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INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMEFOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES (ICCS)
VERSION 1.0
Mar
ch 2
015
UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME
Vienna
INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES
VERSION 1.0
MARCH 2015
Copyright © 2015, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Acknowledgments
The development of the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes was coordinated by the UNODC Research and Trend Analysis Branch (RAB), Division of Policy Analysis and Public Affairs (DPA), under the supervision of Jean-Luc Lemahieu, Director of DPA, Angela Me, Chief of RAB, and Chloé Carpentier, Chief of RAB Statistics and Surveys Section.
Core team Research coordination and report preparation Enrico Bisogno Michael Jandl Jenna Dawson-Faber Lucia Motolinia Carballo Felix Reiterer Atsuki Takahashi Graphic design and layout: Suzanne Kunnen Kristina Kuttnig Editing: Jonathan Gibbons The International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) was developed using the “Principles and framework for an international classification of crimes for statistical purposes” produced by the UNECE-UNODC Joint Task Force on Crime Classification and endorsed by the Conference of European Statisticians in 2012. The ICCS was produced on the basis of the plan to finalize by 2015 an international classification of crime for statistical purposes, as approved by the Statistical Commission in its decision 44/110 and by the Economic and Social Council in its resolution 2013/37.
Gratitude is expressed to all Member States, international organizations and individual experts who contributed to the development of the ICCS. The continuous support of the UNODC-INEGI Center of Excellence on Statistics on Governance, Public Safety, Victimization and Justice is gratefully acknowledged, as is the contribution of Steven Malby who developed the initial concept of the classification. UNODC would also like to thank the United Nations Statistics Division and the members of its Expert Group on International Statistical Classifications for their valuable comments and contributions during the peer-review process.
This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. Suggested citation: UNODC, International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes, Version 1.0 Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Statistics and Surveys Section Research and Trend Analysis Branch Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime P.O. Box 500 1400 Vienna Austria E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (+43) 1 26060 0 Disclaimer
The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, Member States or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any endorsement. This document has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © United Nations, March 2015. All rights reserved, worldwide. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issue. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website.
TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE – INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 7
I. OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 The nature and purpose of the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes .............................. 7 The need for an international classification of crime ............................................................................................ 7 The challenge of developing an international classification of crime for a nationally defined event ................... 8 The process of building the international classification of crime .......................................................................... 9
II. PRINCIPLES USED IN THE ICCS ................................................................................................................................ 11 The definition of crime for the purposes of the ICCS ........................................................................................... 11 The unit of classification of the ICCS ................................................................................................................... 11 The application of the principles of statistical classification ............................................................................... 12 The criteria used to build the ICCS ...................................................................................................................... 13 Disaggregating variables as additional descriptors of criminal offences ........................................................... 15 Intentional homicide as a special case ................................................................................................................ 17
III. APPLICATION OF THE ICCS .................................................................................................................................... 19 Classifying offences for the purpose of the ICCS ................................................................................................. 19 The use of legal inclusions and exclusions in the ICCS ......................................................................................... 20 Additional disaggregating variables ................................................................................................................... 20 The relationship to other international classifications ........................................................................................ 22
PART TWO – BROAD AND DETAILED STRUCTURE ................................................................................................ 23
ANNEX 1: DATA COMPARABILITY, REPORTING RATES AND COUNTING RULES ........................................................................... 105 Defining and classifying crime .......................................................................................................................... 105 Reporting and detecting crime ......................................................................................................................... 105 Recording and counting crime .......................................................................................................................... 105
ANNEX 2 .................................................................................................................................................................. 107
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Part One – Introduction
I. Overview
The nature and purpose of the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes
The International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) is a classification of criminal offences which is based on internationally agreed concepts, definitions and principles in order to enhance the consistency and international comparability of crime statistics, and improve analytical capabilities at both the national and international levels.1
The ICCS provides a framework for the systematic production and comparison of statistical data across different criminal justice institutions and jurisdictions. This means that the ICCS is applicable to all forms of crime data, whatever the stage of the criminal justice process (police, prosecution, conviction, imprisonment) at which they are collected, as well as to data collected in crime victimization surveys.
At the international level, the ICCS improves the comparability of crime data between countries. Standardized concepts and definitions allow for the systematic collection, analysis and dissemination of data, and also respond to the demand for in-depth research and analysis of transnational crime. At the national level, the ICCS can be used as a model to provide structure and organize statistical data that are often produced according to legal rather than analytical categories. Moreover, the ICCS can harmonize data across domestic criminal justice institutions (police, prosecutions, courts, prisons) and across different data sources (administrative records and statistical surveys).2 Likewise, the ICCS can be used as a tool to standardize data from sub-national entities that may have different statistical systems or legal frameworks.
The need for an international classification of crime
Reliable crime statistics are critical for measuring changes in crime levels, monitoring state responses to crime, evaluating policies and understanding the various facets of crime in different contexts. Often, raw data from different stages of the criminal justice process are available, but the purposeful collection and organization of these data into statistical form is required to produce valuable information for use in decision-making. The comparison of crime statistics across time, between countries or with other available statistics is particularly difficult due to the lack of standardized concepts and the absence of an internationally agreed statistical framework to make such comparisons possible.3
1 The terms “crime” and “criminal offence” are used interchangeably in this document. 2 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Report of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on a road map to improve the quality and availability of crime statistics at the national and international levels (19 December 2012). E/CN.3/2013/11. 3 Other factors affecting the comparability of crime statistics refer to the fact that only a varying proportion of criminal offences are reported and recorded by public authorities and to the use of different practices to produce statistical counts of crimes. For a review see Annex 1 (see also: United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Report of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico on crime statistics. E/CN.3/2012/3).
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To illustrate, various data sources, often within the same jurisdiction, use different definitions and concepts to organize crime data which are often based on legal rather than statistical principles.4 This close and intertwined relationship between legislation and statistics creates problems from an analytical perspective: statistical data are often organized and categorized according to legal provisions, such as articles in legal or penal codes, which are not always relevant from an analytical standpoint. Furthermore, comparability across time and jurisdictions can be hampered by changes in legislation and, for example, by the fact that the same act can be criminalized under very different legal provisions in different countries, or may be considered a criminal offence in one country but not in another.
The ICCS addresses these issues by providing a methodological and statistical standard and a common definitional framework to improve data quality and comparability. Offences are grouped in a meaningful and systematic way, resulting in an improvement in the capability to produce, disseminate and analyse crime data accurately in order to inform the public and tailor policies and programmes in the areas of crime prevention, rule of law and criminal justice reform.
The challenge of developing an international classification of crime for a nationally defined event
Currently, national statistics on crime refer to criminal offences as defined by each country’s criminal law system. Without legal harmonization, differences in the definition of offences are inevitable and international comparison must always be placed in the context of these differences. For example, one country may require physical contact for an offence to be considered an assault, while another country may not.
In order to overcome such challenges, the approach used by the ICCS is to consider “criminal” acts in national and international laws as the universe of acts that are subject to classification within the ICCS. However, the specific classification of such acts (i.e. their allocation to analytical categories) is based on behavioural descriptions rather than strictly legal specifications derived from criminal laws. Crimes as defined in criminal law are typically associated with actions or behavioural and contextual attributes that are universally considered to be an offence (for example, wounding or injuring, or taking property without consent). This event-based approach avoids issues created by legal complexities, resulting in a simplified and globally applicable classification.
It is important to note that the ICCS uses specific terms, such as “rape”, “harassment” or “burglary”, which are widely recognized and defined in criminal legislation. These terms are given a specific description in the ICCS, which is intended to be used for statistical purposes. The adoption of the ICCS at the national level will require the attentive translation of offences as defined by national legislation into ICCS categories, with careful consideration of the full act/event descriptions and explanatory notes.
4 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Conference of European Statisticians. Report of the UNODC/UNECE Task Force on Crime Classification to the Conference of European Statisticians. 2011. Available: www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Report_crime_classification_2012.pdf>.
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The process of building the international classification of crime
The Social Commission of the United Nations first highlighted the importance of preparing a standard classification of offences in 1951.5 However, successive endeavours to develop such an international crime classification were fraught with challenges due to disparities in definitions, national legislations and reporting systems.
Concrete steps to overcome such limitations were made in 2009 when the Conference of European Statisticians established a Task Force, led by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), to develop a crime classification framework based on behavioural descriptions rather than legal codes.6 The framework of the first international crime classification was developed by the Task Force and approved by the Conference of European Statisticians at the 60th plenary session in June 2012.7
The proposal to develop a full international crime classification was discussed at the 43rd session of the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC)8 and the 21st session of the United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ).9 At the next session of both UNSC and CCPCJ, both Commissions approved the plan to develop an international classification of crime for statistical purposes,10 in consultation with statisticians and experts from national statistical offices, other national government institutions and regional and international organizations.
Three consultation meetings were held between 2012 and 2014, and two large-scale testing exercises of successive versions of the ICCS were also undertaken in the same period.11 Both testing exercises confirmed the feasibility of developing and implementing the ICCS, with a view to gradually applying it to statistics produced at the national level. A final draft version of the ICCS was sent to Member States
5 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Social Commission. Criminal Statistics: Recommendations of the Secretary-General (8 January 1951). E/CN.5/233. 6 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Terms of Reference of UNECE/UNODC Task Force on Crime Classification (16 October 2009). ECE/CES/BUR/209/OCT/2012. 7 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Conference of European Statisticians. Report of the UNODC/UNECE Task Force on Crime Classification to the Conference of European Statisticians. 2011. Available:www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Report_crime_classification_2012.pdf>. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Conference of European Statisticians. Report of the Conference of European Statisticians Sixtieth plenary session (6-8 June 2012). ECE/CES/83. 8 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Report of the forty-third session (28 February-2 March 2012). E/2012/24, E/CN.3/2012/34. 9 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Report of the twenty-first session (13 December 2011 and 23-27 April 2012). E/2012/30, E/CN.15/2012/24. 10 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. Report of the twenty-second session (7 December 2011 and 22-26 April 2013). E/2013/30, E/CN.15/2013/27. United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Report of the forty-fourth session (26 February-1 March 2013). E/2013/24, E/CN.3/2013/33. 11 The first consultation meeting was held in October 2012 in Mexico City and was attended by representatives from 13 countries in the Americas, Asia and Europe, as well as representatives from international organizations. Among other issues, the meeting analysed the results of a first testing of the draft classification framework among 16 volunteer countries. The second consultation meeting took place in February 2013 in Vienna and was attended by representatives from 18 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe, as well as representatives from international organizations and research institutes. The third and final consultation meeting in the form of an Expert Group Meeting held in Vienna in May 2014 was attended by representatives from 31 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe, and representatives from international organizations and research institutes. This meeting reviewed an advanced version of the ICCS that was informed in turn by the results of a second comprehensive testing exercise, which took place in 2014 with the participation of 41 volunteer countries (of which 6 were from Africa, 7 from Asia, 7 from the Americas, 19 from Europe and 2 from Oceania). The complete documentation of the process followed in the development of the ICCS is available at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/statistics/iccs.html.
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and other relevant organizations by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the United Nations Statistical Division in August 2014.12
At its 46th session in March 2015 the United Nations Statistical Commission endorsed the ICCS as an international statistical standard for data collection, both from administrative records and survey generated data, and as an analytical tool to elicit unique information on crime drivers and factors. The SC also confirmed UNODC as the custodian of the ICCS and endorsed the implementation plan for the classification at national, regional and international levels, including the creation of a technical advisory group to provide substantive advice and support to the maintenance of the ICCS. 13
Developed with the active participation and collaboration of experts from several countries, who participated in the expert group meetings and testing exercises and provided inputs and comments, the present version of the ICCS is the result of extensive consultations and collaboration between national statistical offices, other national government institutions, regional and international organizations, including UNODC, the UNODC-INEGI Center of Excellence (COE) on Statistics on Governance, Public Safety, Victimization and Justice, the World Health Organisation (WHO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Eurostat, the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) and the Organisation of American States (OAS). Furthermore, the ICCS has been reviewed by the Expert Group on International Statistical Classifications, the central coordinating body of the work on international classifications established by the United Nations Statistical Commission.
12 Final comments were received from 44 Member States (2 from Africa, 9 from the Americas, 13 from Asia, 19 from Europe and 1 from Oceania) and 6 international organizations and addressed in the final review of the classification. 13 United Nations Economic and Social Council. Statistical Commission. Draft report of the forty-sixth session (3 - 6 March 2015).
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II. Principles used in the ICCS
The definition of crime for the purposes of the ICCS
While certain common elements, such as “harm” and “wrongfulness”, can be associated with crime, they cannot wholly and operationally define it. Moreover, the vast disparity in approaches and sources used in the establishment of criminal laws by different countries makes it impossible to create a consistent and comprehensive definition of crime. The common denominator of what constitutes a “crime” is that it consists of behaviours which are defined as criminal offences and are punishable as such by law. The offences defined as criminal are established by each country’s legal system and the codification of crimes (criminal code, penal code, etc.).
As a result, “crime” is considered by the ICCS to be the punishable contravention or violation of the limits on human behaviour as imposed by national criminal legislation. Each criminal offence has a perpetrator — person, corporation or institution — which is liable for the criminal behaviour in question.
The unit of classification of the ICCS
The unit of classification14 of the ICCS is the act that constitutes a criminal offence. The description of the criminal offence is provided in terms of the behaviour shown by the perpetrator(s) of a crime. The apparent behaviour is in most cases sufficient to define an offence for the purposes of the ICCS, while in some cases additional elements need to be taken into account, such as the intentionality (state of mind) of the perpetrator or the condition/status of the victim (for example, whether he/she is a minor); in other cases, a crime is defined by a sequence of behaviours, as in the case of trafficking in persons, for example.15
Defining and classifying the type of crime event is the primary focus of the classification, which aims to assign all criminal offences to categories on the basis of a number of criteria (see section: “The criteria used to build the ICCS”). The ICCS also provides for a number of additional attributes of the crime event, which, though not determinant of the nature of the crime, are very important additions that provide analytical insight to statistical data on crime, such as selected characteristics of victims or perpetrators (see section: “Disaggregating variables as additional descriptors of criminal offences”).
Besides classifying criminal offences, the ICCS can also be used in relation to other events or conditions related to the criminal justice process, such as arrests, prosecutions, convictions and prison sentences, as well as persons involved as perpetrators or victims. If consistently used by all relevant data sources, the ICCS can measure the flows and links between the different stages of the criminal justice system. For example, if the ICCS is applied at all stages of the criminal justice process, links can be made between data on a given offence (whether from administrative data or from victimization surveys), the number of arrests for the same type of offence and, in sequence, on prosecutions, convictions and on persons in prison for the same type of offence.
14 The classification unit is the basic unit to be classified in the classification (e.g. in an activity classification this would be the establishment or enterprise, in an occupational classification it would be the job). Source: United Nations. Statistical Division. UN Glossary of Classification Terms. "Classification Unit". Web: <http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/family/glossary_short.asp>. 15 United Nations. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. 2000. Doc. A/55/383, A/RES/55/25.
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The application of the principles of statistical classification
The ICCS is based on established statistical practices and principles. By definition, a statistical classification is: “A set of discrete, exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories which can be assigned to one or more variables used in the collection and presentation of data, and which describe the characteristics of a particular population”.16 Particular care has been taken that the following core characteristics of an international statistical classification have been implemented in the ICCS:
Mutual exclusivity: every elementary manifestation of the phenomenon under study should be assigned to one and only one category of the classification such that there are no overlaps
Application of the principle of mutual exclusivity: the ICCS can be used to classify every offence into one and only one category of the classification with no overlaps. The description of each category clearly defines the respective event/behaviour with additional guidance provided by legal inclusions and exclusions (examples of criminal offences in national legislation that are respectively included in, or excluded from, that category), which will further clarify the boundaries of each category.
The use of additional crime disaggregations or “tags” (explained in more detail below) provides a method to deal with cases that could be attributed to one offence or another. For example, a fraud offence perpetrated through the use of a computer is classified as a fraud with a cybercrime-related tag. Similarly, a trafficking in persons offence perpetrated by an organized criminal group is classified as trafficking in persons with an organized crime tag.
Exhaustiveness: every possible manifestation of the phenomenon under study should be included in the classification
Application of the principle of exhaustiveness: while the ICCS aims to cover every manifestation of crime, it is clear that this principle needs to be adopted with due consideration as to what is feasible. The sheer number of acts criminalized in statutes, regulatory provisions and judicial decisions in any given country, as well as continuous legislative changes, hamper any attempt to build a comprehensive listing of all criminal offences that exist globally. A realistic goal for the classification is thus to capture acts or events generally known to constitute criminal offences in a sufficient number of countries, at a certain level of detail, determined by carefully balancing the classification for practicality and policy-relevance at an international level. In addition, the ICCS does not include classification categories for events that generally constitute administrative offences (such as minor traffic violations).
As such, the ICCS also includes some events or behaviours that are criminalized in some countries while being legal in others. In a small number of cases, the criminalization of certain acts has been held to contravene international human rights law.17 In such cases, it is important to note that the ICCS should not be viewed as supporting or legitimizing the criminalization of any offence presented within the classification, but be taken as a statistical standard that attempts to provide realistic, global coverage of every manifestation of crime for statistical purposes.
16 Andrew Hancock, Best Practice Guidelines for Developing International Statistical Classifications. United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs. Statistical Division. ESA/STAT/AC.267/5 of 6 May 2013. Available at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/intercop/expertgroup/2013/AC267-5.PDF. 17 See, for example, Concluding observations of the UN Human Rights Committee: CCPR/CO/79/LKA (abortion); [CCPR/C/SDN/CO/3 (apostasy); CCPR/C/UZB/CO/3 (proselytism)]; CCPR/C/PHL/CO/4 (libel and defamation).
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Statistical feasibility: it is possible to effectively, accurately and consistently distinguish between the categories in the classification on the basis of the information available
Application of the principle of statistical feasibility: the statistical feasibility of a statistical classification means that observations can be allocated to categories in the classification on the basis of the information available; for example, on the basis of responses to questions that can be reasonably asked in statistical surveys or on administrative forms.18 The ICCS supports this by carefully defining the criminal act on the basis of behavioural descriptions, supplemented with examples of legal inclusions and exclusions for each category.
Statistical feasibility was tested on the basis of existing data collections of a significant number of countries which participated in testing subsequent draft versions of the ICCS by allocating data on criminal offences to the categories of the classification (see section: “The process of building the international classification of crime”).
The criteria used to build the ICCS
Criminal offences can be seen, and classified, from a multitude of angles: their impact on victims, the way they have been perpetrated, the offender’s motive and the seriousness of the offence, to name but a few. In building the classification, priority has been given to criteria which are particularly relevant from a policy perspective: the ICCS categories, and the data produced accordingly, should provide information that can be easily understood and used when developing crime prevention and criminal justice policies. For example, data organized along the lines of the ICCS should provide answers to questions on trends and comparisons regarding acquisitive crime, or crime of a sexual nature, or on more complex constructs such as financial crime or offences committed by organized criminal groups. A number of criteria have been used to build the hierarchical structure of the ICCS, in the attempt to build categories that can respond to a variety of information needs. In particular, the following criteria have been used to form categories of the ICCS:
policy area of the act/event (protection of property rights, protection of health, etc.)
target of the act/event (e.g. person, object, natural environment, State, etc.)
seriousness of the act/event (e.g. acts leading to death, acts causing harm, etc.)
means by which the act/event is perpetrated (e.g. by violence, threat of violence, etc.).
Based on these criteria,19 criminal offences can be grouped in homogenous categories, which are aggregated at four different hierarchical levels: Levels 1, 2, 3 and 4.20 There are 11 Level 1 categories designed to cover all acts or events that constitute a crime within the scope of the ICCS. Criminal offences at Levels 2, 3 and 4 can be summed to provide observations at more aggregated levels, while observations at higher levels can be subdivided into lower-level categories.21
18 See, Andrea Hancock, op. cit, p.9. 19 The four criteria are applied on the basis of the policy-relevance of particular groupings without an overall priority of one over the other. 20 As specific nomenclature, Level 1 may also be referred to as Sections, Level 2 as Divisions, Level 3 as Groups and Level 4 as Classes. 21 United Nations. Statistical Division. UN Glossary of Classification Terms. "Group". Available at: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/family/glossary_short.asp. For reasons of clarity and space, categories at the higher levels that are not further disaggregated are not repeated at the lower levels.
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Criminal offences can be identified at the level of detail that is of interest. The ICCS has also been designed with a view to being a flexible tool to create “meta-categories”. If needed, categories can be aggregated across categories at different levels. For example, Level 1 category “Acts against property involving violence or threat against a person” can be aggregated with Level 1 category “Acts against property only” to form a new meta-category “Acts against property”.
The numerical coding of the categories is in accordance with their level in the classification: Level 1 categories are the broadest categories and have a two-digit code (e.g. 01); Level 2 categories have a four-digit code (e.g. 0101); Level 3 categories have a five-digit code (e.g. 01011); and Level 4 categories, the most detailed level, have a six-digit code (e.g. 010111).
LEVEL 1 CATEGORIES
1 Acts leading to death or intending to cause death
2 Acts leading to harm or intending to cause harm to the person
3 Injurious acts of a sexual nature
4 Acts against property involving violence or threat against a person
5 Acts against property only
6 Acts involving controlled psychoactive substances or other drugs
7 Acts involving fraud, deception or corruption
8 Acts against public order, authority and provisions of the State
9 Acts against public safety and state security
10 Acts against the natural environment
11 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified
In particular, the 11 categories in Level 1 have been chosen based on all the four criteria above, as well as by giving due attention to categories often used in national data, on the grounds of facilitating the practical implementation of the ICCS. The same criteria are used to identify categories at Levels 2, 3 and 4. For example, based on the target of an act/event, sexual exploitation is disaggregated into sexual exploitation of adults and sexual exploitation of children. Sexual exploitation of children is further disaggregated into four Level 4 categories based on policy relevance: child pornography; child prostitution; sexual grooming of children; and other sexual exploitation of children.
The categories in Levels 1, 2 and 3 of the ICCS are intended to be complete and to encompass every possible criminal offence. However, not all Level 2 and 3 categories are further divided into Level 4 categories since the latter are not always necessary to identify policy-relevant offences.
All categories at each level of the classification are described in detailed terms. Each offence has an act- or event-based description, which is the core set of actions, behavioural and contextual attributes that define the offence. Descriptions are accompanied by legal inclusions and exclusions to identify the most common or important criminal offences included in, or excluded from, the category. For example, the ICCS defines negligence through the core behavioural actions: the failure to exercise the care towards others which a reasonable or prudent person would exert under the circumstances; or taking action that a
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reasonable person would not take. Furthermore, negligence in situations of persons under care is defined with the addition of contextual attributes — in this case, the victim — as behavioural attributes alone cannot define acts that are criminalized separately (often with a higher penalty) due to the specific vulnerability of the target of the act, rather than the overall behaviour itself.
Disaggregating variables as additional descriptors of criminal offences
The categories of the ICCS capture and describe the nature of criminal offences, but a number of other characteristics are also essential to enable the full identification of policy-relevant patterns and trends in crime and to conduct comprehensive and detailed analyses. For example, when producing statistics on intentional homicide, additional value is provided if data can be disaggregated by the characteristics of the victims and the perpetrators, by the use of firearms or by motives for killings. To this end, additional disaggregating variables (also called “tags”) that enable the coding of additional information about an offence are provided, which helps to enrich the analysis with specific event, victim and perpetrator characteristics related to any particular crime.
In the current practice of national crime recording systems, the number, structure and application of such additional disaggregating variables to datasets on crime and criminal justice statistics vary greatly, and are often determined by factors such as specific policy needs; recording and processing capacities at the local, regional and national levels of data collection; the level of development and sophistication of the national crime statistics system; and the degree of automation and digitalization of data collection. In particular, the last of these criteria (i.e. whether it is a paper or a computer-based system) determines if a national crime statistics system can support a comprehensive structure of disaggregating variables.
In systems where data collection, transmission and aggregation are automated through electronic data capture, storage, transfer and compilation, it is more likely that data are organized in a way which allows for the capture and retrieval of every possible detail. For example, all relevant details of a criminal offence, such as the characteristics of the perpetrator and victim, can be captured and stored electronically in a unit record. Multiple types of statistical outputs can then be obtained, for example, by disaggregating data on individual offences by selected disaggregating variables (for example, corruption offences by economic sector or trafficking in persons by citizenship of the victims) or by using disaggregating variables in combination with several crime categories (for example, by considering the sex and age of victims of all “violent offences” or the geographical location of all “property crimes”).
The system of disaggregating variables is thus an additional tool for use in a comprehensive system of crime and criminal justice statistics, the realization of which relies heavily on the existence of an automated data collection system.
A large number of event, victim and perpetrator characteristics could theoretically be of interest in different parts of the world. For practical reasons, not all possible disaggregations can be mentioned in the ICCS.22 Nevertheless, in cases where a system of disaggregating variables is implemented or is planned to be implemented in the future, it is beneficial to apply a harmonized set of basic policy-relevant characteristics of crimes, perpetrators and victims for analytical and comparative purposes. For example, using the same disaggregations for data on the victim-perpetrator relationship (such as current intimate 22 Many theoretically feasible disaggregations are of interest in specific socio-cultural contexts only or are highly idiosyncratic as to their possible specifications, such as race, ethnicity, caste, religion and other characteristics of victims and perpetrators.
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partner/spouse, former intimate partner/spouse, blood relative, etc.) would greatly assist the cross-national analysis of patterns and trends in violent crime and its enabling and mitigating factors. Based on their policy relevance, the supplementary table to the ICCS indicates that the following minimum set of disaggregating variables should be applied to criminal offences where relevant:
event descriptions: degree of completion, type of weapon used, situational context, geographical location, date and time, type of location, motive, cybercrime-related, reporting entity;
victim descriptions: sex, age, age status, citizenship, legal status, economic sector (of victimized businesses), intoxication status;
perpetrator descriptions: sex, age, age status, victim-perpetrator relationship, citizenship, legal status, intoxication status, repeat offender.
The proposed system of disaggregating variables can be implemented by national crime recording institutions in a number of different ways. A comprehensive statistical solution would integrate at least the minimum set of disaggregating variables in the template used for (electronic) unit records of any type of crime, thus allowing a full analysis of any offence, perpetrator or victim by any relevant combination of disaggregating variable required.23 A more limited option, for example, would be the collection of only certain perpetrator or victim characteristics for all crimes (separate counts for juvenile perpetrators, for example) while an interim option would be the collection of an expanded number of event, perpetrator and victim characteristics on a few core crimes only (such as homicide, robbery or trafficking in persons).
