

9%

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365

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Feb

VE

NT

SYST

EM

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CIP

ITA

TO

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5

--

Mar

AN

OD

IC\V

AS

TE

SA

ND

BA

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5A

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LT

ER

S39

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.

May

365

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32.

365

Jul

Au:

Sept

Oct

Nav

Dee

Ave

r:39

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5

\ Maximum

penl

lIssl

ble

II.IU

fs, P

erov

hm L

aws

(ME

M)

\ Rererenc.: R.polU nom U.o T

estin

g C

ontr

ol S

octio

n, m.lac conten

ote.

Not

. : JL

d. (

not d

cten

niod

)

: In

cae

ofC

entr

omin

Per

u S.

A, t

he la

w e

stab

lishe

s to

fix

83

% o

f th

e in

flow

sul

phur

.So

urce

: Aud

itoai

a A

mbi

.nla

do

Em

uion

cs y

Ver

timie

nto,

. Jun

o 19

96l!

aAs'

JCL

!;T

ILI.

".

cmW

I pu

."t

DD

UO

N D

IASU

NS.

u.u

10/1

/97

12:0

3 P

M

TABLE N

4.1.

1 /9

SE

CO

ND

AR

Y S

TA

CK

S E

MIS

SIO

NS

Peri

od: J

an. -

Dec. 1995

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0.1

lI.

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51.

6JU

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9.36

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6.36

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32.2

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520

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890.

365

13.

lI.

29.

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365

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35.

1240

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5.4

0D

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5A

ver:

46.

921

365

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lI.

\ Maximum

perm

issi

ble

limits

, Per

uvia

n L

aws

(ME

M)

\ Rer

eren

ee: R

epor

t fio

m th

o Tooli Control Scction,

met

ac c

ontc

ne!

e.N

ote

: ILd

. (no

t det

enni

ed)

. (0

: In

case

ofC

entr

omin

Cen

trom

in P

eru

S. A

, the

law

est

ablis

hes

to f

ix 8

3 %

ofile infow sulphur.

Sour

ce: A

udir

ori.

Am

"icn

la d

o E

mw

onc.

y V

ertim

ienl

o,. J

WIO

199

6na

OA

S.X

L;T

ab".

c.l./

9

h:.;:

' "

, L.: "

-

- to-

.::' '

aIO

IdPI

!(J

S.. D

IRC

6ND

IASU

NO

SAJm

nAL

10/1

/97

12:0

3 P

M

TABLE N

4.1.

1/ 9

AS

EC

ON

DA

RY

ST

AC

KS

EM

ISS

ION

SP

erio

o : J

an. -

Dec

. 19%

:.:.:.

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SW

ASH

ER

093.

365

J4'

ZIN

CR

OA

STE

RS

BA

GFI

LT

ER

S25

.00

0.36

51.

20M

ar32

.02

3.36

5A

pr37

.00

3.43

365

May

24.

491

365

Jun

29.

943.

365

.42

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dee

Ave

r:30

.92

6.36

513

.

Max

imum

per

mis

sibl

e lim

its, P

eruv

ian

Law

s (M

EM

)Rererence: Report trom U,0 Testi Control ScctiOJ mclac contcn

etc.

\, N

ole

: n. d

. (no

t dct

cnnc

d): I

n ca

se o

f C

entr

omin

Per

u S.

A, t

he la

w e

stab

lishe

s to

fIX

83

% o

f th

e in

fow

sul

phur

.S

oure

e : A

udito

ri. A

mbi

enla

dc

Em

ione

s y

Ver

imic

"tos

. J.m

. .19

96E

MO

AS.

XL

;TaW

.4.

ISlA

";;'

c';)

-'

CE

NT

RO

MIN

PE

RU

DIR

EC

CI6

N D

E A

SU

NT

OS

AM

BIE

NT

ALE

S

- .

TABLE N

1.1/

10U

NC

ON

TR

OL

LE

D E

MIS

SIO

NS

AN

D E

MIS

SIO

NS

FRO

M O

TH

ER

SE

CO

ND

AR

Y S

MO

KE

STA

CK

S

PREP ARA TION

PLA

NT

. Emissions from mixer for du

st m

anip

ulat

ion.

. Emissions from 7 hoppers that collect and store

Cottrell dust.

. Emissions from 7 hoppers thai collect and store

Cot

trel

l dus

t. .

PLA

NT

OF

REVEBERA TION

CO

PPE

RFU

RN

AC

ES

. Emissions from enlrance to black titer scrubbings

from

sla

g an

d sl

ag channel of Oxy-

fuel

reverberatory furnace

BLI

ST

ER

CO

PP

ER

RE

TE

NT

ION

FU

RN

AC

E. Water vapor emissions gencraled from copper

anod

e co

olin

g, m

achi

ne N

o. I

mol

.. Water vapor emissions generated from copper

anod

e co

olin

g, m

achi

ne N

o. I

mol

.A

GG

LO

ME

RA

TIO

N P

LA

NT

. Emissions from Agglomeration machine and

Cru

shin

g ar

ea.

. Emissions

' fro

m.

tran

spor

tatio

n sy

stem

of

agglomerated product and fine and th

ick

sint

erho

pper

s.. Emissions from discharge of si

nter

fin

es to

fee

ding

tank

s 3A

; 4A

; SA

6A

.C

IiM

ESE

C,D

OC

.

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

365

) N

.

Dus

t of

unal

tere

d su

lfid

esD

ust o

f ro

aste

d su

lfid

esco

min

g fr

om C

ottr

ells

.D

ust o

f ro

aste

d su

lfid

es.

Scr

ub a

nd s

lag

dust

.

nIis

ter

Cop

per

dust

.

nIis

ter

Cop

per

dust

.

Pre

-roa

sted

and

non

-ro

aste

d su

lfid

e du

st.

Sinl

er d

ust (

roas

led

sulf

ides

).

Sint

er d

ust (

roas

ted

sulf

ides

).

Coo

l air

.A

ir.

Air

.

Acid Gases of SOz Y

Wat

er v

apor

.

Wat

er v

apor

.

Add

dilu

ted

gase

s.SO

z.

Air

.

Gas

was

her.

For

ced

draf

t.

Bag titers. Forced dr

aft.

Bag

filt

ers.

For

ced

draf

t.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e. N

alur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

alur

al d

raft.

Bag

filt

ers.

For

ced

draf

t.

Bag filers. Forced dr

aft.

Bag

filt

ers.

For

ced

draf

t.

CE

NT

RO

MIN

PE

RU

DIR

EC

CI6

N D

E A

SU

NT

OS

AM

BIE

NT

ALE

S

ff:

1I"

Sinl

er d

ust (

roas

led

sulf

ides

).Si

nter

dus

t (ro

aste

dsu

lfid

es).

II. E

mis

sion

s fr

om

FX20

3 be

lt sp

il ov

er a

s ru

n-of

f an

d 36

5fr

om 2

165

tran

spor

ter

that

con

duct

s si

nter

220

0 y

2230

hop

pers

.II

. Em

issi

ons

from

103

/104

bel

ts tr

ansp

ortin

g fi

ne s

int er. 365

Sint

er d

ust (

roas

ted

sulf

ides

).Si

nter

dus

t (ro

aste

dsu

lfid

es).

IV. E

mis

sion

s fr

om tr

ansp

orta

tion

belt

(222

1) and 365

discharge belt (2202) of th

ick

sint

er a

nd fr

omdi

scha

rge

belt

of s

inte

r fin

es (

2233

).L

EA

D F

UR

NA

CE

S PL

AN

TV

. Em

issi

ons

from

sla

g ch

anne

ls o

f lo

w- b

last

fur

ace.

365

VI.C

ombu

stio

n ga

s emission from Pb melting pan at

365

Mel

ting

and

Mol

ding

sec

tion.

LE

AD

FO

AM

ING

PL

AN

TV

II. C

ombu

stio

n ga

s em

issi

on f

rom

pan

No.

I o

f le

ad 3

65fo

amin

g.V

II. C

ombu

stio

n ga

s em

issi

on f

rom

pan

No.

2 of

lead

365

foam

ing.

IX. C

ombu

stio

n ga

s em

issi

on f

rom

pan

No.

3 of lead 365

foam

ing.

X. C

ombu

stio

n ga

s em

issi

on f

rom

pan

No.

4 of lead 365

foam

ing.

XI.

Em

issi

ons

from

ent

ranc

e to

fite

r P

b, s

crub

and

spe

iss

365

of Reverberatory Furnace for Treatment of L

ead

Foam

ing.

XII. Emissions of sp

eiss

gra

nula

tion

equi

pmen

t of

365

Reverberatory Furnace for Treatment of Lead

Foam

in .

CH

IME

SEC

DO

C.

Slag

dus

t.N

one.

Non

e.

Non

e.

Non

e.

Non

e.

Lea

d du

st, s

peis

s.

Non

e.

.."-.

",-

, ,- '

..),:_

': :

\..::.

~~~

;--"

'."'

~~~

Air

.

Air

.

Air

.

Wat

er v

apor

. HC

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.

gase

s.

Wat

er v

apor

s.

~~~

,,;

lUi.P

Bag

filt

er. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Gas

was

her.

For

ced

draf

t.

Gas

was

her.

For

ced

draf

t.

Gas

was

her.

For

ced

draf

t

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

.;I;lt

JUJ

;,;.,.

; ;!A

CE

NT

RO

MIN

PER

UD

IRE

CC

I6N D

E A

SU

NT

OS

AM

BIE

NT

ALE

S

!\',:.

PUR

IFICA

TIO

NPL

AN

TX

XV

. Em

issions generated in purificalion tank No. l.

365

XX

VI. E

missions generated in purification tank N

o.365

XX

VII. E

missions generated in purification tank N

o.365

XX

VII. E

missions generated in purification tank N

o.365

XX

IX. E

missions generated in purification tank N

o.365

xxx.E

missions generated in purification tank N

o.365

XX

XI. E

missions generated in purification tank N

o.365

XXXII. Emissions in Zn cathode m

elting at Ajax I 365

Furnace.X

XIII. E

missions generated from

cooling of Zn bars in I 365

the molding m

achine.X

XX

IV. E

missions from

grinding and classification of Zn I 365

foams.

XX

XV

. Em

issions from com

bustion of Morgan Furnace I 365

of " scrap" melting of Z

n cathodes.Z

n DU

ST PL

AN

T\ I X

XX

VI. E

missions from

combustion f

urnace of Zn

I 365volatilizlllion retort N

o. I.X

XX

VII. E

missions from

combustion furnace of 1365

Zn volatilization retort N

o.X

XV

II. E

missions from

combustion furnace of I 365

Zn volatilization retort N

o.X

XIX

. Em

issions from com

bustion furnace of Zn

I 365volatilzation retort N

o.X

L. E

missions in leaching tank of lim

e-ash in tank I 365N

o.C

IUM

ESE

C.

:-;:!:;, . :-

-; .;-:';,,,:;;

None.

Acid v

apors (H

S04; I None. N

atural draft.Z

n50A

cid vapors (H

S04; I N

one. Natural draft.

ZnS04).

Acid v

apors (H

S04; I None. N

atural draft.Z

nS04).A

cid vapors (H

S04; I None. N

atural draft.Z

nS04)'A

cid vapors (H

S04; I None. N

atural draft.Z

nS04).A

cid vapors (H

S04; I None. N

atural draft.Z

nS04).Acids vapors (H

S04; I None. N

atural draft.Z

nS04).

I Com

bustion gases.

Water vapor.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

None.

I Zn P

articles.N

one. Forced draf".

None.

None. N

atural draft.

Dust and Zn paricles.

Air.

None. N

atural draft.

None.

Combustion gas. CO

None. N

atura! draft.

None.

Com

bustion gas.N

one. Natural draft.

Nonc.

Com

bustion gases.N

one. Natural draft.

None.

Com

bustion gases.N

one. Natural draft.

None.

Com

bustion gases.N

one. Natural draft.

None.

Acid v

apors (H

S04; I None. N

atural draft.Z

nS04)

:" "

rr!C

:'

,,,

.m.;

H;"o;: :':'

':I

""'::':':~~~

r:"

~~~~~~:t:

:,,

"".A.

..:"",.....".,".,.,..

CE

NT

RO

MIN

PER

UD

IRE

CC

I6N D

E A

SUN

TO

S AM

BIE

/'AL

ES

CO

KE

PLA

NT

XII. E

mission from

tower of w

ater elimination from

365tar.

PLA

NT

OF FL

UID

BE

D Z

N R

OA

STE

RS

XII.

Emission from collection hopper of roa

ted 365

pellets. Reactor N

o. I.X

IV. E

mission from colleciion hopper of r

oasted 365

pellets. Reactor N

o.X

V. Emission from collection hopper of r

oasted 365

pellets. Reactor N

o.X

VI.

Emission from mechanical transportation of dry 365

green pellels.X

VII. E

mission from lime-ash transportation (8B belts, 365

cooler, redler 7B 1/2).

PLANT OF TURBULENT BED ZN ROASTERS

AN

D O

F SUL

FUR

IC A

CID

XV

II. Em

ission from lransportation of recovered dust 365

of roaster fumes.

XIX

. Emission from neutral leaching tank of lime-ash 365

in tank No. I.

XX

. Em

ission from neulral leachii1g tank of lim

e-ash 365in tank N

o.X

XI. E

mission from

neulral leaching tank of lime-ash 365

in tank No.

XX

II. Em

ission from neulral leaching tank of lim

e-ash 365in tank N

o.X

XII. E

mission of ferrite tanks I and 2.

None.

Water

vaportar

None. N

atural draft.phenols.

Lime-ash dust (oxides of

Acid gases.

S02'N

one.N

atural draft., P

b, Fe, etc.

Lime-:Jsh dust (oxides of

Acid gases.

S02'N

one.N

atural draft., P

b, F

e, etc.

Lime-ash dust (oxides of

Acid gases.

S02.N

one.N

atural draft.Z

n, Pb, Fe, etc.D

ust of Zn concenlrates.

Air.

Bag filter. N

atural draft.

Lime-ash dust (oxides of

Dilutcd

acidgases,

None. F

orced draft., P

b, Fe

, etc.S02'

Lime-ash dust (oxides of

Air.

None. F

orced draft., P

b, F

e, etc.

None.

Acids vapors (H

S04;N

one.N

atural draft.Z

n S04).N

one.A

cidvapors

S04;N

one.N

atural draft.Z

nS04).N

one.A

cidvapors

S04;N

one.N

atural draft.Z

nS04).N

one.A

cidvapors

S04;N

one. Natural draft.

ZnS04).

None.

Acid

vaporsS04;

None. N

atural draft.Z

nS04.Lim

e-ash dust (oxides ofA

cidvapors

S04;B

ag filters. Forced draft.Z

n, Pb, Fe, etc.

ZnS04).

365

XX

IV. E

m.ission from

pellets mils and fine and thick 365

classifiers. Air trans ortation s stem

of lime-ash.

CIU

ME

SEC

.DO

C.

CE

NT

RO

MIN

PE

RU

DIR

EC

CI6

N D

E A

SU

NT

OS

AM

BIE

NT

ALE

S

XL

I. E

mis

sion

s fr

om c

ombu

stio

n furnace of Zn

I 365

vola

tilza

tion

reto

rt N

o.X

LII

. Em

issi

ons

from

com

bust

ion furnace of Zn

I 365

vola

tiliz

atio

n re

tort

No.

CA

DM

IUM

PL

AN

T N

o.X

LII

I. Emissions comhustion chamber of

cadm

ium

I 36

5di

stila

tion

reto

rt N

o.X

LIV

. Em

issi

ons

from

air

of

cadm

ium

wei

ghtin

g., 3

65

XL

V. E

mis

sion

s fr

om le

achi

ng a

nd p

urif

icat

ion

1365

cadm

ium

tank

s.X

LV

I. E

mis

sion

s fr

om th

e 5

cem

enta

tion

tank

s an

d th

e I 3

653

reco

very

cel

ls.

CA

DM

IUM

PL

AN

T N

o.X

LV

II. E

missions from 12 precipitation cells of I 3

65ca

dmiu

m s

pong

e.X

LV

II. E

missions from 2 tanks of leaching, I or I 3

65ci

rcul

atio

n an

d I

of te

stin

g.X

LIX

. Em

issi

ons

of f

erro

us s

alut

ion

tank

.PL

AN

T F

OR

ZIN

C LEACHING WASTE

TR

EA

TM

EN

TL. Emissions from tr

ansp

orta

tion

of w

aste

"ca

ke" and I 3

65waste drier.

LI.

Com

bust

ion

gas

emis

sion

fro

m w

aste

dri

er.

365

365

LII

. Em

issi

ons

from

buc

ket m

echa

nica

l I 3

65tr

ansp

orta

tion.

dry

was

te a

nd a

nthr

acite

silo

s.L

III.

Em

issi

ons

Kiln

fur

nace

.L

IV. E

mis

sion

s in

mag

netic

sep

arat

ion.

365

365

CH

iME

SEC

. DO

.

1".

.'"

Non

e.C

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

Non

e.C

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

Non

e.C

omhu

stio

n ga

ses.

Non

e.Uncontrolled emission

of c

ombu

stio

n ga

ses

Aci

d va

pors

. -N

one.

Non

e

':'...

I" .

Nat

ural

dra

ft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Aci

d va

pors

(ris

k of

I N

one.

For

ced

draf

t.ar

sena

min

e).

Non

e.A

cid

vapo

rs.

Non

e.A

cid

vapo

rs.

Non

e.A

cid

vapo

rs.

Min

eral

dus

t (Z

n fe

rrite

)W

ater

vap

or.

Non

e.C

ombu

stio

n

Air

.M

iner

al d

ust (

Zn

ferr

ite).

Min

eral

dus

t (Z

n ox

ides

).Mineral dust (Fe and

oxid

es).

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.A

ir.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

gase

s. I

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Dus

t mul

ticyc

lon.

For

ced

draf

t.

Bag

filt

er. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

CE

NT

RO

MIN

PE

RU

DIR

EC

CI6

N D

E A

SU

NT

OS

AM

BIE

NT

ALE

S

LV

. Em

issi

ons

from

neu

tral

leac

hing

tanks, acid 365

leac

hing

, ind

ium

pre

cipi

tatio

n an

d ne

utra

lizat

ion

tank

s.IN

DIU

M P

LA

NT

LV

I. Em

issions from 2 indium cr

ucib

les,

ext

ract

ion

365

cell

by s

olve

nts,

4 c

emen

tatio

n in

dium

cel

ls a

nd 2

stor

age

tank

s (1

ofH

CI

and

one

orga

nic)

.L

VII

. Emissions from acid washing tank, acid leaching 36

5ta

nk, a

lkal

ine

leac

hing

tank

, 2 a

uxili

ary

tank

s, S

oln

dum

p, S

oln

stor

age

tank

, "

Preg

nant

, ppn

tank

, HC

l, of

ppn

, NaO

H, a

mon

g ot

hers

.A

NO

DIC

WA

STE

PL

AN

TLVII. Fume

emis

sion

s ge

nera

ted

duri

ng S

b an

d Bi 365

oxid

izat

ion

of S

in C

onve

rter

s N

o. I

, No.

LIX

. Fum

e em

issi

ons

gene

rate

d du

ring

Sb

and Bi 365

oxid

atio

n of

S in

Con

vert

ers

No.

3, N

o.L

X. F

umtemissions generated during Bi reduction in 36

5R

educ

tion

Rev

erbe

rato

ry F

umac

e.LX

I. 'E

mis

sion

s in

fur

nace

of

cup:

; No.

1,

2, a

nd 3

.36

5

LX

H. E

mis

sion

s fr

om f

iter

entr

ance

of

cups

No.

I, 2

365

and

3.

LX

II. E

m:s

sion

s B

i pan

s N

o.3 ana 4.

365

LX

IV. E

mis

sion

s in

refi

ning

pan

No.

,LX

V. E

mis

sion

s in

refinin an No.

CIU

ME

SEC

.DO

C.

com

bust

ion

cham

ber

of b

ism

uth.

365

combustion chamber of bismuth 365

' .,.-

. --,

--

.,--_

._:.:

., ,

, -

:;, :1

..

:':

C, -

:iiL

,

. ,' . -: :, :

: ;.,

:':. :,

': '' .

':- '

. ,: '

-, ,

Non

e.A

cid

vapo

rs.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e.A

cid

vapo

rs.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e.C

ombu

stio

n ga

s.N

one.

Nat

ural

dra

ft.

Scar

cedu

st(m

etal

licC

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

Bag

filt

er. F

orce

d dr

aft.

oxid

e).

Scar

cedu

st(m

etal

lcC

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

Bag

fite

r. F

orce

d dr

aft.

oxid

e).

Scar

ce m

etal

lic d

ust.

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.Bag fiter. Forced dr

aft.

Sear

cedu

st(m

et::l

licC

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

Tro

mbo

nes,

gas

was

her

and

oxid

e).

precipitation. Electrostatic

, hum

id.

Scar

cedu

st(m

etal

licC

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

Bag fiter. Forced dr

aft.

oxid

e).

Scar

cedu

st(m

etal

lcC

hlor

ide

gase

s.B

ag f

ilter

. For

ced

draf

t.ox

ide)

.Sc

arce

dust

(met

allc

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.N

one.

Nat

ural

dra

ft.ox

ide)

.Sc

arce

dust

(met

allc

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.N

one.

Nat

ural

dra

ft.ox

ide)

.

