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INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMEFOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES (ICCS)

VERSION 1.0

Mar

ch 2

015

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME

Vienna

INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES

VERSION 1.0

MARCH 2015

Copyright © 2015, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

Acknowledgments

The development of the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes was coordinated by the UNODC Research and Trend Analysis Branch (RAB), Division of Policy Analysis and Public Affairs (DPA), under the supervision of Jean-Luc Lemahieu, Director of DPA, Angela Me, Chief of RAB, and Chloé Carpentier, Chief of RAB Statistics and Surveys Section.

Core team Research coordination and report preparation Enrico Bisogno Michael Jandl Jenna Dawson-Faber Lucia Motolinia Carballo Felix Reiterer Atsuki Takahashi Graphic design and layout: Suzanne Kunnen Kristina Kuttnig Editing: Jonathan Gibbons The International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) was developed using the “Principles and framework for an international classification of crimes for statistical purposes” produced by the UNECE-UNODC Joint Task Force on Crime Classification and endorsed by the Conference of European Statisticians in 2012. The ICCS was produced on the basis of the plan to finalize by 2015 an international classification of crime for statistical purposes, as approved by the Statistical Commission in its decision 44/110 and by the Economic and Social Council in its resolution 2013/37.

Gratitude is expressed to all Member States, international organizations and individual experts who contributed to the development of the ICCS. The continuous support of the UNODC-INEGI Center of Excellence on Statistics on Governance, Public Safety, Victimization and Justice is gratefully acknowledged, as is the contribution of Steven Malby who developed the initial concept of the classification. UNODC would also like to thank the United Nations Statistics Division and the members of its Expert Group on International Statistical Classifications for their valuable comments and contributions during the peer-review process.

This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. Suggested citation: UNODC, International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes, Version 1.0 Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Statistics and Surveys Section Research and Trend Analysis Branch Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime P.O. Box 500 1400 Vienna Austria E-mail: iccs@unodc.org Tel.: (+43) 1 26060 0 Disclaimer

The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, Member States or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any endorsement. This document has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © United Nations, March 2015. All rights reserved, worldwide. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issue. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE – INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 7

I. OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 The nature and purpose of the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes .............................. 7 The need for an international classification of crime ............................................................................................ 7 The challenge of developing an international classification of crime for a nationally defined event ................... 8 The process of building the international classification of crime .......................................................................... 9

II. PRINCIPLES USED IN THE ICCS ................................................................................................................................ 11 The definition of crime for the purposes of the ICCS ........................................................................................... 11 The unit of classification of the ICCS ................................................................................................................... 11 The application of the principles of statistical classification ............................................................................... 12 The criteria used to build the ICCS ...................................................................................................................... 13 Disaggregating variables as additional descriptors of criminal offences ........................................................... 15 Intentional homicide as a special case ................................................................................................................ 17

III. APPLICATION OF THE ICCS .................................................................................................................................... 19 Classifying offences for the purpose of the ICCS ................................................................................................. 19 The use of legal inclusions and exclusions in the ICCS ......................................................................................... 20 Additional disaggregating variables ................................................................................................................... 20 The relationship to other international classifications ........................................................................................ 22

PART TWO – BROAD AND DETAILED STRUCTURE ................................................................................................ 23

ANNEX 1: DATA COMPARABILITY, REPORTING RATES AND COUNTING RULES ........................................................................... 105 Defining and classifying crime .......................................................................................................................... 105 Reporting and detecting crime ......................................................................................................................... 105 Recording and counting crime .......................................................................................................................... 105

ANNEX 2 .................................................................................................................................................................. 107

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Part One – Introduction

I. Overview

The nature and purpose of the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes

The International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) is a classification of criminal offences which is based on internationally agreed concepts, definitions and principles in order to enhance the consistency and international comparability of crime statistics, and improve analytical capabilities at both the national and international levels.1

The ICCS provides a framework for the systematic production and comparison of statistical data across different criminal justice institutions and jurisdictions. This means that the ICCS is applicable to all forms of crime data, whatever the stage of the criminal justice process (police, prosecution, conviction, imprisonment) at which they are collected, as well as to data collected in crime victimization surveys.

At the international level, the ICCS improves the comparability of crime data between countries. Standardized concepts and definitions allow for the systematic collection, analysis and dissemination of data, and also respond to the demand for in-depth research and analysis of transnational crime. At the national level, the ICCS can be used as a model to provide structure and organize statistical data that are often produced according to legal rather than analytical categories. Moreover, the ICCS can harmonize data across domestic criminal justice institutions (police, prosecutions, courts, prisons) and across different data sources (administrative records and statistical surveys).2 Likewise, the ICCS can be used as a tool to standardize data from sub-national entities that may have different statistical systems or legal frameworks.

The need for an international classification of crime

Reliable crime statistics are critical for measuring changes in crime levels, monitoring state responses to crime, evaluating policies and understanding the various facets of crime in different contexts. Often, raw data from different stages of the criminal justice process are available, but the purposeful collection and organization of these data into statistical form is required to produce valuable information for use in decision-making. The comparison of crime statistics across time, between countries or with other available statistics is particularly difficult due to the lack of standardized concepts and the absence of an internationally agreed statistical framework to make such comparisons possible.3

1 The terms “crime” and “criminal offence” are used interchangeably in this document. 2 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Report of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on a road map to improve the quality and availability of crime statistics at the national and international levels (19 December 2012). E/CN.3/2013/11. 3 Other factors affecting the comparability of crime statistics refer to the fact that only a varying proportion of criminal offences are reported and recorded by public authorities and to the use of different practices to produce statistical counts of crimes. For a review see Annex 1 (see also: United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Report of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico on crime statistics. E/CN.3/2012/3).

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To illustrate, various data sources, often within the same jurisdiction, use different definitions and concepts to organize crime data which are often based on legal rather than statistical principles.4 This close and intertwined relationship between legislation and statistics creates problems from an analytical perspective: statistical data are often organized and categorized according to legal provisions, such as articles in legal or penal codes, which are not always relevant from an analytical standpoint. Furthermore, comparability across time and jurisdictions can be hampered by changes in legislation and, for example, by the fact that the same act can be criminalized under very different legal provisions in different countries, or may be considered a criminal offence in one country but not in another.

The ICCS addresses these issues by providing a methodological and statistical standard and a common definitional framework to improve data quality and comparability. Offences are grouped in a meaningful and systematic way, resulting in an improvement in the capability to produce, disseminate and analyse crime data accurately in order to inform the public and tailor policies and programmes in the areas of crime prevention, rule of law and criminal justice reform.

The challenge of developing an international classification of crime for a nationally defined event

Currently, national statistics on crime refer to criminal offences as defined by each country’s criminal law system. Without legal harmonization, differences in the definition of offences are inevitable and international comparison must always be placed in the context of these differences. For example, one country may require physical contact for an offence to be considered an assault, while another country may not.

In order to overcome such challenges, the approach used by the ICCS is to consider “criminal” acts in national and international laws as the universe of acts that are subject to classification within the ICCS. However, the specific classification of such acts (i.e. their allocation to analytical categories) is based on behavioural descriptions rather than strictly legal specifications derived from criminal laws. Crimes as defined in criminal law are typically associated with actions or behavioural and contextual attributes that are universally considered to be an offence (for example, wounding or injuring, or taking property without consent). This event-based approach avoids issues created by legal complexities, resulting in a simplified and globally applicable classification.

It is important to note that the ICCS uses specific terms, such as “rape”, “harassment” or “burglary”, which are widely recognized and defined in criminal legislation. These terms are given a specific description in the ICCS, which is intended to be used for statistical purposes. The adoption of the ICCS at the national level will require the attentive translation of offences as defined by national legislation into ICCS categories, with careful consideration of the full act/event descriptions and explanatory notes.

4 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Conference of European Statisticians. Report of the UNODC/UNECE Task Force on Crime Classification to the Conference of European Statisticians. 2011. Available: www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Report_crime_classification_2012.pdf>.

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The process of building the international classification of crime

The Social Commission of the United Nations first highlighted the importance of preparing a standard classification of offences in 1951.5 However, successive endeavours to develop such an international crime classification were fraught with challenges due to disparities in definitions, national legislations and reporting systems.

Concrete steps to overcome such limitations were made in 2009 when the Conference of European Statisticians established a Task Force, led by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), to develop a crime classification framework based on behavioural descriptions rather than legal codes.6 The framework of the first international crime classification was developed by the Task Force and approved by the Conference of European Statisticians at the 60th plenary session in June 2012.7

The proposal to develop a full international crime classification was discussed at the 43rd session of the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC)8 and the 21st session of the United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ).9 At the next session of both UNSC and CCPCJ, both Commissions approved the plan to develop an international classification of crime for statistical purposes,10 in consultation with statisticians and experts from national statistical offices, other national government institutions and regional and international organizations.

Three consultation meetings were held between 2012 and 2014, and two large-scale testing exercises of successive versions of the ICCS were also undertaken in the same period.11 Both testing exercises confirmed the feasibility of developing and implementing the ICCS, with a view to gradually applying it to statistics produced at the national level. A final draft version of the ICCS was sent to Member States

5 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Social Commission. Criminal Statistics: Recommendations of the Secretary-General (8 January 1951). E/CN.5/233. 6 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Terms of Reference of UNECE/UNODC Task Force on Crime Classification (16 October 2009). ECE/CES/BUR/209/OCT/2012. 7 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Conference of European Statisticians. Report of the UNODC/UNECE Task Force on Crime Classification to the Conference of European Statisticians. 2011. Available:www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Report_crime_classification_2012.pdf>. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Conference of European Statisticians. Report of the Conference of European Statisticians Sixtieth plenary session (6-8 June 2012). ECE/CES/83. 8 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Report of the forty-third session (28 February-2 March 2012). E/2012/24, E/CN.3/2012/34. 9 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Report of the twenty-first session (13 December 2011 and 23-27 April 2012). E/2012/30, E/CN.15/2012/24. 10 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Report of the twenty-second session (7 December 2011 and 22-26 April 2013). E/2013/30, E/CN.15/2013/27. United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Report of the forty-fourth session (26 February-1 March 2013). E/2013/24, E/CN.3/2013/33. 11 The first consultation meeting was held in October 2012 in Mexico City and was attended by representatives from 13 countries in the Americas, Asia and Europe, as well as representatives from international organizations. Among other issues, the meeting analysed the results of a first testing of the draft classification framework among 16 volunteer countries. The second consultation meeting took place in February 2013 in Vienna and was attended by representatives from 18 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe, as well as representatives from international organizations and research institutes. The third and final consultation meeting in the form of an Expert Group Meeting held in Vienna in May 2014 was attended by representatives from 31 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe, and representatives from international organizations and research institutes. This meeting reviewed an advanced version of the ICCS that was informed in turn by the results of a second comprehensive testing exercise, which took place in 2014 with the participation of 41 volunteer countries (of which 6 were from Africa, 7 from Asia, 7 from the Americas, 19 from Europe and 2 from Oceania). The complete documentation of the process followed in the development of the ICCS is available at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/statistics/iccs.html.

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and other relevant organizations by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Statistical Division in August 2014.12

At its 46th session in March 2015 the United Nations Statistical Commission endorsed the ICCS as an international statistical standard for data collection, both from administrative records and survey generated data, and as an analytical tool to elicit unique information on crime drivers and factors. The SC also confirmed UNODC as the custodian of the ICCS and endorsed the implementation plan for the classification at national, regional and international levels, including the creation of a technical advisory group to provide substantive advice and support to the maintenance of the ICCS. 13

Developed with the active participation and collaboration of experts from several countries, who participated in the expert group meetings and testing exercises and provided inputs and comments, the present version of the ICCS is the result of extensive consultations and collaboration between national statistical offices, other national government institutions, regional and international organizations, including UNODC, the UNODC-INEGI Center of Excellence (COE) on Statistics on Governance, Public Safety, Victimization and Justice, the World Health Organisation (WHO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Eurostat, the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) and the Organisation of American States (OAS). Furthermore, the ICCS has been reviewed by the Expert Group on International Statistical Classifications, the central coordinating body of the work on international classifications established by the United Nations Statistical Commission.

12 Final comments were received from 44 Member States (2 from Africa, 9 from the Americas, 13 from Asia, 19 from Europe and 1 from Oceania) and 6 international organizations and addressed in the final review of the classification. 13 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Draft report of the forty-sixth session (3 - 6 March 2015).

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II. Principles used in the ICCS

The definition of crime for the purposes of the ICCS

While certain common elements, such as “harm” and “wrongfulness”, can be associated with crime, they cannot wholly and operationally define it. Moreover, the vast disparity in approaches and sources used in the establishment of criminal laws by different countries makes it impossible to create a consistent and comprehensive definition of crime. The common denominator of what constitutes a “crime” is that it consists of behaviours which are defined as criminal offences and are punishable as such by law. The offences defined as criminal are established by each country’s legal system and the codification of crimes (criminal code, penal code, etc.).

As a result, “crime” is considered by the ICCS to be the punishable contravention or violation of the limits on human behaviour as imposed by national criminal legislation. Each criminal offence has a perpetrator — person, corporation or institution — which is liable for the criminal behaviour in question.

The unit of classification of the ICCS

The unit of classification14 of the ICCS is the act that constitutes a criminal offence. The description of the criminal offence is provided in terms of the behaviour shown by the perpetrator(s) of a crime. The apparent behaviour is in most cases sufficient to define an offence for the purposes of the ICCS, while in some cases additional elements need to be taken into account, such as the intentionality (state of mind) of the perpetrator or the condition/status of the victim (for example, whether he/she is a minor); in other cases, a crime is defined by a sequence of behaviours, as in the case of trafficking in persons, for example.15

Defining and classifying the type of crime event is the primary focus of the classification, which aims to assign all criminal offences to categories on the basis of a number of criteria (see section: “The criteria used to build the ICCS”). The ICCS also provides for a number of additional attributes of the crime event, which, though not determinant of the nature of the crime, are very important additions that provide analytical insight to statistical data on crime, such as selected characteristics of victims or perpetrators (see section: “Disaggregating variables as additional descriptors of criminal offences”).

Besides classifying criminal offences, the ICCS can also be used in relation to other events or conditions related to the criminal justice process, such as arrests, prosecutions, convictions and prison sentences, as well as persons involved as perpetrators or victims. If consistently used by all relevant data sources, the ICCS can measure the flows and links between the different stages of the criminal justice system. For example, if the ICCS is applied at all stages of the criminal justice process, links can be made between data on a given offence (whether from administrative data or from victimization surveys), the number of arrests for the same type of offence and, in sequence, on prosecutions, convictions and on persons in prison for the same type of offence.

14 The classification unit is the basic unit to be classified in the classification (e.g. in an activity classification this would be the establishment or enterprise, in an occupational classification it would be the job). Source: United Nations. Statistical Division. UN Glossary of Classification Terms. "Classification Unit". Web: <http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/family/glossary_short.asp>. 15 United Nations. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. 2000. Doc. A/55/383, A/RES/55/25.

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The application of the principles of statistical classification

The ICCS is based on established statistical practices and principles. By definition, a statistical classification is: “A set of discrete, exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories which can be assigned to one or more variables used in the collection and presentation of data, and which describe the characteristics of a particular population”.16 Particular care has been taken that the following core characteristics of an international statistical classification have been implemented in the ICCS:

Mutual exclusivity: every elementary manifestation of the phenomenon under study should be assigned to one and only one category of the classification such that there are no overlaps

Application of the principle of mutual exclusivity: the ICCS can be used to classify every offence into one and only one category of the classification with no overlaps. The description of each category clearly defines the respective event/behaviour with additional guidance provided by legal inclusions and exclusions (examples of criminal offences in national legislation that are respectively included in, or excluded from, that category), which will further clarify the boundaries of each category.

The use of additional crime disaggregations or “tags” (explained in more detail below) provides a method to deal with cases that could be attributed to one offence or another. For example, a fraud offence perpetrated through the use of a computer is classified as a fraud with a cybercrime-related tag. Similarly, a trafficking in persons offence perpetrated by an organized criminal group is classified as trafficking in persons with an organized crime tag.

Exhaustiveness: every possible manifestation of the phenomenon under study should be included in the classification

Application of the principle of exhaustiveness: while the ICCS aims to cover every manifestation of crime, it is clear that this principle needs to be adopted with due consideration as to what is feasible. The sheer number of acts criminalized in statutes, regulatory provisions and judicial decisions in any given country, as well as continuous legislative changes, hamper any attempt to build a comprehensive listing of all criminal offences that exist globally. A realistic goal for the classification is thus to capture acts or events generally known to constitute criminal offences in a sufficient number of countries, at a certain level of detail, determined by carefully balancing the classification for practicality and policy-relevance at an international level. In addition, the ICCS does not include classification categories for events that generally constitute administrative offences (such as minor traffic violations).

As such, the ICCS also includes some events or behaviours that are criminalized in some countries while being legal in others. In a small number of cases, the criminalization of certain acts has been held to contravene international human rights law.17 In such cases, it is important to note that the ICCS should not be viewed as supporting or legitimizing the criminalization of any offence presented within the classification, but be taken as a statistical standard that attempts to provide realistic, global coverage of every manifestation of crime for statistical purposes.

16 Andrew Hancock, Best Practice Guidelines for Developing International Statistical Classifications. United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs. Statistical Division. ESA/STAT/AC.267/5 of 6 May 2013. Available at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/intercop/expertgroup/2013/AC267-5.PDF. 17 See, for example, Concluding observations of the UN Human Rights Committee: CCPR/CO/79/LKA (abortion); [CCPR/C/SDN/CO/3 (apostasy); CCPR/C/UZB/CO/3 (proselytism)]; CCPR/C/PHL/CO/4 (libel and defamation).

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Statistical feasibility: it is possible to effectively, accurately and consistently distinguish between the categories in the classification on the basis of the information available

Application of the principle of statistical feasibility: the statistical feasibility of a statistical classification means that observations can be allocated to categories in the classification on the basis of the information available; for example, on the basis of responses to questions that can be reasonably asked in statistical surveys or on administrative forms.18 The ICCS supports this by carefully defining the criminal act on the basis of behavioural descriptions, supplemented with examples of legal inclusions and exclusions for each category.

Statistical feasibility was tested on the basis of existing data collections of a significant number of countries which participated in testing subsequent draft versions of the ICCS by allocating data on criminal offences to the categories of the classification (see section: “The process of building the international classification of crime”).

The criteria used to build the ICCS

Criminal offences can be seen, and classified, from a multitude of angles: their impact on victims, the way they have been perpetrated, the offender’s motive and the seriousness of the offence, to name but a few. In building the classification, priority has been given to criteria which are particularly relevant from a policy perspective: the ICCS categories, and the data produced accordingly, should provide information that can be easily understood and used when developing crime prevention and criminal justice policies. For example, data organized along the lines of the ICCS should provide answers to questions on trends and comparisons regarding acquisitive crime, or crime of a sexual nature, or on more complex constructs such as financial crime or offences committed by organized criminal groups. A number of criteria have been used to build the hierarchical structure of the ICCS, in the attempt to build categories that can respond to a variety of information needs. In particular, the following criteria have been used to form categories of the ICCS:

policy area of the act/event (protection of property rights, protection of health, etc.)

target of the act/event (e.g. person, object, natural environment, State, etc.)

seriousness of the act/event (e.g. acts leading to death, acts causing harm, etc.)

means by which the act/event is perpetrated (e.g. by violence, threat of violence, etc.).

Based on these criteria,19 criminal offences can be grouped in homogenous categories, which are aggregated at four different hierarchical levels: Levels 1, 2, 3 and 4.20 There are 11 Level 1 categories designed to cover all acts or events that constitute a crime within the scope of the ICCS. Criminal offences at Levels 2, 3 and 4 can be summed to provide observations at more aggregated levels, while observations at higher levels can be subdivided into lower-level categories.21

18 See, Andrea Hancock, op. cit, p.9. 19 The four criteria are applied on the basis of the policy-relevance of particular groupings without an overall priority of one over the other. 20 As specific nomenclature, Level 1 may also be referred to as Sections, Level 2 as Divisions, Level 3 as Groups and Level 4 as Classes. 21 United Nations. Statistical Division. UN Glossary of Classification Terms. "Group". Available at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/family/glossary_short.asp. For reasons of clarity and space, categories at the higher levels that are not further disaggregated are not repeated at the lower levels.

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Criminal offences can be identified at the level of detail that is of interest. The ICCS has also been designed with a view to being a flexible tool to create “meta-categories”. If needed, categories can be aggregated across categories at different levels. For example, Level 1 category “Acts against property involving violence or threat against a person” can be aggregated with Level 1 category “Acts against property only” to form a new meta-category “Acts against property”.

The numerical coding of the categories is in accordance with their level in the classification: Level 1 categories are the broadest categories and have a two-digit code (e.g. 01); Level 2 categories have a four-digit code (e.g. 0101); Level 3 categories have a five-digit code (e.g. 01011); and Level 4 categories, the most detailed level, have a six-digit code (e.g. 010111).

LEVEL 1 CATEGORIES

1 Acts leading to death or intending to cause death

2 Acts leading to harm or intending to cause harm to the person

3 Injurious acts of a sexual nature

4 Acts against property involving violence or threat against a person

5 Acts against property only

6 Acts involving controlled psychoactive substances or other drugs

7 Acts involving fraud, deception or corruption

8 Acts against public order, authority and provisions of the State

9 Acts against public safety and state security

10 Acts against the natural environment

11 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified

In particular, the 11 categories in Level 1 have been chosen based on all the four criteria above, as well as by giving due attention to categories often used in national data, on the grounds of facilitating the practical implementation of the ICCS. The same criteria are used to identify categories at Levels 2, 3 and 4. For example, based on the target of an act/event, sexual exploitation is disaggregated into sexual exploitation of adults and sexual exploitation of children. Sexual exploitation of children is further disaggregated into four Level 4 categories based on policy relevance: child pornography; child prostitution; sexual grooming of children; and other sexual exploitation of children.

The categories in Levels 1, 2 and 3 of the ICCS are intended to be complete and to encompass every possible criminal offence. However, not all Level 2 and 3 categories are further divided into Level 4 categories since the latter are not always necessary to identify policy-relevant offences.

All categories at each level of the classification are described in detailed terms. Each offence has an act- or event-based description, which is the core set of actions, behavioural and contextual attributes that define the offence. Descriptions are accompanied by legal inclusions and exclusions to identify the most common or important criminal offences included in, or excluded from, the category. For example, the ICCS defines negligence through the core behavioural actions: the failure to exercise the care towards others which a reasonable or prudent person would exert under the circumstances; or taking action that a

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reasonable person would not take. Furthermore, negligence in situations of persons under care is defined with the addition of contextual attributes — in this case, the victim — as behavioural attributes alone cannot define acts that are criminalized separately (often with a higher penalty) due to the specific vulnerability of the target of the act, rather than the overall behaviour itself.

Disaggregating variables as additional descriptors of criminal offences

The categories of the ICCS capture and describe the nature of criminal offences, but a number of other characteristics are also essential to enable the full identification of policy-relevant patterns and trends in crime and to conduct comprehensive and detailed analyses. For example, when producing statistics on intentional homicide, additional value is provided if data can be disaggregated by the characteristics of the victims and the perpetrators, by the use of firearms or by motives for killings. To this end, additional disaggregating variables (also called “tags”) that enable the coding of additional information about an offence are provided, which helps to enrich the analysis with specific event, victim and perpetrator characteristics related to any particular crime.

In the current practice of national crime recording systems, the number, structure and application of such additional disaggregating variables to datasets on crime and criminal justice statistics vary greatly, and are often determined by factors such as specific policy needs; recording and processing capacities at the local, regional and national levels of data collection; the level of development and sophistication of the national crime statistics system; and the degree of automation and digitalization of data collection. In particular, the last of these criteria (i.e. whether it is a paper or a computer-based system) determines if a national crime statistics system can support a comprehensive structure of disaggregating variables.

In systems where data collection, transmission and aggregation are automated through electronic data capture, storage, transfer and compilation, it is more likely that data are organized in a way which allows for the capture and retrieval of every possible detail. For example, all relevant details of a criminal offence, such as the characteristics of the perpetrator and victim, can be captured and stored electronically in a unit record. Multiple types of statistical outputs can then be obtained, for example, by disaggregating data on individual offences by selected disaggregating variables (for example, corruption offences by economic sector or trafficking in persons by citizenship of the victims) or by using disaggregating variables in combination with several crime categories (for example, by considering the sex and age of victims of all “violent offences” or the geographical location of all “property crimes”).

The system of disaggregating variables is thus an additional tool for use in a comprehensive system of crime and criminal justice statistics, the realization of which relies heavily on the existence of an automated data collection system.

A large number of event, victim and perpetrator characteristics could theoretically be of interest in different parts of the world. For practical reasons, not all possible disaggregations can be mentioned in the ICCS.22 Nevertheless, in cases where a system of disaggregating variables is implemented or is planned to be implemented in the future, it is beneficial to apply a harmonized set of basic policy-relevant characteristics of crimes, perpetrators and victims for analytical and comparative purposes. For example, using the same disaggregations for data on the victim-perpetrator relationship (such as current intimate 22 Many theoretically feasible disaggregations are of interest in specific socio-cultural contexts only or are highly idiosyncratic as to their possible specifications, such as race, ethnicity, caste, religion and other characteristics of victims and perpetrators.

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partner/spouse, former intimate partner/spouse, blood relative, etc.) would greatly assist the cross-national analysis of patterns and trends in violent crime and its enabling and mitigating factors. Based on their policy relevance, the supplementary table to the ICCS indicates that the following minimum set of disaggregating variables should be applied to criminal offences where relevant:

event descriptions: degree of completion, type of weapon used, situational context, geographical location, date and time, type of location, motive, cybercrime-related, reporting entity;

victim descriptions: sex, age, age status, citizenship, legal status, economic sector (of victimized businesses), intoxication status;

perpetrator descriptions: sex, age, age status, victim-perpetrator relationship, citizenship, legal status, intoxication status, repeat offender.

The proposed system of disaggregating variables can be implemented by national crime recording institutions in a number of different ways. A comprehensive statistical solution would integrate at least the minimum set of disaggregating variables in the template used for (electronic) unit records of any type of crime, thus allowing a full analysis of any offence, perpetrator or victim by any relevant combination of disaggregating variable required.23 A more limited option, for example, would be the collection of only certain perpetrator or victim characteristics for all crimes (separate counts for juvenile perpetrators, for example) while an interim option would be the collection of an expanded number of event, perpetrator and victim characteristics on a few core crimes only (such as homicide, robbery or trafficking in persons).

Given the specific value of data on intentional homicide, due to the gravity of the crime and its impact on the wider community, additional disaggregating variables which provide a higher level of detail about the situational context, social relationships and killing mechanism are necessary to describe this offence (see below).

For any available dataset, further data descriptors should be made available to facilitate the interpretation of statistical data. While most of the crimes, and their statistical reporting, refer to offences actually committed by one or more direct perpetrators (whether known or not), data can also include cases of threats to commit a certain crime or when the offence consisted of planning or assisting others to commit it. It is therefore important that information be provided about whether available data on criminal offences (and perpetrators) include or exclude the following behaviours in the counts for the categories:

threats to commit the crime

aiding/abetting/accessory to the crime

accomplice to the crime

conspiracy/planning the crime

incitement to commit the crime.

This information should ideally be captured and stored for every criminal offence to indicate whether the recorded event refers to a threat, a case of aiding/abetting/accessory to the crime or any other typology in the list above. In such cases, the desired statistical outputs can be produced by either including or

23 Not all “‘tags”’ are applicable to all crime types (e.g. “attempted” does not apply to negligent homicide; “type of weapon used” or “motive” do not apply to theft or fraud; and “age of victim” does not apply to illegal logging). Consequently, only a certain part of the resulting combinations will be sensible and policy-relevant.

17

excluding such events from the aggregate counts. Alternatively, the information on the inclusion of such cases can be provided at an aggregated level of crime categories, in the form of meta-data.

Intentional homicide as a special case

The study of intentional homicide is relevant not only because of the gravity of the offence, but also because intentional homicide is one of the most measurable and comparable indicators for monitoring violent deaths and is often considered both a proxy for violent crime as well as an indicator of levels of security within countries. According to the ICCS, intentional homicide is “unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury.” Such a definition provides clear guidance for the determination of whether a specific act of killing is to be considered intentional homicide for the purpose of producing statistics.

However, in some cases, contextual circumstances also have to be taken into account when determining whether, for statistical purposes, certain killings have to be included in the count of homicides. This occurs for killings during situations of collective violence — such as during armed conflicts, or in situations of civil unrest — where it is important to distinguish between different types of killings, as the context can determine if and how such acts should be coded in the ICCS. Although producing statistical data in such situations can be very challenging, it is nonetheless important to provide guidance on which killings should be considered within the ICCS and about how to classify them for the purpose of producing internationally consistent statistics on homicide.

Killings during civil unrest

Killings during civil unrest are those which occur during a situation of violent hostilities between two or more parties that does not amount to an internal armed conflict,24 and may include riots or other sporadic acts of violence linked to strikes or protests/demonstrations that turn violent. As these situations do not usually amount to internal armed conflict, and thus are not to be considered within the legal framework in force during conflicts, each violent death that occurs during a situation of civil unrest should be classified according to the same standards applicable to intentional homicide. This means that each killing needs to be examined and attributed to the applicable type according to the factual circumstances, based on whether, for example, the killing was unlawful and intentional. When such killings are classified as intentional homicides in the ICCS, there is the option to use the disaggregating variable tag for intentional homicides, “Situational Context — Related to civil unrest”, which allows for the statistical identification of the situational context in which killings of this nature take place (see Table: III ).

Killings during armed conflict

International humanitarian law distinguishes between two types of armed conflict:25 (1) international armed conflicts, which exist wherever there is a resort to armed force between States;26 and (2) non-international armed conflicts (or internal armed conflict), which occur whenever there is protracted armed

24 See section “Killings during armed conflict” for definitions of armed conflict. 25 See also D. Schindler, “The Different Types of Armed Conflicts According to the Geneva Conventions and Protocols”. RCADI Vol. 163, 1979-II, p. 147, and ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Fatmir Limaj, Judgement, IT-03-66-T, 30 November 2005, paras. 94-134. 26 Common article 2 of the Geneva Conventions.

18

violence between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups within a State.27

While the first type of conflict is largely related to armed actions perpetrated by the military forces of States, non-international armed conflicts are more difficult to define and identify. In particular, in the continuum of situations of collective violence within a country, it is important to distinguish situations of civil unrest from those of internal armed conflict. The elements that determine the difference are the threshold of intensity of hostilities (whether hostilities are of a collective character, or whether the Government uses military force rather than police force against insurgents), and the degree of organization of the group (whether the armed group is sufficiently organized, with a command structure, headquarters and the ability to plan and carry out military operations). In situations of armed conflict, the following types of killings should be classified within the ICCS:

in situations of armed conflict, any targeted or excessive killing by a combatant (acting in association with or in the context of the conflict) of a civilian taking no active part in the hostilities can be recorded as a war crime in 11013 (Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified; Acts under universal jurisdiction; War crimes);

in situations of armed conflict, the killing of combatants by other combatants which is in breach of international humanitarian law can also be coded to 11013; for example, wilful killing of parties to the conflict that are hors de combat;28

a killing perpetrated by a combatant which is not directly in association with the armed conflict, or by a civilian taking no active part in hostilities in a situation of armed conflict should not be considered as associated with the conflict, and should be analysed as any other killing, irrespective of the conflict situation, and classified into the existing typologies of violent death according to the standard definitions;

killing by a combatant which is considered a criminal offence in the national legislation (and is prosecuted as such) but does not amount to a war crime, should be classified under 0107 (Unlawful killing associated with armed conflict).

These standards can be very challenging to apply when there is a lack of operational capabilities to measure and identify different killings, and, indeed, in situations of collective violence a large share of killings may remain unreported. However, in the case of killings that are recorded, establishing strict boundaries for this ambiguous field will help to distinguish intentional homicide from other killings and increase data quality and comparability around the world.

Additional disaggregations of intentional homicide

Once it has been established whether a particular act of killing is to be classified and counted as an intentional homicide, there is often a need for more detailed quantitative information on the social contexts and mechanisms of intentional homicide that can help to design better evidence-based policies for preventing and responding to this particular type of crime. For comparative and analytical purposes, three classification criteria are particularly relevant for the characterization of intentional homicide and

27 Common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions. 28 International Humanitarian Law prohibits wilful killing of parties to the conflict that are hors de combat, as well as treacherous killing of parties to the conflict. Geneva Conventions (1947).

19

can be used to define it in more detail.29 These three criteria (Situational context; Relationship between victim and perpetrator; and Mechanism of killing) have been used to build three additional disaggregation tables that are applicable for intentional homicide only (see Tables III, IV and V).

III. Application of the ICCS

Classifying offences for the purpose of the ICCS

To implement the ICCS it is necessary to properly allocate any given offence to one of the ICCS categories. This requires knowledge of the ICCS structure before attempting to classify offences. As previously mentioned, the ICCS is a hierarchical classification and the first step is to identify which Level 1 category is the most relevant to the particular offence in question. To allow easy reference to the appropriate category, each Level 1 category is defined by the broad actions, attributes or events that it encompasses. For example, all acts leading to death or intending to cause death are classified under Level 1 category 01.30 Similarly, all injurious acts of a sexual nature are classified under Level 1 category 03.

It is then necessary to classify an offence into a Level 2, 3 or 4 category. This can be done by identifying the shorthand name in criminal legislation, such as rape, consulting the act/event-based definitions, and following guidance from the legal inclusions and exclusions. Guidance from all elements of the ICCS is necessary to classify an offence correctly. The use of shorthand names alone is insufficient as the meaning and definition of shorthand terms may be different from those used in national legal systems and may even vary between jurisdictions within countries.31

There are residual categories represented by the word “other” in the category name (i.e. other acts of fraud) for cases in which an offence cannot be classified in an established category. Offences should be classified into these residual categories as sparingly as possible and only upon a thorough review of the full classification to ensure that a category is not overlooked.

The implementation of the ICCS at the national level will be a gradual process, which will require attentive mapping of national criminal offences into the ICCS framework. National correspondence tables between the ICCS and national crime classifications will facilitate ICCS implementation at the country level. To support the process, UNODC will develop additional tools and supporting documents, including an implementation manual to facilitate the mapping of national crime data into the ICCS structure. The planned implementation manual will consist of different volumes to address the mapping of national administrative crime statistics systems into the ICCS; the mapping of victimization survey data into the ICCS; and the counting of rules and coding issues.

29 In addition to (completed) intentional homicide, these additional classification criteria can be equally applied to attempted intentional homicide. 30 With the exception of crimes classified as war crimes, genocide or crimes against humanity classified under Level 1 category 11 Acts under universal jurisdiction. 31 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Conference of European Statisticians. Report of the UNODC/UNECE Task Force on Crime Classification to the Conference of European Statisticians. 2011. Available at: www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Report_crime_classification_2012.pdf.

20

The use of legal inclusions and exclusions in the ICCS

Inclusions

Each category has a list of inclusions or examples of offences or acts/events to be classified in that category. These are not sub-categories but common offences belonging to the respective category listed, with the aim of providing practical guidance in the allocation of offences and of distinguishing the boundary between one category and another.32 For example, the inclusions under Trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora (1003) stipulate that trafficking in wildlife and unlawful trade or possession of wildlife are some of the offences that belong to this category. Inclusions are not exhaustive and the list of inclusions can be further expanded in the future.

Exclusions

Most categories also have a list of exclusions or examples of offences or acts/elements that are classified elsewhere despite similarities to the category in question. Following each excluded offence is the code referring to the category to which the excluded offence should be allocated.33 For example, the exclusions under Trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora (1003) stipulate that theft of a pet is coded to 0502; offences against the treatment, raising or keeping of animals is coded to 10091; robbery of livestock is coded to 04014; and theft of livestock is coded to 05025.

Together, exclusions and inclusions assist in reinforcing mutual exclusiveness. They clarify boundaries between categories to ensure acts/events can be assigned to one category only.

Additional disaggregating variables

Disaggregating variables allow the recording of additional information about an offence that is necessary to understand the complexities of each individual offence, such as victim and perpetrator characteristics. Table A provides an overview of the minimum set of disaggregating variables that can be used to describe each individual crime act/event more fully or to describe perpetrator and victim attributes in more depth. The acronyms in front of each category title provide a shorthand description for coding these variables in crime records.

Most disaggregating variables (“tags”) will provide useful breakdowns only in relation to certain criminal offences. For example, the attempted/completed tag (At) does not apply to 0101 “intentional homicide” (as only completed intentional homicides are counted), nor to 0102 attempted homicide (as only attempted homicides are counted here), nor to 0103 non-intentional homicide (as this is, per definition, not attempted). However, for other crime types this or other disaggregating variables will provide policy-relevant information on certain crime characteristics:

- the Type of Weapon (We) tag distinguishes violent crime by the main categories of weapons used in the offence;

32 World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision, Volume 2 Instruction Manual. Page 19. 2010. Available at: www.who.int/classifications/icd/ICD10Volume2_en_2010.pdf. 33 Ibid. Page 20.

21

- the Situational Context (SiC) tag provides information on some significant types of criminal organizations involved in the crime;

- the Geographical location (Geo) tag enables the regional location of the crime within the country and identifies crimes recorded as “extraterritorial” crimes;

- the Date and Time (DaT) tag enables the exact identification of the date and time of the criminal offence (where known) and can be used to construct derived categories of interest (for example, burglaries occurring during a certain time period of the day);

- the Location of the Crime (Lo) tag collects data on crime locations by type and allows the identification of typical or common settings of crime such as the home or prisons;

- the Motive (Mo) tag highlights several particularly policy-relevant forms of motive for committing crime, particularly certain hate crimes in which the victim is specifically targeted because of their characteristics, attributes, beliefs or values;

- the Cybercrime-related (Cy) tag serves to identify various forms of crime committed with the use of a computer (for example, internet fraud, cyber-stalking or violation of copyright through electronic dissemination);

- the Reported by (Rep) tag allows the analysis of reporting channels of recorded crimes, such as whether certain crimes are frequently reported by victims or witnesses or more often detected by the police.

In addition, there are a number of self-explanatory victim and perpetrator disaggregations.

Table: A Disaggregating variables34

EVENT DISAGGREGATIONS

VICTIM DISAGGREGATIONS

PERPETRATOR DISAGGREGATIONS

DATA DESCRIPTIONS/INCLUSIONS

At – Attempted/Completed SV – Sex of victim SP – Sex of perpetrator Th – Threats included We – Type of weapon used AV – Age of victim AP – Age of perpetrator AA – Aiding/abetting included SiC – Situational context STV – Age status victim (minor/adult) STP – Age status of perpetrator (minor/adult) Ac – Accessory/accomplice included Geo – Geographic location ViP – Victim-perpetrator relationship ViP – Victim-perpetrator relationship CP – Conspiracy/planning/ preparation included

DaT – Date and time Cit – Citizenship Cit – Citizenship In – Incitement to commit crime included

Lo – Type of location LS – Legal status of victim (natural/legal person) LS – Legal status of perpetrator (natural/legal person)

Mot – Motive Int – Intoxication status of victim Int – Intoxication status of perpetrator

Cy – Cybercrime related ES – Economic sector of business victim EASt – Economic activity status of perpetrator

Rep – Reported by Rec – Recidivist status of perpetrator

34 Each element and variable may be relevant for selected categories only.

22

The relationship to other international classifications

With regard to offences causing physical harm or death, the ICCS is linked with the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The ICD is the long-standing standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes.35 Within its structure, the ICD-10 provides a classification of external causes of morbidity and mortality (Chapter XX), and for the purposes of the ICCS, one of the most important categories is the group of causes considered as “Assault”, which is defined as “injuries inflicted by another person with intent to injure or kill, by any means”. In cases of death of victims of assault, the mortality cause is classified in the ICD-10 as an “Assault” and the statistical count of such deaths is often used to measure intentional homicides, and compared to criminal justice statistics for homicide counts.

In general terms, the definition of intentional homicide from the ICCS and the definition of deaths due to assault from ICD-10 do not contradict one another, since they both require the intentionality of the act and they both refer to the unlawfulness of the act (for example, the ICD-10 excludes killings deriving from legal interventions and operations of war). That said, some discrepancies between the two classifications do exist, mainly due to the ICCS providing more detailed descriptions of certain killings due to different levels of criminal liability of perpetrators. Such a discrepancy occurs, for example, in relation to killings in self-defence (included in “deaths due to assault” in ICD-10, while in the ICCS these are only considered “intentional homicide” in the case of excessive use of force in self-defence). In other cases, the ICCS provides a more detailed description of acts to include or exclude from the count of intentional homicide or other unlawful killings. For example, deaths due to the excessive use of force by law enforcement/state officials are included as intentional homicides in the ICCS, but not necessarily in the deaths by assault of ICD-10; similarly, certain killings in situations of war may be classified as “intentional homicide” or “unlawful killing associated with armed conflict” or as “war crimes” — depending on the circumstances — in the ICCS, while the relevant ICD-10 category makes no such distinction.