Given the specific value of data on intentional homicide, due to the gravity of the crime and its impact on the wider community, additional disaggregating variables which provide a higher level of detail about the situational context, social relationships and killing mechanism are necessary to describe this offence (see below).
For any available dataset, further data descriptors should be made available to facilitate the interpretation of statistical data. While most of the crimes, and their statistical reporting, refer to offences actually committed by one or more direct perpetrators (whether known or not), data can also include cases of threats to commit a certain crime or when the offence consisted of planning or assisting others to commit it. It is therefore important that information be provided about whether available data on criminal offences (and perpetrators) include or exclude the following behaviours in the counts for the categories:
threats to commit the crime
aiding/abetting/accessory to the crime
accomplice to the crime
conspiracy/planning the crime
incitement to commit the crime.
This information should ideally be captured and stored for every criminal offence to indicate whether the recorded event refers to a threat, a case of aiding/abetting/accessory to the crime or any other typology in the list above. In such cases, the desired statistical outputs can be produced by either including or
23 Not all “‘tags”’ are applicable to all crime types (e.g. “attempted” does not apply to negligent homicide; “type of weapon used” or “motive” do not apply to theft or fraud; and “age of victim” does not apply to illegal logging). Consequently, only a certain part of the resulting combinations will be sensible and policy-relevant.
17
excluding such events from the aggregate counts. Alternatively, the information on the inclusion of such cases can be provided at an aggregated level of crime categories, in the form of meta-data.
Intentional homicide as a special case
The study of intentional homicide is relevant not only because of the gravity of the offence, but also because intentional homicide is one of the most measurable and comparable indicators for monitoring violent deaths and is often considered both a proxy for violent crime as well as an indicator of levels of security within countries. According to the ICCS, intentional homicide is “unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury.” Such a definition provides clear guidance for the determination of whether a specific act of killing is to be considered intentional homicide for the purpose of producing statistics.
However, in some cases, contextual circumstances also have to be taken into account when determining whether, for statistical purposes, certain killings have to be included in the count of homicides. This occurs for killings during situations of collective violence — such as during armed conflicts, or in situations of civil unrest — where it is important to distinguish between different types of killings, as the context can determine if and how such acts should be coded in the ICCS. Although producing statistical data in such situations can be very challenging, it is nonetheless important to provide guidance on which killings should be considered within the ICCS and about how to classify them for the purpose of producing internationally consistent statistics on homicide.
Killings during civil unrest
Killings during civil unrest are those which occur during a situation of violent hostilities between two or more parties that does not amount to an internal armed conflict,24 and may include riots or other sporadic acts of violence linked to strikes or protests/demonstrations that turn violent. As these situations do not usually amount to internal armed conflict, and thus are not to be considered within the legal framework in force during conflicts, each violent death that occurs during a situation of civil unrest should be classified according to the same standards applicable to intentional homicide. This means that each killing needs to be examined and attributed to the applicable type according to the factual circumstances, based on whether, for example, the killing was unlawful and intentional. When such killings are classified as intentional homicides in the ICCS, there is the option to use the disaggregating variable tag for intentional homicides, “Situational Context — Related to civil unrest”, which allows for the statistical identification of the situational context in which killings of this nature take place (see Table: III ).
Killings during armed conflict
International humanitarian law distinguishes between two types of armed conflict:25 (1) international armed conflicts, which exist wherever there is a resort to armed force between States;26 and (2) non-international armed conflicts (or internal armed conflict), which occur whenever there is protracted armed
24 See section “Killings during armed conflict” for definitions of armed conflict. 25 See also D. Schindler, “The Different Types of Armed Conflicts According to the Geneva Conventions and Protocols”. RCADI Vol. 163, 1979-II, p. 147, and ICTY, The Prosecutor v. Fatmir Limaj, Judgement, IT-03-66-T, 30 November 2005, paras. 94-134. 26 Common article 2 of the Geneva Conventions.
18
violence between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups within a State.27
While the first type of conflict is largely related to armed actions perpetrated by the military forces of States, non-international armed conflicts are more difficult to define and identify. In particular, in the continuum of situations of collective violence within a country, it is important to distinguish situations of civil unrest from those of internal armed conflict. The elements that determine the difference are the threshold of intensity of hostilities (whether hostilities are of a collective character, or whether the Government uses military force rather than police force against insurgents), and the degree of organization of the group (whether the armed group is sufficiently organized, with a command structure, headquarters and the ability to plan and carry out military operations). In situations of armed conflict, the following types of killings should be classified within the ICCS:
in situations of armed conflict, any targeted or excessive killing by a combatant (acting in association with or in the context of the conflict) of a civilian taking no active part in the hostilities can be recorded as a war crime in 11013 (Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified; Acts under universal jurisdiction; War crimes);
in situations of armed conflict, the killing of combatants by other combatants which is in breach of international humanitarian law can also be coded to 11013; for example, wilful killing of parties to the conflict that are hors de combat;28
a killing perpetrated by a combatant which is not directly in association with the armed conflict, or by a civilian taking no active part in hostilities in a situation of armed conflict should not be considered as associated with the conflict, and should be analysed as any other killing, irrespective of the conflict situation, and classified into the existing typologies of violent death according to the standard definitions;
killing by a combatant which is considered a criminal offence in the national legislation (and is prosecuted as such) but does not amount to a war crime, should be classified under 0107 (Unlawful killing associated with armed conflict).
These standards can be very challenging to apply when there is a lack of operational capabilities to measure and identify different killings, and, indeed, in situations of collective violence a large share of killings may remain unreported. However, in the case of killings that are recorded, establishing strict boundaries for this ambiguous field will help to distinguish intentional homicide from other killings and increase data quality and comparability around the world.
Additional disaggregations of intentional homicide
Once it has been established whether a particular act of killing is to be classified and counted as an intentional homicide, there is often a need for more detailed quantitative information on the social contexts and mechanisms of intentional homicide that can help to design better evidence-based policies for preventing and responding to this particular type of crime. For comparative and analytical purposes, three classification criteria are particularly relevant for the characterization of intentional homicide and
27 Common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions. 28 International Humanitarian Law prohibits wilful killing of parties to the conflict that are hors de combat, as well as treacherous killing of parties to the conflict. Geneva Conventions (1947).
19
can be used to define it in more detail.29 These three criteria (Situational context; Relationship between victim and perpetrator; and Mechanism of killing) have been used to build three additional disaggregation tables that are applicable for intentional homicide only (see Tables III, IV and V).
III. Application of the ICCS
Classifying offences for the purpose of the ICCS
To implement the ICCS it is necessary to properly allocate any given offence to one of the ICCS categories. This requires knowledge of the ICCS structure before attempting to classify offences. As previously mentioned, the ICCS is a hierarchical classification and the first step is to identify which Level 1 category is the most relevant to the particular offence in question. To allow easy reference to the appropriate category, each Level 1 category is defined by the broad actions, attributes or events that it encompasses. For example, all acts leading to death or intending to cause death are classified under Level 1 category 01.30 Similarly, all injurious acts of a sexual nature are classified under Level 1 category 03.
It is then necessary to classify an offence into a Level 2, 3 or 4 category. This can be done by identifying the shorthand name in criminal legislation, such as rape, consulting the act/event-based definitions, and following guidance from the legal inclusions and exclusions. Guidance from all elements of the ICCS is necessary to classify an offence correctly. The use of shorthand names alone is insufficient as the meaning and definition of shorthand terms may be different from those used in national legal systems and may even vary between jurisdictions within countries.31
There are residual categories represented by the word “other” in the category name (i.e. other acts of fraud) for cases in which an offence cannot be classified in an established category. Offences should be classified into these residual categories as sparingly as possible and only upon a thorough review of the full classification to ensure that a category is not overlooked.
The implementation of the ICCS at the national level will be a gradual process, which will require attentive mapping of national criminal offences into the ICCS framework. National correspondence tables between the ICCS and national crime classifications will facilitate ICCS implementation at the country level. To support the process, UNODC will develop additional tools and supporting documents, including an implementation manual to facilitate the mapping of national crime data into the ICCS structure. The planned implementation manual will consist of different volumes to address the mapping of national administrative crime statistics systems into the ICCS; the mapping of victimization survey data into the ICCS; and the counting of rules and coding issues.
29 In addition to (completed) intentional homicide, these additional classification criteria can be equally applied to attempted intentional homicide. 30 With the exception of crimes classified as war crimes, genocide or crimes against humanity classified under Level 1 category 11 Acts under universal jurisdiction. 31 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Conference of European Statisticians. Report of the UNODC/UNECE Task Force on Crime Classification to the Conference of European Statisticians. 2011. Available at: www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/Report_crime_classification_2012.pdf.
20
The use of legal inclusions and exclusions in the ICCS
Inclusions
Each category has a list of inclusions or examples of offences or acts/events to be classified in that category. These are not sub-categories but common offences belonging to the respective category listed, with the aim of providing practical guidance in the allocation of offences and of distinguishing the boundary between one category and another.32 For example, the inclusions under Trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora (1003) stipulate that trafficking in wildlife and unlawful trade or possession of wildlife are some of the offences that belong to this category. Inclusions are not exhaustive and the list of inclusions can be further expanded in the future.
Exclusions
Most categories also have a list of exclusions or examples of offences or acts/elements that are classified elsewhere despite similarities to the category in question. Following each excluded offence is the code referring to the category to which the excluded offence should be allocated.33 For example, the exclusions under Trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora (1003) stipulate that theft of a pet is coded to 0502; offences against the treatment, raising or keeping of animals is coded to 10091; robbery of livestock is coded to 04014; and theft of livestock is coded to 05025.
Together, exclusions and inclusions assist in reinforcing mutual exclusiveness. They clarify boundaries between categories to ensure acts/events can be assigned to one category only.
Additional disaggregating variables
Disaggregating variables allow the recording of additional information about an offence that is necessary to understand the complexities of each individual offence, such as victim and perpetrator characteristics. Table A provides an overview of the minimum set of disaggregating variables that can be used to describe each individual crime act/event more fully or to describe perpetrator and victim attributes in more depth. The acronyms in front of each category title provide a shorthand description for coding these variables in crime records.
Most disaggregating variables (“tags”) will provide useful breakdowns only in relation to certain criminal offences. For example, the attempted/completed tag (At) does not apply to 0101 “intentional homicide” (as only completed intentional homicides are counted), nor to 0102 attempted homicide (as only attempted homicides are counted here), nor to 0103 non-intentional homicide (as this is, per definition, not attempted). However, for other crime types this or other disaggregating variables will provide policy-relevant information on certain crime characteristics:
- the Type of Weapon (We) tag distinguishes violent crime by the main categories of weapons used in the offence;
32 World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision, Volume 2 Instruction Manual. Page 19. 2010. Available at: www.who.int/classifications/icd/ICD10Volume2_en_2010.pdf. 33 Ibid. Page 20.
21
- the Situational Context (SiC) tag provides information on some significant types of criminal organizations involved in the crime;
- the Geographical location (Geo) tag enables the regional location of the crime within the country and identifies crimes recorded as “extraterritorial” crimes;
- the Date and Time (DaT) tag enables the exact identification of the date and time of the criminal offence (where known) and can be used to construct derived categories of interest (for example, burglaries occurring during a certain time period of the day);
- the Location of the Crime (Lo) tag collects data on crime locations by type and allows the identification of typical or common settings of crime such as the home or prisons;
- the Motive (Mo) tag highlights several particularly policy-relevant forms of motive for committing crime, particularly certain hate crimes in which the victim is specifically targeted because of their characteristics, attributes, beliefs or values;
- the Cybercrime-related (Cy) tag serves to identify various forms of crime committed with the use of a computer (for example, internet fraud, cyber-stalking or violation of copyright through electronic dissemination);
- the Reported by (Rep) tag allows the analysis of reporting channels of recorded crimes, such as whether certain crimes are frequently reported by victims or witnesses or more often detected by the police.
In addition, there are a number of self-explanatory victim and perpetrator disaggregations.
Table: A Disaggregating variables34
EVENT DISAGGREGATIONS
VICTIM DISAGGREGATIONS
PERPETRATOR DISAGGREGATIONS
DATA DESCRIPTIONS/INCLUSIONS
At – Attempted/Completed SV – Sex of victim SP – Sex of perpetrator Th – Threats included We – Type of weapon used AV – Age of victim AP – Age of perpetrator AA – Aiding/abetting included SiC – Situational context STV – Age status victim (minor/adult) STP – Age status of perpetrator (minor/adult) Ac – Accessory/accomplice included Geo – Geographic location ViP – Victim-perpetrator relationship ViP – Victim-perpetrator relationship CP – Conspiracy/planning/ preparation included
DaT – Date and time Cit – Citizenship Cit – Citizenship In – Incitement to commit crime included
Lo – Type of location LS – Legal status of victim (natural/legal person) LS – Legal status of perpetrator (natural/legal person)
Mot – Motive Int – Intoxication status of victim Int – Intoxication status of perpetrator
Cy – Cybercrime related ES – Economic sector of business victim EASt – Economic activity status of perpetrator
Rep – Reported by Rec – Recidivist status of perpetrator
34 Each element and variable may be relevant for selected categories only.
22
The relationship to other international classifications
With regard to offences causing physical harm or death, the ICCS is linked with the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The ICD is the long-standing standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes.35 Within its structure, the ICD-10 provides a classification of external causes of morbidity and mortality (Chapter XX), and for the purposes of the ICCS, one of the most important categories is the group of causes considered as “Assault”, which is defined as “injuries inflicted by another person with intent to injure or kill, by any means”. In cases of death of victims of assault, the mortality cause is classified in the ICD-10 as an “Assault” and the statistical count of such deaths is often used to measure intentional homicides, and compared to criminal justice statistics for homicide counts.
In general terms, the definition of intentional homicide from the ICCS and the definition of deaths due to assault from ICD-10 do not contradict one another, since they both require the intentionality of the act and they both refer to the unlawfulness of the act (for example, the ICD-10 excludes killings deriving from legal interventions and operations of war). That said, some discrepancies between the two classifications do exist, mainly due to the ICCS providing more detailed descriptions of certain killings due to different levels of criminal liability of perpetrators. Such a discrepancy occurs, for example, in relation to killings in self-defence (included in “deaths due to assault” in ICD-10, while in the ICCS these are only considered “intentional homicide” in the case of excessive use of force in self-defence). In other cases, the ICCS provides a more detailed description of acts to include or exclude from the count of intentional homicide or other unlawful killings. For example, deaths due to the excessive use of force by law enforcement/state officials are included as intentional homicides in the ICCS, but not necessarily in the deaths by assault of ICD-10; similarly, certain killings in situations of war may be classified as “intentional homicide” or “unlawful killing associated with armed conflict” or as “war crimes” — depending on the circumstances — in the ICCS, while the relevant ICD-10 category makes no such distinction.
A detailed disaggregation of the category, “Assault”, is provided in ICD-10, which encompasses a wide variety of mechanisms that cause injury or death, and the ICCS adopts a consistent approach to build the additional disaggregation of intentional homicide by mechanism of killing (see Table V, which is based on ICD-10’s Assault group categories X85-Y09).
In addition to the ICD, the ICCS also makes reference to the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), which is the international classification for productive activities, first developed by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat in 1948 and revised in 2008. The ISIC is reflected in the disaggregating variables table of the ICCS to identify, by economic sector, businesses and institutions that are victim of a crime. This is particularly useful for identifying crimes against businesses, such as offences committed by employees or offences perpetrated by organized crime groups against businesses.
35 The most recent version (ICD-10) came into use in 1994, while the 11th revision is currently under development.
23
Part Two – Broad and detailed structure
Section 01 Acts leading to death or intending to cause death LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0101 Intentional homicide 0102 Attempted intentional homicide 0103 Non-intentional homicide
01031 Non-negligent manslaughter 01032 Negligent manslaughter 010321 Vehicular homicide 010322 Non-vehicular homicide
0104 Assisting or instigating suicide 01041 Assisting suicide 01049 Other acts of assisting or instigating suicide
0105 Euthanasia 0106 Illegal feticide 0107 Unlawful killing associated with armed conflict 0109 Other acts leading to death or intending to
cause death
Section 02 Acts causing harm or intending to cause harm to the person LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0201 Assaults and threats 02011 Assault 020111 Serious assault 020112 Minor assault 02012 Threat 020121 Serious threat 020122 Minor threat 02019 Other assaults or threats
0202 Acts against liberty 02021 Abduction of a minor 020211 Parental abduction 020212 Abduction by another family member 020213 Abduction by a legal guardian 020219 Other abduction of a minor 02022 Deprivation of liberty 020221 Kidnapping 020222 Illegal restraint 020223 Hijacking 020229 Other deprivation of liberty 02029 Other acts against liberty 020291 Illegal adoption 020292 Forced marriage
020299 Other acts against liberty
24
0203 Slavery and exploitation 02031 Slavery 02032 Forced labour 020321 Forced labour for domestic services 020322 Forced labour for industrial services 020323 Forced labour for the State or armed forces 020329 Other forced labour 02039 Other acts of slavery and exploitation
0204 Trafficking in persons (TIP) 02041 TIP for sexual exploitation 02042 TIP for forced labour or services 02043 TIP for organ removal 02044 TIP for other purposes
0205 Coercion 02051 Extortion or blackmail 02059 Other acts of coercion
0206 Negligence 02061 Negligence in situations of persons under care 020611 Negligence in situations of children under care
020612 Negligence in situations of other dependent persons under care
020619 Other negligence in situations of persons under care
02062 Professional negligence 02063 Negligence related to driving a vehicle 02069 Other acts of negligence
0207 Dangerous acts 02071 Acts that endanger health
02072 Operating a vehicle under the influence of psychoactive substances
020721 Operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol
020722 Operating a vehicle under the influence of illicit drugs
020729 Operating a vehicle under the influence of other
psychoactive substances 02079 Other dangerous acts
0208 Acts intended to induce fear or emotional distress
02081 Harassment 020811 Harassment in the workplace 020819 Other harassment 02082 Stalking
02089 Other acts intended to induce fear or emotional distress
0209 Defamation or insult
02091 Defamation or insult due to the victim’s characteristics or ascribed attributes
25
02092 Defamation or insult due to the victim’s ascribed beliefs or values
02099 Other defamation or insult 0210 Discrimination
02101 Personal discrimination 02102 Group discrimination 02109 Other discrimination
0211 Acts that trespass against the person 02111 Invasion of privacy 02119 Other acts that trespass against the person
0219 Other acts causing harm or intending to cause harm to the person
Section 03 Injurious acts of a sexual nature LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0301 Sexual violence 03011 Rape 030111 Rape with force 030112 Rape without force 030113 Statutory rape 030119 Other rape 03012 Sexual assault 030121 Physical sexual assault 030122 Non-physical sexual assault 030129 Other sexual assault not elsewhere classified 03019 Other acts of sexual violence
0302 Sexual exploitation 03021 Sexual exploitation of adults 03022 Sexual exploitation of children 030221 Child pornography 030222 Child prostitution 030223 Sexual grooming of children 030229 Other sexual exploitation of children 03029 Other acts of sexual exploitation
0309 Other injurious acts of a sexual nature
Section 04 Acts against property involving violence or threat against a person LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0401 Robbery 04011 Robbery from the person 040111 Robbery from the person in a public location 040112 Robbery from the person in a private location 040119 Other robbery from the person 04012 Robbery of valuables or goods in transit 040121 Robbery of a car or vehicle 040129 Other robbery of valuables or goods in transit 04013 Robbery of an establishment or institution 040131 Robbery of a financial institution 040132 Robbery of a non-financial institution
26
04014 Robbery of livestock 04019 Other acts of robbery
0409 Other acts against property involving violence or threat against a person
Section 05 Acts against property only LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0501 Burglary 05011 Burglary of business premises 05012 Burglary of private residential premises 050121 Burglary of permanent private residences 050122 Burglary of non-permanent private residences 05013 Burglary of public premises 05019 Other acts of burglary
0502 Theft 05021 Theft of a motorized vehicle or parts thereof 050211 Theft of a motorized land vehicle 050212 Illegal use of a motorized land vehicle 050213 Theft of parts of a motorized land vehicle
050219 Other theft of a motorized vehicle or parts thereof
05022 Theft of personal property 050221 Theft of personal property from a person 050222 Theft of personal property from a vehicle 050229 Other theft of personal property 05023 Theft of business property 050231 Theft from a shop 050239 Other theft of business property 05024 Theft of public property 05025 Theft of livestock 05026 Theft of services 05029 Other acts of theft
0503 Intellectual property offences 0504 Property damage
05041 Damage of public property 05042 Damage of personal property 05043 Damage of business property 05049 Other damage of property
0509 Other acts against property only
Section 06 Acts involving controlled drugs or other psychoactive substances LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0601 Unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors
06011 Unlawful possession, purchase, use, cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption
060111 Unlawful possession, purchase or use of controlled drugs for personal consumption
27
060112 Unlawful cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption
06012 Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption
060121 Unlawful trafficking of controlled drugs not for personal consumption
060122 Unlawful manufacture of controlled drugs not for personal consumption
060123 Unlawful cultivation of controlled drugs not for personal consumption
060124 Unlawful diversion of precursors not for personal consumption
060129 Other unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption
06019 Other unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors
0602 Unlawful acts involving alcohol, tobacco or other controlled substances
06021 Unlawful production, handling, possession or use of alcohol products
060211 Unlawful possession or use of alcohol products 060212 Unlawful production, trafficking or distribution
of alcohol products 060219 Other unlawful production, handling, possession
or use of alcohol products 06022 Unlawful production, handling, possession or
use of tobacco products 060221 Unlawful possession or use of tobacco products 060222 Unlawful production, trafficking or distribution
of tobacco products 060229 Other unlawful production, handling, possession
or use of tobacco products 06029 Other unlawful acts involving alcohol, tobacco
or other controlled substances 0609 Other acts involving controlled drugs or other
psychoactive substances
Section 07 Acts involving fraud, deception or corruption LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0701 Fraud 07011 Financial fraud 070111 Financial fraud against the State 070112 Financial fraud against natural or legal persons 07019 Other acts of fraud
0702 Forgery/counterfeiting 07021 Counterfeiting means of payment 070211 Counterfeiting means of cash payment
28
070212 Counterfeiting means of non-cash payment 07022 Counterfeit product offences 07023 Acts of forgery/counterfeiting documents 07029 Other acts of forgery/counterfeiting
0703 Corruption 07031 Bribery 070311 Active bribery 070312 Passive bribery 07032 Embezzlement 07033 Abuse of functions 07034 Trading in influence 07035 Illicit enrichment 07039 Other acts of corruption
0704 Acts involving the proceeds of crime 07041 Money laundering 07042 Illicit trafficking in cultural property 07049 Other acts involving the proceeds of crime
0709 Other acts involving fraud, deception or corruption
Section 08 Acts against public order, authority and provisions of the State LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0801 Acts against public order behavioural standards
08011 Violent public disorder offences 08012 Acts related to social and religious public order
norms and standards 08019 Other acts against public order behavioural
standards 0802 Acts against public order sexual standards
08021 Prostitution offences 08022 Pornography offences 08029 Other acts against public order sexual standards
0803 Acts related to freedom of expression or control of expression
08031 Acts against freedom of expression 08032 Acts related to expressions of controlled social
beliefs and norms 080321 Violations of norms on religious beliefs/views 080322 Violations of norms on intolerance and
incitement to hatred 080329 Other acts related to expressions of controlled
social beliefs and norms 08039 Other acts related to freedom of expression or
control of expression 0804 Acts contrary to public revenue or regulatory
provisions 08041 Acts against public revenue provisions 08042 Acts against commercial or financial regulations
29
08043 Acts against regulations on betting 08044 Smuggling of goods 08045 Market manipulations or insider trading 08049 Other acts against public administration or
regulatory provisions 0805 Acts related to migration
08051 Smuggling of migrants offences 08059 Other unlawful acts related to migration
0806 Acts against the justice system 08061 Obstruction of justice 08062 Breach of justice order 08063 Criminal intent 08064 Conspiracy 08069 Other acts against the justice system
0807 Acts related to democratic elections 08071 Acts intended to unduly influence voters at
elections 08079 Other acts related to democratic elections
0808 Acts contrary to labour law 08081 Collective labour law violations 08082 Individual labour law violations
0809 Other acts against public order, authority and provisions of the State
Section 09 Acts against public safety and state security LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
0901 Acts involving weapons, explosives and other destructive materials
09011 Possession or use of weapons and explosives 090111 Unlawful possession or use of firearms 090112 Unlawful possession or use of other weapons or
explosives 090113 Unlawful possession or use of chemical,
biological or radioactive materials 090119 Other acts related to possession or use of
weapons and explosives 09012 Trafficking of weapons and explosives 090121 Trafficking of firearms 090122 Trafficking of other weapons or explosives 090123 Trafficking of chemical, biological or radioactive
materials 090129 Other acts related to trafficking of weapons and
explosives 09019 Other acts relating to weapons and explosives
0902 Acts against health and safety 09021 Acts against health and safety at work 09029 Other acts against health and safety
0903 Acts against computer systems 09031 Unlawful access to a computer system
30
09032 Unlawful interference with a computer system or computer data
090321 Unlawful interference with a computer system 090322 Unlawful interference with computer data 09033 Unlawful interception or access of computer
data 09039 Other acts against computer systems
0904 Acts against state security 0905 Acts related to an organized criminal group
09051 Participation in an organized criminal group 09059 Other acts related to an organized criminal
group 0906 Terrorism
09061 Participation in a terrorist group 09062 Financing of terrorism 09069 Other acts related to the activities of a terrorist
group 0907 Non-injurious traffic violations 0909 Other acts against public safety and state
security
Section 10 Acts against the natural environment LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
1001 Acts that cause environmental pollution or degradation
10011 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of air
10012 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of water
10013 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of soil
10019 Other acts that cause environmental pollution or degradation
1002 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste
10021 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste within national borders
10022 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste across national borders
1003 Trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora
10031 Trade or possession of protected species of wild fauna and flora
100311 Trade or possession of protected species within national borders
100312 Trafficking of protected species across national borders
10032 Trade or possession of prohibited or controlled species of animals
31
10039 Other trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora
1004 Acts that result in the depletion or degradation of natural resources
10041 Illegal logging 10042 Illegal hunting, fishing or gathering of wild fauna
and flora 10043 Illegal mining 10049 Other acts that result in the depletion or
degradation of natural resources 1009 Other acts against the natural environment
10091 Acts against animals 10099 Other acts against the natural environment
Section 11 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified LEVEL 02 LEVEL 03 LEVEL 04 CRIME
1101 Acts under universal jurisdiction 11011 Torture 11012 Piracy 11013 War crimes 110131 Unlawfully killing, causing or intending to cause
death or serious injury associated with armed conflict
110132 Unlawful destruction or damage to property associated with armed conflict
110133 Sexual violence associated with armed conflict 110134 Acts against liberty or human dignity associated
with armed conflict 110135 Conscripting or enlisting child soldiers 110139 Other war crimes 11014 Genocide 11015 Crimes against humanity 11016 Crime of aggression 11019 Other acts under universal jurisdiction
1102 Acts contrary to youth regulations and acts on minors
11021 Status offences 11029 Other acts contrary to youth regulations and
acts on minors 1109 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified
33
Tabl
e: I
In
tern
atio
nal C
lass
ifica
tion
of C
rime
for S
tatis
tical
pur
pose
s (IC
CS)
SECT
ION
01
ACT
S LE
ADIN
G TO
DEA
TH O
R IN
TEN
DIN
G TO
CAU
SE D
EATH
0101
Inte
ntio
nal h
omic
ide
Unlawful deat
h inflicted upo
n a person wi
th the intent t
o cause death
or serious
injury. +
Incl
usio
ns: Murd
er;36 honour k
illing;37 seriou
s assault leadi
ng to death;38
death a
s a result of ter
rorist activitie
s;39 dowry-rela
ted killings;40
femicide;41
infanticide;42
voluntary man
slaughter;43 ex
trajudicial kill
ings; killings c
aused by exce
ssive use of fo
rce by law en
forcement/sta
te officials44
- Ex
clus
ions
: Death due to
legal interven
tions;45 justifia
ble homicide in
self-defenc
e;46 attempted
intentional ho
micide (0102
); homicide wi
thout the
element of inte
nt is non-inten
tional homicid
e (0103); non-
negligent or
involuntary m
anslaughter47 (
01031); assist
ing suicide or
instigating su
icide (0104)
; illegal feticid
e (0106); eutha
nasia (0105)
0102
Atte
mpt
ed in
tent
iona
l hom
icid
e
Attempt to infl
ict unlawful de
ath upon a per
son with the i
ntent to cause
death or
serious injury.