DIR

EC

C.6

N

~~~~

~~

mE

NT

AL

ES

. /' -

-

LX

VI.

Em

i:,si

ons

in c

ombu

stio

n ch

ambe

r of

bismuth 365

refi

ning

pan

No.

LX

VII

. Em

issi

ons

in c

ombu

stio

n ch

ambe

r of

bis

mut

h 36

5re

fini!1

g pa

n N

o.L

XV

II. E

mis

sion

s in

com

hust

ion

cham

ber

of b

ism

uth

365

refi

ning

pan

No.

LX

IX. E

mis

sion

s in

com

bust

ion

cham

ber

of b

ism

uth

365

refi

ning

pan

No.

I LX

X. .

Emissions in tellurium melting.

365

LX

Xi.

Em

issi

ons

in s

elen

ium

sol

utio

n pr

ecip

itatio

n an

d 36

5pu

rifi

calio

n ta

nk N

o. I

.L

XX

I!. E

mis

$:on

s in

sel

eniu

m s

olut

ion

prec

ipita

tion a!1d 365

puri

fica

tion

tank

No.

SIL

VE

R R

EFI

NE

RY

PL

AN

TL

XX

II. E

mis

sion

s of

par

titio

n pa

n N

o. I

and

cem

enta

tion

365

silv

er ta

nk.

LX

XIV

. Emi$siOJ1s ofpr.rition pan No.

2 an

d ce

men

tatio

n 36

5silver tank.

LX

XV

. Emissions of combustion chambers of the 2

365

part

ition

pan

s.L

XX

VI.

Off

ce a

nd dressing-room ventilation.

365

LX

XV

II. V

entilation of skylights by 4 ventiiators. 36

5L

XX

VII

. Vcntilnliol1 of pa

n room by 2

365

vent

ilato

rs.

LXXIX. Ventilation of machine house by I ventilator. 36

5\ LXXX. Ventilation of room I of

rect

ifier

s by

I 365

vent

ilato

r.

CIU

ME

SEC

. DO

C.

':' :

,

f:

Scar

cedu

st(m

etal

licC

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

oxid

e).

Scar

cedu

st(m

eral

JcC

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

oxid

e).

Scar

cedu

st(m

etal

licC

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

oxid

e).

Scar

cedu

st(m

eta1

!ic

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.ox

ide)

.Sc

arce

dust

(me:

allic

Com

bust

ion

gase

s.ox

ide)

.N

one.

Acid vapors

Non

e.A

cid

vapo

rs.

Non

e.A

cid

vapo

rs. N

ON

one.

Nat

ural

dra

ft.

Non

e.A

cid

vapo

rs. N

ON

one.

Nat

ural

dra

ft.

Non

e.C

ombu

stio

n ga

ses.

Non

e.N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e.E

nviro

nmen

tal a

ir.N

one.

For

ced

draf

t.N

one.

Env

ironm

enta

l air.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e.E

nviro

nmcn

tnl n

ir.N

one.

ror

ced

draf

t.

Non

e.E

nviro

nmen

tal a

ir.N

one.

For

ced

draf

t.N

one.

Env

ironm

enta

l air.

Non

e. F

orce

d dr

aft.

?;,q

;;J;u

r~~~

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Gas

scr

ubbe

r. F

orce

d dr

aft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

Non

e. N

atur

al d

raft.

,., ,

''---

--, '

'.'. ,

:,' -

- --

-: -

:,; .

; ':'

CE

NT

RO

MIN

PE

RU

DIR

EC

CIO

N D

E A

SU

NT

OS

AM

BIE

NT

ALE

S

" . .

"

. . ,

. '. '

. .' .

' ,.

"'. -

'. '

" . .

.. '

. -

- .

' ' '

- -

' . t

, - -"

:. .

: '

' , ,

" ,,

. - . '

.' :

'" -

, ,

.."

-- " "

. :"

SAl\PLE LOCATIONS

, .. .

' '. ,

, ". .

. ". .

.'i: ,

CO

KE

PL

AN

TPA

TIO

OF

STR

UC

fUR

AL

WO

RK

SHO

PS

TR

UC

f. W

. AN

D IN

TE

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_- - - - .

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5. MITIGATION PLANS1 Introduction

The Plan for Mitigation is oriented towards the physical implementation ofenvironmental control projects. The purpose of ths plan is to reduce the concentration ofcontats resulting from metallurgical operations and discharges to the environment tocomply with the maximum permssible limts legally established by the Minstr of Energyand Mines.-0,

. ,

The Mitigation Plan contained in the Environmental Impact Program (ElF) for LaOroya Metallurgic Complex includes an investment schedule that allows the complex tocomply with the regulations for metallurgical operations with a 10 year period. TheProgram for Enviornental Adjustment and Mangement (P AMA) considers a sum tota US$129. 12 milion. (Table 5. 1.1).

- J

It is necessary to mention tht the implementation of the mitigation measures isdependent upon additional investments to change the existing technology to accomodte theproposed mitigation plan. Ths additional investment is in the neighborhood of US$ 141,millon. The total investment sum, therefore , is US$ 270 16 millon, and includes technologychanges and PAM implementation for La Oroya Metallurgic Complex. (Table 5. 1.2).

The Off Gas and Dust Collection Prefeasibilty Study of the Environmental Aspects ofCopper, Zinc and Lead Smelter of La Oroya by Kiborn-SNC-Lavalin Europe ConsultatFir , estimates a US$ 269,00 millon investment, which confIrms the afore entioned amount(Table 5. 1.3).

2 Project Implemented to Control and Reduce Envionmenta ImpactThe most relevant mitigation projects are as follows:

1939: Intiate operation of the Sulfuric Acid Plant to capture gas from the copper roasters.1941: Intall the electrostatic precipitators for dust recovery (Central Cottell System).1960: Complete the ventilation system for the Agglomeration/Sintering Plant.1964: Improve the ventilation in the slag furnaces, ducts and lead wells.1966: Improve the ventilation in the Agglomeration\Sinterig Plant by intaling a scrubber.1967: Begin operations in the 200 tpd. New Sulfuric Acid Plant.1969: Begin operations at the Arsenic Plant's new Heating Cottell. Begin Phase I of the

Dust Treatment Plant.1970: Intall a continuous slag extraction system in Lead Furnce No.1978: Intal a new humd electrostatic precipitator at the Sulfuric Acid Plant.1983: Begin operationof the new Agglomeration\Sintering Plant. Capacity : 810 t/d. Ths

single up draft machie replaces 11 machies (5 up draft and 6 down draft)with a US$60 millon investment.

1990: Intiate metallurgic tests to change the metallurgic index in the Copper Smelter. InDecember 1990 the tests are optimed.

1991: Modify Lead Furnce N 3. The intermttent casting was changed to continuous casting.The previous design corresponding to the Arents siphon was changed to a Roy TapperBin.

1992: Recirculate sludge from the thckenig tank (from the Agglomeration\Sintering Plantscrubbers), removing the Oliver fiter, contributing to the reduction of contats the Mantaro River.In March, civil works in the New LINDE Oxygen Plant were staed with a US$ 24millon investment.

In October , the Bag House (60 bags) was intalled to improve the work environment inthe sifting and grinding unit.

1993: Intall the new ventilation system (SVEL)for FBR zinc roasters (Januar). Theventilation system for copper tin ash unload was also intalled.

1994: Conclude the electromechanc and intrental assemply of the Oxy-Fuel Plant onJanuary 17th. Ths project was executed with a US$2 millon investment by techncalpersonnel from Centromin according to the advice of. Candian enterprises: INCOEINCO and SNC LA VALIN.The achievements from the changes in the metallurgic index and the Oxy-Fuel Projectbetween 1989 and 1995 were:- Reduction of 100, 193t pyrites equivalent to 82 158t of S02 and to 127 757t of H(indecies reduced from 1,9899 to 0 7239 t of Cu pyrites/t between 1989 and 1995).- Reduction of 124 800 of slags (indecies reduced from 5,52 to 3 13t of Cu slags/tbetween 1989 and 1995). - Reduction of 30 220 t of residual oil No.6 (indecies reduced from 0 935 to 0 36 t .oil/t of Cu between 1989 and 1995).- Reduction of gas volume from 72 600 to 50,220 Nm /h (theoretically 19 00 Nm /h),improving ambient air quality.- Compacted smelter by deactivationg reverberation Furnce N 1 and 2 buckets and 6copper roasters.- Dismantle copper reverberation furnce N 1 and buckets.- Dismantle the old Agglomeration\Sintering Plant.

1995: Reduce the number of roasting units from 18 to 12 (8 for Cu , 2 for Pb , 1 for As and 1for Sb), improving gas and dust collection.

1996: Initiate the dismantling of 6 roasters. This task wil conclude in the fIrst quarer of1997.On June 7th, the Lead RefInery staed operations. Begin the project to recoverfluorsilceous acid , though fitration and recycling of lead anodic sludge and solutions(LAROX Filter). The fItered acid solutions are recycled to the electrolitic cells thtclose the circuit elimting the effuent emissions (from ths plant) to the Yauli River.- Intall oxygen pipes in the Agglomeration\Sintering and Residue Plants. The use ofoxygen wil allow: an increase in production capacity of both plants; a reduction indust and gas emissions; a reduction in fuel consumption; and an elimtion of SodiumNitrate consumption, which generates nitrous gases.- Recirculation of some liquid effuents , like a portion of those from the N 1 can , thewire plant and others.- A pilot septic ta was built and used to treat sewage comig from santa 'servicesand lavatories.- Forest the banks of the Mantaro River, as well as the entrance of and areas aroundthe smelter.- Improve the Copper and Lead slags tranporttion system by cable rail, reducingspils to the Mantao River.

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ADJUSTMNT AN MAAGEMENT PROGRA (PAM)

Period 199-2006

Thousands US$141 040129 125

270 165

Note : Investments for the operative continuity and improvement of processes are notconsidered in the US$ 270 165 millon amount.

PREFEASmILITY STUY OF TH ENVONMNT ASPECTS OF COPPER, ZINCLEAD

Contract No. SLC079

CIRCUI CASE US$ MILIONCOPPER c) 7000 t/year Cu using CMT for clean 125

concentrates with new dir concentrateroaster.

LEAD f) 100 00 - 11000 tpy Pb new technology - 119Intal with AUSMELT System

ZINC d) 7000 tpy Zn old F.B.R. replaced with newL.R. and replace existing. Sulfuic acid

plant to give 99.5 % recovery of S02 to acid.TOTAL 295,

NOTE: Each case includes a new acid plant per Circuit. If we consider tht the productioncapacities are the same and tht only 2 new sulfuc acid plants are required for atotal production of 505 OOyear, intead of 3 acid plants , then the total amountaccording to Kiborn-SNC-Lavin Europe would be : US$ 269,00 mion (295 8 -

8 one acid plant value), an amount simar to that estited by GOME-CentromlPeru S. , or US$ 270,16 mion.

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3 MITIGATION PROJECTS - INSTMNT BUDGET

No. Project Name ThousandsUS$

New sulfuric acid plants 9000Elimination of fugitive as from the Coke plantUse of carbonated oxy en in the Anodic Residues PlantSmoke Affected Areas 2 00Mother Water Treatment -Copper Refmery 500Smelter Cooling Water Re circulating SystemMangement and disposal of the acid solutions from the dustprocess - Silver RefmerySmelter industrial liquids treatment plant- La Oroya 2 500,

Concrete Retention Wall for lead mud at Zileret Plant-ZincDivisionRe circulation of water used in the granulation of speissprocess - Lead SmelterNew Washig Anode System - Zinc Refmery 15,Copper and Lead Slag Mangement and disposal 6 500,Copper and Lead Deposits Closure Abandonment 7 750,Arsenic Trioxide Deposit, Malpaso deposit closure , Vado 10 700deposit closure and new deposit in Vado.Zinc Ferrites 5 600,Sewage water treatment and arbage disposal at La Oroya 3 500,TOTAL 129, 125,00 .

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Gas and Particulate Matter Emissions

Project No.

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Objectives Fix the S02 emissions due the metallurgical operations and reach themaximum permissible level.

Impact Air soil and water contation which affect the physical, biological andSOCIO economic environment due the emissions 899 t/day S02 and

t/d dust.Mitigation Two sulfuric acid plants wil intalled:

smelter acid plant of 235 OOyearPbl circuit of 270 t/year smelter acid plantMitigation results:Fix mium 83% S02 generated.

the 515t/d (188 261 t/year) sulfu input the system, approxitely11 Ot d S02 wil emitted the environmentDaily concentration of the S02 wil below 572 ug/m and the dustemissions wil below 100 mg/m regulated R.M. 315-96-EM/VMM

Execution Smelter Acid Plant 2003Schedule Smelter Acid Plant Zinc circuit 005

Investment Smelter Acid Plant US$41, millonsAmount Smelter Acid Plant US$5OO

Sources Kilborn SNC Lavalin Europe, Brrok Hunt E&MJ Janua 1996, RevistaMineria chilena iuly 1995

Projec No.

1Bl1.ma:t lit a&f)lI Eit BBJI

. .

Objectives Elimnate the fugitive emissions to the environment, durig loading andunloadin from coke furnces.

1m act , Atmos heric contationMitigation Lengten the coke cycle from 18 h to 24 h and buy metallurgic coke from

aboard to com ensate for the reduction in internl coke roductionNot included in PAMA , considered as "operation continuity and processim rovement" Table 2/1GOME - P. S.

InvestmentAmountSources

Project No.

1m actMiti ation

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmount

Sources

Projec No.

Reduce the use of residual petroleum No. 6 used for combustion andelimate the use of sodium nitrate during the last stage of the Cupelationrocess

Contamination of environmental b nitric ases

Use of carbonated ox en in the Cu elation rocessFirst semester 1997

US$391 Not included at PAMA , considered as "operation continuity and processim rovement " Table 2/1GOME- C. P. S.

Objectives

1m actMiti ation

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmountSources

Projec No.

Detenne the area of impact , establish the curent status and plan theactions to be taen to restore the dam ed areas.Area affected = 3 829 haRecover for a riculture 1167 ha.Year 1997 US$2oo From 200 to 2002 US$ 1 80 millonsUS$2 00 milion

DIR. DE ASUNTOS AMBIENTALES - C. P. S.

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Objectives , Treat the ferrous acidic solutions from copper refmery that are dischaged toYauli River and obtain a neutralized solution suitable for recycling and/ordischarge prior to Nickel recovery. Purify the Raff solution to obtain a fmaeffuent with contents of impurities under the maximum permssible limtsset b the M.

1m act Contaation of Yauli RiverMitigation Pre-dilution process , ionic interchange/electrowing (SX -EW),

neutralization.First semester 1997Execution

Pro ram

InvestmentAmountSources

US$5oo

DIV de INV. METALURGICAS- C.

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Objectives Separate cooling water from containation sources of the smelterenvironment Increase of containated water volume.Canalization and re circulation of water to ower house

Year 1997

Projec No.

1m actMiti ation

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmount

Sources

Project No.

US$41 350Not included in PAMA, considered as "operation continuity and processim rovement" Table 2/1ENGINEERIG DESIGNS - C.

Objectives, I

1m actMitigation

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmountSources

. .

Avoid Mantao River contamination, by discharge of acid solutions resultingfrom the old arition rocess at the silver refmeMantao River contation because of dischar e of ad\! solutions.Parial replacement of sulfuric acid use in the zinc circuit with high acidsolutions from the silver refmery.

Completion by second semester 1996

Not included in PAMA, considered as "operation continuity and processim rovement" Table 2/1ENGINEERIG DESIGNS - C.

Project No.

Objectives

1m actMitigation

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmountSources

Projec No.

Obtain effuent toward Mantaro River with the elemental contents accordingto maximum ermssible levels (R.M No. 011-96) for metallur ical activi Mantao River contaation b metallc elements and acid solutionsEffuent treatment plant implementation, with treatment capacity of

/mi.incorporatig a neutralization process and precipitation with flocculant.

Mitigation results:Finl effuent discharged to Mantao River with the followingconcentrations :Component conc. (mg/l) Max. perm. level (mg/l) RMN No. 11-As oe 0 01 1,Cd oe 0Fe oe 0Pb c: 0Mn 0Cu C:0Zn 0Total Sol. 7(I /h)

Years 1998 - 200

US$2 50 Milion

Consular: ECOLAB S.

Objectives

1m actMitigation

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmountSources

Intall a concrete wall to store the lead mud discharged from the hydroZileret metallur ical lantContaination of arallel chanel with acid solutions and metallc elementsRecover and recirculate the acid solutions to the acid leachig circuit at theh drometalur ic unit.First semester 1997

US$5

GOME - C.

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Project No.

Objectives

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1m actMiti ation

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmountSources

Projec No.

Eliminte Mantao River contaation due to contats and suspendedsolids from s eiss ranulation waters.Mantaro River contationPut the s iss ranulation waters in a closed circuitFirst semester 1997

US$55

GOME - C.

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Ob. ectives Elimte Mantaro River contation1m act Mantao River contation with solids aricles and acidMitigation Optime water consumption though automiation of anode washig system

Residual volume wil be treated in the treatment plant for industrial liquideffuents.Year 1997Execution

ScheduleInvestmentAmountSources

, ,

US$15

GOME C.

Project No.

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PI)f;jt:;, wSj!I' J:QI$E)S-Objectives Elimate suspended solids contaation the Mantao River from en

ranulation water derived from copper and lead slaImpact Suspended solids and contating ions produced the moment

granulation and slag transporttion are discharged the Mantao RiverMitigation Intallation of two ffA rotating dewaterers and new granulation system

new recirculation and tranport of water of granulation.

With ths implementation the discharge of waters of granulation wilelimted and wil avoid the loss of slags the Mantao River.

Execution Year 1997 1999. Utilize equipment to separate solid/lquid acquisitionSchedule of additional equipment to intal the circulation and separation system, new

tranport system.

Investment Year 1997 US$850Amount Year 1998 US$3, Milion

Year 1999 US$2 MilionTotal US$6 Millon

Sources Consultat: RES CAN PERU

Projec No.

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Objectives Evaluate the stabilty and remainng storage capacity of the Huanchadeposit , and establish the required work to mitigate or elimte theenvironmental im acts.Static and dynac stabilty of depositsParicles and chemical dissolution from runoff and sewa e water.

Mitigation Inastrctue work; diversion cans, concrete retention wall and cappingwork.Implementation of storage plan which considers the height and slopes of thedepositRecover of the de osit area and constrct a new de osit constrction.Year 1997 to 2 002.

Impact

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmountSources

US$7 75 Milion

Consultat: RESCAN PERU S.

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Project No.

Objectives

Impact

Mitigation

,',

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ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmountSources

Mitigate the environmental contation from the Malpaso and Vadoarsenic trioxide deposits, prepare deposits for closure and constrct a newusin the best available technolo accordin to environmental control laws.Curent Malpaso and Vado deposits, which were built under the stadards ofthe time , generate air and water pollution due to winds erosion and effuentdischar es to the Mantao River b water see a e durin rain seasonContain and cap the deposits, and intal a leach detection system designedto control the release of environmental contats and control exposure topublic resources. Old deposit area wil assume its natual appearance, ortht of its suroundings.Ai quality as well as Mantao River water wil comply with maimum

rmssible levels b the MEM.Year 1997 to 2 001

US$10 70 Milion

Consultat: A. l. INTERNATIONAL INC

Pro ect No.

:i(Ths project refers to the zinc ferrites stored at Huanchan, 3 km from the La OroyaMetallurgical Complex.The amount of waste stored is 1 242 739 t valued approximtely at US$230 milion dueto its metal contents of Zn, Ag, Cd, Cu.

Scenario No.

Scenaio No.

Ob. ective

Impacto

Mitigation

ExecutionScheduleInvestmentAmount

Source

Enlargement of deposits thee and four, techncal closure of fourdepositsTechncal and economical feasibilty of zinc ferrites processing.

Scenario No.Techncal closure of de osits containn zinc ferritesContation of Mantao River with discharge of diluted Zn, Cd, Fe , andsulphate solutions from the deposits. Zinc Ferrtes (Ft;03ZnO) arecomprised of inoluble iron tht contain other soluble meta which aretranported from the zinc refmery as a sludge.Atmospheric containtion via wind blow dust. Mantao rivercontation risk due to slo e failure durin a seismic event.This wi be conducted in stages:

- Slope reinorcement of four deposits- Inastrcture work, diversion canls; retention wall and cappingoperations

3. - Chaelization of effuent discharged toward the industrial effuenttreatment plant.

- Impermeablize and elimte sulphate leachig solution and parculate matter.

Mitigation results :Elimte contingency risk during a seismic event, and mae effuentsdischarged to Mantao River comply with the maximum permssible levels.Component. conc.(mg/l) Max. level permtted (mg/l) R.S. 11-As oe 0,01 1Cd c: 0,Fe oe 0,, Pb c: 0,Mn 0,Cu c: 0,Zn 0Solid. tot. (k /h) 7Years 1997 to 2002

50,

Year 1997 US$850 Year 1998 US$3 36 MillonYear 1999 US$2 29 MilionsTotal US$6,50 MilionsConsultora: RESCAN PERU S. ; ECOLAB S.R.L.

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1 PROJECT No 1

NEW SULFUC ACID PLANS

1. OBJCTIVS:

This project s main objectives are to mitigate adverse effects of S02 and pariculates containedin the gas emissions derived from La Oroya Metallurgic Complex operations and to complywith emission regulations and air quality guidelines established by M. M in accordance withattchments 1 and 3 of Minsterial Resolution No 315-96 EM/DMM.

2. IMACT ASSESSMENT

Emissions through Chieys

Gases and dust produced in the smelting circuits are emitted out to the atmospherethough the main 167 5 m height chiey of 95 secondar chieys of varable heightand some spots of uncontrolled emissions. The volume of gas and discharged andmetalic contents of the emissions for 1995 were as follows:

Bv volume /se2Main stack 603Iron stack

By suspended solids m2/NmMain stack 161

Iron stack 67,

By meta content m2/Nm

Main stack 26, 43, 15 622

Iron stack 11, 5,42

The largest gas (816 t of SO/day) and metallc pariculate (8.4 t/day) emissions comefrom the main chiey. In 1995 only 11.50 % of sulfur enterig the process was fied(7.20% as sulfuric acid and 4.30% as slags , liquid effuents , ferrites , etc.

Ai Qualty

The assessment of atmospheric air quality at La Oroya Metalurgic Complex isconducted though continous monitoring of S02 and suspended paricles at 5 stationsas described in Chapters 4 and 7.

Sulfur Balance

The sulfur balance at La Oroya Metallurgic Complex for 1995 was as follows:

Inflow ton of SCopper concentrates 78080,Lead concentrates 43 282Zinc concentrates 51 011,

Copper smelters 9441Lead smelters 6 934Others (* 1 320,Total input 190 069, 100,

Outflow (fIXed) ton of S % (related to inflow)Sulfuric Acid 13 681Copper slag 4 239Lead slag 1 427 755ZnI A~ Concentrates 652Liquid effuents 551Zinc Ferrites 786Main stack dusts 300,Others (**) 224Tota output (fIXed) 21 863, 11,

Lost through the chey and 168 206, 88,fuRitive emiions (related to input)

Diagram No 1 shows the mangement of gas and dust and sampling stationsinide the smelter.

3. MIIGATION ALTERNATIV

Process Selection

To mitigate the effect of S02 emissions we have evaluated alterntive processes fordifferent fIxations of sulfur prior to being emitted though the main chiey (gysumamonium sulfate, liquid S02 and elementa sulfur production).

Sulfuric AcidThe production of sulfuric acid was selected as the most viable alterntive for thefollowing reasons:

, '

It offers a well-known, disseminated, and tested conventionaltechnology.

There is a potential demand for sulfuric acid in the short and mediumterm with the Southerican market.The project incorporates an importt technological change inoperations and processes at the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex , aimedat achieving greater global competitiveness for the Company

Approximtely 90% of sulfur production, in all its form, is fIxed as

sulfuric acid or is ultimately turned into sulfuric acid, 60% of which isused for the fertilizer industr.

A great number of modem industrial products use sulfuic acid ,durgsome stage of their maufacturing. Sulfuc acid is a multiuse productand, due to its low cost and its use as a dring, acidifying, hydrolyzing,polimeriing, neutralizing, dehydrating, oxidizing, absorbing, leachig,or catayzing agent and as a reagent in the petro-chemical industr andinorganc chemistr.

Income derived from sulfuc acid sales positively inuences the netcash-flow of the smelters and occasionally could parialy compensatefor the fluctuations in copper, lead and zinc prices.

Alternative Product to Sulfurc Acid

a) GypsumThe process requires gases with low S02 concentration (2 to 3%). Thswould require the dilution of high concentration gases produced byapplying new smelting technologies. Ths plan would also produce alarge amount of Gypsum that has little or no contribution to smeltigincome due to present maket price limtations.

b) Amonium Sulfate (Mare process)Techncally, it is possible to produce ths nitrogenous fertizing

material, which is in great demand in the agricultual regions ofMantaro valley such as Tara and Chachamayo near La Oroya.However, there are no large scale amonia producing plants near thsarea, therefore , it is would be necessar to bring import amonia from

, far places which would increase the product price.

c) Elementa SulfurThis process requires gases with S02 concentrations between 75 and80%, oxygen use, and large amounts of coke or hydrocarbonated fuels.Also, elementa sulfur has a high energy cost and since it is easilyflamable, it demads special security measures to avoid fIres.