A detailed disaggregation of the category, “Assault”, is provided in ICD-10, which encompasses a wide variety of mechanisms that cause injury or death, and the ICCS adopts a consistent approach to build the additional disaggregation of intentional homicide by mechanism of killing (see Table V, which is based on ICD-10’s Assault group categories X85-Y09).

In addition to the ICD, the ICCS also makes reference to the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), which is the international classification for productive activities, first developed by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat in 1948 and revised in 2008. The ISIC is reflected in the disaggregating variables table of the ICCS to identify, by economic sector, businesses and institutions that are victim of a crime. This is particularly useful for identifying crimes against businesses, such as offences committed by employees or offences perpetrated by organized crime groups against businesses.

35 The most recent version (ICD-10) came into use in 1994, while the 11th revision is currently under development.

23

Part Two – Broad and detailed structure

Section 01 Acts leading to death or intending to cause death LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0101 Intentional homicide 0102 Attempted intentional homicide 0103 Non-intentional homicide

01031 Non-negligent manslaughter 01032 Negligent manslaughter 010321 Vehicular homicide 010322 Non-vehicular homicide

0104 Assisting or instigating suicide 01041 Assisting suicide 01049 Other acts of assisting or instigating suicide

0105 Euthanasia 0106 Illegal feticide 0107 Unlawful killing associated with armed conflict 0109 Other acts leading to death or intending to

cause death

Section 02 Acts causing harm or intending to cause harm to the person LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0201 Assaults and threats 02011 Assault 020111 Serious assault 020112 Minor assault 02012 Threat 020121 Serious threat 020122 Minor threat 02019 Other assaults or threats

0202 Acts against liberty 02021 Abduction of a minor 020211 Parental abduction 020212 Abduction by another family member 020213 Abduction by a legal guardian 020219 Other abduction of a minor 02022 Deprivation of liberty 020221 Kidnapping 020222 Illegal restraint 020223 Hijacking 020229 Other deprivation of liberty 02029 Other acts against liberty 020291 Illegal adoption 020292 Forced marriage

020299 Other acts against liberty

24

0203 Slavery and exploitation 02031 Slavery 02032 Forced labour 020321 Forced labour for domestic services 020322 Forced labour for industrial services 020323 Forced labour for the State or armed forces 020329 Other forced labour 02039 Other acts of slavery and exploitation

0204 Trafficking in persons (TIP) 02041 TIP for sexual exploitation 02042 TIP for forced labour or services 02043 TIP for organ removal 02044 TIP for other purposes

0205 Coercion 02051 Extortion or blackmail 02059 Other acts of coercion

0206 Negligence 02061 Negligence in situations of persons under care 020611 Negligence in situations of children under care

020612 Negligence in situations of other dependent persons under care

020619 Other negligence in situations of persons under care

02062 Professional negligence 02063 Negligence related to driving a vehicle 02069 Other acts of negligence

0207 Dangerous acts 02071 Acts that endanger health

02072 Operating a vehicle under the influence of psychoactive substances

020721 Operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol

020722 Operating a vehicle under the influence of illicit drugs

020729 Operating a vehicle under the influence of other

psychoactive substances 02079 Other dangerous acts

0208 Acts intended to induce fear or emotional distress

02081 Harassment 020811 Harassment in the workplace 020819 Other harassment 02082 Stalking

02089 Other acts intended to induce fear or emotional distress

0209 Defamation or insult

02091 Defamation or insult due to the victim’s characteristics or ascribed attributes

25

02092 Defamation or insult due to the victim’s ascribed beliefs or values

02099 Other defamation or insult 0210 Discrimination

02101 Personal discrimination 02102 Group discrimination 02109 Other discrimination

0211 Acts that trespass against the person 02111 Invasion of privacy 02119 Other acts that trespass against the person

0219 Other acts causing harm or intending to cause harm to the person

Section 03 Injurious acts of a sexual nature LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0301 Sexual violence 03011 Rape 030111 Rape with force 030112 Rape without force 030113 Statutory rape 030119 Other rape 03012 Sexual assault 030121 Physical sexual assault 030122 Non-physical sexual assault 030129 Other sexual assault not elsewhere classified 03019 Other acts of sexual violence

0302 Sexual exploitation 03021 Sexual exploitation of adults 03022 Sexual exploitation of children 030221 Child pornography 030222 Child prostitution 030223 Sexual grooming of children 030229 Other sexual exploitation of children 03029 Other acts of sexual exploitation

0309 Other injurious acts of a sexual nature

Section 04 Acts against property involving violence or threat against a person LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0401 Robbery 04011 Robbery from the person 040111 Robbery from the person in a public location 040112 Robbery from the person in a private location 040119 Other robbery from the person 04012 Robbery of valuables or goods in transit 040121 Robbery of a car or vehicle 040129 Other robbery of valuables or goods in transit 04013 Robbery of an establishment or institution 040131 Robbery of a financial institution 040132 Robbery of a non-financial institution

26

04014 Robbery of livestock 04019 Other acts of robbery

0409 Other acts against property involving violence or threat against a person

Section 05 Acts against property only LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0501 Burglary 05011 Burglary of business premises 05012 Burglary of private residential premises 050121 Burglary of permanent private residences 050122 Burglary of non-permanent private residences 05013 Burglary of public premises 05019 Other acts of burglary

0502 Theft 05021 Theft of a motorized vehicle or parts thereof 050211 Theft of a motorized land vehicle 050212 Illegal use of a motorized land vehicle 050213 Theft of parts of a motorized land vehicle

050219 Other theft of a motorized vehicle or parts thereof

05022 Theft of personal property 050221 Theft of personal property from a person 050222 Theft of personal property from a vehicle 050229 Other theft of personal property 05023 Theft of business property 050231 Theft from a shop 050239 Other theft of business property 05024 Theft of public property 05025 Theft of livestock 05026 Theft of services 05029 Other acts of theft

0503 Intellectual property offences 0504 Property damage

05041 Damage of public property 05042 Damage of personal property 05043 Damage of business property 05049 Other damage of property

0509 Other acts against property only

Section 06 Acts involving controlled drugs or other psychoactive substances LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0601 Unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors

06011 Unlawful possession, purchase, use, cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption

060111 Unlawful possession, purchase or use of controlled drugs for personal consumption

27

060112 Unlawful cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption

06012 Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption

060121 Unlawful trafficking of controlled drugs not for personal consumption

060122 Unlawful manufacture of controlled drugs not for personal consumption

060123 Unlawful cultivation of controlled drugs not for personal consumption

060124 Unlawful diversion of precursors not for personal consumption

060129 Other unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption

06019 Other unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors

0602 Unlawful acts involving alcohol, tobacco or other controlled substances

06021 Unlawful production, handling, possession or use of alcohol products

060211 Unlawful possession or use of alcohol products 060212 Unlawful production, trafficking or distribution

of alcohol products 060219 Other unlawful production, handling, possession

or use of alcohol products 06022 Unlawful production, handling, possession or

use of tobacco products 060221 Unlawful possession or use of tobacco products 060222 Unlawful production, trafficking or distribution

of tobacco products 060229 Other unlawful production, handling, possession

or use of tobacco products 06029 Other unlawful acts involving alcohol, tobacco

or other controlled substances 0609 Other acts involving controlled drugs or other

psychoactive substances

Section 07 Acts involving fraud, deception or corruption LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0701 Fraud 07011 Financial fraud 070111 Financial fraud against the State 070112 Financial fraud against natural or legal persons 07019 Other acts of fraud

0702 Forgery/counterfeiting 07021 Counterfeiting means of payment 070211 Counterfeiting means of cash payment

28

070212 Counterfeiting means of non-cash payment 07022 Counterfeit product offences 07023 Acts of forgery/counterfeiting documents 07029 Other acts of forgery/counterfeiting

0703 Corruption 07031 Bribery 070311 Active bribery 070312 Passive bribery 07032 Embezzlement 07033 Abuse of functions 07034 Trading in influence 07035 Illicit enrichment 07039 Other acts of corruption

0704 Acts involving the proceeds of crime 07041 Money laundering 07042 Illicit trafficking in cultural property 07049 Other acts involving the proceeds of crime

0709 Other acts involving fraud, deception or corruption

Section 08 Acts against public order, authority and provisions of the State LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0801 Acts against public order behavioural standards

08011 Violent public disorder offences 08012 Acts related to social and religious public order

norms and standards 08019 Other acts against public order behavioural

standards 0802 Acts against public order sexual standards

08021 Prostitution offences 08022 Pornography offences 08029 Other acts against public order sexual standards

0803 Acts related to freedom of expression or control of expression

08031 Acts against freedom of expression 08032 Acts related to expressions of controlled social

beliefs and norms 080321 Violations of norms on religious beliefs/views 080322 Violations of norms on intolerance and

incitement to hatred 080329 Other acts related to expressions of controlled

social beliefs and norms 08039 Other acts related to freedom of expression or

control of expression 0804 Acts contrary to public revenue or regulatory

provisions 08041 Acts against public revenue provisions 08042 Acts against commercial or financial regulations

29

08043 Acts against regulations on betting 08044 Smuggling of goods 08045 Market manipulations or insider trading 08049 Other acts against public administration or

regulatory provisions 0805 Acts related to migration

08051 Smuggling of migrants offences 08059 Other unlawful acts related to migration

0806 Acts against the justice system 08061 Obstruction of justice 08062 Breach of justice order 08063 Criminal intent 08064 Conspiracy 08069 Other acts against the justice system

0807 Acts related to democratic elections 08071 Acts intended to unduly influence voters at

elections 08079 Other acts related to democratic elections

0808 Acts contrary to labour law 08081 Collective labour law violations 08082 Individual labour law violations

0809 Other acts against public order, authority and provisions of the State

Section 09 Acts against public safety and state security LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

0901 Acts involving weapons, explosives and other destructive materials

09011 Possession or use of weapons and explosives 090111 Unlawful possession or use of firearms 090112 Unlawful possession or use of other weapons or

explosives 090113 Unlawful possession or use of chemical,

biological or radioactive materials 090119 Other acts related to possession or use of

weapons and explosives 09012 Trafficking of weapons and explosives 090121 Trafficking of firearms 090122 Trafficking of other weapons or explosives 090123 Trafficking of chemical, biological or radioactive

materials 090129 Other acts related to trafficking of weapons and

explosives 09019 Other acts relating to weapons and explosives

0902 Acts against health and safety 09021 Acts against health and safety at work 09029 Other acts against health and safety

0903 Acts against computer systems 09031 Unlawful access to a computer system

30

09032 Unlawful interference with a computer system or computer data

090321 Unlawful interference with a computer system 090322 Unlawful interference with computer data 09033 Unlawful interception or access of computer

data 09039 Other acts against computer systems

0904 Acts against state security 0905 Acts related to an organized criminal group

09051 Participation in an organized criminal group 09059 Other acts related to an organized criminal

group 0906 Terrorism

09061 Participation in a terrorist group 09062 Financing of terrorism 09069 Other acts related to the activities of a terrorist

group 0907 Non-injurious traffic violations 0909 Other acts against public safety and state

security

Section 10 Acts against the natural environment LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

1001 Acts that cause environmental pollution or degradation

10011 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of air

10012 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of water

10013 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of soil

10019 Other acts that cause environmental pollution or degradation

1002 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste

10021 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste within national borders

10022 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste across national borders

1003 Trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora

10031 Trade or possession of protected species of wild fauna and flora

100311 Trade or possession of protected species within national borders

100312 Trafficking of protected species across national borders

10032 Trade or possession of prohibited or controlled species of animals

31

10039 Other trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora

1004 Acts that result in the depletion or degradation of natural resources

10041 Illegal logging 10042 Illegal hunting, fishing or gathering of wild fauna

and flora 10043 Illegal mining 10049 Other acts that result in the depletion or

degradation of natural resources 1009 Other acts against the natural environment

10091 Acts against animals 10099 Other acts against the natural environment

Section 11 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME

1101 Acts under universal jurisdiction 11011 Torture 11012 Piracy 11013 War crimes 110131 Unlawfully killing, causing or intending to cause

death or serious injury associated with armed conflict

110132 Unlawful destruction or damage to property associated with armed conflict

110133 Sexual violence associated with armed conflict 110134 Acts against liberty or human dignity associated

with armed conflict 110135 Conscripting or enlisting child soldiers 110139 Other war crimes 11014 Genocide 11015 Crimes against humanity 11016 Crime of aggression 11019 Other acts under universal jurisdiction

1102 Acts contrary to youth regulations and acts on minors

11021 Status offences 11029 Other acts contrary to youth regulations and

acts on minors 1109 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified

32

33

Tabl

e: I

In

tern

atio

nal C

lass

ifica

tion

of C

rime

for S

tatis

tical

pur

pose

s (IC

CS)

SECT

ION

01

ACT

S LE

ADIN

G TO

DEA

TH O

R IN

TEN

DIN

G TO

CAU

SE D

EATH

0101

Inte

ntio

nal h

omic

ide

Unlawful deat

h inflicted upo

n a person wi

th the intent t

o cause death

or serious

injury. +

Incl

usio

ns: Murd

er;36 honour k

illing;37 seriou

s assault leadi

ng to death;38

death a

s a result of ter

rorist activitie

s;39 dowry-rela

ted killings;40

femicide;41

infanticide;42

voluntary man

slaughter;43 ex

trajudicial kill

ings; killings c

aused by exce

ssive use of fo

rce by law en

forcement/sta

te officials44

- Ex

clus

ions

: Death due to

legal interven

tions;45 justifia

ble homicide in

self-defenc

e;46 attempted

intentional ho

micide (0102

); homicide wi

thout the

element of inte

nt is non-inten

tional homicid

e (0103); non-

negligent or

involuntary m

anslaughter47 (

01031); assist

ing suicide or

instigating su

icide (0104)

; illegal feticid

e (0106); eutha

nasia (0105)

0102

Atte

mpt

ed in

tent

iona

l hom

icid

e

Attempt to infl

ict unlawful de

ath upon a per

son with the i

ntent to cause

death or

serious injury.

+

Incl

usio

ns: Attem

pted murder;

attempt to infl

ict death as a

result of

terrorist activ

ities; attempte

d infanticide;

attempted fem

icide; -

Excl

usio

ns: Consp

iracy to procur

e or commit il

legal feticide (

0106) 01

03 N

on-in

tent

iona

l hom

icid

e

Unlawful deat

h unintentiona

lly inflicted up

on a person by

another perso

n. +

Incl

usio

ns: Involu

ntary manslau

ghter, causing

death by dan

gerous drivin

g; apply a

ll inclusions li

sted in 01031

- 01032

- Ex

clus

ions

: Serious assa

ult leading to d

eath (0101); v

oluntary

manslaughter

(0101)

36 M

urde

r is unlawful d

eath inflicted

upon a person

with the inten

t to cause deat

h or serious in

jury, including

when preme

ditated and/o

r with malice

aforethought

. 37 Ho

nour

kill

ing is the

unlawful killi

ng of a person

by relatives o

r other closely

associated pe

rsons as a resu

lt of avenging

a perceived d

ishonor broug

ht on the famil

y, or with the

intent of restor

ing the hon

our of the fam

ily, related to a

n actual or ass

umed sexual o

r behavioural t

ransgression,

including adu

ltery, sexual i

ntercourse or p

regnancy outs

ide marriage.

(World Health

Organization

. Un

ders

tand

ing

and

addr

essin

g vi

olen

ce a

gain

st w

omen

. 2012. Web: <

http://apps.w

ho.int/iris/bit

stream/10665

/77421/1/WH

O_RHR_12.38

_eng.pdf>.)

38 Seriou

s as

saul

t lea

ding

to d

eath

is understood

as unlawful de

ath due to an a

ssault commit

ted with the k

nowledge that

it was probab

le that death o

r serious injury

would occur.

39

Dea

th a

s a

resu

lt of

terr

oris

t activiti

es refers

to killing due t

o an act intend

ed to cause de

ath or serious

bodily injury

by a person w

ho is not a com

batant (i.e. pa

rty to a conflic

t), when the p

urpose

of such an act,

by its nature o

r context, is to

intimidate a p

opulation, or t

o compel a gov

ernment or int

ernational org

anization to d

o or abstain fr

om doing any

act. (United N

ations Genera

l Assembly.

International C

onvention for

the Suppress

ion of the Fina

ncing of Terro

rism. 1999. E/

RES/54/109, A

rticle 2(1b).

40 D

owry

-rel

ated

kill

ing

refers to the u

nlawful killing

of a woman as

sociated with

the giving or r

eceiving of a d

owry at any ti

me before, du

ring or after t

he marriage. A

dowry is any

property or as

set that is

provided by o

ne party to a m

arriage to the

other party to

the marriage.

United Nation

s. (United Nati

ons Division fo

r the Advance

ment of Wom

en. Good Pract

ices in Legisla

tion on "Harm

ful Practic

es" Against Wo

men. Addis Ab

aba, Ethiopia.

2009. Web: <

http://www.u

n.org/womenw

atch/daw/egm

/vaw_legislat

ion_2009/Fin

al report EGM

GPLVAW.pdf>

.) 41

Fem

icid

e is the I

ntentional kill

ing of a woma

n for misogyn

ous or gender

-based reason

s. 42

Infa

ntic

ide

refers to the k

illing of a child

under one ye

ar old. 43

Vol

unta

ry m

ansl

augh

ter

is unlawful de

ath inflicted u

pon a person w

ith the intenti

on to cause de

ath under circu

mstances of di

minished resp

onsibility such

as provocatio

n. 44

Death a

s a

resu

lt o

f the

use

of f

orce

by

law

enf

orce

men

t or

othe

r state o

fficials that ex

ceeded the lim

its, set by nati

onal and inter

national stand

ards, of what

is strictly nec

essary and req

uired for

the performan

ce of their dut

y. 45

Dea

th d

ue to

lega

l int

erve

ntio

ns refers

to death inflic

ted upon a per

son by the po

lice or other l

aw-enforceme

nt agents, inclu

ding military

on duty, in the

course of arre

sting or attem

pting to arrest

lawbre

akers, suppres

sing disturban

ces, maintainin

g order, and ot

her legal actio

n when the us

e of force by la

w enforcemen

t is necessary

to protect life

. 46

Just

ifiab

le h

omic

ide

in s

elf-d

efen

ce is the k

illing of a pers

on committed

in self-defenc

e or defence o

f others when

less extreme

means are ins

ufficient to pro

tect life agains

t the imminent

threat of

death or seriou

s injury.

47 N

on-n

eglig

ent o

r in

volu

ntar

y m

ansl

augh

ter

is unlawful de

ath inflicted u

pon a person w

hen there is ge

nerally intent

to cause harm

but no intent

to cause death

or serious inj

ury.

34

SECT

ION

01

ACT

S LE

ADIN

G TO

DEA

TH O

R IN

TEN

DIN

G TO

CAU

SE D

EATH

0103

1 Non

-neg

ligen

t man

slau

ghte

r Unlawf

ul death inflic

ted upon a per

son when ther

e is generally

intent to cause

harm but no in

tent to cause

death or seriou

s injury. +

Incl

usio

ns: Involu

ntary manslau

ghter; bodily in

jury leading to

death when

no serious har

m was intende

d -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0103

0103

2 Neg

ligen

t man

slau

ghte

r Uninte

nded death as

a result of a n

egligent or inv

oluntary act th

at is not i

ntentionally d

irected agains

t the victim.48

+

Incl

usio

ns: Crimi

nally negligen

t manslaughte

r; corporate m

anslaughter;

vehicular man

slaughter; app

ly all inclusion

s listed in 010

321 - 010322

- Ex

clus

ions

: Negligent ac

ts not amount

ing to death (0

206); apply al

l exclusi

ons listed in 0

103 01

0321

Ve

hicu

lar h

omic

ide

Unintended d

eath as a resu

lt of a negligen

t, reckless or

involuntary ac

t while operat

ing a vehicle th

at is not

intentionally

directed again

st the victim.49

- Neglig

ent as defined

in footnote 48.

+ In

clus

ions

: Causing dea

th by dangero

us driving; cau

sing death thr

ough breach

of traffic safe

ty rules; causin

g death by driv

ing under the i

nfluence of

drugs or alcoh

ol; vehicular m

anslaughter

- Ex

clus

ions

: Negligence r

elated to traff

ic not amount

ing to death (0

2063);

operating a ve

hicle under th

e influence of p

sychoactive su

bstances not

amounting to

death (02072)

; apply all exc

lusions listed

in 01032

0103

22

Non

-veh

icul

ar h

omic

ide

Unintended d

eath as a resu

lt of a negligen

t or involuntar

y act that is

not intentiona

lly directed ag

ainst the victim

. - Neglig

ent as defined

in footnote 48.

+ In

clus

ions

: Gross neglig

ent manslaug

hter; professi

onal negligenc

e leading

to death

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 01032

0104

Assi

stin

g or

inst

igat

ing

suic

ide

Unlawf

ul acts intenti

onally facilita

ting or instiga

ting the suicide

of a person.

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 01041 - 010

49 -

48 N

eglig

ence

is the failure t

o exercise the

care towards

others that a r

easonable or p

rudent person

would exerci

se in the circu

mstances, or t

aking action th

at a reasonabl

e or prudent p

erson would

not. 49 V

ehic

le, at min

imum, is a dev

ice or structur

e for transpor

ting persons o

r things and in

cludes car, mo

torcycle, truck

, bus, train, bo

at, aircraft, bi

cycle, horse, tr

actor, etc.

35

SECT

ION

01

ACT

S LE

ADIN

G TO

DEA

TH O

R IN

TEN

DIN

G TO

CAU

SE D

EATH

0104

1 As

sist

ing

suic

ide

Intenti

onal death of a

person who w

ishes to die, in

flicted upon

himself or her

self and facilita

ted by anothe

r person who

assists in

the death, or p

rovides the kn

owledge, mean

s or both.50

+ In

clus

ions

: Physician-as

sisted suicide

not amountin

g to euthanas

ia; assiste

d suicide

- Ex

clus

ions

: Death of a pe

rson by anothe

r person with

the intention o

f painles

sly putting to

death or reliev

ing intractable

suffering (010

5); failure to

offer aid leadi

ng to death (0

109) 01

042

Oth

er a

cts o

f ass

istin

g or

inst

igat

ing

suic

ide

Acts le

ading to suicid

e of another p

erson not desc

ribed in 01041

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Instig

ating suicide

through persu

asion or other

means

-

0105

Euth

anas

ia

Death of a pers

on by another

person, with o

r without the c

onsent of the

dying person

, with the inte

ntion of painle

ssly putting to

death, relievi

ng intractable

sufferin

g or failing to

prevent death

from natural c

auses in cases

of terminal illn

ess or irrev

ersible coma.5

1 +

Incl

usio

ns: Non-v

oluntary eutha

nasia; involun

tary euthanas

ia -

Excl

usio

ns: Facili

tating the dea

th of a person

who wishes to

die (0104)

0106

Illeg

al fe

ticid

e

Unlawful deat

h of a foetus i

ntentionally p

rocured or co

nducted by a p

erson.52

+

Incl

usio

ns: Illega

l abortion; ab

ortion offence

s as defined b

y national

legislation; co

ncealment of b

irth by secret

ly disposing o

f the body; inte

ntional

miscarriages

and still birth

s; procuring a

n illegal abort

ion; aborting

a foetus

against aborti

on regulations

; forced aborti

on53 -

Excl

usio

ns: Legal

abortion/leg

al feticide; ab

ortion conduc

ted by a perso

n lacking

medical skills

(02071)

50 World

Health Organ

ization. WHO

Centre for He

alth Developm

ent. Glossary o

f Terms for Co

mmunity Heal

th Care and Se

rvices for Olde

r Persons. 200

4. Web:

<http://www

.who.int/kobe

_centre/agein

g/ahp_vol5_gl

ossary.pdf>.

51 World

Health Organ

ization. WHO

Centre for He

alth Developm

ent. Gloss

ary

of T

erm

s for

Com

mun

ity H

ealth

Car

e an

d Se

rvic

es fo

r Old

er P

erso

ns. 2

004. Web

: <http:/

/www.who.in

t/kobe_centre

/ageing/ahp_

vol5_glossary

.pdf>. 52

Unlawful dea

th of a foetus

as defined by n

ational legisla

tion. The death

of a foetus m

ay be prohibit

ed or restricte

d based on wee

ks of gestation

, weight of the

foetus, prohib

ited under all

circumstances

, or prohibited

on other grou

nds. 53

Performing a

n abortion on

a woman with

out her prior a

nd informed c

onsent; perfo

rming surger

y which has th

e purpose or

effect of termi

nating a wom

an’s capacity

to naturally re

produce witho

ut her pri

or and inform

ed consent or

understanding

of procedure.

(Council of Eu

rope. Council

of Europe Con

vention on pre

venting and co

mbating violen

ce against wo

men and dome

stic violence

(Istanbul Conv

ention). Art. 39

. 2011).

36

SECT

ION

01

ACT

S LE

ADIN

G TO

DEA

TH O

R IN

TEN

DIN

G TO

CAU

SE D

EATH

0107

Unl

awfu

l kill

ing

asso

ciat

ed w

ith a

rmed

con

flict

Unlawf

ul killing in a s

ituation of arm

ed conflict no

t amounting to

a war crime

- War crime as

defined in 11

01. +

Incl

usio

ns: Killin

g by a combata

nt which is con

sidered a crim

inal offence in

the nat

ional legislatio

n (and is pros

ecuted as such

) but does not

amount to a

war crime

- Ex

clus

ions

: Killing durin

g armed confl

ict considered

intentional h

omicide

(0101); Killing

associated w

ith armed conf

lict amountin

g to war crime

(11013

) 01

09 O

ther

act

s lea

ding

to d

eath

or i

nten

ding

to c

ause

dea

th

Acts leading t

o death or inte

nding to cause

the death of a

person by ano

ther person

which are not

described in

categories 010

1 - 0107.

+ In

clus

ions

: Failure to off

er aid leading

to death

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0101 – 0107

37

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0201

Assa

ults

and

thre

ats

Use of force to

cause injury o

r harm or the

threat to caus

e injury or har

m. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0201

1 - 02019

- Ex

clus

ions

: Serious assa

ult leading to d

eath (0101); a

ll injurious ac

ts of a sexual

nature (03); u

sing force to t

ake property (

04); using thr

eat of force to

deman

d a particular

course of acti

on from a pers

on (0205)

0201

1 Assa

ult

Intentional or

reckless appl

ication of phy

sical force infl

icted upon

the body of a p

erson.54

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 020111 - 02

0112 -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0201

0201

11

Serio

us a

ssau

lt Intenti

onal or reckle

ss application

of serious ph

ysical force

inflicted upon

the body of a

person resulti

ng in serious b

odily injury.5

5 - Reckl

ess as defined

in footnote 54.

+ In

clus

ions

: Inclusions: In

flicting grievo

us bodily harm

; wounding;

aggravated as

sault; inflictin

g bodily harm

under aggrav

ating circums

tances;

battery; acid a

ttacks; female

genital mutila

tion; poisoning

; assault with

a weapo

n; forced steril

ization56

; taking human

blood, organs

or tissues by

use of violenc

e -

Excl

usio

ns: Threa

t to inflict seri

ous bodily inj

ury (020121);

torture

(11011); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0201

1 02

0112

M

inor

ass

ault

Intentional or

reckless appl

ication of min

or physical for

ce inflicte

d upon the bo

dy of a person

resulting in n

o injury or

minor bodily

injury.57

- Reckless as d

efined in footn

ote 54.

+ In

clus

ions

: Inflicting min

or bodily harm

; simple assau

lt; pushing, sla

pping, kicking

, hitting; drugg

ing or spiking

- Ex

clus

ions

: Threat to infl

ict minor bodi

ly injury (0201

22); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 02011

0201

2 Th

reat

Any typ

e of threatenin

g behaviour if

it is believed

that the threa

t could b

e enacted.58

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 020121 - 02

0122 -

Excl

usio

ns: Using

threat of force

to demand a p

articular cours

e of action

from a person

(0205); threat

ening a witnes

s, justice or law

enforcement

official

(08061); threa

tening voters

to influence th

eir vote (08071

); threat of forc

e to take pr

operty (0401)

; all injurious a

cts of a sexual

nature (03); r

ecruitment,

transportation

, transfer, harb

ouring or rece

ipt of persons

through the th

reat of force fo

r exploitation

(0204); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0201

54 A

ctin

g re

ckle

ssly

, at minimum,

is acting witho

ut thinking or

caring about

the consequen

ces of an actio

n. 55

Ser

ious

bod

ily in

jury

, at minimum,

includes gunsh

ot or bullet w

ounds; knife o

r stab wounds;

severed limbs

; broken bone

s or teeth knoc

ked out; inter

nal injuries; be

ing knocked un

conscious; and

other s

evere or critic

al injuries.

Seri

ous

phys

ical

forc

e, at minimum

, includes bein

g shot; stabbe

d or cut; hit by

an object; hit

by a thrown o

bject; poisonin

g and other ap

plications of fo

rce with the p

otential to cau

se serious bod

ily injury. 56

Performing s

urgery which

has the purpo

se or effect of

terminating a

woman or ma

n’s capacity to

naturally repr

oduce without

his or her prio

r and informed

consent or un

derstanding of

the proced

ure. (Council

of Europe. Cou

ncil of Europe

Convention o

n preventing a

nd combating

violence again

st women and

domestic viol

ence (Istanbu

l Convention).

Art. 39. 2011)

57

Min

or b

odily

inju

ry, at min

imum, include

s bruises, cuts

, scratches, ch

ipped teeth, sw

elling, black ey

e and other m

inor injuries.

Min

or p

hysi

cal f

orce

, at minimum,

includes hittin

g, slapping, pu

shing, tripping

, knocking dow

n and other ap

plications of fo

rce with the p

otential to cau

se minor bod

ily injury.

58 T

hrea

teni

ng b

ehav

iour

, at minimum,

is an intention

al behaviour t

hat causes fea

r of injury or

harm.

38

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0201

21

Serio

us th

reat

Threat

with the inten

tion to cause d

eath or seriou

s harm.59

- Threa

t as defined in

02012.

+ In

clus

ions

: Threatening

death or seriou

s injury, threat

ening the dea

th or serious

injury of a fam

ily member, fri

end or anothe

r person

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02012

0201

22

Min

or th

reat

Threat

with the inten

tion to cause m

inor harm. 60

- Threat as def

ined in 02012

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Threa

tening minor

injury, threate

ning minor in

jury to a fami

ly membe

r or friend

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02012

0201

9 O

ther

ass

aults

and

thre

ats

Acts causing o

r threatening

injury or harm

not described

or classifi

ed in categorie

s 02011 - 020

12. +

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0201

0202

Acts

aga

inst

libe

rty

Taking away o

r limiting the

movement or l

iberty of a pe

rson.61

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 02021 - 020

29 -

Excl

usio

ns: Slave

ry and exploit

ation (0203);

TIP (0204); a

cts against

freedom or con

trol of expres

sion (0803); a

ll acts of a sexu

al nature (03)

02

021 Ab

duct

ion

of a

min

or

Unlawfully tak

ing away, con

cealing or deta

ining a minor

from their

legal guardian

or custodial p

arent. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0202

11 - 020219

- Ex

clus

ions

: Unlawfully de

taining a pers

on for the purp

oses of deman

ding an illic

it gain for the

ir liberation (

020221); illega

l adoption is (

020291); apply

all excl

usions listed i

n 0202

0202

11

Pare

ntal

abd

uctio

n Abduct

ion of a minor

by a parent w

ho does not h

ave exclusi

ve custody.

- Abduction o

f a minor as d

efined in 0202

1. +

Incl

usio

ns: Intern

ational parent

al abduction, d

omestic paren

tal abduction

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02021

0202

12

Abdu

ctio

n by

ano

ther

fam

ily m

embe

r Abduct

ion of a minor

by another fa

mily member

who is not a

parent and do

es not have exc

lusive custody

. - Abdu

ction of a min

or as defined

in 02021.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02021

59 S

erio

us h

arm

, at minimum,

includes serio

us bodily inju

ry or serious p

hysical force d

efined in footn

ote 13.

60 M

inor

har

m, at min

imum, include

s minor bodil

y injury or mi

nor physical f

orce defined in

footnote 58.

61 L

iber

ty, at min

imum, is freed

om in the pub

lic sphere, free

dom from cap

tivity, oppress

ion or despotic

rule. (Uni

ted

Nat

ions

. Uni

vers

al D

ecla

ratio

n of

Hum

an R

ight

s. W

eb:

<htt

p://

ww

w.u

n.or

g/en

/doc

umen

ts/u

dhr/

>.).

39

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0202

13

Abdu

ctio

n by

a le

gal g

uard

ian

Abduction of a

minor by a le

gal guardian w

ho is not a pa

rent or anot

her family mem

ber and does n

ot have exclus

ive custod

y. - Abdu

ction of a min

or as defined

in 02021.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02021

0202

19

Oth

er a

bduc

tion

of a

min

or

Other abductio

n of a minor no

t described or

classified in

categories 020

211 - 020213.

- Abdu

ction of a min

or as defined

in 02021.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02012

0202

2 De

priv

atio

n of

libe

rty

Unlawful deta

inment of a pe

rson or person

s against their

will. +

Incl

usio

ns: Kidna

pping; illegal r

estraint; hijac

king; apply al

l inclusions

listed in 0202

21 - 020229

- Ex

clus

ions

: Abduction o

f a minor (020

21); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 0202

0202

21

Kidn

appi

ng

Unlawful deta

inment and ta

king away of a

person or per

sons against

their will (incl

uding through

the use of for

ce, threat,

fraud or entice

ment) for the

purpose of de

manding an ill

icit gain, an

y other econom

ic gain or othe

r material ben

efit for

their liberatio

n, or in order

to oblige some

one to do or n

ot to do som

ething.

+ In

clus

ions

: Kidnapping;

express kidna

pping -

Excl

usio

ns: Abdu

ction of a min

or (02021); TI

P (0204); illeg

al adoption

(020291); taki

ng a hostage (

020222); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0202

2 02

0222

Ill

egal

rest

rain

t Unlawf

ul detainment

of a person or

persons again

st their will

(including thr

ough the use o

f force; threat

; fraud or

enticement), w

here the perso

n is not transp

orted to a

different loca

tion. +

Incl

usio

ns: Hosta

ge taking; fals

e imprisonme

nt; unlawful de

privation of

liberty; unlaw

ful detainment

; forced disapp

earance62

-

Excl

usio

ns: Abdu

ction of a min

or (02021); TI

P (0204); illeg

al adoption

(020291); forc

ed marriage (0

20292); unlaw

fully detaining

a person for t

he purpos

es of demandin

g an illicit gai

n for their libe

ration (02022

1); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 02022

62 A forc

ed d

isap

pear

ance

occurs when

“persons are

arrested, deta

ined or abduc

ted against the

ir will or other

wise deprived

of their libert

y by officials o

f different bra

nches or levels

of governme

nt, or by o

rganized grou

ps or private

individuals ac

ting on behalf

of, or with th

e support, dir

ect or indirec

t, consent or

acquiescence

of the Gover

nment, follow

ed by a refusa

l to disclose t

he fate or

whereabouts o

f the persons

concerned or

a refusal to a

cknowledge t

he deprivatio

n of their libe

rty, which pla

ces such perso

ns outside the

protection of

the law.” Unite

d Nations. Dec

laration on th

e Protect

ion of All Perso

ns from Enforc

ed Disappeara

nce. GA Resolu

tion 47/133 o

f 18 Decembe

r 1992. Web:

<http://www

.un.org/en/ev

ents/disappe

arancesday/b

ackground.sh

tml>.

40

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0202

23

Hija

ckin

g Unlawf

ul seizure of a

vehicle togeth

er with its pas

sengers

through the u

se of force or t

hreat of force.

- Vehic

le as defined in

footnote 49

+ In

clus

ions

: Hijacking of

an aircraft, ca

r, bus, ship or o

ther motor ve

hicle -

Excl

usio

ns: Electr

onic or comm

unication-rela

ted hijacking (

0903);

violence, deten

tion, rape or d

epredation co

mmitted for p

rivate ends by

the crew o

r the passeng

ers of a privat

e ship or aircra

ft directed on

the high seas

against anothe

r ship, aircraf

t or against pe

rsons or prope

rty on board a

ship or aircr

aft (11012); t

heft of a moto

r vehicle or ot

her types of th

eft (0502);

robbery (0401

); apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02022

0202

29

Oth

er d

epriv

atio

n of

libe

rty

Deprivation o

f liberty not d

escribed or cla

ssified in cate

gories 020221

- 020223.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02022

0202

9 O

ther

act

s aga

inst

libe

rty

Acts against li

berty not desc

ribed or classi

fied in categor

ies 02021

- 02022.

- Liberty as de

fined in footno

te 61. +

Incl

usio

ns: Illega

l adoption; for

ced marriage;

apply all incl

usions listed i

n 020291

- 02039

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0202

0202

91

Illeg

al a

dopt

ion

Unlawfully ad

opting a child

and/or unlaw

fully arranging

, facilita

ting or contro

lling a child fo

r the purpose

s of adoptio

n.63 +

Incl

usio

ns: Adop

tion fraud; ille

gal adoption

- Ex

clus

ions

: Abduction o

f a minor (020

21); TIP (020

4); taking a ho

stage (02022

2); apply all ex

clusions listed

in 02029

0202

92

Forc

ed m

arria

ge

Marriage with

out valid cons

ent or with con

sent as a resu

lt of intimid

ation, force, fr

aud, coercion,

threat, decep

tion, use of

drugs or alcoh

ol, abuse of po

wer or of a po

sition of

vulnerability.6

4

+ In

clus

ions

: Forced marr

iage, child mar

riage -

Excl

usio

ns: Abdu

ction of a min

or (02021); TI

P for forced m

arriage

(02044); takin

g a hostage (0

20222); slaver

y and exploita

tion (0203); a

pply all

exclusions list

ed in 02029

0202

99

Oth

er a

cts a

gain

st li

bert

y Acts ag

ainst liberty n

ot described o

r classified in

categories

020291 - 0202

92. - Liber

ty as defined in

footnote 61.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Abduction o

f a minor (020

21); TIP (020

4); taking a ho

stage (02022

2); apply all ex

clusions listed

in 02029

63 United

Nations. Depa

rtment of Eco

nomic and So

cial Affairs. Ch

ild A

dopt

ion:

Tre

nds a

nd P

olic

ies.

2009

. Web

: <ht

tp:/

/ww

w.u

n.or

g/es

a/po

pula

tion/

publ

icat

ions

/ado

ptio

n201

0/ch

ild_a

dopt

ion.

pdf>

. 64

United Nation

s. Division for

the Advancem

ent of Women.

Forc

ed a

nd E

arly

Mar

riag

e: A

Foc

us o

n Ce

ntra

l and

Eas

tern

Eur

ope

and

Form

er S

ovie

t Uni

on C

ount

ries

with

Sel

ecte

d La

ws f

rom

oth

er

Coun

trie

s. Expert

paper by Tho

mas, Cheryl. 20

09. Web: <htt

p://www.un.o

rg/womenwatc

h/daw/egm/

vaw_legislatio

n_2009/Exper

t Paper EGMG

PLHP _Cheryl

Thomas revise

d_.pdf>.

41

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0203

Slav

ery

and

expl

oita

tion

Taking away o

r limiting the

movement of a

person for the

purposes of e

xploitation

for financial or

other gain not

amounting to

TIP. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0203

1 - 02039

- Ex

clus

ions

: TIP (0204); s

exual exploita

tion (0302); f

orced marriage

(02029

2); acts violati

ng labour laws

(0808)

0203

1 Slav

ery

Unlawful capt

ure, acquisitio

n or disposal o

f a person with

intent to

reduce the pe

rson to a statu

s or condition

over which an

y or all of

the powers atta

ching to the ri

ght of ownersh

ip are exercise

d; all acts inv

olved in the a

cquisition of a

slave with a vi

ew to selling o

r exchan

ging the perso

n; all acts of di

sposal by sale

or exchange

of a slave a

cquired with a

view to being

sold or exchan

ged, and every

act of t

rade or transp

ort in slaves.

+ In

clus

ions

: Slavery; deb

t bondage; bon

ded labour or

servitude; inv

oluntary

servitude

- Ex

clus

ions

: Unlawful wor

k or service w

hich is exacted

from any pers

on under t

he menace of a

ny penalty an

d for which th

e person has n

ot offered

himself volun

tarily (02032)

; apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0203

0203

2 Forc

ed la

bour

Unlawf

ul work or serv

ice which is ex

acted from an

y person unde

r the me

nace of any pe

nalty and for

which the per

son has not off

ered themse

lves voluntari

ly. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0203

21-020329

- Ex

clus

ions

: Slavery (020

31); TIP for fo

rced labour o

r services (020

42); apply a

ll exclusions li

sted in 0203

0203

21

Forc

ed la

bour

for d

omes

tic se

rvic

es

Forced labour

to provide se

rvices for third

party private

households.