+
Incl
usio
ns: Attem
pted murder;
attempt to infl
ict death as a
result of
terrorist activ
ities; attempte
d infanticide;
attempted fem
icide; -
Excl
usio
ns: Consp
iracy to procur
e or commit il
legal feticide (
0106) 01
03 N
on-in
tent
iona
l hom
icid
e
Unlawful deat
h unintentiona
lly inflicted up
on a person by
another perso
n. +
Incl
usio
ns: Involu
ntary manslau
ghter, causing
death by dan
gerous drivin
g; apply a
ll inclusions li
sted in 01031
- 01032
- Ex
clus
ions
: Serious assa
ult leading to d
eath (0101); v
oluntary
manslaughter
(0101)
36 M
urde
r is unlawful d
eath inflicted
upon a person
with the inten
t to cause deat
h or serious in
jury, including
when preme
ditated and/o
r with malice
aforethought
. 37 Ho
nour
kill
ing is the
unlawful killi
ng of a person
by relatives o
r other closely
associated pe
rsons as a resu
lt of avenging
a perceived d
ishonor broug
ht on the famil
y, or with the
intent of restor
ing the hon
our of the fam
ily, related to a
n actual or ass
umed sexual o
r behavioural t
ransgression,
including adu
ltery, sexual i
ntercourse or p
regnancy outs
ide marriage.
(World Health
Organization
. Un
ders
tand
ing
and
addr
essin
g vi
olen
ce a
gain
st w
omen
. 2012. Web: <
http://apps.w
ho.int/iris/bit
stream/10665
/77421/1/WH
O_RHR_12.38
_eng.pdf>.)
38 Seriou
s as
saul
t lea
ding
to d
eath
is understood
as unlawful de
ath due to an a
ssault commit
ted with the k
nowledge that
it was probab
le that death o
r serious injury
would occur.
39
Dea
th a
s a
resu
lt of
terr
oris
t activiti
es refers
to killing due t
o an act intend
ed to cause de
ath or serious
bodily injury
by a person w
ho is not a com
batant (i.e. pa
rty to a conflic
t), when the p
urpose
of such an act,
by its nature o
r context, is to
intimidate a p
opulation, or t
o compel a gov
ernment or int
ernational org
anization to d
o or abstain fr
om doing any
act. (United N
ations Genera
l Assembly.
International C
onvention for
the Suppress
ion of the Fina
ncing of Terro
rism. 1999. E/
RES/54/109, A
rticle 2(1b).
40 D
owry
-rel
ated
kill
ing
refers to the u
nlawful killing
of a woman as
sociated with
the giving or r
eceiving of a d
owry at any ti
me before, du
ring or after t
he marriage. A
dowry is any
property or as
set that is
provided by o
ne party to a m
arriage to the
other party to
the marriage.
United Nation
s. (United Nati
ons Division fo
r the Advance
ment of Wom
en. Good Pract
ices in Legisla
tion on "Harm
ful Practic
es" Against Wo
men. Addis Ab
aba, Ethiopia.
2009. Web: <
http://www.u
n.org/womenw
atch/daw/egm
/vaw_legislat
ion_2009/Fin
al report EGM
GPLVAW.pdf>
.) 41
Fem
icid
e is the I
ntentional kill
ing of a woma
n for misogyn
ous or gender
-based reason
s. 42
Infa
ntic
ide
refers to the k
illing of a child
under one ye
ar old. 43
Vol
unta
ry m
ansl
augh
ter
is unlawful de
ath inflicted u
pon a person w
ith the intenti
on to cause de
ath under circu
mstances of di
minished resp
onsibility such
as provocatio
n. 44
Death a
s a
resu
lt o
f the
use
of f
orce
by
law
enf
orce
men
t or
othe
r state o
fficials that ex
ceeded the lim
its, set by nati
onal and inter
national stand
ards, of what
is strictly nec
essary and req
uired for
the performan
ce of their dut
y. 45
Dea
th d
ue to
lega
l int
erve
ntio
ns refers
to death inflic
ted upon a per
son by the po
lice or other l
aw-enforceme
nt agents, inclu
ding military
on duty, in the
course of arre
sting or attem
pting to arrest
lawbre
akers, suppres
sing disturban
ces, maintainin
g order, and ot
her legal actio
n when the us
e of force by la
w enforcemen
t is necessary
to protect life
. 46
Just
ifiab
le h
omic
ide
in s
elf-d
efen
ce is the k
illing of a pers
on committed
in self-defenc
e or defence o
f others when
less extreme
means are ins
ufficient to pro
tect life agains
t the imminent
threat of
death or seriou
s injury.
47 N
on-n
eglig
ent o
r in
volu
ntar
y m
ansl
augh
ter
is unlawful de
ath inflicted u
pon a person w
hen there is ge
nerally intent
to cause harm
but no intent
to cause death
or serious inj
ury.
34
SECT
ION
01
ACT
S LE
ADIN
G TO
DEA
TH O
R IN
TEN
DIN
G TO
CAU
SE D
EATH
0103
1 Non
-neg
ligen
t man
slau
ghte
r Unlawf
ul death inflic
ted upon a per
son when ther
e is generally
intent to cause
harm but no in
tent to cause
death or seriou
s injury. +
Incl
usio
ns: Involu
ntary manslau
ghter; bodily in
jury leading to
death when
no serious har
m was intende
d -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0103
0103
2 Neg
ligen
t man
slau
ghte
r Uninte
nded death as
a result of a n
egligent or inv
oluntary act th
at is not i
ntentionally d
irected agains
t the victim.48
+
Incl
usio
ns: Crimi
nally negligen
t manslaughte
r; corporate m
anslaughter;
vehicular man
slaughter; app
ly all inclusion
s listed in 010
321 - 010322
- Ex
clus
ions
: Negligent ac
ts not amount
ing to death (0
206); apply al
l exclusi
ons listed in 0
103 01
0321
Ve
hicu
lar h
omic
ide
Unintended d
eath as a resu
lt of a negligen
t, reckless or
involuntary ac
t while operat
ing a vehicle th
at is not
intentionally
directed again
st the victim.49
- Neglig
ent as defined
in footnote 48.
+ In
clus
ions
: Causing dea
th by dangero
us driving; cau
sing death thr
ough breach
of traffic safe
ty rules; causin
g death by driv
ing under the i
nfluence of
drugs or alcoh
ol; vehicular m
anslaughter
- Ex
clus
ions
: Negligence r
elated to traff
ic not amount
ing to death (0
2063);
operating a ve
hicle under th
e influence of p
sychoactive su
bstances not
amounting to
death (02072)
; apply all exc
lusions listed
in 01032
0103
22
Non
-veh
icul
ar h
omic
ide
Unintended d
eath as a resu
lt of a negligen
t or involuntar
y act that is
not intentiona
lly directed ag
ainst the victim
. - Neglig
ent as defined
in footnote 48.
+ In
clus
ions
: Gross neglig
ent manslaug
hter; professi
onal negligenc
e leading
to death
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 01032
0104
Assi
stin
g or
inst
igat
ing
suic
ide
Unlawf
ul acts intenti
onally facilita
ting or instiga
ting the suicide
of a person.
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 01041 - 010
49 -
48 N
eglig
ence
is the failure t
o exercise the
care towards
others that a r
easonable or p
rudent person
would exerci
se in the circu
mstances, or t
aking action th
at a reasonabl
e or prudent p
erson would
not. 49 V
ehic
le, at min
imum, is a dev
ice or structur
e for transpor
ting persons o
r things and in
cludes car, mo
torcycle, truck
, bus, train, bo
at, aircraft, bi
cycle, horse, tr
actor, etc.
35
SECT
ION
01
ACT
S LE
ADIN
G TO
DEA
TH O
R IN
TEN
DIN
G TO
CAU
SE D
EATH
0104
1 As
sist
ing
suic
ide
Intenti
onal death of a
person who w
ishes to die, in
flicted upon
himself or her
self and facilita
ted by anothe
r person who
assists in
the death, or p
rovides the kn
owledge, mean
s or both.50
+ In
clus
ions
: Physician-as
sisted suicide
not amountin
g to euthanas
ia; assiste
d suicide
- Ex
clus
ions
: Death of a pe
rson by anothe
r person with
the intention o
f painles
sly putting to
death or reliev
ing intractable
suffering (010
5); failure to
offer aid leadi
ng to death (0
109) 01
042
Oth
er a
cts o
f ass
istin
g or
inst
igat
ing
suic
ide
Acts le
ading to suicid
e of another p
erson not desc
ribed in 01041
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Instig
ating suicide
through persu
asion or other
means
-
0105
Euth
anas
ia
Death of a pers
on by another
person, with o
r without the c
onsent of the
dying person
, with the inte
ntion of painle
ssly putting to
death, relievi
ng intractable
sufferin
g or failing to
prevent death
from natural c
auses in cases
of terminal illn
ess or irrev
ersible coma.5
1 +
Incl
usio
ns: Non-v
oluntary eutha
nasia; involun
tary euthanas
ia -
Excl
usio
ns: Facili
tating the dea
th of a person
who wishes to
die (0104)
0106
Illeg
al fe
ticid
e
Unlawful deat
h of a foetus i
ntentionally p
rocured or co
nducted by a p
erson.52
+
Incl
usio
ns: Illega
l abortion; ab
ortion offence
s as defined b
y national
legislation; co
ncealment of b
irth by secret
ly disposing o
f the body; inte
ntional
miscarriages
and still birth
s; procuring a
n illegal abort
ion; aborting
a foetus
against aborti
on regulations
; forced aborti
on53 -
Excl
usio
ns: Legal
abortion/leg
al feticide; ab
ortion conduc
ted by a perso
n lacking
medical skills
(02071)
50 World
Health Organ
ization. WHO
Centre for He
alth Developm
ent. Glossary o
f Terms for Co
mmunity Heal
th Care and Se
rvices for Olde
r Persons. 200
4. Web:
<http://www
.who.int/kobe
_centre/agein
g/ahp_vol5_gl
ossary.pdf>.
51 World
Health Organ
ization. WHO
Centre for He
alth Developm
ent. Gloss
ary
of T
erm
s for
Com
mun
ity H
ealth
Car
e an
d Se
rvic
es fo
r Old
er P
erso
ns. 2
004. Web
: <http:/
/www.who.in
t/kobe_centre
/ageing/ahp_
vol5_glossary
.pdf>. 52
Unlawful dea
th of a foetus
as defined by n
ational legisla
tion. The death
of a foetus m
ay be prohibit
ed or restricte
d based on wee
ks of gestation
, weight of the
foetus, prohib
ited under all
circumstances
, or prohibited
on other grou
nds. 53
Performing a
n abortion on
a woman with
out her prior a
nd informed c
onsent; perfo
rming surger
y which has th
e purpose or
effect of termi
nating a wom
an’s capacity
to naturally re
produce witho
ut her pri
or and inform
ed consent or
understanding
of procedure.
(Council of Eu
rope. Council
of Europe Con
vention on pre
venting and co
mbating violen
ce against wo
men and dome
stic violence
(Istanbul Conv
ention). Art. 39
. 2011).
36
SECT
ION
01
ACT
S LE
ADIN
G TO
DEA
TH O
R IN
TEN
DIN
G TO
CAU
SE D
EATH
0107
Unl
awfu
l kill
ing
asso
ciat
ed w
ith a
rmed
con
flict
Unlawf
ul killing in a s
ituation of arm
ed conflict no
t amounting to
a war crime
- War crime as
defined in 11
01. +
Incl
usio
ns: Killin
g by a combata
nt which is con
sidered a crim
inal offence in
the nat
ional legislatio
n (and is pros
ecuted as such
) but does not
amount to a
war crime
- Ex
clus
ions
: Killing durin
g armed confl
ict considered
intentional h
omicide
(0101); Killing
associated w
ith armed conf
lict amountin
g to war crime
(11013
) 01
09 O
ther
act
s lea
ding
to d
eath
or i
nten
ding
to c
ause
dea
th
Acts leading t
o death or inte
nding to cause
the death of a
person by ano
ther person
which are not
described in
categories 010
1 - 0107.
+ In
clus
ions
: Failure to off
er aid leading
to death
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0101 – 0107
37
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0201
Assa
ults
and
thre
ats
Use of force to
cause injury o
r harm or the
threat to caus
e injury or har
m. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0201
1 - 02019
- Ex
clus
ions
: Serious assa
ult leading to d
eath (0101); a
ll injurious ac
ts of a sexual
nature (03); u
sing force to t
ake property (
04); using thr
eat of force to
deman
d a particular
course of acti
on from a pers
on (0205)
0201
1 Assa
ult
Intentional or
reckless appl
ication of phy
sical force infl
icted upon
the body of a p
erson.54
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 020111 - 02
0112 -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0201
0201
11
Serio
us a
ssau
lt Intenti
onal or reckle
ss application
of serious ph
ysical force
inflicted upon
the body of a
person resulti
ng in serious b
odily injury.5
5 - Reckl
ess as defined
in footnote 54.
+ In
clus
ions
: Inclusions: In
flicting grievo
us bodily harm
; wounding;
aggravated as
sault; inflictin
g bodily harm
under aggrav
ating circums
tances;
battery; acid a
ttacks; female
genital mutila
tion; poisoning
; assault with
a weapo
n; forced steril
ization56
; taking human
blood, organs
or tissues by
use of violenc
e -
Excl
usio
ns: Threa
t to inflict seri
ous bodily inj
ury (020121);
torture
(11011); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0201
1 02
0112
M
inor
ass
ault
Intentional or
reckless appl
ication of min
or physical for
ce inflicte
d upon the bo
dy of a person
resulting in n
o injury or
minor bodily
injury.57
- Reckless as d
efined in footn
ote 54.
+ In
clus
ions
: Inflicting min
or bodily harm
; simple assau
lt; pushing, sla
pping, kicking
, hitting; drugg
ing or spiking
- Ex
clus
ions
: Threat to infl
ict minor bodi
ly injury (0201
22); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 02011
0201
2 Th
reat
Any typ
e of threatenin
g behaviour if
it is believed
that the threa
t could b
e enacted.58
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 020121 - 02
0122 -
Excl
usio
ns: Using
threat of force
to demand a p
articular cours
e of action
from a person
(0205); threat
ening a witnes
s, justice or law
enforcement
official
(08061); threa
tening voters
to influence th
eir vote (08071
); threat of forc
e to take pr
operty (0401)
; all injurious a
cts of a sexual
nature (03); r
ecruitment,
transportation
, transfer, harb
ouring or rece
ipt of persons
through the th
reat of force fo
r exploitation
(0204); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0201
54 A
ctin
g re
ckle
ssly
, at minimum,
is acting witho
ut thinking or
caring about
the consequen
ces of an actio
n. 55
Ser
ious
bod
ily in
jury
, at minimum,
includes gunsh
ot or bullet w
ounds; knife o
r stab wounds;
severed limbs
; broken bone
s or teeth knoc
ked out; inter
nal injuries; be
ing knocked un
conscious; and
other s
evere or critic
al injuries.
Seri
ous
phys
ical
forc
e, at minimum
, includes bein
g shot; stabbe
d or cut; hit by
an object; hit
by a thrown o
bject; poisonin
g and other ap
plications of fo
rce with the p
otential to cau
se serious bod
ily injury. 56
Performing s
urgery which
has the purpo
se or effect of
terminating a
woman or ma
n’s capacity to
naturally repr
oduce without
his or her prio
r and informed
consent or un
derstanding of
the proced
ure. (Council
of Europe. Cou
ncil of Europe
Convention o
n preventing a
nd combating
violence again
st women and
domestic viol
ence (Istanbu
l Convention).
Art. 39. 2011)
57
Min
or b
odily
inju
ry, at min
imum, include
s bruises, cuts
, scratches, ch
ipped teeth, sw
elling, black ey
e and other m
inor injuries.
Min
or p
hysi
cal f
orce
, at minimum,
includes hittin
g, slapping, pu
shing, tripping
, knocking dow
n and other ap
plications of fo
rce with the p
otential to cau
se minor bod
ily injury.
58 T
hrea
teni
ng b
ehav
iour
, at minimum,
is an intention
al behaviour t
hat causes fea
r of injury or
harm.
38
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0201
21
Serio
us th
reat
Threat
with the inten
tion to cause d
eath or seriou
s harm.59
- Threa
t as defined in
02012.
+ In
clus
ions
: Threatening
death or seriou
s injury, threat
ening the dea
th or serious
injury of a fam
ily member, fri
end or anothe
r person
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02012
0201
22
Min
or th
reat
Threat
with the inten
tion to cause m
inor harm. 60
- Threat as def
ined in 02012
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Threa
tening minor
injury, threate
ning minor in
jury to a fami
ly membe
r or friend
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02012
0201
9 O
ther
ass
aults
and
thre
ats
Acts causing o
r threatening
injury or harm
not described
or classifi
ed in categorie
s 02011 - 020
12. +
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0201
0202
Acts
aga
inst
libe
rty
Taking away o
r limiting the
movement or l
iberty of a pe
rson.61
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 02021 - 020
29 -
Excl
usio
ns: Slave
ry and exploit
ation (0203);
TIP (0204); a
cts against
freedom or con
trol of expres
sion (0803); a
ll acts of a sexu
al nature (03)
02
021 Ab
duct
ion
of a
min
or
Unlawfully tak
ing away, con
cealing or deta
ining a minor
from their
legal guardian
or custodial p
arent. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0202
11 - 020219
- Ex
clus
ions
: Unlawfully de
taining a pers
on for the purp
oses of deman
ding an illic
it gain for the
ir liberation (
020221); illega
l adoption is (
020291); apply
all excl
usions listed i
n 0202
0202
11
Pare
ntal
abd
uctio
n Abduct
ion of a minor
by a parent w
ho does not h
ave exclusi
ve custody.
- Abduction o
f a minor as d
efined in 0202
1. +
Incl
usio
ns: Intern
ational parent
al abduction, d
omestic paren
tal abduction
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02021
0202
12
Abdu
ctio
n by
ano
ther
fam
ily m
embe
r Abduct
ion of a minor
by another fa
mily member
who is not a
parent and do
es not have exc
lusive custody
. - Abdu
ction of a min
or as defined
in 02021.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02021
59 S
erio
us h
arm
, at minimum,
includes serio
us bodily inju
ry or serious p
hysical force d
efined in footn
ote 13.
60 M
inor
har
m, at min
imum, include
s minor bodil
y injury or mi
nor physical f
orce defined in
footnote 58.
61 L
iber
ty, at min
imum, is freed
om in the pub
lic sphere, free
dom from cap
tivity, oppress
ion or despotic
rule. (Uni
ted
Nat
ions
. Uni
vers
al D
ecla
ratio
n of
Hum
an R
ight
s. W
eb:
<htt
p://
ww
w.u
n.or
g/en
/doc
umen
ts/u
dhr/
>.).
39
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0202
13
Abdu
ctio
n by
a le
gal g
uard
ian
Abduction of a
minor by a le
gal guardian w
ho is not a pa
rent or anot
her family mem
ber and does n
ot have exclus
ive custod
y. - Abdu
ction of a min
or as defined
in 02021.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02021
0202
19
Oth
er a
bduc
tion
of a
min
or
Other abductio
n of a minor no
t described or
classified in
categories 020
211 - 020213.
- Abdu
ction of a min
or as defined
in 02021.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02012
0202
2 De
priv
atio
n of
libe
rty
Unlawful deta
inment of a pe
rson or person
s against their
will. +
Incl
usio
ns: Kidna
pping; illegal r
estraint; hijac
king; apply al
l inclusions
listed in 0202
21 - 020229
- Ex
clus
ions
: Abduction o
f a minor (020
21); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 0202
0202
21
Kidn
appi
ng
Unlawful deta
inment and ta
king away of a
person or per
sons against
their will (incl
uding through
the use of for
ce, threat,
fraud or entice
ment) for the
purpose of de
manding an ill
icit gain, an
y other econom
ic gain or othe
r material ben
efit for
their liberatio
n, or in order
to oblige some
one to do or n
ot to do som
ething.
+ In
clus
ions
: Kidnapping;
express kidna
pping -
Excl
usio
ns: Abdu
ction of a min
or (02021); TI
P (0204); illeg
al adoption
(020291); taki
ng a hostage (
020222); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0202
2 02
0222
Ill
egal
rest
rain
t Unlawf
ul detainment
of a person or
persons again
st their will
(including thr
ough the use o
f force; threat
; fraud or
enticement), w
here the perso
n is not transp
orted to a
different loca
tion. +
Incl
usio
ns: Hosta
ge taking; fals
e imprisonme
nt; unlawful de
privation of
liberty; unlaw
ful detainment
; forced disapp
earance62
-
Excl
usio
ns: Abdu
ction of a min
or (02021); TI
P (0204); illeg
al adoption
(020291); forc
ed marriage (0
20292); unlaw
fully detaining
a person for t
he purpos
es of demandin
g an illicit gai
n for their libe
ration (02022
1); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 02022
62 A forc
ed d
isap
pear
ance
occurs when
“persons are
arrested, deta
ined or abduc
ted against the
ir will or other
wise deprived
of their libert
y by officials o
f different bra
nches or levels
of governme
nt, or by o
rganized grou
ps or private
individuals ac
ting on behalf
of, or with th
e support, dir
ect or indirec
t, consent or
acquiescence
of the Gover
nment, follow
ed by a refusa
l to disclose t
he fate or
whereabouts o
f the persons
concerned or
a refusal to a
cknowledge t
he deprivatio
n of their libe
rty, which pla
ces such perso
ns outside the
protection of
the law.” Unite
d Nations. Dec
laration on th
e Protect
ion of All Perso
ns from Enforc
ed Disappeara
nce. GA Resolu
tion 47/133 o
f 18 Decembe
r 1992. Web:
<http://www
.un.org/en/ev
ents/disappe
arancesday/b
ackground.sh
tml>.
40
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0202
23
Hija
ckin
g Unlawf
ul seizure of a
vehicle togeth
er with its pas
sengers
through the u
se of force or t
hreat of force.
- Vehic
le as defined in
footnote 49
+ In
clus
ions
: Hijacking of
an aircraft, ca
r, bus, ship or o
ther motor ve
hicle -
Excl
usio
ns: Electr
onic or comm
unication-rela
ted hijacking (
0903);
violence, deten
tion, rape or d
epredation co
mmitted for p
rivate ends by
the crew o
r the passeng
ers of a privat
e ship or aircra
ft directed on
the high seas
against anothe
r ship, aircraf
t or against pe
rsons or prope
rty on board a
ship or aircr
aft (11012); t
heft of a moto
r vehicle or ot
her types of th
eft (0502);
robbery (0401
); apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02022
0202
29
Oth
er d
epriv
atio
n of
libe
rty
Deprivation o
f liberty not d
escribed or cla
ssified in cate
gories 020221
- 020223.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02022
0202
9 O
ther
act
s aga
inst
libe
rty
Acts against li
berty not desc
ribed or classi
fied in categor
ies 02021
- 02022.
- Liberty as de
fined in footno
te 61. +
Incl
usio
ns: Illega
l adoption; for
ced marriage;
apply all incl
usions listed i
n 020291
- 02039
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0202
0202
91
Illeg
al a
dopt
ion
Unlawfully ad
opting a child
and/or unlaw
fully arranging
, facilita
ting or contro
lling a child fo
r the purpose
s of adoptio
n.63 +
Incl
usio
ns: Adop
tion fraud; ille
gal adoption
- Ex
clus
ions
: Abduction o
f a minor (020
21); TIP (020
4); taking a ho
stage (02022
2); apply all ex
clusions listed
in 02029
0202
92
Forc
ed m
arria
ge
Marriage with
out valid cons
ent or with con
sent as a resu
lt of intimid
ation, force, fr
aud, coercion,
threat, decep
tion, use of
drugs or alcoh
ol, abuse of po
wer or of a po
sition of
vulnerability.6
4
+ In
clus
ions
: Forced marr
iage, child mar
riage -
Excl
usio
ns: Abdu
ction of a min
or (02021); TI
P for forced m
arriage
(02044); takin
g a hostage (0
20222); slaver
y and exploita
tion (0203); a
pply all
exclusions list
ed in 02029
0202
99
Oth
er a
cts a
gain
st li
bert
y Acts ag
ainst liberty n
ot described o
r classified in
categories
020291 - 0202
92. - Liber
ty as defined in
footnote 61.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Abduction o
f a minor (020
21); TIP (020
4); taking a ho
stage (02022
2); apply all ex
clusions listed
in 02029
63 United
Nations. Depa
rtment of Eco
nomic and So
cial Affairs. Ch
ild A
dopt
ion:
Tre
nds a
nd P
olic
ies.