d) Liquid SO;!

This project also requires gases with high concentrations of S02 (over60%). Its transporttion in pressurized ta is expensive and themarket for liquid SO;! is very limted.

2 Market for Sulfurc Acid:

Consumption in Centromi Peru S.Internal consumption of sulfuic acid is 16 100 t/year.

Local MarketCentromi Peru S.A. supplies the local maket with 20 00 t/year of H S04 of 98.

and 6 800 t/year of oil with 24% of free S03.

Potential Market in ChieThe potential market for sulfuc acid produced by La Oroya Metallurgic Complex isalso focused on mig activity in nortern Chile, due both to its location and greatdemad. The increase in demad is derived though futue exploitation of large highvalue oxidized mieral deposits that wil be leached with acid and lined to the SX - EWprocess which is of low operational cost and is easy to hadle and controlenvironmentaly.

Sulfuric acid market anyses conducted by the Chiean Commssion of Copper(Comisi6n Chiena del Cobre - Cochico) in 1997, shows that the Chilean marketwould have an anual deficit of 1 200 00 t of acid and we estiate tht by about 1998- 2 , anual demad wil reach 4 300 00 t, considering the implementation importt leachig projects such as : Zaldivar , EI Abra, Rodomio Tomic , Collahuasi(an acid demand of 200 00 t/year), Tesoro and Leonor (an acid demand of 100,t/year), Lomas y Bayas (an acid demand of 100 00 t/year) , Daman at Div. EISalvador Division (an acid demand of 275 00 t/year), Vandio and Andacollo (an aciddemad of 140 00 t/year), among others (Minera Chie magazine No 169, July 1995).

Potential Market in PeruGovernent policy in favour of industr and privatition causes us to anticipate amedium term development of the fertilizer industr aftr privatition of phosphoricrock deposits in Bayovar. Ths industr wil become a new maket for sulfuric acid.

In addition, we estimate tht with the next 10 years in Peru numerous copperdeposits wil be developed using sulfuric acid during their production, among these wehave: Toromocho, Anta, La Granja, Cyprus , Cerro Verde and Magma CopperTintaya. The countr wil increase its reserves of oxidized Cu mierals from 14billon pounds in 1996 to 24 bilion of pounds in 200 (in the spansh document itstates 14B de libras , we are assumg 14B means 14 bilion), thus becomig a largeacid consumer (E&MJ Januar 1996: "Magma puts the pedal to the metal"

";-

3 About the Project

IntroductionThe capacity of sulfuric acid plants is estimated based on an anual productionof refmed 70 00 t/Cu, 100,00 t/Pb and 70,00 t/Zn.

This project is based on the considerations issued by the prefeasibilty studydeveloped by Kilborn SNC-Lavalin Europ "Offgas and dust collection.Prefeasibilty study of the environmental aspects of the La Oroya copper, zincand lead smelter. "

Moderniation with new technolo2ieThe project requires the previous modernation of the thee circuits, as detailedas follows:

a) Copper SmeltingA new roaster for dir concentrates located over the oxyfuel reverberationfurnce to replace the eight existig roasters , a drer, and model - El Teniente -

modified converter, selected for its flexibilty and versatiity to, adapt todifferent operationa conditions and various concentrate mieralogicalcharacteristics, as well as its low investment and operation costs, highproductivity in equipment, and high content of S02 in the gases produced.

The sulfur input and the concentration of S02 in gas emissions obtained aftermodernation wil be: Processed sulfu, 79,283 t/year (equivalent to 235t/year of sulfuic acid).

9% of the S02 concentration from oxy-fuel reverberation fuce and newroaster.

12 to 16% of the S02 concentration from PS and CMT converters.

b) Led SmeltigAn Ausmelt process line wil replace the current agglomeration plants and leadfuces allowing the direct processing of concentrates and secondar lead

, materials with a sulfu imput of 45 693 t/year (equivalent to 135,00 t/year ofsulfuric acid), and a gas output with an S02 concentration between 10 to 15 %.

c) Zinc CircuitIntallation of a new turbulent bed roaster (T.L.R.) to replace the current

L.R and the 3 fluid bed roasters (F. R.) to allow for a sulfur imput of693 t/year (equivalent to 135,00 t/year of sulfuric acid) and gas output with

a S02 concentration of 6 %.

Projec Description and Facilties LotionThe project includes intallation of two new plants to produce double absorptionand double contact sulfuric acid to optime conversion of S02 to S03. Theseunits should operate with a mium effciency of 95 % and should fix amium of 83 % of the S02 produced in the thee circuits.

a) Sulfuric Acid Plant No 1, with a 23S,OOO t/yea capacity (Copper circuit)Includes an industrial inastructure to produce 235,00 t/year of sulfuric acidprocessing gases generated though Copper Smelting (pS converters,

Teniente modified converter, new roaster for dir concentrates and curentoxy-fuel reverberation furnace).

Gases from the PS and CMT converters after being captured by collector bellsare conducted to evaporating refrigeration chambers (one for each converter)where they enter the hot electrostatic precipitator though a high speed tube fordust recovery, and then pass to a gas washig system to remove arsenic andother impurities by mean of a washig tower (acid at 50%), scrubbers,cyclones, refrigeration tower and stages of humd electrostatic precipitation(Boliden process). Liquid effuents (used acid with arsenic and otherimpurities), wil be neutralized in a treatment plant and recovered dust wil recirculate to the lead circuit.

Gases produced in the new dir concentrates roaster and those from oxy-fuelreverberation fuce, after passing though a heat recovery boiler, are treatedaccording to the Boliden process.

Durig normal operations , gases free from impurities are fed into the sulfuricacid plant, and in case the acid plant is not workig well or there is anemergency, the gas current can be diverted to the main chiey.

b) Sulfuric Acid Plant No 2 with a 270,00 t/year capacity (LadCircuit/Zinc Circuit)Ths plant includes an industrial inrastrcture to produce 270,00 t/year ofsulfuric acid that wil process gases from the lead smelter (Ausmelt reactor) andZinc circuit (new T.L.R.).

Gases comig from the Ausmelt reactor wil follow the treatment describedabove for copper gases. T. R. roaster gases for zinc concentrates are fed into

the cyclones , after passing though the heat electrostatic precipitator, a heatrecovery boiler to the washig system, and to the humd electrostaticprecipitators and drying towers to fmally enter the acid plant.

Sulfuric acid modules wil preferably be located in areas near S02 producingplants. As such, acid plant No 1 wil be built in the area next to the oxy-fuelreverberation furnce and converters, and acid plant No 2 wil be built in thearea next to the existing acid plant.

""-

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3. ALTERNATIVS FOR RELIEF

1 Oxidization - Neutralization ProcessThs process consists in neutralizing mother water with scrap and copper oxides in aflowing-oxidization medium to promote the precipitation of ferric arsenate and otherimpurities to obtain a purified solution to be flowed back to the circuit.

This alterntive was discarded because was possible to control nickel content in thesolution sent back to the ta house , the higher copper recirculation and the diffcultyto fiter precipitates (iron arsenate).

2 Stage elecrowigIn 1984, EW tests with continuous direct curent were caried out to obtain impurecopper cathodes from the mother water solution. These tests were halted because ofhigh the presence and emission of arsenae toxic gas (H3AS).

3 Prediution process - SX/W - neutralationDeveloped by the Metallurgic Research Departent, ths process consists in creatingmother water though predilution, solvents-electrowing extraction and neutralizationto obtain an effuent with an impurity content under the permssible maimum levelsand to recover cathodic copper. The favorable results obtained in pilot tests confirmedits feasibilty for the mitigation project.

4. PROCESS DESCRIION (DIAGRA No.The project is aimed at replacing the current copper cementing method with iron shavingswith a treatment process in thee well defmed stages : predilution, SX/EW andneutralization. The most importnt parameters for each stage are :

Prediution :pH : 1.23Cu: 3.2 g/l

SX-EW :, Reactive

Neutralation:Neutraliztion 1 :

: ACORGA M5615: 1

: 3.20 g/l

: 3.: 0. 11 g/l

Neutralization 2 :: 7.: 0.01 mg/l

Piot Tests: (Diagram NThe pilot tests results are shown in the respective diagram.

This alterntive was chosen because it got the best results at pilot plant level.

Relief ResultsThe fmal effuent presents impurity levels below the permssible maximum allowed levelsestablished by the M. M. (Energy and Ming Minstr), as shown in the following table:

Finl Effuent 103

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

S. INSTMNTThe estimated cost for executing ths project execution is to US$ 500 00. Below are costestimtes prepared by INEPROSA:

Aqueous preparation:

General accounts

. Prelimry works, foundationsstrctures , closure and fInishig.

. Mechac, electric and control plantsEquipment

. Sub-total (1)

US$

100

b) SX - EW PlantGeneral accounts

. Prelim works, foundations

. Mechac and electrc plantsEquipment

. Sub-total (2)

500200 strctures

26, 100165 600200 400

c) Neutralation PlantGeneral accounts

. Prelim works, foundations , etc.

. Mechac, electric and control plantsEquipment

. Sub-Total (3)SUB-TOTAL (3)SUB-TOTAL (1+2+3)INCIDENTAL EXPENSESTOTAL

70054,40021,

79,159, 100IS9,1004S4,6004S,400

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6. IMLEMENTATION PERIODA period of 5 month is estimated for implementation. The project may be concluded in thefIrst half of the next year.

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3. MITIGATION. OPTIONS

ECOLAB S.R.L. consultats were retained to prepare a basic engineering study.

1 Effuent management plan

The plan proposes ways to optimize the use of the classified thee tyes of liquidpollutats, naely process, sewerage and refrigeration water. Independent pipe linesand/or branches wil prevent miing the types of water.

The main can (code 135) and the parallel canl (code 136) wil be designed to carrainwater, and avoid flooding the railway.

The effuent magement plan wil allow to reduce the number of sampling sites toenhce the use of hum resources , equipment and reagents.

2 Description of the management plan for liquid effuents

Four main collection cans are envisaged, naely can number one (code 135), theone runng paralel to the railway (code 136), canl number two (code 119), and theelectrolytic zinc canl (code 126). Their code numbers and path (see plans numbersF- TB-OO-OOl , 00, 003 and 00-Plan Attchments) are also described in the followingtable.

Mai Lines Chanels Path of Lineswith new

codenumber

a) Chanel N Chanel N 1 wil keep its curent path.1 (135)

b) Chanel N Chanel N 2 wil sta its path in the current2 (119) point, at the norteast of Cadmo No.2 plant. It

wil cross between the copper and lead plantspassing by the east side of the silver and goldrefmery and wil continue though the perimeter.Along its trajectory it wil unite with chael N126. It wil stil be called channel 2 unti itunites with chael NO

c) Parallel Parallel path wil sta by the battery limt to thechael next to norteast of coke plant, wil go parallel to chanelchanel No. No. 1 until Mantao river by south(136)

d) Electrolitic It wil tae its current path, stag collection byZinc chanel collect zinc cathode supply, passing though(126) rectificadores, purification and zinc electrolitic

plants. Finlly it wil join chael No.2 whichwil be the final point of the path.

Process, refrgeration and sewerage waters from the smelters wil be cared byseparate pipelines. Piping for the different tyes of water wil be laid according tothe following table.

Mai Lines Chanels Pipelieswith new

codenumber

a) Channel N Pipelines of water in process1 (135) Pipelines of acid water from the acid sulfuric

plant.

. Channel for rain (since sulfuric acid plant).

b) Channel N Pipelines of water in process2 (119)

Pipelines of sewage water

c) Channel Pipelines for sewage water

4. MITIGATION RESULTS

1 New emissions though chineyAs a result of the implementation of new technologies and new acid plants, weestimate that the sulfu balance at La Oroya Metallurgic Complex wil be fIxed at89.35 % . Details are as follows:

Inow ton of SCopper concentrates 85 937 45,Lead concentrates 42 577Zinc concentrates 48 012 25,Copper smelters 5773Lead smelters 1050Others (* 4912Tota input 188 261 100,

(SIS t/day de SO.,

Outflow (fIXed) ton of S % (related toinow)

Sulfuric Acid 162988Copper sla~ 2414Lead sla~ 177ZnI Ag 522Liquid effuents 1106Bisulfate of NaOthers (* 946Tota output (fIXed) 168 219 89,

Lost throug the stck and futive 20 042 10,emiions (related to input) (110 t/day of SO,

) Fe sponges, Sb slags, Cottell Central Dusts , Roasted, soda mate , speiss.

(**

) Cu sulfate, Cu cathodes, cleaner, speiss , soda matte.

2 SO:z emissionFixing 89.35% of S entering the process, the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex wilonly emit 10.65 % (110 t/day of S02 out of 515 t/day of S that comes into theComplex) of the S to the atmosphere , thus meeting the requirements in Attchment 1of R.M. No 315-96-EM/VM.

Diagram No 2 shows the new organation of the Smelters with technologicalinovations for moderntion and new plants for sulfuric acid manufacturing.

3 Pariculate emission The pariculate emission concentrations emitted to the atmosphere wil be under 100mg/m3 (Asoe25 mg/m3 and PbC:25 mg/m

) thus meeting aricles 3, 4 and 5 of R.M.No 315-96-EM/VMM.

4 Ai qualityDaily concentration of sulfurous anydride in the environment wil be less than 572mg/m

Paricles in suspension wil be under 350 mg/m , monthy concentration of Pb wil be5 mg/m3 as a maimum and daily concentration of arsenic wil be less than 6

mg/m , complying with stipulations from Attchment 3 of R.M. No 315-96-EMNM.

INSTMNTS AN PROJECT PERFORMCE

The fIxed investment for new the Acid Plants is estimated as follows:

ACID PLANT N 1 (Copper circuit)

Ca aci : 235 00 t/ ear

ACID PLANT N 2 (Lad and Zinc circuits)

Ca aci : 270 00 t/ earSource: SC Fenco-Monsanto Acid Plant.

41,2 MM US$

8 MM US$

Investments for new converter ducts, reverberation furnces, refrgeration gas systems anddust precipitators are included in the investment schedule of operationa continuity, processimprovement and technological change and are estimted separately or with the investmentestimations for new equipment.

These investments do not include costs related to intallation of deposits for storage or meaof tranporttion for sulfuric acid.

We estimate tht the building of each module for sulfuric acid production wil tae 12 month.The execution of ths project is estimated as follows:

ACTIV YEAR

Acid Plant N 1 (Copper circuit) 2003Acid Plant N 2 (Lad and Zinc circuit) 2005

"'-

the water wil be derived to the main chanel.

2 Joints and accessories

Tapped T -accessory and elbow joints made of molten iron or PVC wil be used asrequired. In segment C to C' we wil use 20 meters of isometric pipe made of molteniron with universal tapped joints. The rest of the pipe wil be PVC tye.

3 Ditches

The ditches wil be dug to lay the pipes underground. The general redesign and layoutof the projected network must ensure piping presents the gradient and depth specifedin the plan. Digging wil start once the needed piping is already in the premises. Thewidth of the ditches wil fluctuate from 0.40 to 0.70 meters. The bottom wil beleveled to suit the surface tag into consideration the thckness of the pipe bells.Suraces must be clean before joing.

4 Levelig

The ditches wil be covered after the hydraulic test of the intalled piping. Materialsfree from stones, roots and other debris must be used for the fIrst layer of the ditchcover. After compacting the sides of the ditch to secure a fIrm cover, the successive

10 meter must reach a mium 0.30 meters above the pipe key. The piping mustnot be moved when placing a fmallayer of stonefree material.

Factory joints wil be used when the pipes are not provide with a pipe bell at the e

S Cost estimation (in US dollars)

DIAETER ("LENGTH (m)

100400

Prelim workMechanical IntallationsSUB TOTALIMREVISTOS 10%

TOTAL

550032 09237 5923758

413S0

7 PROJECT NO.

HALING AN DISPOSAL OF ACID SOLUTIONS IN THE FRGMENTINGPROCESS. SILVER REFINRY.

1. OBJCTIV

The project seeks to stop the pourig into the Mantao river of highly acid solutions (350grams of H S04 per liter of water) resulting from gold fragmentation at the silver refmery.

2. ENVONMNTAL IMACT ASSESSMENT

Dore" from the anodic residue plant is treated in the silver refmery to obtain fme silver andgold bullon. Gold is separated from silver using concentrated H S04. The resultig effuentis a highly acidic solution tht is poured into the Mantao river after cementig it with iron.

The average monthy consumption of sulfuric acid in the silver refmery reaches 17 tons.

3. MITIGATION OPTIONS

1 Paral substitution of high acid solutions from the silver refmery for freshacid used in the zic circuit.The project consists of cementing highly acidic solutions from the gold and silverseparation process using zinc plates intead of iron shavings. Ths produces a solutionwith a high content of zinc sulfate and sulfuric acid that can be used in the zinc circuitto substitute for fresh acid.

4 PROCESS DESCRIION

The project includes intallation of one pump and pipes to car highly acidic solutions fromthe silver refmery to the zinc circuit.

Mitigation results

The highly acid solution from the silver refmery wil no longer be poured into theMantao river. Intead, it wil be used as a reagent in the zinc circuit thus elimtingsaid effuent.

s. INSTMNT

The estimated cost for the execution of the project is US$5 OO.

6. IMLEMENTATION PERIOD

The project wil be concluded during the fIrst quarer next year.

8 PROJECT NO.

TREATMNT PLAN FOR INUSTR LIQUI EFFUENTS FROM LA OROYASMELTER AN REFINRY

1. OBJCTIV

The project seeks to implement a treatment plant for industrial liquid effuents from themetallurgical complex in compliance with regulations about maimum allowable discharges ofimpure solutions. These regulations are included in Attchments No. 1 and 3 of R.M. No.011-96-EM/VM.

2. ENVONMNTAL IMACT ASSESSMENT

The metallurgical operations generate 40 liquid effuents that have an impact on the Yauli andMantao rivers. The tys of effuents are as follows.

Process effuents: water from metallurgic processes containg metas, suspendedsolids , and eventually presenting highly acid pH.

Refrigeration water effuents: water discharged into the river after using it forcooling equipment, flows or materials. It is not usuay polluting although some maybe.

Sewage: waste water from bathooms and locker rooms.

Wash water effuents: water used in washing floors and equipment, non-polluting butcaring large amounts of solids.

Rawater effuents: water from rainwater ruoff tht car solids found along theway.

Tables 4. 1.2/1, 1 A, 2 and 2 A(4), and diagram 7.2.4/4 5 (Chapter 7) detail and chaacterizeall the effu nts from La Oroya smelter and refmeries according to the EV AP report.Effuents with codes R- , R-2 and R-3 are discharged to the Yauli river and effuents withcodes from 101 to 137 are poured into the Mantaro river. Details of the effuents classified asprocess, refrigeration, sewerage , washig and runoff water are presented in the respectivetable. Also shown are the maximum allowable levels of pollutats.

EFFUENT CLASSIFCATION

Type of effluent CodeWaters from metallurgic 115, 118, 119, 121 123 , 124, 126, 131 133, 134process 135, 136, 137 y R-

Cooling waters 102, 125, 127 y 128

Sewage water l(H 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 , 112, 114, 116117, 120, 122 , 129 , 130, 132

Effuents elimted 103, 104, 105, 113 y R-

Effuent without contatsTables 4. 1.2/3 , 3 A, 4 and 4 A (Chapter 4) show the seven main pollutats , out of the 40liquid effuents poured into the Yauli and Mantao rivers.

Effuent Code Description

118 Copper and lead smelter sla~ g;ranulation

119 Main chanel No. 2 - Cu - Pb Smelter

126 Zinc Electrolitic Plant

135 Main Chanel No. 1 (parallel to FF.CC)

136 Parallel Chanel to point 135

137 Zinc Ferrites Well

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6 PROJECT No.

REFRGERATION WATER RECIRCULATION SYSTEM FOR SMELTER FACILITY

1. INRODUCTION

Alost all water used currently for industrial refrigeration at La Oroya Smelter is pouredinto the Mantao river though open canals or pipes runng across the smelter facilties.

These refrigeration waters are often mied with industrial or domestic effuents thusincreasing the volume of polluted waters. Additionally, refrigeration waters are polluted bydust, solids and gases present in the industrial area.

Two alterntives have been proposed to solve ths problem.

Alterntive one: Separating refrigeration waters from industral and sewerage effuents andbuilding a closed and independent network to discharge them into the Mantao river.

Alterntive two: A more feasible alterntive consists of building a network to recirculate thesewaters with the smelter and using the pumps in the Mantao river.

2. OBJCTIVS

Isolate refrigeration water from existing pollutats in the smelter s premises

. Recover approximately 2,253 gpm of goo quality water by recirculating it to the supplysystem using the pumps in the Mantaro river

. To improve the quality of water comig to the smelter from the pumps in the Mantao,compared to the river waters. This wil permt a longer life of the existing pumpingequipment , mostly during periods of large river water flow

. To guan(ee water supply to the smelter in times of low water availabilty

3. PROJECT DESCRIION

For recirculation, refrigeration and cooling, water wil be taen to the Mantao river from thedifferent points of discharge along the smelting processes.. Ths wil be accomplished bymean of a gravity hydraulic system Pipes of various diameters wil cross the industrial areaswhere there is the highest dischage and car the water to the Mantaro pumps.

The main contributors are:

Antimonium PlantAgglomeration PlantSulfuric Acid PlantZinc Roaster FBR y TLRMiling PlantSolid Separation CompressorVacuum Pup -Flotation PlantReservoir pumping well for Separation of SolidsRectificadores silcon ARectificadores silcon BCooling Froth from Iron Zileret PlantRectificadores silcon COx en PlantTOTAL FLOW

25.25.38.

1.820.1.3

1.8

142 LPS (22S3 GPM)

These waters do not need a cooling system since the characteristics of the projected networkand the existing distrbution system wil cool town the water to normal temperature. Thswould not happen if recirculation were cared out at each of the plants , in which case asophisticated and costly cooling system would be required.

4. TEC CAL SPECnnCATIONS

1 Piping

Pipes for low traffc areas wil be of PVC ty. For areas with vehicle or front loadertraffic, molten iron pipes wil be used. PVC 7.5 class rigid piping wil be used for amaximum work pressure of 75 meters of water with resistace to traction of 400 to500 kiograms per square centimeter.

Molten iron piping wil be black ty with US tapping ISO- , schedule 40, in segments21 feet long. Ths piping wil be laid in the following dimensions.

DIAMETER ("LENGTH (m)

Note: To prevent sulfuric acid from comig into contact with water in case of leakage,an automated acidity monitoring system wil be put in place. At the detection of acid

DIAGRA No.MANEJO DE GASES Y MATERI PARTICULADO

DIAGRA NMODULOS PAR LA PRODUCCION DE ACIDO SULFURCO

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Pag 164

, ., .- '

DIAGRAMA NCOMPLEJO METALURGICO LA OROYA

MODULOS PARA LA PRODUCCION DE ACIDO SULFURICO - (TM/ANO)

NIVELES DE CAPACIDADES ACTUALES DE PRODUCCIONZinc: 70 000 t de zinc refinado/anoPlomo: 100 000 t de plomo refinado/a

I Cobre: 70 000 t de cobre refinado/ano

I 'Circuito de Cobre Circuito de Plomo Circuito de Zinc

J. 79 283t de S

45 693 t de S(135 kt de acido)(MS 22 500)

Modulo de Acido

45 693 t de S -(135 kt de acid 0)(MS 26 300)

Modulo de AcidoSulfurico de Cobre

I '

235 000t de H2S04(MS 41 200)

270 000t de H2S04(M$ 48 800)

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DIAGRAMA NCOMPLEJO METALURGICO LA OROYA

ARREGLO GENERAL DE LA FUNDICION DE COBRE CON NUEVAS TECNOLOGIASY NUEVA PLANTA DE ACIDO

Pag 165

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TABLA NCOi\IPLEJO METALURGICO LA OROYA

BALANCE AZUFRE CIRCUIO DE ZINC- CON PROYECTOS AL AJ. O 2 006

A Niveles de Capacidad de 70 000 tlaQ o de Zinc Refiado

CON PROYECTOS AL ANO 2 006

TRATADO CICUITO DE ZINC t Azufre I % Distribucion

- Mineraes y Concentros Centromin Peru S. 146826 32. 48 012 100.

TOTAL NUEVO RECIBIDO 146 826 32. 48012 100.

Invemaro inicial ' 0

TOTAL NUEVO DISPONIBLE 146826 32. 48 012

ventao fina

32. 480121 .TRATADO 146 826 100.

AZUFR NO FIJADO (Emisiones) 4094 8.5%

AZUF FlJADO (acido sulLen residuos. etc.) I 3 918 91.5%

DETALLE DE AZUF NO FIJADOResiduo producido 48 916 739 1.%

Calcina.Efluentes liquidos lA%

2707Perdidas fugitivas

SUB-TOTAL 4094 8.5%

DETALLE DE AZUFRE FIJADO

Acido sulco 134 756 43 330 90.

Bisulto de sado 0.1%

Concentrdo ZnlAg 1939 26. 522 1.%

SUB-TOTAL 43918 91.5%

TOTAL 48012 100.

2 PROJECT No 2

ELIMATION OF FUGITIV GAS EMISSION FROM THE COKE PLAN

1. IMACT ASSESSMENT

1.1 Fugitive gases from the coke furnaces during coal distilation.Currently, when furnce hatches are opened to obtain the fmal coke product and tosupply additional coal for the operation, 23 800 m /d of gases are emitted to the

atmosphere, as a result of incomplete coal distilation. Years ago , the volume of thesegases was 32 700 m /day.

Table No 1 summarizes operational inormation for the Coke Plant:

TABLE No. 1