- Forced labou

r as defined in

02032.

+ In

clus

ions

: Forced dome

stic labour; do

mestic labour

exploitation

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02032

0203

22

Forc

ed la

bour

for i

ndus

tria

l ser

vice

s Forced

labour to pro

vide services f

or industry.65

- Forced labou

r as defined in

02032.

+ In

clus

ions

: Forced labou

r in agricultur

e, constructio

n, manufactur

ing, enterta

inment, fisher

ies, sweatsho

ps, farms

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02032

0203

23

Forc

ed la

bour

for t

he S

tate

or a

rmed

forc

es

Forced labour

to provide se

rvices for the S

tate or armed

forces.

- Force

d labour as de

fined in 02032

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Unlaw

ful labour in la

bour camps

- Ex

clus

ions

: Conscripting

or enlisting ch

ild soldiers (11

0135); apply

all exclusi

ons listed in 0

2032

65

International

Labour Organ

ization. Forced

Lab

our C

onve

ntio

n 19

30 (N

o. 2

9) C

onve

ntio

n co

ncer

ning

For

ced

or C

ompu

lsory

Lab

our (

Entr

y in

to fo

rce:

01

May

193

2). Geneva, Sw

itzerland. Web

: <https:

//w

ww

.ilo.

org/

dyn/

norm

lex/

en/f

?p=1

000:

1210

0:0:

:NO:

:P12

100_

INST

RUM

ENT_

ID:3

1217

4>.

42

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0203

29

Oth

er fo

rced

labo

ur

Forced labour

not described

or classified i

n categories

020321 - 0203

23. - Force

d labour as de

fined in 02032

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Force

d begging

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02032

0203

9 O

ther

act

s of s

lave

ry a

nd e

xplo

itatio

n

Slavery and ex

ploitation not

described or

classified in ca

tegories

02031 - 02032

. +

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0203

0204

Traf

ficki

ng in

per

sons

(TIP

)

Recruitment,

transportation

, transfer, harb

ouring or rece

ipt of persons

, by means of

the threat or u

se of force or o

ther forms of

coercion, of ab

duction, of frau

d, of decept

ion, of the abu

se of power or

of a position o

f vulnerability

or of the givin

g or receivi

ng of paymen

ts or benefits t

o achieve the

consent of a p

erson having c

ontrol over an

other person,

for the purpo

se of exploitat

ion. Exploitat

ion shall inclu

de, at minimu

m, the exploit

ation of the pr

ostitution of o

thers or other

forms of sexu

al exploit

ation, forced l

abour or servic

es, slavery or p

ractices simila

r to slavery,

servitude or th

e removal of o

rgans.66

+ In

clus

ions

: Trafficking o

f adults, child t

rafficking; app

ly all inclusion

s listed

in 02041 - 020

44 -

Excl

usio

ns: Slave

ry (02031); for

ced labour (02

032); acts viol

ating labour

laws (0808); f

orced marriage

(020292); all

injurious acts

of a sexual na

ture (03); a

ssaults and th

reats (0201); a

cts against lib

erty (0202); a

cts against

public order s

exual standar

ds (0802); smu

ggling of migr

ants and other

migrat

ion offences (0

805) 02

041 TI

P fo

r sex

ual e

xplo

itatio

n TIP for

the purposes

of sexual explo

itation.

- TIP as define

d in 0204.

- Sexual explo

itation as defi

ned in 0302.

+ In

clus

ions

: TIP for sexua

l exploitation

; TIP for the ex

ploitation of t

he prostit

ution of other

s; TIP for com

mercial sexua

l exploitation

-

Excl

usio

ns: Sexua

l exploitation

of adults not

amounting to

TIP (03021);

apply all exclu

sions listed in

0204 02

042

TIP

for f

orce

d la

bour

or s

ervi

ces

TIP for the pu

rposes of forc

ed labour or se

rvices.67

- Forced labou

r as defined in

02032.

+ In

clus

ions

: TIP for force

d labour; TIP f

or slavery or s

imilar practice

s; TIP for ind

entured servi

tude; TIP for d

omestic work

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0204

66 United

Nations. Proto

col t

o Pr

even

t, Su

ppre

ss a

nd P

unish

Tra

ffick

ing

in P

erso

ns, E

spec

ially

Wom

en a

nd C

hild

ren,

Sup

plem

entin

g th

e Un

ited

Nat

ions

Con

vent

ion

Agai

nst T

rans

natio

nal O

rgan

ized

Cri

me.

20

00. Web:

<http://www

.uncjin.org/D

ocuments/Co

nventions/dca

toc/final_docu

ments_2/conv

ention_ traff_e

ng.pdf>.

67 S

ervi

ces, at mi

nimum, is wor

k obtained fro

m a person un

der a threat an

d which the p

erson has not

offered thems

elves voluntar

ily. (Internatio

nal Labour Org

anization. For

ced Labour Co

nvention

1930 (No. 29)

Convention c

oncerning For

ced or Compu

lsory Labour (

Entry into for

ce: 01 May 193

2). Geneva, Sw

itzerland: , We

b: <https:

//www.ilo.org

/dyn/normlex

/en/f?p=1000:

12100:0::NO::

P12100_INST

RUMENT_ID:31

2174>.).

43

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0204

3 TIP

for o

rgan

rem

oval

TIP for

the purposes

of organ remo

val.68 - TIP as

defined in 02

04. +

Incl

usio

ns: TIP fo

r organ remov

al; TIP for live

r removal

- Ex

clus

ions

: Acts that end

anger health (0

2061); acts ag

ainst health a

nd safety (

0902); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0204

0204

4 TI

P fo

r oth

er p

urpo

ses

TIP for other p

urposes of exp

loitation not d

escribed or cla

ssified in

categories 020

41 - 02043.

- TIP as define

d in 0204.

+ In

clus

ions

: TIP for force

d marriage; T

IP for camel jo

ckeying; TIP fo

r commi

tting crimes

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0204

0205

Coer

cion

Demanding a

particular cou

rse of action th

rough the use

of force, threat

, intimid

ation, threat t

o reveal comp

romising infor

mation, or thr

eat of defamat

ion. - Defam

ation as descr

ibed in 0209.

+ In

clus

ions

: Coercion; ex

tortion; blackm

ail; apply all in

clusions listed

in 02051

- 02059

- Ex

clus

ions

: Procuring se

xual acts unde

r coercion and

any injurious

acts of a

sexual nature

(03); taking p

roperty throug

h the use of fo

rce, threat or t

hreat of force

(0401); TIP (

0204); slaver

y and exploita

tion (0203); a

ssaults and

threats (0201

); acts intende

d to cause fea

r or emotional

distress (0207

); threate

ning a witnes

s, justice or law

enforcement

official (0806

1); threatening

voters

to influence th

eir vote (0807

1); defamation

or insult (020

9) 02

051 Ex

tort

ion

or b

lack

mai

l Deman

ding a particu

lar course of a

ction through a

written or

verbal threat.

69 +

Incl

usio

ns: Extor

tion of person

s, businesses o

r institutions

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0205

0205

9 O

ther

act

s of c

oerc

ion

Acts of

coercion not

described or c

lassified in 02

051. - Coerc

ion as defined

in 0205.

+ In

clus

ions

:

-

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0205

0206

Neg

ligen

ce

Bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily harm f

rom a person’s

negligent, rec

kless or

careless behav

iour. - Neglig

ent as defined

in footnote 48.

- Reckl

ess as defined

in footnote 54.

+

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0206

1 - 02069

- Ex

clus

ions

: Manslaughte

r caused by ne

gligence (0103

2); causing bo

dily harm o

r leading to bo

dily harm as a

result of a da

ngerous act (0

207)

68 Orga

n is the differe

ntiated and vi

tal part of the

human body, f

ormed by diff

erent tissues

that maintain i

ts structure, va

scularization

and capacity to

develop phys

iological func

tions with an

important lev

el of autonom

y. (World Heal

th Organizatio

n. Global Glos

sary of Terms

and Definition

s on Donations

and Transpla

ntation. Genev

a, Switzerland

, 2009. Web:

<http://www

.who.int/trans

plantation/ac

tivities/Globa

lGlossaryonDo

nationTranspla

ntation.pdf>.).

69 A pa

rtic

ular

cou

rse

of a

ctio

n includes, at

minimum, forf

eiting property

, forfeiting mo

ney, or provid

ing services o

r benefits.

Written or v

erbal thre

at, at min

imum, is threa

t of releasing

information, t

hreat of defam

ation, threat o

f force, threat

of bodily inju

ry, or threat o

f criminal pros

ecution.

44

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0206

1 Neg

ligen

ce in

situ

atio

ns o

f per

sons

und

er c

are

Bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily harm f

rom a legally o

bligated

or responsible

person’s negli

gence towards

their duty to c

are.70 - Neglig

ent as defined

in footnote 48.

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 020611 - 02

0619 -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0206

0206

11

Neg

ligen

ce in

situ

atio

ns o

f chi

ldre

n un

der c

are

Bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily harm i

nflicted upon a

child d

ue to a legally

obligated or r

esponsible pe

rson’s neglige

nce towards th

eir duty to car

e. - Neglig

ent as defined

in footnote 48.

- Duty

to care as defi

ned in footnot

e 70. - Child

as defined in n

ational legisla

tion.

+ In

clus

ions

: Neglect of a c

hild under car

e; child neglec

t; child aband

onment

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02061

0206

12

Neg

ligen

ce in

situ

atio

ns o

f oth

er d

epen

dent

pe

rson

s und

er c

are

Bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily harm i

nflicted upon a

depend

ent adult perso

n due to a lega

lly obligated o

r respon

sible person’s

negligence to

wards their d

uty to care.71

- Negligent as d

efined in footn

ote 48.

- Duty to care

as defined in

footnote 70.

+ In

clus

ions

: Neglect of el

derly persons

; neglect of an

adult person u

nder care; n

eglect of an eld

erly person un

der care; aban

donment of an

elderly

person requir

ing care

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 02061

0206

19

Oth

er n

eglig

ence

in si

tuat

ions

of p

erso

ns u

nder

ca

re Bodily

harm or poten

tial for bodily

harm due to a

legally

obligated or r

esponsible pe

rson’s neglige

nce towards th

eir duty to

care not desc

ribed or classi

fied in categor

ies 020611

– 020612.

- Negligent as d

efined in footn

ote 48.

- Duty to care

as defined in

footnote 70.

+ In

clus

ions

: Negligence r

elated to fami

ly; violation o

f obligations to

wards family;

failure to pro

vide for the n

eeds of a serva

nt/apprentice

-

Excl

usio

ns: Negli

gence related

to taking prope

r care of pets (

10091); apply

all excl

usions listed i

n 02061

0206

2 Pr

ofes

siona

l neg

ligen

ce

Bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily harm c

aused by a per

son’s failure

to perform th

e professional

duty that a rea

sonable perso

n in this pr

ofession woul

d perform.

+ In

clus

ions

: Medical negli

gence in presc

riptions; gross

negligent con

duct of

medical proce

dures; profess

ional malpract

ice; gross negl

igent acts in t

he perform

ance of profes

sional duty; cri

minal negligen

ce of pilots, bo

at captains

and other prof

essional opera

tors of vehicle

s -

Excl

usio

ns: Profe

ssional neglig

ence leading t

o death (0103

22); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 0206

70 D

uty

to c

are, at m

inimum, is the

requirement th

at a person ac

t toward other

s and the pub

lic with the wa

tchfulness, att

ention, cautio

n and prudenc

e that a reason

able person in

the circumsta

nces would.

71

Dep

ende

nt p

erso

n, at minimum

, is a person de

pendent upon

one or more o

ther persons f

or care and su

pport who wou

ld be in dange

r if the care an

d support wer

e withdrawn.

45

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0206

3 N

eglig

ence

rela

ted

to d

rivin

g a

vehi

cle

Bodily

harm or poten

tial for bodily

harm due to n

egligent, reckl

ess or care

less behaviou

r while in con

trol of a vehic

le. - Neglig

ent as defined

in footnote 48.

- Reckl

ess as defined

in footnote 54.

- Vehic

le as defined in

footnote 49.

+ In

clus

ions

: Negligent dr

iving or opera

tion of a vehic

le; driving and

texting;

negligence rel

ated to the du

ty to exercise c

are while ope

rating a moto

r vehicle

; hit and run c

ausing bodily

injury -

Excl

usio

ns: Crimi

nal negligence

of pilots, boat

captains and

other profess

ional operato

rs of vehicles (

02062); opera

ting a vehicle u

nder the

influence of ps

ychoactive su

bstances (020

72); causing t

he death of a

person

by negligent d

riving (010321

); apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0206

0206

9 Oth

er a

cts o

f neg

ligen

ce

Bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily harm f

rom negligent

, reckless

or careless be

havior not des

cribed or clas

sified in categ

ories 02061

- 02063.

- Negligent as d

efined in footn

ote 48.

- Reckless as d

efined in footn

ote 54.

+ In

clus

ions

: Failure to off

er aid to an in

jured person;

negligent pede

strian offence

s -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0206

0207

Dan

gero

us a

cts

Bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily harm c

aused by a per

son’s dangero

us behaviour

or act carried

out with the k

nowledge that

the act has po

tential to caus

e harm.72

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 02071 - 020

79 -

Excl

usio

ns: Dange

rous acts or be

haviour causi

ng death (01)

; bodily harm

caused by a ne

gligent act (02

06) 02

071 Ac

ts th

at e

ndan

ger h

ealth

Endang

ering health a

nd/or having t

he potential to

endanger hea

lth as a res

ult of a dange

rous act.73

- Dangerous as

defined in foo

tnote 72.

+ In

clus

ions

: Adulteration

of food or med

icine74 ; sale of

noxious food

or drink;

unlawful proc

urement, sale o

r distribution

of glue, solven

ts or other

substances wit

h the potentia

l to abuse by in

toxication; cri

minal transmi

ssion of HIV/

AIDS -

Excl

usio

ns: Harm

ing the health

of a person th

rough neglect o

f professional

duty (0

2062); forgin

g medicine an

d prescription

goods (07022

); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 0207

0207

2 O

pera

ting

a ve

hicl

e un

der t

he in

fluen

ce o

f ps

ycho

activ

e su

bsta

nces

Operat

ing a vehicle u

nder the influe

nce of psychoa

ctive substanc

es or othe

r controlled d

rugs and causi

ng bodily harm

or the potent

ial for bod

ily harm to a pe

rson. - Psych

oactive substa

nce as defined

in footnote 98

. - Vehic

le as defined in

footnote 49.

+ In

clus

ions

: Causing inju

ry while drivin

g or operating

a vehicle unde

r the influen

ce of alcohol o

r drugs; apply

all inclusions

listed in 0207

21 - 020729

- Ex

clus

ions

: Causing dea

th by operatin

g a vehicle un

der the influen

ce of psycho

active substan

ces (010321);

non-injurious

traffic violatio

ns (0907);

Unlawful acts

involving con

trolled drugs

or precursors

(0601); joyrid

ing or other i

llegal use of a

motor vehicle

(050212); ne

gligence relate

d to operating

a vehicle

(02063); app

ly all exclusion

s listed in 020

7

72

A dange

rous

act

, at minimum,

is an act or beh

aviour that is

able or likely

to inflict injury

or harm.

73 H

ealt

h, at minimum

, is the state o

f being free fr

om illness or i

njury. 74

Adu

lter

atio

n of

food

or

med

icin

e means to ma

ke impure in o

rder to give a

false impressio

n or value or t

o hide defects

, by the additio

n of a foreign,

inferior or ine

rt substance t

o food, or by t

he exclusi

on or remova

l of a valuable

or necessary in

gredient of foo

d. (Food and A

griculture Org

anization. Per

spectives and

guidelines on

food legislatio

n, with a new

model food la

w Page 209. R

ome, Italy. 2

005. Web: <ht

tp://www.fao

.org/fileadmin

/user_upload/

legal/docs/ls8

7-e.pdf>.).

46

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0207

21

Ope

ratin

g a

vehi

cle

unde

r the

influ

ence

of

alco

hol

Operating a ve

hicle under th

e influence of a

lcohol and

causing bodily

harm or the po

tential for bod

ily harm to a

person.

- Vehicle as de

fined in footno

te 49. +

Incl

usio

ns: Drivin

g under the in

fluence of alco

hol; causing an

accident

under the influ

ence of alcoho

l -

Excl

usio

ns: Unlaw

ful acts involv

ing alcohol (06

02); apply all

exclusions

listed in 0207

2 02

0722

O

pera

ting

a ve

hicl

e un

der t

he in

fluen

ce o

f ill

icit

drug

s Operat

ing a vehicle u

nder the influe

nce of illicit dr

ugs and

causing bodily

harm or the po

tential for bod

ily harm to a

person.

- Illicit drugs a

s defined in fo

otnote 98.

- Vehicle as de

fined in footno

te 49. +

Incl

usio

ns: Drivin

g under the in

fluence of illic

it drugs; caus

ing an acciden

t under t

he influence of

illicit drugs

- Ex

clus

ions

: Unlawful acts

involving con

trolled drugs

or precursors

(0601);

apply all exclu

sions listed in

02072

0207

29

Ope

ratin

g a

vehi

cle

unde

r the

influ

ence

of

othe

r psy

choa

ctiv

e su

bsta

nces

Operat

ing a vehicle u

nder the influe

nce of other ps

ychoactive

substances and

causing bodil

y harm or pot

ential for bod

ily harm t

o a person.

- Psychoactive

substance as

defined in foot

note 98.

- Vehicle as de

fined in footno

te 49.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Acts involvin

g controlled d

rugs or other p

sycho-active

substances no

t amounting to

operating a ve

hicle (06); app

ly all exclusion

s listed i

n 02072

0207

9 O

ther

dan

gero

us a

cts

Bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily harm d

ue to dangero

us behavi

our or act not

described or

classified in ca

tegories 0207

1 - 02072.

- Dange

rous as define

d in footnote 7

2. +

Incl

usio

ns: Settin

g mantraps

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0207

0208

Acts

inte

nded

to in

duce

fear

or e

mot

iona

l dis

tres

s

Fear or emotio

nal distress ca

used by a per

son’s behavio

ur or act.

- Emotional d

istress, at min

imum, is men

tal or psycholo

gical pain.

+ In

clus

ions

: Bullying; cyb

er-bullying; n

on-sexual har

assment; persi

stently

calling a perso

n; apply all in

clusions listed

in 02081 - 02

089 -

Excl

usio

ns: Acts r

elated to expr

essions of con

trolled social

beliefs and

norms (08032

); intentional r

emark, action

or communica

tion (spoken o

r otherw

ise) by a pers

on which harm

s another pers

on’s reputatio

n, respect,

confidence in w

hich a person i

s held, or indu

ces hostile or d

isagreeable

opinions or fee

lings (0209)

47

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0208

1 Hara

ssm

ent

Acts that hara

ss or are inten

ded to harass

a person.75

+ In

clus

ions

: Harassment;

sharing offen

sive material; a

pply all inclus

ions listed i

n 020811 - 02

0819 -

Excl

usio

ns: Sexua

l harassment

(030122); dem

anding a parti

cular course o

f action

through the u

se of force, thr

eat, intimidati

on, threat to r

eveal compro

mising inform

ation, or threa

t of defamatio

n (0205); assa

ult and

threats (0201

); communicati

on intended to

hurt a person

’s reputation (

0209);

apply all exclu

sions listed in

0208 02

0811

Ha

rass

men

t in

the

wor

kpla

ce

Harassment b

y a colleague,

supervisor or

other co-work

er in a work

environment

or related to e

mployment.

- Harassment

as defined in fo

otnote 75.

+ In

clus

ions

: Workplace h

arassment; mo

bbing in the w

orkplace; bull

ying in

the workplace

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0208

1 02

0819

O

ther

har

assm

ent

Harassment b

y a person no

t in a work env

ironment and

unrelated to e

mployment.

- Harassment

as defined in fo

otnote 75.

+ In

clus

ions

: Mobbing or b

ullying outsid

e the work pla

ce; menacing p

hone calls no

t amounting to

stalking; priva

te nuisance; a

cts causing ala

rm or distres

s -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0208

1 02

082

Stal

king

Unwan

ted communica

tion, following

or watching a

person.

+ In

clus

ions

: Cyber-stalkin

g; stalking

- Ex

clus

ions

: Stalking of a

sexual nature

(030122); un

lawful and

unwarranted i

ntrusion upon

the privacy of

a person (02

11); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 0208

0208

9 Oth

er a

cts i

nten

ded

to in

duce

fear

or e

mot

iona

l di

stre

ss

Fear or emotio

nal distress fr

om behaviour

or act that is n

ot describ

ed or classifie

d in categories

02081 - 0208

2. +

Incl

usio

ns: Psych

ological violen

ce -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0208

0209

Def

amat

ion

or in

sult

Intentional re

mark, action o

r communicati

on (spoken or

otherwise) by

a person

which harms

another perso

n’s reputation

, respect, conf

idence in whi

ch a person is

held, o

r induces host

ile or disagree

able opinions

or feelings.

+ In

clus

ions

: Slander; libe

l; insult; calum

ny; traduceme

nt; apply all in

clusions

listed 02091 -

02099 -

Excl

usio

ns: Threa

t of defamatio

n or insult for

demanding a

particular

course of acti

on (0205); im

proper behav

iour without t

he intent to ha

rm a person

’s reputation (

0208)

75

Har

assm

ent, at mi

nimum, is imp

roper behavio

ur directed at

and which is

offensive to a

person by ano

ther person w

ho reasonably

knew the beh

aviour was off

ensive. This in

cludes objecti

onable or

unacceptable

conduct that d

emeans, belitt

les or causes p

ersonal humil

iation or emba

rrassment to a

n individual. (

Unite

d N

atio

ns. P

olic

y on

Pre

vent

ion

of H

aras

smen

t. Web:

<http://www

.un.org/wome

nwatch/osagi/

UN_system_po

licies/(FAO)Po

licy_on_the_pr

evention_of_ha

rassment.pdf>

.).

48

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0209

1 Defa

mat

ion

or in

sult

due

to th

e vi

ctim

’s

char

acte

ristic

s or a

scrib

ed a

ttrib

utes

Defama

tion or insult

based on the v

ictim’s charac

teristics or

ascribed attrib

utes.76

- Defamation o

r insult as des

cribed in 0209

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Sland

er; libel; insul

t; calumny; trad

ucement

- Ex

clus

ions

: Threat of def

amation or ins

ult for a partic

ular course of

deman

d (0205); imp

roper behavio

ur without the

intent to harm

a person’s

reputation (0

208) 02

092

Defa

mat

ion

or in

sult

due

to th

e vi

ctim

’s a

scrib

ed

belie

fs o

r val

ues

Defamation or

insult based o

n the victim’s

ascribed beli

efs or values.

77 - Defam

ation or insult

as described

in 0209.

+ In

clus

ions

: Insult or defa

mation based

on religion, po

litical views, s

ocial views o

r economic vie

ws

- Ex

clus

ions

: Crimes in wh

ich the beliefs

and values of

the victim are

a motiva

ting factor are

identified wit

h the motive ta

g; unlawful di

stinction,

exclusion, res

triction, or pre

ference based

on beliefs or v

alues (0210);

apply all excl

usions listed i

n 0209

0209

9 Oth

er d

efam

atio

n or

insu

lt Defama

tion or insult

not described

or classified i

n categories

02091 - 02092

. - Defam

ation or insult

as described

in 0209.

+ In

clus

ions

: Slander, libe

l, insult, calum

ny, traduceme

nt when the b

asis for

defamation or

insult is not r

ecorded; defa

mation or insu

lt to honour an

d dignity

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0209

0210

Dis

crim

inat

ion

Distinction, ex

clusion, restric

tion, unlawful

treatment or p

reference base

d on a person

’s or group’s r

ace, colour, ag

e, sex, languag

e, religion, op

inion, descent

or nationa

l or ethnic orig

in which disco

urages or pre

vents equal re

cognition,

enjoyment or e

xercise of hum

an rights and

fundamental fr

eedoms in the

political,

economic, soci

al, cultural or

any other fiel

d of public life

.78 +

Incl

usio

ns: Perso

nal discrimin

ation, group d

iscrimination,

discrimination

based o

n ascribed be

liefs and value

s or ascribed a

ttributes and

characteristic

s; apply all incl

usions listed i

n 02101 - 021

09 -

Excl

usio

ns: Acts r

elated to freed

om or control

of expression

(0803)

0210

1 Pers

onal

dis

crim

inat

ion

Discrimination

and unlawful

treatment infl

icted upon a p

erson. - Discri

mination as de

fined in 0210.

+ In

clus

ions

: Employmen

t discriminatio

n, wage discrim

ination, housin

g discrim

ination agains

t a person

- Ex

clus

ions

: Group discrim

ination (0210

2)

76

Cha

ract

eris

tics

and

attr

ibut

es, at min

imum, include

sex, gender, s

exual orientat

ion, age, langu

age, ethnic orig

in, disability a

nd/or race.

77 B

elie

fs o

r va

lues

, at minimum,

include religio

us beliefs, poli

tical views, an

d/or economic

and social vie

ws. 78

United Nation

s. Interna

tiona

l Con

vent

ion

on th

e El

imin

atio

n of

All

Form

s of R

acia

l Disc

rim

inat

ion. 1969

. Web: <http:/

/www.ohchr.

org/EN/Profe

ssionalInteres

t/Pages/CERD

.asp&xgt;>.

49

SECT

ION

02

ACT

S CA

USI

NG

HARM

OR

INTE

NDI

NG

TO C

AUSE

HAR

M T

O T

HE P

ERSO

N

0210

2 G

roup

dis

crim

inat

ion

Discrim

ination and un

lawful treatm

ent inflicted u

pon a group o

f person

s as a collectiv

e. - Discri

mination as de

fined in 0210.

+ In

clus

ions

: Employmen

t discriminatio

n, wage discrim

ination, housin

g discrim

ination agains

t a group; grou

p discriminati

on based on ge

nder, sex,

age, disability,

race, sexual o

rientation, rel

igion, political

views, social

views or

economic view

s -

Excl

usio

ns: Acts r

elated to freed

om or control

of expression

of a group

(0803); perso

nal discrimin

ation (02101)

0210

9 Oth

er d

iscr

imin

atio

n Discrim

ination and un

lawful treatm

ent not descri

bed or classifi

ed in cate

gories 02101

- 02102.

- Discriminatio

n as defined in

0210. +

Incl

usio

ns: Encou

raging others

to practice dis

crimination a

gainst a perso

n or grou

p -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0210

0211

Acts

that

tres

pass

aga

inst

the

pers

on

Unlawful and

unwarranted

intrusion of t

he privacy or

other rights o

f a person.79

+

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0211

1 - 02119

- Ex

clus

ions

: Invasion of c

omputer data

or computer s

ystems that is

not an

intrusion upo

n a person’s p

rivacy (0903)

; unwanted fo

llowing, watch

ing or commu

nication of a p

erson by anoth

er person (02

082); invasio

n of sexual

privacy or oth

er acts of a se

xual nature (0

3); trespassing

on property (

0509) 02

111 In

vasi

on o

f priv

acy

Invasion or int

rusion of priv

acy. - Priva

cy as defined

in footnote 79.

+ In

clus

ions

: Violation of p

rivacy; violati

on of secrecy

of mail; phone

tapping;

invasion of so

litude or priva

te concerns; in

vasion of priv

ate computer f

iles; interfe

ring with mail

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0211

0211

9 O

ther

act

s tha

t tre

spas

s aga

inst

the

pers

on

Unlawful and

unwarranted i

ntrusion of the

privacy or oth

er rights

of a person no

t described or

classified in 0

2111. - Priva

cy as defined

in footnote 79.

+ In

clus

ions

: Mutilation o

f a dead body;

trafficking in b

ody parts not

amoun

ting to TIP for

organ or tissu

e removal; de

struction of a

grave; unlaw

ful use of a

dead body; gr

ave digging

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0211

0219

Oth

er a

cts c

ausi

ng h

arm

or i

nten

ding

to c

ause

har

m to

th

e pe

rson

Acts th

at cause harm

or intend to c

ause harm to a

person not de

scribed or clas

sified in cate

gories 0201 -

0211. +

Incl

usio

ns: Maltr

eatment throu

gh physical ab

use or mental

cruelty

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0201-0211

79 Privac

y, at minimum

, is the individ

ual autonomy

of a person or

state of being

free from bei

ng observed or

disturbed by o

ther people.

50

SECT

ION

03

INJU

RIO

US

ACTS

OF

A SE

XUAL

NAT

URE

0301

Sexu

al V

iole

nce

Unwanted sex

ual act, attem

pt to obtain a s

exual act, or c

ontact or com

munication

with unwanted

sexual attenti

on without val

id consent or w

ith consent as

a result of

intimidation, f

orce, fraud, co

ercion, threat

, deception, us

e of drugs or a

lcohol, or

abuse of powe

r or of a posit

ion of vulnerab

ility. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0301

1 - 03012

-

Excl

usio

ns: Acts o

f abuse of a po

sition of vulne

rability, power

or trust, or

use of force or

threat of forc

e, for profiting

monetarily, s

ocially or poli

tically from th

e prostitution

or sexual acts

of a person (0

302); coercion

(0205);

prostitution o

ffences, porno

graphy offenc

es and other a

cts against pu

blic order s

exual standar

ds such as ince

st not amount

ing to rape an

d exhibit

ionism (0802

); assaults and

threats (0201

); slavery and

exploitation

not amountin

g to injurious

acts of a sexua

l nature (0203

); TIP for sexu

al exploit

ation (02041)

; harassment

and stalking (0

208) 03

011 Ra

pe

Sexual penetr

ation without

valid consent o

r with consen

t as a result o

f intimidation

, force, fraud,

coercion, threa

t, deception, us

e of drug

s or alcohol, a

buse of power

or of a positio

n of vulnerabi

lity, or the g

iving or receiv

ing of benefits

.80 +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0301

11 - 030119

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0301

0301

11

Rape

with

forc

e Sexual

penetration w

ithout valid co

nsent inflicted

upon a

person with fo

rce. - Sexua

l penetration

as defined in fo

otnote 80.

+ In

clus

ions

: Sexual penet

ration with ph

ysical force

- Ex

clus

ions

: Statutory ra

pe (030113); a

pply all exclus

ions listed in 0

3011 03

0112

Ra

pe w

ithou

t for

ce

Sexual penetr

ation without

valid consent i

nflicted upon a

person

without force.

- Sexua

l penetration

as defined in fo

otnote 80.

+ In

clus

ions

: Deception to

procure sex; d

rug-facilitated

rape; non-con

sensual

sexual penetr

ation without

physical force

- Ex

clus

ions

: Statutory ra

pe (030113); a

pply all exclus

ions listed in 0

3011 03

0113

St

atut

ory

rape

Sexual

penetration w

ith or without

consent with a

person

below the age

of consent, or

with a person

incapable of

consent by rea

son of law.

- Sexual penet

ration as defin

ed in footnote

80. +

Incl

usio

ns: Sexua

l intercourse w

ith a person be

low the age of

consent;

sexual interco

urse with a pe

rson incapabl

e of consent

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 03011

80 S

exua

l pen

etra

tion

, at minimum,

is the penetrat

ion of the vulv

a, anus or mou

th with any bo

dy part or obje

ct.

51

SECT

ION

03

INJU

RIO

US

ACTS

OF

A SE

XUAL

NAT

URE

0301

19

Oth

er ra

pe

Rape not desc

ribed or classi

fied in categor

ies 030111 -

030113.

- Rape as defin

ed in 03011.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 03011

0301

2 Sexu

al a

ssau

lt Unwan

ted sexual act

, attempt to ob

tain a sexual a

ct, or contact

or commu

nication with

unwanted sex

ual attention n

ot amounting

to rape. - Rape

as defined in 0

3011. +

Incl

usio

ns: Drug-

facilitated sex

ual assault; se

xual harassme

nt; sexual

assault comm

itted against a

marital partn

er against her

/his will; sexu

al assault

against a help

less person; a

pply all inclus

ions listed in 0

30121 -

030129

- Ex

clus

ions

: Rape (03011

); apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0301

0301

21

Phys

ical

sexu

al a

ssau

lt Sexual

assault with p

hysical contac

t of a person.

- Sexual assau

lt as defined in

03012.

+ In

clus

ions

: Drug-facilita

ted sexual ass

ault; unwanted

groping or fon

dling; sexual

assault by abu

se of position

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 03012

0301

22

Non

-phy

sica

l sex

ual a

ssau

lt Sexual

assault withou

t physical con

tact of a perso

n - Sexua

l assault as de

fined in 03012

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Sexua

l harassment,

threat of a se

xual nature

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 03012

0301

29

Oth

er se

xual

ass

ault

not e

lsew

here

cla

ssifi

ed

Sexual assault

that is not de

scribed or clas

sified in categ

ories 030121

- 030122.

- Sexual assau

lt as defined in

03012.

+ In

clus

ions

: Voyeurism81

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 03012

0301

9 Oth

er a

cts o

f sex

ual v

iole

nce

Sexual violenc

e not describe

d or classified

in categories

03011 -

03012.

- Sexual violen

ce as defined

in 0301.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0301

81 V

oyeu

rism

is obtaining s

exual gratifica

tion by observ

ing unsuspect

ing individual

s who are part

ly undressed,

naked or enga

ged in sexual

acts.

52

SECT

ION

03

INJU

RIO

US

ACTS

OF

A SE

XUAL

NAT

URE

0302

Sexu

al e

xplo

itatio

n

Acts of abuse

of a position o

f vulnerability

, power or trus

t, or use of for

ce or threat

of force, for pr

ofiting financi

ally, physically

, socially or po

litically from t

he prostit

ution or sexua

l acts of a pers

on.82

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 03021 - 030

29 -

Excl

usio

ns: Rape

(03011); sexu

al violence (03

01); prostitut

ion offences,

pornography o

ffences and ot

her acts again

st public orde

r sexual stand

ards such as

incest and exh

ibitionism (08

02); abuse of f

unction (0703

3); assaults

and threats (0

201); slavery

and exploitatio

n not amount

ing to injuriou

s acts of a sex

ual nature (02

03); TIP for se

xual exploitat

ion (02041); h

arassment

and stalking (0

207); status o

ffences (1102

1) 03

021 Se

xual

exp

loita

tion

of a

dults

Sexual

exploitation o

f an adult.

- Sexual explo

itation as defi

ned in 0302.

+ In

clus

ions

: Recruiting, e

nticing or pro

curing a perso

n into prostitu

tion; pimpin

g; keeping, ma

naging or kno

wingly financ

ing a brothel;

knowingly

letting or rent

ing a building

or other plac

e for the purpo

se of the prost

itution

of others

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0302

0302

2 Sexu

al e

xplo

itatio

n of

chi

ldre

n Sexual

exploitation o

f a child.

- Sexual explo

itation as defi

ned in 0302.

- Child as defin

ed in national

legislation.

+ In

clus

ions

: Possession o

f child pornog

raphy, creatin

g child porno

graphy,

recruiting, en

ticing, procur

ing a child into

prostitution; p

imping; keepi

ng, manag

ing or knowing

ly financing a b

rothel for chil

d prostitution

; knowingly

letting or rent

ing a building

or other plac

e for the purpo

se of the prost

itution

of children; ap

ply all inclusi

ons listed in 0

30221 - 03022

9 -

Excl

usio

ns: Statu

tory rape (030

113); apply al

l exclusions lis

ted in 0302

0302

21

Child

por

nogr

aphy

Procur

ing, arranging

, facilitating o

r controlling a

child for the

purposes of cr

eating child p

ornography a

nd/or possessi

ng, dissem

inating, broad

casting, transm

itting, exhibitin

g or selling

child pornogr

aphy.83

- Child as defin

ed in national

legislation.

+ In

clus

ions

: Possession o

f child pornog

raphy; sharing

child pornogr

aphy; creatin

g child porno

graphy; down

loading child p

ornography, p

rocuring sexua

l images

or other form

s of child abus

e materials fr

om children

- Ex

clus

ions

: Pornography

offences (080

22); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 03022

82 P

rost

itut

ion, at m

inimum, is the

exchange of m

oney or other

forms of remu

neration for se

xual activities

. 83

Chi

ld p

orno

grap

hy, at min

imum, is visua

l representati

on or depictio

n of a child en

gaged in sexua

lly explicit co

nduct, a real p

erson appeari

ng to be a chil

d involved or

engaged in sex

ually explicit

conduct, or re

alistic images

of a non-exist

ent child invo

lved in sexual

ly explicit con

duct. (Article 2

0 of the Counc

il of Europe C

onvention on

the Protection

of Children ag

ainst Sexual E

xploitation an

d Sexual

Abuse).

53

SECT

ION

03

INJU

RIO

US

ACTS

OF

A SE

XUAL

NAT

URE

0302

22

Child

pro

stitu

tion

Recruiting, en

ticing and/or p

rocuring a chil

d into prostitu

tion or proc

uring the sexu

al services of

a child prostit

ute.84 - Prost

itution as defi

ned in footno

te 82. - Child

as defined in n

ational legisla

tion. +

Incl

usio

ns: Payin

g for the sexua

l services of a

child, recruitin

g, enticing or

procuring a ch

ild into prostit

ution; pimping

, keeping, man

aging or know

ingly financi

ng a brothel fo

r child prostit

ution; knowing

ly letting or re

nting a

building or oth

er place for th

e purpose of ch

ild prostitutio

n -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0302

2 03

0223

Se

xual

gro

omin

g of

child

ren

Making contac

t with a child f

ollowed by m

aterial acts lea

ding to a me

eting for sexua

l purposes.85

- Child as defin

ed in national

legislation.

+ In

clus

ions

: Cyber-groom

ing; making co

ntact with a ch

ild through the

interne

t and exposin

g them to sexu

ally explicit ma

terial; making c

ontact with

a child in pers

on to expose t

hem gradually

to sexually exp

licit material

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0302

0302

29

Oth

er se

xual

exp

loita

tion

of c

hild

ren

Sexual exploit

ation of childr

en not describ

ed or classifie

d in categor

ies 030221 - 0

30223.

- Sexual explo

itation as defi

ned in 0302.

- Child as defin

ed in national

legislation.

+ In

clus

ions

: Gross indece

ncy with a chil

d; luring a chil

d; forcing a ch

ild to witnes

s a sexual act o

r to view porn

ography; child

sex tourism86

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 03022

0302

9 Oth

er a

cts o

f sex

ual e

xplo

itatio

n Sexual

exploitation n

ot described o

r classified in

categories 030

21 - 03022

. - Sexua

l exploitation

as defined in

0302. +

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0302

0309

Oth

er in

jurio

us a

cts o

f a se

xual

nat

ure

Injurious acts

of a sexual na

ture not descr

ibed or classif

ied in categori

es 0301 -

0302. +

-

Excl

usio

ns: Sexua

l violence (030

1); sexual exp

loitation (030

2); coercion

(0203); prosti

tution offence

s, pornograph

y offences and

other acts aga

inst public

order sexual s

tandards such

as incest and

exhibitionism

(0802); abus

e of func

tion (07033);

assaults and

threats (0201

); slavery and

exploitation n

ot amoun

ting to injurio

us acts of a se

xual nature (0

203); TIP for s

exual exploit

ation (02041)

; harassment

and stalking (0

207); apply al

l exclusions

listed in 0301

- 0302

84 Article

3(1) I (b) of t

he 2000 UN O

ptional Protoc

ol to the Conv

ention on the

Rights of the C

hild on the sal

e of children, c

hild prostitut

ion and child p

ornography.

85 Counc

il of Europe "S

exual violence

against childr

en - The Europ

ean legislative

framework and

outline of Cou

ncil of Europe

conventions a

nd European

Union policy."

, Page 63. Web

: <http:/

/www.coe.int

/t/dg3/childr

en/1in5/Sour

ce/Publication

SexualViolenc

e/Ruelle.pdf>

. 86

Chi

ld s

ex to

uris

m is the c

ommercial sex

ual exploitatio

n of children b

y persons who

travel from o

ne place to an

other and ther

e engage in sex

ual acts with

children. (UNI

CEF, Commerc

ial Sexual

Exploitation o

f Children (CSE

C) and Child S

exual Abuse (C

SA) in the Paci

fic: A regional

report. Suva, F

iji, 2006. Web

: http://www

.unicef.org/ea

pro/Pacific_CS

EC_report.pdf

).

54

SECT

ION

04

ACTS

AGA

INST

PRO

PERT

Y IN

VOLV

ING

VIO

LEN

CE O

R TH

REAT

AGA

INST

A P

ERSO

N

0401

Robb

ery

Unlawfully tak

ing or obtainin

g property wit

h the use of fo

rce or threat o

f force against

a person with

intent to perm

anently or tem

porarily withh

old it from a

person or org

anization.