2009
. Web
: <ht
tp:/
/ww
w.u
n.or
g/es
a/po
pula
tion/
publ
icat
ions
/ado
ptio
n201
0/ch
ild_a
dopt
ion.
pdf>
. 64
United Nation
s. Division for
the Advancem
ent of Women.
Forc
ed a
nd E
arly
Mar
riag
e: A
Foc
us o
n Ce
ntra
l and
Eas
tern
Eur
ope
and
Form
er S
ovie
t Uni
on C
ount
ries
with
Sel
ecte
d La
ws f
rom
oth
er
Coun
trie
s. Expert
paper by Tho
mas, Cheryl. 20
09. Web: <htt
p://www.un.o
rg/womenwatc
h/daw/egm/
vaw_legislatio
n_2009/Exper
t Paper EGMG
PLHP _Cheryl
Thomas revise
d_.pdf>.
41
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0203
Slav
ery
and
expl
oita
tion
Taking away o
r limiting the
movement of a
person for the
purposes of e
xploitation
for financial or
other gain not
amounting to
TIP. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0203
1 - 02039
- Ex
clus
ions
: TIP (0204); s
exual exploita
tion (0302); f
orced marriage
(02029
2); acts violati
ng labour laws
(0808)
0203
1 Slav
ery
Unlawful capt
ure, acquisitio
n or disposal o
f a person with
intent to
reduce the pe
rson to a statu
s or condition
over which an
y or all of
the powers atta
ching to the ri
ght of ownersh
ip are exercise
d; all acts inv
olved in the a
cquisition of a
slave with a vi
ew to selling o
r exchan
ging the perso
n; all acts of di
sposal by sale
or exchange
of a slave a
cquired with a
view to being
sold or exchan
ged, and every
act of t
rade or transp
ort in slaves.
+ In
clus
ions
: Slavery; deb
t bondage; bon
ded labour or
servitude; inv
oluntary
servitude
- Ex
clus
ions
: Unlawful wor
k or service w
hich is exacted
from any pers
on under t
he menace of a
ny penalty an
d for which th
e person has n
ot offered
himself volun
tarily (02032)
; apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0203
0203
2 Forc
ed la
bour
Unlawf
ul work or serv
ice which is ex
acted from an
y person unde
r the me
nace of any pe
nalty and for
which the per
son has not off
ered themse
lves voluntari
ly. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0203
21-020329
- Ex
clus
ions
: Slavery (020
31); TIP for fo
rced labour o
r services (020
42); apply a
ll exclusions li
sted in 0203
0203
21
Forc
ed la
bour
for d
omes
tic se
rvic
es
Forced labour
to provide se
rvices for third
party private
households.
- Forced labou
r as defined in
02032.
+ In
clus
ions
: Forced dome
stic labour; do
mestic labour
exploitation
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02032
0203
22
Forc
ed la
bour
for i
ndus
tria
l ser
vice
s Forced
labour to pro
vide services f
or industry.65
- Forced labou
r as defined in
02032.
+ In
clus
ions
: Forced labou
r in agricultur
e, constructio
n, manufactur
ing, enterta
inment, fisher
ies, sweatsho
ps, farms
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02032
0203
23
Forc
ed la
bour
for t
he S
tate
or a
rmed
forc
es
Forced labour
to provide se
rvices for the S
tate or armed
forces.
- Force
d labour as de
fined in 02032
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Unlaw
ful labour in la
bour camps
- Ex
clus
ions
: Conscripting
or enlisting ch
ild soldiers (11
0135); apply
all exclusi
ons listed in 0
2032
65
International
Labour Organ
ization. Forced
Lab
our C
onve
ntio
n 19
30 (N
o. 2
9) C
onve
ntio
n co
ncer
ning
For
ced
or C
ompu
lsory
Lab
our (
Entr
y in
to fo
rce:
01
May
193
2). Geneva, Sw
itzerland. Web
: <https:
//w
ww
.ilo.
org/
dyn/
norm
lex/
en/f
?p=1
000:
1210
0:0:
:NO:
:P12
100_
INST
RUM
ENT_
ID:3
1217
4>.
42
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0203
29
Oth
er fo
rced
labo
ur
Forced labour
not described
or classified i
n categories
020321 - 0203
23. - Force
d labour as de
fined in 02032
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Force
d begging
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02032
0203
9 O
ther
act
s of s
lave
ry a
nd e
xplo
itatio
n
Slavery and ex
ploitation not
described or
classified in ca
tegories
02031 - 02032
. +
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0203
0204
Traf
ficki
ng in
per
sons
(TIP
)
Recruitment,
transportation
, transfer, harb
ouring or rece
ipt of persons
, by means of
the threat or u
se of force or o
ther forms of
coercion, of ab
duction, of frau
d, of decept
ion, of the abu
se of power or
of a position o
f vulnerability
or of the givin
g or receivi
ng of paymen
ts or benefits t
o achieve the
consent of a p
erson having c
ontrol over an
other person,
for the purpo
se of exploitat
ion. Exploitat
ion shall inclu
de, at minimu
m, the exploit
ation of the pr
ostitution of o
thers or other
forms of sexu
al exploit
ation, forced l
abour or servic
es, slavery or p
ractices simila
r to slavery,
servitude or th
e removal of o
rgans.66
+ In
clus
ions
: Trafficking o
f adults, child t
rafficking; app
ly all inclusion
s listed
in 02041 - 020
44 -
Excl
usio
ns: Slave
ry (02031); for
ced labour (02
032); acts viol
ating labour
laws (0808); f
orced marriage
(020292); all
injurious acts
of a sexual na
ture (03); a
ssaults and th
reats (0201); a
cts against lib
erty (0202); a
cts against
public order s
exual standar
ds (0802); smu
ggling of migr
ants and other
migrat
ion offences (0
805) 02
041 TI
P fo
r sex
ual e
xplo
itatio
n TIP for
the purposes
of sexual explo
itation.
- TIP as define
d in 0204.
- Sexual explo
itation as defi
ned in 0302.
+ In
clus
ions
: TIP for sexua
l exploitation
; TIP for the ex
ploitation of t
he prostit
ution of other
s; TIP for com
mercial sexua
l exploitation
-
Excl
usio
ns: Sexua
l exploitation
of adults not
amounting to
TIP (03021);
apply all exclu
sions listed in
0204 02
042
TIP
for f
orce
d la
bour
or s
ervi
ces
TIP for the pu
rposes of forc
ed labour or se
rvices.67
- Forced labou
r as defined in
02032.
+ In
clus
ions
: TIP for force
d labour; TIP f
or slavery or s
imilar practice
s; TIP for ind
entured servi
tude; TIP for d
omestic work
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0204
66 United
Nations. Proto
col t
o Pr
even
t, Su
ppre
ss a
nd P
unish
Tra
ffick
ing
in P
erso
ns, E
spec
ially
Wom
en a
nd C
hild
ren,
Sup
plem
entin
g th
e Un
ited
Nat
ions
Con
vent
ion
Agai
nst T
rans
natio
nal O
rgan
ized
Cri
me.
20
00. Web:
<http://www
.uncjin.org/D
ocuments/Co
nventions/dca
toc/final_docu
ments_2/conv
ention_ traff_e
ng.pdf>.
67 S
ervi
ces, at mi
nimum, is wor
k obtained fro
m a person un
der a threat an
d which the p
erson has not
offered thems
elves voluntar
ily. (Internatio
nal Labour Org
anization. For
ced Labour Co
nvention
1930 (No. 29)
Convention c
oncerning For
ced or Compu
lsory Labour (
Entry into for
ce: 01 May 193
2). Geneva, Sw
itzerland: , We
b: <https:
//www.ilo.org
/dyn/normlex
/en/f?p=1000:
12100:0::NO::
P12100_INST
RUMENT_ID:31
2174>.).
43
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0204
3 TIP
for o
rgan
rem
oval
TIP for
the purposes
of organ remo
val.68 - TIP as
defined in 02
04. +
Incl
usio
ns: TIP fo
r organ remov
al; TIP for live
r removal
- Ex
clus
ions
: Acts that end
anger health (0
2061); acts ag
ainst health a
nd safety (
0902); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0204
0204
4 TI
P fo
r oth
er p
urpo
ses
TIP for other p
urposes of exp
loitation not d
escribed or cla
ssified in
categories 020
41 - 02043.
- TIP as define
d in 0204.
+ In
clus
ions
: TIP for force
d marriage; T
IP for camel jo
ckeying; TIP fo
r commi
tting crimes
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0204
0205
Coer
cion
Demanding a
particular cou
rse of action th
rough the use
of force, threat
, intimid
ation, threat t
o reveal comp
romising infor
mation, or thr
eat of defamat
ion. - Defam
ation as descr
ibed in 0209.
+ In
clus
ions
: Coercion; ex
tortion; blackm
ail; apply all in
clusions listed
in 02051
- 02059
- Ex
clus
ions
: Procuring se
xual acts unde
r coercion and
any injurious
acts of a
sexual nature
(03); taking p
roperty throug
h the use of fo
rce, threat or t
hreat of force
(0401); TIP (
0204); slaver
y and exploita
tion (0203); a
ssaults and
threats (0201
); acts intende
d to cause fea
r or emotional
distress (0207
); threate
ning a witnes
s, justice or law
enforcement
official (0806
1); threatening
voters
to influence th
eir vote (0807
1); defamation
or insult (020
9) 02
051 Ex
tort
ion
or b
lack
mai
l Deman
ding a particu
lar course of a
ction through a
written or
verbal threat.
69 +
Incl
usio
ns: Extor
tion of person
s, businesses o
r institutions
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0205
0205
9 O
ther
act
s of c
oerc
ion
Acts of
coercion not
described or c
lassified in 02
051. - Coerc
ion as defined
in 0205.
+ In
clus
ions
:
-
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0205
0206
Neg
ligen
ce
Bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily harm f
rom a person’s
negligent, rec
kless or
careless behav
iour. - Neglig
ent as defined
in footnote 48.
- Reckl
ess as defined
in footnote 54.
+
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0206
1 - 02069
- Ex
clus
ions
: Manslaughte
r caused by ne
gligence (0103
2); causing bo
dily harm o
r leading to bo
dily harm as a
result of a da
ngerous act (0
207)
68 Orga
n is the differe
ntiated and vi
tal part of the
human body, f
ormed by diff
erent tissues
that maintain i
ts structure, va
scularization
and capacity to
develop phys
iological func
tions with an
important lev
el of autonom
y. (World Heal
th Organizatio
n. Global Glos
sary of Terms
and Definition
s on Donations
and Transpla
ntation. Genev
a, Switzerland
, 2009. Web:
<http://www
.who.int/trans
plantation/ac
tivities/Globa
lGlossaryonDo
nationTranspla
ntation.pdf>.).
69 A pa
rtic
ular
cou
rse
of a
ctio
n includes, at
minimum, forf
eiting property
, forfeiting mo
ney, or provid
ing services o
r benefits.
Written or v
erbal thre
at, at min
imum, is threa
t of releasing
information, t
hreat of defam
ation, threat o
f force, threat
of bodily inju
ry, or threat o
f criminal pros
ecution.
44
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0206
1 Neg
ligen
ce in
situ
atio
ns o
f per
sons
und
er c
are
Bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily harm f
rom a legally o
bligated
or responsible
person’s negli
gence towards
their duty to c
are.70 - Neglig
ent as defined
in footnote 48.
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 020611 - 02
0619 -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0206
0206
11
Neg
ligen
ce in
situ
atio
ns o
f chi
ldre
n un
der c
are
Bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily harm i
nflicted upon a
child d
ue to a legally
obligated or r
esponsible pe
rson’s neglige
nce towards th
eir duty to car
e. - Neglig
ent as defined
in footnote 48.
- Duty
to care as defi
ned in footnot
e 70. - Child
as defined in n
ational legisla
tion.
+ In
clus
ions
: Neglect of a c
hild under car
e; child neglec
t; child aband
onment
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02061
0206
12
Neg
ligen
ce in
situ
atio
ns o
f oth
er d
epen
dent
pe
rson
s und
er c
are
Bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily harm i
nflicted upon a
depend
ent adult perso
n due to a lega
lly obligated o
r respon
sible person’s
negligence to
wards their d
uty to care.71
- Negligent as d
efined in footn
ote 48.
- Duty to care
as defined in
footnote 70.
+ In
clus
ions
: Neglect of el
derly persons
; neglect of an
adult person u
nder care; n
eglect of an eld
erly person un
der care; aban
donment of an
elderly
person requir
ing care
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 02061
0206
19
Oth
er n
eglig
ence
in si
tuat
ions
of p
erso
ns u
nder
ca
re Bodily
harm or poten
tial for bodily
harm due to a
legally
obligated or r
esponsible pe
rson’s neglige
nce towards th
eir duty to
care not desc
ribed or classi
fied in categor
ies 020611
– 020612.
- Negligent as d
efined in footn
ote 48.
- Duty to care
as defined in
footnote 70.
+ In
clus
ions
: Negligence r
elated to fami
ly; violation o
f obligations to
wards family;
failure to pro
vide for the n
eeds of a serva
nt/apprentice
-
Excl
usio
ns: Negli
gence related
to taking prope
r care of pets (
10091); apply
all excl
usions listed i
n 02061
0206
2 Pr
ofes
siona
l neg
ligen
ce
Bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily harm c
aused by a per
son’s failure
to perform th
e professional
duty that a rea
sonable perso
n in this pr
ofession woul
d perform.
+ In
clus
ions
: Medical negli
gence in presc
riptions; gross
negligent con
duct of
medical proce
dures; profess
ional malpract
ice; gross negl
igent acts in t
he perform
ance of profes
sional duty; cri
minal negligen
ce of pilots, bo
at captains
and other prof
essional opera
tors of vehicle
s -
Excl
usio
ns: Profe
ssional neglig
ence leading t
o death (0103
22); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 0206
70 D
uty
to c
are, at m
inimum, is the
requirement th
at a person ac
t toward other
s and the pub
lic with the wa
tchfulness, att
ention, cautio
n and prudenc
e that a reason
able person in
the circumsta
nces would.
71
Dep
ende
nt p
erso
n, at minimum
, is a person de
pendent upon
one or more o
ther persons f
or care and su
pport who wou
ld be in dange
r if the care an
d support wer
e withdrawn.
45
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0206
3 N
eglig
ence
rela
ted
to d
rivin
g a
vehi
cle
Bodily
harm or poten
tial for bodily
harm due to n
egligent, reckl
ess or care
less behaviou
r while in con
trol of a vehic
le. - Neglig
ent as defined
in footnote 48.
- Reckl
ess as defined
in footnote 54.
- Vehic
le as defined in
footnote 49.
+ In
clus
ions
: Negligent dr
iving or opera
tion of a vehic
le; driving and
texting;
negligence rel
ated to the du
ty to exercise c
are while ope
rating a moto
r vehicle
; hit and run c
ausing bodily
injury -
Excl
usio
ns: Crimi
nal negligence
of pilots, boat
captains and
other profess
ional operato
rs of vehicles (
02062); opera
ting a vehicle u
nder the
influence of ps
ychoactive su
bstances (020
72); causing t
he death of a
person
by negligent d
riving (010321
); apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0206
0206
9 Oth
er a
cts o
f neg
ligen
ce
Bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily harm f
rom negligent
, reckless
or careless be
havior not des
cribed or clas
sified in categ
ories 02061
- 02063.
- Negligent as d
efined in footn
ote 48.
- Reckless as d
efined in footn
ote 54.
+ In
clus
ions
: Failure to off
er aid to an in
jured person;
negligent pede
strian offence
s -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0206
0207
Dan
gero
us a
cts
Bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily harm c
aused by a per
son’s dangero
us behaviour
or act carried
out with the k
nowledge that
the act has po
tential to caus
e harm.72
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 02071 - 020
79 -
Excl
usio
ns: Dange
rous acts or be
haviour causi
ng death (01)
; bodily harm
caused by a ne
gligent act (02
06) 02
071 Ac
ts th
at e
ndan
ger h
ealth
Endang
ering health a
nd/or having t
he potential to
endanger hea
lth as a res
ult of a dange
rous act.73
- Dangerous as
defined in foo
tnote 72.
+ In
clus
ions
: Adulteration
of food or med
icine74 ; sale of
noxious food
or drink;
unlawful proc
urement, sale o
r distribution
of glue, solven
ts or other
substances wit
h the potentia
l to abuse by in
toxication; cri
minal transmi
ssion of HIV/
AIDS -
Excl
usio
ns: Harm
ing the health
of a person th
rough neglect o
f professional
duty (0
2062); forgin
g medicine an
d prescription
goods (07022
); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 0207
0207
2 O
pera
ting
a ve
hicl
e un
der t
he in
fluen
ce o
f ps
ycho
activ
e su
bsta
nces
Operat
ing a vehicle u
nder the influe
nce of psychoa
ctive substanc
es or othe
r controlled d
rugs and causi
ng bodily harm
or the potent
ial for bod
ily harm to a pe
rson. - Psych
oactive substa
nce as defined
in footnote 98
. - Vehic
le as defined in
footnote 49.
+ In
clus
ions
: Causing inju
ry while drivin
g or operating
a vehicle unde
r the influen
ce of alcohol o
r drugs; apply
all inclusions
listed in 0207
21 - 020729
- Ex
clus
ions
: Causing dea
th by operatin
g a vehicle un
der the influen
ce of psycho
active substan
ces (010321);
non-injurious
traffic violatio
ns (0907);
Unlawful acts
involving con
trolled drugs
or precursors
(0601); joyrid
ing or other i
llegal use of a
motor vehicle
(050212); ne
gligence relate
d to operating
a vehicle
(02063); app
ly all exclusion
s listed in 020
7
72
A dange
rous
act
, at minimum,
is an act or beh
aviour that is
able or likely
to inflict injury
or harm.
73 H
ealt
h, at minimum
, is the state o
f being free fr
om illness or i
njury. 74
Adu
lter
atio
n of
food
or
med
icin
e means to ma
ke impure in o
rder to give a
false impressio
n or value or t
o hide defects
, by the additio
n of a foreign,
inferior or ine
rt substance t
o food, or by t
he exclusi
on or remova
l of a valuable
or necessary in
gredient of foo
d. (Food and A
griculture Org
anization. Per
spectives and
guidelines on
food legislatio
n, with a new
model food la
w Page 209. R
ome, Italy. 2
005. Web: <ht
tp://www.fao
.org/fileadmin
/user_upload/
legal/docs/ls8
7-e.pdf>.).
46
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0207
21
Ope
ratin
g a
vehi
cle
unde
r the
influ
ence
of
alco
hol
Operating a ve
hicle under th
e influence of a
lcohol and
causing bodily
harm or the po
tential for bod
ily harm to a
person.
- Vehicle as de
fined in footno
te 49. +
Incl
usio
ns: Drivin
g under the in
fluence of alco
hol; causing an
accident
under the influ
ence of alcoho
l -
Excl
usio
ns: Unlaw
ful acts involv
ing alcohol (06
02); apply all
exclusions
listed in 0207
2 02
0722
O
pera
ting
a ve
hicl
e un
der t
he in
fluen
ce o
f ill
icit
drug
s Operat
ing a vehicle u
nder the influe
nce of illicit dr
ugs and
causing bodily
harm or the po
tential for bod
ily harm to a
person.
- Illicit drugs a
s defined in fo
otnote 98.
- Vehicle as de
fined in footno
te 49. +
Incl
usio
ns: Drivin
g under the in
fluence of illic
it drugs; caus
ing an acciden
t under t
he influence of
illicit drugs
- Ex
clus
ions
: Unlawful acts
involving con
trolled drugs
or precursors
(0601);
apply all exclu
sions listed in
02072
0207
29
Ope
ratin
g a
vehi
cle
unde
r the
influ
ence
of
othe
r psy
choa
ctiv
e su
bsta
nces
Operat
ing a vehicle u
nder the influe
nce of other ps
ychoactive
substances and
causing bodil
y harm or pot
ential for bod
ily harm t
o a person.
- Psychoactive
substance as
defined in foot
note 98.
- Vehicle as de
fined in footno
te 49.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Acts involvin
g controlled d
rugs or other p
sycho-active
substances no
t amounting to
operating a ve
hicle (06); app
ly all exclusion
s listed i
n 02072
0207
9 O
ther
dan
gero
us a
cts
Bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily harm d
ue to dangero
us behavi
our or act not
described or
classified in ca
tegories 0207
1 - 02072.
- Dange
rous as define
d in footnote 7
2. +
Incl
usio
ns: Settin
g mantraps
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0207
0208
Acts
inte
nded
to in
duce
fear
or e
mot
iona
l dis
tres
s
Fear or emotio
nal distress ca
used by a per
son’s behavio
ur or act.
- Emotional d
istress, at min
imum, is men
tal or psycholo
gical pain.
+ In
clus
ions
: Bullying; cyb
er-bullying; n
on-sexual har
assment; persi
stently
calling a perso
n; apply all in
clusions listed
in 02081 - 02
089 -
Excl
usio
ns: Acts r
elated to expr
essions of con
trolled social
beliefs and
norms (08032
); intentional r
emark, action
or communica
tion (spoken o
r otherw
ise) by a pers
on which harm
s another pers
on’s reputatio
n, respect,
confidence in w
hich a person i
s held, or indu
ces hostile or d
isagreeable
opinions or fee
lings (0209)
47
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0208
1 Hara
ssm
ent
Acts that hara
ss or are inten
ded to harass
a person.75
+ In
clus
ions
: Harassment;
sharing offen
sive material; a
pply all inclus
ions listed i
n 020811 - 02
0819 -
Excl
usio
ns: Sexua
l harassment
(030122); dem
anding a parti
cular course o
f action
through the u
se of force, thr
eat, intimidati
on, threat to r
eveal compro
mising inform
ation, or threa
t of defamatio
n (0205); assa
ult and
threats (0201
); communicati
on intended to
hurt a person
’s reputation (
0209);
apply all exclu
sions listed in
0208 02
0811
Ha
rass
men
t in
the
wor
kpla
ce
Harassment b
y a colleague,
supervisor or
other co-work
er in a work
environment
or related to e
mployment.
- Harassment
as defined in fo
otnote 75.
+ In
clus
ions
: Workplace h
arassment; mo
bbing in the w
orkplace; bull
ying in
the workplace
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0208
1 02
0819
O
ther
har
assm
ent
Harassment b
y a person no
t in a work env
ironment and
unrelated to e
mployment.
- Harassment
as defined in fo
otnote 75.
+ In
clus
ions
: Mobbing or b
ullying outsid
e the work pla
ce; menacing p
hone calls no
t amounting to
stalking; priva
te nuisance; a
cts causing ala
rm or distres
s -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0208
1 02
082
Stal
king
Unwan
ted communica
tion, following
or watching a
person.
+ In
clus
ions
: Cyber-stalkin
g; stalking
- Ex
clus
ions
: Stalking of a
sexual nature
(030122); un
lawful and
unwarranted i
ntrusion upon
the privacy of
a person (02
11); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 0208
0208
9 Oth
er a
cts i
nten
ded
to in
duce
fear
or e
mot
iona
l di
stre
ss
Fear or emotio
nal distress fr
om behaviour
or act that is n
ot describ
ed or classifie
d in categories
02081 - 0208
2. +
Incl
usio
ns: Psych
ological violen
ce -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0208
0209
Def
amat
ion
or in
sult
Intentional re
mark, action o
r communicati
on (spoken or
otherwise) by
a person
which harms
another perso
n’s reputation
, respect, conf
idence in whi
ch a person is
held, o
r induces host
ile or disagree
able opinions
or feelings.
+ In
clus
ions
: Slander; libe
l; insult; calum
ny; traduceme
nt; apply all in
clusions
listed 02091 -
02099 -
Excl
usio
ns: Threa
t of defamatio
n or insult for
demanding a
particular
course of acti
on (0205); im
proper behav
iour without t
he intent to ha
rm a person
’s reputation (
0208)
75
Har
assm
ent, at mi
nimum, is imp
roper behavio
ur directed at
and which is
offensive to a
person by ano
ther person w
ho reasonably
knew the beh
aviour was off
ensive. This in
cludes objecti
onable or
unacceptable
conduct that d
emeans, belitt
les or causes p
ersonal humil
iation or emba
rrassment to a
n individual. (
Unite
d N
atio
ns. P
olic
y on
Pre
vent
ion
of H
aras
smen
t. Web:
<http://www
.un.org/wome
nwatch/osagi/
UN_system_po
licies/(FAO)Po
licy_on_the_pr
evention_of_ha
rassment.pdf>
.).
48
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0209
1 Defa
mat
ion
or in
sult
due
to th
e vi
ctim
’s
char
acte
ristic
s or a
scrib
ed a
ttrib
utes
Defama
tion or insult
based on the v
ictim’s charac
teristics or
ascribed attrib
utes.76
- Defamation o
r insult as des
cribed in 0209
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Sland
er; libel; insul
t; calumny; trad
ucement
- Ex
clus
ions
: Threat of def
amation or ins
ult for a partic
ular course of
deman
d (0205); imp
roper behavio
ur without the
intent to harm
a person’s
reputation (0
208) 02
092
Defa
mat
ion
or in
sult
due
to th
e vi
ctim
’s a
scrib
ed
belie
fs o
r val
ues
Defamation or
insult based o
n the victim’s
ascribed beli
efs or values.
77 - Defam
ation or insult
as described
in 0209.
+ In
clus
ions
: Insult or defa
mation based
on religion, po
litical views, s
ocial views o
r economic vie
ws
- Ex
clus
ions
: Crimes in wh
ich the beliefs
and values of
the victim are
a motiva
ting factor are
identified wit
h the motive ta
g; unlawful di
stinction,
exclusion, res
triction, or pre
ference based
on beliefs or v
alues (0210);
apply all excl
usions listed i
n 0209
0209
9 Oth
er d
efam
atio
n or
insu
lt Defama
tion or insult
not described
or classified i
n categories
02091 - 02092
. - Defam
ation or insult
as described
in 0209.