~~~

llY

, ," " .. ,,' '" ,.."'"' "'. "'.. ..,'"

Coke Cycle

(Hours)

Number of daily discharges

19.

Net Coke Yield (%)

INDEX: Fixed Carbon (CF) in Bulk Coke/t-Carbon Supply(t)

Production: Fixed Carbon (CF) in Bulk Coke/day(t)

550 574

Ash production (Ash) in Bulk Coke/day (t)

GAS EMISSION TO THE ENVONMNT(Cubic Meters per day)

22,

1022x32:

32 700

9,4

992x2:

23 800

Environmental assessments of the coke furnce rooves indicate tht gases fromincomplete coal distilation during the cokig process are rapidly diluted in theatmosphere. Table No 2 records the composition of these fugitive gases which areemitted during coke dischages and coal loading . Likewise concentrations of lead andarsenic contats are recorded as 0.018 and 0. 012 pJm respectively, which areless than maximum levels allowed.

TABLE No.

Volume /d) 23 800 16,

GAS 12,

DISLED

FROM

COAL Led (Jlg/m 018

(%)

53,

Arsenic(Jlg/m 012

(%)

2 Gas waste produced by combustionKnown as "bured gases , these combustion gases are emitted to the environmentthough the Plant' chieys (one for each battery). These gases are a product of thecombustion process derived from the miture of the coal distilation gases andpreheated air in the same batteries. Their composition and anlyses are shown in tableNo3.

TABLE No.

._.

BATTERY " 16,

BATTERY " 15,4

1.3 Coal Distilation Gases RecycligDuring the cokig process , coal is subjected to temperatues of approximtely 1 350in an atmosphere free from oxygen where volatile compounds pass to the gaseousphase. At these high temperatures , the gaseous phase, a product of coal distilation, isformed by hydrocarbons. Ths fluid passes though gas collectors and scrubbers,where it is separated from ta though the use of water which clean and lowers thetemperature of the gas to 45 C. At ths stage, the gas is injected to the furnce.burers to be used as combustible gas mied with preheated air.

Gases produced in the cokig process priarily consist of hydrogen and methe,besides nitrogen, propane and hydrogen sulfide to a lesser extent. It is necessar topoint out that the group of phenols and heavy hydrocarbons form the coal ta tht tranported to the reverberation furnces from the copper smelter to be used ascombustible fuel.

The typical composition of the coal distilation gases that are recycled to the same cokefurnces is recorded in the following table:

TABLE No.(percent Volume of Recycled Gas)

2. MITIGATION ALTERNATIVSThe Curan Knowles cokig furnces at Centromi are conventional-ty furnces withsubproduct recovery, a design used in the United States since 1941. In these furnces , coal isloaded and arranged on the heat-resistat floor though the lengt and breadth of each furnceto form a load of 2.45 m x 9.75 m with a height extending to 0.32 m.

Metallurgic coke production from the Lead Smelter dates back to 1944. Cuently, there is anational shortge of bituous coal suitable for cokig and agglomeration to produce porous,resistat coke, with good heating power and little ash content to be used as a fuel and reducerwith lead sinters in the low-blast furnce chieys.

Until the end of 1971 , domestic coal (Goyllar) with a high ash content (20%) was used. had a very short cokig cycle (14 hours/furnce), produced almost 33,00 mm /d of coal

distillation gases , whose emission to the atmosphere was of real concern.

Coals from Colombia were processed and mied with Goyllar coal between 1988 to May1993. Domestic coal lowered the coke production quality and at the same time prevented themitigation of distiled gases emitted to the atmosphere.

With the use of Prodeco de Columbia coal in 1988, whose average composition was

23 % :MV , 69 % :CF and 8 % ash, there was an increase in the production capacity of the cokeplant and a reduction of distiled gases emitted to the environment.

Ths project s main objective is to mitigate fugitive gas and dust emission produced in the cokig furnces durig acquisition of the fmalcoke. The current operational conditions are described as follows:

( ACTAL)

23 800 /dia

Carbon COQUIFICACION

Ciclos: 18 - 20 hrAgua Gas

Aire --

Lavadres deIimpiO Gases

Coque HORNOSDE PLOMO

FUNDICION

DE COBRE

Dia Nro. 1.- La ema de ga se pruc durate Ia de de roue

The following alterntives are proposed as mitigation measures for the coke plant with regardto the fugitive gas emission produced during coal distilation.

1. Selected alternative

1.1. Operate furnaces with cokig cycles of 24 or 26 hour.Takg into account futue positionig and maket dependance on metalurgiccoke , we propose to mitigate the problem of fugitive gas emission by operatingcokig fuces with 24 to 26 hour cycles, replacing the differential cokeamount with import.

The amount of coal fed to the cokig ovens (curently 5.6 t/furnce) fulfIls thecokig process staing from drying, plasticity, swellng, then graphitationcoke formation and contraction. The fma coke product ha a porous aspectand is stable, had , agglomerated and resistat for its work in with the slag inthe the low-blast fuce chieys.

Generally ths cokig process should be developed in a mium time of 24 to26 hours so as to complete the cycle. This process , however, is currently donein less time , 18 or 20 hours (before it was 14), makg the gases and volatilesof the process stil in the furnce discharge to the atmosphere when openig thefurnce to obtain the coke.

"".

Therefore , one of the alternatives to mitigate gas emissions to the environmentis to increase processing time from 4 to 6 hours , that is to say to operate with24 to 26 hour cycles. With ths, there wil be a deficit of thck coke for leadfurnces, and according to consumption estimations , the regime of coal andcoke acquisition would anually be as follows:

Purchase of 41 ,00 t of cokig coal to produce 27 00 t of thck coke.

Purchase of 8,200 t of thck coke from a thd part coke supplier.

2. Other alternatives

1 Instalation of Ventiation Systems (SVEL).Intallation of Ventilation Systems to capture 23 800 m of gases daily, wouldinvolve installation of high temperature resistant iron ducts (650 C), withspecial valves, scrubbers , ventilators, sedimentation pools , and intallation ofadditional equipment such as quenchig cars, close tranporttion cars, andduct systems. Current production could thus be maintained , with 18 to 20 hourcycles and purchase of extra coke would be avoided. Obviously, the largeproblem for ths alterntive is the permanent cost of equipment maintenaceand the lack of roomavailable at the coke plant.

2. Fuly substtute coal purchase by metaurgic cokeIn 1985 and 1993 the operation of lead furnces were assessed with Japanese(Mitsubishi) and Colombian (Coals and Minerals) coke. Results have not beentotally satisfactory; fIrst because coke was of steel quality and second becausethe purchase value in comparison to coke prepared at our plant, was greater byalmost US$45 per ton. However, it is possible to look for other coke suppliersso as to "close" the plant and operate the smelter with via coke purchases fromthd paries simar to tht at the Empresa Pefioles de Mexico. However, thswould mean an anual average cost of US$7.5 milion dollars compared to thecurrent cost of approximately US$5.5 milion dollars.

3. Propose a coal supplier to manufacte coke near La OroyaInvite and induce thd parties to produce and supply coke with the regionthough contracts or agreements.

4. Buid stte-f-the-ar coking plants without subproduct recovery.Request building vertical fuces with lateral heat tranmission, patents fromOTTO HOFMAN or KOPPERS-BECKER from the U. , N.A. KEMBLA COAL AND COKE from Australia.

3. Performance schedule for the selected alternative.Oprating the coke plant with cokig cycles of 24 to 26 hours depends on theavailabilty of coke for furnces. Thus , the performance schedule for ths project ispriarily aimed at scheduling purchase of metallurgic coke in bulk, as follows:

TABLE No.

kl!i2, 1rll;I to 15/De/96 Contact with manufacturers and Dfoviders of metaIlurgic coke.

15 to 301Dec/96 Preparation of Bids or Public Award

I to 19/Jan96 RecePtion of coke orooosals and samoles for pre-studies of Qual ity .

11 to 15/Jan/97 I Qualification of orooosals

16 to 20/Jan/97 Knowledl!e and details of the Acauisition with the selected winer.21 to 30/Jan/97 Coke receotion at Callao

I to 28/Feb/97 Send Coke to La Orova

Iro. Marchl97 Coke plant operation with cycles :: 24 hours/oven and fugitive gas mitigation to theenvironment.

3. RESULT OF MITIGATION1. We projec envionmenta decontaation as shown in th diagam:

Carbon

( PROYECTO )

RESULTADO DE

LA MIT6ACION

Coque HORNOSDE PLOMO

FUNDICION

DE COORE

Diaama Nro. - EI proyecto orienta a Ia mitciOn de gaes at medio ambiente

To achieve ths result we estimate there wil be an anual additional cost ofapproximately US$670 OO, which would be justified from an ecological andsustainble development point of view. The evacuation of fugitive gases wil bereduced to a mium (80 /day) since the cokig furnces wil be operating incycles greater than those currently used. Ths wil allow the complete processing ofcoal to coke. Therefore, fugitive gas emissions presently sent to the atmosphere wilbe captured and scrubbed , then recycled in the furnce where they wil be burned withavailable air in the flamble-combustion ducts in order to keep furnce floors withaverage temperatures of 1 350

- .

TABLE No.

Curent Impact Mitigation ResultEvaluation (4 m /dicharge)

(922/ dischar2e)

GAS EMISSION TOTHE ENVONMNT 23 800(Cubic Meters per day)

2. Parcle EmisionWith gas emissions of 80 m /day (4 m /discharge) we assure tht paricle emission tothe environment wil be less than the maimum level allowed (100 mg/m

),

requiredby the Minstr of Energy and Ming in accordance with Minsterial Resolution 315-96-EM/

Also, As and Pb concentrations in these gases are practicaly null, meetig aricles 4and 5 of the above-mentioned Resolution.

3 Ai QualtyThe concentration of Pb : 0. 018 pJm and As: 0. 012 pJm in new emissions to theenvironment wil be below the NMP requirements for air quaity (attchment 3)according to Minsterial Resolution 315-96-EM/VMM.

3 PROJECT N

USE OF OXYGEN GASES IN THE ANODIC WASTE PLAN

1. OBJCTIVThis project s main objectives are to reduce the No.6 residual oil consumption in the AnodicWaste Plant resulting from the use of oxygen-enrched air for combustion, and the elimtionof nitric gases produced by sodium nitrate, an oxidizer used in the fmal stage of the cupellingprocess.

2. ENVONMNTAL IMACT ASSESSMENTThe Anodic Waste Plant treats anodic sludges from the copper and lead refmeries, whichconstitute the raw material to obtain dorc , bismuth, selenium and tellurium. To obtain dorcthese anodic sludges are processed in thee stages: fusion, conversion and cupelling

The last stage of the batch cupelling process which as a whole lasts around 7 days, is dOrtwashig" with sodium nitrate. Ths "washig" stage lasts 24 hours and produces nitric gases

tht contaminate the environment (Diagram 1).

The average sodium nitrate consumption is 160-180tyear. The following are reactions thatmay tae place during the process:

1. NaN0 NazO + 1h ONazC0 NazO + CO

2. (Se - Ag; -Ag; - Cu - Te)x + 1h + xNa + xNaN0 xC0Matt

XN0 + NazTe0 + NazSe0 + Te0 Cu0(Ag; - Au)DOrt

In the previous reactions , the oxidizer is the oxygen released when sodium nitrate is reducedto N0 , the carbonate allows the oxygen reactions to be prolonged.

3. ALTERNATIV FOR RELIEF1 Gaseous Oxgen Use in the Cupelation ProcessThs process consists of replacing the sodium nitrte used in the Cupelation processwith gaseous oxygen, which would prevent the production of nitrc gas contats.

4. PROCESS DESCRIONThs process is aimed at replacing sodium nitrate with the injection of oxygen gases to themetallc bath though a lance and/or special burner , simulating the AusmeIt Technology.

,..

Mitigation Results :If sodium nitrate use is elimted from the last stage of the Cupelation process, nitricgases wil not be emitted to the environment.

5. INSTMNT AMOUN

The estimted cost for ths project s execution amounts to US$ 391 00.

6. SCHEDULE:Currently, the project being executed. The fIrst stage is about to be fmished, that is , the useof oxygen in the residual oil No.6 combustion. The second stage , which includes oxygen usein the Cupelation process , should be concluded next year.

"'\.l (PLEO IEAL( GiCO . L-\ OROY:\ C30itlo V P:ig 177

DIAGRAMA N

PLANTA RESIDUOS ANODICOs: Generacion de Qases nitosos en el proceso de copelacion.

Lodos anodicos de Cu & Pb

Escoria de Sb aAntimonio

REVERB EROS

s 1 -

Escoria de B

CONVERTIDORES. NOs 1 - 2 - 3 - 4

Planta

Gasesnitrosos al

PetroleoCarbonP irit

REVERBEROs 3

Na N03Aire

ambiente Metal Pb

O/las de BiCOPELAS

. NOs 1 - 2 - 3

Escoria nitricaa Se y Te

Anodos dore a Refineria de Plata

t.;

(;;.:

4 PROJECT N

ARA AFCTED BY SMOKE

1. OBJCTIVTo delimt and rehabiltate the area affected by smoke considering the existing flora, fauna,

soils, water , etc. Likewise, to establish control points regarding air and soil quality in order totae corrective actions.

The affected rehabiltation area includes four stages:Cover cropsGully Control though dikesTerrace Cultivation and PlantingSlope Modification

Ll Study of the Area Afeced by Smokea) Diagosis

Lately, the areas affected by smoke have not had as vast a recovery, as thtexperienced in between 1941-1971 (from 14 190 ha to 4,170 ha). As of Januar 1996

an affected area of 3,829 ha was recorded.

The time period durg which the majority of soils were recovered correspond to the

time when electrostatic precipitators were implemented and the process was improved.These measures had a rapid response with its area of inuence. Soil recoveries since1971 has not had as remarkable effects as those mentioned above.

Of course, it can not be ignored that the presence of vegetables in the core of theaffected area is showing a slow and spontaeous presence which is a more remarkablerecovery th in areas where planed planting and forestation works have been

conducted. Ths evidence indicates that the recovery is advancing slowly, but has notstopped.

With respect to the notable recovery in 1971 , the Huaynacancha area recovery isremarkable because the area had no greenness prior to recovery. Tody, the landscapeis more agreeable, with areas of thck vegetation and other areas with scattered

vegetation recovery which probably covers an area simar to that of the concentration

of thck vegetation. On the other hand , the current presence of birds and wild anialssuch as goldfmches, house sparows, thshes, ducks and huachuas, as well as vicuna

herds, leads us to believe that the expelled smoke were not as harl as in the past.

b) Envionmenta situation of the ecosystem and natural resources in the afectedareaDuring the camp visit and the delimtation work, it was possible to observe in situ

damage to the original soil cover, the formtion of gulles, growt of vegetation

resistant to the smelter smoke , as well as spontaeously recovered vegetation. It wasalso possible to collect soil and water samples and to observe the existing fauna.

c) Inventory and assessment of the vegetation in the afected zone.This operation includes identification of the existing species in the affected area.

Plant species found in the studied zone include herbaceous plants , shrbs and trees.The herbaceous plants included wild species which spontaneously grew as well ascultivated species such as flowers. Among the shrb species there are also wild andcultivated species. All tree were planted, some of them, tyical for ths altitude andweather zone and others which were imported from others zones and acclimatized toths area.

Wild herbaceous species: Chicory, plantain, kiyo , mullaca , yanta, mit , amor secoetc.

Cultivated herbaceous species: Flowers such as calendula, cartion, pepper cress,pany, daisy, ,buttercup, copa de oro.

Wild shrb-like species: Chica

Cultivated shrb-like species: Broom, American broom, agave (maguey). .

Wild arboreal species: Depredated.