+

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

with violence

; banditry; dac

oity; apply all

inclusions list

ed in 0401

1 - 04019

- Ex

clus

ions

: Burglary, the

ft and other ac

ts only agains

t property (05

); assault

s and threats

(0201); posse

ssion of stolen

goods or mon

ey; receiving,

handlin

g, disposing, se

lling or traffick

ing stolen goo

ds; using stolen

parts for

producing oth

er goods; conc

ealment of sto

len goods (070

4); property d

amage

(0504); kidna

pping (02022)

; demanding a

particular cou

rse of action th

rough a writt

en or verbal th

reat (02051)

0401

1

Robb

ery

from

the

pers

on

Robbery of pe

rsonal proper

ty by direct co

ntact with the

victim.87

- Robbery as d

efined in 0401

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0401

11 - 040119

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0401

0401

11

Robb

ery

from

the

pers

on in

a p

ublic

loca

tion

Robbery of pe

rsonal proper

ty from a pers

on in a public

locatio

n.88 - Robbe

ry as defined

in 0401.

- Personal pro

perty as defin

ed in footnote

87. +

Incl

usio

ns: Stree

t robbery; mug

ging; bag snat

ching with forc

e -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0401

1 04

0112

Ro

bber

y fr

om th

e pe

rson

in a

priv

ate

loca

tion

Robbery of pe

rsonal proper

ty from a pers

on in a privat

e locatio

n.89 - Robbe

ry as defined

in 0401.

- Personal pro

perty as defin

ed in footnote

87. +

Incl

usio

ns: Force

or threat of fo

rce used to ste

al during the co

urse of a

residential bur

glary -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0401

1 04

0119

O

ther

robb

ery

from

the

pers

on

Robbery from

the person no

t described or

classified in

categories 040

111 - 040112.

- Robbe

ry as defined

in 0401.

+ In

clus

ions

: Robbery fro

m a person in

miscellaneou

s locations

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 04011

87 P

erso

nal p

rope

rty, at m

inimum, is any

asset of a pers

on other than

real estate.

88 P

ublic

loca

tion, at m

inimum, is a lo

cation that is

open and acce

ssible to every

one. 89

Pri

vate

loca

tion

, at minimum,

is a place that

is exclusively

used for perso

nal purposes o

r private gath

erings and wh

ere the public

does not have

free access.

55

SECT

ION

04

ACTS

AGA

INST

PRO

PERT

Y IN

VOLV

ING

VIO

LEN

CE O

R TH

REAT

AGA

INST

A P

ERSO

N

0401

2 Robb

ery

of v

alua

bles

or g

oods

in tr

ansit

Robber

y of property i

n transit.

-Robbery as d

efined in 0401

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0401

21 - 040122

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0401

0401

21

Robb

ery

of a

car

or v

ehic

le

Robbery of a v

ehicle in trans

it from the pe

rson operating

the vehicle

or its passeng

ers. - Robbe

ry as defined

in 0401.

- Vehicle as de

fined in footno

te 49. +

Incl

usio

ns: Carja

cking; robbery

of property in

a vehicle in tra

nsit; taxi

robbery; robb

ery of a securi

ty van; robber

y in or from a

railway

- Ex

clus

ions

: Theft of a m

otorized vehic

le or parts ther

eof (05021); a

pply all

exclusions list

ed in 04012

0401

29

Oth

er ro

bber

y of

val

uabl

es o

r goo

ds in

tran

sit

Robbery of val

uables or good

s in transit no

t described or

classifi

ed by 040121.

- Robbe

ry as defined

in 0401.

+ In

clus

ions

: Robbery of c

argo on highw

ays -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0401

2 04

013 Ro

bber

y of

an

esta

blis

hmen

t or i

nstit

utio

n Robber

y of an establi

shment or ins

titution.

- Robbery as d

efined in 0401

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0401

31 - 040132

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0401

0401

31

Robb

ery

of a

fina

ncia

l ins

titut

ion

Robbery of a fi

nancial institu

tion. 90

- Robbery as d

efined in 0401

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Robb

ery of a bank;

robbery of an

ATM -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0401

3 04

0132

Ro

bber

y of

a n

on-fi

nanc

ial i

nstit

utio

n Robber

y of a non-fina

ncial institutio

n. - Finan

cial institution

as defined in

footnote 90.

- Robbery as d

efined in 0401

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Robb

ery of a post o

ffice; robbery o

f petrol/gas s

tation; robber

y of a bu

siness; shop r

obbery

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 04013

90 F

inan

cial

inst

itut

ion,

at minimum,

is a public or p

rivate establis

hment that foc

uses on dealin

g with financi

al transactions

, including inv

estments, loan

s and deposits

.

56

SECT

ION

04

ACTS

AGA

INST

PRO

PERT

Y IN

VOLV

ING

VIO

LEN

CE O

R TH

REAT

AGA

INST

A P

ERSO

N

0401

4 Robb

ery

of li

vest

ock

Robbery of liv

estock from it

s caretaker.91

- Robb

ery as defined

in 0401.

+ In

clus

ions

: Robbery of c

attle, goats, sh

eep, chickens

or other livest

ock; cattle r

ustling

- Ex

clus

ions

: Theft of live

stock (05025)

; Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0401

0401

9 Oth

er a

cts o

f rob

bery

Acts of

robbery not d

escribed or cla

ssified in cate

gories 04011

- 04014.

- Robb

ery as defined

in 0401.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0401.

0409

Oth

er a

cts a

gain

st p

rope

rty

invo

lvin

g vi

olen

ce o

r thr

eat

agai

nst a

per

son

Acts against p

roperty involv

ing violence o

r threat again

st a person no

t described or

classifi

ed in 0401.

+ In

clus

ions

: Plundering/p

illaging from a

n unspecified

location; looti

ng -

Excl

usio

ns: Prope

rty damage (05

04); burglary,

theft and othe

r acts against

property (05)

; assaults and

threats (0201

); possession

of stolen good

s or money

; receiving, ha

ndling, dispos

ing, selling or

trafficking sto

len goods;

using stolen p

arts for produ

cing other goo

ds; concealme

nt of stolen go

ods (0704)

; robbery (040

1); kidnapping

or taking a ho

stage (02022)

; apply all

exclusions list

ed in 0401

91 L

ives

tock

, at minimum,

are domesticat

ed animals use

d for food, fibr

e and labour a

nd includes co

ws, sheep, chic

kens, pigs, hor

ses, and other

species. (Unit

ed Nations. Fo

od and Agricu

lture Organi

zation. Livest

ock Statistics.

Web: <www.f

ao.org/.../eufa

o.../SUA_FBS_

Workshop_Ba

ckground_Liv

estockStatics>

.).

57

SECT

ION

05

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

ROPE

RTY

ON

LY

0501

Burg

lary

Gaining unauth

orized access

to a part of a b

uilding/dwell

ing or other pr

emises with

or without the

use of force a

gainst the bui

lding/dwelling

, with intent t

o commit

theft or when

actually comm

itting theft.

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

+

Incl

usio

ns: Break

ing and enterin

g; unlawful en

try with inten

t to commit

theft; access b

y deception wi

th intent to com

mit theft; appl

y all inclusion

s listed i

n 05011 - 050

19

-

Excl

usio

ns: Unlaw

fully taking or

obtaining pro

perty with the

intent to

permanently o

r temporarily

deprive it fro

m a person or

organization

without

consent and w

ithout the use

of force, threa

t of force or v

iolence, coerci

on or decept

ion (0502); po

ssession of sto

len goods or m

oney; receivin

g, handling,

disposing, sell

ing or trafficki

ng stolen goo

ds; using stolen

parts for prod

ucing other g

oods; concealm

ent of stolen g

oods (0704); p

roperty damag

e (0504);

unlawfully tak

ing or obtainin

g property dire

ctly from a pe

rson with the

intent to perm

anently or tem

porarily withh

old it from a p

erson or organ

ization with

the use of forc

e or threat of f

orce (0401)

0501

1 Burg

lary

of b

usin

ess p

rem

ises

Burgla

ry of business

premises.92

- Burglary as d

efined in 0501

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Break

ing and enteri

ng business p

remises; ram

raiding; unlaw

ful entry i

nto a business

with intent to

commit theft

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0501

0501

2 Burg

lary

of p

rivat

e re

siden

tial p

rem

ises

Burgla

ry of private re

sidential prem

ises.93 - Burgl

ary as defined

in 0501.

+ In

clus

ions

: Breaking and

entering of res

idential premi

ses; unlawful

entry into re

sidential prem

ises with inten

t to commit the

ft; breaking, en

tering and

stealing from

residential pr

emises; theft b

y burglary of a

dwelling; bur

glary of

a shed/garage

belonging to a

private resid

ential premise

; housebreakin

g -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0501

0501

21

Burg

lary

of p

erm

anen

t priv

ate

resi

denc

es

Burglary of pr

ivate residenti

al premises wh

ere the victim

s are acc

ustomed to liv

ing most of th

e time during

the course of

a year.

- Burglary as d

efined in 0501

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Burgl

ary of a house,

apartment or o

ther dwelling t

hat is the

habitual place

of residence of

the victim

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0501

92 B

usin

ess

prem

ises

, at minimum,

is the structur

e or land on w

hich a commer

cial or industr

ial enterprise

is located and

includes offic

e buildings, sh

ops, clubs, ban

ks, factories, s

ervice station

s, hotels,

malls, retail s

tores, farm lan

d, warehouses

and other lan

d or buildings

. 93

Pri

vate

res

iden

tial

pre

mis

es, at min

imum, is real

estate owned

, rented, or lea

sed by a perso

n.

58

SECT

ION

05

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

ROPE

RTY

ON

LY

0501

22

Burg

lary

of n

on-p

erm

anen

t priv

ate

resi

denc

es

Burglary of pr

ivate residenti

al premises wh

ere the victim

s live on

ly temporarily

during the cou

rse of a year.

- Burglary as d

efined in 0501

.

+ In

clus

ions

: Burglary of s

ummerhouses

, burglary of se

condary house

s, breakin

g, entering an

d stealing fro

m hotel room

s or other temp

orarily rented

premis

es -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0501

0501

3 Burg

lary

of p

ublic

pre

mis

es

Burglary of pu

blic premises.9

4 - Burgl

ary as defined

in 0501.

+ In

clus

ions

: Breaking and

entering publi

c premises; un

lawful entry i

nto public

property with

intent to com

mit an offence

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0501

0501

9 Oth

er a

cts o

f bur

glar

y Acts of

burglary not d

escribed or cla

ssified in cate

gories 05011

- 05013.

- Burgl

ary as defined

in 0501.

+ In

clus

ions

: Burglary of m

obile homes; b

urglary of prem

ises that canno

t be identifi

ed as public, p

rivate or busin

ess premises

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0501

0502

Thef

t Unlawf

ully taking or o

btaining of pro

perty with the

intent to perm

anently withho

ld it from

a person or o

rganization wi

thout consent

and without

the use of forc

e, threat

of force or viol

ence, coercion

or deception.

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 05021 - 050

29

- Ex

clus

ions

: Possession o

f stolen goods

or money; rec

eiving, handli

ng, disposi

ng, selling or t

rafficking stol

en goods; usin

g stolen parts f

or producing

other goods; c

oncealment of s

tolen goods (0

704); obtainin

g money or oth

er benefit

or evading a

liability throug

h deceit or dis

honest condu

ct (0701);

robbery (0401

); property da

mage (0504);

theft after un

authorized ac

cess to

premises (050

1); theft of int

ellectual prop

erty (0503); i

dentity theft (

07019)

0502

1 Th

eft o

f a m

otor

ized

veh

icle

or p

arts

ther

eof

Theft of a mot

orized vehicle

or parts of a m

otorized of ve

hicle.95

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

- Motorized ve

hicle as define

d in footnote 9

5. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0502

11 - 050219

- Ex

clus

ions

: Robbery of a

car or vehicle

(040121); ap

ply all exclusi

ons listed

in 0502

94 P

ublic

pre

mis

es, at min

imum, are pro

perty that is o

wned, rented

or leased by t

he Governmen

t or other publ

ic bodies.

95 M

otor

ized

vehicle mean

s all self-prop

elled vehicles

that are prope

lled by an eng

ine or a motor

, including car

s, motorcycles

, boats and air

craft. Moto

rize

d la

nd vehicl

e means all lan

d vehicles wit

h an engine th

at run on the r

oad, including

cars, motorcyc

les, buses, lorr

ies, constructi

on and agricu

ltural vehicles

. Part

s of a

veh

icle

are any elem

ent or replacem

ent element s

pecifically desi

gned for a veh

icle and essent

ial to its opera

tion, including

engines, trans

missions, tires

and windows

.

59

SECT

ION

05

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

ROPE

RTY

ON

LY

0502

11

Thef

t of a

mot

oriz

ed la

nd v

ehic

le

Theft of a mot

orized land ve

hicle. - Theft

as defined in

0502. - Motor

ized land vehic

le as defined in

footnote 95.

+ In

clus

ions

: Larceny of a

car, van or tru

ck; theft of a m

otorcycle

- Ex

clus

ions

: Illegal use of

a motor vehic

le (050212); t

heft of parts o

f a motor

vehicle (0502

13); theft of p

ersonal prope

rty from a moto

r vehicle (050

221); apply a

ll exclusions li

sted in 05021

0502

12

Illeg

al u

se o

f a m

otor

ized

land

veh

icle

Unlawf

ully taking or o

btaining a mot

orized land ve

hicle with

the intent to te

mporarily dep

rive it from a p

erson or

organization w

ithout consen

t and without

the use of forc

e, threat

of force or viol

ence, coercion

or deception.

- Motor

ized land vehic

le as defined in

footnote 95.

+ In

clus

ions

: Joyriding

- Ex

clus

ions

: Unlawfully ta

king or obtain

ing a motor ve

hicle with the

intent to perm

anently depriv

e (050211); th

eft of parts of

a motor vehic

le (050213);

theft of boats,

planes and oth

er vehicles (05

0219); theft o

f personal pro

perty from a

motor vehicle

(050221); ap

ply all exclusi

ons listed in 0

5021 05

0213

Th

eft o

f par

ts o

f a m

otor

ized

land

veh

icle

Theft o

f parts of a mo

torized land v

ehicle. - Theft

as defined in

0502. - Parts

as defined in fo

otnote 95.

- Motorized lan

d vehicle as de

fined in footno

te 95. +

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

of car tires, m

otors, transmi

ssion, windows

, etc. -

Excl

usio

ns: Sipho

ning oil or fue

l or the theft o

f personal pro

perty from a

motor vehicle

(050221); ap

ply all exclusi

ons listed in 0

5021 05

0219

O

ther

thef

t of a

mot

oriz

ed v

ehic

le o

r par

ts

ther

eof

Theft of a mot

orized vehicle

or parts of a m

otorized vehic

le not des

cribed or clas

sified in categ

ories 050211

- 050213.

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

- Motorized ve

hicle as define

d in footnote 9

5.

+ In

clus

ions

: Theft of boa

t or aircraft; t

heft of boat or

aircraft parts

- Ex

clus

ions

: Siphoning oi

l or fuel or the

theft of perso

nal property f

rom a motori

zed vehicle (05

0222); hijacki

ng cars and ai

rcraft (020223

); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 05021

0502

2 Th

eft o

f per

sona

l pro

pert

y

Theft of perso

nal property.

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

- Personal pro

perty as defin

ed in footnote

87. +

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

where entry w

as lawfully ga

ined; apply al

l inclusions

listed in 0502

21 - 050229

- Ex

clus

ions

: Theft of a m

otorized land

vehicle or mot

orized land ve

hicle parts (

05021); theft o

f business pro

perty (05023)

; theft of public

property

(05024); theft

of livestock (

05025); theft o

f pets (05025)

; apply all exc

lusions

listed in 0502

60

SECT

ION

05

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

ROPE

RTY

ON

LY

0502

21

Thef

t of p

erso

nal p

rope

rty

from

a p

erso

n Theft o

f personal pro

perty carried

on a person.

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

- Personal pro

perty as defin

ed in footnote

87. +

Incl

usio

ns: Pick p

ocketing; bag s

natching not a

mounting to r

obbery

- Ex

clus

ions

: Theft of a bi

cycle (050229)

; apply all exc

lusions listed

in 05022

0502

22

Thef

t of p

erso

nal p

rope

rty

from

a v

ehic

le

Theft of perso

nal property f

rom a vehicle.

- Theft

as defined in

0502. - Vehic

le as defined in

footnote 49.

- Personal pro

perty as defin

ed in footnote

87. +

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

of a purse fro

m a vehicle; th

eft of an elect

ronic device

from a vehicle

; theft of a GPS

device; sipho

ning gas or oil

-

Excl

usio

ns: Theft

of motorized

land vehicle p

arts (050213)

; apply all

exclusions list

ed in 05022

0502

29

Oth

er th

eft o

f per

sona

l pro

pert

y Theft o

f personal pro

perty not desc

ribed or classi

fied in categor

ies 050221 - 0

50222.

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

- Personal pro

perty as defin

ed in footnote

87. +

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

without break

ing and enterin

g; theft of prop

erty outside

the dwelling;

theft from gar

ages or sheds

and lock-ups w

ith no connect

ing door to

a dwelling; th

eft of a bicycle

; theft of a pet

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 05022

0502

3 Th

eft o

f bus

ines

s pro

pert

y

Theft of mova

ble property t

hat is not a veh

icle from a bu

siness.

- Movable pro

perty is any a

sset other than

real estate.

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

- Vehicle as de

fined in footno

te 49. +

Incl

usio

ns: Dine

and dash; leav

ing without pa

yment; theft b

y employees;

apply all inclu

sions listed in

050231 - 050

239 -

Excl

usio

ns: Burgl

ary of a busine

ss premises (05

011); robbery

of an establi

shment or ins

titution (0401

3); theft of pu

blic property (

05024); theft o

f private

property (050

22); theft of li

vestock (0502

5); theft of a v

ehicle or parts

thereo

f (05021); app

ly all exclusion

s listed in 050

2 05

0231

Th

eft f

rom

a sh

op

Theft of busin

ess property f

rom retail pre

mises. - Theft

as defined in

0502. +

Incl

usio

ns: Shopl

ifting; theft of

merchandise f

rom a shop

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 05023

0502

39

Oth

er th

eft o

f bus

ines

s pro

pert

y Theft o

f business pro

perty from pr

emises that ar

e not retail

premises.

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

+ In

clus

ions

: Theft of bus

iness/office su

pplies by an e

mployee; theft

from a

vending mach

ine; theft from

hotels, restau

rants, cinemas

, theatres, plac

es of enterta

inment, offices

, workshops

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 05023

61

SECT

ION

05

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

ROPE

RTY

ON

LY

0502

4 Th

eft o

f pub

lic p

rope

rty

Theft o

f any movable

public proper

ty that is not a

vehicle.96

- Theft as defi

ned in 0502.

- Vehicle as de

fined in footno

te 49. +

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

of public prop

erty; theft of p

ublic park equ

ipment

- Ex

clus

ions

: Theft of elec

tric power, wat

er or other ut

ility services (

05026);

robbery of an

establishmen

t or institution

(04013); the

ft of a vehicle o

r parts

thereof (0502

1); theft of pr

ivate property

(05022); the

ft of business

property

(05023); theft

of livestock (

05025); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0502

0502

5 Th

eft o

f liv

esto

ck

Theft of livest

ock. - Theft

as defined in

0502. - Livest

ock as defined

in footnote 91

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

of cows, chick

en, sheep, fish

, etc. -

Excl

usio

ns: Robb

ery of livestoc

k (04014); th

eft of pets (05

0229); apply

all exclusi

ons listed in 0

502 05

026

Thef

t of s

ervi

ces

Theft of servic

es. -Theft

as defined in 0

502. +

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

of electric pow

er, water or o

ther utility se

rvices; theft o

f televis

ion/cable signa

ls; fare evasio

n; avoiding pa

yment for ser

vices -

Excl

usio

ns: Fraud

(0701); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0502

0502

9 O

ther

act

s of t

heft

Theft o

f property not

described or

classified in ca

tegories 0502

1 - 05026.

- Theft

as defined in

0502. +

Incl

usio

ns: Theft

of mail; theft

by conversion

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0502

0503

Inte

llect

ual p

rope

rty

offe

nces

Unlawf

ul copying, usi

ng, reproducin

g or other infri

ngements of c

opyrights, pate

nts, tradem

arks or other i

ntellectual pr

operty.97

+ In

clus

ions

: Intellectual p

roperty theft; c

opyright infri

ngements; un

lawful approp

riation of cop

yright; compu

ter software p

iracy; industr

ial espionage

not amountin

g to forgery or

counterfeiting

-

Excl

usio

ns: Creat

ing, manufactu

ring, passing o

r possessing c

ounterfeit

trademarked,

patented, licen

sed or otherw

ise protected

products (070

22); theft (0

502); possessi

on of stolen go

ods or money

; receiving, ha

ndling,

disposing, sell

ing or trafficki

ng stolen goo

ds; using stolen

parts for prod

ucing other g

oods; concealm

ent of stolen g

oods (0704); i

dentity theft (

07019);

forgery/count

erfeiting (0702

); acts against

computer sys

tems not amo

unting to pira

cy of computer

software (090

3)

96

Pub

lic p

rope

rty is pro

perty owned b

y the Governm

ent other than

real estate.

97 In

telle

ctua

l pro

pert

y is defined, a

t minimum, as

inventions; lit

erary and arti

stic work; and

symbols, imag

es and names

used in comm

erce. (World In

tellectual Prop

erty Organizat

ion. Basic

Definitions. G

eneva, Switze

rland: Web: <ht

tp://www.wi

po.int/about-

ip/en/studies

/publications/

ip_definitions

.htm>.).

Patent

is defined as a

n exclusive rig

ht granted for

an invention,

which is a pr

oduct or a pro

cess that prov

ides a new way

of doing some

thing, or offers

a new technic

al solution to a

problem. (Wo

rld Intellec

tual Property

Organization

. Basic De

finiti

ons. Gene

va, Switzerlan

d: Web: <http

://www.wipo

.int/about-ip/

en/studies/p

ublications/ip

_definitions.h

tm>.). Copy

righ

t is defined as

a legal term d

escribing righ

ts given to crea

tors for their l

iterary and ar

tistic work. (W

orld Intellectu

al Property Or

ganization. Ba

sic D

efin

ition

s. Geneva, Swi

tzerland: Web

: <http:/

/www.wipo.i

nt/about-ip/e

n/studies/pu

blications/ip_d

efinitions.htm

>.). Trad

emar

k is defined a

s a distinctive

sign that iden

tifies certain go

ods or service

s as those prod

uced or provi

ded by a spec

ific person or

enterprise. (W

orld Intellectu

al Property Or

ganization. Ba

sic Definit

ions. Geneva,

Switzerland: ,

Web: <http://

www.wipo.int/

about-ip/en/

studies/public

ations/ip_defi

nitions.htm>.)

.

62

SECT

ION

05

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

ROPE

RTY

ON

LY

0504

Prop

erty

dam

age

Willful destru

ction, damage

or defacemen

t of property.

+

Incl

usio

ns: Arson

; property dam

age by explosi

on; vandalism

; graffiti;

sabotage not

amounting to

dangerous or

negligent act;

illegal inundat

ion; sabota

ge not amoun

ting to a dang

erous or neglig

ent act; hit an

d run causing

proper

ty damage, wi

lful damage to a

motor vehicle

; apply all incl

usions listed

in 05041 - 050

49 -

Excl

usio

ns: Break

ing and enterin

g property (05

01); damaging

computer

systems or co

mputer data is

coded as an a

ct against com

puter systems

(0903)

; killing or hur

ting animals (

10091); dama

ge against the

environment

(10) 05

041

Dam

age

of p

ublic

pro

pert

y

Intentional de

struction, dam

age or defacem

ent of public p

roperty.

- Public proper

ty as defined in

footnote 96.

+ In

clus

ions

: Destruction

of governmen

t facilities; ph

ysical damage

to public

property in sc

hools -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

in 0504

0504

2 Da

mag

e of

per

sona

l pro

pert

y

Intentional de

struction, dam

age or defacem

ent of persona

l proper

ty. +

Incl

usio

ns: Destr

uction of a pri

vate dwelling;

damage to pe

rsonal proper

ty -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

in 0504

0504

3 Da

mag

e of

bus

ines

s pro

pert

y

Intentional de

struction, dam

age or defacem

ent of business

proper

ty. +

Incl

usio

ns: Destr

uction of busi

ness property

; damage to b

usiness proper

ty -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

in 05042

0504

9 O

ther

dam

age

of p

rope

rty

Intenti

onal destructi

on, damage or

defacement of p

roperty not

described or c

lassified in cat

egories 05041

- 05043.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions in 050

4 05

09 O

ther

act

s aga

inst

pro

pert

y on

ly

Acts against p

roperty only n

ot described o

r classified in

categories 050

1 - 0504.

+ In

clus

ions

: Unlawful app

ropriation of p

roperty; squat

ting; unlawful

acquisition of

housing or lan

d; criminal tre

spass; forcible

entry and

occupation

- Ex

clus

ions

: Property dam

age (0504); Da

maging compu

ter systems (0

903); damag

e against the e

nvironment (

10); apply all

exclusions in 0

501 - 0504

63

SECT

ION

06

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

CON

TRO

LLED

DRU

GS O

R O

THER

PSY

CHO

ACTI

VE S

UBS

TAN

CES

0601

Unl

awfu

l act

s inv

olvi

ng c

ontr

olle

d dr

ugs o

r pre

curs

ors

Unlawful hand

ling, possessio

n, purchase, u

se, trafficking

, cultivation o

r production

of controlled d

rugs or precur

sors for perso

nal consumpti

on and for non

-personal

consumption.9

8 +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0601

1 - 06019

- Ex

clus

ions

: Operating a v

ehicle under th

e influence of p

sychoactive

substances (02

072); causing

death by driv

ing under the i

nfluence of dru

gs or alcoho

l (010321)

0601

1 Unl

awfu

l pos

sess

ion,

pur

chas

e, u

se, c

ultiv

atio

n or

pr

oduc

tion

of c

ontr

olle

d dr

ugs f

or p

erso

nal

cons

umpt

ion

Unlawful poss

ession, purcha

se, use, cultiv

ation or produ

ction of

controlled dru

gs for persona

l consumption

. - Contr

olled drugs as

defined in foo

tnote 98.

+ In

clus

ions

: Drug posses

sion; drug use

; drug cultivati

on for persona

l consum

ption; apply al

l inclusions lis

ted in 060111

- 060112

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0601

0601

11

Unl

awfu

l pos

sess

ion,

pur

chas

e or

use

of

cont

rolle

d dr

ugs f

or p

erso

nal c

onsu

mpt

ion

Unlawful poss

ession, purcha

se or use of co

ntrolled drugs

for person

al consumptio

n. - Contr

olled drugs as

defined in foo

tnote 98.

+ In

clus

ions

: Drug posses

sion; drug use

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0601

1 06

0112

U

nlaw

ful c

ultiv

atio

n or

pro

duct

ion

of

cont

rolle

d dr

ugs f

or p

erso

nal c

onsu

mpt

ion

Unlawful culti

vation, produ

ction manufac

ture, extractio

n or prepar

ation of contr

olled drugs fo

r personal con

sumption.

- Controlled d

rugs as define

d in footnote 9

8. +

Incl

usio

ns: Drug

cultivation for

personal cons

umption

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 06011

98 C

ontr

olle

d dr

ugs

are narcotic d

rugs and psych

otropic substa

nces schedule

d as such und

er the 1961 S

ingle Convent

ion on Narcot

ic Drugs, as am

ended, and th

e 1971 Conve

ntion on Psych

otropic

Substances.

Pre

curs

ors are su

bstances freq

uently used in

the illicit man

ufacture of na

rcotic drugs an

d psychotropic

substances as

defined in the

1988 Convent

ion against Illi

cit Traffic in N

arcotic Drugs

and Psycho

tropic Substan

ces.

64

SECT

ION

06

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

CON

TRO

LLED

DRU

GS O

R O

THER

PSY

CHO

ACTI

VE S

UBS

TAN

CES

0601

2 Unl

awfu

l tra

ffick

ing,

cul

tivat

ion

or p

rodu

ctio

n of

co

ntro

lled

drug

s or p

recu

rsor

s not

for p

erso

nal

cons

umpt

ion

Unlawful offer

ing, offering fo

r sale, distribu

tion, sale, deliv

ery, broker

age, dispatch,

dispatch in tra

nsit, transport

, importation,

exportation, c

ultivation, pro

duction, manu

facture, extrac

tion or

preparation o

f controlled d

rugs or precur

sors not in con

nection

with the use o

r possession o

f drugs for per

sonal consum

ption. - Contr

olled drugs as

defined in foo

tnote 98.

- Precursors a

s defined in fo

otnote 98.

+ In

clus

ions

: Drug cultiva

tion not for pe

rsonal consum

ption; drug

production; dr

ug trafficking

; apply all incl

usions listed i

n 060121 - 06

0129

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0601

0601

21

Unl

awfu

l tra

ffic

king

of c

ontr

olle

d dr

ugs n

ot fo

r pe

rson

al c

onsu

mpt

ion

Unlawful offer

ing, offering fo

r sale, distribu

tion, sale,

delivery, brok

erage, dispatc

h, dispatch in

transit, transp

ort, import

ation or expor

tation of contr

olled drugs or

precursors

not in connect

ion with the u

se or possessi

on of drugs fo

r person

al consumptio

n. - Contr

olled drugs as

defined in foo

tnote 98.

+ In

clus

ions

: Drug dealing

, drug trafficki

ng; drug push

ing, retail selli

ng of drugs t

hrough use of

the internet; o

rganizing, sup

ervising or ma

naging a drug

-distrib

ution enterpri

se; importatio

n/exportation

of illicit drug

s; selling,

offering for sa

le, distributin

g, marketing, a

dvertising of i

llicit drugs or

precursors; fa

cilitating a dru

g-trafficking o

peration

- Ex

clus

ions

: Import/expo

rt offences (08

042); customs

offences (080

41); apply a

ll exclusions li

sted in 06012

0601

22

Unl

awfu

l man

ufac

ture

of c

ontr

olle

d dr

ugs n

ot

for p

erso

nal c

onsu

mpt

ion

Unlawful prod

uction, manuf

acture, extrac

tion or prepar

ation of cont

rolled drugs no

t in connection

with the use o

r posses

sion of drugs

for personal c

onsumption.

- Controlled d

rugs as define

d in footnote 9

8. +

Incl

usio

ns: Illicit

manufacture

of controlled d

rugs; illicit co

oking of

controlled dru

gs; illicit manu

facture of drug

s in clandestin

e laboratories

-

Excl

usio

ns: Unlaw

ful cultivation

or production

of controlled

drugs for

personal cons

umption (060

112); apply al

l exclusions lis

ted in 06012

0601

23

Unl

awfu

l cul

tivat

ion

of c

ontr

olle

d dr

ugs n

ot fo

r pe

rson

al c

onsu

mpt

ion

Unlawful culti

vation of cont

rolled drugs no

t in connection

with th

e use or posse

ssion of drugs

for personal

consumption.

- Controlled d

rugs as define

d in footnote 9

8. +

Incl

usio

ns: Drug

cultivation no

t for personal

consumption

- Ex

clus

ions

: Unlawful cult

ivation or pro

duction of con

trolled drugs

for person

al consumptio

n (060112); a

pply all exclus

ions listed in 0

6012

65

SECT

ION

06

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

CON

TRO

LLED

DRU

GS O

R O

THER

PSY

CHO

ACTI

VE S

UBS

TAN

CES

0601

24

Unl

awfu

l div

ersi

on o

f pre

curs

ors n

ot fo

r pe

rson

al c

onsu

mpt

ion

Unlawful man

ufacture, trans

port or distrib

ution of

precursors no

t in connection

with the use o

r possession o

f drugs f

or personal co

nsumption.

- Precursors a

s defined in fo

otnote 98.

+ In

clus

ions

: Unlawful dive

rsion of precu

rsor chemicals

; trafficking in

precur

sor chemicals

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 06012

0601

29

Oth

er u

nlaw

ful t

raffi

ckin

g, c

ultiv

atio

n or

pr

oduc

tion

of c

ontr

olle

d dr

ugs o

r pre

curs

ors

not f

or p

erso

nal c

onsu

mpt

ion

Other unlawfu

l trafficking, cu

ltivation or pr

oduction of

controlled dru

gs or precurso

rs not for pers

onal consump

tion not des

cribed or clas

sified in categ

ories 060121

- 060124.

- Controlled d

rugs as define

d in footnote 9

8. - Precu

rsors as defin

ed in footnote

98.

+ In

clus

ions

: Trafficking o

f equipment fo

r the illicit ma

nufacture, pro

duction

or cultivation

of controlled d

rugs -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0601

2 06

019

Oth

er u

nlaw

ful a

cts i

nvol

ving

con

trol

led

drug

s or

prec

urso

rs

Unlawful hand

ling, possessio

n or use of con

trolled drugs

or precur

sors for perso

nal consumpti

on and for non

-personal

consumption n

ot described o

r classified in

categories 060

11 - 06012.

- Contr

olled drugs as

defined in foo

tnote 98.

- Precursors a

s defined in fo

otnote 98.

+ In

clus

ions

: Issuing, hand

ling or dealing

in forged or a

ltered prescrip

tions; illicit a

cts involving d

rug paraphern

alia; encourag

ing the consum

ption of

controlled dru

gs; unlawful ad

vertising of con

trolled substa

nces -

Excl

usio

ns: Impo

rt/export offen

ces (08042); c

ustoms offenc

es (08041);

apply all exclu

sions listed in

0601 06

02 U

nlaw

ful a

cts i

nvol

ving

alc

ohol

, tob

acco

or o

ther

co

ntro

lled

subs

tanc

es

Unlawful hand

ling, possessio

n or use of alc

ohol or tobacc

o products or

other contro

lled substanc

es for persona

l consumption

and for non-p

ersonal

consumption.

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 06021 - 060

29 -

Excl

usio

ns: Opera

ting a vehicle u

nder the influe

nce of psychoa

ctive substan

ces (02072); d

rinking or smo

king age violat

ions or selling

alcohol or

tobacco to a m

inor (11021);

causing death

by driving und

er the influenc

e of drugs o

r alcohol (010

321); import/

export offenc

es (08042); cu

stoms offences

(08041

)

66

SECT

ION

06

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

CON

TRO

LLED

DRU

GS O

R O

THER

PSY

CHO

ACTI

VE S

UBS

TAN

CES

0602

1 U

nlaw

ful p

rodu

ctio

n, h

andl

ing,

pos

sess

ion

or u

se

of a

lcoh

ol p

rodu

cts

Unlawful hand

ling, possessio

n, use, produc

tion, traffickin

g or distrib

ution of alcoh

ol products fo

r personal con

sumption and

for non-pe

rsonal consum

ption. +

Incl

usio

ns: Illega

l brewing of a

lcohol; illegal

distilling of a

lcohol;

moonshining;

giving alcoho

l to an intoxic

ated person; a

pply all inclus

ions listed i

n 060211 - 06

0219 -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0602

0602

11

Unl

awfu

l pos

sess

ion

or u

se o

f alc

ohol

pro

duct

s Unlawf

ul possession

or use of alcoh

ol products fo

r personal

consumption.

+ In

clus

ions

: Unlawful pos

session, use or

consumption o

f alcohol prod

ucts -

Excl

usio

ns: Drink

ing age violati

ons or selling

alcohol to a m

inor (11021);

apply a

ll exclusions li

sted 06021

0602

12

Unl

awfu

l pro

duct

ion,

traf

ficki

ng o

r dis

trib

utio

n of

alc

ohol

pro

duct

s Unlawf

ul production,

sale, distribu

tion, delivery,

brokerage,

dispatch, disp

atch in transit

, transport, im

portation or

exportation o

f alcohol prod

ucts not for pe

rsonal consum

ption. +

Incl

usio

ns: Crimi

nal violation o

f restrictions

on the procur

ement of alcoh

ol produc

ts; criminal vio

lation of restri

ctions on the

distribution/s

elling of

alcohol produ

cts -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0602

1 06

0219

O

ther

unl

awfu

l pro

duct

ion,

han

dlin

g,

poss

essi

on o

r use

of a

lcoh

ol p

rodu

cts

Unlawful hand

ling, possessio

n, use, produc

tion, traffickin

g or distrib

ution of alcoh

ol products fo

r personal con

sumption

and for non-pe

rsonal consum

ption not desc

ribed or classi

fied in cate

gories 060211

- 060219.

+ In

clus

ions

: Unlawful pro

motion or adv

ertising of alc

ohol products

; encour

aging the unla

wful consump

tion of alcoho

l -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0602

1 06

022

Unl

awfu

l pro

duct

ion,

han

dlin

g, p

osse

ssio

n or

use

of

toba

cco

prod

ucts

Unlawf

ul handling, po

ssession, use,

production, tr

afficking or

distribution o

f tobacco prod

ucts for perso

nal consumpti

on and for

non-personal

consumption.

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 060221 - 06

0229 -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0602

67

SECT

ION

06

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

CON

TRO

LLED

DRU

GS O

R O

THER

PSY

CHO

ACTI

VE S

UBS

TAN

CES

0602

21

Unl

awfu

l pos

sess

ion

or u

se o

f tob

acco

pro

duct

s Unlawf

ul possession

or use of toba

cco products f

or personal

consumption.

+ In

clus

ions

: Possession, u

se or consump

tion of tobacco

products in

prohibited loc

ations; smoki

ng on aircrafts

-

Excl

usio

ns: Smok

ing or tobacco

-chewing age

violations or s

elling tobacco

produc

ts to a minor (1

1021); apply

all exclusions

in 06022

0602

22

Unl

awfu

l pro

duct

ion,

traf

ficki

ng o

r dis

trib

utio

n of

toba

cco

prod

ucts

Unlawf

ul production,

sale, distribu

tion, delivery,

brokerage,

dispatch, disp

atch in transit

, transport, im

portation or

exportation o

f tobacco prod

ucts not for pe

rsonal consum

ption. +

Incl

usio

ns: Crimi

nal violation o

f restrictions

on the procur

ement of toba

cco produc

ts; criminal vio

lation of restri

ctions on the

distribution/s

elling of

tobacco produ

cts -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0602

2 06

0229

O

ther

unl

awfu

l pro

duct

ion,

han

dlin

g,

poss

essi

on o

r use

of t

obac

co p

rodu

cts

Unlawful hand

ling, possessio

n, use, produc

tion, traffickin

g or distrib

ution of tobac

co products fo

r personal con

sumption

and for non-pe

rsonal consum

ption not desc

ribed or classi

fied in cate

gories 060221

- 060222.

+ In

clus

ions

: Unlawful pro

motion or adv

ertising of toba

cco products;

encouraging t

he unlawful us

e of tobacco pr

oducts

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 06022

0602

9 O

ther

unl

awfu

l act

s inv

olvi

ng a

lcoh

ol, t

obac

co o

r ot

her c

ontr

olle

d su

bsta

nces

Unlawf

ul handling, po

ssession or us

e of alcohol, to

bacco product

s or othe

r controlled su

bstances for pe

rsonal consum

ption and for

non-personal

consumption n

ot described o

r classified in

categories

06021 - 06022

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Dopin

g using contro

lled substances

; providing or c

onsuming

medicinal or o

ther illegal pr

oducts used t

o improve per

formance in sp

ort; encour

aging others to

dope; trading

of medicinal o

r other contro

lled substan

ces -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0602

1 - 06022

0609

Oth

er a

cts i

nvol

ving

con

trol

led

drug

s or o

ther

ps

ycho

activ

e su

bsta

nces

Acts in

volving contro

lled drugs or o

ther psychoac

tive substanc

es not describe

d or classifi

ed in categorie

s 0601 - 0602

. - Contr

olled drugs as

defined in foo

tnote 98.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Operating a v

ehicle under th

e influence of p

sychoactive

substances (02

072); drinking

or smoking ag

e violations or

selling alcoho

l or tobacco

to a minor (1

1021); causin

g death by driv

ing under the i

nfluence of

drugs or alcoh

ol (010321); i

mport/export

offences (804

2); customs o

ffences

(08041); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0601

- 0602

68

SECT

ION

07

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

FRAU

D, D

ECEP

TIO

N O

R CO

RRU

PTIO

N

0701

Frau

d

Obtaining mo

ney or other b

enefit, or evad

ing a liability

through decei

t or dishonest

conduc

t. +

Incl

usio

ns: Mortg

age fraud, fina

ncial fraud, qu

ackery, imper

sonation,

identity theft;

possession, cr

eation or use

of false weigh

ts for measure

; apply

all inclusions

listed in 0701

1 - 07019

- Ex

clus

ions

: Obtaining m

oney without

dishonest con

duct but with i

ntent to

withhold it fro

m the owner (

0502); fraudu

lent insolvenc

y, insider trad

ing and

other acts aga

inst commerc

ial financial re

gulations (080

42); electoral f

raud (08079

); illicit enrich

ment (07035)

0701

1 Fina

ncia

l fra

ud

Fraud involvin

g financial tra

nsactions for t

he purpose of p

ersonal

gain. This incl

udes using fin

ancial consum

er products su

ch as bank

accounts, cred

it cards, chequ

es, store cards

or online ban

king system

s. - Fraud

as defined in

0701. +

Incl

usio

ns: Bank

fraud; investm

ent fraud; che

que/credit ca

rd fraud; store

card fr

aud; online ba

nking fraud; w

riting bad cheq

ues; apply all

inclusions

listed in 0701

11 - 070112

- Ex

clus

ions

: Financial tra

nsactions to co

nceal, transfer

or disguise th

e procee

ds of crime (07

041); embezzl

ement (07032

); apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0701

0701

11

Fina

ncia

l fra

ud a

gain

st th

e St

ate

Financial frau

d against the S

tate. - Finan

cial fraud as d

efined in 0701

1. +

Incl

usio

ns: Procu

rement and co

ntractor fraud

; false claims f

raud not

amounting to

medical fraud

-

Excl

usio

ns: Socia

l welfare and

tax fraud (080

41); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 0701

1 07

0112

Fi

nanc

ial f

raud

aga

inst

nat

ural

or l

egal

per

sons

Financ

ial fraud again

st natural or l

egal persons.9

9 - Finan

cial fraud as d

efined in 0701

1. +

Incl

usio

ns: Mortg

age fraud; sec

urities fraud; i

nvestment fra

ud; bank fraud

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0701

1 07

019

Oth

er a

cts o

f fra

ud

Fraud not desc

ribed or classi

fied in 07011.