+ In
clus
ions
: Slander, libe
l, insult, calum
ny, traduceme
nt when the b
asis for
defamation or
insult is not r
ecorded; defa
mation or insu
lt to honour an
d dignity
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0209
0210
Dis
crim
inat
ion
Distinction, ex
clusion, restric
tion, unlawful
treatment or p
reference base
d on a person
’s or group’s r
ace, colour, ag
e, sex, languag
e, religion, op
inion, descent
or nationa
l or ethnic orig
in which disco
urages or pre
vents equal re
cognition,
enjoyment or e
xercise of hum
an rights and
fundamental fr
eedoms in the
political,
economic, soci
al, cultural or
any other fiel
d of public life
.78 +
Incl
usio
ns: Perso
nal discrimin
ation, group d
iscrimination,
discrimination
based o
n ascribed be
liefs and value
s or ascribed a
ttributes and
characteristic
s; apply all incl
usions listed i
n 02101 - 021
09 -
Excl
usio
ns: Acts r
elated to freed
om or control
of expression
(0803)
0210
1 Pers
onal
dis
crim
inat
ion
Discrimination
and unlawful
treatment infl
icted upon a p
erson. - Discri
mination as de
fined in 0210.
+ In
clus
ions
: Employmen
t discriminatio
n, wage discrim
ination, housin
g discrim
ination agains
t a person
- Ex
clus
ions
: Group discrim
ination (0210
2)
76
Cha
ract
eris
tics
and
attr
ibut
es, at min
imum, include
sex, gender, s
exual orientat
ion, age, langu
age, ethnic orig
in, disability a
nd/or race.
77 B
elie
fs o
r va
lues
, at minimum,
include religio
us beliefs, poli
tical views, an
d/or economic
and social vie
ws. 78
United Nation
s. Interna
tiona
l Con
vent
ion
on th
e El
imin
atio
n of
All
Form
s of R
acia
l Disc
rim
inat
ion. 1969
. Web: <http:/
/www.ohchr.
org/EN/Profe
ssionalInteres
t/Pages/CERD
.asp&xgt;>.
49
SECT
ION
02
ACT
S CA
USI
NG
HARM
OR
INTE
NDI
NG
TO C
AUSE
HAR
M T
O T
HE P
ERSO
N
0210
2 G
roup
dis
crim
inat
ion
Discrim
ination and un
lawful treatm
ent inflicted u
pon a group o
f person
s as a collectiv
e. - Discri
mination as de
fined in 0210.
+ In
clus
ions
: Employmen
t discriminatio
n, wage discrim
ination, housin
g discrim
ination agains
t a group; grou
p discriminati
on based on ge
nder, sex,
age, disability,
race, sexual o
rientation, rel
igion, political
views, social
views or
economic view
s -
Excl
usio
ns: Acts r
elated to freed
om or control
of expression
of a group
(0803); perso
nal discrimin
ation (02101)
0210
9 Oth
er d
iscr
imin
atio
n Discrim
ination and un
lawful treatm
ent not descri
bed or classifi
ed in cate
gories 02101
- 02102.
- Discriminatio
n as defined in
0210. +
Incl
usio
ns: Encou
raging others
to practice dis
crimination a
gainst a perso
n or grou
p -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0210
0211
Acts
that
tres
pass
aga
inst
the
pers
on
Unlawful and
unwarranted
intrusion of t
he privacy or
other rights o
f a person.79
+
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0211
1 - 02119
- Ex
clus
ions
: Invasion of c
omputer data
or computer s
ystems that is
not an
intrusion upo
n a person’s p
rivacy (0903)
; unwanted fo
llowing, watch
ing or commu
nication of a p
erson by anoth
er person (02
082); invasio
n of sexual
privacy or oth
er acts of a se
xual nature (0
3); trespassing
on property (
0509) 02
111 In
vasi
on o
f priv
acy
Invasion or int
rusion of priv
acy. - Priva
cy as defined
in footnote 79.
+ In
clus
ions
: Violation of p
rivacy; violati
on of secrecy
of mail; phone
tapping;
invasion of so
litude or priva
te concerns; in
vasion of priv
ate computer f
iles; interfe
ring with mail
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0211
0211
9 O
ther
act
s tha
t tre
spas
s aga
inst
the
pers
on
Unlawful and
unwarranted i
ntrusion of the
privacy or oth
er rights
of a person no
t described or
classified in 0
2111. - Priva
cy as defined
in footnote 79.
+ In
clus
ions
: Mutilation o
f a dead body;
trafficking in b
ody parts not
amoun
ting to TIP for
organ or tissu
e removal; de
struction of a
grave; unlaw
ful use of a
dead body; gr
ave digging
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0211
0219
Oth
er a
cts c
ausi
ng h
arm
or i
nten
ding
to c
ause
har
m to
th
e pe
rson
Acts th
at cause harm
or intend to c
ause harm to a
person not de
scribed or clas
sified in cate
gories 0201 -
0211. +
Incl
usio
ns: Maltr
eatment throu
gh physical ab
use or mental
cruelty
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0201-0211
79 Privac
y, at minimum
, is the individ
ual autonomy
of a person or
state of being
free from bei
ng observed or
disturbed by o
ther people.
50
SECT
ION
03
INJU
RIO
US
ACTS
OF
A SE
XUAL
NAT
URE
0301
Sexu
al V
iole
nce
Unwanted sex
ual act, attem
pt to obtain a s
exual act, or c
ontact or com
munication
with unwanted
sexual attenti
on without val
id consent or w
ith consent as
a result of
intimidation, f
orce, fraud, co
ercion, threat
, deception, us
e of drugs or a
lcohol, or
abuse of powe
r or of a posit
ion of vulnerab
ility. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0301
1 - 03012
-
Excl
usio
ns: Acts o
f abuse of a po
sition of vulne
rability, power
or trust, or
use of force or
threat of forc
e, for profiting
monetarily, s
ocially or poli
tically from th
e prostitution
or sexual acts
of a person (0
302); coercion
(0205);
prostitution o
ffences, porno
graphy offenc
es and other a
cts against pu
blic order s
exual standar
ds such as ince
st not amount
ing to rape an
d exhibit
ionism (0802
); assaults and
threats (0201
); slavery and
exploitation
not amountin
g to injurious
acts of a sexua
l nature (0203
); TIP for sexu
al exploit
ation (02041)
; harassment
and stalking (0
208) 03
011 Ra
pe
Sexual penetr
ation without
valid consent o
r with consen
t as a result o
f intimidation
, force, fraud,
coercion, threa
t, deception, us
e of drug
s or alcohol, a
buse of power
or of a positio
n of vulnerabi
lity, or the g
iving or receiv
ing of benefits
.80 +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0301
11 - 030119
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0301
0301
11
Rape
with
forc
e Sexual
penetration w
ithout valid co
nsent inflicted
upon a
person with fo
rce. - Sexua
l penetration
as defined in fo
otnote 80.
+ In
clus
ions
: Sexual penet
ration with ph
ysical force
- Ex
clus
ions
: Statutory ra
pe (030113); a
pply all exclus
ions listed in 0
3011 03
0112
Ra
pe w
ithou
t for
ce
Sexual penetr
ation without
valid consent i
nflicted upon a
person
without force.
- Sexua
l penetration
as defined in fo
otnote 80.
+ In
clus
ions
: Deception to
procure sex; d
rug-facilitated
rape; non-con
sensual
sexual penetr
ation without
physical force
- Ex
clus
ions
: Statutory ra
pe (030113); a
pply all exclus
ions listed in 0
3011 03
0113
St
atut
ory
rape
Sexual
penetration w
ith or without
consent with a
person
below the age
of consent, or
with a person
incapable of
consent by rea
son of law.
- Sexual penet
ration as defin
ed in footnote
80. +
Incl
usio
ns: Sexua
l intercourse w
ith a person be
low the age of
consent;
sexual interco
urse with a pe
rson incapabl
e of consent
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 03011
80 S
exua
l pen
etra
tion
, at minimum,
is the penetrat
ion of the vulv
a, anus or mou
th with any bo
dy part or obje
ct.
51
SECT
ION
03
INJU
RIO
US
ACTS
OF
A SE
XUAL
NAT
URE
0301
19
Oth
er ra
pe
Rape not desc
ribed or classi
fied in categor
ies 030111 -
030113.
- Rape as defin
ed in 03011.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 03011
0301
2 Sexu
al a
ssau
lt Unwan
ted sexual act
, attempt to ob
tain a sexual a
ct, or contact
or commu
nication with
unwanted sex
ual attention n
ot amounting
to rape. - Rape
as defined in 0
3011. +
Incl
usio
ns: Drug-
facilitated sex
ual assault; se
xual harassme
nt; sexual
assault comm
itted against a
marital partn
er against her
/his will; sexu
al assault
against a help
less person; a
pply all inclus
ions listed in 0
30121 -
030129
- Ex
clus
ions
: Rape (03011
); apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0301
0301
21
Phys
ical
sexu
al a
ssau
lt Sexual
assault with p
hysical contac
t of a person.
- Sexual assau
lt as defined in
03012.
+ In
clus
ions
: Drug-facilita
ted sexual ass
ault; unwanted
groping or fon
dling; sexual
assault by abu
se of position
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 03012
0301
22
Non
-phy
sica
l sex
ual a
ssau
lt Sexual
assault withou
t physical con
tact of a perso
n - Sexua
l assault as de
fined in 03012
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Sexua
l harassment,
threat of a se
xual nature
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 03012
0301
29
Oth
er se
xual
ass
ault
not e
lsew
here
cla
ssifi
ed
Sexual assault
that is not de
scribed or clas
sified in categ
ories 030121
- 030122.
- Sexual assau
lt as defined in
03012.
+ In
clus
ions
: Voyeurism81
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 03012
0301
9 Oth
er a
cts o
f sex
ual v
iole
nce
Sexual violenc
e not describe
d or classified
in categories
03011 -
03012.
- Sexual violen
ce as defined
in 0301.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0301
81 V
oyeu
rism
is obtaining s
exual gratifica
tion by observ
ing unsuspect
ing individual
s who are part
ly undressed,
naked or enga
ged in sexual
acts.
52
SECT
ION
03
INJU
RIO
US
ACTS
OF
A SE
XUAL
NAT
URE
0302
Sexu
al e
xplo
itatio
n
Acts of abuse
of a position o
f vulnerability
, power or trus
t, or use of for
ce or threat
of force, for pr
ofiting financi
ally, physically
, socially or po
litically from t
he prostit
ution or sexua
l acts of a pers
on.82
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 03021 - 030
29 -
Excl
usio
ns: Rape
(03011); sexu
al violence (03
01); prostitut
ion offences,
pornography o
ffences and ot
her acts again
st public orde
r sexual stand
ards such as
incest and exh
ibitionism (08
02); abuse of f
unction (0703
3); assaults
and threats (0
201); slavery
and exploitatio
n not amount
ing to injuriou
s acts of a sex
ual nature (02
03); TIP for se
xual exploitat
ion (02041); h
arassment
and stalking (0
207); status o
ffences (1102
1) 03
021 Se
xual
exp
loita
tion
of a
dults
Sexual
exploitation o
f an adult.
- Sexual explo
itation as defi
ned in 0302.
+ In
clus
ions
: Recruiting, e
nticing or pro
curing a perso
n into prostitu
tion; pimpin
g; keeping, ma
naging or kno
wingly financ
ing a brothel;
knowingly
letting or rent
ing a building
or other plac
e for the purpo
se of the prost
itution
of others
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0302
0302
2 Sexu
al e
xplo
itatio
n of
chi
ldre
n Sexual
exploitation o
f a child.
- Sexual explo
itation as defi
ned in 0302.
- Child as defin
ed in national
legislation.
+ In
clus
ions
: Possession o
f child pornog
raphy, creatin
g child porno
graphy,
recruiting, en
ticing, procur
ing a child into
prostitution; p
imping; keepi
ng, manag
ing or knowing
ly financing a b
rothel for chil
d prostitution
; knowingly
letting or rent
ing a building
or other plac
e for the purpo
se of the prost
itution
of children; ap
ply all inclusi
ons listed in 0
30221 - 03022
9 -
Excl
usio
ns: Statu
tory rape (030
113); apply al
l exclusions lis
ted in 0302
0302
21
Child
por
nogr
aphy
Procur
ing, arranging
, facilitating o
r controlling a
child for the
purposes of cr
eating child p
ornography a
nd/or possessi
ng, dissem
inating, broad
casting, transm
itting, exhibitin
g or selling
child pornogr
aphy.83
- Child as defin
ed in national
legislation.
+ In
clus
ions
: Possession o
f child pornog
raphy; sharing
child pornogr
aphy; creatin
g child porno
graphy; down
loading child p
ornography, p
rocuring sexua
l images
or other form
s of child abus
e materials fr
om children
- Ex
clus
ions
: Pornography
offences (080
22); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 03022
82 P
rost
itut
ion, at m
inimum, is the
exchange of m
oney or other
forms of remu
neration for se
xual activities
. 83
Chi
ld p
orno
grap
hy, at min
imum, is visua
l representati
on or depictio
n of a child en
gaged in sexua
lly explicit co
nduct, a real p
erson appeari
ng to be a chil
d involved or
engaged in sex
ually explicit
conduct, or re
alistic images
of a non-exist
ent child invo
lved in sexual
ly explicit con
duct. (Article 2
0 of the Counc
il of Europe C
onvention on
the Protection
of Children ag
ainst Sexual E
xploitation an
d Sexual
Abuse).
53
SECT
ION
03
INJU
RIO
US
ACTS
OF
A SE
XUAL
NAT
URE
0302
22
Child
pro
stitu
tion
Recruiting, en
ticing and/or p
rocuring a chil
d into prostitu
tion or proc
uring the sexu
al services of
a child prostit
ute.84 - Prost
itution as defi
ned in footno
te 82. - Child
as defined in n
ational legisla
tion. +
Incl
usio
ns: Payin
g for the sexua
l services of a
child, recruitin
g, enticing or
procuring a ch
ild into prostit
ution; pimping
, keeping, man
aging or know
ingly financi
ng a brothel fo
r child prostit
ution; knowing
ly letting or re
nting a
building or oth
er place for th
e purpose of ch
ild prostitutio
n -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0302
2 03
0223
Se
xual
gro
omin
g of
child
ren
Making contac
t with a child f
ollowed by m
aterial acts lea
ding to a me
eting for sexua
l purposes.85
- Child as defin
ed in national
legislation.
+ In
clus
ions
: Cyber-groom
ing; making co
ntact with a ch
ild through the
interne
t and exposin
g them to sexu
ally explicit ma
terial; making c
ontact with
a child in pers
on to expose t
hem gradually
to sexually exp
licit material
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0302
0302
29
Oth
er se
xual
exp
loita
tion
of c
hild
ren
Sexual exploit
ation of childr
en not describ
ed or classifie
d in categor
ies 030221 - 0
30223.
- Sexual explo
itation as defi
ned in 0302.
- Child as defin
ed in national
legislation.
+ In
clus
ions
: Gross indece
ncy with a chil
d; luring a chil
d; forcing a ch
ild to witnes
s a sexual act o
r to view porn
ography; child
sex tourism86
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 03022
0302
9 Oth
er a
cts o
f sex
ual e
xplo
itatio
n Sexual
exploitation n
ot described o
r classified in
categories 030
21 - 03022
. - Sexua
l exploitation
as defined in
0302. +
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0302
0309
Oth
er in
jurio
us a
cts o
f a se
xual
nat
ure
Injurious acts
of a sexual na
ture not descr
ibed or classif
ied in categori
es 0301 -
0302. +
-
Excl
usio
ns: Sexua
l violence (030
1); sexual exp
loitation (030
2); coercion
(0203); prosti
tution offence
s, pornograph
y offences and
other acts aga
inst public
order sexual s
tandards such
as incest and
exhibitionism
(0802); abus
e of func
tion (07033);
assaults and
threats (0201
); slavery and
exploitation n
ot amoun
ting to injurio
us acts of a se
xual nature (0
203); TIP for s
exual exploit
ation (02041)
; harassment
and stalking (0
207); apply al
l exclusions
listed in 0301
- 0302
84 Article
3(1) I (b) of t
he 2000 UN O
ptional Protoc
ol to the Conv
ention on the
Rights of the C
hild on the sal
e of children, c
hild prostitut
ion and child p
ornography.
85 Counc
il of Europe "S
exual violence
against childr
en - The Europ
ean legislative
framework and
outline of Cou
ncil of Europe
conventions a
nd European
Union policy."
, Page 63. Web
: <http:/
/www.coe.int
/t/dg3/childr
en/1in5/Sour
ce/Publication
SexualViolenc
e/Ruelle.pdf>
. 86
Chi
ld s
ex to
uris
m is the c
ommercial sex
ual exploitatio
n of children b
y persons who
travel from o
ne place to an
other and ther
e engage in sex
ual acts with
children. (UNI
CEF, Commerc
ial Sexual
Exploitation o
f Children (CSE
C) and Child S
exual Abuse (C
SA) in the Paci
fic: A regional
report. Suva, F
iji, 2006. Web
: http://www
.unicef.org/ea
pro/Pacific_CS
EC_report.pdf
).
54
SECT
ION
04
ACTS
AGA
INST
PRO
PERT
Y IN
VOLV
ING
VIO
LEN
CE O
R TH
REAT
AGA
INST
A P
ERSO
N
0401
Robb
ery
Unlawfully tak
ing or obtainin
g property wit
h the use of fo
rce or threat o
f force against
a person with
intent to perm
anently or tem
porarily withh
old it from a
person or org
anization.
+
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
with violence
; banditry; dac
oity; apply all
inclusions list
ed in 0401
1 - 04019
- Ex
clus
ions
: Burglary, the
ft and other ac
ts only agains
t property (05
); assault
s and threats
(0201); posse
ssion of stolen
goods or mon
ey; receiving,
handlin
g, disposing, se
lling or traffick
ing stolen goo
ds; using stolen
parts for
producing oth
er goods; conc
ealment of sto
len goods (070
4); property d
amage
(0504); kidna
pping (02022)
; demanding a
particular cou
rse of action th
rough a writt
en or verbal th
reat (02051)
0401
1
Robb
ery
from
the
pers
on
Robbery of pe
rsonal proper
ty by direct co
ntact with the
victim.87
- Robbery as d
efined in 0401
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0401
11 - 040119
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0401
0401
11
Robb
ery
from
the
pers
on in
a p
ublic
loca
tion
Robbery of pe
rsonal proper
ty from a pers
on in a public
locatio
n.88 - Robbe
ry as defined
in 0401.
- Personal pro
perty as defin
ed in footnote
87. +
Incl
usio
ns: Stree
t robbery; mug
ging; bag snat
ching with forc
e -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0401
1 04
0112
Ro
bber
y fr
om th
e pe
rson
in a
priv
ate
loca
tion
Robbery of pe
rsonal proper
ty from a pers
on in a privat
e locatio
n.89 - Robbe
ry as defined
in 0401.
- Personal pro
perty as defin
ed in footnote
87. +
Incl
usio
ns: Force
or threat of fo
rce used to ste
al during the co
urse of a
residential bur
glary -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0401
1 04
0119
O
ther
robb
ery
from
the
pers
on
Robbery from
the person no
t described or
classified in
categories 040
111 - 040112.
- Robbe
ry as defined
in 0401.
+ In
clus
ions
: Robbery fro
m a person in
miscellaneou
s locations
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 04011
87 P
erso
nal p
rope
rty, at m
inimum, is any
asset of a pers
on other than
real estate.
88 P
ublic
loca
tion, at m
inimum, is a lo
cation that is
open and acce
ssible to every
one. 89
Pri
vate
loca
tion
, at minimum,
is a place that
is exclusively
used for perso
nal purposes o
r private gath
erings and wh
ere the public
does not have
free access.
55
SECT
ION
04
ACTS
AGA
INST
PRO
PERT
Y IN
VOLV
ING
VIO
LEN
CE O
R TH
REAT
AGA
INST
A P
ERSO
N
0401
2 Robb
ery
of v
alua
bles
or g
oods
in tr
ansit
Robber
y of property i
n transit.
-Robbery as d
efined in 0401
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0401
21 - 040122
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0401
0401
21
Robb
ery
of a
car
or v
ehic
le
Robbery of a v
ehicle in trans
it from the pe
rson operating
the vehicle
or its passeng
ers. - Robbe
ry as defined
in 0401.
- Vehicle as de
fined in footno
te 49. +
Incl
usio
ns: Carja
cking; robbery
of property in
a vehicle in tra
nsit; taxi
robbery; robb
ery of a securi
ty van; robber
y in or from a
railway
- Ex
clus
ions
: Theft of a m
otorized vehic
le or parts ther
eof (05021); a
pply all
exclusions list
ed in 04012
0401
29
Oth
er ro
bber
y of
val
uabl
es o
r goo
ds in
tran
sit
Robbery of val
uables or good
s in transit no
t described or
classifi
ed by 040121.
- Robbe
ry as defined
in 0401.
+ In
clus
ions
: Robbery of c
argo on highw
ays -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0401
2 04
013 Ro
bber
y of
an
esta
blis
hmen
t or i
nstit
utio
n Robber
y of an establi
shment or ins
titution.
- Robbery as d
efined in 0401
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0401
31 - 040132
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0401
0401
31
Robb
ery
of a
fina
ncia
l ins
titut
ion
Robbery of a fi
nancial institu
tion. 90
- Robbery as d
efined in 0401
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Robb
ery of a bank;
robbery of an
ATM -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0401
3 04
0132
Ro
bber
y of
a n
on-fi
nanc
ial i
nstit
utio
n Robber
y of a non-fina
ncial institutio
n. - Finan
cial institution
as defined in
footnote 90.
- Robbery as d
efined in 0401
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Robb
ery of a post o
ffice; robbery o
f petrol/gas s
tation; robber
y of a bu
siness; shop r
obbery
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 04013
90 F
inan
cial
inst
itut
ion,
at minimum,
is a public or p
rivate establis
hment that foc
uses on dealin
g with financi
al transactions
, including inv
estments, loan
s and deposits
.
56
SECT
ION
04
ACTS
AGA
INST
PRO
PERT
Y IN
VOLV
ING
VIO
LEN
CE O
R TH
REAT
AGA
INST
A P
ERSO
N
0401
4 Robb
ery
of li
vest
ock
Robbery of liv
estock from it
s caretaker.91
- Robb
ery as defined
in 0401.
+ In
clus
ions
: Robbery of c
attle, goats, sh
eep, chickens
or other livest
ock; cattle r
ustling
- Ex
clus
ions
: Theft of live
stock (05025)
; Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0401
0401
9 Oth
er a
cts o
f rob
bery
Acts of
robbery not d
escribed or cla
ssified in cate
gories 04011
- 04014.
- Robb
ery as defined
in 0401.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0401.
0409
Oth
er a
cts a
gain
st p
rope
rty
invo
lvin
g vi
olen
ce o
r thr
eat
agai
nst a
per
son
Acts against p
roperty involv
ing violence o
r threat again
st a person no
t described or
classifi
ed in 0401.
+ In
clus
ions
: Plundering/p
illaging from a
n unspecified
location; looti
ng -
Excl
usio
ns: Prope
rty damage (05
04); burglary,
theft and othe
r acts against
property (05)
; assaults and
threats (0201
); possession
of stolen good
s or money
; receiving, ha
ndling, dispos
ing, selling or
trafficking sto
len goods;
using stolen p
arts for produ
cing other goo
ds; concealme
nt of stolen go
ods (0704)
; robbery (040
1); kidnapping
or taking a ho
stage (02022)
; apply all
exclusions list
ed in 0401
91 L
ives
tock
, at minimum,
are domesticat
ed animals use
d for food, fibr
e and labour a
nd includes co
ws, sheep, chic
kens, pigs, hor
ses, and other
species. (Unit
ed Nations. Fo
od and Agricu
lture Organi
zation. Livest
ock Statistics.
Web: <www.f
ao.org/.../eufa
o.../SUA_FBS_
Workshop_Ba
ckground_Liv
estockStatics>
.).
57
SECT
ION
05
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
ROPE
RTY
ON
LY
0501
Burg
lary
Gaining unauth
orized access
to a part of a b
uilding/dwell
ing or other pr
emises with
or without the
use of force a
gainst the bui
lding/dwelling
, with intent t
o commit
theft or when
actually comm
itting theft.
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
+
Incl
usio
ns: Break
ing and enterin
g; unlawful en
try with inten
t to commit
theft; access b
y deception wi
th intent to com
mit theft; appl
y all inclusion
s listed i
n 05011 - 050
19
-
Excl
usio
ns: Unlaw
fully taking or
obtaining pro
perty with the
intent to
permanently o
r temporarily
deprive it fro
m a person or
organization
without
consent and w
ithout the use
of force, threa
t of force or v
iolence, coerci
on or decept
ion (0502); po
ssession of sto
len goods or m
oney; receivin
g, handling,
disposing, sell
ing or trafficki
ng stolen goo
ds; using stolen
parts for prod
ucing other g
oods; concealm
ent of stolen g
oods (0704); p
roperty damag
e (0504);
unlawfully tak
ing or obtainin
g property dire
ctly from a pe
rson with the
intent to perm
anently or tem
porarily withh
old it from a p
erson or organ
ization with
the use of forc
e or threat of f
orce (0401)
0501
1 Burg
lary
of b
usin
ess p
rem
ises
Burgla
ry of business
premises.92
- Burglary as d
efined in 0501
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Break
ing and enteri
ng business p
remises; ram
raiding; unlaw
ful entry i
nto a business
with intent to
commit theft
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0501
0501
2 Burg
lary
of p
rivat
e re
siden
tial p
rem
ises
Burgla
ry of private re
sidential prem
ises.93 - Burgl
ary as defined
in 0501.
+ In
clus
ions
: Breaking and
entering of res
idential premi
ses; unlawful
entry into re
sidential prem
ises with inten
t to commit the
ft; breaking, en
tering and
stealing from
residential pr
emises; theft b
y burglary of a
dwelling; bur
glary of
a shed/garage
belonging to a
private resid
ential premise
; housebreakin
g -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0501
0501
21
Burg
lary
of p
erm
anen
t priv
ate
resi
denc
es
Burglary of pr
ivate residenti
al premises wh
ere the victim
s are acc
ustomed to liv
ing most of th
e time during
the course of
a year.