Cultivated arboreal species : Kolle (Buddeleya coriacea), quinoa tree (polyle-pisracemosa), capulin (Pus capolinus), cypress (Cupressus Sp.

Regarding PASTUS in areas showing recovery, species and natual pastuesassociations were determed along with their composition and their abilty torevegetate. In the studied zone, the recovery of pasture vegetation is stil incipientthus not being adequate for cattle feed. The local pastures sustain at most thee wildvicuii flocks which graze in the area from time to time.

Kiyo and Festuca sp have not shown real recovery.

Regarding FORETRY, it includes identification of the existing species in the natualwoos that correspond to the same ecological level of the study area, including nativeand imported species.

No spontaeously growing specimen has been found in the affected area.

Cultivated trees identified in the area include native species such as Kolle and QuinoaTree. These species disappeared not only because of the smelting smoke, but alsobecause of inux of human. Besides the aforementioned trees, there are otherimported species which have been acclimated to the zone; these include Cypress,Capuli, Qishuar, etc. which have adapted to the zone ecological conditions.Currently local governents and Centromin Peru are interested in forestation.

''', '''- /-

Regarding FAUNA, it includes inventory and identification of species consideringboth, wild and domestic fauna.

Withn the wild fauna category, thee vicufi flocks have been found. These flocksgraze and drin with the seriously affected area.

Likewise , wild ducks and a huachua species which utilize the small lagoon located inthe mid- Huaynacancha valley were observed. Also there is presence of bird species

such as goldfmches and thshes.

Dogs and cats are raised with the La Oroya communty for security and! or petreasons and as well as hunting. Other wild anals in the area include rats and mice.Al the mentioned anal species do not seem to be affected by smelter smoke.

d) ObjecveThe affected area delimtation project, is aimed at determg the area daged smoke , conducting studies to establish the condition of the affected areas regardingflora, faun, soils, water, etc. , as well as establishig control points for air and landquality monitoring which wil supply valuable inormtion that wil allow us to outlinemeasures to rehabiltate the study area and other appropriate zones.

e) Solution AlternativesIf the rehabiltation is caried out by mean of crops, only the increase in organcmatter wil be effective, but once ths increase is achieved , the other chemical andphysical effects wil tae place.

Besides that, it is necessar to use different technques to prevent furter landdeterioration and to help the spontaneous recovery process observed in theHuaynacancha zone, though dike constrction, gully modification and terracebuilding.

There are vast areas which could be used to for experimenta revegetation plots andperhaps to defmitively revegetate the are. There are other areas where soil can be tiled(tued over) as to faciltate pluvial water holding and absorption, and to prepare soilto shelter or anchor seeds produced by surrounding plants and dispersed by the wind.Revegetation though wind dispersal is based on what was observed in diferent zoneswhere land movement occurred resulting in a spontaeous plant growt. In addition, itmay be possible to proceed with reforestation of areas not only on slope and gullybottoms , but also amdst mild hillsides which are abundant in the Huaynacancha zone.To do so, it is necessar to use double cut seedlings which are more developed andstronger, assuring a safe survival.

It is possible to avoid formation of new gulles and growt of existing ones thoughproper works already described in previous paragraphs, naely planting herbaceous,shrb-like and arboreal vegetation in the big gulles basin. These species can benative or imported, with a specific use or not, the objective is to cover nude areas andprevent furter erosion.

It is possible to recover hillside vegetation near the smelter by planting crops orarboreal species, since the soil analysis has had favorable results both inchaacterization and composition.

All these thgs wil require time and investment, see Table 5.

, "

Investment Schedulefor the Recovery of the Area Affected by Smoke

" .

t) Techncal and economic feasibilty analysisRecovery plan elaborationThis plan wil be aimed at recovering areas where recovery has a likelihood of beingachieved. Possibilties of achievement are given by soil chaacteristics, surfacemorphology and perhaps in some cases, irigation possibilties with water sourceslocated in the study area.

Altitude and climate together with soil povert in the areas to recover, require a ratheraggressive environment flora development program to be implemented, thus limtigthe species diversity tht are numerous in other areas at the same altitude , but withbetter soils.

Possibly, shrb-like and herbaceous species, native or adapted, wil have better resultsin revegetation. They are aimed at elimting or moderating the erosion that thestudied lands suffer at present due to the action of pluvial waters and wind, which actdirectly on the denuded soil. At the same time they are aimed at improving theenvironment.

The conditions of the denuded soil and the local climate are not appropriate for timberwood vegetation, but could be adequate for block wood with native arboreal speciessuch as kolle , quinoa tree and imported species like capuli , cypress and quishuawhich have shown good adaptation to this environment.

From what we have observed in our camp visit, we th that the Huaynacancha valleyzone , where the simlarly naed people settled , is an area where recovery works canbe conducted. Recovery could be possible on moderate slopes containg few rockylands and a somewhat soft subsoil. These slopes should be accommodting to both,plain soil breakg and terrace building in order to sette crops tht extend or improvethe spontaeous plant growt as observed in its low regions; as well as to car outvegetation recovery works with native and adapted arboreal species. Likewise, it isnecessar and feasible to avoid furter extension of existing gulles. Ths can be donewith the works that include filling and clogging of gully heads. Moreover, in the largerpar of the gulles , slope profies can be modified in order to prevent land slides , andto faciltate its coverage with herbaceous , shrb-like or arboreal vegetation.

':;

As a complement to these actions, it is possible to consider the use of terraces orterreplanes to reduce the speed of soil erosion produced via runoff waters, thusimpeding the subsequent gully formation.

We have mentioned that there are various actions we can tae to improve and/or helpthe vegetation recovery in the study area. Among these actions , we mentioned:

Rehabiltation and Conservation of Soils through CropsSoils with the area that has been seriously damaged by smelter smoke have beendenuded of vegetation for years , thus they are freely exposed to erosion and washigof mineral elements due to the seasonal rainall every year. This compels us to that rehabiltation of the affected lands wil be a slow and expensive process (see Table

IA and char 1-580-00-300 and 1-559-01-2008).

The rehabiltation of the area though crop development wil only be effective with increase of organc matter. Once the organc matter is established other beneficialchemical and physical soil components wil develop.

The soil's mieral content wil not increase with crop development. However, themieral content currently present in the soil wil be conserved as vegetation coverincreases and prevents furter reduction of mierals due to soil washig and erosion.

In order to achieve tre soil rehabiltation, therefore , a permanent soil cover or praireis required.

Permanent grass wil increase the soil's organc matter especially due to thedevelopment of its radicular system.

(?)

Herbs that are in goo vegetative condition increase their root extensions every yearwhile decomposition of old roots increases organic matter. Most of ths matter remainin the soil which can be cultivated again simar to that of a prairie.

Regarding the reposition of mieral elements elimted from the soil due to washigand erosion, these canot be restored though plant and crop development, since themierals with plants and crops are derived from the soil. The addition of lime,phosphorus and potassium that the land requires to support vegetation and rehabiltatethe soils are elements that wil be supplied by commercial fertilizers.

Neverteless, when plants restore organc matter, they restore at the same timenitrogen to the soil. Legues are the plants which rapidly accumulate nitrogenextracting most of it from the air

In the case of the study area, vegetation may be used for land rehabiltation. In thelower regions of the Huaynacancha valley, ths recovery would be though cultivationof grasses and legue plants which wil be planted sporadically to better controlerosion.

Plant species used with good success in zones with altitude and weather conditionssimlar to those of the studied zone are rye grass and white trefoil , species that offer anample and dense bunch of shoots , giving the soil a very good cover.

Prior. to planting the aforementioned vegetation association, it is necessar to fertilizethe area with lime and manure to improve the conditions of the soil that wil sustain

permanent vegetation after many years of washig and erosion.

It is wared that the lime fertilization process thoughout the affected region wil be aburdensome operation due to the volume and preparation time involved. In the endthe vegetal cover wil reduce ths lime deficiency, thus solving ths problem.

It is also wort it to mention that revegetation though the use of crops also permtsplants to preserve the soil only to the extent in which cultivation is compatible withminal soil removal durig plowing operations and in proportion to the soil densityand vegetation stabilty. It has been observed that in some areas, located with theseriously affected zone, where land movement occurred, the removed soil has beenentirely covered by herbaceous vegetation, especially grasses. We th that thsrecovery is due to the fact that soil movement has increased the soils abilty to holdingand/or absorb pluvial waters, allowing the land to be conditioned for seed anchoringand dissemition, and promoting easier germtion and sproutig.

Prom what has been said , some areas can be planted directly for vegetation coverwhile other areas wil require tiling before the rainy season in order to faciltate arecovery simar to that observed in many zones affected by smelter smoke.

g) Guly ControlProm all the gift of natue , none is so essential for mankd as land. Ths complexmiture of anal, plant and mieral material that covers the rocky core of the globe atdifferent depth is one of the four priar elements essential for life.

Together with sun light, air and water, land nourishes plant life and sustain all livingbeings.

In the area affected by the smelter s smoke, the native vegetation has disappeared;leaving the soil unprotected and exposing topsoil to the forces of erosion. As a resultthe fertilty of the land ha been reduced and gulles have formed. These

gulles crossHuaynacancha valley and the area located opposite the smelter have formed.

Since gulles tend to drain the soil moisture which is adjacent to the gullessurounding fiel4s dry out rapidly, thus hampering the recovery of plant cover in thearea.

As the size of gulles increases, they expand into the field. If their development is notstopped , it wil be necessar to suspend the recovery project. Ths is because of thefact tht as gulles extend backwards and cross natural depressions, lateral falls and,more gulles appear. This branchig process can continue until a gully network coversthe entire valley, mag it impossible to control such processes due to the magntudeof gully formations and the expenses involved to reclaim them.

Therefore, it is necessar to use different technques to prevent furter landdeterioration, and to aid in the spontaeous vegetation recovery process as wasobserved in the Haynacancha zone.

h) Dike BuildigUnless the surface is soon protected with vegetation or the tops of gulles orcanculus" are erased by mean of crop planting or other actions , gulles wil continue

to expand with each subsequent rain event. The deepest caniculus can increase in sizeand form gulles that it wil be impossible to erase with normal plowing methods , as

has occurred with the gulles located across from the smelter and in the Huaynacanchazone. Under such circumstaces, it wil be necessary to spend money for labor to fillor build dikes in the canculus course.

The construction of dikes in staggered form in areas where gulles stil remain as smallfurrows wil permt allow the gulles to clog with waters that flow down the canculusloaded with sediments that can be deposited behid the dike. This, in turn, wouldraise the gully beds and reduce gully formation. This filling by deposition or cloggingis faciltated by the dike , which can be built with compact stone and branch pilespositioned at the bottom of the gully, and also by vegetation, if any, and otherobstacles that can help to reduced the rate of the runoff flow. Besides using stonedikes, mesh and branch dikes can also be used in larger and shallower gulles.

i) Gully ModificationAny gully, regardless of its size and condition, wil often be recovered withvegetation, if it has an adequate protection and is located in a region where vegetationcan grow.

In affected lands, as those observed in the seriously damaged areas at La Oroya, thereare various causes tht delay the disappearance evidence of erosion.

One of these causes is the steep slope of gully walls. As long as these walls do notnaturally collapse, or are not modified to form a more moderate slope, it wil bediffcult for plants to establish roots. Thus, modifying slope profIes where gulles are

largest wil allow revegetation to occur and prevent furter erosion from rainall.

Slopes that have been modified or prepared to faciltate germtion of airbome seeds,cultivation plants , and tree species wil fIrst support underbrush (thcket or weeds thtgrow quickly).

Based on our field observations, the underbrush wil grow slowly fIrst as it is diffcultto establish roots. Then, when the fIrst plants have somewhat improved the soil, newplants wil appear. This natual process may tae many years in the zone, due to itsaltitude and extreme weather condition, but it wil be faster where humdity is higher.As time passes, the natural revegetation process wil cover the gully with thevegetation that prevails in the zone , that is brushes or herbs.

With regards as to how to stop erosion in the affected zone, the vegetation species usedare irelevant. Trees , brushes or grasses may be used. Any type of plant cover wilprovide good soil protection, if satisfactorily established.

In the study zone , spontaneous vegetation is not enough to counter erosion activities.So we thin it is necessary to resort to other mean and resources in order toarificially settle vegetation.

When choosing trees, bushes or grasses to be planted in the gully slopes, it is better choose native plants or those tyical to simlar regions. These plants have alreadyadapted to the local conditions, and thus are more likely to thive under the seriousgrowt limitations associated with the gully and climte environment. If useful nativeplants were not satisfactory, then species brought from other regions should be used.

Planting of native species like Kolle , Quinoa tree, etc. should be extended to otherareas, planting in blocks and using double cut seedlings , so these plants wil alreadyhave an almost ligneous structure, which assures their survival , and speeds up theiredaphic action in the surrounding soil.

Ths action in Huaynacancha valley should be successful, since in steep slopes thereare more or less abundant and well developed vegetation has spontaeously grownprobably as a result increased moisture and the microclimte generated as a result ofthe slope formation.

j)

Terrace buidigOne of the best known methods to stop erosion on slopes is the use of terraces. Theyare very effcient to correct small shallow gulles where it is not possible to usemachies. Terrace building may be diffcult and expensive in a zone seriously affectedby erosion; neverteless , it is the most effcient corrective measure for slopes such asthose found in the study zone , especially since there are many steep parallel, hard-to-far gulles in the region.Terraces are built as a series of flat or almost flat strips of land across the slopes ofsteep lands. Terraces are one of the oldest artificial mean to stop soil erosion, andhave been used for many centuries in Peru, due to the scarcity of tilable soils inmountainous regions with favorable weather conditions.

The purpose of the terraces are to intercept water flowing downgradient on flat lyinglands tht can retain the flow until it trickles down and is absorbed by the plantsgrowing on the platform.

When a terrace is built, it should slope inwards from the outside edge towards theslope base or end , which is almost vertical.

Water wil flow along the ban at different speeds according to the type of soil, theterrace length and , of course , rainall and well-developed plant cover.

An advisable vegetation mi to cover the platform is the joint planting of ray grass andwhite trefoil, both of which have a leafy cluster of shoots which offer better soilcoverage. Generally, it is advisable to use more than one species that are compatible incombintions , because pure shoots are often vulnerable to harl inuences, diseases

, ,.

150

LlIlTE CE AI CONAIrtDA PRAR EI ANO 1971

PtOS DC DO SE TO .MON LA KES1RS DE TlERIP\OS DE DONE SE TOIMOI LAS U!TRS DE AGU

CENTROMIN PERU S.

Cis. Cib.

SERV DE PLANT E /NFRAESTR.

CONTROL DE CONTAM/NAC/ON

D/STRIBUC/ON DE TOMAS DE

MUESTRA DE AGUA T/ERRA

DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERIA

Ap. F 8cha

............................ ........................ ........................ ..................................................... ..... .........

7...... ......... 7..... ................

.......................... .................... ................... .............................. ................... ..... .......

.!J.

..... .........!. .... ...................... .....

896 299 896 .n.......................... ........................ ........................ ................................

.............. ~~~..... ......... ..... ........ .... ..................... .....

. Sow

. Seed

. Plants

. Trans rt

5. ADMITRTIV COSTS AN OTHRSTOTAL

TOTAL + Taxes:

59 353 101 748 101 748 101 748

........ ..... .... ..... .... .... ............

?7...8954 111133 102 043 98 49144 367 553 991 568 674 490 967

5 PROJECT N

COPPER REFIRY'S MOTHR WATER TRATMNT PLAN

804

332620918477

68 012364 597

1 598 790401 210

2 00 00

1. OBJCTIV:The main objective of ths project is to treat acid-ferrous solutions poured into Yauli river toobtain a neutralized solution that can be discharged after nickel recovery, and to purfy theraff solution to' obtain a fmal effuent with contents and impurities below maum allowable.levels (R. N. No. 011-96-EMIV.2. ENVONMNTAL IMACT ASSESSMENTTo maintain the level of impurities in the Copper Refmery s electrolyte, 30 to 40 thousandliters are daily extracted from the circuit and then tranferred to the neutralizers. In theseneutralizrs a saturated solution is produced though steam heating, addition of electrolytecopper scrap and copper oxide, and evaporation/oxidization with air. Ths solution canproduce copper sulfate though vacuum crystalliztion.

CuS0 crystals are separated by centrfugation and the resulting mother water is pariallyrecirculated to the neutrlizers. The excess is tranferred to a precipitation ta where issteam heated, iron scrap added to recover smelted copper, and then returned to the smelter.The copper free acid-ferrous solution (11,00 IIday) is fmaly discharged to the Yauli river(diag.No.

The average anlysis in g/l of mother water and effuents flowing to Yauli river show thefollowing results:

Mother water

Effuent:

. ,. ,;,:-

and pests.

Before planting, it wil be necessary to fertilize the platform with lime and manure toimprove water holding capacity, crop development and good frit growt which at theend of the vegetative period, wil allow seeds to be established to regermate theterrace far soil.

Trees can be planted on the edge of the terrace or platform so. their roots wil preventrain water from flowing over the wall-edges. They also can provide windscreens andmicroclimates for the terraces, as well as protect the terrace vegetation againtextremely cold weather or periods of low water availabilty.

TABLE NINSTMNT SCHEDULE FOR THE RECOVERERY OF ARAS

AFCTED BY SMOKES. $.

199 199 199 200

10 832 14 442 16 24 18 653e".n......................... .......n..._............ ........................ ....n..........................10 638 10 638 10 638 10 639........u................... ........................ ........................ ..............................-66 00 66 00 66 00 66 00...on........................ ........................ ..n.................... ................................11605 154 739 174082 193 423......n...................... ...u................... ........................ ...............................-425 425 425 427

170

.............................

...on................... ........................ .................................426 ............................. ......................... ......u................ ....n......."'''''..''''''..''477 142 ............................. ........................ ....u................... ..........n....................638 .n ......... ............

... ............... . ....... .. .... . ......... .....

......u.... ...

.. ............

24 0

.............

...u........

. ""."""".

u..".., ......

........ ..... .....".............

.......n.85

..............................

........n...... ....n. ............n......... .nnn

..."..".

n.....

...

851

.............................. .

...........n.........

...'..". ."...

'''n .......

.... ..... .......

34 12 325

................. ......... ........................ ...................... ....... ........_.. ....

7 66 7 681 n...... ..... ........

.. ..... ......... ............. . .... .. ... .... . .......... .... ... ..........

2 849 1 425

... ...

................ ........................ ........................ .......u.......................22 860 11 430

....... ............. ....... .......

......n... ........................ ...............

...... .........

11 395 11 397

............................. ........ .... .......... .."

...n..........n

..... ....... ................

1 418 2 128 .............nn....

.....

n............u........ ....... ................. .....n. .n...

.............

4 272 4 275

"".........

..n............ ............. .u....... ...........n............. ........

....

........n........6 798 6 798

............

......t.....

. . ............... ....

......................... .n..............................1095 109

............................. ............... ..... ....................... .. ...

u.....u......

......._...

7122 7123

............ ... .......... ........................ ..........

............. ..u...........u....._...

.....

8 06 16 12 1 34

..................... .... ...... ..... ....... ~~~... ...... :............... ....

5 576 '''...n..................... .........u.nn.

..... ......................... ........... ....

n...n......696 350

"."".....

n..............

.........

........ ......................... ."n......

.......................................... ..... ............. ..... .................

9..... ........................

....

1 494 1 494 498."".."..........n.....

........

.......u....... """......nn.....

... ........................ ......

TOTAL

59 57442 553

264 638 298

17021 00 128

170. 426

4771072

142638

851340

2302

12 32515 3414273

34 29122 7923548547

13 5962192

14 24525 532

156 678

35 7455576104

1703485

- i

-:.-- ,

P-. MA COMPLEJO fET..1(;RGICO - L OROYA Caoitlo V P:i2 t&7.

TABLA N

CRONOGR\J.'\.\ DE INRSIONES DEL PROYECTO RECUPER-\OONDEL ARA AFCTADA POR LOS HU!\10S - en U.S. S.

ACTIDAD DESARROLLARSE 1997 1998 1999 2000 TOTAL

1. CULTIVO DECOBERTURA0 Roturado 10 832 16 248 18053 59574

.--....-....-.. ----.-....... .-.---...--..

0 Mano de obra 10 638 10 638 10 638 10 639 42 553

.........................-.. .....-............- ..---.........-.......

uu..........------.0 Semilla 66 000

.....

Q9- 66 000 66 000 264 000

..--...................-- ---.........-.......

...nn."...".-...---..0 Abonamiento 116 054 154739 174082 193 423 638 298

...-..------.-........ --.......-- --................. ............-.....--..--..

0 Movilidad 425 425 425 427 1702

2. CONTROL DE CARCAVAS POR DIQUES. 1 006 128

1 DIQUE DE PIEDRAS SECA. Acarreo de piedras. 170 170

---.-..-...- .--....---- .--........-.. ----..--

. Acomodar piedraso 426 426

--- --..--......

. Movildad. 477 477

2 DIQUE DE MALLA 1072

. Hacer huecos 142 142

-.....--.-.-.--... .-....--..- ..-...-......-......... .---.-.----

0 Madera 638 638.....-........_u.....-

..........-.-.--

...__...un_...."."

--.........-...-.---.

. Malia 246 246

.......-.............-.....-. .--.--..--. -.---........ ----............

0 Acarreo de materiales

...---.---......-.-. ...-.....--.- -........-....... --.--...---

0 Plantacion 851 851

..---........-.-..... ..........--. .---.........-....... -.--..-.-..--.

. Movildad 340 340

3. CUL TIVO Y PLANT ACION DE TERRAS 2302

0 Motoniveladora 12325 12 325

.-.--.-..-.-...-.-. ----.-.. .--.-..--.-.- --.-----

. Rotulado 7660 7681 15 341

-..----....-.. ..-...-- ----..-- .-.-....---...

. Abono 2849 1425 4273

.-........--......-....... ......--.-.- -.-................ .....-....-.--.-

0 Abonamiento 22 860 11 430 34 291

--..-....-...-......... -.......-..-. --..-.-..-.-- ....-.......---..--

. Preparacion de huecos 11 395 11 397 22 792

..-.-........----.. .-.......-..- -.---..-.......... --......-...-----..