- Fraud

as defined in

0701. +

Incl

usio

ns: Posse

ssion, creation

or use of false

weights for m

easure;

medical fraud

or quackery n

ot amounting

to malpractice

or medical

negligence; fra

udulent failur

e to supply con

sumer goods o

r obtaining go

ods by frau

d; false accoun

ting; hiding or

destroying m

oney; wire frau

d; insurance

fraud; unlicens

ed/unregister

ed practice in

a trade or pro

fession; identi

ty theft; f

alse represen

tation of identi

ty or professio

nal status; im

personation;

fraudulent pr

etence of mar

riage; setting u

p or operating

a pyramid sch

eme; swindl

ing -

Excl

usio

ns: Finan

cial transactio

ns to conceal, t

ransfer or disg

uise the

proceeds of cr

ime (07041); e

mbezzlement

(07032); illicit

enrichment

(07035); tax fr

aud (08041); a

pply all exclus

ions listed in 0

701

99

A n

atur

al p

erso

n is a human b

eing as disting

uished in law

from a legal p

erson.

A le

gal p

erso

n is a lawful as

sociation, cor

poration, partn

ership, propri

etorship, trust

or individual

that has the ca

pacity to ente

r into agreeme

nts or contract

s, assume oblig

ations and be

accoun

table for illega

l activities.

69

SECT

ION

07

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

FRAU

D, D

ECEP

TIO

N O

R CO

RRU

PTIO

N

0702

Forg

ery/

coun

terf

eitin

g

Creating, man

ufacturing, sel

ling, passing o

r possessing a

false imitation

of goods, or

an instrumen

t to create a fa

lse imitation o

f goods.

+ In

clus

ions

: Fraudulently

making or alt

ering goods, d

ocuments or c

urrency;

fraudulently m

aking, receivin

g, obtaining o

r possessing in

struments, art

icles, compu

ter programs

and other mea

ns of counterfe

iting; importing

, exporting,

transporting, r

eceiving or ob

taining counte

rfeit goods, cu

rrencies or

documents w

ith the knowle

dge that they a

re counterfeit;

apply all incl

usions listed i

n 07021 - 070

29 -

Excl

usio

ns: Creat

ing a false iden

tity or impers

onating a pers

on (07019);

using a forged

visa (0805); p

ossession, cre

ation or use o

f false weights

for measur

ement (07019

); unlawfully co

pying, using, r

eproducing or

other infring

ements inflicte

d upon copyri

ghts, patents, t

rademarks or o

ther intellec

tual property

(0503); smug

gling of goods

(08044)

0702

1 Coun

terf

eitin

g m

eans

of p

aym

ent

Creating, man

ufacturing, pa

ssing, using or

possessing co

unterfeit

means of pay

ment or an ins

trument to cre

ate a false imit

ation with

or without the

use of compu

ter systems.

+ In

clus

ions

: Counterfeiti

ng coins or no

tes; counterfei

ting stamps or

tickets;

possession of

an article for

the creation o

f counterfeit m

eans of payme

nt; counte

rfeit means of

payment othe

r than cash; ap

ply all inclusi

ons listed in

070211 - 0702

19 -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0702

0702

11

Coun

terf

eitin

g m

eans

of c

ash

paym

ent

Creating, man

ufacturing, pa

ssing, using or

possessing

counterfeit m

eans of cash p

ayment or an

instrument to c

reate a false

imitation with

or without the

use of compu

ter system

s.100 +

Incl

usio

ns: Fraud

ulently makin

g or altering n

otes and coins

; fraudulently

making

, receiving, ob

taining or pos

sessing instru

ments, article

s, computer

programs and

other means of

counterfeiting

or altering no

tes and coins;

importing, exp

orting, transp

orting, receiv

ing or obtainin

g counterfeit

notes and coi

ns with the kn

owledge that t

hey are counte

rfeit -

Excl

usio

ns: Count

erfeiting mean

s of non-cash

payment (070

219; financial

fraud (07011)

; acts involving

the proceeds

of crime (0704

); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 07021)

0702

12

Coun

terf

eitin

g m

eans

of n

on-c

ash

paym

ent

Creating, man

ufacturing, pa

ssing, using or

possessing

counterfeit m

eans of non-ca

sh payment or a

n instrument

to create

a false imitati

on with or with

out the use of

computer

systems.101

+ In

clus

ions

: Fraudulently

making or alt

ering non-cash

forms of paym

ent; fraudu

lently making, r

eceiving, obta

ining or posse

ssing instrume

nts, articles,

computer pro

grams and oth

er means of co

unterfeiting or

altering non-c

ash forms o

f payment; im

porting, expor

ting, transpor

ting, receiving

or obtaining

counterfeit no

n-cash payme

nt with the kn

owledge that i

t is counterfei

t -

Excl

usio

ns: Count

erfeiting mean

s of cash paym

ent (070211);

financial

fraud (07011)

; acts involving

the proceeds

of crime (0704

); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 07021

100 C

ash

paym

ent mean

s legally autho

rized notes an

d coins.

101 N

on-c

ash

paym

ent is a m

ethod of paym

ent that is not

notes or coins

, such as credi

t cards, chequ

es, virtual cur

rencies, and d

ebit cards.

70

SECT

ION

07

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

FRAU

D, D

ECEP

TIO

N O

R CO

RRU

PTIO

N

0702

2 Co

unte

rfei

t pro

duct

offe

nces

Creatin

g, manufactur

ing, selling, pa

ssing or posse

ssing counter

feit tradem

arked, patente

d, licensed, or

otherwise pro

tected produc

ts, or an in

strument to cr

eate a false im

itation of a pr

oduct. - Trade

mark and pate

nt as defined

in footnote 97.

+

Incl

usio

ns: Coun

terfeit produc

t offences (inc

luding bags, s

hoes, medicine

s and pr

escription goo

ds); possessio

n of an article

for the creatio

n of counte

rfeit goods or

instruments; co

unterfeit medi

cines; counter

feiting pharm

aceutical prod

ucts -

Excl

usio

ns: Adult

eration of med

icine (02071);

smuggling go

ods (08044);

intellectual pr

operty offenc

es (0503); app

ly all exclusion

s listed in 070

2 07

023 Ac

ts o

f for

gery

/cou

nter

feiti

ng d

ocum

ents

Creatin

g, manufactur

ing, selling, pa

ssing or posse

ssing a

counterfeit or

forged docum

ent, or an inst

rument to cre

ate a false

imitation of s

uch a docume

nt with or with

out the use of

computer

systems.

+ In

clus

ions

: Forging or c

ounterfeiting

documents; fo

rging or count

erfeiting

passports; for

ging a visa or c

reating a coun

terfeit visa; fo

rging signatur

es; fraudu

lently making, r

eceiving, obta

ining or posse

ssing instrume

nts, articles,

computer pro

grams and oth

er means of co

unterfeiting or

altering docu

ments;

importing, exp

orting, transp

orting, receiv

ing or obtainin

g counterfeit

documents w

ith the knowle

dge that they a

re counterfeit

- Ex

clus

ions

: Using forged

/counterfeit i

dentity docum

ents (0701); u

sing a forged/

counterfeit vi

sa or passpor

t to gain unlaw

ful entry into a

State (0805);

unlawf

ully copying, u

sing, reproduc

ing or other in

fringements of

copyrights,

patents, tradem

arks or other i

ntellectual pr

operty (0503

); apply all exc

lusions

listed in 0702

0702

9 O

ther

act

s of f

orge

ry/c

ount

erfe

iting

Creatin

g, manufactur

ing, passing, u

sing or posses

sing false good

s or an in

strument to cr

eate false goo

ds not describ

ed or classifie

d in categor

ies 07021 - 07

023. +

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0702

0703

Corr

uptio

n

Unlawful acts

as defined in th

e United Natio

ns Convention

against Corru

ption and

other national

and internati

onal legal inst

ruments again

st corruption

. 102 +

Incl

usio

ns: Active

and passive b

ribery of natio

nal public offic

ials; active an

d passive

bribery of for

eign public off

icials and offic

ials of public in

ternational

organizations;

active and pa

ssive bribery

in the private s

ector; apply al

l inclusi

ons listed in 0

7031 - 07039

- Ex

clus

ions

: A course of a

ction demand

ed from a pers

on by another

person

through the u

se of force, thr

eat, intimidati

on, threat to r

eveal compro

mising

information, o

r the threat of

defamation (

0205) 07

031 Br

iber

y Promis

ing, offering, g

iving, solicitin

g, or accepting

an undue

advantage to o

r from a publi

c official or a p

erson who dire

cts or works

in a private se

ctor entity, dir

ectly or indire

ctly, In order

that the per

son act or refr

ain from actin

g in the exerci

se of his or he

r official

duties.

+ In

clus

ions

: Bribery of na

tional public o

fficials, briber

y of foreign pu

blic official

s and officials

of public inte

rnational orga

nizations, brib

ery in the

private sector

; apply all incl

usions listed i

n 070311 - 07

0312 -

Excl

usio

ns: Askin

g or enticing a

nother to com

mit bribery by

the use of

force, threat, i

ntimidation, t

hreat to revea

l compromisin

g information

, or the

threat of defa

mation (0205

); apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0703

102 United Nati

ons Office on D

rugs and Crim

e. United

Nat

ions

Con

vent

ion

Agai

nst C

orru

ptio

n. Vienna, Aus

tria: , 2004. W

eb. <http:/

/www.unodc

.org/documen

ts/treaties/UN

CAC/Publicat

ions/Convent

ion/08-50026

_E.pdf>.

71

SECT

ION

07

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

FRAU

D, D

ECEP

TIO

N O

R CO

RRU

PTIO

N

0703

11

Activ

e br

iber

y Promis

ing, offering o

r giving, to a pu

blic official or

a person

who directs o

r works in a p

rivate sector e

ntity, directly

or indirec

tly, an undue

advantage in o

rder that the o

fficial act or

refrain from a

cting in the ex

ercise of his or

her official

duties.102

+ In

clus

ions

: Active briber

y of a public o

fficial; active b

ribery of a for

eign public

official and of

an official of a

public intern

ational organi

zation; active

bribery in the

private sector

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0703

1 07

0312

Pa

ssiv

e br

iber

y Solicita

tion or accept

ance by a publ

ic official or a

person who

directs or wor

ks in a private

sector entity,

directly or

indirectly, of a

n undue advan

tage in order

that the offici

al act or refra

in from acting

in the exercis

e of his or her

official

duties. 102

+ In

clus

ions

: Passive brib

ery of a public

official; passi

ve bribery of a

foreign

public official

and of an offi

cial of a public

international

organization;

passive

bribery of an o

fficial in the p

rivate sector

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 07031

0703

2 Em

bezz

lem

ent

Embezzlemen

t, misappropria

tion or divers

ion by a publi

c official

or a person w

ho directs or w

orks in a priva

te sector entity

of any

property, pub

lic or private f

unds or secur

ities or any ot

her thing of

value entruste

d to the public

official or per

son by virtue

of his or

her position.10

3

+ In

clus

ions

: Embezzleme

nt in the publi

c sector; embe

zzlement in th

e private

sector; misap

propriation; di

shonest conve

rsion -

Excl

usio

ns: Unlaw

fully taking m

oney or prope

rty that is not

entrusted to

one’s care or t

respassing to

take property

(05); fraud in

volving financ

ial transac

tions for the pu

rpose of perso

nal gain (070

11); apply all

exclusions

listed in 0703

0703

3 Abus

e of

func

tions

Perform

ance of or failu

re to perform a

n act, in violati

on of laws, by

a public offici

al in the disch

arge of his or

her functions

for the

purpose of ob

taining an und

ue advantage

for himself or

herself or

for another pe

rson or entity.

102 +

Incl

usio

ns: Abuse

of function; ne

potism; abuse

of authority; a

buse of public

office;

abuse of officia

l position.

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0703

0703

4 Tr

adin

g in

influ

ence

Promis

ing, offering o

r giving to a pu

blic official, or

solicitation or

accepta

nce by a publi

c official, direc

tly or indirectly

, of an undue

advantage in o

rder that the p

ublic official o

r the person a

buse his

or her real or

supposed inf

luence with a

view to obtai

ning an

undue advant

age. 102

+ In

clus

ions

: Trading in in

fluence

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0703

103 E

mbe

zzle

men

t, at minimum

, is fraudulentl

y taking mone

y or property

entrusted to o

ne’s care with

out permission

to one’s own

use. (United N

ations Office o

n Drugs and C

rime. United N

ations Conven

tion Against C

orruption. Vie

nna, Austria, 2

004. Web: <ht

tp://www.un

odc.org/docum

ents/treaties/

UNCAC/Public

ations/Conven

tion/08-50026

_E.pdf>.).

Misapp

ropr

iati

on, at min

imum, is the u

nlawful use of

money or pro

perty entruste

d to one’s care

without perm

ission to one’s

own use. (Un

ited Nations O

ffice on Drugs

and Crime. Un

ited Nations

Convention Ag

ainst Corrupt

ion. Vienna, Au

stria, 2004. W

eb: http://ww

w.unodc.org/d

ocuments/tre

aties/UNCAC/

Publications/C

onvention/08

-50026_E.pdf.)

.

72

SECT

ION

07

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

FRAU

D, D

ECEP

TIO

N O

R CO

RRU

PTIO

N

0703

5 Illic

it en

richm

ent

Procuring a si

gnificant incr

ease in the ass

ets of a public

or private

official which

cannot be rea

sonably expla

ined in relatio

n to their

lawful income

. 102 +

Incl

usio

ns: Illicit

enrichment

- Ex

clus

ions

: Fraud (0701

); apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0703

0703

9 O

ther

act

s of c

orru

ptio

n

Acts of corrup

tion not descr

ibed or classif

ied in categori

es 07031 -

07035.

- Corruption a

s defined in 0

703. +

Incl

usio

ns: Confl

ict of interest;

dishonest app

ropriation

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0703

0704

Acts

invo

lvin

g th

e pr

ocee

ds o

f crim

e

Receiving, han

dling or proce

ssing money o

r property der

ived from or ob

tained,

directly or indi

rectly, throug

h the commis

sion of an offe

nce. +

Incl

usio

ns: Posse

ssion of stolen

goods or mon

ey; apply all in

clusions listed

in 0704

1 - 07049

- Ex

clus

ions

: The commit

ted offence tha

t obtained the

property or m

oney is

not coded to th

is level.

0704

1 Mon

ey la

unde

ring

Conversion or

transfer of pro

perty, knowing

that such prop

erty is the pro

ceeds of crime

, for the purpo

se of concealin

g or disguising

the illic

it origin of su

ch property or

of helping any

person who is

involve

d in the comm

ission of the pr

edicate offenc

e to evade the

legal conseque

nces of his or

her actions, as

well as the co

ncealment

or disguise of

the true natur

e, source, loca

tion, dispositi

on, movem

ent or ownersh

ip of rights w

ith respect to t

he property.104

+ In

clus

ions

: The convers

ion or transfer

of property; ill

icit concealme

nt or disguis

e of property r

elated inform

ation; the illic

it acquisition,

possession or

use of l

aundered prop

erty; “self-laun

dering”; conc

ealment or con

tinued retenti

on of the proce

eds of crime.

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0704

0704

2 Ill

icit

traf

ficki

ng in

cul

tura

l pro

pert

y Unlawf

ul sale, distrib

ution, delivery

, brokerage, tr

ansport, impo

rt, export

or possession

of cultural pr

operty.105

+ In

clus

ions

: Illicit traffick

ing in cultural

property; cult

ural and artist

ic proper

ty offences not

amounting to

theft or proper

ty damage

- Ex

clus

ions

: The unlawfu

l taking of cult

ural property

(0502); impo

rt/export

offences (0804

2); customs o

ffences (0804

1); apply all ex

clusions listed

in 0704

104 United

Nations Office

on Drugs and

Crime. United

Nations Conv

ention Agains

t Transnationa

l Organized Cr

ime and the P

rotocols Ther

eto, Art.6. Ne

w York, NY., 2

004. Web:<h

ttps://www.u

nodc.org/doc

uments/treati

es/UNTOC/Pu

blications/TOC

Convention/T

OCebook-e.pdf

>.). 10

5 Cul

tura

l pro

pert

y, at minimum

, is property w

hich, on relig

ious or secula

r grounds, is s

pecifically de

signated by a

State Party as

being subject

to export con

trol by reason

of its import

ance for

archaeology,

prehistory, his

tory, literatur

e, art or scien

ce. (UNESCO. A

rticle 1 of the

1970 UNESC

O Convention

on the Means

of Prohibiting

and Preventin

g the Illicit Im

port, Export a

nd Transfer o

f Owner

ship of Cultur

al Property . W

eb: <http://w

ww.unesco.or

g/new/en/cu

lture/themes

/illicit-traffic-

of-cultural-pro

perty/1970-c

onvention>.).

73

SECT

ION

07

ACT

S IN

VOLV

ING

FRAU

D, D

ECEP

TIO

N O

R CO

RRU

PTIO

N

0704

9 Oth

er a

cts i

nvol

ving

the

proc

eeds

of c

rime

Receiving, ha

ndling or proc

essing money

or property d

erived from

or obtained, d

irectly or indi

rectly, throug

h the commis

sion of an

offence not de

scribed or clas

sified in categ

ories 07041 -

07042.

+ In

clus

ions

: Possession o

f stolen goods

or money; rec

eiving, handli

ng, disposi

ng of, selling o

r trafficking st

olen goods, us

ing stolen par

ts for produc

ing other good

s (car re-birth

ing), concealm

ent of stolen g

oods -

Excl

usio

ns: The u

nlawful taking

of property (0

502); apply al

l exclusions

listed in 0704

0709

Oth

er a

cts i

nvol

ving

frau

d, d

ecep

tion

or c

orru

ptio

n

Other acts invo

lving fraud, de

ception or corr

uption not de

scribed or clas

sified in

categories 070

1 - 0704.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Adoption fra

ud (020291);

deception to p

rocure sex (03

0112);

social welfare a

nd tax fraud (

08041); fraud

ulent insolvenc

y (08042); cus

toms fraud (

08044); immig

ration fraud (

0805); elector

al fraud (0807

9); apply all

exclusions list

ed in 0701-07

04.

74

SECT

ION

08

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC O

RDER

, AU

THO

RITY

AN

D PR

OVI

SIO

NS

OF

THE

STAT

E

0801

Acts

aga

inst

pub

lic o

rder

beh

avio

ural

stan

dard

s

Acts contrary

to public orde

r behavioural s

tandards.106

+ In

clus

ions

: Begging; litte

r offences; or

ganizing an un

lawful assemb

ly; hooliga

nism; apply al

l inclusions lis

ted in 08011 -

08019 -

Excl

usio

ns: Publi

c order sexual

standards (08

02) 08

011 Vi

olen

t pub

lic d

isor

der o

ffenc

es

Unlawful viole

nce that is org

anised or spo

ntaneous and

causes

severe disrup

tion, fear or in

jury to memb

ers of the pub

lic.

+ In

clus

ions

: Riot; violent

disorder; affr

ay; public figh

t; hooliganism

; violent

behaviour at s

porting events

-

Excl

usio

ns: An ac

t that is not ag

ainst public o

rder behaviou

ral standards

but uses force

to cause inju

ry or harm or

the threat to c

ause injury or

harm (0201)

; apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0801

0801

2 Acts

rela

ted

to so

cial

and

relig

ious

pub

lic o

rder

no

rms a

nd st

anda

rds

Acts contrary

to social and re

ligious public

order norms

and standa

rds.107

+ In

clus

ions

: Public drunk

enness; disord

erly conduct;

causing public

nuisan

ce; offensive la

nguage or beh

aviour; vagran

cy; begging; li

tter offences;

public mischi

ef; disturbing

religious asse

mblies; loiter

ing; noise com

plaints

- Ex

clus

ions

: Operating a v

ehicle under th

e influence of a

lcohol or

psychoactive s

ubstances (02

072); express

ion of controll

ed social belie

fs and norms

(08032); pollu

ting the natura

l environment

through noise

or vibrati

ons (1001); se

rving alcohol

to minors (110

21); apply all

exclusions

listed in 0801

0801

9 Oth

er a

cts a

gain

st p

ublic

ord

er b

ehav

iour

al

stan

dard

s Acts co

ntrary to publ

ic order behav

ioural standar

ds not describ

ed or clas

sified in categ

ories 08011 -

08012.

- Public order

behavioural s

tandards as d

efined in footn

ote 106.

+ In

clus

ions

: Organizing an

unlawful asse

mbly, joining

an unlawful as

sembly,

hiring a person

to join an unl

awful assembl

y, owning or o

ccupying the

property whe

re the unlawfu

l assembly is h

eld -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0801

0802

Acts

aga

inst

pub

lic o

rder

sexu

al st

anda

rds

Acts contrary

to accepted pu

blic order sexu

al standards.10

8 +

Incl

usio

ns: Porno

graphy and pr

ostitution offe

nces; unlawfu

l forms of

sexual interco

urse; apply al

l inclusions lis

ted in 08021 -

08029 -

Excl

usio

ns: All in

jurious acts of

a sexual natu

re (03); femal

e genital

mutilation (02

0111); TIP for

sexual exploi

tation (02041)

106 P

ublic

ord

er b

ehav

iour

al s

tand

ards

, at minimum,

include behav

ioural standar

ds to uphold p

ublic decency

and civility.

107 S

ocia

l and

rel

igio

us p

ublic

ord

er n

orm

s an

d st

anda

rds, at m

inimum, includ

e standards to

prevent perso

nal conduct th

at is offensive

or causes dis

ruption, fear o

r injury to mem

bers of the

public.

108 P

ublic

ord

er s

exua

l sta

ndar

ds, at min

imum, include

sexual standa

rds to prevent

sexual behavi

our that is like

ly to be offens

ive to members

of the public

or that otherw

ise involves a p

rohibited

form of interc

ourse.

75

SECT

ION

08

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC O

RDER

, AU

THO

RITY

AN

D PR

OVI

SIO

NS

OF

THE

STAT

E

0802

1 Pros

titut

ion

offe

nces

Acts co

ntrary to acce

pted public ord

er sexual stan

dards on

prostitution.

- Public order

sexual standa

rds as defined

in footnote 108

. - Prost

itution as defi

ned in footno

te 82. +

Incl

usio

ns: Offeri

ng sexual serv

ices for financ

ial or other be

nefit; procurin

g sexual

services; sex t

ourism not am

ounting to ch

ild sex tourism

-

Excl

usio

ns: Explo

iting a person

into prostitut

ion or exploita

tion of prostit

utes (0302); c

hild prostitut

ion (030222);

apply all excl

usions listed i

n 0802

0802

2 Porn

ogra

phy

offe

nces

Acts co

ntrary to acce

pted public ord

er sexual stan

dards on

pornography.1

09 - Public

order sexual

standards as d

efined in footn

ote 108.

+ In

clus

ions

: Procuring, ar

ranging, facili

tating or contr

olling a person

for illicit p

ornography; p

roduction, cre

ation, distribu

tion, dissemin

ation, broadc

ast, transmiss

ion, sale or po

ssession of illi

cit pornograph

y; obscene

material

- Ex

clus

ions

: Child porno

graphy (0302

21); recruitin

g or enticing a

person

into prostitut

ion, or exploit

ation of prosti

tutes (0302); a

pply all exclus

ions listed i

n 0802

0802

9 Oth

er a

cts a

gain

st p

ublic

ord

er se

xual

stan

dard

s Acts co

ntrary to acce

pted public ord

er sexual stand

ards not

described or c

lassified in cat

egories 08021

- 08022.

- Public order

sexual standa

rds as defined

in footnote 108

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Publi

c indecency; p

erforming a se

xual act in pub

lic; exhibit

ionism; unlaw

ful forms of sex

ual intercours

e; incest or fam

ilial sexual

offences not am

ounting to rap

e or sexual as

sault; unlawfu

l consensual s

exual acts be

tween person

s of the same s

ex; bestiality;

necrophilia; b

igamy;

polygamy; ad

ultery; sodom

y not amount

ing to injuriou

s acts of a sexu

al nature

; sexually inde

cent writing, p

ictures or obje

cts -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0802

0803

Acts

rela

ted

to fr

eedo

m o

f exp

ress

ion

or c

ontr

ol o

f ex

pres

sion

Acts ai

med at restric

ting the freedo

m of expressio

n or violating r

estrictions on

expres

sion.110

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 08031 - 080

39 -

0803

1 Acts

aga

inst

free

dom

of e

xpre

ssio

n

Acts aimed at

restricting fre

edom of expre

ssion. - Freed

om of express

ion as defined

in footnote 110

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Unlaw

ful censorship

; unlawful rest

rictions on fre

edom of

speech; unlaw

ful restriction

s on freedom o

f art -

Excl

usio

ns: Restr

icting one’s sp

eech through f

orce, threat, in

timidation,

threat to reve

al compromisin

g information

, or the threat

of defamation

(0205)

109 P

orno

grap

hy, at min

imum, is a vis

ual representa

tion or depict

ion of an adult

engaged in a s

exually explici

t conduct or re

alistic images

of a non-exist

ent adult invol

ved in sexuall

y explicit con

duct. 11

0 Fre

edom

of e

xpre

ssio

n, at minimum

, includes free

dom to hold o

pinions withou

t interference

and to seek, r

eceive and im

part informat

ion and ideas t

hrough any m

edia and regar

dless of fronti

ers. (United

Nations. Univ

ersal Declarat

ion of Human R

ights. Web: <ht

tp://www.un

.org/en/docum

ents/udhr/>.)

.

76

SECT

ION

08

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC O

RDER

, AU

THO

RITY

AN

D PR

OVI

SIO

NS

OF

THE

STAT

E

0803

2 Acts

rela

ted

to e

xpre

ssio

ns o

f con

trol

led

soci

al

belie

fs a

nd n

orm

s Publica

tion, expressio

n, production,

possession, di

stribution or

display of proh

ibited or contr

olled views or

material.

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 080321 - 08

0329 -

Excl

usio

ns: Produ

ction, possessi

on, distributio

n or display of

child pornog

raphy (030221

); pornograph

y offences (08

022) 08

0321

Vi

olat

ions

of n

orm

s on

relig

ious

bel

iefs

/vie

ws

Publication, ex

pression, prod

uction, posses

sion, distribut

ion or disp

lay of prohibit

ed or controll

ed views or ma

terial violatin

g norms on re

ligious beliefs

/views.

+ In

clus

ions

: Blasphemy,

apostasy, pro

selytism

- Ex

clus

ions

: Discriminati

on (0210); de

famation or ins

ult due to the

victim’s

ascribed belie

fs or values (0

2092); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0803

2 08

0322

Vi

olat

ions

of n

orm

s on

into

lera

nce

and

inci

tem

ent t

o ha

tred

Unlawf

ul expressions

of intolerance

and inciteme

nt to hatred.

+ In

clus

ions

: Promotion o

f ethnic, racial

or religious h

atred; incitem

ent to racial h

atred; hate spe

ech; glorificati

on of violence

; hate mail

- Ex

clus

ions

: Unlawful exp

ressions of int

olerance and i

ncitement to h

atred by a pe

rson which ha

rm another pe

rson’s reputa

tion, respect, c

onfidence in

which a perso

n is held, or in

duce hostile o

r disagreeable

opinions or fe

elings (0209)

; discriminatio

n (0210); app

ly all exclusion

s listed in 080

32 08

0329

O

ther

act

s rel

ated

to e

xpre

ssio

ns o

f con

trol

led

soci

al b

elie

fs a

nd n

orm

s Acts co

ntrary to cont

rols of expres

sion not descr

ibed or

classified in ca

tegories 0803

21 - 080322.

- Freedom of e

xpression as d

efined in footn

ote 110.

+ In

clus

ions

: Propagation,

promotion or

dissemination

of controlled

political

views or mater

ial -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0803

2 08

039 O

ther

act

s rel

ated

to fr

eedo

m o

f exp

ress

ion

or

cont

rol o

f exp

ress

ion

Acts related to

freedom of ex

pression or co

ntrol of expre

ssion not

described or c

lassified in cat

egories 08031

- 08032.

- Freedom of e

xpression as d

efined in footn

ote 110.

+

-

0804

Acts

con

trar

y to

pub

lic re

venu

e or

regu

lato

ry p

rovi

sion

s Acts ag

ainst public re

venue provisi

ons and acts in

volving behav

iour that is

regulated or p

rohibited on m

oral or ethica

l grounds.

+ In

clus

ions

: Tax evasion

; corporate off

ences; illegal g

ambling; appl

y all inclusi

ons listed in 0

8041 - 08049

- Ex

clus

ions

: Bodily harm

or potential f

or bodily harm

from a person

’s neglige

nt, reckless or

careless beha

viour (0206);

bodily harm o

r potential for

bodily

harm caused b

y a person’s d

angerous beh

aviour (0207)

; acts involving

fraud, d

eception or co

rruption (07);

illicit trafficki

ng in cultural p

roperty

(07042)

77

SECT

ION

08

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC O

RDER

, AU

THO

RITY

AN

D PR

OVI

SIO

NS

OF

THE

STAT

E

0804

1 Ac

ts a

gain

st p

ublic

reve

nue

prov

isio

ns

Acts against cu

stoms, taxatio

n and other pu

blic revenue p

rovisions. +

Incl

usio

ns: Tariff

, taxation, dut

y and revenue

offences

- Ex

clus

ions

: Social welfa

re and tax frau

d and other ac

ts involving fr

aud, decept

ion or corrupt

ion (07); smug

gling of migra

nts (0805); ap

ply all exclusi

ons listed in 0

804 08

042

Acts

aga

inst

com

mer

cial

or f

inan

cial

regu

latio

ns

Acts against co

mmercial, ind

ustrial or finan

cial regulation

s. +

Incl

usio

ns: Corpo

rate or compa

ny offences in

cluding compe

tition and

insolvency off

ences; fraudu

lent insolvenc

y; trade, trade

descriptions o

r import

/export offenc

es; acts agains

t trade regula

tions, restricti

ons or embarg

oes; investmen

t or stock/sha

res offences (n

ot amounting

to fraud);

usury -

Excl

usio

ns: Intell

ectual proper

ty offences (05

03); acts invo

lving fraud,

deception or c

orruption (07

); acts against

health and saf

ety (0902); ac

ts against

the natural en

vironment (10

); apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0804

0804

3 Ac

ts a

gain

st re

gula

tions

on

bett

ing

Acts ag

ainst regulatio

ns, restriction

s or prohibiti

ons on betting

and gambli

ng. +

Incl

usio

ns: Bettin

g and gamblin

g offences

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0804

0804

4 Sm

uggl

ing

of g

oods

Acts co

nsisting of cus

toms fraud an

d the moveme

nt of goods acr

oss a custo

ms frontier in

any clandestin

e manner.111

+ In

clus

ions

: Smuggling o

f goods, illegal

traffic in cont

raband

- Ex

clus

ions

: Import/expo

rt offences (08

042); counter

feiting goods a

nd produc

ts (07022); ap

ply all exclusi

ons listed in 0

804

111 S

mug

glin

g of

goo

ds means

acts consistin

g of customs fr

aud and the m

ovement of go

ods across a cu

stoms frontier

in any clande

stine manner.

(World Custom

s Organization

. International

Conven

tion on Mutua

l Administrativ

e Assistance f

or the Preventi

on, Investigat

ion and Repres

sion of Custom

s Offences (Na

irobi Convent

ion 1977), Arti

cle 1(d). Web:

<http:/

/www.wcoom

d.org/en/abou

t-us/legal-ins

truments/~/m

edia/574B25

F13D9C4D4B

A44AB4CD50

A967C5.ashx>

.).

78

SECT

ION

08

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC O

RDER

, AU

THO

RITY

AN

D PR

OVI

SIO

NS

OF

THE

STAT

E

0804

5 M

arke

t man

ipul

atio

n or

insi

der t

radi

ng

Unlawful mark

et manipulatio

n or insider tra

ding. 112

-Market manip

ulation as defi

ned in footno

te 112.

-Insider tradin

g as defined in

footnote 112.

+ In

clus

ions

: Trading fina

ncial product

s based on ins

ide informatio

n (insider

dealing), impr

oper disclosur

e of market-re

levant inform

ation, misuse o

f market

-relevant infor

mation, manip

ulating marke

t transactions,

price fixing

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0804

0804

9 O

ther

act

s aga

inst

pub

lic a

dmin

istr

atio

n

or re

gula

tory

pro

visi

ons

Acts against p

ublic revenue

provisions and

acts involving

behavi

our that is reg

ulated or proh

ibited on mora

l or ethical

grounds that a

re not describe

d or classified

in categories

08041 -

08045.

+ In

clus

ions

: Misuse of cul

tural heritage

; damage or d

estruction of c

ultural

monuments; o

ther acts again

st public adm

inistration

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0804

0805

Acts

rela

ted

to m

igra

tion

Unlawful acts

related to mig

ration.113

+ In

clus

ions

: Smuggling o

f migrants; un

lawful entry i

nto a State; un

lawfully

employing or h

ousing a forei

gn citizen; imm

igration fraud

; apply all incl

usions listed i

n 08051 - 080

59 -

Excl

usio

ns: TIP (0

204); illegal a

doption (0202

91); creating,

manufacturin

g, selling,

passing or po

ssessing a forg

ed or counter

feit visa, pass

port, or other

docum

ents required

to enter a Stat

e (07023)

0805

1 Sm

uggl

ing

of m

igra

nts o

ffen

ces

Procurement

in order to ob

tain, directly o

r indirectly, a f

inancial or

other material

benefit from t

he illegal entry

of a person in

to a State

Party of which

the person is

not a national

or a permanen

t residen

t.114 115

+ In

clus

ions

: Smuggling o

f migrants offe

nces; harbour

ing smuggled

migrants

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0805

112 M

arke

t man

ipul

atio

n is defined a

s entering into

a transaction,

placing an or

der to trade or

any other beh

aviour which

gives a false o

r misleading s

ignal as to the

supply of, dem

and for, or pri

ce of, a finan

cial instrumen

t or a related

spot commodi

ty contract; or

secures the p

rice of one or

several financ

ial instrumen

ts or a related

spot commodi

ty contract at

an abnormal o

r artificial leve

l.

Insi

der

trad

ing

is defined as p

ossessing insi

de informatio

n and using th

at information

by acquiring

or disposing o

f, for its own a

ccount or for

the account of

a third party,

directly or ind

irectly,

financial instr

uments to whi

ch that inform

ation relates.

(European Un

ion. Direc

tive

Euro

pean

Par

liam

ent a

nd o

f the

Cou

ncil

on C

rim

inal

San

ctio

ns fo

r Mar

ket A

buse

(Mar

ket A

buse

Dir

ectiv

e). Strasbo

urg, 16 April,

2014. Web: <ht

tp://register.c

onsilium.euro

pa.eu/doc/sr

v?l=EN&f=PE%

208%202014%

20REV%201>

.). 11

3 Mig

rati

on is the m

ovement of a

person or a gr

oup of person

s, either acros

s an internatio

nal border or

within a State

(International

Organization

for Migration.

Key migratio

n terms. Web

: <http:/

/www.iom.in

t/cms/en/site

s/iom/home/

about-migrat

ion/key-migr

ation-terms-1

.html>.).

114 United

Nations Office

on Drugs and

Crime. Pr

otoc

ol A

gain

st th

e Sm

uggl

ing

of M

igra

nts b

y La

nd, S

ea a

nd A

ir, S

uppl

emen

ting

the

Unite

d N

atio

ns C

onve

ntio

n Ag

ains

t Tra

nsna

tiona

l Org

aniz

ed C

rim

e. 20

00. Web:

<http://www

.uncjin.org/D

ocuments/Co

nventions/dca

toc/final_docu

ments_2/conv

ention_smug_e

ng.pdf>.

115 Il

lega

l ent

ry is cros

sing borders w

ithout comply

ing with the n

ecessary requi

rements for le

gal entry into

the receiving

State. (United

Nations Office

on Drugs and

Crime. Protoc

ol Against the

Smugg

ling of Migran

ts by Land, Se

a and Air, Supp

lementing the

United Nation

s Convention

Against Trans

national Organ

ized Crime. 20

00. Web:

<http://www

.uncjin.org/D

ocuments/Co

nventions/dca

toc/final_docu

ments_2/conv

ention_smug_e

ng.pdf>.).

79

SECT

ION

08

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC O

RDER

, AU

THO

RITY

AN

D PR

OVI

SIO

NS

OF

THE

STAT

E

0805

9 O

ther

unl

awfu

l act

s rel

ated

to m

igra

tion

Unlawf

ul acts related

to migration

not described

or classified i

n 08051.

- Migra

tion as define

d in footnote 1

13. +

Incl

usio

ns: Unlaw

ful entry/illeg

al border cros

sing; using a f

orged docum

ent to enter a S

tate; unlawfull

y employing o

r housing a fo

reign citizen;

organizing or f

acilitating the

unlawful stay

of a foreign c

itizen -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0805

0806

Acts

aga

inst

the

just

ice

syst

em

Acts contrary

to the operatio

n of the law en

forcement or j

ustice system.

116 +

Incl

usio

ns: Resis

ting arrest; bre

ach of bail cond

itions; perver

ting the

course of just

ice; perjury; es

cape from cus

tody; breach o

f court order;

failure

to comply wit

h jury summon

s; contempt of

court/insultin

g the court; pri

son regulat

ion offence; fei

gning commis

sion of a crim

e/fabricating

evidence;

apply all inclu

sions listed in

08061 - 0806

9 -

Excl

usio

ns: Acts l

eading to dea

th (01); acts a

mounting to a

ssault or threa

ts (0201)

0806

1 O

bstr

uctio

n of

just

ice

Acts in

tended to obs

truct, subvert

, mislead or im

pede justice

procedures.11

7 +

Incl

usio

ns: Perve

rting the cours

e of justice; fa

ilure to appea

r before court

or com

ply with jury s

ummons; givin

g false testimo

ny/perjury; de

stroying,

damaging, fab

ricating or tam

pering with ev

idence; preve

nting, threaten

ing or deceivi

ng a witness, t

hreatening or i

ntimidating a

justice or law

enforcement

official; feigni

ng commission

of a crime; fa

ilure to report

a crime; givin

g false inform

ation; aiding a

nd abetting; a

ttempting to i

nfluence a fair

trial -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0806

0806

2 Br

each

of j

ustic

e or

der

Acts intended

to obstruct, s

ubvert or imp

ede the effecti

ve execut

ion of justice o

rders.118

- Justice syste

m as defined in

footnote 116.

+

Incl

usio

ns: Resis

ting arrest; bre

ach of bail cond

itions; escape

from custody

; escape

from house ar

rest; breach of

court order; b

reach of parol

e; breach of

probation; br

each of domes

tic violence or

other restrain

ing order; viol

ation of

court-impose

d sanctions; u

nlawful return

from banishm

ent or exile; co

ntempt

of court; post-

incarceration

supervision o

ffences

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0806

116 Ju

stic

e sy

stem

is the system

of law enforce

ment that is di

rectly involve

d in apprehen

ding, prosecu

ting, defending

, sentencing an

d punishing th

ose who are s

uspected or c

onvicted of cri

minal offence

s. 11

7 Just

ice

proc

edur

es, at min

imum, are pro

cedures to fac

ilitate the just

ice system.