- Burglary as d
efined in 0501
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Burgl
ary of a house,
apartment or o
ther dwelling t
hat is the
habitual place
of residence of
the victim
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0501
92 B
usin
ess
prem
ises
, at minimum,
is the structur
e or land on w
hich a commer
cial or industr
ial enterprise
is located and
includes offic
e buildings, sh
ops, clubs, ban
ks, factories, s
ervice station
s, hotels,
malls, retail s
tores, farm lan
d, warehouses
and other lan
d or buildings
. 93
Pri
vate
res
iden
tial
pre
mis
es, at min
imum, is real
estate owned
, rented, or lea
sed by a perso
n.
58
SECT
ION
05
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
ROPE
RTY
ON
LY
0501
22
Burg
lary
of n
on-p
erm
anen
t priv
ate
resi
denc
es
Burglary of pr
ivate residenti
al premises wh
ere the victim
s live on
ly temporarily
during the cou
rse of a year.
- Burglary as d
efined in 0501
.
+ In
clus
ions
: Burglary of s
ummerhouses
, burglary of se
condary house
s, breakin
g, entering an
d stealing fro
m hotel room
s or other temp
orarily rented
premis
es -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0501
0501
3 Burg
lary
of p
ublic
pre
mis
es
Burglary of pu
blic premises.9
4 - Burgl
ary as defined
in 0501.
+ In
clus
ions
: Breaking and
entering publi
c premises; un
lawful entry i
nto public
property with
intent to com
mit an offence
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0501
0501
9 Oth
er a
cts o
f bur
glar
y Acts of
burglary not d
escribed or cla
ssified in cate
gories 05011
- 05013.
- Burgl
ary as defined
in 0501.
+ In
clus
ions
: Burglary of m
obile homes; b
urglary of prem
ises that canno
t be identifi
ed as public, p
rivate or busin
ess premises
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0501
0502
Thef
t Unlawf
ully taking or o
btaining of pro
perty with the
intent to perm
anently withho
ld it from
a person or o
rganization wi
thout consent
and without
the use of forc
e, threat
of force or viol
ence, coercion
or deception.
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 05021 - 050
29
- Ex
clus
ions
: Possession o
f stolen goods
or money; rec
eiving, handli
ng, disposi
ng, selling or t
rafficking stol
en goods; usin
g stolen parts f
or producing
other goods; c
oncealment of s
tolen goods (0
704); obtainin
g money or oth
er benefit
or evading a
liability throug
h deceit or dis
honest condu
ct (0701);
robbery (0401
); property da
mage (0504);
theft after un
authorized ac
cess to
premises (050
1); theft of int
ellectual prop
erty (0503); i
dentity theft (
07019)
0502
1 Th
eft o
f a m
otor
ized
veh
icle
or p
arts
ther
eof
Theft of a mot
orized vehicle
or parts of a m
otorized of ve
hicle.95
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
- Motorized ve
hicle as define
d in footnote 9
5. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0502
11 - 050219
- Ex
clus
ions
: Robbery of a
car or vehicle
(040121); ap
ply all exclusi
ons listed
in 0502
94 P
ublic
pre
mis
es, at min
imum, are pro
perty that is o
wned, rented
or leased by t
he Governmen
t or other publ
ic bodies.
95 M
otor
ized
vehicle mean
s all self-prop
elled vehicles
that are prope
lled by an eng
ine or a motor
, including car
s, motorcycles
, boats and air
craft. Moto
rize
d la
nd vehicl
e means all lan
d vehicles wit
h an engine th
at run on the r
oad, including
cars, motorcyc
les, buses, lorr
ies, constructi
on and agricu
ltural vehicles
. Part
s of a
veh
icle
are any elem
ent or replacem
ent element s
pecifically desi
gned for a veh
icle and essent
ial to its opera
tion, including
engines, trans
missions, tires
and windows
.
59
SECT
ION
05
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
ROPE
RTY
ON
LY
0502
11
Thef
t of a
mot
oriz
ed la
nd v
ehic
le
Theft of a mot
orized land ve
hicle. - Theft
as defined in
0502. - Motor
ized land vehic
le as defined in
footnote 95.
+ In
clus
ions
: Larceny of a
car, van or tru
ck; theft of a m
otorcycle
- Ex
clus
ions
: Illegal use of
a motor vehic
le (050212); t
heft of parts o
f a motor
vehicle (0502
13); theft of p
ersonal prope
rty from a moto
r vehicle (050
221); apply a
ll exclusions li
sted in 05021
0502
12
Illeg
al u
se o
f a m
otor
ized
land
veh
icle
Unlawf
ully taking or o
btaining a mot
orized land ve
hicle with
the intent to te
mporarily dep
rive it from a p
erson or
organization w
ithout consen
t and without
the use of forc
e, threat
of force or viol
ence, coercion
or deception.
- Motor
ized land vehic
le as defined in
footnote 95.
+ In
clus
ions
: Joyriding
- Ex
clus
ions
: Unlawfully ta
king or obtain
ing a motor ve
hicle with the
intent to perm
anently depriv
e (050211); th
eft of parts of
a motor vehic
le (050213);
theft of boats,
planes and oth
er vehicles (05
0219); theft o
f personal pro
perty from a
motor vehicle
(050221); ap
ply all exclusi
ons listed in 0
5021 05
0213
Th
eft o
f par
ts o
f a m
otor
ized
land
veh
icle
Theft o
f parts of a mo
torized land v
ehicle. - Theft
as defined in
0502. - Parts
as defined in fo
otnote 95.
- Motorized lan
d vehicle as de
fined in footno
te 95. +
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
of car tires, m
otors, transmi
ssion, windows
, etc. -
Excl
usio
ns: Sipho
ning oil or fue
l or the theft o
f personal pro
perty from a
motor vehicle
(050221); ap
ply all exclusi
ons listed in 0
5021 05
0219
O
ther
thef
t of a
mot
oriz
ed v
ehic
le o
r par
ts
ther
eof
Theft of a mot
orized vehicle
or parts of a m
otorized vehic
le not des
cribed or clas
sified in categ
ories 050211
- 050213.
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
- Motorized ve
hicle as define
d in footnote 9
5.
+ In
clus
ions
: Theft of boa
t or aircraft; t
heft of boat or
aircraft parts
- Ex
clus
ions
: Siphoning oi
l or fuel or the
theft of perso
nal property f
rom a motori
zed vehicle (05
0222); hijacki
ng cars and ai
rcraft (020223
); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 05021
0502
2 Th
eft o
f per
sona
l pro
pert
y
Theft of perso
nal property.
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
- Personal pro
perty as defin
ed in footnote
87. +
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
where entry w
as lawfully ga
ined; apply al
l inclusions
listed in 0502
21 - 050229
- Ex
clus
ions
: Theft of a m
otorized land
vehicle or mot
orized land ve
hicle parts (
05021); theft o
f business pro
perty (05023)
; theft of public
property
(05024); theft
of livestock (
05025); theft o
f pets (05025)
; apply all exc
lusions
listed in 0502
60
SECT
ION
05
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
ROPE
RTY
ON
LY
0502
21
Thef
t of p
erso
nal p
rope
rty
from
a p
erso
n Theft o
f personal pro
perty carried
on a person.
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
- Personal pro
perty as defin
ed in footnote
87. +
Incl
usio
ns: Pick p
ocketing; bag s
natching not a
mounting to r
obbery
- Ex
clus
ions
: Theft of a bi
cycle (050229)
; apply all exc
lusions listed
in 05022
0502
22
Thef
t of p
erso
nal p
rope
rty
from
a v
ehic
le
Theft of perso
nal property f
rom a vehicle.
- Theft
as defined in
0502. - Vehic
le as defined in
footnote 49.
- Personal pro
perty as defin
ed in footnote
87. +
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
of a purse fro
m a vehicle; th
eft of an elect
ronic device
from a vehicle
; theft of a GPS
device; sipho
ning gas or oil
-
Excl
usio
ns: Theft
of motorized
land vehicle p
arts (050213)
; apply all
exclusions list
ed in 05022
0502
29
Oth
er th
eft o
f per
sona
l pro
pert
y Theft o
f personal pro
perty not desc
ribed or classi
fied in categor
ies 050221 - 0
50222.
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
- Personal pro
perty as defin
ed in footnote
87. +
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
without break
ing and enterin
g; theft of prop
erty outside
the dwelling;
theft from gar
ages or sheds
and lock-ups w
ith no connect
ing door to
a dwelling; th
eft of a bicycle
; theft of a pet
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 05022
0502
3 Th
eft o
f bus
ines
s pro
pert
y
Theft of mova
ble property t
hat is not a veh
icle from a bu
siness.
- Movable pro
perty is any a
sset other than
real estate.
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
- Vehicle as de
fined in footno
te 49. +
Incl
usio
ns: Dine
and dash; leav
ing without pa
yment; theft b
y employees;
apply all inclu
sions listed in
050231 - 050
239 -
Excl
usio
ns: Burgl
ary of a busine
ss premises (05
011); robbery
of an establi
shment or ins
titution (0401
3); theft of pu
blic property (
05024); theft o
f private
property (050
22); theft of li
vestock (0502
5); theft of a v
ehicle or parts
thereo
f (05021); app
ly all exclusion
s listed in 050
2 05
0231
Th
eft f
rom
a sh
op
Theft of busin
ess property f
rom retail pre
mises. - Theft
as defined in
0502. +
Incl
usio
ns: Shopl
ifting; theft of
merchandise f
rom a shop
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 05023
0502
39
Oth
er th
eft o
f bus
ines
s pro
pert
y Theft o
f business pro
perty from pr
emises that ar
e not retail
premises.
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
+ In
clus
ions
: Theft of bus
iness/office su
pplies by an e
mployee; theft
from a
vending mach
ine; theft from
hotels, restau
rants, cinemas
, theatres, plac
es of enterta
inment, offices
, workshops
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 05023
61
SECT
ION
05
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
ROPE
RTY
ON
LY
0502
4 Th
eft o
f pub
lic p
rope
rty
Theft o
f any movable
public proper
ty that is not a
vehicle.96
- Theft as defi
ned in 0502.
- Vehicle as de
fined in footno
te 49. +
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
of public prop
erty; theft of p
ublic park equ
ipment
- Ex
clus
ions
: Theft of elec
tric power, wat
er or other ut
ility services (
05026);
robbery of an
establishmen
t or institution
(04013); the
ft of a vehicle o
r parts
thereof (0502
1); theft of pr
ivate property
(05022); the
ft of business
property
(05023); theft
of livestock (
05025); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0502
0502
5 Th
eft o
f liv
esto
ck
Theft of livest
ock. - Theft
as defined in
0502. - Livest
ock as defined
in footnote 91
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
of cows, chick
en, sheep, fish
, etc. -
Excl
usio
ns: Robb
ery of livestoc
k (04014); th
eft of pets (05
0229); apply
all exclusi
ons listed in 0
502 05
026
Thef
t of s
ervi
ces
Theft of servic
es. -Theft
as defined in 0
502. +
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
of electric pow
er, water or o
ther utility se
rvices; theft o
f televis
ion/cable signa
ls; fare evasio
n; avoiding pa
yment for ser
vices -
Excl
usio
ns: Fraud
(0701); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0502
0502
9 O
ther
act
s of t
heft
Theft o
f property not
described or
classified in ca
tegories 0502
1 - 05026.
- Theft
as defined in
0502. +
Incl
usio
ns: Theft
of mail; theft
by conversion
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0502
0503
Inte
llect
ual p
rope
rty
offe
nces
Unlawf
ul copying, usi
ng, reproducin
g or other infri
ngements of c
opyrights, pate
nts, tradem
arks or other i
ntellectual pr
operty.97
+ In
clus
ions
: Intellectual p
roperty theft; c
opyright infri
ngements; un
lawful approp
riation of cop
yright; compu
ter software p
iracy; industr
ial espionage
not amountin
g to forgery or
counterfeiting
-
Excl
usio
ns: Creat
ing, manufactu
ring, passing o
r possessing c
ounterfeit
trademarked,
patented, licen
sed or otherw
ise protected
products (070
22); theft (0
502); possessi
on of stolen go
ods or money
; receiving, ha
ndling,
disposing, sell
ing or trafficki
ng stolen goo
ds; using stolen
parts for prod
ucing other g
oods; concealm
ent of stolen g
oods (0704); i
dentity theft (
07019);
forgery/count
erfeiting (0702
); acts against
computer sys
tems not amo
unting to pira
cy of computer
software (090
3)
96
Pub
lic p
rope
rty is pro
perty owned b
y the Governm
ent other than
real estate.
97 In
telle
ctua
l pro
pert
y is defined, a
t minimum, as
inventions; lit
erary and arti
stic work; and
symbols, imag
es and names
used in comm
erce. (World In
tellectual Prop
erty Organizat
ion. Basic
Definitions. G
eneva, Switze
rland: Web: <ht
tp://www.wi
po.int/about-
ip/en/studies
/publications/
ip_definitions
.htm>.).
Patent
is defined as a
n exclusive rig
ht granted for
an invention,
which is a pr
oduct or a pro
cess that prov
ides a new way
of doing some
thing, or offers
a new technic
al solution to a
problem. (Wo
rld Intellec
tual Property
Organization
. Basic De
finiti
ons. Gene
va, Switzerlan
d: Web: <http
://www.wipo
.int/about-ip/
en/studies/p
ublications/ip
_definitions.h
tm>.). Copy
righ
t is defined as
a legal term d
escribing righ
ts given to crea
tors for their l
iterary and ar
tistic work. (W
orld Intellectu
al Property Or
ganization. Ba
sic D
efin
ition
s. Geneva, Swi
tzerland: Web
: <http:/
/www.wipo.i
nt/about-ip/e
n/studies/pu
blications/ip_d
efinitions.htm
>.). Trad
emar
k is defined a
s a distinctive
sign that iden
tifies certain go
ods or service
s as those prod
uced or provi
ded by a spec
ific person or
enterprise. (W
orld Intellectu
al Property Or
ganization. Ba
sic Definit
ions. Geneva,
Switzerland: ,
Web: <http://
www.wipo.int/
about-ip/en/
studies/public
ations/ip_defi
nitions.htm>.)
.
62
SECT
ION
05
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
ROPE
RTY
ON
LY
0504
Prop
erty
dam
age
Willful destru
ction, damage
or defacemen
t of property.
+
Incl
usio
ns: Arson
; property dam
age by explosi
on; vandalism
; graffiti;
sabotage not
amounting to
dangerous or
negligent act;
illegal inundat
ion; sabota
ge not amoun
ting to a dang
erous or neglig
ent act; hit an
d run causing
proper
ty damage, wi
lful damage to a
motor vehicle
; apply all incl
usions listed
in 05041 - 050
49 -
Excl
usio
ns: Break
ing and enterin
g property (05
01); damaging
computer
systems or co
mputer data is
coded as an a
ct against com
puter systems
(0903)
; killing or hur
ting animals (
10091); dama
ge against the
environment
(10) 05
041
Dam
age
of p
ublic
pro
pert
y
Intentional de
struction, dam
age or defacem
ent of public p
roperty.
- Public proper
ty as defined in
footnote 96.
+ In
clus
ions
: Destruction
of governmen
t facilities; ph
ysical damage
to public
property in sc
hools -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
in 0504
0504
2 Da
mag
e of
per
sona
l pro
pert
y
Intentional de
struction, dam
age or defacem
ent of persona
l proper
ty. +
Incl
usio
ns: Destr
uction of a pri
vate dwelling;
damage to pe
rsonal proper
ty -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
in 0504
0504
3 Da
mag
e of
bus
ines
s pro
pert
y
Intentional de
struction, dam
age or defacem
ent of business
proper
ty. +
Incl
usio
ns: Destr
uction of busi
ness property
; damage to b
usiness proper
ty -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
in 05042
0504
9 O
ther
dam
age
of p
rope
rty
Intenti
onal destructi
on, damage or
defacement of p
roperty not
described or c
lassified in cat
egories 05041
- 05043.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions in 050
4 05
09 O
ther
act
s aga
inst
pro
pert
y on
ly
Acts against p
roperty only n
ot described o
r classified in
categories 050
1 - 0504.
+ In
clus
ions
: Unlawful app
ropriation of p
roperty; squat
ting; unlawful
acquisition of
housing or lan
d; criminal tre
spass; forcible
entry and
occupation
- Ex
clus
ions
: Property dam
age (0504); Da
maging compu
ter systems (0
903); damag
e against the e
nvironment (
10); apply all
exclusions in 0
501 - 0504
63
SECT
ION
06
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
CON
TRO
LLED
DRU
GS O
R O
THER
PSY
CHO
ACTI
VE S
UBS
TAN
CES
0601
Unl
awfu
l act
s inv
olvi
ng c
ontr
olle
d dr
ugs o
r pre
curs
ors
Unlawful hand
ling, possessio
n, purchase, u
se, trafficking
, cultivation o
r production
of controlled d
rugs or precur
sors for perso
nal consumpti
on and for non
-personal
consumption.9
8 +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0601
1 - 06019
- Ex
clus
ions
: Operating a v
ehicle under th
e influence of p
sychoactive
substances (02
072); causing
death by driv
ing under the i
nfluence of dru
gs or alcoho
l (010321)
0601
1 Unl
awfu
l pos
sess
ion,
pur
chas
e, u
se, c
ultiv
atio
n or
pr
oduc
tion
of c
ontr
olle
d dr
ugs f
or p
erso
nal
cons
umpt
ion
Unlawful poss
ession, purcha
se, use, cultiv
ation or produ
ction of
controlled dru
gs for persona
l consumption
. - Contr
olled drugs as
defined in foo
tnote 98.
+ In
clus
ions
: Drug posses
sion; drug use
; drug cultivati
on for persona
l consum
ption; apply al
l inclusions lis
ted in 060111
- 060112
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0601
0601
11
Unl
awfu
l pos
sess
ion,
pur
chas
e or
use
of
cont
rolle
d dr
ugs f
or p
erso
nal c
onsu
mpt
ion
Unlawful poss
ession, purcha
se or use of co
ntrolled drugs
for person
al consumptio
n. - Contr
olled drugs as
defined in foo
tnote 98.
+ In
clus
ions
: Drug posses
sion; drug use
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0601
1 06
0112
U
nlaw
ful c
ultiv
atio
n or
pro
duct
ion
of
cont
rolle
d dr
ugs f
or p
erso
nal c
onsu
mpt
ion
Unlawful culti
vation, produ
ction manufac
ture, extractio
n or prepar
ation of contr
olled drugs fo
r personal con
sumption.
- Controlled d
rugs as define
d in footnote 9
8. +
Incl
usio
ns: Drug
cultivation for
personal cons
umption
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 06011
98 C
ontr
olle
d dr
ugs
are narcotic d
rugs and psych
otropic substa
nces schedule
d as such und
er the 1961 S
ingle Convent
ion on Narcot
ic Drugs, as am
ended, and th
e 1971 Conve
ntion on Psych
otropic
Substances.
Pre
curs
ors are su
bstances freq
uently used in
the illicit man
ufacture of na
rcotic drugs an
d psychotropic
substances as
defined in the
1988 Convent
ion against Illi
cit Traffic in N
arcotic Drugs
and Psycho
tropic Substan
ces.
64
SECT
ION
06
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
CON
TRO
LLED
DRU
GS O
R O
THER
PSY
CHO
ACTI
VE S
UBS
TAN
CES
0601
2 Unl
awfu
l tra
ffick
ing,
cul
tivat
ion
or p
rodu
ctio
n of
co
ntro
lled
drug
s or p
recu
rsor
s not
for p
erso
nal
cons
umpt
ion
Unlawful offer
ing, offering fo
r sale, distribu
tion, sale, deliv
ery, broker
age, dispatch,
dispatch in tra
nsit, transport
, importation,
exportation, c
ultivation, pro
duction, manu
facture, extrac
tion or
preparation o
f controlled d
rugs or precur
sors not in con
nection
with the use o
r possession o
f drugs for per
sonal consum
ption. - Contr
olled drugs as
defined in foo
tnote 98.
- Precursors a
s defined in fo
otnote 98.
+ In
clus
ions
: Drug cultiva
tion not for pe
rsonal consum
ption; drug
production; dr
ug trafficking
; apply all incl
usions listed i
n 060121 - 06
0129
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0601
0601
21
Unl
awfu
l tra
ffic
king
of c
ontr
olle
d dr
ugs n
ot fo
r pe
rson
al c
onsu
mpt
ion
Unlawful offer
ing, offering fo
r sale, distribu
tion, sale,
delivery, brok
erage, dispatc
h, dispatch in
transit, transp
ort, import
ation or expor
tation of contr
olled drugs or
precursors
not in connect
ion with the u
se or possessi
on of drugs fo
r person
al consumptio
n. - Contr
olled drugs as
defined in foo
tnote 98.
+ In
clus
ions
: Drug dealing
, drug trafficki
ng; drug push
ing, retail selli
ng of drugs t
hrough use of
the internet; o
rganizing, sup
ervising or ma
naging a drug
-distrib
ution enterpri
se; importatio
n/exportation
of illicit drug
s; selling,
offering for sa
le, distributin
g, marketing, a
dvertising of i
llicit drugs or
precursors; fa
cilitating a dru
g-trafficking o
peration
- Ex
clus
ions
: Import/expo
rt offences (08
042); customs
offences (080
41); apply a
ll exclusions li
sted in 06012
0601
22
Unl
awfu
l man
ufac
ture
of c
ontr
olle
d dr
ugs n
ot
for p
erso
nal c
onsu
mpt
ion
Unlawful prod
uction, manuf
acture, extrac
tion or prepar
ation of cont
rolled drugs no
t in connection
with the use o
r posses
sion of drugs
for personal c
onsumption.
- Controlled d
rugs as define
d in footnote 9
8. +
Incl
usio
ns: Illicit
manufacture
of controlled d
rugs; illicit co
oking of
controlled dru
gs; illicit manu
facture of drug
s in clandestin
e laboratories
-
Excl
usio
ns: Unlaw
ful cultivation
or production
of controlled
drugs for
personal cons
umption (060
112); apply al
l exclusions lis
ted in 06012
0601
23
Unl
awfu
l cul
tivat
ion
of c
ontr
olle
d dr
ugs n
ot fo
r pe
rson
al c
onsu
mpt
ion
Unlawful culti
vation of cont
rolled drugs no
t in connection
with th
e use or posse
ssion of drugs
for personal
consumption.
- Controlled d
rugs as define
d in footnote 9
8. +
Incl
usio
ns: Drug
cultivation no
t for personal
consumption
- Ex
clus
ions
: Unlawful cult
ivation or pro
duction of con
trolled drugs
for person
al consumptio
n (060112); a
pply all exclus
ions listed in 0
6012
65
SECT
ION
06
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
CON
TRO
LLED
DRU
GS O
R O
THER
PSY
CHO
ACTI
VE S
UBS
TAN
CES
0601
24
Unl
awfu
l div
ersi
on o
f pre
curs
ors n
ot fo
r pe
rson
al c
onsu
mpt
ion
Unlawful man
ufacture, trans
port or distrib
ution of
precursors no
t in connection
with the use o
r possession o
f drugs f
or personal co
nsumption.
- Precursors a
s defined in fo
otnote 98.
+ In
clus
ions
: Unlawful dive
rsion of precu
rsor chemicals
; trafficking in
precur
sor chemicals
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 06012
0601
29
Oth
er u
nlaw
ful t
raffi
ckin
g, c
ultiv
atio
n or
pr
oduc
tion
of c
ontr
olle
d dr
ugs o
r pre
curs
ors
not f
or p
erso
nal c
onsu
mpt
ion
Other unlawfu
l trafficking, cu
ltivation or pr
oduction of
controlled dru
gs or precurso
rs not for pers
onal consump
tion not des
cribed or clas
sified in categ
ories 060121
- 060124.
- Controlled d
rugs as define
d in footnote 9
8. - Precu
rsors as defin
ed in footnote
98.
+ In
clus
ions
: Trafficking o
f equipment fo
r the illicit ma
nufacture, pro
duction
or cultivation
of controlled d
rugs -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0601
2 06
019
Oth
er u
nlaw
ful a
cts i
nvol
ving
con
trol
led
drug
s or
prec
urso
rs
Unlawful hand
ling, possessio
n or use of con
trolled drugs
or precur
sors for perso
nal consumpti
on and for non
-personal
consumption n
ot described o
r classified in
categories 060
11 - 06012.
- Contr
olled drugs as
defined in foo
tnote 98.
- Precursors a
s defined in fo
otnote 98.
+ In
clus
ions
: Issuing, hand
ling or dealing
in forged or a
ltered prescrip
tions; illicit a
cts involving d
rug paraphern
alia; encourag
ing the consum
ption of
controlled dru
gs; unlawful ad
vertising of con
trolled substa
nces -
Excl
usio
ns: Impo
rt/export offen
ces (08042); c
ustoms offenc
es (08041);
apply all exclu
sions listed in
0601 06
02 U
nlaw
ful a
cts i
nvol
ving
alc
ohol
, tob
acco
or o
ther
co
ntro
lled
subs
tanc
es
Unlawful hand
ling, possessio
n or use of alc
ohol or tobacc
o products or
other contro
lled substanc
es for persona
l consumption
and for non-p
ersonal
consumption.
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 06021 - 060
29 -
Excl
usio
ns: Opera
ting a vehicle u
nder the influe
nce of psychoa
ctive substan
ces (02072); d
rinking or smo
king age violat
ions or selling
alcohol or
tobacco to a m
inor (11021);
causing death
by driving und
er the influenc
e of drugs o
r alcohol (010
321); import/
export offenc
es (08042); cu
stoms offences
(08041
)
66
SECT
ION
06
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
CON
TRO
LLED
DRU
GS O
R O
THER
PSY
CHO
ACTI
VE S
UBS
TAN
CES
0602
1 U
nlaw
ful p
rodu
ctio
n, h
andl
ing,
pos
sess
ion
or u
se
of a
lcoh
ol p
rodu
cts
Unlawful hand
ling, possessio
n, use, produc
tion, traffickin
g or distrib
ution of alcoh
ol products fo
r personal con
sumption and
for non-pe
rsonal consum
ption. +
Incl
usio
ns: Illega
l brewing of a
lcohol; illegal
distilling of a
lcohol;
moonshining;
giving alcoho
l to an intoxic
ated person; a
pply all inclus
ions listed i
n 060211 - 06
0219 -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0602
0602
11
Unl
awfu
l pos
sess
ion
or u
se o
f alc
ohol
pro
duct
s Unlawf
ul possession
or use of alcoh
ol products fo
r personal
consumption.