0 Acarreo 1 418

--_.

128 -- 3546

---.....-...--.. --......----..

....._u.__n_.__....-

Plantas 4272 4275 8547

..-......-...-..--. --...-.--. ---....-.....-.... .............-...-...-.....

0 Semi lias 6798

._._.

8 -- 13 596

..---......----. ----......... -.........--..--.

0 Sembrio ( Mano de obra) 1095 1097 ---._oQ.-..2192

..-.----....--. --.--- .....-.----..-...

0 Plantacion ( Mano de obra) 7122 7 12314245

-....---...-. ----.-...--.-- ..............-.--...-"",.

. Movildad 8 063 16 125 1344 25 532

4. MODIFICACION DE TALUDES156678

0 Preparacior de suelos 15319 20 426 35 7 4S

---..

0 Preparacion de huecos 5576 5576

.-.-.-. --- .---......

. Abono 696 350 1046

-------. --.-- .----.. --.---.-....-

. Acarreo 170 170

--..-- -.---...-- -..-----..

. Plantacion 1494 1494 498 3485

--...---- ---.--.-.

. Abonamiento .l_ 3447 1149 8043

--.--- -.-.----..

0 Sembrio

---- ----..-...--. ........---..

. Semila 1109 1109 1109 3326

.---.- --.-- .-.----..

0 Plantas 896 299 896 2091

---- ---...- --.-.--.

. Movildad 1589 3178 3178 533 8477

...-. .....--..--.-. ..-...--.-.---

68 012

5. COSTOS ADMINISTRATIVOS Y OTROS 59 353 101748 101 748 101 748 364 597

TOTAL 356 824 442 858 406 632 392 477 1 598 790

...-.....-..-.-...- .--..--- -..-..--..-.- ..--.-...-----..

IMPREvrSTOS. 89 544 111 133 102043 98 491 401 210

TOTAL IMPREVISTOS: 446 367 553 991 508 674 490 967 2 000 000

(. , 11

CRONOG.XLS -

parallel to Pipelines for cooling waterchanel N(136) . Chanel for rain water.

d) Electrolitic . Water of process.Zinc chanel

. Sewage water(126)

Refrigeration water wil be collected by gravity and piped to the power-house forrecirculation.

. Sewage water collected in the parallel canal (code 136), canl number 2 (code 119)and canl number 126 wil flow together to canl 119 and then return to the curentmiing point on the canal rug parallel to the Mantao river (code 136).

Process waters from canl number 1 (code 135) and canl number 2 (code 119) wilmeet at the site where canal number 1 now pours into the Mantao river (code135). Process and sewerage water pipes wil rest on metal support. Pipelinedesign wil ensure appropriate effuent circulation by gravity. The plan comprises

tasks related to layout, land movement and mechancal intallation of pipes.

Process and sewerage water wil be piped to a site across the Huancha ferritedeposits, thee kiometers from the metallurgic compound on the left downstreamban of the Mantao river where the effuent treatment plant wil be located.

. The raiwater sedimentation ponds wil be located near the indium plant - 'zinccircuit. These ponds wil collect rain water from the parallel and number 1 cans.

. Floor wash water from the copper agglomeration and roasting plants wil pour intocanl number 1 to be collected across the agglomeration plant and then pumped tothe thckener.

. Process water containg copper and lead slag and effuents from the copperrefInery is not covered in ths study. Mitigation of their impact is anlyzed in otherprojects.

3 Mitigation Project

1 Selection of options

Treatment of a single effuent combing process and sewerage water from themetalurgic complex and the treatment plant wil help mitigate the impact ofpollutats on Mantaro river water.

: '

Neutralation to pH=7 - precipitation/flocculation - pH correction to 10.5 -precipitation/flocculation - pH correction to 8/9 - pourig into river.

The separation of solids and liquids to isolate metals from caring effuents isan old practice in the metallurgical industr. The process taes advantage of

the inolubilty of metal hydroxides under base pH conditions. Theneutralization, increase of pH and subsequent precipitation/flocculation iswidespread in the mig and metallurgical industr and in other activitieswhere molten metals are poured including steel maufacturing,galvanoplastics, lamation, use of high furnces, and others.

Mud from the two clarifiers used for flocculation/sedimentation is pumped anddeposited on a controlled mud deposit provided with a geomembrane ling.Seepage and leached water are recycled upstream to the plant' s head site.

Flocculants are necessar because the hydroxide precipitate is jelly-like and wilrise to the surface. Therefor, polymers (flocculants) additionally to increasingsedimentation speed, prevent par of the precipitate from floatig and escapingwith the clarified liquid, thus hamperig separation.

Table 3. 1.111 shows data about plant operation. The plant was designed usingEnvironmental Process Designer, an industral process simulator forenvironmental purposes. Diagram 3. 1.111 shows the plant' s flow cha.

1.2 Other options

Precipitation processes using sodium sulfur have been discarded due to theirhigh cost.

. Other meta extraction processes that use solvents , selective ionic exchagereverse osmosis , electrowing, etc. were discarded because they exceedthe daily treatment theshold and present techncal and investment barers.

4. RESULTS OF THE MITIGATION PROJECT

. The project includes treatment for all zinc smelter and refmery effuents though not thosefrom the copper and lead refmery because effuent R-1 is treated in a separate project

(Poject No. 5; chapter V). Effuents with codes R- , 103, 104, 105, and 113 have beenremoved. Effuent R-3 shows positive pollution levels.

. The treatment plant is designed to process about 9. 1 cubic meters per miute, includingprocess (90%) and sewerage (10%) water.

. Output from the effuents treatment plant poured into the Mantaro river wil comply withmaximum limts set by the Minstr of Energy and Mines for polluting elements. Thecorresponding figures appear in the following table.

. :

':1

'JJ

'"l

(:,::..~~~. : . ..;;(,

Exitin2 Flow from NU-I03 to RiverComponents Flow Masico (kelh) Concentration (m2/l) N . P. (MEM)

0029

0952

0478 0,403579

3086

Suspended solids 1933 50,

::6

5. INSTMNT BUDGET

The breakdown of the investment required to implement the project appears below.

,,'

Global Cost esates Amount (US$)1. Segregation system cost and Conduction of effuent with the 282 742

Smelter.

2. Costs to adjust the smelter circuits according to the Effuent 113 00,Mangement Plan (Copper, Lead, Zinc Circuits)

3. Cost to implement recirculation system for speiss granulation 52 00 00 *waters

4. Cost to implement domestic waste water treatment system at 46 00,00 *the Huaymanta Refmery

5. Cost to implement the domestic waste water treatment system 55 00 00 *at the Huavmanta Constrction

6. Implementation of the sulfate deposits from the calcium plant 72 00,00 *at the fluorosilcic acid plant

7. Cost to connect and have pipes from the smelter to the 235731treatment plant.

8. Installation of the Effuent Treatment Plant in front of 2 44 422,Huanchan Ferrites.

Tota Cost Estimate ( :t 20%) 3 296 896,

Total project investment amounts to US$3 296,896 including other projects for which aseparate budget has been established. Therefor, the cost of the new treatment plant has beenestimated at US$2.5 millon. This reduced budget results from the above mentioned factsconcerng effuents R - , 103, 104, 105 and 113, and reduced amounts of industrial water

thank to the recirculation of refrigeration water.

) Implementation of the Speiss recirculation system for granulation water. Project No. 10,Chapter V.Implementation of the household sewerage water treatment at the Huaymata refmery. ProjectNo. 16 , Chapter V.Implementation of the household sewerage water treatment at the Huaymanta constrction.Project No. 16 , Chapter V.Implementation of the disposal system for calcium sulfate at the fluoride salicilc acid plant.Project underway.

:...:::

, Ii

. ,, -,:;': : .

i.:J

'':'. "'. ,

;::1

- :J

6. IMLEMENTATION PERIODProject implementation time is estimated at two years.

TABLE N 3/1

Desien Characteristics of the Plant to Different Operations Condition

Equipment Design Characteristics A percentie75%

Maxumoperationcondition

Y9.L 9!.Y9.L 9..

......................................... ............

9..

&?.............. ............. ?............

Y9.

...

2.............................................. ........

......... ......... ........

Y9. J!g L........................................... .........

!.......... ...........

L......

.!!! ~~~~

2........................... ............9..

??.............. ............. ._.........

2.......................................................... ...........

??............ ........... ??..._.....

Hei!zht (m)

~~~

!!9. 2................................. ............ lQ............ .............

._......_.g!! ).................................................................... ?.......................... ?...........~~~~

E.. 2.................................................

.............

9..

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PROJECT NO.

CONTAINT WALL FOR LEAD MU DEPOSITS AT TH ZILERET PLAN -ZINC DMSION

1. OBJCTIV

To prevent pouring into the Mantao river the lead mud with high concentrations of impuritiesthat has been accumulated next to the hydro-metallurgy Zileret plant.

2. ENVONMNTAL IMACT ASSESSMENT

The hydro-metalurgy unt generates a lead sludge tht accumulates at a site adjoing theplant. The mud return to the Lead Smelting Circuit. However, while in storage, a leachsolution seeps to canl 136 that pours into the Mantao river. The presence of ths effuentsubstatially increases pollution from ths can. Leak from the pipes and rainwater runoffmake the situation stil more severe.

3. MITIGATION OPTIONS

A containent wall in the mud deposit wil include a system for collectig the solution drain.It wil then be recycled to the plant. Also, as a result of using ths approach, it wil bepossible to isolate mud from rainwater permeating the system.

4. RESULTS FROM MITIGATION

Elimtion of the pollutig effuent.

5. INSTMNT

Estimated project cost is US$5 00.

6. IMLEMENTATION PERIOD

The project should be concluded by the fIrst half next year.

10 PROJECT NO.

RECIRCULATION OF WATER USED IN SPEISS GRAATION AT TH FOAMFUACE. LEAD SMELTER.

1. OBJCTIV

To prevent contaated water used in speiss granulation, containg mostly arsenicantimony and suspended paricles, from being poured into the Mantao river.

2. ENVONMNTAL IMACT ASSESSMENT

The foamg furnce is used to process copper foam recovered from the lead receptionbuckets. Lead bullon, mate sod and speiss resulting from the process are granulated foreasier tranporttion to the copper smelter where copper and silver contents are recuperated.

The speiss granulation water, contaminated by dissolved elements and suspended paricles, issent to a sedimentation pond and then dischaged into canl 2 for pourig into the Mantaoriver.

3. MITIGATION OPTIONS

1 Use speiss granulation water in a closed loop

The project would fully recycle speiss granulation water to prevent pollution of theMantaro river.

4. . PROCESS DESCRIION

Clarfied water wil be pumped from the sedimentation ponds and sent to a 135 cubic meterta and then pumped back to the speiss sprayers in a closed loop process.

5. RESULTS FROM MIIGATION

Completely ' recycling water used in speiss graulation would prevent the effuent fromcontating Mantao river water.

6. INSTMNT

Implementing the project would require an investment of US$55,00.

7. IMLEMENTATION PERIOD

The project should become operationa in the ftrst half of next year.

. .

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11 PROJECT No.

NEW ANODE WASHIG SYSTEM FOR THE ZINC REFINRY

1. OBJCTIV

The main objective of the project is to mie the spilover of anode washig effuents withhigh acidic residual and metal contents.

2. ENVONMNTAL IMACT ASSESSMENT

An acid effuent produced at the cell house in the Zinc Plant as a result of Pb-Ag anodewashig includes suspended solids (maganese dioxide) that are captued in a sedimentationdevice. Untreated water is then poured into the Mantao river.

III e. Ie . V' e' ra. : e' an. I U.

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Point m3/mi 0 C mgll124 13. 61.672 13. 143.

Artm t. A 94 F b 95 (*

Nota: (*)Source EV AP Metallurgic Complex of La Oroya.

3. ALTERNATIVS FOR MITIGATION

A semi-automated system for anode scratchig, straightenig and washig in fIxed position isbeing set up at present. This should allow disposing of solid scarg tht wil then be sent aspulp to the Pilot Plant and/or to the leachig unit. The remaing liquid effuent wil beprocessed in the industrial liquid effuent treatment plant to reduce meta content below themaxum allowable amounts. (R.M. No. 011-96).

..,

4. RESULTS OF MITIGATION

Control of Mantao river pollution from liquid effuents.

5. INSTMNT

The project has been estimated at US$15 00 fmaced with internl resources.

6. TIM FOR IMLEMENTATIONProject implementation should tae one year.

:,1

7. TIMTABLEThe project should conclude by 1997.

12 PROJECT NO.

COPPER AN LEAD SLAG MAAGEMENT AN DISPOSAL

The main purpose of ths project is to elimate solid and liquid pollution from the Mantaoriver due to discharges of contanated water containg suspended solids and/orcontating ions resulting from the granulation and tranport of copper and lead slag. Thisproject wil allow to comply with Minstr regulations on the disposal of solid and liquidemissions included in R.M. No. 315-96-EM/VMM.

1. IMACT ASSESSMENT

Copper and lead slag is discharged at. the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex into the LeadSleeve Furnce and the Reverberation Furnace. The two tys of slag are discharged asliquids at 1 100 C and 1,200 C, respectively. They are then granulated by sudden cool downusing pressurized water and tranported by gravity as slur along rectagular sectionchaels to a set of hoppers where liquids and solids are separated.

The slag at the bottom of the hopper is sent by a cable car tranporttion system to theHuanchan deposit 2.2 kiometers away across the Mantao river. Ths system has been in usesince 1930. It is now obsolete and creates many operative, maintenace and tranporttiondiffculties.

Water used for granulation pours directly onto the Mantao river and cares fme and/orsuspended slag, as well as dissolved metals , thus creating a serious pollution condition.

Anlysis of filtered solutions overfowing from the copper and lead slag

Sb (g/l) S02 S04 N03-(mg/l) (mg/l) (mJ;ll) (g/l) (J;/l (g/l) ll)

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Oven Pb 1 20,

Oven Pb 2 22,40

Reverbero 28, 30,

Anysis of suspended solids (fme slag) overfowing from the copper and lead slag

SOLIDS

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Reverbero

1 Granulation System

Operation tieSlag dischage from the reverberation furnce is intermttent. Dischage usually taesplace for 6.5 hours in every 8 hour shift at a flow rate of 34.77 tons an hour (678 tonsa day). Lead slag is dischaged around the clock at 20.3 tI or 397 tIday.

Amount of water

: j':-:,.,

The following amounts of water are used at present.For copper slag granulation: 276 lIs (4 375 gallons per miute)For lead slag granulation: 224 lIs (3 547 gallons per miute)

Water characterics

Before granulation water temperatue fluctuates between 10 and 14 oC, depending onthe season of the year. After granulation, water temperature may reach 28Chemical anyses have revealed traces of lead, arsenic , copper, iron and suspendedsolids in amounts occasionally above the maximum allowed quantities.

Steam

Water steam from granulation is released directly into the atmosphere.

2 Tranportation system

Equipment

The current cable car tranporttion has been in use since 1930 and was designed tocarr only 600 tId. An obsolete system, it creates many operation and maintenacediffculties. Given its originl design, condition and age, the system cannot be

improved upon.

Capacity

The current system is unable to car the 1, 100 tons of slag produced daily to thedeposit area in Huancha. Inuffcient tranporttion capabilties as well as limtedstorage and witholding capacity of the slag reception hoppers account for ths fact.

Granulation water overfowing from the ta together with refrgeration water fromthe copper and lead smelters containg the following substaces are poured into theMantao river.

Inor anc Primary inor.ganc ions mg/l

Cond Flow Temp S04J.S m3/mi mgll Total

772 58, 28, 19, 2251, 260 5.60

Inorganc Metals mg/l

Hj?

0020 007

2. MITIGATION OPTIONS

1 Processing

Several tyes of equipment were considered for disposing of used waters, includingthckeners, shakers, sedimentation hoppers, INBA rotating devices, and the DenverSala screw-ty water disposal system.

The INBA rotating equipment was chosen because of its mial component wearfeatures and rapid water/slag separation (fitering) capabilty.

Alterntives to cable car tranporttion include the INC Cable Belt, Mitsubishi'capsule pipeline, and the conveyor belt system to car materials to the left bank of the

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Mantaro river. The last option was selected because it presents the lowest cost for thestructures supporting the conveyor belt and is cheaper to service.

. "

2 The project1 Description and location

The project considers the purchase and implementation of the following items.

Solids-liquids separation equipment

We propose to intall two state-of-the-ar INBA rotating water disposal devicesthat turn at about 3rpm. The new granulation system operates on a 10-to-oneweight proportion between water and slag. Water wil be continually recycledto prevent pollution of the Mantao river. The granulation system used atpresent operates on a 40::1 water to slag weight rate.

Only 183 lis (2 90 gpm) of water would be needed using such advancedtechnology for copper and lead slag granulation.

The new system can also dispose of 1 400 tons of copper and lead slag per day.Ths capacity can easily accommodate futue expanion of the copper and leadplants.

New tranporttion system

Designed to car 1,400 tIday, the system largely suffces to cover the current100 tons currently produced every day.

Slag wil be caried on conveyor belts to the left bank of the Mantao river tobe disposed of.

The water disposal system wil be located near the curent slag deposit. The

tranporttion system wil sta at ths point and cross the Mantao river to its, left ban.

2 Invesent

Implementing the project wil require investing an estimated US$6.5 milion. Abreakdown appears below.

1.0 Separation System - liquid, solid, granulation and

recirculation of waterTran ort S stem

SUB- TOTAL

900

708608892500

TAX+/-15%TOTAL

The investment cost covers project engineerig and magement, fieldengineerig, outsource engineering, prelim works and land movementstrctures and foundations , mechacal and electrc intalation, conveyor belttranorttion systems , granulation water cooling and re-circulating systems,INA water disposal devices, slag granulators , electric motors, reducers andcontrol intrents.

3 Implementation tietable

Implementing the project should tae thee (3) years , as specified below.

~~~

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494362

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3. RESULTS OF MITIGATION

Afer the new slag mangement and disposal system becomes operational, granulation watercontaing suspended solids and copper and lead residues wil no longer be poured into theMantao. Thus , it wil be possible to achieve the following levels of dischage reguated by

M. No. 01l-96-EMNM - Attchment 1.

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CLOSUR OF THE COPPER AN LEAD SLAG DEPOSIT

1. OBJCTIV

This project seeks to assess the stabilty and elevation of the slag deposits , and determe theworks needed to mitigate or elimate the environmental impact on the land, water, air andliving beings in the area though land reclamation and remedial measures.

Other works include implementing a new deposit following environmenta control regulationsto accommodate futue production increases.

2. IMACT ASSESSMENT

The slag deposit ha been used since 1930 and has accumulated 10 miion tons of copper andlead slag. It is located in the Huanchan area , 2.2 kiometers from the smelter on a geologicalterrace over the left bank of the Mantao river, along the highway. A cable car caries anaverage 758 metrc tons of slag to the deposit every day.

The slag is piled in cone-shaped mounds about 70 meters height over 25 hectaes of landrising between 3 715 and 3 805 meters of altitude above sea level.

Real and potential impacts related to its stabilty and interaction with the environment resultfrom the deposit's characteristics and location near the Central Highway and the Mantaoriver.

1 Stabilty

The amounts of slag deposited on the site, the deposit' s elevation, the type of wastesand the proximty to large amounts of water from the Mantao river create stabiltyproblems tht should be elimted or reduced, parcularly if we tae intoconsideration the continued use of the area for future metalurgical operations. Shoulda land slide occur, the solid wastes would pollute not only the river in the La Oroyaarea , but also towns and settlements downtream.

Interaction with the envionment

The Mantao river is vulnerable to pollution due to its proximty to the deposit. Themain sources of pollution are water flowing at the foot of the deposit, rainwater runoffand drainge into the ground.

The wind acts on the deposit by lifting some of the fme paricles contained in the slag.

3. MITIGATION OPTIONS

The project considers the intial closing of the deposits and various engineering works to becarried out until the deposits are defmitely reclaimed. We present below the chaacteristics the project designed in collaboration with Rescan Peru S.

1 Studies

. Geo-techncal research: field research laboratory assays, soil classificationstratigraphic profte descriptions , resistace parameters using SPT assays , and others.

Stabilty evaluation of existing deposits: deposit wall stabilty, adjoing slopestabilty, anlysis methods.

Potential for expanion and remaing capacity.

Stabilty to rainwater runoff.

. Seepage control.

Stabilty to wind erosion.

. Effuent control.

Containent walls planed around the deposits and the gutters to dispose of seepagemust be built with frost and sulfate resistat concrete.

By catchig about 45 liters of water per second crowng ditches at a constat slope offive degrees wil provide stabilty againt rainwater ruoff on the adjoing slopes.

About 8. 1 liters per second of seepage water wil be collected by a gutter rug the foot of the slag deposit and cared to the Mantao river.

Post-closure envionmenta monitorig

After the deposit is closed it wil be necessary to monitor the site s stabilty and

effuents for timely correction of anomalies and to ensure proper environmentalconservation. All waterways wil get maintenace at least before and after the rainyseason tht runs from October to April. All effuents, runoff and upwelling from thedeposit wil be periodically tested to tae the appropriate corrective measures, shouldthey be required.

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3 Storage capacity and new deposit

The maximum recommended superelevation for the existing system is 3 762 mas!.The remaing deposit capacity reaches 2.36 millon cubic meters estimated over auseful slag accumulation life of 10 to 13 years.

The new deposit wil be located in Cochabamba, nie kilometers from La Oroya alongthe road to Huancayo on the left ban of the Mantao river. This deposit wil respectall safety and environmenta regulations.

4. RESULTS OF MITIGATION

Implementig the project wil allow to address the following issues.

1 Pollution

Reducing pollution of the Mantao river to a mium. Chemica tests of draingeand/or runoff water reveal allowable percentage amounts of pollutats tht do notjeopardize the quality of water in the area. After precipitation, water collected by thegutters wil be poured directly into the Mantao river. No additiona water treatmentfacilties need to be built.