118 Ju

stic

e or

ders

, at minimum,

are orders stip

ulated by the

justice system

.

80

SECT

ION

08

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC O

RDER

, AU

THO

RITY

AN

D PR

OVI

SIO

NS

OF

THE

STAT

E

0806

3 Cr

imin

al in

tent

Behavi

ng in a manne

r that indicate

s an intention

by a person to

commi

t a criminal off

ence through a

ssociating wit

h criminal

offenders or p

ossessing tool

s or other mate

rial. +

Incl

usio

ns: Crimi

nal intent; unla

wfully posses

sing instrume

nts used for

crime; unlawf

ully possessin

g articles of di

sguise -

Excl

usio

ns: Partic

ipating in the

activities of an

organized cri

minal group

(0905); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0806

0806

4 Co

nspi

racy

Conspi

re, consort or

plan with oth

er persons to

commit a crim

inal offence

.

+ In

clus

ions

: Conspiracy/p

lanning to com

mit a crimina

l offence; prep

aration

- Ex

clus

ions

: Conspiracy to

murder (0101

); conspiracy

to procure an

illegal abortio

n (0105); con

spiracy agains

t the State (09

04); conspirac

y to commit a

particu

lar crime is als

o recorded wi

th the conspira

cy tag; apply a

ll exclusions

listed in 0806

0806

9 O

ther

act

s aga

inst

the

just

ice

syst

em

Acts contrary

to the operatio

n of the law en

forcement or j

ustice system

not described

or classified i

n categories 0

8061 - 08064.

+ In

clus

ions

: Insulting the

court; insultin

g a law enforc

ement officer;

prison

regulation offe

nce; criminal

solicitation

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0806

0807

Acts

rela

ted

to d

emoc

ratic

ele

ctio

ns

Acts related to

democratic el

ections.119

+ In

clus

ions

: Vote buying;

electoral fraud

; campaign fin

ance laws; app

ly all inclusi

ons listed in 0

8071 - 08079

-

0807

1 Ac

ts in

tend

ed to

und

uly

influ

ence

vot

ers a

t el

ectio

ns

Acts intended

to unduly infl

uence voters d

uring an elect

ion throug

h monetary or

other benefits

or through thr

eats. +

Incl

usio

ns: Vote b

uying; vote co

ercion

- Ex

clus

ions

: Demanding a

particular cou

rse of action n

ot related to

democratic el

ections by inti

midation, threa

t of physical ha

rm or violence

(0205)

; behaviour, a

contact or sta

tement comm

unicated by a p

erson with the

intention to c

ause harm to a

nother person

(08071); obt

aining money

or other

benefit or eva

ding a liability

through decei

t or dishonest

conduct not r

elated to dem

ocratic electio

ns (0701)

119 D

emoc

ratic

ele

ctio

n is a formal de

cision-making

process in wh

ich a populatio

n chooses an

individual to h

old a public o

ffice.

81

SECT

ION

08

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC O

RDER

, AU

THO

RITY

AN

D PR

OVI

SIO

NS

OF

THE

STAT

E

0807

9 O

ther

act

s rel

ated

to d

emoc

ratic

ele

ctio

ns

Acts related to

democratic el

ections not de

scribed or clas

sified in

08071.

- Democratic e

lections as de

fined in footno

te 119.

+ In

clus

ions

: Electoral frau

d; violating ca

mpaign financ

e laws; unlaw

ful manipu

lation of the de

mocratic proc

ess during ele

ctions -

Excl

usio

ns: Obtai

ning money o

r other benefi

t or evading a

liability throug

h deceit

or dishonest c

onduct not rel

ated to democ

ratic elections

(0701)

0808

Acts

con

trar

y to

labo

ur la

w

Criminal acts

contrary to lab

our law.120

+ In

clus

ions

: Employmen

t/labour law o

ffences; offenc

es under indu

strial law; m

inimum wage o

ffences; child

labour; wrong

ful transfer fro

m work and

wrongful dism

issal; apply al

l inclusions lis

ted in 08081 -

08082 -

Excl

usio

ns: Unlaw

fully employing

a foreign citiz

en (0805); neg

ligence

(0206); profes

sional malpract

ice (02062); a

cts endangerin

g health and s

afety (0902)

; wage or emp

loyment discri

mination (020

10); forced la

bour (02032);

TIP for

forced labour

(02042)

0808

1 Co

llect

ive

labo

ur la

w v

iola

tions

Crimin

al acts contrar

y to collective

labour law.121

+

Incl

usio

ns: Acts a

gainst collecti

ve bargaining;

union offence

s -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0808

0808

2 In

divi

dual

labo

ur la

w v

iola

tions

Crimin

al acts contrar

y to individual

labour law.122

+

Incl

usio

ns: Wage

and contract

offences; wron

gful transfer fr

om work and

wrongful dism

issal -

Excl

usio

ns: Haras

sment in the w

orkplace (0207

1); sexual har

assment

(030122); app

ly all exclusion

s listed in 080

8 08

09 O

ther

act

s aga

inst

pub

lic o

rder

, the

aut

horit

y an

d pr

ovis

ions

of t

he S

tate

Acts ag

ainst public o

rder, authority

and provision

s of the State n

ot described o

r classifi

ed in categorie

s 0801 - 0808

.

+ In

clus

ions

: Criminal pro

visions relatin

g to family law

, including unl

awfully

giving, receiv

ing or solicitin

g a dowry (exc

luding violent

family offenc

es and child n

eglect or aband

onment offenc

es); insult of th

e sovereign, th

e State,

nation or state

symbols; not

declaring a bi

rth to the auth

orities; not de

claring

a child one ha

s found to the

authorities; su

bstitution of a

child for anot

her child

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0801 - 0808

120 L

abou

r la

w is a se

t of regulation

s enacted to p

rotect workers

and safe work

ing environme

nts or aspects

of employer a

nd employee r

elationships.

121 C

olle

ctiv

e la

bour

law

consists of ru

les on collectiv

e bargaining a

nd on collectiv

e organization

s and their re

lations with e

ach other and

towards the em

ployer and em

ployee (Europ

ean Union.

European Fou

ndation for the

Improvemen

t of Living and

Working Con

ditions. Web:

<http://www

.eurofound.eu

ropa.eu/emire

/SWEDEN/AN

CHOR-KOLLE

KTIVARBETSR

-Auml-TT-SE.

htm>.).

122 In

divi

dual

labo

ur la

w consis

ts of the entire

body of regula

tions relating t

o the individua

l employment

relationship b

etween the em

ployer and the

employee (Eu

ropean Union

. European

Foundation for

the Improvem

ent of Living a

nd Working Co

nditions. Indiv

idual labour la

w. Web: <http

://www.euro

found.europa.e

u/emire/BELG

IUM/INDIVIDU

ALLABOURLA

W-BE.htm>.).

82

SECT

ION

09

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC S

AFET

Y AN

D ST

ATE

SECU

RITY

0901

Acts

invo

lvin

g w

eapo

ns, e

xplo

sive

s and

oth

er

dest

ruct

ive

mat

eria

ls

Possession, us

e, manufacture

, import/expo

rt, acquisition,

sale, delivery

, movement

or transfer of

firearms, their

parts and com

ponents and a

mmunition, ot

her weapo

ns or explosiv

es.123 +

Incl

usio

ns: Arms

trafficking; un

lawful use or

possession of

a weapon; app

ly all incl

usions listed i

n 09011 - 090

19 -

Excl

usio

ns: The u

se of weapons

, explosives or

other destruct

ive materials

to commit an

offence is code

d to the particu

lar offence; us

e of weapons t

o commi

t an offence ca

n be identified

with the weap

ons event disa

ggregation

0901

1 Poss

essi

on o

r use

of w

eapo

ns a

nd e

xplo

sives

Unlawf

ul possession

or use of regu

lated or prohi

bited firearms

, their p

arts and comp

onents, ammu

nition, other w

eapons or

explosives.

+ In

clus

ions

: Possessing p

rohibited or u

nregistered fir

earms, their p

arts and

components o

r ammunition

, other weapo

ns such as gas

or explosives

or chemic

al, biological o

r radioactive m

aterials; unlaw

fully obtaining

or using

weapons or e

xplosives with

out a permit;

illegal discharg

e of weapons;

apply all incl

usions listed i

n 090111 - 09

0119 -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0901

0901

11

Unl

awfu

l pos

sess

ion

or u

se o

f fire

arm

s Unlawf

ul possession

or use of regu

lated or prohi

bited firearm

s, their parts a

nd component

s or ammuniti

on. +

Incl

usio

ns: Carry

ing or possessi

ng a handgun

without a licen

ce; illegal

discharge of w

eapons

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 09011

0901

12

Unl

awfu

l pos

sess

ion

or u

se o

f oth

er w

eapo

ns

or e

xplo

sive

s Unlawf

ul possession

or use of regu

lated or prohi

bited weapo

ns or explosiv

es. +

Incl

usio

ns: Posse

ssing prohibit

ed or unregist

ered weapons

not amountin

g to a fire

arm; obtaining

or using explo

sives without a

permit

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 09011

0901

13

Unl

awfu

l pos

sess

ion

or u

se o

f che

mic

al,

biol

ogic

al o

r rad

ioac

tive

mat

eria

ls Unlawf

ul possession

or use of proh

ibited or regul

ated chemic

al, biological,

radioactive or

nuclear mater

ials. 124

+ In

clus

ions

: Obtaining or

possessing pr

ohibited or un

registered ma

terials -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0901

1

12

3 United Nation

s Office on Dru

gs and Crime.

Prot

ocol

aga

inst

the

Illic

it M

anuf

actu

ring

of a

nd T

raffi

ckin

g in

Fir

earm

s, Their Parts a

nd Component

s and Ammuni

tion, suppleme

nting the Unite

d Nations

Convention ag

ainst Transna

tional Organize

d Crime. New

York, NY., 200

1. Web: <http

://www.unod

c.org/docume

nts/treaties/S

pecial/2001 P

rotocol agains

t the Illicit Ma

nufacturing of

and Traffic

king in Firear

ms.pdf>.

124 Unlawf

ul possession

includes relate

d acts crimina

lized in the un

iversal legal in

struments aga

inst terrorism

.

83

SECT

ION

09

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC S

AFET

Y AN

D ST

ATE

SECU

RITY

0901

19

Oth

er a

cts r

elat

ed to

pos

sess

ion

or u

se o

f w

eapo

ns a

nd e

xplo

sive

s Acts re

lated to posses

sion or use of

weapons and

explosives

not described

or classified i

n categories 0

90111 - 09011

3. +

Incl

usio

ns: Falsif

ying, obliterati

ng, removing o

r altering mar

kings on a

firearm; firewo

rk offences; un

lawful storage

of firearms or

explosives;

possession of

items to enda

nger life

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 09011

0901

2 Traf

ficki

ng o

f wea

pons

and

exp

losiv

es

Trafficking of

weapons and

/or explosives

.125 +

Incl

usio

ns: Manu

facturing and

trafficking of

firearms, parts

, components

and ammuniti

on, regulated

or prohibited w

eapons or exp

losives, chemi

cal, biologi

cal or radioact

ive materials;

selling withou

t a dealer’s lice

nce or to an

unlicensed per

son; unlicense

d importing/e

xporting; appl

y all inclusion

s listed

in 090121 - 09

0129 -

Excl

usio

ns: Impo

rt/export offen

ces (08042); c

ustoms offenc

es (08041);

apply all exclu

sions listed in

0901 09

0121

Tr

affic

king

of f

irear

ms

Trafficking of

firearms, their

parts and com

ponents, and

ammunition.

- Trafficking a

s defined in fo

otnote 125.

+ In

clus

ions

: Manufacturi

ng and traffic

king of firearm

s, parts, compo

nents and am

munition; tra

fficking in firea

rms -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0901

2 09

0122

Tr

affic

king

of o

ther

wea

pons

or e

xplo

sives

Traffic

king of regula

ted or prohibit

ed weapons o

r explosives.

- Trafficking a

s defined in fo

otnote 125.

+ In

clus

ions

: Manufacture

, production o

r trafficking of

prohibited we

apons or expl

osives -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0901

2 09

0123

Tr

affic

king

of c

hem

ical

, bio

logi

cal o

r ra

dioa

ctiv

e m

ater

ials

Trafficking of

regulated or p

rohibited chem

ical, biological,

radioac

tive or nuclea

r materials.

- Trafficking a

s defined in fo

otnote 125.

+ In

clus

ions

: Manufacture

, production o

r trafficking of

chemical, bio

logical or

radioactive ma

terials

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 09012

0901

29

Oth

er a

cts r

elat

ed to

traf

ficki

ng o

f wea

pons

an

d ex

plos

ives

Traffic

king of weapo

ns and explos

ives not descr

ibed or

classified in ca

tegories 0901

21 - 090123.

- Trafficking a

s defined in fo

otnote 125.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 09012

125 T

raffi

ckin

g, at minimum

, is the unlawf

ul manufactur

e, import or ex

port, acquisitio

n, sale, delive

ry, production

, movement o

r transfer of t

he concerning

property.

84

SECT

ION

09

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC S

AFET

Y AN

D ST

ATE

SECU

RITY

0901

9 Oth

er a

cts r

elat

ing

to w

eapo

ns a

nd e

xplo

sive

s Acts re

lating to weap

ons and explos

ives not descr

ibed or classif

ied in cate

gories 09011

- 09012.

+ In

clus

ions

: Illegal collec

tive teaching o

f weapons use

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0901

0902

Acts

aga

inst

hea

lth a

nd sa

fety

Acts with pot

ential to cause

harm to huma

n health and s

afety.126

- Health as de

fined in footno

te 73. +

Incl

usio

ns: Healt

h and safety a

t work offenc

es; public tran

sport safety

offences; publ

ic health offen

ces; manufactu

ring products

that present a

risk to

health and saf

ety; communi

cating infectio

us disease; qu

arantine offen

ces; pharm

aceutical offen

ces;127 sanitat

ion offences no

t amounting to

the adulter

ation of food o

r selling noxio

us food or drin

k; apply all in

clusions listed

in 0902

1 - 09029

- Ex

clus

ions

: Endangered h

ealth and/or t

he potential fo

r bodily harm

inflicte

d upon a pers

on by another

person’s dang

erous acts (02

071); negligen

t acts (0

206); professi

onal malpract

ice (02062); p

otential to cau

se harm to

human health

involving the

use or handli

ng of controlle

d psychoactive

substan

ces (06); coun

terfeiting med

icines and pres

cription drug

s (07022)

0902

1 Acts

aga

inst

hea

lth a

nd sa

fety

at w

ork

Acts with pot

ential to cause

harm to huma

n health and s

afety in the

work place.

- Health as de

fined in footno

te 73. - Safety

as defined in

footnote 126.

+ In

clus

ions

: Health and s

afety at work

offences; pub

lic transport s

afety offence

s; pharmaceu

tical offences

- Ex

clus

ions

: Adulteration

of food, selling

noxious food

or drink, and o

ther acts th

at endanger he

alth (02071);

counterfeiting

medicines an

d prescription

drugs (

07022); apply

all exclusions

listed in 0902

0902

9 Oth

er a

cts a

gain

st h

ealth

and

safe

ty

Acts with pot

ential to cause

harm to huma

n health and s

afety not

in the work pla

ce. - Healt

h as defined in

footnote 73.

- Safety as defi

ned in footno

te 126.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0902

126 S

afet

y, at minimum

, is the conditi

on of being pr

otected from h

arm or injury

. 12

7 Ph

arm

aceu

tica

l offe

nces

include the fa

iling to store,

transport and

distribute me

dical product

s in accordanc

e with regulat

ory requireme

nts; supplying

/selling pharm

aceutical prod

ucts to people

who ha

ve no right to

possess the p

roduct; suppl

ying/selling ph

armaceutical p

roducts to un

licensed deale

rs; manufactur

ing, importing

, exporting an

d selling pharm

aceutical prod

ucts that do n

ot meet

country’s labe

lling and comp

osition standa

rds; manufactu

ring, importing

, exporting an

d selling pharm

aceutical prod

ucts without a

licence.

85

SECT

ION

09

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC S

AFET

Y AN

D ST

ATE

SECU

RITY

0903

Acts

aga

inst

com

pute

r sys

tem

s

Unauthorized

access to, inte

rception of, in

terference wit

h, or misuse o

f computer

data or compu

ter systems.12

8 +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 0903

1 - 09039

- Ex

clus

ions

: Possession, d

istribution or

creation of ch

ild pornograp

hy with a

computer sys

tem (030221)

; computer so

ftware theft o

r piracy (0503

); posses

sion, distribut

ion or creation

of pornograph

y with a comp

uter system

(08022); fraud

and theft with

a computer sy

stem (0701) o

r (0502)

0903

1 Unl

awfu

l acc

ess t

o a

com

pute

r sys

tem

Unlawf

ul acts involvi

ng entry into p

arts or the wh

ole of a compu

ter system

without autho

rization or just

ification.129

- Computer sy

stems as defin

ed in footnote

128. +

Incl

usio

ns: Acces

s to a comput

er system wit

hout right; ha

cking -

Excl

usio

ns: Unlaw

ful access to pr

ivate computer

files that amo

unts to

intrusions up

on one’s priva

cy (02011); ap

ply all exclusi

ons listed in 0

903 09

032 U

nlaw

ful i

nter

fere

nce

with

a c

ompu

ter s

yste

m o

r co

mpu

ter d

ata

Unlawful acts

hindering the

functioning of

a computer sy

stem, as

well as acts in

volving damag

e, deletion, de

terioration, al

teration or

suppression o

f computer da

ta without aut

horization or

justification.13

0 - Comp

uter systems a

s defined in fo

otnote 128.

- Computer da

ta as defined in

footnote 128.

+ In

clus

ions

: Damaging, d

eletion, altera

tion, suppress

ion of comput

er data;

hindering the

functioning of

a computer sy

stem; denial o

f service attack

, deletin

g computer sy

stem files wit

hout authoriza

tion; computer

system

damage; appl

y all inclusion

s in 090321 -

090322

- Ex

clus

ions

: Damaging pr

operty that is

not computer

data (0504); a

pply all

exclusions list

ed in 0903

0903

21

Unl

awfu

l int

erfe

renc

e w

ith a

com

pute

r sys

tem

Unlawf

ul acts hinder

ing the functio

ning of a comp

uter system

. - Comp

uter systems a

s defined in fo

otnote 128.

+ In

clus

ions

: Hindering th

e functioning

of a computer s

ystem; denial

of service

attack; comp

uter system d

amage

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 09032

128 C

ompu

ter

data

, at minimum,

means any re

presentation o

f facts, inform

ation, concept

s, in a machine

-readable form

suitable for p

rocessing by a

computer/inf

ormation syst

em. (United Na

tions Office o

n Drugs and C

rime. Compre

hensive Study

on Cybercrim

e. 2013. Web.

<http://www

.unodc.org/do

cuments/orga

nized-crime/U

NODC_CCPCJ_

EG.4_2013/CY

BERCRIME_ST

UDY_210213.

pdf>.). Com

pute

r/in

form

atio

n sy

stem

, at minimum,

is a device or i

nterconnected

devices which

pursuant to a

computer/inf

ormation pro

gram perform

(s) automatic

processing of

computer

data/informat

ion/logical/ar

ithmetic/stor

age functions

including com

puter data/inf

ormation stor

ed/ processed

/ retrieved/tr

ansmitted by

the computer/

information s

ystem includi

ng any

communicatio

n facility or eq

uipment and th

e internet. (U

nited Nations

Office on Drug

s and Crime. C

omprehensiv

e Study on Cyb

ercrime. 2013

. Web. <http:/

/www.unodc

.org/documen

ts/organized-

crime/UNODC

_CCPCJ_EG.4_2

013/CYBERCR

IME_STUDY_2

10213.pdf>.).

Compu

ter/

info

rmat

ion

prog

ram

, at minimum,

means instru

ctions in mac

hine readable

form that ena

bles a comput

er/informatio

n system to pr

ocess comput

er data/inform

ation/perform

a functio

n/operation a

nd can be exe

cuted by a com

puter/inform

ation system.

(United Natio

ns Office on Dr

ugs and Crime

. Comprehens

ive Study on C

ybercrime. 20

13. Web: <

http://www.u

nodc.org/doc

uments/organ

ized-crime/UN

ODC_CCPCJ_E

G.4_2013/CYB

ERCRIME_STUD

Y_210213.pdf>

.). 12

9 Ac

cess

, at minimum,

means to mak

e use of; to ga

in entry to; to

view, display,

instruct, or co

mmunicate wi

th; to store da

ta in or retriev

e data from; t

o copy, move,

add, change, o

r remove data

; or otherw

ise make use o

f, configure, o

r reconfigure a

ny resources o

f a computer s

ystem, or thei

r accessories.

(International

Telecommuni

cation Union.

ITU Toolkit fo

r Cybercrime L

egislation. Ge

neva, Switze

rland, 2010. W

eb: <http://w

ww.cyberdialo

gue.ca/wp-con

tent/uploads/2

011/03/ITU-T

oolkit-for-Cyb

ercrime-Legis

lation.pdf>.).

130 United Na

tions Office on

Drugs and Cr

ime. Com

preh

ensiv

e St

udy

on C

yber

crim

e. 2013. Web:

<http://www

.unodc.org/do

cuments/orga

nized-crime/

UNODC_CCPCJ

_EG.4_2013/CY

BERCRIME_ST

UDY_210213.

pdf>

86

SECT

ION

09

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC S

AFET

Y AN

D ST

ATE

SECU

RITY

0903

22

Unl

awfu

l int

erfe

renc

e w

ith co

mpu

ter d

ata

Acts involving

damage, delet

ion, deteriora

tion, alteratio

n or suppre

ssion of comp

uter data with

out authorizat

ion or justific

ation. - Comp

uter data as de

fined in footno

te 128.

+ In

clus

ions

: Damage, dele

tion, alteratio

n, suppression

of computer d

ata; deletin

g computer sy

stem files wit

hout authoriza

tion -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0903

2 09

033 U

nlaw

ful i

nter

cept

ion

or a

cces

s of c

ompu

ter d

ata

Unlawful acts

involving gain

ing access to c

omputer data

without

authorization

or justificatio

n, including ob

taining data d

uring a

transmission p

rocess that is

not intended

to be public, a

s well as

obtaining com

puter data (su

ch as by copyi

ng data) witho

ut author

ization.130

- Access as de

fined in footno

te 129.

- Computer da

ta as defined in

footnote 128.

+ In

clus

ions

: Interception

of computer d

ata without ri

ght; recording

transm

issions withou

t right within

a wireless net

work, copying

computer file

s withou

t authorization

-

Excl

usio

ns: Unlaw

ful access to pr

ivate computer

files that amo

unts to

intrusions up

on one’s priva

cy (02011); ap

ply all exclusi

ons listed in 0

903 09

039 O

ther

act

s aga

inst

com

pute

r sys

tem

s Acts ag

ainst computer

systems not d

escribed or cla

ssified in

categories 090

31 – 09033.

- Computer sy

stems as defin

ed in footnote

128. +

Incl

usio

ns: Produ

ction, sale, pro

curement, imp

ort, distributio

n or posses

sion of compu

ter misuse too

ls -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0903

0904

Acts

aga

inst

stat

e se

curit

y

Acts directed

against the int

egrity of the St

ate.131 +

Incl

usio

ns: Treas

on; spying; dis

closure of offic

ial secrets; off

ences against

government s

ecurity or ope

rations; milita

ry service offe

nces not amou

nting to

war crimes; co

nspiracy again

st the State; sa

botage; wagin

g a war or

attempting to

wage a war ag

ainst the gover

nment not am

ounting to the

interna

tional crime of

aggression; u

surpation; act

s against the k

ing or the

royal family; s

edition

- Ex

clus

ions

: Promising, o

ffering, giving

or soliciting,

or accepting a

n undue

advantage in o

rder that a pe

rson take or r

efrain from ta

king a particula

r course

of action (07

03); rioting an

d violent diso

rder (08011);

military

offences other

than military s

ervice offence

s

13

1 Inte

grit

y, at minimum

, is the applica

tion of values,

principles and

norms in the

daily operatio

ns of the State

and its public

sector organi

zations. (Orga

nisation for E

conomic Co-o

peration and

Development.

Public Sector

Integrity Rev

iews. Web: <ht

tp://www.oe

cd.org/gov/et

hics/publicsec

torintegrityre

views.htm>.)

87

SECT

ION

09

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC S

AFET

Y AN

D ST

ATE

SECU

RITY

0905

Acts

rela

ted

to a

n or

gani

zed

crim

inal

gro

up

Participating

in the activitie

s of an organiz

ed criminal gro

up.132 +

Incl

usio

ns: Partic

ipation in an o

rganized crimi

nal group; app

ly all inclusi

ons listed in 0

9051 - 09059

- Ex

clus

ions

: A committed

offence throu

gh the partici

pation of orga

nized crime i

s classified to

the particular

offence; crime

s committed by

organized

criminal group

s can be ident

ified with the

organization c

ontext disaggr

egation

0905

1 Part

icip

atio

n in

an

orga

nize

d cr

imin

al g

roup

Partici

pating in the a

ctivities of an

organized crim

inal group.

- Organized cr

iminal group a

s defined in fo

otnote 132.

+ In

clus

ions

: Participation

in an organize

d criminal gro

up -

Excl

usio

ns: A com

mitted offenc

e through the

participation o

f an organized

crimin

al group is cla

ssified to the p

articular offen

ce; the link to

an organized

crimina

l group is iden

tified by maki

ng use of the “

situational con

text” disaggr

egation; apply

all exclusions

in 0905

0905

9 Oth

er a

cts r

elat

ed to

an

orga

nize

d cr

imin

al g

roup

Acts re

lated to an org

anized crimin

al group not d

escribed or

classified in ca

tegory 09051.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0905

0906

Terr

oris

m

Participating

in the activitie

s of a terrorist

group or othe

r individual o

r group acts

related to terr

orist offences.

133 -Terror

ist offence as

defined in foot

note 133.

+ In

clus

ions

: Participation

or membership

in a terrorist

group; recrui

tment or train

ing for terror

ism; financing

terrorism; in

citement to te

rrorism; apply

all incl

usions listed i

n 09061 - 090

69 -

Excl

usio

ns: Death

as a result of

terrorist activ

ities (0101);

A committed te

rrorist offenc

e is classified

to the particul

ar offence; the

link to terrori

sm or a terror

ist group can b

e identified w

ith the situatio

nal context

disaggregation

132 O

rgan

ized

cri

min

al g

roup

is a structured

group of thre

e or more pers

ons, existing f

or a period of

time and acti

ng in concert w

ith the aim of

committing on

e or more serio

us crimes or o

ffences in

order to obtai

n, directly or i

ndirectly, a fin

ancial or other

material bene

fit. (United Na

tions Office on

Drugs and Cr

ime. United Na

tions Convent

ion Against Tr

ansnational O

rganized Crim

e and the

Protocols The

reto. New Yor

k, NY.: , 2004.

Web: <https:/

/www.unodc

.org/documen

ts/treaties/UN

TOC/Publicat

ions/TOC Con

vention/TOCe

book-e.pdf>).

Struct

ured

gro

up is a gro

up that is not

randomly form

ed for the imm

ediate commi

ssion of an off

ence and that d

oes not need t

o have formal

ly defined role

s for its memb

ers, continuity

of its membe

rship or a dev

eloped structu

re. (United Na

tions Office on

Drugs and Cr

ime. United Na

tions Convent

ion Against Tr

ansnational O

rganized Crim

e and the Prot

ocols Thereto

. New York, NY

.: , 2004. W

eb: https://ww

w.unodc.org/d

ocuments/tre

aties/UNTOC/

Publications/T

OC Convention

/TOCebook-e

.pdf). 13

3 A te

rror

ist o

ffenc

e means any a

ct established

in accordance

with the unive

rsal legal instr

uments agains

t terrorism, or

otherwise inte

nded to cause

death or seriou

s bodily injur

y to a civilian,

or to any oth

er person not

taking an acti

ve part in the

hostilities of a

situation of a

rmed conflict,

when the pur

pose of such a

ct, by its natur

e or context, i

s to intimidate

a population,

or to compel a

govern

ment or an int

ernational org

anization to d

o or abstain fr

om doing any

act. (United N

ations Genera

l Assembly. Int

ernational Con

vention for the

Suppression

of the Financin

g of Terrorism

. 1999.

E/RES/54/109

, Article 2(1b)

.

88

SECT

ION

09

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST P

UBL

IC S

AFET

Y AN

D ST

ATE

SECU

RITY

0906

1 Part

icip

atio

n in

a te

rror

ist g

roup

Partici

pating in the a

ctivities of a g

roup for the pu

rpose of

committing on

e or more terro

rist offences.

Terror

ist offence as

defined in foot

note 133.

+ In

clus

ions

: Participation

in or members

hip of a terror

ist group

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0906

0906

2 Fina

ncin

g of

terr

oris

m

Financing of t

errorist acts, i

ndividual terro

rists or terror

ist organiz

ations.134

-Financing as d

efined in footn

ote 134.

+ In

clus

ions

: Financing te

rrorism; financ

ing terrorist g

roups -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0906

0906

9 Oth

er a

cts r

elat

ed to

the

activ

ities

of a

terr

orist

gr

oup Acts related to

the activities

of a terrorist g

roup not desc

ribed or

classified in ca

tegories 0906

1- 09062.

Terrorist offe

nce as defined

in footnote 13

3. +

Incl

usio

ns: Recru

itment or trai

ning for terro

rism; inciteme

nt to terrorism

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 0906

0907

Non

-inju

rious

traf

fic v

iola

tions

Criminal acts

under the traf

fic code and tr

affic regulatio

ns by a person

that do not

result in injur

y or death.

+ In

clus

ions

: Road vehicle

licensing, driv

ing, registratio

n, or road wor

thiness

offences; spee

ding; violation

of safety regu

lations, vehicl

e registration

regulat

ions, driving li

cence regulati

ons -

Excl

usio

ns: Bodil

y harm or pot

ential for bod

ily harm inflicte

d upon a

person due to

another perso

n’s negligent,

reckless or car

eless behavio

ur while

in control of a

vehicle (0206

3); operating

a vehicle unde

r the influence

of psycho

active substan

ces (02072); h

it and run cau

sing property

damage

(0504); hit an

d run causing

bodily injury

(02063)

0908

Oth

er a

cts a

gain

st p

ublic

safe

ty a

nd st

ate

secu

rity

Acts with the

potential to e

ndanger publi

c safety and st

ate security n

ot described o

r classifi

ed in categorie

s 0901 - 0907

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Form

ing a militia; h

iring a mercen

ary; hiding a d

ead body

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 0901 - 0907

134 F

inan

cing

means provid

ing or collectin

g funds with th

e intention th

at they should

be used or in

the knowledge

that they are

to be used, in

full or in part

, in order to ca

rry out terror

ist (United

Nations Gene

ral Assembly.

International

Convention f

or the Suppres

sion of the Fin

ancing of Terr

orism. 1999. E

/RES/54/109,

Article 2(1b).

89

SECT

ION

10

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST T

HE N

ATU

RAL

ENVI

RON

MEN

T

1001

Acts

that

caus

e en

viro

nmen

tal p

ollu

tion

or

degr

adat

ion

Acts that resu

lt in the polluti

on of the natur

al environme

nt.135

+ In

clus

ions

: Air, water, so

il pollution; ap

ply all inclusi

ons listed in 1

0011 - 10019

- Ex

clus

ions

: Pollution or d

egradation th

rough the illeg

al movement

or dumpin

g of waste (10

02); litter offe

nces (0801); w

ilful destructio

n, damage,

or defacemen

t inflicted upo

n public or pr

ivate property

(0504)

1001

1 Acts

that

cau

se th

e po

llutio

n or

deg

rada

tion

of a

ir Acts th

at result in air

pollution or d

egradation.136

+ In

clus

ions

: Air pollution

-

Excl

usio

ns: Air po

llution caused

by illegal min

ing, illegal logg

ing or other

acts that resu

lt in the deplet

ion or degrada

tion of natura

l resources (1

004); apply a

ll exclusions li

sted in 1001

1001

2 Acts

that

cau

se th

e po

llutio

n or

deg

rada

tion

of

wat

er

Acts that resu

lt in water pol

lution or degra

dation.137

+ In

clus

ions

: Water pollu

tion -

Excl

usio

ns: Wate

r pollution ca

used by illega

l mining, illega

l logging or

other acts tha

t result in the

depletion or d

egradation of

natural resou

rces (1004)

; water polluti

on or degrada

tion through t

he illegal mov

ement or

dumping of wa

ste (1002); ap

ply all exclusi

ons listed in 1

001 10

013 Ac

ts th

at c

ause

the

pollu

tion

or d

egra

datio

n of

soil

Acts that resu

lt in soil pollu

tion or degrad

ation.138

+ In

clus

ions

: Soil pollution

-

Excl

usio

ns: Soil p

ollution caused

by illegal min

ing, illegal logg

ing or other

acts that resu

lt in the deplet

ion or degrada

tion of natura

l resources (1

004); soil po

llution or deg

radation throu

gh illegal mov

ement or dum

ping of waste

(1002); apply

all exclusions

listed in 1001

1001

9 Oth

er a

cts t

hat c

ause

env

ironm

enta

l pol

lutio

n or

de

grad

atio

n Acts th

at result in the

pollution of th

e natural envi

ronment not

described or c

lassified in cat

egories 10011

- 10013.

- Natural envi

ronment as d

efined in footn

ote 135.

+ In

clus

ions

: Pollution thr

ough noise, vi

brations, heat,

light or radia

tion; danger

ous, nuclear a

nd chemical s

ubstance offen

ces -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 1001

135 N

atur

al e

nvir

onm

ent, at mi

nimum, is the

environment th

at encompasse

s the interacti

on of all living

species.

136 A

ir p

ollu

tion

is the direct or

indirect cont

amination of t

he indoor or o

utdoor enviro

nment by any

chemical, phy

sical or biolog

ical agent that

modifies the n

atural characte

ristics of the a

tmosphere.

(World Health

Organization

. Air Pollution

. Web: <http:/

/www.who.in

t/topics/air_p

ollution/en/in

dex.html>.).

137 W

ater

pol

lutio

n is the direct

or indirect int

roduction of s

ubstances or e

nergy into a b

ody of water,

water utilities

or marine env

ironment (inc

luding estuari

es), resulting i

n harm to livin

g resour

ces, hazards t

o human healt

h, hindrances

to marine act

ivities includi

ng fishing, im

pairment of th

e quality of se

a water and r

eduction of am

enities. (Orga

nisation for E

conomic Coop

eration and

Development.

Marine Polluti

on. Web: <htt

p://stats.oecd

.org/glossary

/detail.asp?ID

=1596>.).

138 S

oil p

ollu

tion

, at minimum,

is the direct or

indirect cont

amination of s

oil by any chem

ical, physical o

r biological ag

ent that modif

ies the natura

l characteristi

cs of the soil.

90

SECT

ION

10

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST T

HE N

ATU

RAL

ENVI

RON

MEN

T

1002

Acts

invo

lvin

g th

e m

ovem

ent o

r dum

ping

of w

aste

Acts involving

the illegal mo

vement or du

mping of wast

e.139

+ In

clus

ions

: Illegal traffic

king of waste;

illegal movem

ent of waste; ill

egal waste d

umping; apply

all inclusions

listed in 1002

1 - 10022

- Ex

clus

ions

: Litter offenc

es (0801)

1002

1 Acts

invo

lvin

g th

e m

ovem

ent o

r dum

ping

of w

aste

w

ithin

nat

iona

l bor

ders

Acts in

volving the ille

gal movemen

t or dumping

of waste whos

e incepti

on, prevention

and/or direc

t or indirect ef

fects involve o

nly one cou

ntry. - Move

ment and dum

ping as define

d in footnote 1

39. +

Incl

usio

ns: Illega

l domestic wa

ste dumping, il

legal domesti

c movement o

r traffick

ing of waste

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1002

1002

2 Acts

invo

lvin

g th

e m

ovem

ent o

r dum

ping

of w

aste

ac

ross

nat

iona

l bor

ders

Acts in

volving the ille

gal movemen

t or dumping

of waste whos

e incepti

on, prevention

and/or direc

t or indirect ef

fects involve

more than on

e country.

- Movement a

nd dumping as

defined in foo

tnote 133.

+ In

clus

ions

: Cross-borde

r trafficking in

waste -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 1002

1003

Trad

e or

pos

sess

ion

of p

rote

cted

or p

rohi

bite

d sp

ecie

s of

faun

a an

d flo

ra

Unlawful trad

e or possessio

n of specimen

s of protected

or prohibited w

ild fauna or

flora species.14

0 +

Incl

usio

ns: Traffi

cking in wildl

ife, unlawful t

rade or posses

sion of wildlif

e; apply a

ll inclusions li

sted in 10031

- 10032

- Ex

clus

ions

: Theft of a pe

t (050221); of

fences against

the treatment

, raising

or keeping of a

nimals (1009

1); robbery of

livestock (040

14); theft of li

vestock

(05025)

139 M

ovem

ent o

r du

mpi

ng, at min

imum, is the u

nlawful collec

tion, transpor

t, recovery, dis

posal or shipm

ent of waste th

at causes or is

likely to cause

serious injury

to any person

or substantia

l damag

e to the quality

of air, soil or

water, or to fa

una or flora.

140 S

peci

men

is any animal

or plant, whet

her alive or de

ad, or any reco

gnizable part

or derivative

thereof.

Prote

cted

spe

cies

is a species o

f fauna or flor

a under prote

ction due to it

s risk of becom

ing extinct be

cause of its low

population, ov

er-hunting/fis

hing, environ

mental change

, predation, or

other reason

s. (Conve

ntio

n on

Inte

rnat

iona

l Tra

de in

End

ange

red

Spec

ies o

f Wild

Fau

na a

nd F

lora

. 1973. Web: <

http://www.c

ites.org/eng/d

isc/text.php).

Pro

hibi

ted

spec

ies is a sp

ecies of fauna

or flora that i

s prohibited b

y national law

due to its inv

asive qualities

to the environ

ment, poses a

danger to pers

ons, or other p

otential to cau

se harm.

(European Un

ion. Deve

lopi

ng a

n EU

Fra

mew

ork

for I

nvas

ive

Alie

n Sp

ecie

s. Web: <http:

//ec.europa.eu

/environment/

nature/invasi

vealien/docs/

ias_discussion

_paper.pdf>.).

91

SECT

ION

10

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST T

HE N

ATU

RAL

ENVI

RON

MEN

T

1003

1 Trad

e or

pos

sess

ion

of p

rote

cted

spec

ies o

f wild

fa

una

and

flora

Unlawf

ul trade or po

ssession of sp

ecimens of pro

tected wild fa

una or flora

species.

- Protected sp

ecies as defin

ed in footnote

140. +

Incl

usio

ns: Ivory

trafficking; ap

ply all inclusi

ons listed in 1

00311 - 10031

2 -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 1003

1003

11

Trad

e or

pos

sess

ion

of p

rote

cted

spec

ies w

ithin

na

tiona

l bor

ders

Unlawf

ul trade or po

ssession of sp

ecimens of pro

tected wild

fauna or flora

species involv

ing only one c

ountry.

- Protected sp

ecies as defin

ed in footnote

140. +

Incl

usio

ns: Unlaw

ful trade or po

ssession of en

dangered spec

ies -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 1003

1 10

0312

Tr

affic

king

of p

rote

cted

spec

ies a

cros

s nat

iona

l bo

rder

s Unlawf

ul import, expo

rt, acquisition,

sale, moveme

nt or transfe

r of protected

wild fauna or

flora species in

volving two

or more coun

tries. - Prote

cted species a

s defined in fo

otnote 140.

+ In

clus

ions

: Cross-borde

r trafficking in

wildlife

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1003

1003

2 Trad

e or

pos

sess

ion

of p

rohi

bite

d or

con

trol

led

spec

ies o

f ani

mal

s Unlawf

ul trade or po

ssession of sp

ecimens of pro

hibited or

controlled fau

na or flora spe

cies. - Prohi

bited species

as defined in fo

otnote 140.

+ In

clus

ions

: Possession o

f dangerous or

controlled an

imals; breeding

of danger

ous animals; t

rade in prohib

ited species

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1003

1003

9 Oth

er tr

ade

or p

osse

ssio

n of

pro

tect

ed o

r pr

ohib

ited

spec

ies o

f fau

na a

nd fl

ora

Other acts of u

nlawful trade

or possession

of protected o

r prohib

ited species o

f fauna and flo

ra not describe

d or classified

in categor

ies 10031 - 10

032. - Prohi

bited species

as defined in fo

otnote 140.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1003

92

SECT

ION

10

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST T

HE N

ATU

RAL

ENVI

RON

MEN

T

1004

Acts

that

resu

lt in

the

depl

etio

n or

deg

rada

tion

of

natu

ral r

esou

rces

Acts th

at result in the

unlawful exp

loitation or de

pletion of natu

ral resources, f

auna or flora

species, land,

water or air.