+ In
clus
ions
: Unlawful pos
session, use or
consumption o
f alcohol prod
ucts -
Excl
usio
ns: Drink
ing age violati
ons or selling
alcohol to a m
inor (11021);
apply a
ll exclusions li
sted 06021
0602
12
Unl
awfu
l pro
duct
ion,
traf
ficki
ng o
r dis
trib
utio
n of
alc
ohol
pro
duct
s Unlawf
ul production,
sale, distribu
tion, delivery,
brokerage,
dispatch, disp
atch in transit
, transport, im
portation or
exportation o
f alcohol prod
ucts not for pe
rsonal consum
ption. +
Incl
usio
ns: Crimi
nal violation o
f restrictions
on the procur
ement of alcoh
ol produc
ts; criminal vio
lation of restri
ctions on the
distribution/s
elling of
alcohol produ
cts -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0602
1 06
0219
O
ther
unl
awfu
l pro
duct
ion,
han
dlin
g,
poss
essi
on o
r use
of a
lcoh
ol p
rodu
cts
Unlawful hand
ling, possessio
n, use, produc
tion, traffickin
g or distrib
ution of alcoh
ol products fo
r personal con
sumption
and for non-pe
rsonal consum
ption not desc
ribed or classi
fied in cate
gories 060211
- 060219.
+ In
clus
ions
: Unlawful pro
motion or adv
ertising of alc
ohol products
; encour
aging the unla
wful consump
tion of alcoho
l -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0602
1 06
022
Unl
awfu
l pro
duct
ion,
han
dlin
g, p
osse
ssio
n or
use
of
toba
cco
prod
ucts
Unlawf
ul handling, po
ssession, use,
production, tr
afficking or
distribution o
f tobacco prod
ucts for perso
nal consumpti
on and for
non-personal
consumption.
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 060221 - 06
0229 -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0602
67
SECT
ION
06
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
CON
TRO
LLED
DRU
GS O
R O
THER
PSY
CHO
ACTI
VE S
UBS
TAN
CES
0602
21
Unl
awfu
l pos
sess
ion
or u
se o
f tob
acco
pro
duct
s Unlawf
ul possession
or use of toba
cco products f
or personal
consumption.
+ In
clus
ions
: Possession, u
se or consump
tion of tobacco
products in
prohibited loc
ations; smoki
ng on aircrafts
-
Excl
usio
ns: Smok
ing or tobacco
-chewing age
violations or s
elling tobacco
produc
ts to a minor (1
1021); apply
all exclusions
in 06022
0602
22
Unl
awfu
l pro
duct
ion,
traf
ficki
ng o
r dis
trib
utio
n of
toba
cco
prod
ucts
Unlawf
ul production,
sale, distribu
tion, delivery,
brokerage,
dispatch, disp
atch in transit
, transport, im
portation or
exportation o
f tobacco prod
ucts not for pe
rsonal consum
ption. +
Incl
usio
ns: Crimi
nal violation o
f restrictions
on the procur
ement of toba
cco produc
ts; criminal vio
lation of restri
ctions on the
distribution/s
elling of
tobacco produ
cts -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0602
2 06
0229
O
ther
unl
awfu
l pro
duct
ion,
han
dlin
g,
poss
essi
on o
r use
of t
obac
co p
rodu
cts
Unlawful hand
ling, possessio
n, use, produc
tion, traffickin
g or distrib
ution of tobac
co products fo
r personal con
sumption
and for non-pe
rsonal consum
ption not desc
ribed or classi
fied in cate
gories 060221
- 060222.
+ In
clus
ions
: Unlawful pro
motion or adv
ertising of toba
cco products;
encouraging t
he unlawful us
e of tobacco pr
oducts
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 06022
0602
9 O
ther
unl
awfu
l act
s inv
olvi
ng a
lcoh
ol, t
obac
co o
r ot
her c
ontr
olle
d su
bsta
nces
Unlawf
ul handling, po
ssession or us
e of alcohol, to
bacco product
s or othe
r controlled su
bstances for pe
rsonal consum
ption and for
non-personal
consumption n
ot described o
r classified in
categories
06021 - 06022
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Dopin
g using contro
lled substances
; providing or c
onsuming
medicinal or o
ther illegal pr
oducts used t
o improve per
formance in sp
ort; encour
aging others to
dope; trading
of medicinal o
r other contro
lled substan
ces -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0602
1 - 06022
0609
Oth
er a
cts i
nvol
ving
con
trol
led
drug
s or o
ther
ps
ycho
activ
e su
bsta
nces
Acts in
volving contro
lled drugs or o
ther psychoac
tive substanc
es not describe
d or classifi
ed in categorie
s 0601 - 0602
. - Contr
olled drugs as
defined in foo
tnote 98.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Operating a v
ehicle under th
e influence of p
sychoactive
substances (02
072); drinking
or smoking ag
e violations or
selling alcoho
l or tobacco
to a minor (1
1021); causin
g death by driv
ing under the i
nfluence of
drugs or alcoh
ol (010321); i
mport/export
offences (804
2); customs o
ffences
(08041); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0601
- 0602
68
SECT
ION
07
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
FRAU
D, D
ECEP
TIO
N O
R CO
RRU
PTIO
N
0701
Frau
d
Obtaining mo
ney or other b
enefit, or evad
ing a liability
through decei
t or dishonest
conduc
t. +
Incl
usio
ns: Mortg
age fraud, fina
ncial fraud, qu
ackery, imper
sonation,
identity theft;
possession, cr
eation or use
of false weigh
ts for measure
; apply
all inclusions
listed in 0701
1 - 07019
- Ex
clus
ions
: Obtaining m
oney without
dishonest con
duct but with i
ntent to
withhold it fro
m the owner (
0502); fraudu
lent insolvenc
y, insider trad
ing and
other acts aga
inst commerc
ial financial re
gulations (080
42); electoral f
raud (08079
); illicit enrich
ment (07035)
0701
1 Fina
ncia
l fra
ud
Fraud involvin
g financial tra
nsactions for t
he purpose of p
ersonal
gain. This incl
udes using fin
ancial consum
er products su
ch as bank
accounts, cred
it cards, chequ
es, store cards
or online ban
king system
s. - Fraud
as defined in
0701. +
Incl
usio
ns: Bank
fraud; investm
ent fraud; che
que/credit ca
rd fraud; store
card fr
aud; online ba
nking fraud; w
riting bad cheq
ues; apply all
inclusions
listed in 0701
11 - 070112
- Ex
clus
ions
: Financial tra
nsactions to co
nceal, transfer
or disguise th
e procee
ds of crime (07
041); embezzl
ement (07032
); apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0701
0701
11
Fina
ncia
l fra
ud a
gain
st th
e St
ate
Financial frau
d against the S
tate. - Finan
cial fraud as d
efined in 0701
1. +
Incl
usio
ns: Procu
rement and co
ntractor fraud
; false claims f
raud not
amounting to
medical fraud
-
Excl
usio
ns: Socia
l welfare and
tax fraud (080
41); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 0701
1 07
0112
Fi
nanc
ial f
raud
aga
inst
nat
ural
or l
egal
per
sons
Financ
ial fraud again
st natural or l
egal persons.9
9 - Finan
cial fraud as d
efined in 0701
1. +
Incl
usio
ns: Mortg
age fraud; sec
urities fraud; i
nvestment fra
ud; bank fraud
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0701
1 07
019
Oth
er a
cts o
f fra
ud
Fraud not desc
ribed or classi
fied in 07011.
- Fraud
as defined in
0701. +
Incl
usio
ns: Posse
ssion, creation
or use of false
weights for m
easure;
medical fraud
or quackery n
ot amounting
to malpractice
or medical
negligence; fra
udulent failur
e to supply con
sumer goods o
r obtaining go
ods by frau
d; false accoun
ting; hiding or
destroying m
oney; wire frau
d; insurance
fraud; unlicens
ed/unregister
ed practice in
a trade or pro
fession; identi
ty theft; f
alse represen
tation of identi
ty or professio
nal status; im
personation;
fraudulent pr
etence of mar
riage; setting u
p or operating
a pyramid sch
eme; swindl
ing -
Excl
usio
ns: Finan
cial transactio
ns to conceal, t
ransfer or disg
uise the
proceeds of cr
ime (07041); e
mbezzlement
(07032); illicit
enrichment
(07035); tax fr
aud (08041); a
pply all exclus
ions listed in 0
701
99
A n
atur
al p
erso
n is a human b
eing as disting
uished in law
from a legal p
erson.
A le
gal p
erso
n is a lawful as
sociation, cor
poration, partn
ership, propri
etorship, trust
or individual
that has the ca
pacity to ente
r into agreeme
nts or contract
s, assume oblig
ations and be
accoun
table for illega
l activities.
69
SECT
ION
07
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
FRAU
D, D
ECEP
TIO
N O
R CO
RRU
PTIO
N
0702
Forg
ery/
coun
terf
eitin
g
Creating, man
ufacturing, sel
ling, passing o
r possessing a
false imitation
of goods, or
an instrumen
t to create a fa
lse imitation o
f goods.
+ In
clus
ions
: Fraudulently
making or alt
ering goods, d
ocuments or c
urrency;
fraudulently m
aking, receivin
g, obtaining o
r possessing in
struments, art
icles, compu
ter programs
and other mea
ns of counterfe
iting; importing
, exporting,
transporting, r
eceiving or ob
taining counte
rfeit goods, cu
rrencies or
documents w
ith the knowle
dge that they a
re counterfeit;
apply all incl
usions listed i
n 07021 - 070
29 -
Excl
usio
ns: Creat
ing a false iden
tity or impers
onating a pers
on (07019);
using a forged
visa (0805); p
ossession, cre
ation or use o
f false weights
for measur
ement (07019
); unlawfully co
pying, using, r
eproducing or
other infring
ements inflicte
d upon copyri
ghts, patents, t
rademarks or o
ther intellec
tual property
(0503); smug
gling of goods
(08044)
0702
1 Coun
terf
eitin
g m
eans
of p
aym
ent
Creating, man
ufacturing, pa
ssing, using or
possessing co
unterfeit
means of pay
ment or an ins
trument to cre
ate a false imit
ation with
or without the
use of compu
ter systems.
+ In
clus
ions
: Counterfeiti
ng coins or no
tes; counterfei
ting stamps or
tickets;
possession of
an article for
the creation o
f counterfeit m
eans of payme
nt; counte
rfeit means of
payment othe
r than cash; ap
ply all inclusi
ons listed in
070211 - 0702
19 -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0702
0702
11
Coun
terf
eitin
g m
eans
of c
ash
paym
ent
Creating, man
ufacturing, pa
ssing, using or
possessing
counterfeit m
eans of cash p
ayment or an
instrument to c
reate a false
imitation with
or without the
use of compu
ter system
s.100 +
Incl
usio
ns: Fraud
ulently makin
g or altering n
otes and coins
; fraudulently
making
, receiving, ob
taining or pos
sessing instru
ments, article
s, computer
programs and
other means of
counterfeiting
or altering no
tes and coins;
importing, exp
orting, transp
orting, receiv
ing or obtainin
g counterfeit
notes and coi
ns with the kn
owledge that t
hey are counte
rfeit -
Excl
usio
ns: Count
erfeiting mean
s of non-cash
payment (070
219; financial
fraud (07011)
; acts involving
the proceeds
of crime (0704
); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 07021)
0702
12
Coun
terf
eitin
g m
eans
of n
on-c
ash
paym
ent
Creating, man
ufacturing, pa
ssing, using or
possessing
counterfeit m
eans of non-ca
sh payment or a
n instrument
to create
a false imitati
on with or with
out the use of
computer
systems.101
+ In
clus
ions
: Fraudulently
making or alt
ering non-cash
forms of paym
ent; fraudu
lently making, r
eceiving, obta
ining or posse
ssing instrume
nts, articles,
computer pro
grams and oth
er means of co
unterfeiting or
altering non-c
ash forms o
f payment; im
porting, expor
ting, transpor
ting, receiving
or obtaining
counterfeit no
n-cash payme
nt with the kn
owledge that i
t is counterfei
t -
Excl
usio
ns: Count
erfeiting mean
s of cash paym
ent (070211);
financial
fraud (07011)
; acts involving
the proceeds
of crime (0704
); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 07021
100 C
ash
paym
ent mean
s legally autho
rized notes an
d coins.
101 N
on-c
ash
paym
ent is a m
ethod of paym
ent that is not
notes or coins
, such as credi
t cards, chequ
es, virtual cur
rencies, and d
ebit cards.
70
SECT
ION
07
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
FRAU
D, D
ECEP
TIO
N O
R CO
RRU
PTIO
N
0702
2 Co
unte
rfei
t pro
duct
offe
nces
Creatin
g, manufactur
ing, selling, pa
ssing or posse
ssing counter
feit tradem
arked, patente
d, licensed, or
otherwise pro
tected produc
ts, or an in
strument to cr
eate a false im
itation of a pr
oduct. - Trade
mark and pate
nt as defined
in footnote 97.
+
Incl
usio
ns: Coun
terfeit produc
t offences (inc
luding bags, s
hoes, medicine
s and pr
escription goo
ds); possessio
n of an article
for the creatio
n of counte
rfeit goods or
instruments; co
unterfeit medi
cines; counter
feiting pharm
aceutical prod
ucts -
Excl
usio
ns: Adult
eration of med
icine (02071);
smuggling go
ods (08044);
intellectual pr
operty offenc
es (0503); app
ly all exclusion
s listed in 070
2 07
023 Ac
ts o
f for
gery
/cou
nter
feiti
ng d
ocum
ents
Creatin
g, manufactur
ing, selling, pa
ssing or posse
ssing a
counterfeit or
forged docum
ent, or an inst
rument to cre
ate a false
imitation of s
uch a docume
nt with or with
out the use of
computer
systems.
+ In
clus
ions
: Forging or c
ounterfeiting
documents; fo
rging or count
erfeiting
passports; for
ging a visa or c
reating a coun
terfeit visa; fo
rging signatur
es; fraudu
lently making, r
eceiving, obta
ining or posse
ssing instrume
nts, articles,
computer pro
grams and oth
er means of co
unterfeiting or
altering docu
ments;
importing, exp
orting, transp
orting, receiv
ing or obtainin
g counterfeit
documents w
ith the knowle
dge that they a
re counterfeit
- Ex
clus
ions
: Using forged
/counterfeit i
dentity docum
ents (0701); u
sing a forged/
counterfeit vi
sa or passpor
t to gain unlaw
ful entry into a
State (0805);
unlawf
ully copying, u
sing, reproduc
ing or other in
fringements of
copyrights,
patents, tradem
arks or other i
ntellectual pr
operty (0503
); apply all exc
lusions
listed in 0702
0702
9 O
ther
act
s of f
orge
ry/c
ount
erfe
iting
Creatin
g, manufactur
ing, passing, u
sing or posses
sing false good
s or an in
strument to cr
eate false goo
ds not describ
ed or classifie
d in categor
ies 07021 - 07
023. +
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0702
0703
Corr
uptio
n
Unlawful acts
as defined in th
e United Natio
ns Convention
against Corru
ption and
other national
and internati
onal legal inst
ruments again
st corruption
. 102 +
Incl
usio
ns: Active
and passive b
ribery of natio
nal public offic
ials; active an
d passive
bribery of for
eign public off
icials and offic
ials of public in
ternational
organizations;
active and pa
ssive bribery
in the private s
ector; apply al
l inclusi
ons listed in 0
7031 - 07039
- Ex
clus
ions
: A course of a
ction demand
ed from a pers
on by another
person
through the u
se of force, thr
eat, intimidati
on, threat to r
eveal compro
mising
information, o
r the threat of
defamation (
0205) 07
031 Br
iber
y Promis
ing, offering, g
iving, solicitin
g, or accepting
an undue
advantage to o
r from a publi
c official or a p
erson who dire
cts or works
in a private se
ctor entity, dir
ectly or indire
ctly, In order
that the per
son act or refr
ain from actin
g in the exerci
se of his or he
r official
duties.
+ In
clus
ions
: Bribery of na
tional public o
fficials, briber
y of foreign pu
blic official
s and officials
of public inte
rnational orga
nizations, brib
ery in the
private sector
; apply all incl
usions listed i
n 070311 - 07
0312 -
Excl
usio
ns: Askin
g or enticing a
nother to com
mit bribery by
the use of
force, threat, i
ntimidation, t
hreat to revea
l compromisin
g information
, or the
threat of defa
mation (0205
); apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0703
102 United Nati
ons Office on D
rugs and Crim
e. United
Nat
ions
Con
vent
ion
Agai
nst C
orru
ptio
n. Vienna, Aus
tria: , 2004. W
eb. <http:/
/www.unodc
.org/documen
ts/treaties/UN
CAC/Publicat
ions/Convent
ion/08-50026
_E.pdf>.
71
SECT
ION
07
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
FRAU
D, D
ECEP
TIO
N O
R CO
RRU
PTIO
N
0703
11
Activ
e br
iber
y Promis
ing, offering o
r giving, to a pu
blic official or
a person
who directs o
r works in a p
rivate sector e
ntity, directly
or indirec
tly, an undue
advantage in o
rder that the o
fficial act or
refrain from a
cting in the ex
ercise of his or
her official
duties.102
+ In
clus
ions
: Active briber
y of a public o
fficial; active b
ribery of a for
eign public
official and of
an official of a
public intern
ational organi
zation; active
bribery in the
private sector
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0703
1 07
0312
Pa
ssiv
e br
iber
y Solicita
tion or accept
ance by a publ
ic official or a
person who
directs or wor
ks in a private
sector entity,
directly or
indirectly, of a
n undue advan
tage in order
that the offici
al act or refra
in from acting
in the exercis
e of his or her
official
duties. 102
+ In
clus
ions
: Passive brib
ery of a public
official; passi
ve bribery of a
foreign
public official
and of an offi
cial of a public
international
organization;
passive
bribery of an o
fficial in the p
rivate sector
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 07031
0703
2 Em
bezz
lem
ent
Embezzlemen
t, misappropria
tion or divers
ion by a publi
c official
or a person w
ho directs or w
orks in a priva
te sector entity
of any
property, pub
lic or private f
unds or secur
ities or any ot
her thing of
value entruste
d to the public
official or per
son by virtue
of his or
her position.10
3
+ In
clus
ions
: Embezzleme
nt in the publi
c sector; embe
zzlement in th
e private
sector; misap
propriation; di
shonest conve
rsion -
Excl
usio
ns: Unlaw
fully taking m
oney or prope
rty that is not
entrusted to
one’s care or t
respassing to
take property
(05); fraud in
volving financ
ial transac
tions for the pu
rpose of perso
nal gain (070
11); apply all
exclusions
listed in 0703
0703
3 Abus
e of
func
tions
Perform
ance of or failu
re to perform a
n act, in violati
on of laws, by
a public offici
al in the disch
arge of his or
her functions
for the
purpose of ob
taining an und
ue advantage
for himself or
herself or
for another pe
rson or entity.
102 +
Incl
usio
ns: Abuse
of function; ne
potism; abuse
of authority; a
buse of public
office;
abuse of officia
l position.
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0703
0703
4 Tr
adin
g in
influ
ence
Promis
ing, offering o
r giving to a pu
blic official, or
solicitation or
accepta
nce by a publi
c official, direc
tly or indirectly
, of an undue
advantage in o
rder that the p
ublic official o
r the person a
buse his
or her real or
supposed inf
luence with a
view to obtai
ning an
undue advant
age. 102
+ In
clus
ions
: Trading in in
fluence
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0703
103 E
mbe
zzle
men
t, at minimum
, is fraudulentl
y taking mone
y or property
entrusted to o
ne’s care with
out permission
to one’s own
use. (United N
ations Office o
n Drugs and C
rime. United N
ations Conven
tion Against C
orruption. Vie
nna, Austria, 2
004. Web: <ht
tp://www.un
odc.org/docum
ents/treaties/
UNCAC/Public
ations/Conven
tion/08-50026
_E.pdf>.).
Misapp
ropr
iati
on, at min
imum, is the u
nlawful use of
money or pro
perty entruste
d to one’s care
without perm
ission to one’s
own use. (Un
ited Nations O
ffice on Drugs
and Crime. Un
ited Nations
Convention Ag
ainst Corrupt
ion. Vienna, Au
stria, 2004. W
eb: http://ww
w.unodc.org/d
ocuments/tre
aties/UNCAC/
Publications/C
onvention/08
-50026_E.pdf.)
.
72
SECT
ION
07
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
FRAU
D, D
ECEP
TIO
N O
R CO
RRU
PTIO
N
0703
5 Illic
it en
richm
ent
Procuring a si
gnificant incr
ease in the ass
ets of a public
or private
official which
cannot be rea
sonably expla
ined in relatio
n to their
lawful income
. 102 +
Incl
usio
ns: Illicit
enrichment
- Ex
clus
ions
: Fraud (0701
); apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0703
0703
9 O
ther
act
s of c
orru
ptio
n
Acts of corrup
tion not descr
ibed or classif
ied in categori
es 07031 -
07035.
- Corruption a
s defined in 0
703. +
Incl
usio
ns: Confl
ict of interest;
dishonest app
ropriation
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0703
0704
Acts
invo
lvin
g th
e pr
ocee
ds o
f crim
e
Receiving, han
dling or proce
ssing money o
r property der
ived from or ob
tained,
directly or indi
rectly, throug
h the commis
sion of an offe
nce. +
Incl
usio
ns: Posse
ssion of stolen
goods or mon
ey; apply all in
clusions listed
in 0704
1 - 07049
- Ex
clus
ions
: The commit
ted offence tha
t obtained the
property or m
oney is
not coded to th
is level.
0704
1 Mon
ey la
unde
ring
Conversion or
transfer of pro
perty, knowing
that such prop
erty is the pro
ceeds of crime
, for the purpo
se of concealin
g or disguising
the illic
it origin of su
ch property or
of helping any
person who is
involve
d in the comm
ission of the pr
edicate offenc
e to evade the
legal conseque
nces of his or
her actions, as
well as the co
ncealment
or disguise of
the true natur
e, source, loca
tion, dispositi
on, movem
ent or ownersh
ip of rights w
ith respect to t
he property.104
+ In
clus
ions
: The convers
ion or transfer
of property; ill
icit concealme
nt or disguis
e of property r
elated inform
ation; the illic
it acquisition,
possession or
use of l
aundered prop
erty; “self-laun
dering”; conc
ealment or con
tinued retenti
on of the proce
eds of crime.
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0704
0704
2 Ill
icit
traf
ficki
ng in
cul
tura
l pro
pert
y Unlawf
ul sale, distrib
ution, delivery
, brokerage, tr
ansport, impo
rt, export
or possession
of cultural pr
operty.105
+ In
clus
ions
: Illicit traffick
ing in cultural
property; cult
ural and artist
ic proper
ty offences not
amounting to
theft or proper
ty damage
- Ex
clus
ions
: The unlawfu
l taking of cult
ural property
(0502); impo
rt/export
offences (0804
2); customs o
ffences (0804
1); apply all ex
clusions listed
in 0704
104 United
Nations Office
on Drugs and
Crime. United
Nations Conv
ention Agains
t Transnationa
l Organized Cr
ime and the P
rotocols Ther
eto, Art.6. Ne
w York, NY., 2
004. Web:<h
ttps://www.u
nodc.org/doc
uments/treati
es/UNTOC/Pu
blications/TOC
Convention/T
OCebook-e.pdf
>.). 10
5 Cul
tura
l pro
pert
y, at minimum
, is property w
hich, on relig
ious or secula
r grounds, is s
pecifically de
signated by a
State Party as
being subject
to export con
trol by reason
of its import
ance for
archaeology,
prehistory, his
tory, literatur
e, art or scien
ce. (UNESCO. A
rticle 1 of the
1970 UNESC
O Convention
on the Means
of Prohibiting
and Preventin
g the Illicit Im
port, Export a
nd Transfer o
f Owner
ship of Cultur
al Property . W
eb: <http://w
ww.unesco.or
g/new/en/cu
lture/themes
/illicit-traffic-
of-cultural-pro
perty/1970-c
onvention>.).
73
SECT
ION
07
ACT
S IN
VOLV
ING
FRAU
D, D
ECEP
TIO
N O
R CO
RRU
PTIO
N
0704
9 Oth
er a
cts i
nvol
ving
the
proc
eeds
of c
rime
Receiving, ha
ndling or proc
essing money
or property d
erived from
or obtained, d
irectly or indi
rectly, throug
h the commis
sion of an
offence not de
scribed or clas
sified in categ
ories 07041 -
07042.
+ In
clus
ions
: Possession o
f stolen goods
or money; rec
eiving, handli
ng, disposi
ng of, selling o
r trafficking st
olen goods, us
ing stolen par
ts for produc
ing other good
s (car re-birth
ing), concealm
ent of stolen g
oods -
Excl
usio
ns: The u
nlawful taking
of property (0
502); apply al
l exclusions
listed in 0704
0709
Oth
er a
cts i
nvol
ving
frau
d, d
ecep
tion
or c
orru
ptio
n
Other acts invo
lving fraud, de
ception or corr
uption not de
scribed or clas
sified in
categories 070
1 - 0704.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Adoption fra
ud (020291);
deception to p
rocure sex (03
0112);
social welfare a
nd tax fraud (
08041); fraud
ulent insolvenc
y (08042); cus
toms fraud (
08044); immig
ration fraud (
0805); elector
al fraud (0807
9); apply all
exclusions list
ed in 0701-07
04.
74
SECT
ION
08
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC O
RDER
, AU
THO
RITY
AN
D PR
OVI
SIO
NS
OF
THE
STAT
E
0801
Acts
aga
inst
pub
lic o
rder
beh
avio
ural
stan
dard
s
Acts contrary
to public orde
r behavioural s
tandards.106
+ In
clus
ions
: Begging; litte
r offences; or
ganizing an un
lawful assemb
ly; hooliga
nism; apply al
l inclusions lis
ted in 08011 -
08019 -
Excl
usio
ns: Publi
c order sexual
standards (08
02) 08
011 Vi
olen
t pub
lic d
isor
der o
ffenc
es
Unlawful viole
nce that is org
anised or spo
ntaneous and
causes
severe disrup
tion, fear or in
jury to memb
ers of the pub
lic.