2 Area stbilty and recamation

The project wil ensure the dynac and static stabilty of the deposit mounds in caseof overcharge or earquake , in paricular because La Oroya is extremely prone toearquaes.

The area s recovery and reclamation wil be par of the closure plan. When thedeposit's useful life concludes , the area wil be reclaimed to safety conditions simarto those at the beging of metallurgical operations.

3 Contiuity of operations

The Huacha deposit wil remain in operation unti the new one becomes fullyoperational to ensure the uniterrpted disposal of the slag from the copper and leadsmelters.

5. INSTMNT BUDGET

1.0 New Cochabamba deposit

Current Deposit

1 Works for protection and stabilty

2 Complementary works

2.3 Treatment and restauration

2 200 2 200

2 00

550

2 00 4 550

6 750

00 007 750

SUB- TOTALTax+/-15%

TOTAL

6. IMLEMENTATION TIMTABLE

Implementing the project should tae four (4) years, as specified below.

1997 Current deposit, work for stabilty 1 250 00 1998 New Cochabamba deposit 2 500

1999 Current deposit , protection , treatment and others 2 500

200 Current deposit, recovering and remediation 1 500

TOTAL 750

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14 PROJECT NO. 14

PROJECT: CLOSUR OF TH MAPASO ARENIC TROXIE DEPOSIT.CLOSUR OF THE VADO DEPOSITE. CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW DEPOSIT ATV ADO.

1. OBJCTIVS

This project seeks the full mitigation of environmenta pollution resultig from the arsenictrioxide deposits accumulated by the La Oroya Metallurgical Complex. It wil and thus permtto comply with regulations setting the maxum allowable levels for liquid effuents specifiedin R.M. No. 01l-96-EM/VMM dated Janua 10th, 1996 and for elements and compoundspresent in gas emissions from mig and metalurgical operations, as specified by R.M. No.315-96-EM/V from July 16th, 1996 enacted by the Minstr of Energy and Mines.

2. IMACT ASSESSMENT

Arsenic troxide results from the smelting of copper and lead. Diffcult to sell, the by-producthas accumulated for about a quarer century in two areas. One is the Malpaso location used asa deposit until 1992 after having been in continuous operation for about 25 years. The otheris the Vado area, currently in use. Although both deposits were built in compliance withthen-enforced stadards, neither meets current environmenta regulations for ruoff rainwaterand air quality.

1 Deposit characteristcs

Malpaso deposit

Loation: Situated on the Mantao river alluvial plain about one kiometer downstreamfrom the Malpaso hydropower plant and some 19 kiometers upstream from the LaOroya smelter (see Figure 1).

Volume: Prelim fmdings of the investigation cared out by ADI InterntionalCons1lltats from Canada put the estimted curent volume of deposit material at some38,00 cubic meters , or 45,00 tons of residues.

Topography: Most of the deposit is covered with stones found locally and canot beseen by the naed eye. However, several surveys have identified exposed arsenictrioxide. Local topography appears in Figure 2 - Malpaso Section.

Operating conditions: Ths deposit was used for about 25 years until 1992.

Vado deposit

Loation: Situated on the Mantao alluvial plain, ths deposit is located about 9kiometer upstream from the smelter in the direction of Cerro de Pasco. It can bereached by either a road in good state of repair or by rail (see Figue 1).

- --

Volume: Prelimar fmdings of the investigation caried out by ADI InterntionaConsultats from Canda put the estimated current volume of deposit material at some

00 cubic meters , or 115,00 tons of residues.Topography: Most of the deposit is exposed. Area topography appears in Figure 2 -Vado section.

Operating conditions: In use.

Average chemical composition:

% As % Sb % Cu % Pb % Zn g/t g/t % In

88- Traz

2 Water qualty

Arsenic and other elements from the deposits located in areas rich in alluvial materialsare percolated by nearby riverwater and intense rainall. The resulting ruoffcontributes to pollute the Mantaro river.

The following pollutat amounts (in mg/l) were identified by research caried out atour Metallurgical Research Deparent before and aftr stock at Vado was taen todeterme river water quality.

Upstream of Vado Downeam of Vado

Date

27-

29-

31-

03-4-

05-4- 0,46

07-4-

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12-4-

15-4- -- 1

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19-4-

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L.M. (I) 0,40

L.M. (2)Fuente: Memorandum Interno DIM-074-95 del 06-06-1995.L.M. (I): Limtes M:iimos Permsibles en Cualquier Momento (mgll).L.M. (2): Limtes M:iimos Permsibles Valor Promedio Anual (mg/l).

Arsenic concentration in and the resulting pollution of the Mantao river increases afterthe Vado stock , as can be gathered from the table.

::.'

Other elements such as copper, lead and iron increase only very slightly and do notmerit attention.

No significant changes in pH were observed between the two taes. Values ragedfrom 7.3 to 7.

, 2.3 Air qualty

Wind also contributes to pollution from the Vado deposit. Ai in the location continuously monitored by a station locates in Casaracra, about one kiometer fromVado. From Janua to December 1995, the average amount of airborne arsenic was'

220 ug/m3 whie from Januar to June 1996, the corresponding figure was 0.086ug/m . The lower figure is accounted for by the fact tht par of the surface wascovered with ear from the surrounding area, and that in the Western end of the areatwo trial deposits were established in mounds of 500 m each. One was lined with ageomembrane and the other with clay. In both cases the area was covered with farsoil and planted with grass.

3. MIIGATION OPTIONS

Candian fIrm ADI Interntional was retained by Centromi to look into various ways ofclosing the deposits and establishig a new one that wil permt producing arsenic trioxide inthe future.

The studies include basic engineering and term of reference for detailed engineerig studies.They comply with requirements and guidelines set fort by Canda Council ofEnvironmental Minsters described in that countr' " Nationa Guidelines for LadfIling ofHazrdous Waste," CCME-WM/TR-028E and also with the US Environmental ProtectionAgency guidelines included in the document on "Ling of Waste Containent and OtherImpoundment Facilties, " EP N6oo/2-88/052.

Also included are the studies on hydrogeological and geotechncal conditions of the areasinvolved prior to design, the specifications for design and post-constrction monitoringsystem, and the constrction specifications for the deposit itself.

The studied closure and decommssionig options included site closure, tranfer of materialsto a designated alterntive site (possibly at the airort), tranfer of materials to a safe locationin the same site , and cementing the residues using concrete , polymers or other materials. Thefmal decision was made to develop a safe , on site deposit , as is described below.

1. Closure and decommsionig of the Malpaso deposit

The required deposit is designed to comprise a lined bottom, a composite cover and aleachig detection and monitoring system. The system wil control contatemissions to the environment and control potential public exposure.

Designed to allow digging out of approxitely 50 % of residues from the area andtheir removal to a temporar site, the system includes the constrction of two cells.The fIrst cell wil be built in the excavated area. The removed wastes wil be movedto the new cell and the wastes from the temporar deposit wil be moved to the secondcell. The concept appears in Plan No. 1 for the Malpaso site.

Also to be determed are the consequences of surface water runoff which must betaken care of in the design, including peak load management during the constrction

The deposit wil consist of a double flexible membrane linr placed at the bottom ofthe deposit, an FML cover on top, and a system to monitor leachig from the bottomlayer. Concept and details appear in Plan No. 1 - Malpaso site, as well as crosssections for the top and bottom covers.

The proposal complies with CCME and EP A specifications except for the requirementsfor leach collection which are unecessar because the cells wil be sealed aftr placingthe wastes and there wil be no production of solutions inide the cell.

2 Closure of the Vado deposit

Encapsulation work wil be simar to tht to be cared out at Malpaso and mayinclude some section of the new deposit as the temporar site. These works can alsobe tackled by modules.

The system design should allow to excavate approximately one thd of the wastes andplace them in the free area. Ths procedure wil require the building of a newcontainent wall outside the deposit area to prevent accumulating wastes fromescaping the deposit. The excavated area wil then be prepared to receive the materialsby building a safe deposit.

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Next, about one thd of the wastes wil be deposited there and the cell sealed. Thsprocedure wil be repeated two more times to accommodate the remaing wastes. Thefmal result should be thee safe deposit cells.

The concept and details appear in Plan No. 1 - Vado Existing Site. The ilustration isshows the stages of wastes handling and cell building.

Design of the temporar deposit area wil control migration or leachig ofcontainted materials while the temporar deposit is in use. This deposit wil beclosed once the cells are built.

As in the case of the Malpaso deposit, the proposal complies with CCME and EP specifications except for the requirements for leach collection. These are unecessarbecause the cells wil be sealed after placing the wastes and there wil be no productionof solutions inide the cell.

3 New deposit (Vado

Cell building wil tae place in the old airort area using the same encapsulationtechnque and a module by module approach. With production of only 4 00 tons ofarsenic trioxide per year, the fmal expected capacity of 50,00 tons wil permt tooperate the deposit for 25 years. A multiple cell design must be prepared.

A multiple cell confguation wil alow for more flexible storage of arsenic trioxideand monitorig and control of exposure of the waste to outdoor conditions. The cellswil remain open for five years at most.

Specifications and details of the proposed systems appear in Plan No. I-Vado AiortSite.

Since each individual cell of the deposit wil remain open for a maimum of 5 yearsleachig may occur during the raiy season. Therefor, the system design shouldinclude a leachate treatment system to mage lixiviation in the thee cells, a samplingtool for leachate monitorig, and a system for loading and unoading treatment waterand iron or calcium arsenate wastes that wil eventuly mi with the arsenic troxidein the cells.

4 Investment

Implementing the described projects wil require the following investments.

DESCRIION AMOUN US$

1.0 Malpaso deposit closure 2 800

Vado Deposit closure 4 800

New deposit 1 750

SUB-TOTAL 9 350

Tax 1 350

TOTAL 10 700

5 Implementation tietable

Implementing the project wil tae five (5) years , as detailed below.

4. MITIGATION RESULTS

comprehensive solution to pollution problems is the expected outcome of the proposedsolution including decommssionig of the existing deposits , and building anew, state-of-the-ar deposit tht wil comply with the highest interntiona stadads and requirements.

The old deposit sites wil be reclaimed and restored to its originl aspect to make itindistinguishable from the surrounding area.

Air and Mantao river water quality wil be monitored to comply with maimum allowablelevels established by Minstr of Energy and Mines regulations No. 011-96-EMIV fromJanuar 10th 1996 and 315-EM/V from July 16th 1996.

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Lead (mjl/l) 0,4

Copper (mjl/l)

Zinc (mjlll)

Iron (mg/l) ' 1

Arsenic (mg/l)

Cyande tota

Maxum Permssable Levels - Ai Qualty Ai Qualty

Daiy AverageAnual Average Around

Concentration Concentration DepositsParameters

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flglm (ppm)

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15 PROJECT NO.

ZINC FERRTE

1. OBJCTIV

This project aims at assessing the stabilty and elevation conditions of the zinc ferrte depositsand subsequently to establish the need for environmental mitigation of impact on land , waterair and living organsms, as well as for land reclamtion and recovery.

.--

Two scenaios are contemplated for zinc ferrite mitigation:. Expanding deposits No. 3 and 4 and techncally decommssionig the four other ones

Studying the techncal and economic feasibilty of processing the products

2. IMACT ASSESSMENT

Refmed zinc obtained from the zinc sulfur concentrates at the La Oroya metalurgical complexgoes though thee heat and water metallurgical processes, naely roasting, leachig,purifmg, electrowing, fusion and molding. For water leachig, an acid (wasted electrolytic) solution is used to dissolve zinc contained inthe calcite produced by concentrate roasting. Ths results in a zinc sulfate solution and a solidwaste tht is mostly (75 %) made up of zinc ferrite (F ZnO).

The amount of daily residues from leachig (115 tons) largely exceeds the Zileret treatmentplant' s capacity (50 tons/day). As a consequence the excess has ben deposited at theHuanchan deposit some thee kiometers from the metallurgical compound. To October 31st1996, the deposit had received 1 242 796 tons of residues.

Ferrte pulp is placed in wells surounded by borrowed materials. To meetig growingcapacity demad , the impoundment walls are raised regularly using the upstream methodologywithout compacting or increasing humdity.

Water contri1;mted by the ferrte sludge is drained at one end of each pond and caried byunderground piping to the left ban of the Mantao river.

Wind and rainall cause tranport fme paricle and generate soluble salt solutions (S04Zn)tht eventually reach the Mantaro river.

CIRCUITO DE ZINC

CONCENT,DE ZINC

ZINC

REFINERIA

ZINCPLANTA

DE TRATAMIENTODE RESIDUOS

(ZILERET E INDIO)

D PFERRITAS

HUANCHAN

RESIDUO FRESCO RESIDUO RESCO

1 Stabilty of deposit contaent wal

A study caried out by Rescan Peru to assess stabilty of the deposits' containent wallsshowed critical conditions in some walls whie others approach the minimum regulatedstadards as shown by the following table.

LEFr 1.165 946 Critical

RIGHT 1.482 1.158 Stable

LEFr 266 966 Stable

RIGHT 2.468 1. 692 Stable

LEFr 1.481 1.102 Stable

4-4 LEFr 1.423 1.065 Critical

LEFr 467 090 Critical

LEFr 1.432 1.139 Stable

Seimc Coeffcient: 1.5; Method utiled: Bisho Method

2 Ai qualty

Air pollution is caused by airborne paricles from sun drying of humd materials deposited inthe ponds.

Air is constatly monitored from the station located between the slag and ferrite deposits atHuancha. The following table shows measurements taen from Januar to August 1996.The figures are close to the maximum allowable levels, except for lead which, at 2.7 ug/m3,exceeds the top limt. Lead pollution may be accounted for by wind-driven poisonous smokeoriginting in the compound' s main smokestack.

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3 Water quaty

Lixiviation wastes are deposited at sites close to the Mantaro river ban over alluvial ground.Moreover, they are exposed to intense rainall in winter. The resulting percolation anddissolution of soluble Zn salts and other elements eventually reach and pollute the Mantaoriver.

Our control deparent monitors metal flows and contents of effuents discharged into theMantao river. The averages for the Januar to August 1996 period appear in the followingtable.

EFLUENTE LIQUIDO DESCARGADO AL RIO

DE LOS DEPOSITOS DE HUANCH

The table shows zinc and lead concentrations above allowed limts. Other elements such asCu, Fe and As fall within allowed parameters , as are pH levels.

4 Location of deposits

Plan No. M03-96-04 shows the exact location of the zinc (zinc ferrite) leachig deposits.

5 Wastes to October 31st, 1996

Well N 102 623,Well N 94 429,Well N 312 935,Well N 732 708,

Tota 1242797,

6 Size of deposit mounds

Well N 11 760.0 mWell N 11 600.5 mWell N 25 868.5 mWell N 45 576.0 m

Tota 94 805.0 mMound height fluctuates from six to 12 meters.

7 Chemical analysis

- ANALISIS QUIMICO DEL RESIDUO ALMACENADO EN POZAS ANTIGUAS(ANTES DE 1 980), %

4. .

3. MITIGATION OPTIONS

The zinc ferrite project includes various measures and engineering works to fulldecommssionig of the deposits. Environmental impact mitigation is analyzed in the contextof the two scenarios already mentioned.

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1 First scenario: Technca decommssioning of deposits

1.1 StabiltyIncludes works to be cared out (containent walls, top ditches, gutters , etc.

to ensure the stabilty of the deposits againt their eventual collapse, runofferosion, and environmental pollution with reasonable parameters foreartquakes and torrential rainall.

The following studies were caried out.

. Geo-techncal research: field research, laboratory assays , soil classification

stratigraphic profIe descriptions , resistace parameters using SPT assays, andothers.

Stabilty evaluation of existing deposits: deposit wall stabilty, adjoingslope stabilty, anlysis methods.

Potential for expanion and remaing capacity.

Stabilty to rainwater runoff.

. Seepage control.

Stabilty to wind erosion.

. Effuent control.

Containent walls planed around the deposits and the gutters to dispose ofseepage must be built with frost and sulfate resistat concrete.

.--.

Top ditches at a constat slope of five degrees wil provide stabilty againtrainwater runoff on the adjoing slopes by catchig about 45 liters of water persecond.

1.2 Storage capacity

-- '

Deposits 1 and 2 have almost reached their limt capacity. Their walls shouldbe strengthened and then proceed to decommssionig. Deposits 3 and 4 stilshow potential for expanion by increasing their height and may continue toreceive wastes for a relatively short time. However, some walls wil needeventual strengtenig to provide physical stabilty.

3 Environmenta control measures

These include stabilty and effuent monitoring measures. Reinorcement wallsin all four deposits should ensure stabilty in case of earquake. Liquideffuents emanting from the deposit sites wil be treated at a plant specifically

designed for smelters and refmeries , thus ensuring discharges to the Mantaoriver wil strctly comply with regulations established by the Minstr Energy and Mines.

2 Second scenario: Techncal and economic feasibilty of processing zinc ferrite

Zinc ferrite deposited at the Huanchan site located 3 kilometers from the La Oroyametallurgical complex (see diagram 4. 1.3/1 - Chapter IV total 1 242 739 tons. Theircontent of Zn, Ag, Cd and Cu gives them an economic value of US$230 milion. present below the reasons for proposing their processing.

Processing TechnoloJres for Zinc FerritesTechnology Process Investment Treatment Cost

US $ Mion US $ / t Rem.AUSMELT Submerged Lace 88,

(New Process) Cap. Pt: 17500tIy

LURGI Waelz 100Known Process Cap. Pt: 60

tIy

Pressured leachig technology using zinc concentrates

The thee fluid bed roasters (F) and the turbulent bed roaster (TLC) would bereplaced by an autoclaved pressurized leachig plant using the zinc concentrates(sphalerite) and Sherrit pressurized lixiviation technology. The leachig plant wouldproduce 70 00 tons a year of refmed zinc at anvestment cost of US$40 miion. Bycontrast, a new TLR would and the corresponding sulfuric acid plant would costUS$52.9 millon.

Pressure lixiviation technology would also allow to use the Zileret plant and its 50ton/day capacity Ki-type fuce for the exclusive processing of ferrte from theHuanchan deposit. Additional advantages include:

Elimting the S02 smoke. Sulfur would be fIxed as elementa sulfurnotwithtading its limted demad.

Sulfuric acid tranporttion and storage problems would be parially solved.

4. RESULTS OF MITIGATION

The following issues are addressed by ths project.

1 Pollution

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Minal Mantao river pollution. Discharges into the river from the effuent treatmentplant wil respect maximum allowable amounts established by the Minstr of Energyand Mines. Likewise , analyses of runoff and drainage water show allowable percentamounts of pollutats. Therefor, water collected by gutters wil be poured withouttreatment into the river after sedimentation without the need to build special treatmentplants.

2 Physica stabilty

The project wil ensure the dynac and static stabilty of the ferrite deposit mounds incase of seismic activity, in paricular because La Oroya is located in an area of intenseearquake activity.

3 Meta recovery

..'

Use of the above technologies wil permt to recover the metas contaed in the ferrteand reclaim the site to its origin' condition.

5. INSTMNT BUDGET

A breakdown of the required investment follows.

DESCRIION INSTMNT US$Detailed Engineerin1! 160 Construction of walls at foot of slope 2 570 Cap deposits 740 River Ban Wall 216 Restoration of soils 400 Conduction pipes for effuents and fitrations 480 Chanel toward the treament plant 146

SUB TOTAL 4 712 Taxes 888

TOTAL 5 600 6. IMLEMENTATION PERIODThe project should go in line in four (4) years.

7. SOURCES:Ausmelt Ltd. Boar Longyear, Kilborn Lavalin Europe, A.D. Zunkel Consultats Inc

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for the future use of the soil. Future land use categories may include industrial orresidential-recreational.

6 Investment Budget

The following is the approximate investment budget for the accomplishment of the totalclosure of the complex:

-- ,

1.0 Equipment dismantlingDismantling of metallc structureCivil works demolitionInvestigation and correction of the areaSale of recovered building material and eauiument

SUB- TALCONTINGENCIES

TOTAL

15000000190000005 OOO 000

5500000( 22 500 000)22 OOO 000

2 OOO 000

24 000 000

7 Execution Schedule

The project execution schedule is estimated to require 70 month, according to the

following detailed schedule:

Finishig off the inventoriesEstablishig environmental controls

Dismantling and removal of reusable eauiumentDemolitionSite investigationsSite reclamatioTOTAL

8 Mitigation proposal An imediate reduction of a high proportion of the polluting agents being released intothe environment wil occur upon closure of the complex. According to the activitymaster plan for ths closure , pollution from the site wil fall far below the establishedpermssible levels.

Another importnt issue of the mitigation wil be reclamation to allow the futureacceptable use of the land. Remediation of the environment wil help to improve the

. regional quality of life from an environmental point of view , not only in La Oroya butalso in the river bed and the downstream Mantaro river valleys.

9 Economic AnalysisThe characteristics of the closure plan, which are not directly involved with theproduction process, do not allow the definition of a profitabilty type measurable ineconomic terms for the La Oroya metallurgic complex.

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16 PROJECT No. 16

SEWAGE WATER TREATMNT AN GARAGE DISPOSAL IN LA OROYA

1. OBJCTIV

The project seeks to identify the necessary engineerig works and purchase and mounting ofequipment needed for sewerage water treatment and garbage disposal in residential areasattched to Centromi Peru. Ths should prevent Mantao river pollution from these sourcesin compliance with governent regulations.

2. IMACT ASSESSMENT

Alost all sewerage and runoff water is collected by the existig drain network in theresidential areas attched to Centromi. Although the system is in good state of repair, thecollected water is poured untreated into the Mantao river, thus contributig to the riverpollution. .

Garbage collection is cared out with a compacting trck tht fails to meet curent needs.The trck travels an additional nie kilometers from the fma collection point.

Garbage is deposited without regard for land fIling technques. The deposit's location on theriver s left ban and near its bed have turned to turn the garbage deposit into an additionasource of pollution.

3. MITIGATION OPTION

Aquaplan Engineering consulting services were retained to anlyze various techncal andeconomic solutions to the above-mentioned problems. An option comprising two activatedmud plants using extended ventilation systems was chosen for treatig sewerage water. Forgarbage disposal, the ditch burial method was selected , in compliance with Minstr of Health(DIGESA) regulations.