+ In

clus

ions

: Apply all incl

usions listed i

n 10041 - 100

49 -

Excl

usio

ns: Acts t

hat result in th

e pollution of

the natural en

vironment not

amoun

ting to depleti

on or degrada

tion (1001)

1004

1 Ill

egal

logg

ing

Unlawf

ul extraction, c

utting, harves

t, transportati

on, purchase o

r sale of

timber.

+ In

clus

ions

: Illegal loggin

g; illegal slash

and burn; illeg

al sand mining

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 1004

1004

2 Ill

egal

hun

ting,

fish

ing

or g

athe

ring

of w

ild fa

una

and

flora

Unlawf

ul hunting, fish

ing, collecting

or otherwise

taking of wild

fauna o

r flora.

+ In

clus

ions

: Illegal huntin

g, illegal fishin

g, poaching

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1004

1004

3 Ill

egal

min

ing

Unlawf

ul extraction o

f ore or miner

als from the gro

und. +

Incl

usio

ns: Traffi

cking of precio

us minerals; i

llegal mining; m

ining in the

absence of lan

d rights or mi

ning licences;

mining in viol

ation of enviro

nmental

or safety stan

dards -

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 1004

1004

9 O

ther

act

s tha

t res

ult i

n th

e de

plet

ion

or

degr

adat

ion

of n

atur

al re

sour

ces

Acts depleting

natural resou

rces not descr

ibed or classif

ied in categor

ies 10041 - 10

043. +

-

Excl

usio

ns: Apply

all exclusions

listed in 1004

1009

Oth

er a

cts a

gain

st th

e na

tura

l env

ironm

ent

Unlawful acts

with potential

to cause harm

to the natura

l environment

which are

not described

or classified i

n categories 1

001 - 1004.

- Natural envi

ronment as d

efined in footn

ote 135.

+ In

clus

ions

: Failure to pro

tect the health

and well-bein

g of flora and

fauna; apply a

ll inclusions li

sted in 10091

- 10092

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1001 - 1008

93

SECT

ION

10

ACT

S AG

AIN

ST T

HE N

ATU

RAL

ENVI

RON

MEN

T

1009

1 Ac

ts a

gain

st a

nim

als

Unlawful treat

ment, raising o

r keeping of a

nimals.

+ In

clus

ions

: Animal own

ership or welf

are offences (n

ot amounting

to wildlife

trade offences

); cruelty to pe

ts; violations

against huntin

g seasons;

cruelty to anim

als; ill treatme

nt of animals

- Ex

clus

ions

: Stealing a pe

t (050221); th

eft of livestock

(05025); rob

bery of

livestock (040

14) 10

099

Oth

er a

cts a

gain

st th

e na

tura

l env

ironm

ent

Other acts aga

inst the natura

l environment

not described

or classifi

ed in 10091.

- Natural envi

ronment as d

efined in footn

ote 135.

+ In

clus

ions

: Smuggling o

f ozone-deplet

ing substances

(ODS); unlaw

ful use

of ODS

- Ex

clus

ions

: Unlawful tr

eatment, raisi

ng or keepin

g of animals (

10091);

Apply all exclu

sions listed in

1001 - 1008

94

SECT

ION

11

OTH

ER C

RIM

INAL

ACT

S N

OT

ELSE

WHE

RE C

LASS

IFIE

D

1101

Acts

und

er u

nive

rsal

juris

dict

ion

Acts that fall u

nder universal

human rights

instruments an

d can be pursu

ed by an

international c

ourt of justice

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 1101

1 - 11019

-

1101

1 Tort

ure

Torture of a p

erson.141

+ In

clus

ions

: Torture

- Ex

clus

ions

: Acts causing

harm or inten

ding to cause

harm to the p

erson not

amounting to

torture (02)

1101

2 Pira

cy

Piracy is any a

ct of violence,

detention or d

epredation co

mmitted

for private end

s by the crew

or passenger

s of a private s

hip or a

private aircraf

t, and directed

on the high se

as, against an

other ship

or aircraft, or a

gainst person

s or property

on board such

ship or

aircraft; or ag

ainst a ship, a

ircraft, person

s or property i

n a place

outside the jur

isdiction of an

y State, includ

ing acts of par

ticipation

in, incitement

to, or facilitat

ion of such act

s.142

+ In

clus

ions

: Any act of vo

luntary partici

pation in the o

peration of a s

hip or of an a

ircraft with th

e knowledge o

f facts making i

t a pirate ship

or aircraft;

any act of inci

ting or of inte

ntionally facili

tating an act o

f piracy;

commandeerin

g -

Excl

usio

ns: Offen

ces committed

not on the hig

h seas by the

crew or

passengers of

a private ship

or aircraft are

coded to the

particular offe

nce; unlawf

ul seizure of a

vehicle togeth

er with its pas

senger throug

h the use of

force or threa

t of force by a

person not on

the high seas

(020223)

1101

3 War

crim

es

Acts constitut

ing serious vi

olations of the

laws and cust

oms applica

ble in armed c

onflict as expr

essed in the S

tatute of the

International C

riminal Court

(Rome Statute

) and the Gene

va Conven

tions (1949).

+ In

clus

ions

: War crimes u

nder internati

onal humanita

rian law, includ

ing the

unlawful killin

g of civilians b

y parties to an

armed conflic

t; rape associa

ted with ar

med conflict, a

nd other acts i

ncluded in Ar

ticle 8 of the R

ome Statute

;143 apply all in

clusions listed

in 110131 - 1

10139 -

141 T

ortu

re is any

act by which se

vere pain or su

ffering, wheth

er physical or

mental, is inte

ntionally inflic

ted on a perso

n for such purp

oses as obtain

ing from them

or a third per

son informati

on or a

confession, pu

nishing them,

intimidating th

em or coercing

them, or for a

ny reason base

d on discrimin

ation of any k

ind when such

pain or suffer

ing is inflicted

by or at the in

stigation of or

with the

consent or acq

uiescence of a

public official

or other pers

ons acting in a

n official capa

city. (United N

ations. Conve

ntion against

Torture and O

ther Cruel, Inh

uman

or D

egra

ding

Tre

atm

ent o

r Pu

nish

men

t. N

ew Y

ork,

NY,

198

4. W

eb: <

http

://w

ww

.un.

org/

mill

enni

um/l

aw/i

v-9.

htm

>.).

142 United

Nations. Conv

ention on the

Law of the Se

a. New York, N

Y. Web: <http

://www.un.o

rg/depts/los/

convention_ag

reements/text

s/unclos/part7

.htm>. 14

3 War

cri

mes

, under the Ro

me Statute, in

clude grave br

eaches of the

Geneva Conve

ntions of 12 A

ugust 1949, ot

her serious vi

olations of the

laws and cust

oms applicabl

e in internatio

nal armed

conflict, and i

n the case of n

on-internation

al conflicts an

y serious viol

ations of artic

le 3 common to

the four Genev

a Conventions

of 12 August 1

949 or other s

erious violatio

ns of laws and

customs

applicable in s

uch circumsta

nces within th

e established

framework of i

nternational l

aw.

95

SECT

ION

11

OTH

ER C

RIM

INAL

ACT

S N

OT

ELSE

WHE

RE C

LASS

IFIE

D

1101

31

Unl

awfu

lly k

illin

g, c

ausi

ng o

r int

endi

ng to

cau

se

deat

h or

serio

us in

jury

ass

ocia

ted

with

arm

ed

conf

lict

Acts that resu

lt in death or s

erious injury,

or intend to c

ause death o

r serious injury

in violation o

f the laws and

customs

applicable in a

rmed conflict

as expressed i

n the Rome St

atute and the

Geneva Conv

entions (1949

). +

Incl

usio

ns: Wilfu

l killing; wilful

ly causing gre

at suffering or

serious injury

to body

or health; unl

awful killing o

f civilians by p

arties to an ar

med conflict;

killing or wou

nding a comba

tant who has la

id down arms

and has

surrendered;

intentionally

using starvati

on of civilians

as a method o

f warfar

e; subjecting p

ersons to phy

sical mutilatio

n or medical/s

cientific

experiments th

at are not justi

fied or in the p

erson’s interes

ts; killing or

wounding trea

cherously ind

ividuals belon

ging to the ho

stile nation or

army; declari

ng that no qua

rter will be giv

en -

Excl

usio

ns: Inten

tional homicid

e not amount

ing to war crim

e (0101);

attempted inte

ntional homic

ide not amoun

ting to war cri

me (0102); no

n-intenti

onal homicide

not amountin

g to war crime

(0103)

1101

32

Unl

awfu

l des

truc

tion

or d

amag

e to

pro

pert

y as

soci

ated

with

arm

ed c

onfli

ct

Acts that resu

lt in extensive

destruction o

r damage to

property not j

ustified by mil

itary necessit

y and carried

out unlawf

ully and want

only in armed

conflict as exp

ressed in

the Rome Statu

te and the Gen

eva Conventio

ns (1949).

+

Incl

usio

ns: Inten

tionally causin

g damage that

is excessive in

relation to

direct military a

dvantage; lon

g-term and se

vere damage o

r destruction

of the natura

l environment;

attacking or b

ombarding to

wns, villages,

dwelling or

buildings that

are undefend

ed and are no

t military obje

ctives; intenti

onally attacki

ng buildings d

edicated to rel

igion, educatio

n, art, science

or charitable

purposes, hist

oric monumen

ts, or hospital

s, provided th

ey are not mil

itary objecti

ves; pillaging

- Ex

clus

ions

: Property dam

age not amoun

ting to war cri

me (0504)

1101

33

Sexu

al v

iole

nce

asso

ciat

ed w

ith a

rmed

con

flict

Acts of

a sexual natu

re that are us

ed as tactics of

warfare as

expressed in t

he Rome Statu

te and the Gen

eva Conventio

ns (1949)

. +

Incl

usio

ns: Comm

itting rape, se

xual slavery, e

nforced prostit

ution, forced

pregnancy, en

forced steriliz

ation or any o

ther form of s

exual violence

associa

ted with arme

d conflict and

constituting a

grave breach

of the Geneva

Conven

tions -

Excl

usio

ns: Sexua

l violence not a

mounting to w

ar crime (0301

); sexual

exploitation n

ot amounting

to war crime (

0302) 11

0134

Ac

ts a

gain

st li

bert

y or

hum

an d

igni

ty

asso

ciat

ed w

ith a

rmed

con

flict

Acts de

priving prison

ers of war or o

ther protected

persons of

their liberty o

r human digni

ty as expresse

d in the Rome

Statute and th

e Geneva Con

ventions (1949

). +

Incl

usio

ns: Wilfu

lly depriving a

prisoner of w

ar or other pr

otected person

s of the r

ights to a fair a

nd regular tria

l; unlawful dep

ortation or tra

nsfer or

unlawful conf

inement; takin

g of hostages;

committing o

utrages upon p

ersonal

dignity (includ

ing humiliating

and degrading

treatment)

- Ex

clus

ions

: Acts against

liberty not am

ounting to wa

r crime (0202

)

96

SECT

ION

11

OTH

ER C

RIM

INAL

ACT

S N

OT

ELSE

WHE

RE C

LASS

IFIE

D

1101

35

Cons

crip

ting

or e

nlis

ting

child

sold

iers

Acts re

sulting in chil

dren under the

age of 15 bec

oming comba

tants as expre

ssed in the Ro

me Statute an

d the Geneva

Conventions (1

949). +

Incl

usio

ns: Consc

ripting or enli

sting children u

nder the age o

f 15 into

national armed

forces or usin

g them to part

icipate activel

y in hostilities

-

Excl

usio

ns: Slave

ry and exploit

ation not amo

unting to war

crime (0203);

forced

labour for the

State or arme

d forces (0203

23) 11

0139

O

ther

war

crim

es

Other acts des

cribed in the R

ome Statute a

nd the Geneva

Conven

tions (1949).

+ In

clus

ions

: Employing p

oison or poiso

ned weapons;

employing w

eapons,

projectiles and

material and

methods of wa

rfare that are o

f a nature to ca

use superfl

uous injury or

unnecessary

suffering

-

1101

4 Gen

ocid

e Genoci

de, at minimum

, means acts co

mmitted with

intent to

destroy, in wh

ole or in part,

a national, eth

nical, racial or

religious

group, as such

: killing memb

ers of the grou

p; causing ser

ious bodily

or mental harm

to members of

the group; del

iberately

inflicting on th

e group condit

ions of life cal

culated to brin

g about

its physical de

struction in wh

ole or in part;

imposing me

asures

intended to pr

event births w

ithin the group

; and forcibly

transferring c

hildren of the

group to anoth

er group.

+ In

clus

ions

: Acts include

d in Article 6

of the Rome St

atute -

1101

5 Crim

es a

gain

st h

uman

ity

Crimes agains

t humanity, at

minimum, en

compass crim

es such as

murder, exter

mination, rape

, persecution

and all other i

nhumane

acts of a simil

ar character (w

ilfully causing

great sufferin

g or serious

injury to the b

ody or to men

tal or physical

health),

committed “a

s part of a wid

espread or sy

stematic attac

k directed

against any civ

ilian populatio

n, with knowl

edge of the att

ack”. +

Incl

usio

ns: Acts i

ncluded in Ar

ticle 7 of the R

ome Statute

-

1101

6 Crim

e of

agg

ress

ion

Crime of aggr

ession means

the planning,

preparation, i

nitiation or

execution, by

a person in a

position effec

tively to exerc

ise control

over or to dire

ct the political

or military ac

tion of a State

, of an act

of aggression

which, by its c

haracter, gravi

ty and scale, c

onstitutes

a manifest vio

lation of the Ch

arter of the Un

ited Nations.

+ In

clus

ions

: Acts include

d in Article 8

of the amende

d Rome Statute

2010 -

97

SECT

ION

11

OTH

ER C

RIM

INAL

ACT

S N

OT

ELSE

WHE

RE C

LASS

IFIE

D

1101

9 Oth

er a

cts u

nder

uni

vers

al ju

risdi

ctio

n Acts un

der universal

jurisdiction no

t described or

classified in

categories 110

11 - 11016.

+ In

clus

ions

: Forming gro

ups with the i

ntention of co

mmitting acts

under univer

sal jurisdictio

n -

1102

Acts

con

trar

y to

you

th re

gula

tions

and

act

s on

min

ors

Unlawful acts

defined in spec

ific laws and r

egulations rel

ating to minor

s. +

Incl

usio

ns: Apply

all inclusions

listed in 1102

1 - 11029

- Ex

clus

ions

: Injurious act

s of a sexual n

ature (03)

1102

1 St

atus

offe

nces

Unlawf

ul acts defined

in law that ar

e considered o

ffences due on

ly to the a

ge of those inv

olved, commit

ted by minors

or by adults in

relatio

n to minors.

+ In

clus

ions

: Youth curfew

violations; dr

inking age vio

lations; selling

alcohol

or tobacco to m

inors; contribu

ting to delinqu

ency of minor

s; violating

compulsory s

chool attendan

ce laws/truan

cy; under-age

marriage

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1102

1102

9 O

ther

act

s con

trar

y to

you

th re

gula

tions

and

act

s on

min

ors

Acts contrary

to youth regul

ations and act

s on minors no

t describ

ed or classifie

d in 11021.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1102

1109

Oth

er c

rimin

al a

cts n

ot e

lsew

here

cla

ssifi

ed

Acts that fall u

nder criminal

offences are d

efined in natio

nal law and ar

e not describ

ed or classifie

d in categories

1101 - 1102.

+

- Ex

clus

ions

: Apply all exc

lusions listed

in 1101 - 1102

98

Tabl

e: II

Di

sagg

rega

ting

varia

ble

cate

gorie

s144

EVEN

T DI

SAGG

REGA

TIO

NS

At –

Att

empt

ed/c

ompl

eted

Si

C –

Situ

atio

nal c

onte

xt

Geo

– Ge

ogra

phic

al lo

catio

n of

the

crim

e Re

p –

Repo

rted

by

DaT

– Da

te a

nd ti

me

1. Attempted14

5

2. Completed14

6 3. Not a

pplicable

4. Not known

1.Organized-c

rime related14

7 2. Gang

-related14

8 4.Corp

orate crime-re

lated149

5.Intimate par

tner/family-re

lated150

6. Terrorism-

related15

1 7. Civil

unrest15

2 8. Othe

r crime

9. Not applicab

le 10. Not

known

1.Required ge

ographical div

ision of

country (1st , 2

nd , etc. levels)

2. Extra

territorial15

3 3. Not a

pplicable

4. Not known

1. Victim

2. Witness (no

n-victim)

3. Police

4.Other law en

forcement

5. Criminal jus

tice institution

6. Not k

nown D

ate

form

at:

dddd/mm/yyy

y Ti

me

form

at: 24:00

144 Each eleme

nt and variabl

e may be relev

ant for selecte

d categories o

nly. 145 The

crime was att

empted.

146 The crime

was complete

d. 147 Part

icipation in an

organized cri

minal group w

as an integral p

art of the mod

us operandi of

the crime. Or

ganized crimin

al group as de

fined in footno

te 132.

148 Participatio

n in a gang wa

s an integral p

art of the mod

us operandi o

f the crime. A

gang is a grou

p of persons t

hat is defined

by a set of cha

racteristics in

cluding durabi

lity over time,

street-oriente

d lifestyl

e, youthfulnes

s of members,

involvement

in illegal activ

ities and group

identity. Defin

itions used by

national law en

forcement bod

ies may includ

e additional e

lements and m

ay in some cas

es deviate

from this gen

eric definition

. 149 Part

icipation in a c

orporate or bu

siness entity w

as an integral p

arty of the mo

dus operandi

of the crime.

150 Intimate par

tner/family-re

lated crimes a

re distinguish

ed by the natu

re of the relati

onship betwe

en perpetrator

and victim.

151 Participatio

n in a terroris

t group was an

integral part

of the modus o

perandi of the

crime. Terror

ist group is a g

roup that enga

ges in terroris

t offences. Ter

rorist offences

as defined in

footnote 133.

152 Civi

l unr

est refers

to a situation

of collective vi

olent hostilitie

s between tw

o or more part

ies within a co

untry that do

not amount to

an internal ar

med conflict.

153 The geogra

phical locatio

n of the crime

determines th

e exact geogra

phical referen

ce where the c

rime was com

mitted, an ext

raterritorialit

y reference sh

ould be applie

d if the crime

was committe

d in anot

her country or

international

waters but rec

orded in the r

eporting coun

try due to inve

stigations and

prosecutions

under extrate

rritorial jurisd

iction. Extrate

rritoriality is t

he ability for

countries to c

onsider an off

ence committe

d abroad to be

an offence com

mitted within

their borders

.

99

We

– Ty

pe o

f wea

pon

used

Lo

– L

ocat

ion

of th

e cr

ime

Mot

– M

otiv

e Cy

– C

yber

crim

e-re

late

d154

1. F

irear

m15

5 2.

Kni

fe o

r sha

rp o

bjec

t156

3. O

ther

mea

ns15

7 4.

Unk

now

n m

eans

158

5. N

ot a

pplic

able

6.

Not

kno

wn

1. P

rivat

e re

siden

tial p

rem

ises15

9 2.

Ope

n ar

ea, s

tree

t or p

ublic

tran

spor

t 3.

Sch

ools

or o

ther

edu

catio

nal i

nstit

utio

ns

4. P

rison

s, p

enal

inst

itutio

ns o

r cor

rect

iona

l in

stitu

tions

5.

Inst

itutio

nal c

are

sett

ings

160

6. O

ther

com

mer

cial

or p

ublic

non

-res

iden

tial

prem

ises16

1 7.

Oth

er

8. N

ot k

now

n

1. Il

licit

gain

2.

Hat

e cr

ime16

2 3.

Gen

der-

base

d163

4. In

terp

erso

nal c

onfli

ct16

4 5.

Pol

itica

l age

nda16

5 6.

Oth

er m

otiv

e 7.

Not

app

licab

le

8. N

ot k

now

n

1. C

yber

crim

e-re

late

d 2.

Non

-cyb

ercr

ime-

rela

ted

3. N

ot a

pplic

able

4.

Not

kno

wn

154 Apply the c

ybercrimes ta

g if the use of

computer dat

a or computer

systems was a

n integral par

t of the modus

operandi of th

e crime. Comp

uter data and

computer sys

tems as defin

ed in footnote

128. 155 Firear

m is any

portable barr

elled weapon

that expels, is

designed to e

xpel or may b

e readily conv

erted to expel

a shot, bullet

or projectile b

y the action o

f an explosive,

excluding ant

ique firearms

or their replic

as. (United Na

tions Office on

Drugs and Cr

ime. Prot

ocol

aga

inst

the

Illic

it M

anuf

actu

ring

of a

nd T

raffi

ckin

g in

Fir

earm

s, Th

eir P

arts

and

Com

pone

nts a

nd A

mm

uniti

on, s

uppl

emen

ting

the

Unite

d N

atio

ns C

onve

ntio

n ag

ains

t Tra

nsna

tiona

l Org

aniz

ed C

rim

e. New York, N

Y.: , 2001. We

b: <http://ww

w.unodc.org/d

ocuments/tre

aties/Special/

2001 Protocol

against the Ill

icit Manufactu

ring of

and Traffickin

g in Firearms.

pdf>.). 156 Kni

fe is an in

strument com

posed of a blad

e fixed into a

handle.

157 Other

mea

ns, at min

imum, include

s blunt weapo

ns, objects use

d as weapons,

bow and arrow

, crossbow, thr

owing weapo

ns/objects, ex

plosives, hand

or fist weapo

ns, martial art

s weapons no

t amoun

ting to a knife

or sharp obje

ct. 158 The

weapon used

by the perpet

rator is not ide

ntified.

159 Pri

vate

res

iden

tial

pre

mis

es (house

/ private dwe

lling), at minim

um, is real esta

te owned, ren

ted, or leased

by a person.

160 Instit

utio

nal c

are settin

gs includes hos

pitals, psychia

tric facilities,

residential car

e/retirement

homes, reman

d homes and o

ther institutio

nal care facilit

ies. 161 Oth

er c

omm

erci

al o

r pu

blic

non

-res

iden

tial p

rem

ises

includes busi

ness premises

open to the p

ublic (retail st

ores, cafés and

restaurants, c

lubs, banks, se

rvice stations,

malls, etc.); b

usiness

premises not

open to the pu

blic (office bu

ildings, wareh

ouses, produc

tion facilities, c

onstruction s

ites, machine

parks, farm la

nd, etc.); publ

ic non-residen

tial premises o

pen to the pub

lic (museums,

librarie

s, public servi

ces, etc.); and

other public n

on-residential

premises not

open to the p

ublic (governm

ent offices, pu

blic works, mi

litary installa

tions, etc.).

162 Hate

crim

e is a crime in

which the vic

tim is specifica

lly targeted be

cause of their

characteristic

s, ascribed att

ributes, ascrib

ed beliefs or v

alues such as

race, religion,

ethnic origin,

sexual orienta

tion and disab

ility, amongst o

thers. Victim’s

characteristic

s or ascribed a

ttributes or a

scribed beliefs

or values as d

efined in footn

ote 76 and 77

. Hate crimes i

nclude crimes

motivated by

Racism and Ho

mophobia. Ge

nder-based cr

imes and crime

s with an expl

icit or implicit

political agen

da should be e

xcluded.

Ra

cial

dis

crim

inat

ion, at m

inimum, is any

distinction, ex

clusion, restri

ction or prefe

rence based on

race, colour, d

escent, or nati

onal or ethnic

origin which

discourages o

r prevents equ

al recogn

ition, enjoyme

nt or exercise o

f human right

s and fundame

ntal freedoms

in the politica

l, economic, so

cial, cultural o

r any other fie

ld of public life

. (United Natio

ns. Internation

al Convention

on the Elim

ination of All F

orms of Racia

l Discriminatio

n. 1969. Web:

<http://www

.ohchr.org/EN

/Professional

Interest/Page

s/CERD.asp&x

gt).

Hom

opho

bia, at m

inimum, is any

distinction, ex

clusion, restric

tion or prefer

ence based on

sexual orient

ation which di

scourages or

prevents equa

l recognition,

enjoyment or e

xercise of hum

an rights a

nd fundamenta

l freedoms in t

he political, ec

onomic, social

, cultural or an

y other field o

f public life. (U

nited Nations.

International

Convention o

n the Eliminat

ion of All Form

s of Racial

Discrimination

. 1969. Web: <

http://www.o

hchr.org/EN/P

rofessionalInt

erest/Pages/C

ERD.asp&xgt)

. 163 Gen

der refer

s to the sociall

y constructed

roles, behavio

urs, activities,

and attribute

s that a given s

ociety conside

rs appropriate

for men and w

omen. (World

Health Organ

ization. Gende

r, W

omen

an

d he

alth

. Web: <http:/

/www.who.in

t/gender/wha

tisgender/en/

>.). 164 Inte

rper

sona

l con

flict

refers to the d

issonances tha

t occur when

human/social

relationships

come under st

rain (including

from fiction d

ue to social and

cultural norm

s). 165 Poli

tica

l age

nda, at m

inimum, is the

set of issues l

aid out by ide

ological or pol

itical groups t

hat tries to inf

luence curren

t and near-fut

ure political n

ews and deba

te.

100

VICT

IM D

ISAG

GREG

ATIO

NS

SV –

Sex

of v

ictim

166

STV

– Ag

e st

atus

vic

tim

Cit –

Citi

zens

hip16

7 LS

– L

egal

stat

us o

f vic

tim16

8

1. Male

2. Female

3. Not applicab

le 4. Not k

nown 1. Mino

r 2. Adul

t 3. Not a

pplicable

4. Not known

1. National citi

zen 2. Fore

ign citizen

3. Not applicab

le 4. Not k

nown 1. Natu

ral person16

9

1a. Private i

ndividual17

0 1b. P

ublic official17

1

2. Legal entity

172

2a. Private e

ntity173

2b. Public

entity174

3. Other entity

4. Not k

nown

AV –

Age

of v

ictim

Vi

P –

Vict

im-p

erpe

trat

or re

latio

nshi

p

Int –

Vic

tim w

as in

toxi

cate

d w

ith

cont

rolle

d dr

ugs o

r oth

er p

sych

oact

ive

subs

tanc

es

ES –

Eco

nom

ic se

ctor

1. 0-14

2. 15-29

3. 30-44

4. 45-59

5. 60+ 6. Not known

1. Current inti

mate partner/

spouse

2. Former intim

ate partner/sp

ouse 3. Bloo

d relative

4. Other house

hold member

5. Friend

6. Acquaintanc

e 7. Colle

ague/work rel

ationship

8. Authority/c

are relationshi

p (doctor

, nurse, police

, etc.) 9. Othe

r offender kno

wn to victim

10. Offender un

known to vict

im 11. Rel

ationship not k

nown

1. Alco

hol 2. Illici

t drugs

3. Both

4. Other

5. Not applicab

le 6. Not k

nown Sectors

A-U in ISIC Re

v. 4175

166 Sex refers

to the biologic

al and physio

logical charac

teristics that d

efine men and

women. (Wo

rld Health Org

anization. Wh

at do we mean

by “sex” and “g

ender.”

Web: http://w

ww.who.int/g

ender/whatis

gender/en/

167 Citize

nshi

p means the

particular lega

l bond betwee

n an individua

l and his or he

r State, acquir

ed by birth or

naturalisation

, whether by d

eclaration, ch

oice, marriage

or other mea

ns according t

o nationa

l legislation.

168 Legal

sta

tus is a st

atus of an ind

ividual, comp

any or other e

ntity defined

by law.

169 A natu

ral p

erso

n is a human b

eing as disting

uished in law

from a legal p

erson.

170 A priv

ate

indi

vidu

al is a na

tural person w

ho is not a pu

blic official.

171 A publ

ic o

ffici

al is any

natural perso

n who perform

s a public func

tion or provid

es a public ser

vice as define

d in domestic

law. This value

should be use

d only when t

he victim is a

public official

who ex

perienced the

crime while ex

erting his/he

r public funct

ion. 172 A le

gal e

ntit

y is either a p

rivate or a pub

lic entity.

173 A priv

ate

enti

ty is a law

ful association

, corporation,

partnership, p

roprietorship,

trust or indiv

idual that has t

he capacity to

enter into agre

ements or con

tracts, assume

obligations a

nd be accoun

table for illega

l activities.

174 A publ

ic e

ntit

y is a federal, s

tate or local g

overnment dep

artment, instit

ution or agenc

y. 175 Inte

rnational Stan

dard Industria

l Classification

of All Econom

ic Activities, R

ev 4.

101

PERP

ETRA

TOR

DISA

GGRE

GATI

ON

S

SP –

Sex

of p

erpe

trat

or

STP

– Ag

e st

atus

of p

erpe

trat

or

Cit –

Citi

zens

hip

LS –

Leg

al st

atus

of p

erpe

trat

or

Rec

– Re

peat

offe

nder

/rec

idiv

ist17

6

1. Male

2. Female

3. Not applicab

le 4. Not k

nown 1. Mino

r 2. Adul

t 3. Not a

pplicable

4. Not known

1. National citi

zen 2. Fore

ign citizen

3. Not applicab

le 4. Not k

nown 1. Natu

ral person16

9 1a. P

rivate individu

al170

1b. Public o

fficial171

2. Legal entity

172

2a. Private e

ntity173

2b. Public e

ntity174

3. Other entity

4. Not k

nown

1. Recidivist

2. Non-recidiv

ist 3. Not a

pplicable

4. Not known

AP –

Age

of p

erpe

trat

or

ViP

– Vi

ctim

-per

petr

ator

re

latio

nshi

p

Int –

Per

petr

ator

was

into

xica

ted

with

con

trol

led

drug

s or o

ther

ps

ycho

activ

e su

bsta

nces

EAST

– E

cono

mic

act

ivity

stat

us o

f pe

rpet

rato

r

1. 0-14

2. 15-29

3. 30-44

4. 45-59

5. 60 6. Not known

1. Current inti

mate partne

r/spouse

2. Former intim

ate partne

r/spouse

3. Blood relati

ve 4. Othe

r household m

ember 5. Frien

d 6. Acqu

aintance

7. Colleague/w

ork relationsh

ip 8. Auth

ority/care rela

tionship

(doctor, nurse

, police, etc.)

9. Other offen

der known to

victim 10. Offender un

known to vict

im 11. Rel

ationship not k

nown

1. Alco

hol 2. Illici

t drugs

3. Both

4. Other

5. Not applicab

le 6. Not k

nown 1. Depe

ndent employm

ent 2. Self-

employment (

with no

dependent em

ployees)

3. Employer (

with dependen

t employ

ees) 4. Unem

ployed

5. Student/ap

prentice

6. Housekeepe

r 7. Retir

ed/disabled

8. Not known

DATA

DES

CRIP

TIO

NS/

INCL

USI

ON

S

Th – Thre

ats included17

7

AA – Aidin

g/abetting/ac

cessory includ

ed178

Ac

– Accomplice

included17

9

CP – Cons

piracy/plannin

g included18

0

In –

Incitement to c

ommit crime

included18

1

176 Perpetrator

was a repeat

offender/recid

ivist. 177 Thr

eat as defined

in 02012.

178 Aidin

g, a

bett

ing

and

acce

ssor

y refers to no

t being presen

t when the cri

me was comm

itted, but havi

ng knowledge

of the crime b

efore or after

the event, and

may assist in i

ts commission

through

advice, action

s or financial s

upport.

179 Accom

plic

e refers to bei

ng present dur

ing the comm

itted crime an

d assisting in

its commission

through advic

e, actions or fi

nancial suppo

rt. 180 Con

spir

acy as de

fined in 08064

. 181 Inci

tem

ent t

o co

mm

it a

cri

me

is provoking u

nlawful behav

iour or convin

cing a person t

o behave unla

wfully.

102

Tabl

e: II

I

Addi

tiona

l disa

ggre

gatio

ns o

f int

entio

nal h

omic

ide

(I): S

ituat

iona

l con

text

SITU

ATIO

NAL

CO

NTE

XT O

F IN

TEN

TIO

NAL

HO

MIC

IDE

Hom

icid

e re

late

d to

ot

her c

rimin

al

activ

ities

182

Homicide rela

ted to organiz

ed criminal gro

ups or gang

s Homici

de related to o

rganized crimi

nal groups

The victim or

perpetrator w

as a member o

f an organized

criminal

group/gang, o

r homicide oc

curs in a fashi

on related to o

rganized

criminal grou

ps/gangs

Homicide rela

ted to gangs

Homicide rela

ted to other

criminal activi

ties Homici

de related to r

obbery

Homicide may

be perpetrate

d in order to ac

complish the

original

crime and/or a

void detection

. Homicide doe

s not represen

t the primar

y goal of the cr

iminal act

Homicide perp

etrated during

the commission

of anothe

r criminal offe

nce In

terp

erso

nal

hom

icid

e183

Intimate part

ner/family mem

ber Homici

de perpetrated

by an intimat

e partner or fa

mily member

according to t

he classificati

on by relation

ship between

victim and

perpetrator. T

his includes h

omicide perpe

trated by an (

ex-) partne

r/(ex-)spouse

, a family mem

ber other than

a partner/spo

use; infanti

cide and parri

cide Other i

nterpersonal

homicide

Homicide perp

etrated on per

sons other tha

n intimate par

tners or

family membe

rs. This includ

es, for examp

le, killings rel

ated to

neighbour dis

putes or prope

rty disputes, re

venge-related

killings, or

random and se

emingly unpr

ovoked acts of

killing rangin

g from brawls

to killin

g sprees

Soci

o-po

litic

al

hom

icid

e

Homicide rela

ted to social pr

ejudice

Homicide as a

result of viole

nce against sp

ecific social gr

oups, includi

ng hate crime

(crime in whi

ch the victim

is specifically

targeted

because of his

or her charac

teristics, ascri

bed attributes

, ascribed

beliefs or valu

es). Social prej

udice is discri

mination due t

o the victim's

charac

teristics, attrib

utes, beliefs or

values. Chara

cteristics and

attributes incl

ude sex, gende

r, sexual orien

tation, age, lan

guage, ethnic

origin, disabil

ity and/or rac

e. Beliefs or va

lues, at minim

um, include

religious belie

fs and/or econ

omic and soci

al views

Homicide rela

ted to political

agendas

Intentional ho

micide related

to political ag

endas, includi

ng killings by

terrorist grou

ps with a polit

ical agenda, po

litical assassin

ation, and

targeted killin

g of journalists

for political re

asons. A polit

ical agenda is

a set of values

, beliefs or iss

ues that are ad

vocated by a p

olitical or

ideological org

anization

Homicide rela

ted to civil unr

est184

Intentional ho

micides in a s

ituation of civ

il unrest

Homicide rela

ted to other so

cio-political a

gendas

This includes,

for example, h

omicide throu

gh mob violen

ce and vigilan

tism, unlawfu

l killings by th

e police, excess

ive use of forc

e by law en

forcement offi

cers and extra

judicial killing

s

182 Inte

ntional homic

ide committed

in relation to

other crimina

l activities tha

t are aimed, d

irectly or indi

rectly, at obta

ining illicit pr

ofits. 183 Hom

icide is a mean

s of resolving

a conflict and

/or punishing

the victim. It i

s not instrume

ntal to the acc

omplishment

of a secondary

goal. 184 Civi

l unr

est refers

to a situation

of collective vi

olent hostilitie

s between tw

o or more part

ies within a co

untry that do

not amount to

an internal ar

med conflict.

103

Tabl

e: IV

Ad

ditio

nal d

isagg

rega

tions

of i

nten

tiona

l hom

icid

e (II

): Re

latio

nshi

p be

twee

n vi

ctim

and

per

petr

ator

RELA

TIO

NSH

IP B

ETW

EEN

VIC

TIM

AN

D PE

RPET

RATO

R O

F IN

TEN

TIO

NAL

HO

MIC

IDE

Intim

ate

part

ner o

r fa

mily

m

embe

r (IP

FM)

Intimate part

ner Curren

t spouse or int

imate partner

(cohabitating

or non-cohab

itating partne

r or boyfrie

nd/girlfriend)

Curren

t spouse or co

habitating

partner

Spouse

Cohabitating p

artner Curren

t non-cohabita

ting partner (

boyfriend/girl

friend but not

marrie

d) Forme

r spouse or int

imate partner

(cohabitating

or non-cohab

itating partne

r or boyfrie

nd/girlfriend)

Forme

r spouse or co

habitating

partner

Former spous

e Forme

r cohabitating

partner

Former non-c

ohabitating pa

rtner (boyfrie

nd/girlfriend

but not

married)

Family memb

er Blood r

elative

Parent

Child Other blood re

lative Cohabi

tating blood re

lative Non-co

habitating blo

od relative

Other househo

ld member18

5 or rela

tive by

marriage or a

doption

O

ther

pe

rpet

rato

r kn

own

to th

e vi

ctim

Friend/acqua

intance

Friend

Acquai

ntance

Colleag

ue/business o

r work

relationship

Authority/car

e relationship

(doctor

/nurse/teach

er/police/p

ublic official, c

lergy, etc.)

Other perpetra

tor known to t

he victim

Perp

etra

tor

unkn

own

to

the

vict

im

Perpetrator u

nknown to the

victim

185 Other hous

ehold members

include perso

ns living in the

same househo

ld as the victim

.

104

Tabl

e: V

Ad

ditio

nal d

isagg

rega

tions

of i

nten

tiona

l hom

icid

e (II

I): M

echa

nism

of k

illin

g

Thi

s cl

assi

fica

tion

is b

uilt

by a

ggre

gatin

g ca

uses

of

deat

h by

ass

ault

as

spec

ifie

d by

WH

O I

nter

nati

onal

Cla

ssif

icat

ion

of D

isea

ses

(IC

D-1

0).

The

lett

ers

and

num

bers

in b

rack

ets

refe

r to

thei

r ap

pear

ance

in th

e IC

D-1

0.

MEC

HAN

ISM

OF

KILL

ING

Atta

ck w

ith fi

rear

ms o

r exp

losiv

es

Firearm

Handgun disch

arge (X93)

Rifle, shotgun

and larger fir

earm discharg

e (X94)

Other and uns

pecified firear

m discharge (X

95) Explos

ives (X96)

At

tack

with

ano

ther

wea

pon

Sharp object (X

99) Blunt o

bject (Y00)

Other object u

sed as a weap

on (including

deliberately h

itting or runni

ng over with a

motor vehicle

(Y03))

Atta

ck w

ithou

t a w

eapo

n

Hanging, stran

gulation or su

ffocation (X91

) Drown

ing or submer

sion (X92)

Pushing from

a high place (

Y01) Pushin

g or placing vic

tim before mo

ving object (Y0

2) Bodily

force Bodily

force (hitting o

r kicking) (Y04

) Sexual

assault (Y05)

Oth

er

Drugs and che

mical substan

ces In

clud

ing:

Assaul

t with drugs, m

edicaments an

d biological su

bstances (X85

) Assaul

t with corrosiv

e substance (X

86) Assaul

t with pesticid

es (X87)

Assault with g

ases and vapo

urs (X88)

Assault with o

ther specified

chemicals an

d noxious subs

tances (X89)

Assault with u

nspecified che

mical or noxio

us substance (

X90) Other

Incl

udin

g:

Fire, flames or

smoke (X97)

Steam, hot va

pours or hot o

bjects (X98)

Neglect and a

bandonment (

Y06) Other m

altreatment s

yndromes (Y07

) Assaul

t by other spec

ified means (Y

08) As

saul

t by

unsp

ecifi

ed m

eans

(Y09

)

105

Annex 1: Data comparability, reporting rates and counting rules Three main factors affect the interpretation and comparability of administrative data on crime: 1. the way crime is defined and classified 2. the proportion of crime detected or reported to the authorities 3. the way crime is recorded and counted. Defining and classifying crime As explained earlier (see Introduction), administrative data on crime are usually compiled according to national legislations and concepts, which determines lack of international comparability. The application of the consistent set of definitions contained in the ICCS can ensure that data on crime within the same category will refer to the same underlying phenomenon (the same criminal act), irrespective of differences in national laws. The implementation of the ICCS at the national level will also improve, among other things, the comparison of state responses and trends over time for the same categories of crime. Reporting and detecting crime The interpretation and comparison of administrative data on crime are also affected by differences and changes in the portion of crime actually recorded by public authorities of the “total’’ crime that occurs over a period of time. For example, when examining data on police-recorded offences, it should always be kept in mind that the share of undetected and unrecorded crime (the “dark figure of crime’’) is often substantial. Crime victimization surveys, which collect information on crime experienced by the target population, can provide information on the “real’’ prevalence of crime experienced within a certain population, including data on the percentage of crime reported to the police or other authorities. A common pattern found across victimization surveys is that reporting rates can vary substantially over time and between countries depending on factors such as the capacity of law enforcement authorities to respond to crime and the trust placed in them when reporting crime. Recording and counting crime The third major factor that affects the interpretation and comparability of crime statistics is the way that crimes are recorded and counted by different institutions and jurisdictions. For example, a national police institution that records an offence upon the completion of an investigation will typically record fewer crimes than another police institution recording and counting offences when it is first informed about the offence. The former police institution will in fact accumulate more evidence than an institution that records an offence during the initial stages of the investigation but, ceteris paribus, it will also record fewer crimes as many suspected criminal events may not turn out to be substantiated by the evidence.

106

In particular, the following elements will affect overall counts of crime and thus confound data comparisons across and within countries: the moment when data are collected for inclusion in crime statistics: Criminal justice institutions can collect data from different stages of their respective criminal justice process. For example, ‘‘input statistics’’ refer to data being collected at the time the offence is first reported to authorities; on the other hand, ‘’output statistics’’ refer to data being collected after the offence has been investigated; the counting unit used in the statistics: typically, each criminal justice institution uses counting units based on its own operational requirements. Police may use charges, suspects, victims and incidents, while courts may use cases, convictions and sentences. Linking data across institutions would require the use of the same counting units (such as persons suspected and persons convicted); the application of a principal offence rule:186 countries that apply the principal offence rule only record the most serious offence if simultaneous offences are committed; others record each offence separately, which results in a higher count of recorded crimes;187 the way in which an offence committed by more than one person is counted: depending on the counting unit, one unit of count can contain more than one perpetrator or victim. A court case may consist of multiple perpetrators but then be reported as one case, while the police may record each perpetrator rather than the case or committed offence; the way in which multiple offences are counted:188 if one person is suspected of a series of homicides, they can be recorded as one homicide suspect or multiple homicide suspects. Issues related to counting rules are not directly related to the definition and classification of crime

per se and consequently are outside the scope of the ICCS. The ICCS thus does not provide direction on which counting rules are to be applied when collecting data. On the whole, experience shows that there is a wide variety of counting rules applied in the recording of crime and criminal justice data, which have often grown historically and are deeply ingrained in national recording systems. In some cases, the concrete application of counting rules depends on the technical capacity of data producers in recording and aggregating data. Countries that have to rely on paper-based crime records may face particular challenges in implementing complex counting rules. For these reasons, the harmonization of counting rules is best treated at a later stage and separately from the structure and application of the ICCS. UNODC aims to pursue further work related to counting rules and provide guidance on standards and good practices in this area. Pending widely agreed standards on the appropriate rules for recording and counting crime, it is imperative to provide exhaustive metadata on all crime and criminal justice data that facilitate their correct interpretation. 186 “Principal offence rule" means that when more than one offence is committed simultaneously, only the most serious offence is recorded. For example, when it appears that a homicide and robbery have been committed simultaneously, under a principal offence rule, only the most serious offence (homicide) would be recorded. 187 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Forum on Crime and Society. Special issue “Collecting crime data indicators and measurement.” Volume 7. Page 81. 2008. New York, New York. Print. 188 Aebi, M. F. 2008, “Measuring the Influence of Statistical Counting Rules on Cross-National Differences in Recorded Crime”, in HEUNI, Crime and Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and North America 1994-2005, no. 55, pp. 196-214, Helsinki 2008.

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Annex 2: Alphabetical index

A Abandonment of an elderly person requiring care 020612 Abduction by another family member 020212 Abduction by a legal guardian 020213 Abduction of a minor 02021 Aborting a foetus against abortion regulations 0106 Abortion offences as defined by national legislation 0106 Abuse of authority 07033 Abuse of functions 07033 Abuse of official position 07033 Abuse of public office 07033 Access by deception 0501 Access to a computer system without right 09031 Acid attacks 020111 Active bribery 070311 Active bribery of a foreign public official and of an official of a public international organization 070311 Active bribery of a public official 070311 Acts against the king or royal family 0904 Acts against animals 10091 Acts against collective bargaining 08081 Acts against commercial or financial regulations 08042 Acts against computer systems 0903 Acts against freedom of expression 08031 Acts against health and safety 0902 Acts against health and safety at work 09021 Acts against liberty 0202 Acts against liberty or human dignity associated with armed conflict 110134 Acts against property involving violence or threat against a person 04 Acts against property only 05 Acts against public order behavioural standards 0801 Acts against public order sexual standards 0802 Acts against public order, authority, and provisions of the State 08 Acts against public revenue provisions 08041 Acts against public safety and security 09 Acts against regulations on betting 08043 Acts against state security 0904 Acts against the justice system 0806 Acts against the natural environment 10 Acts against trade regulations, restrictions or embargoes 08042

108

Acts causing alarm or distress outside of the workplace 020819 Acts causing harm or intending to cause harm to the person 02 Acts contrary to labour law 0808 Acts contrary to public revenue or regulatory provisions 0804 Acts contrary to youth regulations and acts on minors 1102 Acts intended to unduly influence voters at elections 08071 Acts involving controlled drugs or other psychoactive substances 06 Acts involving fraud, deception, or corruption 07 Acts involving proceeds of crime 0704 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste 1002 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste across national borders 10022 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste within national borders 10021 Acts involving weapons, explosives, and other destructive materials 0901 Acts leading to death or intending to cause death 01 Acts of forgery/counterfeiting documents 07023 Acts related to democratic elections 0807 Acts related to expressions of controlled social beliefs and norms 08032 Acts related to freedom or control of expression 0803 Acts related to migration 0805 Acts related to an organized criminal group 0905 Acts related to social and religious public order norms and standards 08012 Acts that cause environmental pollution or degradation 1001 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of air 10011 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of soil 10013 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of water 10012 Acts that endanger health 02071 Acts that result in the depletion or degradation of natural resources 1004 Acts that trespass against the person 0211 Acts under universal jurisdiction 1101 Adoption fraud 020291 Adulteration of food or medicine 02071 Adultery 08029 Affray 08011 Aggravated assault 020111 Aiding and abetting 08061 Air pollution 10011 Animal ownership or welfare offences (not amounting to wildlife trade offences) 10091 Apostasy 080321 Arson 0504 Assault 02011 Assault with a weapon 020111 Assaults and threats 0201 Assisting suicide 01041

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Assisting suicide or instigating suicide 0104 Attacking or bombarding towns, villages, dwellings or buildings that are undefended and are not military objectives 110132 Attempt to influence a fair trail 08061 Attempt to inflict death as a result of terrorist activities 0102 Attempted femicide 0102 Attempted infanticide 0102 Attempted intentional homicide 0102 Attempted murder 0102 Avoiding payment for services 05026 B Bag snatching not amounting to robbery 050221 Bag snatching with force 040111 Banditry 0401 Bank fraud 070112 Battery 020111 Begging 08012 Bestiality 08029 Betting and gambling offences 08043 Bigamy 08029 Blasphemy 080321 Bodily injury leading to death when no serious harm was intended 01031 Bonded labour 02031 Breach of bail conditions 08062 Breach of court order 08062 Breach of domestic violence or other restraining order 08062 Breach of justice order 08062 Breach of parole 08062 Breach of probation 08062 Breaking and entering 0501 Breaking and entering business premises 05011 Breaking and entering public premises 05013 Breaking and entering residential premises 05012 Breaking, entering, and stealing from hotel rooms or other rented premises 05012 Breaking, entering, and stealing from residential premises 05012 Breeding of dangerous animals 10032 Bribery 07031 Bribery in the private sector 07031 Bribery of foreign national public officials and officials of public international organizations 07031 Bribery of national public officials 07031 Bullying in the workplace 020811 Bullying outside the workplace 020819

110

Burglary 0501 Burglary of a shed/garage 05012 Burglary of business premises 05011 Burglary of premises that cannot be identified as public, private or business premises 05019 Burglary of public premises 05013 Burglary of private residential premises 05012 Burglary of non-permanent private residences 050122 Burglary of permanent private residences 050121 C Calumny 02091 Carjacking 040121 Carrying or possessing a handgun without a licence 090111 Cattle rustling 04014 Causing a car accident under the influence of alcohol 020721 Causing a car accident under the influence of illicit drugs 020722 Causing death by dangerous driving 010321 Causing death by driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol 010321 Causing death by negligent driving 010321 Causing death through breach of traffic safety rules Causing injury while driving or operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drugs 02072 Causing public nuisance 08012 Cheque/credit card fraud 07011 Child abandonment 020611 Child labour 0808 Child marriage 020292 Child neglect 020611 Child pornography 030221 Child prostitution 030222 Child sex tourism 030229 Child trafficking 0204 Coercion 0205 Collective labour law violations 08081 Commandeering 11012 Committing outrages upon personal dignity (including humiliating and degrading treatment) 110134 Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexual violence associated with armed conflict and constitution a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions 110133 Communicating infectious disease 0902 Competition and insolvency offences 08042 Completed intentional homicide 0101 Computer software piracy 0503

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Computer system damage 090321 Concealment of birth by secretly disposing of the body 0106 Concealment of stolen goods 07049 Concealment or continued retention of the proceeds of crime 07041 Conflict of interest 07039 Conscripting or enlisting child soldiers 110135 Conspiracy 08064 Conspiracy against the State 0904 Conspiracy to murder 0102 Conspiracy to procure or commit illegal abortion 0105 Contempt of court 08062 Contributing to delinquency of minors 11021 Copy rights infringements 0503 Copying computer files without authorization 09033 Corporate manslaughter 01032 Corporate or company offences 08042 Corruption 0703 Counterfeit means of payment other than cash 07021 Counterfeit medicines 07022 Counterfeit pharmaceutical products 07022 Counterfeit product offences 07022 Counterfeit product offences (bags, shoes, medicine, and prescriptions goods) 07022 Counterfeiting a visa 07023 Counterfeiting coins or notes 07021 Counterfeiting means of cash payment 070211 Counterfeiting means of non-cash payment 070222 Counterfeiting means of payment 07021 Counterfeiting stamps or tickets 07021 Creating child pornography 030221 Crime of aggression 11016 Crimes against humanity 11015 Criminal intent 08063 Criminal negligence of pilots, boat captains, and other professional operators of vehicles 02062 Criminal provisions relating to family (excluding violent family offences, child neglect, and abandonment) 0809 Criminal solicitation 08069 Criminal transmission of HIV/AIDS 02071 Criminal trespass 0509 Criminal violation of restrictions on the distribution/selling of alcohol products 060219 Criminal violation of restrictions on the distribution/selling of tobacco products 060222 Criminal violation of restrictions on the procurement of alcohol products 060219 Criminal violation of restrictions on the procurement of tobacco products 060222

112

Criminally negligent manslaughter 01032 Cross-border trafficking in waste 10022 Cross-border trafficking in wildlife 100312 Cruelty to pets 10091 Cultural and artistic property offences not amounting to theft or property damage 08049 Cyber-bullying 0208 Cyber-grooming 030223 Cyber-stalking 02082 D Dacoity 0401 Damage of business property 05043 Damage of personal property 05042 Damage of public property 05041 Damage or destruction of cultural monuments 08049 Damage to business property 05043 Damage to personal property 05042 Damaging, deletion, alteration, suppression of computer data 090322 Dangerous acts 0207 Dangerous, nuclear and chemical and substance offences 10019 Death as a result of terrorist activities 0101 Debt bondage 02031 Deception to procure sex 030112 Declaring that no quarter will be given 110131 Defamation or insult 0209 Defamation or insult due to the victim’s ascribed beliefs or values 02092 Defamation or insult due to the victim’s characteristics or ascribed attributes 02091 Defamation or insult to honour and dignity 02099 Deleting computer system files without authorization 090322 Denial of service attack 090321 Deprivation of liberty 02022 Destroy, damage, fabricate or tamper with evidence 08061 Destruction of a grave 02119 Destruction of a private dwelling 05042 Destruction of business property 05043 Destruction of government facilities 05041 Dine and dash 05023 Disclosure of official secrets 0904 Discrimination 02092 Dishonest appropriation 07039 Dishonest conversion 07032 Disorderly conduct 08012 Disturbing religious assemblies 08012

113

Domestic labour exploitation 020321 Domestic parental abduction 020211 Doping using controlled substances 06029 Downloading child pornography 030221 Dowry-related killing 0101 Drinking age violations 11021 Drinking age violations or selling alcohol to a minor 11021 Driving and texting 02063 Driving under the influence of alcohol 020721 Driving under the influence of illicit drugs 020722 Drug cultivation for personal consumption 060112 Drug cultivation not for personal consumption 060123 Drug-facilitated rape 030112 Drug-facilitated sexual assault 030121 Drug possession 06011 Drug production 06012 Drug pushing 060131 Drug trafficking 060132 Drug use 06011 Drugging or spiking 020112 E Electoral fraud 08079 Electronic or communication related hijacking 0903 Embezzlement 07032 Embezzlement in the private sector 07032 Embezzlement in the public sector 07032 Employing poison or poisoned weapons 110139 Employing weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare that are of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering 110139 Employment discrimination against a group 02102 Employment discrimination against a person 02101 Employment/labour law offences 0808 Encouraging others to dope 06029 Encouraging others to practice discrimination against a person or group 02109 Encouraging the consumption of controlled drugs 06019 Encouraging the unlawful consumption of alcohol 060219 Encouraging the unlawful use of tobacco products 060229 Escape from custody 08062 Escape from house arrest 08062 Euthanasia 0105 Exhibitionism 08029 Express kidnapping 020221

114

Extortion of persons, businesses, or institutions 02051 Extortion or blackmail 02051 Extrajudicial killings 0101 F Facilitating a drug trafficking operation 060121 Failure to appear before court or comply with jury summons 08061 Failure to offer aid leading to death 0109 Failure to offer aid to an injured person 02069 Failure to protect the health and well-being of flora and fauna 1009 Failure to provide for the needs of a servant/apprentice 020619 Failure to report a crime 08061 False accounting 07019 False claims fraud not amounting to medical fraud 070111 False imprisonment 020222 False representation of identity or professional status 07019 Falsifying, obliterating, removing or altering markings on a firearm 090119 Fare evasion 05026 Feigning commission of a crime 08061 Female genital mutilation 020111 Femicide 0101 Financial fraud 07011 Financial fraud against natural or legal persons 070112 Financial fraud against the State 070111 Financing terrorism 09062 Financing terrorist groups 09062 Firework offences 090119 Force or threat of force used to steal during the course of a residential burglary 040112 Forced abortion 0106 Forced begging 020329 Forced disappearance 020222 Forced domestic labour 020321 Forced labour 02032 Forced labour for domestic services 020321 Forced labour for industrial services 020322 Forced labour for the State or armed forces 020323 Forced labour in agriculture, construction, manufacturing, entertainment, fisheries, sweatshops, farms 020322 Forced marriage 020292 Forced sterilization 020111 Forcible entry and occupation 0509 Forcing a child to witness a sexual act or to view pornography 030229 Forgery/counterfeiting 0702

115

Forging a visa 07023 Forging or counterfeiting documents 07023 Forging or counterfeiting passports 07023 Forging signatures 07023 Forming a militia 0909 Forming groups with the intention of committing acts under universal jurisdiction 11019 Fraud 0701 Fraudulent failure to supply consumer goods 07019 Fraudulent insolvency 08042 Fraudulently making or altering non-cash forms of payment 070219 Fraudulently making or altering notes and coins 070211 Fraudulently making, receiving, obtaining or possessing instruments, articles, computer programs and other means of counterfeiting or altering non-cash forms of payment 070212 Fraudulent making, receiving, obtaining or possessing instruments, articles, computer programs and other means of counterfeiting or altering notes and coins 070211 Fraudulently making, receiving, obtaining or possessing instruments, articles, computer programs and other means of counterfeiting or altering documents 07023 Fraudulent pretence of marriage 07019 G Genocide 11014 Giving alcohol to an intoxicated person 06021 Giving false information 08061 Giving false testimony/perjury 08061 Glorification of violence 080322 Graffiti 0504 Grave digging 02119 Gross indecency with a child 030229 Gross negligent acts in the performance of professional duty 02062 Gross negligent conduct of medical procedures 02062 Gross negligent manslaughter 010322 Group discrimination 02102 H Hacking 09031 Harbouring smuggled migrants 08051 Hate mail 080322 Hate speech 080322 Health and safety at work offences 09021 Hiding a dead body 0909 Hiding or destroying money 07019 Hijacking 020223 Hijacking of an aircraft, car bus, ship or other motor vehicle 020223

116

Hindering the functioning of a computer system 090321 Hiring a mercenary 0909 Hiring a person to join an unlawful assembly 08019 Hit and run causing bodily injury 02063 Hit and run causing property damage 0504 Honour killing 0101 Hooliganism 08011 Hostage taking 020222 Housebreaking 05012 Housing discrimination against a group 02102 Housing discrimination against a person 02101 I Identity theft 07019 Ill treatment of animals 10091 Illegal adoption 020291 Illegal brewing of alcohol 06021 Illegal collective teaching of weapons use 09019 Illegal discharge of weapons 090111 Illegal distilling of alcohol 06021 Illegal domestic movement of trafficking of waste 10021 Illegal domestic waste dumping 10021 Illegal feticide 0105 Illegal hunting, fishing, or gathering of wild fauna and flora 10042 Illegal inundation 0504 Illegal logging 10041 Illegal mining 10043 Illegal movement of waste 1002 Illegal restraint 020222 Illegal sand mining 10041 Illegal slash and burn 10041 Illegal traffic in contraband 08044 Illegal trafficking of waste 1002 Illegal use of a motorized land vehicle 050219 Illegal waste dumping 1002 Illicit acts involving drug paraphernalia 06019 Illicit concealment or disguise of property related information 07041 Illicit cooking of controlled drugs 060122 Illicit enrichment 07035 Illicit manufacture of drugs in clandestine laboratories 060122 Illicit manufacture of controlled drugs 060122 Illicit trafficking in cultural property 07042 Impersonation 07019

117

Importation/exportation of illicit drugs 060121 Import, export, transport, receiving or obtaining of counterfeit documents with the knowledge that it is counterfeit 07023 Import, export, transport, receiving or obtaining of counterfeit non-cash payment with the knowledge that it is counterfeit 070219 Import, export, transport, receiving or obtaining of counterfeit notes and coins with the knowledge that it is counterfeit 070211 Improper disclosure of market-relevant information 08045 Incest or familial sexual offences not amounting to rape or sexual assault 08029 Incitement to racial hatred 080322 Incitement to terrorism 09069 Individual labour law violations 08082 Industrial espionage not amounting to forgery or counterfeiting 0503 Infanticide 0101 Inflicting bodily harm under aggravating circumstances 020111 Inflicting grievous bodily harm 020111 Inflicting minor bodily harm 020112 Injurious acts of a sexual nature 03 Insider dealing 08045 Instigating suicide through persuasion or other means 01049 Insult of the sovereign, the state, nation or state symbols 0809 Insulting a law enforcement officer 08069 Insulting the court 08069 Insurance fraud 07019 Intellectual property offences 0503 Intentional homicide 0101 Intentional miscarriages and still births 0106 Intentionally attacking buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, or hospitals, provided they are not military objectives 110132 Intentionally causing damage that is excessive in relation to direct military advantage 110132 Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare 110131 Interception of computer data without right 09033 Interfering with mail 02111 International parental abduction 020211 Invasion of privacy 02111 Invasion of private computer files 02111 Invasion of solitude or private concerns 02111 Investment fraud 070112 Investment or stock/shares offences 08042 Involuntary euthanasia 0105 Involuntary manslaughter 01031 Involuntary servitude 02031 Issuing, handling, or dealing in forged or altered prescription offences 06019 Ivory trafficking 10031

118

J Joining an unlawful assembly 08019 Joyriding 050212 K Keeping, managing, or knowingly financing a brothel 03021 Keeping, managing, or knowingly financing a brothel for child prostitution 030222 Kidnapping 020221 Killing associated with armed conflict amounting to war crime 11013 Killing by a combatant which is considered a criminal offence in the national legislation (and is prosecuted as such) but does not amount to a war crime 0107 Killing during armed conflict considered intentional homicide 0101 Killing or wounding a combatant who has laid down arms and surrendered 110131 Killing or wounding treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army 110131 Killings caused by excessive use of force by law enforcement/state officials 0101 Knowingly letting or renting a building or other place for the purpose of child prostitution 030222 Knowingly letting or renting a building or other place for the purpose of the prostitution of others 03021 L Larceny of a car, van, or truck 050211 Leaving without payment 05023 Libel 02091 Litter offences 08012 Loitering 08012 Long-term and severe damage or destruction of the natural environment 110132 Looting 0409 Luring a child 030229 M Making contact with a child in person to expose them gradually to sexually explicit material 030223 Making contact with a child through the internet and exposing them to sexually explicit material 030223 Maltreatment through physical abuse or mental cruelty 0219 Manipulating market transactions 08045 Manslaughter caused by negligence 01032 Manufacture, production or trafficking of chemical, biological or radio-active materials 090123 Manufacture, production or trafficking of prohibited weapons of explosives 090122 Manufacturing and trafficking of firearms, parts, components and ammunition 090121 Manufacturing products that present a risk to health and safety 0902 Market manipulation or insider trading 08045 Medical fraud or quackery not amounting to malpractice or medical negligence 07019 Medical negligence in prescriptions 02062

119

Menacing phone calls not amounting to stalking 020819 Military service offences not amounting to war crimes 0904 Minimum wage offences 0808 Minor assault 020112 Minor threat 020122 Misappropriation 07032 Misuse of cultural heritage 08049 Misuse of market-relevant information 08045 Mobbing in the workplace 020811 Mobbing outside the workplace 020819 Money laundering 07041 Moonshining 06021 Mortgage fraud 070112 Mugging 040111 Murder 0101 Mutilation of a dead body 02119 N Necrophilia 08029 Neglect of a child under care 020611 Neglect of an adult person under care 020612 Neglect of elderly persons 020612 Negligence in situations of children under care 020611 Negligence in situations of other dependent persons under care 020612 Negligence in situations of persons under care 02061 Negligence related to driving a vehicle 02063 Negligence related to family 020619 Negligence related to the duty to exercise care while operating a motor vehicle 02063 Negligence 0206 Negligent driving or operation of a vehicle 02063 Negligent manslaughter 01032 Negligent pedestrian offences 02069 Nepotism 07033 Noise complaints 08012 Non-consensual sexual penetration without physical force 030112 Non-injurious traffic violations 0907 Non-intentional homicide 0103 Non-negligent manslaughter 01031 Non-sexual harassment 02081 Non-vehicular homicide 010322 Non-voluntary euthanasia 0105 Not declaring a birth to the authorities 0809 Not giving a child one has found 0809

120

O Obscene material 08022 Obstruction of justice 08061 Obtaining goods by fraud 07019 Obtaining or possessing prohibited or unregistered materials 090113 Obtaining or using explosives without a permit 090112 Offences against government security or operations 0904 Offences under industrial law 0808 Offensive language or behaviour 08012 Offering for sale, distribution, purchase, of controlled drugs or precursors 06013 Offering sexual services for financial or other benefit 08021 Online banking fraud 07011 Operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol 020721 Operating a vehicle under the influence of illicit drugs 02072 Operating a vehicle under the influence of other psychoactive substances 020729 Operating a vehicle under the influence of psychoactive substances 02072 Organizing an unlawful assembly 08019 Organizing or facilitating the unlawful stay of a foreign citizen 08059 Organizing, supervising, or managing a drug distribution enterprise 060121 Other abduction of a minor 020219 Other acts against computer systems 09039 Other acts against health and safety 09029 Other acts against liberty 02029 Other acts against property involving violence against a person 0409 Other acts against property only 0509 Other acts against public administration or regulatory provisions 08049 Other acts against public order behavioural standards 08019 Other acts against public order sexual standards 08029 Other acts against public order, authority, and provisions of the State 0809 Other acts against public safety and state security 0909 Other acts against the justice system 08069 Other acts against the natural environment 1009 Other acts against the natural environment 10092 Other acts causing harm or intending to cause harm to the person 0219 Other acts contrary to youth regulations and acts on minors 11029 Other acts involving controlled drugs or other psychoactive substances 0609 Other acts involving fraud, deception or corruption 0709 Other acts involving proceeds of crime 07049 Other acts leading to death or intending to cause death 0106 Other acts of assisting or instigating suicide 01049 Other acts of burglary 05019 Other acts of coercion 02059

121

Other acts of corruption 07039 Other acts of forgery/counterfeiting 07029 Other acts of fraud 07019 Other acts of negligence 02069 Other acts of robbery 04019 Other acts of sexual exploitation 03029 Other acts of theft 05029 Other acts of sexual violence 03019 Other acts of slavery and exploitation 02039 Other acts related to an organized crime group 09059 Other acts related to democratic elections 08079 Other acts related to expressions of controlled social beliefs and norms 080329 Other acts related to freedom or control of expression 08039 Other acts related to migration 08059 Other acts related to possession or use of weapons and explosives 090119 Other acts related to the activities of a terrorist group 09069 Other acts related to trafficking of weapons and explosives 090129 Other acts related to weapons and explosives 09019 Other acts that cause environmental pollution or degradation 10019 Other acts that result in the depletion or degradation of natural resources 10049 Other acts that trespass against the person 02119 Other acts under universal jurisdiction 11014 Other assaults and threats 02019 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified 11 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified 1109 Other damage of property 05049 Other dangerous acts 02079 Other defamation or insult 02099 Other deprivation of liberty 020229 Other discrimination 02109 Other forced labour 020329 Other injurious acts of a sexual nature 0309 Other motorized vehicle theft 050219 Other negligence in situations of persons under care 020619 Other rape 030119 Other robbery from the person 040119 Other robbery of valuables or goods in transit 040122 Other sexual assault not elsewhere classified 030129 Other sexual exploitation of children 030223 Other theft of a motorized vehicle or parts thereof 050219 Other theft of business property 050239 Other theft of personal property 050229 Other trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora 10039

122

Other unlawful acts involving alcohol, tobacco or other controlled substances 06025 Other unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors 06019 Other unlawful production, handling, possession or use of alcohol products 060219 Other unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption 060129 Other war crimes 110139 Owning or occupying the property where the unlawful assembly is held 08019 P Parental abduction 020211 Participation in a terrorist group 09061 Participation in an organized crime group 09051 Participation or membership in a terrorist group 09061 Passive bribery 070312 Passive bribery of a foreign public official and of an official of a public international organization 070312 Passive bribery of a public official 070312 Paying for sexual services of a child 030222 Performing a sexual act in public 08029 Persistently calling a person not amounting to stalking 020819 Personal discrimination 02101 Perverting the course of justice 08061 Pharmaceutical offences 09021 Phone tapping 02111 Physical damage to public property in schools 05041 Physical sexual assault 030121 Physician-assisted suicide not amounting to euthanasia 01041 Pick pocketing 050221 Pillaging 110132 Pimping 03021 Pimping a child 030222 Piracy 011012 Planning to commit a criminal offence 08064 Plundering/pillaging from an unspecified location 0409 Poaching 10042 Poisoning 020111 Pollution through noise, vibration heat, light or radiation 10019 Polygamy 08029 Pornography offences 08022 Possessing other weapons such as gas or explosives or chemical, biological or radio-active materials 09011 Possessing prohibited or unregistered firearms, their parts and components or ammunition 09011 Possessing prohibited or unregistered weapons not amounting to a firearm 090112

123

Possession of an article for creation of counterfeit goods or instruments 07022 Possession of an article for the creation of counterfeit means of payment 07021 Possession of child pornography 030221 Possession of dangerous or controlled animals 10032 Possession of items to endanger life 090119 Possession of stolen goods or money 07049 Possession or use of weapons and explosives 09011 Possession, creation, or use of false weights for measure 07019 Possession, use or consumption of tobacco products in prohibited locations 060221 Post-incarceration supervision offences 08062 Preparation to commit a criminal offence 08064 Prevent, threaten or deceive a witness 08061 Price fixing 08045 Prison regulation offence 08069 Private nuisance 020819 Procurement and contractor fraud 070111 Procuring an illegal abortion 0106 Procuring sex under coercion or through abuse of power 030112 Procuring sexual images or other forms of child abuse materials 030221 Procuring sexual services 08021 Procuring, arranging, facilitating or controlling a person for illicit pornography 08022 Production, creating, distribution, dissemination, broadcast, transmission, sale, or possession of illicit pornography 08022 Production, sale, procurement, import, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools 09039 Professional malpractice 02062 Professional negligence 02062 Professional negligence leading to death 010322 Promotion of ethnic, racial, or religious hatred 080322 Propagation, promotion or dissemination of controlled political views or material 080329 Property damage 0504 Property damage by explosion 0504 Proselytism 080321 Prostitution offences 08021 Providing or consuming medicinal or other illegal products used to improve performance in sport 06029 Psychological violence 02089 Public drunkenness 08012 Public Fight 08011 Public health offences 0902 Public indecency 08029 Public mischief 08012 Public transport safety offences 09021 Pushing, slapping, kicking, hitting 020112

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Q Quarantine offences 0902 R Ram raiding 05011 Rape 03011 Rape with force 030111 Rape without force 030112 Receiving, handling, disposing, selling or trafficking stolen goods 07049 Recording transmissions without right within a wireless network 09033 Recruiting, enticing or procuring a child into prostitution 030222 Recruitment of training for terrorism 09069 Resisting arrest 08062 Retail selling of drugs through use of the internet 060131 Riot 08011 Road vehicle licensing, driving, registration, or road worthiness offences 0907 Robbery 0401 Robbery from a person in miscellaneous locations 040119 Robbery from the person 04011 Robbery from the person in a private location 040112 Robbery from the person in a public location 040111 Robbery in or from a railway 040121 Robbery of a bank 040131 Robbery of a business 040132 Robbery of a car or vehicle 040121 Robbery of a financial institution 040131 Robbery of a non-financial institution 040132 Robbery of a post office 040132 Robbery of a security van 040121 Robbery of an ATM 040131 Robbery of an establishment or institution 04013 Robbery of cargo on highways 040122 Robbery of cattle, goats, sheep, chickens or other livestock 04014 Robbery of livestock 04014 Robbery of petrol/gas station 040132 Robbery of property in a vehicle in transit 040121 Robbery of valuables or goods in transit 04012 S Sabotage 0904 Sabotage not amounting to dangerous or negligent acts 0504 Sale of noxious food or drink 02071

125

Sanitation offences not amounting to the adulteration of food or selling noxious food or drink 0902 Securities fraud 070112 Sedition 0904 Self-laundering 07041 Selling, offering to sale, distributing, marketing, advertising of illicit drugs or precursors Selling alcohol or tobacco to minors 11021 Selling weapons without a dealer's license or to an unlicensed person 09012 Serious assault 020111 Serious assault leading to death 0101 Serious threat 020121 Servitude 02031 Setting mantraps 02079 Setting up or operating a pyramid scheme 07019 Sex tourism not amounting to child sex tourism 08021 Sexual assault 03012 Sexual assault against a helpless person 03012 Sexual assault against a marital partner against his/her will 03012 Sexual assault by abuse of position 030121 Sexual exploitation 0302 Sexual exploitation of adults 03021 Sexual exploitation of children 03022 Sexual grooming of children 030223 Sexual harassment 030122 Sexual intercourse with a person below the age of consent 030113 Sexual intercourse with a person incapable of consent 030113 Sexual penetration with physical force 030111 Sexual violence 0301 Sexual violence associated with armed conflict 110133 Sexually indecent writing, pictures, or objects 08029 Sharing child pornography 030221 Sharing offensive material 02081 Shop robbery 040132 Shoplifting 050231 Simple assault 020112 Siphoning oil or fuel 050221 Slander 02091 Slavery 02031 Slavery and exploitation 0203 Smoking on aircrafts 060221 Smuggling of goods 08044 Smuggling of migrants offences 08051

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Smuggling ozone depletion substances (ODS) 10092 Sodomy not amounting to injurious acts of a sexual nature 08029 Soil Pollution 10013 Speeding 0907 Spying 0904 Squatting 0509 Stalking 02082 Stalking of a sexual nature 030122 Status offences 11021 Statutory rape 030113 Store card fraud 07011 Street robbery 040111 Subjecting persons to physical mutilation or medical/scientific experiments that are not justified or to the person's interest 110131 Substitution of a child for another child 0809 Swindling 07019 T Taking hostages during an armed conflict 110134 Taking human blood, organs, or tissues by use of violence 020111 Tariff, taxation, duty, and revenue offences 08041 Tax evasion 08041 Taxi robbery 040121 Terrorism 0906 The conversion or transfer of property 07041 The illicit acquisition, possession or use of laundered property 07041 The illicit concealment or disguise of property related information 07041 Theft 0502 Theft by burglary of a dwelling 05012 Theft by conversion 05029 Theft by employees 05023 Theft from a shop 050231 Theft from a vending machine 050239 Theft from garages, sheds, or lockups with no connecting door to a dwelling 050229 Theft from hotels, restaurants, cinemas, theatres, places of entertainment, offices and workshops 050239 Theft of a bicycle 050229 Theft of an electronic device from a vehicle 050222 Theft of a GPS device 050222 Theft of a motorcycle 050211 Theft of a motorized land vehicle 050211 Theft of a motorized land vehicle or parts thereof 05021 Theft of a pet 050229 Theft of a purse from a vehicle 050222

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Theft of boat or aircraft 050219 Theft of boat or aircraft parts 050219 Theft of business property 05023 Theft of business/office supplies by an employee 050239 Theft of car tires, motors, transmissions, windows, etc. 050213 Theft of cows, chickens, sheep, fish, etc. 05025 Theft of electric power, water, or other utility services 05026 Theft of livestock 05025 Theft of mail 05029 Theft of merchandise from a shop 050231 Theft of parts of a motor vehicle 050213 Theft of personal property 05022 Theft of personal property from a person 050221 Theft of personal property from a vehicle 050222 Theft of property outside of the dwelling 050229 Theft of public park equipment 05024 Theft of public property 05024 Theft of services 05026 Theft of television/cable signals 05026 Theft where entry was lawfully gained 05022 Theft with violence 0401 Threat 02012 Threat of a sexual nature 030122 Threaten or intimidate a justice or law enforcement official 08061 Threatening death or serious injury 020121 Threatening minor injury 020122 Threatening minor injury to a family member, friend or another person 020122 Threatening the death or serious injury of a family member, friend, or another person 020121 Torture 11011 Trade in prohibited species 10032 Trade or possession of prohibited or controlled species of fauna or flora 10032 Trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna or flora 1003 Trade or possession of protected species of wild fauna or flora 10031 Trade or possession of protected species within national borders 100311 Trade, trade descriptions, or import/export offences 08042 Trading financial products based on inside information 08045 Trading in influence 07034 Trading medicinal or other illegal products 06029 Traducement 02091 Trafficking in body parts not amounting to TIP for organ removal 02119 Trafficking in persons (TIP) 0204 Trafficking in persons for camel jockeying 02044 Trafficking in persons for commercial sexual exploitation 02041

128

Trafficking in persons for committing crimes 02044 Trafficking in persons for domestic work 02042 Trafficking in persons for forced labour or services 02042 Trafficking in persons for forced marriage 02044 Trafficking in persons for indentured servitude 02042 Trafficking in persons for liver removal 02043 Trafficking in persons for organ removal 02043 Trafficking in persons for other purposes 02044 Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation 02041 Trafficking in persons for slavery or similar practices 02042 Trafficking in persons for the exploitation of the prostitution of others 02041 Trafficking in precursor chemicals 060124 Trafficking in wildlife 1003 Trafficking of adults 0204 Trafficking of equipment for illicit manufacture, production or cultivation of controlled drugs 060129 Trafficking of chemical, biological or radioactive materials 090123 Trafficking of firearms 090121 Trafficking of other weapons or explosives 090122 Trafficking of protected species across national borders 100312 Trafficking of weapons and explosives 09012 Treason 0904 U Under-age marriage 11021 Union offences 08081 Unlawful access to a computer system 09031 Unlawful acquisition of housing or land 0509 Unlawful acts involving alcohol, tobacco, or other controlled substances 0602 Unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors 0601 Unlawful appropriation of a copyright 0503 Unlawful appropriation of property 0509 Unlawful censorship 08031 Unlawful confinement during an armed conflict 110134 Unlawful consensual acts between persons of the same sex 08029 Unlawful cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption 060112 Unlawful cultivation of controlled drugs not for personal consumption 060123 Unlawful deportation or transfer during an armed conflict 110134 Unlawful deprivation of liberty 020222 Unlawful destruction or damage to property associated with armed conflict 110132 Unlawful detainment 020222 Unlawful diversion of precursor chemicals 060124 Unlawful diversion of precursors not for personal consumption 060124

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Unlawful entry into a business with intent to commit an offence 05011 Unlawful entry into public property with intent to commit an offence 05013 Unlawful entry into residential premises with intent to commit an offence 05012 Unlawful entry with intent to commit an offence 0501 Unlawful entry/illegal border crossing 08059 Unlawful forms of sexual intercourse 08029 Unlawful interception or access of computer data 09033 Unlawful interference with a computer system 090321 Unlawful interference with a computer system or computer data 09032 Unlawful interference with computer data 090322 Unlawful killing associated with armed conflict 0107 Unlawful killing of civilians by parties to an armed conflict 110131 Unlawfully killing, causing or intending to cause death or serious injury associated with armed conflict 110131 Unlawful labour in labour camps 020323 Unlawful manipulation of the democratic process during elections 08079 Unlawful manufacture of controlled drugs not for personal consumption 060122 Unlawful possession or use of alcohol products 060211 Unlawful possession or use of chemical, biological, or radio-active materials 090113 Unlawful possession, purchase, use, cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption 06011 Unlawful possession, purchase or use of controlled drugs for personal consumption 060111 Unlawful possession or use of firearms 090111 Unlawful possession or use of other weapons or explosives 090112 Unlawful possession or use of tobacco products 060221 Unlawful procurement sale or distribution of glue, solvents or other substances with the potential to abuse by intoxication 02071 Unlawful production, handling, possession or use of alcohol products 06021 Unlawful production, handling, possession or use of tobacco products 06022 Unlawful production, trafficking or distribution of alcohol products 060219 Unlawful production, trafficking or distribution of tobacco products 060222 Unlawful promotion or advertising of alcohol products 060219 Unlawful promotion or advertising of tobacco products 060229 Unlawful restrictions on freedom of art 08031 Unlawful restrictions on freedom of speech 08031 Unlawful return from banishment or exile 08062 Unlawful storage of firearms or explosives 090119 Unlawful trade of possession of wildlife 1003 Unlawful trade or possession of endangered species 100311 Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption 06012 Unlawful trafficking of controlled drugs not for personal consumption 060121 Unlawful use of a dead body 02119 Unlawful use of ozone depletion substances 10092

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Unlawfully employing or housing a foreign citizen 08059 Unlawfully giving, receiving or soliciting a dowry 0809 Unlawfully obtaining or using a weapon without a permit 09011 Unlawfully possessing articles of disguise 08063 Unlawfully possessing instruments used for crime 08063 Unlicensed importing/exporting of weapons 09012 Unlicensed/unregistered practice in a trade or profession 07019 Unwanted groping or fondling 030121 Using a forged document to enter a State 08059 Using forged/counterfeit identity documents 07019 Using stolen parts for producing other goods (car-rebirthing) 07049 Usurpation 0904 V Vagrancy 08012 Vandalism 0504 Vehicular homicide 010321 Vehicular manslaughter 010321 Violating campaign finance laws 08079 Violating compulsory school attendance laws/truancy 11021 Violation of court-imposed sanctions 08062 Violation of driving license regulations 0907 Violation of privacy 02111 Violation of safety regulations 0907 Violation of secrecy of mail 02111 Violation of vehicle registration regulations 0907 Violations against hunting seasons 10091 Violations of norms on intolerance and incitement to hatred 080322 Violations of norms on religious beliefs/views 080321 Violations of obligations towards family 020619 Violent behaviour at sporting events 08011 Violent disorder 08011 Violent public disorder offences 08011 Voluntary manslaughter 0101 Vote buying 08071 Vote coercion 08071 Voyeurism 030129 W Wage and contract offences 08082 Wage discrimination against a group 02102 Wage discrimination against a person 02101 Waging a war or attempting to wage a war against the government not amounting to 0904

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the international crime of aggression War crimes 11013 Water pollution 10012 Wilful killing 110131 Wilfully depriving a prisoner of war or other protected persons of the rights to a fair and regular trial 110134 Wilful damage to a motor vehicle 0504 Wilfully causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health 110131 Wire fraud 07019 Workplace harassment 020811 Wounding 020111 Writing bad cheques 07011 Wrongful dismissal 08082 Wrongful transfer from work 08082 X No entries Y Youth curfew violations 11021 Z No entries