1 Sewerage water treatment

The two plants wil be located in the Chulec quarer and across the Inca hotel in theSudete quarer, respectively. Both plants wil serve the residential areas along theMantao river ban.

The project includes interception, tranport and collection pipes to car seweragewater to the treatment plant. Pumping stations are required to suit the areatopography.

After receiving biological treatment, the effuents wil be discharged to t.i.e river withan average 40 BOD and 40 ppm of suspended solids.

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. Techncal -economical feasibilty of processin2 zinc ferritesObjetive Elimte liquid effuent and dust contaation and reduce the potential

risks due to seismic events., Cd and Ag recovery from zinc ferrites - 1 242 797 t equivalent to

$ 230,00 MilonImpact Air contaation by dust and Mantaro River contation by liquid

effuent.Soil impact after fInishi residue process.

Mitigation TechnoloS! . c alternativesTechnology Process Investent Treat.

CostUS S Mions US SIt

Res.AUSMELT Submerged Laces

(New process) Cap. Pt: 175 00 tlafoLURGI Waelz 100,

(kown process) Cap. Pt: 60 OOtlafoLixviaci6n presurizada de concentrados

Ths alterntive technology includes replacing pressure leachigconcentrate bed roaster (FBR) and a turbulent bed roaster with directtreatment of the zinc concentrate though pressure leachig (SHERRT).For ths leachig plant to produce 70 00 t. y. of raffmated zinc , there an estimated cost of US $ 40 milon, compared with the cost of a new TLRand its sulfuric acid plant - US $ 52 9 millon.

The leachig pressure technology wil allow the Zileret plant (Oven Kilnof 50 tpd) to be used to process ferrites stored at Huanchan; ths technologywil also have other advantages like:

. Gas SOz emission problem wil be solved , because sulfur wil be fIxedas elemental sulfur even when the market is depressed.

It wil offset the issues involved with tranporting sulfuic acid, as wellas the storage capacity.

Source Consultoras : AUSMELT LIMTED.: BOART LONGYEAR S.

KILBORN. SNC. LAVALIN EUROPE: A. D. ZUNKL CONSULTANTS INC.

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UrSI S(K.-Objectives Execution of work, acquisition and intallation of equipment for the sewagewater treatment and garbage disposal of the houses from Centromin Peru

Mantao river contation when dischaging sewage water from houseswithout treatment.Additionally ths river is contated with garbage because there is nomunici allandfill.

Mitigation Intallation of two plants of sewage water treatment, one at Chulec and theother at Sudete to have an effuent of only 30 ppm of DBO and 40 ppm ofsuspended solids.Get a disposal plant with the technology of a muncipal landfil elimtingthe river Mantao contamination.Thee years , from 1999 until 2002

Project No.

Impact

ExecutionPro ram

InvestmentAmountSources

US$3 50 Milions

Consultant: AQUA PLAN INGENIERI SRL

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Located on the right ban of the Mantaro river in the Lavaropa area, ths treatmentplant wil process 12.5 liters per second. It wil cover the Mayupampa, ChupampaTortila and Chulec quarers.

Treatment comprises a two-fold process described below.

Desanding: Sewerage is pumped to a reinorced concrete de sanding canl. differential precipitation, sand falls to the bottom whie organc solids remain insuspension. Organc solids are then crushed.

Ventilation for bacterial digestion of organc matter using aerobic microorgansmsliving in the recycled mud. A concrete pond measuring 12 x 24 x 4 meters and twoventiators 2 HP each wil pump 5.8 lbs of oxygen per hour into the liquid mass.

Decanting: separation of the liquid and solid components taes place in a 16.6 x 3.6 x3 meter reinorced concrete ta over a 4 hour retention period at a maimum suracerate of 30 gal/p2/hour. The ta wil be provided with a mechancal cleang system.

Drying: In two reinorced-concrete dring beds measuring 4 x 10 x 1 meters forspeeded-up fItration dring of mud. The superntat wil be pumped back to theventilation ta.Monitoring: Test are performed at the 6 x 6 meter laboratory to determe daily v uesof BOD pH, dissolved oxygen, volatile solids , and Most Probable Number ofFecal Choliform.

Sudete Plant

The treatment plant located in the recreational area across the Inca Hotel wil treat 18liters per second. It wil cover the Amchay, Hidro, Railway, Hoteles and Sudete

areas.

Processes are simar to those described for the Chulec plant. Physical chaacteristicsare as follows.

Desanding wil be in a reinorced concrete canl 13.60 meter long to be cleaned byhad , and provided with a Parshall flow gauge and a solids crusher.

Ventilation wil be in a trapeze-shaped, reinorced concrete tank of 390 m2 and 4.meter deep. Two ventilators of 3.5 HP each wil pump 6.8 pounds of oxygen per hourto the liquid mass.

Decanting in two twin, reinforced concrete tanks measuring 24 x 3. 8 x 4 meters eachwil last 4 hours with a maximum surface rate of 30 gallons per square foot per hour.

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Each ta wil be provided with its own mechanical mud cleang system. Mud wilbe pumped to the ventilation ta. No dring is required at this plant.

Puping stations

Thee pumping stations are needed because of the area s topography. Two wil belocated in Chulec and one in Sudete.

2 Garbage disposal

A santa landfill solution was retained. The plant wil be located in the Cochabambaquarer over 2.5 hectaes.

Cells

Ditch cells 5 meters across and 3 meters deep of varous lengt wil be lined at thebottom with a geotextile and a Gundle membrane. Garbage wil be depsited in layers

20 to 0.30 meters thck and compacted with a tractor. Afer design height isreached they wil be covered with a 0.40 meter layer of compacted ear. The designincludes exhust chieys as well as drain and treatment of liquid emissions in septicwells.

Complementa works

Parkig, warehouses, check posts, offce space and a perieter fence are alsoincluded.

Equipment

Two compactig garbage trcks with 16 cubic yard capacity.One D4 or D6 caterpilar tractor. One cistern trck equipped with a hose and sprayers.Pup to drain rain water.

4. MITIGATION RESULTS

For the fIrst time ever an environmental santation plan wil be put into practice in La Oroya.It wil ensure the treatment of sewerage water and garbage, and thus contrbute to reducepollution of the Mantao river. The program falls with the basic priciples ofenvironmental protection to guantee sustainble development.

Curently in the detailed engineering stage, the plan has received the attntion of variousgovernent agencies , including the Minstr of the Presidency. The adopted solution is likelyto be included in the comprehensive environmental santation program for La Oroya.

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5. INSTMNT

The sewerage and garbage treatment project wil require investments for the following worksand equipment. Purchase of only two compacting trcks is included.

DESCRIION AMOUN SUB-TOTAL

1.1 Intersection and tranport 42500 425 1.2 Treatment plant

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Chulec 1 100

Sudete 1 100

1.3 Garbage disposal 425 2 625 Sub total 3 050 Contingencies 450 Total

3 500

6. IMLEMENTATION TIMTABLE

Implementing the project wil tae thee (3) years.

YEAR ACTIVTY AMOUN SUB-TOTAL

1998 Intersection and 500 tranporttionMayupampa, ChulecAmachay and HidroGarbage disposal 500 00 00

1999 Chulec treatment plant 1 250 1 250 200 Sudete treatment plant 1 250 1 250

Total 3 500

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0 CLOSUR PLAN

1 Scenery

The scenery is that of a tyical of a high-density industrial zone which should bereverted into a similar condition to the one it had before the initiation of its industrialactivity .

2. Scope

As stipulated in the environmentally related legal regulations , it is necessary to developa Closure Plan for every workig industrial unit. The purpose of the plan is to develop,at the end of operations, an activity program which guarantees the restoration andreclamation of the project area to acceptable levels for futue use.

Accordingly, the La Oroya Metallurgic Complex has developed a closure plan to thelevel of basic engineering with the support of the Candian corporation ADIInterntional Inc.

The Closure Plan is expected to be completed in the long term, and therefore manyprojects to mitigate and moderne processes have been considered in the design of thecurent P AMA. Closure activities , are oriented to improving existing environmentalconditions to regulatory standards. In order to reach these levels , the Closure Plan wilfocus on studying a 55 hectaes area that includes locations and industrial areas of theSmelter as well as those of the Copper and Lead Refmery.

3 Current Situation. The large number of buildings , mechancal, electrical , and control process equipment

as well as the diversity of the metalurgic processes utilized during smelting and refIningoperations of 20 metals (products and sub-products), and the age of the La OroyaMetallurgic Complex have contributed to the pollution of part the site.

The importce of the metallurgic complex in the region s social and economicdevelopment is due to the fact that it is the region s greatest source of employment andforeign currency. It is also importt for its metal production which is exported in greatvolumes all around the world, therefore , its probabilty of closing down is not expectedin the short or medium term.

The metallurgic complex is one of four smelters in the world capable of processingpolymetallc concentrates with a high percentage of impurities. Based on the sizediversity, and complexity of metallurgic operations , the closure plan should consider theeffects of planng and execution actions based not only on purely techncal decisionsbut also economic and political decisions.

4 Objective

Development of basic engineering studies wil allow the closure plan of the metallurgiccomplex to tae place in accordance to the P AMA ' s projections. Components of theclosure plan include: the removal of the existing facilties , elimtion of the sources of

pollution, ground reclamation, and the corresponding remedial work until the arearecovers the characteristics it had before the metallurgic operations.

5 Closure Plan

The closing of the operational processes in the smelter and refmery complexes wilresult in a dramatic decrease of the volume and quantity of released polluting agents.However, its development wil require a detailed plan of the activities which wil beginwith the decision to close the facilty and end with the implementation of areareclamation and post-closure control methods.

This closure plan wil be the most importt planng tool , not only at the end of theoperations, but also in the case of only partial closure. The detailed plang of thevarious phases of closure such as demolition and dismantling, restoration of theenvironmenta quality to acceptable levels, and other phases wil allow the rational useof resources and wil require considerable amounts of time and money.

1 Closure Phases

A master plan that covers every aspect must be designed to implement closure. Suchcoverage range from the exhaustion of the stocks in process to the investigation of thearea following demolition of facilties.

Four main phases have been considered for the design of ths detailed master plan:Detailed plangEstablishment of environmental controlsDismantling and demolition

Area investigation and reclamation

Detailed plang wil provide all the necessar inormtion in the master plan fordismantling, demolition and reclamation of the smelter and refmery areas as well as

assuring the health , security and environmental standards in a process which wil lastfor several years. Detailed inormation on activities for ths phase are ilustrated infigure 6. 1./1.

Environmenta controls can be established before dismatling and demolition worksbegin to reduce the release of non-treated wastes into the environment and to assurethe design of a health and security plan before demolition begin. The main activitiesfor ths phase are shown in figure 6. 112. It should be noted that environmentalcontrols wil continue during the post-closure stage in order to guarantee a successfulclosure , and corrective or maintenace works wil be made if necessar .

The dismantling and demolition phase must be caried out according to the masterplan and bearing in mid the possible reuse of some of the buildings in futueactivities. The main activities of the dismatling and demolition phase are shown infigure 6. 113.

For the research and reclamation phase, only some of the buildings, roads andrailways wil remain, faciltating completion of the activities indicated in figure

114, where ground pollution wil be the most serious issue for reclamation and

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0 EMISSION AN EFFUENT MONITORIG PLAN

1 ObjectiveThe objective of the emission and effuent monitoring plan is to quantify the resultsof the mitigation program, whose aim is to achieve compliance with existingenvironmenta laws.

For Emissions : Minsterial Resolution No. 315-96-EM!V (MaximumPermtted Levels of Elements and Compounds in gaseous emissions comig frommetallurgic activities - Anexes 1 and 3).

For Effuents : Minsterial Resolution No. 011-96-EM!V (MaxumPermtted Levels for metalurgic Liquid Effuents - Anexes 1 and 2).

The monitorig plan includes: a reduction in monitoring points due to themitigation projects as well as adequate systems for sampling and anysis,mechancal , physical and chemical anlyses as well as anyses of solid wastes , andother elements resultig from the operations at the metaurgic complex. Inaddition, the plan considers compilation of relevant inormtion to be reported tothe General Bureau of Environmenta Affairs (DGAA) of the Minstr of Energyand Mines.

2 Monitorig PlanThe emission and effuent monitoring plan wil be caed out with available. andnew resources including:

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Human resourcesInastrcture and!or equipmentProtocolsStations and! or monitoring pointsTraing

1 Human ResourcesThe Monitoring Plan execution at the field , level wil be directed by the ControlTesting Deparent of the Metallurgic Processes Control Bureau at theMetallurgic Operations Central Mangement. Ths execution wil be underdirect supervision of metallurgical engineers.

Inrascte and/or EquipmentThe following is the equipment owned by Centromln Peru S.

1 For EmissionsThe equipment used to measure gaseous emissions from the smelter includessprague pneumtic samplers for manual sampling and vacuum pumps forautomatic sampling. Gas flows are measured with pitot tubes and Dwyerdraft gauges and gas analyses are made with a COSA electronic analyzer andOrsat and Orsat Universal chemical analyzers.

2 For Air QualityTo monitor air quality, two Japanese Kimoto gas (S02) monitors ty 331 Bare used to measure concentrations in ppb.

The monitor fuctions on the priciple of the conductivity phenomenon. TheS02 is oxidized in the reception medium, resultig in electric energymicrocurents (conductivity) which are electronically recorded. The resultingdata can be plotted or printed.

The monitor also detects particulate mattr in J.g/m . The pariculate matteris automatically recorded using a paper tape under controlled movement. Inths capturing device, ambient air is forced though a fIter-band. As the airpasses though the band, it deposits materials which stain the paper. Thsresults in blots of different densities (and colors), depending on the sampledair contents. A(bta) beam device is used to then anlyze the blots. Thedevice provides parcle mass readings tht can be used to determe "airdiriness indices. These samples can also be used to determe specificchemical elements (Le. arsenic) though laboratory anysis.

In addition, there are two Japanese Kioto gas (S02) monitors ty 332 TWcapable of measuring concentrations in ppb and wind direction and speed withautomatic record. Centromin Peru S.A also owns a Japanese Kioto gas(S02) monitor type DKK , capable of measurig concentrations in ppb.

For air quality monitorig, there are four high volume (High-Vol) KIOTOportble samplers. These are used in a rotation at all of the stations tomeasure concentrations of floating pariculate matter or environmental dustaccumulated in a fIter-paper. The monitors are used to obtain weighedmeasurements from the whole sample, as well as anlyses of heavy-metaconcentrations such as lead , cadmum , and arsenic in the samples.

3 For EffuentsMonitors to measure liquid effuent emissions and water quality, include: ORION intrent which measures temperature eC), pH, Eh in millvolt(mV) , a TOA intrent to measure conductivity in uS/cm, a Denverpressure air fiter for separation of total suspended solids (TSS), seven ISCO

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automatic samplers for monitoring stations in areas of high pollution, a Kay-Ray electric-flow meter; an APIN sample container to prevent physical andchemical changes during collection as well as graduated plastic deposits(buckets) for flow measure; a CASIO chronometer, and a one-gallon darkcontainers for sample storage.

4 New Equipment to be PuchasedThe new weather station wil collect data that wil be used in the ISC-mathematical model (Idustrial Source Complex Model, Version-3). Thsmodel , developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), canbe used for emission dispersion simulation.

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With moderned equipment to monitor air quality and gaseous emissions , itwil be possible to obtain real-time inormation regarding concentration ofpollutants in order to tae corrective measures in the operations.

Exig Protocols1 For Emissions and Air Qualty

Air quality and emissions monitoring follows the Air Quality and EmissionMonitoring Protocol of the General Bureau for Environmental Affairs of theMinstr of Energy and Mines..

Stations for air quality and emission monitorig have been establishedfollowing ths protocol. At these stations, weather monitoring is to be caredout, because atmospheric phenomena play an importt and complex role inthe dispersion of polluting agents and the resultat air quality. Data obtainedwith the weather station include atmospheric stabilty, wind direction andspeed, and air temperature.

.. .

The monitoring stations also include wind speed and direction meters , S02anyzers , and high- and low-volume suspended pariculate matter anlyzers.Such equipment is regularly calibrated under an established program. Sulfurdioxide samples, suspended pariculate matter samples , and wind speed anddirection measurements are taen each hour. The following equipment is used in emission monitoring stations: tubesamplers for dust capture, dust-capturing cellulose fiters (caridge tye),humidity suppresser and condenser, gas counter (gasometer), aspirationpump, and an electronic anlytic scale. Pitot tubes (type S), manometers , andthermometers are used for gas flow measurement. Electronic and chemicalanalyzers are used for gas composition determtion. After data is collectedcalculations are made to prepare report. To obtain reliable data there is a

calibration program for ths equipment. Composites of these samples are sentto the lab for analysis.

Finlly, report and pertinent evaluations are prepared for presentation to theMinistr of Energy and Mines.

2 Water QualityThe water quality sampling program follows the Water Quality MonitorigProtocol of the General Bureau for Environmental Affairs of the Minstr ofEnergy and Mines. According to ths protocol , monitoring stations have beenestablished to identify all pollutat sources affecting the receiving body.

The metallurgic complex is a processing intalation and a disposal area formetallurgic by-products and wastes, as well as waste-water discharges(including sewage). Water samples are collected at the complex and areanlyzed for waste quantities and qualities.

These liquid effuents are sampled twice a week for metallurgic evaluation.Likewise, it is necessar to sample the reception boy upstream anddownstream of processing intallations. Parameters measured in watersamples include inorganc parameters and physical parameters (totasuspended solids , temperature, flow, pH, Eh, conductivity; main inorganc-ions: total dissolved solids , cyande , dissolved oxygen, nitrates and sulfates),

inorganc metals (As, Cu, Fe , Pb and Zn), and organc parameters such asfecal and total coliform.

Sampling caried out in waste effuent stream and rivers consist of repeatedsampling for a one month period. Samples are collected twice weekly inclean bottles at room-temperatue with physical inorganc parametersdetermed and duly written down. River sampling is performed bycollecting samples from both river bank, and if there is a bridge anothersample must be taen from the center of the river. All of these samplescollected at a given point along the stream are then combined into a singlesample.

Blan and duplicate samples analyses are cared out to obtain optimal resultsand to maintain quality assurance (QA). Sample blan are also collected tomaintain quality control (QC).

After labeling, the sample composite is put in a container at 4 C, in newdark-colored bottles to prevent chemical changes in the sample. These

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samples are then sent to the laboratory for analysis. Once results areobtained , evaluations comparing these results with data previously collected atthe sampling sites and other monitoring stations.

3 Other MonitoringOther monitoring wil be implemented to evaluate results of mitigation

projects.

4 Stations and/or Monitoring PointsMonitoring points for liquid effuents may undergo changes based on themitigation projects discussed in Chapter 5. For example , according to Diagram

1.1/1 in item 5. , discharge of industral liquid effuents wil be made atonly one location. Competent authorities wil be inormed of these changes insampling points.

The following are the stations and/or monitorig points curently used to controlgaseous emissions both internly and externly:

1 Emissions. With the Smelter: (See Picture 4. 1.1/1 - Chapter N, Table 7.2.4/1

Diagram 7.2.4/2).

Concrete Chiey: 167 5m height. Ths chiey is the main gas emitter(Diagram 7. 4/1)

Iron Chiey; 91m height. Discharges sweep gases from the matte chaelof the reverberation furnce to the environment (Diagram 7.2.4/1).

A" Battery Coke Chiney; 19m height.furnce s combustion gases.

Chiey used to dischage

B" Battery Coke Chiey; 19m height.furnce s combustion gases.

Chiey used to dischage

Ventiation System of Bismuth Buckets for Anodic Wases. Ths systemhas two chieys.

Ventilation System of the Anodic Wases Plant converters. There are theechieys dischaging gases to the environment.

Zinc Toasers Ventilation System. There are eight chieys in ths system.

Outside the Smelter: (See Table 2. 1.4/1 , Diagram 7.2.4/3, Table 7.2.4/1).

. .

Huanchan StationClose to the Cu and Pb slag deposit, 30m from the slag intae , tower' 16, 2kmfrom the central chiey in segment " , road to Huancayo.

This station has a Japanese Kioto gas (S02) monitor ty 332 TW , capableof measuring concentrations in ppb , with automatic recording. The unt alsorecords weather measurements, paricularly wind direction and speed.

The station also has a high volume (Hi-Vol) portble samplerto captue floating pariculate matter or environmenta dust.

Sindicato de Obreros StationLoated in the urban zone (La Oroya Antigu), on the second floor. It' s thenearest plant to the main reference source, only 0.8 Km. from the MainChiey.

It also has a Kioto S02 record unit, tye 331 B. The difference from theprevious one is that ths latter can t tae weather records and high volumes.

Hotel Inca Station

Loated 2 Km. from the reference point on the "Y" segment in the road toCerro de Pasco. Its equipment (a Kioto 331 B monitor) is located on thehotel roof. Samples are performed with a High- Vol non-sedimentedpariculate matter sampler.

Cushurupampa StationOnly 3Km. from the Main Chiey, in the "Y" segment of the road to Lima.It has a 332 TW High-Vol Kioto monitor

Casaracra StationThs is the most distat station. It is located on the fish far of like nae, 10

Km from the central reference in the "Y" segment of the railway track androad to Cerro de Pasco. It has a DDK monitor to measure S02 exclusively.Ths monitor is based on the same principle as Kimoto monitor , but doesngive numerical but rather graphic results which need to be processed extract figures. Ths station perform Hi-Vol sampling.

2 EffuentsDetails about effuents currently monitored can be found in Chapter 4 , Item

, Diagrams 7.2.4/4 , 7.2.4/5 and 7.2.4/6 and Table 7.2.4/2.

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TraingIntegral traing wil be given to the staff caring out sampling andanyses. Likewise , staff wil receive traing regarding operation of newequipment operation and management of new softare.

Traing is aimed at the development of skilled and specialized techncian inenvironmental, techncal , legal and intitutiona relations affairs.

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