+ In
clus
ions
: Riot; violent
disorder; affr
ay; public figh
t; hooliganism
; violent
behaviour at s
porting events
-
Excl
usio
ns: An ac
t that is not ag
ainst public o
rder behaviou
ral standards
but uses force
to cause inju
ry or harm or
the threat to c
ause injury or
harm (0201)
; apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0801
0801
2 Acts
rela
ted
to so
cial
and
relig
ious
pub
lic o
rder
no
rms a
nd st
anda
rds
Acts contrary
to social and re
ligious public
order norms
and standa
rds.107
+ In
clus
ions
: Public drunk
enness; disord
erly conduct;
causing public
nuisan
ce; offensive la
nguage or beh
aviour; vagran
cy; begging; li
tter offences;
public mischi
ef; disturbing
religious asse
mblies; loiter
ing; noise com
plaints
- Ex
clus
ions
: Operating a v
ehicle under th
e influence of a
lcohol or
psychoactive s
ubstances (02
072); express
ion of controll
ed social belie
fs and norms
(08032); pollu
ting the natura
l environment
through noise
or vibrati
ons (1001); se
rving alcohol
to minors (110
21); apply all
exclusions
listed in 0801
0801
9 Oth
er a
cts a
gain
st p
ublic
ord
er b
ehav
iour
al
stan
dard
s Acts co
ntrary to publ
ic order behav
ioural standar
ds not describ
ed or clas
sified in categ
ories 08011 -
08012.
- Public order
behavioural s
tandards as d
efined in footn
ote 106.
+ In
clus
ions
: Organizing an
unlawful asse
mbly, joining
an unlawful as
sembly,
hiring a person
to join an unl
awful assembl
y, owning or o
ccupying the
property whe
re the unlawfu
l assembly is h
eld -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0801
0802
Acts
aga
inst
pub
lic o
rder
sexu
al st
anda
rds
Acts contrary
to accepted pu
blic order sexu
al standards.10
8 +
Incl
usio
ns: Porno
graphy and pr
ostitution offe
nces; unlawfu
l forms of
sexual interco
urse; apply al
l inclusions lis
ted in 08021 -
08029 -
Excl
usio
ns: All in
jurious acts of
a sexual natu
re (03); femal
e genital
mutilation (02
0111); TIP for
sexual exploi
tation (02041)
106 P
ublic
ord
er b
ehav
iour
al s
tand
ards
, at minimum,
include behav
ioural standar
ds to uphold p
ublic decency
and civility.
107 S
ocia
l and
rel
igio
us p
ublic
ord
er n
orm
s an
d st
anda
rds, at m
inimum, includ
e standards to
prevent perso
nal conduct th
at is offensive
or causes dis
ruption, fear o
r injury to mem
bers of the
public.
108 P
ublic
ord
er s
exua
l sta
ndar
ds, at min
imum, include
sexual standa
rds to prevent
sexual behavi
our that is like
ly to be offens
ive to members
of the public
or that otherw
ise involves a p
rohibited
form of interc
ourse.
75
SECT
ION
08
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC O
RDER
, AU
THO
RITY
AN
D PR
OVI
SIO
NS
OF
THE
STAT
E
0802
1 Pros
titut
ion
offe
nces
Acts co
ntrary to acce
pted public ord
er sexual stan
dards on
prostitution.
- Public order
sexual standa
rds as defined
in footnote 108
. - Prost
itution as defi
ned in footno
te 82. +
Incl
usio
ns: Offeri
ng sexual serv
ices for financ
ial or other be
nefit; procurin
g sexual
services; sex t
ourism not am
ounting to ch
ild sex tourism
-
Excl
usio
ns: Explo
iting a person
into prostitut
ion or exploita
tion of prostit
utes (0302); c
hild prostitut
ion (030222);
apply all excl
usions listed i
n 0802
0802
2 Porn
ogra
phy
offe
nces
Acts co
ntrary to acce
pted public ord
er sexual stan
dards on
pornography.1
09 - Public
order sexual
standards as d
efined in footn
ote 108.
+ In
clus
ions
: Procuring, ar
ranging, facili
tating or contr
olling a person
for illicit p
ornography; p
roduction, cre
ation, distribu
tion, dissemin
ation, broadc
ast, transmiss
ion, sale or po
ssession of illi
cit pornograph
y; obscene
material
- Ex
clus
ions
: Child porno
graphy (0302
21); recruitin
g or enticing a
person
into prostitut
ion, or exploit
ation of prosti
tutes (0302); a
pply all exclus
ions listed i
n 0802
0802
9 Oth
er a
cts a
gain
st p
ublic
ord
er se
xual
stan
dard
s Acts co
ntrary to acce
pted public ord
er sexual stand
ards not
described or c
lassified in cat
egories 08021
- 08022.
- Public order
sexual standa
rds as defined
in footnote 108
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Publi
c indecency; p
erforming a se
xual act in pub
lic; exhibit
ionism; unlaw
ful forms of sex
ual intercours
e; incest or fam
ilial sexual
offences not am
ounting to rap
e or sexual as
sault; unlawfu
l consensual s
exual acts be
tween person
s of the same s
ex; bestiality;
necrophilia; b
igamy;
polygamy; ad
ultery; sodom
y not amount
ing to injuriou
s acts of a sexu
al nature
; sexually inde
cent writing, p
ictures or obje
cts -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0802
0803
Acts
rela
ted
to fr
eedo
m o
f exp
ress
ion
or c
ontr
ol o
f ex
pres
sion
Acts ai
med at restric
ting the freedo
m of expressio
n or violating r
estrictions on
expres
sion.110
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 08031 - 080
39 -
0803
1 Acts
aga
inst
free
dom
of e
xpre
ssio
n
Acts aimed at
restricting fre
edom of expre
ssion. - Freed
om of express
ion as defined
in footnote 110
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Unlaw
ful censorship
; unlawful rest
rictions on fre
edom of
speech; unlaw
ful restriction
s on freedom o
f art -
Excl
usio
ns: Restr
icting one’s sp
eech through f
orce, threat, in
timidation,
threat to reve
al compromisin
g information
, or the threat
of defamation
(0205)
109 P
orno
grap
hy, at min
imum, is a vis
ual representa
tion or depict
ion of an adult
engaged in a s
exually explici
t conduct or re
alistic images
of a non-exist
ent adult invol
ved in sexuall
y explicit con
duct. 11
0 Fre
edom
of e
xpre
ssio
n, at minimum
, includes free
dom to hold o
pinions withou
t interference
and to seek, r
eceive and im
part informat
ion and ideas t
hrough any m
edia and regar
dless of fronti
ers. (United
Nations. Univ
ersal Declarat
ion of Human R
ights. Web: <ht
tp://www.un
.org/en/docum
ents/udhr/>.)
.
76
SECT
ION
08
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC O
RDER
, AU
THO
RITY
AN
D PR
OVI
SIO
NS
OF
THE
STAT
E
0803
2 Acts
rela
ted
to e
xpre
ssio
ns o
f con
trol
led
soci
al
belie
fs a
nd n
orm
s Publica
tion, expressio
n, production,
possession, di
stribution or
display of proh
ibited or contr
olled views or
material.
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 080321 - 08
0329 -
Excl
usio
ns: Produ
ction, possessi
on, distributio
n or display of
child pornog
raphy (030221
); pornograph
y offences (08
022) 08
0321
Vi
olat
ions
of n
orm
s on
relig
ious
bel
iefs
/vie
ws
Publication, ex
pression, prod
uction, posses
sion, distribut
ion or disp
lay of prohibit
ed or controll
ed views or ma
terial violatin
g norms on re
ligious beliefs
/views.
+ In
clus
ions
: Blasphemy,
apostasy, pro
selytism
- Ex
clus
ions
: Discriminati
on (0210); de
famation or ins
ult due to the
victim’s
ascribed belie
fs or values (0
2092); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0803
2 08
0322
Vi
olat
ions
of n
orm
s on
into
lera
nce
and
inci
tem
ent t
o ha
tred
Unlawf
ul expressions
of intolerance
and inciteme
nt to hatred.
+ In
clus
ions
: Promotion o
f ethnic, racial
or religious h
atred; incitem
ent to racial h
atred; hate spe
ech; glorificati
on of violence
; hate mail
- Ex
clus
ions
: Unlawful exp
ressions of int
olerance and i
ncitement to h
atred by a pe
rson which ha
rm another pe
rson’s reputa
tion, respect, c
onfidence in
which a perso
n is held, or in
duce hostile o
r disagreeable
opinions or fe
elings (0209)
; discriminatio
n (0210); app
ly all exclusion
s listed in 080
32 08
0329
O
ther
act
s rel
ated
to e
xpre
ssio
ns o
f con
trol
led
soci
al b
elie
fs a
nd n
orm
s Acts co
ntrary to cont
rols of expres
sion not descr
ibed or
classified in ca
tegories 0803
21 - 080322.
- Freedom of e
xpression as d
efined in footn
ote 110.
+ In
clus
ions
: Propagation,
promotion or
dissemination
of controlled
political
views or mater
ial -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0803
2 08
039 O
ther
act
s rel
ated
to fr
eedo
m o
f exp
ress
ion
or
cont
rol o
f exp
ress
ion
Acts related to
freedom of ex
pression or co
ntrol of expre
ssion not
described or c
lassified in cat
egories 08031
- 08032.
- Freedom of e
xpression as d
efined in footn
ote 110.
+
-
0804
Acts
con
trar
y to
pub
lic re
venu
e or
regu
lato
ry p
rovi
sion
s Acts ag
ainst public re
venue provisi
ons and acts in
volving behav
iour that is
regulated or p
rohibited on m
oral or ethica
l grounds.
+ In
clus
ions
: Tax evasion
; corporate off
ences; illegal g
ambling; appl
y all inclusi
ons listed in 0
8041 - 08049
- Ex
clus
ions
: Bodily harm
or potential f
or bodily harm
from a person
’s neglige
nt, reckless or
careless beha
viour (0206);
bodily harm o
r potential for
bodily
harm caused b
y a person’s d
angerous beh
aviour (0207)
; acts involving
fraud, d
eception or co
rruption (07);
illicit trafficki
ng in cultural p
roperty
(07042)
77
SECT
ION
08
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC O
RDER
, AU
THO
RITY
AN
D PR
OVI
SIO
NS
OF
THE
STAT
E
0804
1 Ac
ts a
gain
st p
ublic
reve
nue
prov
isio
ns
Acts against cu
stoms, taxatio
n and other pu
blic revenue p
rovisions. +
Incl
usio
ns: Tariff
, taxation, dut
y and revenue
offences
- Ex
clus
ions
: Social welfa
re and tax frau
d and other ac
ts involving fr
aud, decept
ion or corrupt
ion (07); smug
gling of migra
nts (0805); ap
ply all exclusi
ons listed in 0
804 08
042
Acts
aga
inst
com
mer
cial
or f
inan
cial
regu
latio
ns
Acts against co
mmercial, ind
ustrial or finan
cial regulation
s. +
Incl
usio
ns: Corpo
rate or compa
ny offences in
cluding compe
tition and
insolvency off
ences; fraudu
lent insolvenc
y; trade, trade
descriptions o
r import
/export offenc
es; acts agains
t trade regula
tions, restricti
ons or embarg
oes; investmen
t or stock/sha
res offences (n
ot amounting
to fraud);
usury -
Excl
usio
ns: Intell
ectual proper
ty offences (05
03); acts invo
lving fraud,
deception or c
orruption (07
); acts against
health and saf
ety (0902); ac
ts against
the natural en
vironment (10
); apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0804
0804
3 Ac
ts a
gain
st re
gula
tions
on
bett
ing
Acts ag
ainst regulatio
ns, restriction
s or prohibiti
ons on betting
and gambli
ng. +
Incl
usio
ns: Bettin
g and gamblin
g offences
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0804
0804
4 Sm
uggl
ing
of g
oods
Acts co
nsisting of cus
toms fraud an
d the moveme
nt of goods acr
oss a custo
ms frontier in
any clandestin
e manner.111
+ In
clus
ions
: Smuggling o
f goods, illegal
traffic in cont
raband
- Ex
clus
ions
: Import/expo
rt offences (08
042); counter
feiting goods a
nd produc
ts (07022); ap
ply all exclusi
ons listed in 0
804
111 S
mug
glin
g of
goo
ds means
acts consistin
g of customs fr
aud and the m
ovement of go
ods across a cu
stoms frontier
in any clande
stine manner.
(World Custom
s Organization
. International
Conven
tion on Mutua
l Administrativ
e Assistance f
or the Preventi
on, Investigat
ion and Repres
sion of Custom
s Offences (Na
irobi Convent
ion 1977), Arti
cle 1(d). Web:
<http:/
/www.wcoom
d.org/en/abou
t-us/legal-ins
truments/~/m
edia/574B25
F13D9C4D4B
A44AB4CD50
A967C5.ashx>
.).
78
SECT
ION
08
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC O
RDER
, AU
THO
RITY
AN
D PR
OVI
SIO
NS
OF
THE
STAT
E
0804
5 M
arke
t man
ipul
atio
n or
insi
der t
radi
ng
Unlawful mark
et manipulatio
n or insider tra
ding. 112
-Market manip
ulation as defi
ned in footno
te 112.
-Insider tradin
g as defined in
footnote 112.
+ In
clus
ions
: Trading fina
ncial product
s based on ins
ide informatio
n (insider
dealing), impr
oper disclosur
e of market-re
levant inform
ation, misuse o
f market
-relevant infor
mation, manip
ulating marke
t transactions,
price fixing
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0804
0804
9 O
ther
act
s aga
inst
pub
lic a
dmin
istr
atio
n
or re
gula
tory
pro
visi
ons
Acts against p
ublic revenue
provisions and
acts involving
behavi
our that is reg
ulated or proh
ibited on mora
l or ethical
grounds that a
re not describe
d or classified
in categories
08041 -
08045.
+ In
clus
ions
: Misuse of cul
tural heritage
; damage or d
estruction of c
ultural
monuments; o
ther acts again
st public adm
inistration
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0804
0805
Acts
rela
ted
to m
igra
tion
Unlawful acts
related to mig
ration.113
+ In
clus
ions
: Smuggling o
f migrants; un
lawful entry i
nto a State; un
lawfully
employing or h
ousing a forei
gn citizen; imm
igration fraud
; apply all incl
usions listed i
n 08051 - 080
59 -
Excl
usio
ns: TIP (0
204); illegal a
doption (0202
91); creating,
manufacturin
g, selling,
passing or po
ssessing a forg
ed or counter
feit visa, pass
port, or other
docum
ents required
to enter a Stat
e (07023)
0805
1 Sm
uggl
ing
of m
igra
nts o
ffen
ces
Procurement
in order to ob
tain, directly o
r indirectly, a f
inancial or
other material
benefit from t
he illegal entry
of a person in
to a State
Party of which
the person is
not a national
or a permanen
t residen
t.114 115
+ In
clus
ions
: Smuggling o
f migrants offe
nces; harbour
ing smuggled
migrants
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0805
112 M
arke
t man
ipul
atio
n is defined a
s entering into
a transaction,
placing an or
der to trade or
any other beh
aviour which
gives a false o
r misleading s
ignal as to the
supply of, dem
and for, or pri
ce of, a finan
cial instrumen
t or a related
spot commodi
ty contract; or
secures the p
rice of one or
several financ
ial instrumen
ts or a related
spot commodi
ty contract at
an abnormal o
r artificial leve
l.
Insi
der
trad
ing
is defined as p
ossessing insi
de informatio
n and using th
at information
by acquiring
or disposing o
f, for its own a
ccount or for
the account of
a third party,
directly or ind
irectly,
financial instr
uments to whi
ch that inform
ation relates.
(European Un
ion. Direc
tive
Euro
pean
Par
liam
ent a
nd o
f the
Cou
ncil
on C
rim
inal
San
ctio
ns fo
r Mar
ket A
buse
(Mar
ket A
buse
Dir
ectiv
e). Strasbo
urg, 16 April,
2014. Web: <ht
tp://register.c
onsilium.euro
pa.eu/doc/sr
v?l=EN&f=PE%
208%202014%
20REV%201>
.). 11
3 Mig
rati
on is the m
ovement of a
person or a gr
oup of person
s, either acros
s an internatio
nal border or
within a State
(International
Organization
for Migration.
Key migratio
n terms. Web
: <http:/
/www.iom.in
t/cms/en/site
s/iom/home/
about-migrat
ion/key-migr
ation-terms-1
.html>.).
114 United
Nations Office
on Drugs and
Crime. Pr
otoc
ol A
gain
st th
e Sm
uggl
ing
of M
igra
nts b
y La
nd, S
ea a
nd A
ir, S
uppl
emen
ting
the
Unite
d N
atio
ns C
onve
ntio
n Ag
ains
t Tra
nsna
tiona
l Org
aniz
ed C
rim
e. 20
00. Web:
<http://www
.uncjin.org/D
ocuments/Co
nventions/dca
toc/final_docu
ments_2/conv
ention_smug_e
ng.pdf>.
115 Il
lega
l ent
ry is cros
sing borders w
ithout comply
ing with the n
ecessary requi
rements for le
gal entry into
the receiving
State. (United
Nations Office
on Drugs and
Crime. Protoc
ol Against the
Smugg
ling of Migran
ts by Land, Se
a and Air, Supp
lementing the
United Nation
s Convention
Against Trans
national Organ
ized Crime. 20
00. Web:
<http://www
.uncjin.org/D
ocuments/Co
nventions/dca
toc/final_docu
ments_2/conv
ention_smug_e
ng.pdf>.).
79
SECT
ION
08
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC O
RDER
, AU
THO
RITY
AN
D PR
OVI
SIO
NS
OF
THE
STAT
E
0805
9 O
ther
unl
awfu
l act
s rel
ated
to m
igra
tion
Unlawf
ul acts related
to migration
not described
or classified i
n 08051.
- Migra
tion as define
d in footnote 1
13. +
Incl
usio
ns: Unlaw
ful entry/illeg
al border cros
sing; using a f
orged docum
ent to enter a S
tate; unlawfull
y employing o
r housing a fo
reign citizen;
organizing or f
acilitating the
unlawful stay
of a foreign c
itizen -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0805
0806
Acts
aga
inst
the
just
ice
syst
em
Acts contrary
to the operatio
n of the law en
forcement or j
ustice system.
116 +
Incl
usio
ns: Resis
ting arrest; bre
ach of bail cond
itions; perver
ting the
course of just
ice; perjury; es
cape from cus
tody; breach o
f court order;
failure
to comply wit
h jury summon
s; contempt of
court/insultin
g the court; pri
son regulat
ion offence; fei
gning commis
sion of a crim
e/fabricating
evidence;
apply all inclu
sions listed in
08061 - 0806
9 -
Excl
usio
ns: Acts l
eading to dea
th (01); acts a
mounting to a
ssault or threa
ts (0201)
0806
1 O
bstr
uctio
n of
just
ice
Acts in
tended to obs
truct, subvert
, mislead or im
pede justice
procedures.11
7 +
Incl
usio
ns: Perve
rting the cours
e of justice; fa
ilure to appea
r before court
or com
ply with jury s
ummons; givin
g false testimo
ny/perjury; de
stroying,
damaging, fab
ricating or tam
pering with ev
idence; preve
nting, threaten
ing or deceivi
ng a witness, t
hreatening or i
ntimidating a
justice or law
enforcement
official; feigni
ng commission
of a crime; fa
ilure to report
a crime; givin
g false inform
ation; aiding a
nd abetting; a
ttempting to i
nfluence a fair
trial -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0806
0806
2 Br
each
of j
ustic
e or
der
Acts intended
to obstruct, s
ubvert or imp
ede the effecti
ve execut
ion of justice o
rders.118
- Justice syste
m as defined in
footnote 116.
+
Incl
usio
ns: Resis
ting arrest; bre
ach of bail cond
itions; escape
from custody
; escape
from house ar
rest; breach of
court order; b
reach of parol
e; breach of
probation; br
each of domes
tic violence or
other restrain
ing order; viol
ation of
court-impose
d sanctions; u
nlawful return
from banishm
ent or exile; co
ntempt
of court; post-
incarceration
supervision o
ffences
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0806
116 Ju
stic
e sy
stem
is the system
of law enforce
ment that is di
rectly involve
d in apprehen
ding, prosecu
ting, defending
, sentencing an
d punishing th
ose who are s
uspected or c
onvicted of cri
minal offence
s. 11
7 Just
ice
proc
edur
es, at min
imum, are pro
cedures to fac
ilitate the just
ice system.
118 Ju
stic
e or
ders
, at minimum,
are orders stip
ulated by the
justice system
.
80
SECT
ION
08
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC O
RDER
, AU
THO
RITY
AN
D PR
OVI
SIO
NS
OF
THE
STAT
E
0806
3 Cr
imin
al in
tent
Behavi
ng in a manne
r that indicate
s an intention
by a person to
commi
t a criminal off
ence through a
ssociating wit
h criminal
offenders or p
ossessing tool
s or other mate
rial. +
Incl
usio
ns: Crimi
nal intent; unla
wfully posses
sing instrume
nts used for
crime; unlawf
ully possessin
g articles of di
sguise -
Excl
usio
ns: Partic
ipating in the
activities of an
organized cri
minal group
(0905); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0806
0806
4 Co
nspi
racy
Conspi
re, consort or
plan with oth
er persons to
commit a crim
inal offence
.
+ In
clus
ions
: Conspiracy/p
lanning to com
mit a crimina
l offence; prep
aration
- Ex
clus
ions
: Conspiracy to
murder (0101
); conspiracy
to procure an
illegal abortio
n (0105); con
spiracy agains
t the State (09
04); conspirac
y to commit a
particu
lar crime is als
o recorded wi
th the conspira
cy tag; apply a
ll exclusions
listed in 0806
0806
9 O
ther
act
s aga
inst
the
just
ice
syst
em
Acts contrary
to the operatio
n of the law en
forcement or j
ustice system
not described
or classified i
n categories 0
8061 - 08064.
+ In
clus
ions
: Insulting the
court; insultin
g a law enforc
ement officer;
prison
regulation offe
nce; criminal
solicitation
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0806
0807
Acts
rela
ted
to d
emoc
ratic
ele
ctio
ns
Acts related to
democratic el
ections.119
+ In
clus
ions
: Vote buying;
electoral fraud
; campaign fin
ance laws; app
ly all inclusi
ons listed in 0
8071 - 08079
-
0807
1 Ac
ts in
tend
ed to
und
uly
influ
ence
vot
ers a
t el
ectio
ns
Acts intended
to unduly infl
uence voters d
uring an elect
ion throug
h monetary or
other benefits
or through thr
eats. +
Incl
usio
ns: Vote b
uying; vote co
ercion
- Ex
clus
ions
: Demanding a
particular cou
rse of action n
ot related to
democratic el
ections by inti
midation, threa
t of physical ha
rm or violence
(0205)
; behaviour, a
contact or sta
tement comm
unicated by a p
erson with the
intention to c
ause harm to a
nother person
(08071); obt
aining money
or other
benefit or eva
ding a liability
through decei
t or dishonest
conduct not r
elated to dem
ocratic electio
ns (0701)
119 D
emoc
ratic
ele
ctio
n is a formal de
cision-making
process in wh
ich a populatio
n chooses an
individual to h
old a public o
ffice.
81
SECT
ION
08
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC O
RDER
, AU
THO
RITY
AN
D PR
OVI
SIO
NS
OF
THE
STAT
E
0807
9 O
ther
act
s rel
ated
to d
emoc
ratic
ele
ctio
ns
Acts related to
democratic el
ections not de
scribed or clas
sified in
08071.
- Democratic e
lections as de
fined in footno
te 119.
+ In
clus
ions
: Electoral frau
d; violating ca
mpaign financ
e laws; unlaw
ful manipu
lation of the de
mocratic proc
ess during ele
ctions -
Excl
usio
ns: Obtai
ning money o
r other benefi
t or evading a
liability throug
h deceit
or dishonest c
onduct not rel
ated to democ
ratic elections
(0701)
0808
Acts
con
trar
y to
labo
ur la
w
Criminal acts
contrary to lab
our law.120
+ In
clus
ions
: Employmen
t/labour law o
ffences; offenc
es under indu
strial law; m
inimum wage o
ffences; child
labour; wrong
ful transfer fro
m work and
wrongful dism
issal; apply al
l inclusions lis
ted in 08081 -
08082 -
Excl
usio
ns: Unlaw
fully employing
a foreign citiz
en (0805); neg
ligence
(0206); profes
sional malpract
ice (02062); a
cts endangerin
g health and s
afety (0902)
; wage or emp
loyment discri
mination (020
10); forced la
bour (02032);
TIP for
forced labour
(02042)
0808
1 Co
llect
ive
labo
ur la
w v
iola
tions
Crimin
al acts contrar
y to collective
labour law.121
+
Incl
usio
ns: Acts a
gainst collecti
ve bargaining;
union offence
s -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0808
0808
2 In
divi
dual
labo
ur la
w v
iola
tions
Crimin
al acts contrar
y to individual
labour law.122
+
Incl
usio
ns: Wage
and contract
offences; wron
gful transfer fr
om work and
wrongful dism
issal -
Excl
usio
ns: Haras
sment in the w
orkplace (0207
1); sexual har
assment
(030122); app
ly all exclusion
s listed in 080
8 08
09 O
ther
act
s aga
inst
pub
lic o
rder
, the
aut
horit
y an
d pr
ovis
ions
of t
he S
tate
Acts ag
ainst public o
rder, authority
and provision
s of the State n
ot described o
r classifi
ed in categorie
s 0801 - 0808
.
+ In
clus
ions
: Criminal pro
visions relatin
g to family law
, including unl
awfully
giving, receiv
ing or solicitin
g a dowry (exc
luding violent
family offenc
es and child n
eglect or aband
onment offenc
es); insult of th
e sovereign, th
e State,
nation or state
symbols; not
declaring a bi
rth to the auth
orities; not de
claring
a child one ha
s found to the
authorities; su
bstitution of a
child for anot
her child
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0801 - 0808
120 L
abou
r la
w is a se
t of regulation
s enacted to p
rotect workers
and safe work
ing environme
nts or aspects
of employer a
nd employee r
elationships.
121 C
olle
ctiv
e la
bour
law
consists of ru
les on collectiv
e bargaining a
nd on collectiv
e organization
s and their re
lations with e
ach other and
towards the em
ployer and em
ployee (Europ
ean Union.
European Fou
ndation for the
Improvemen
t of Living and
Working Con
ditions. Web:
<http://www
.eurofound.eu
ropa.eu/emire
/SWEDEN/AN
CHOR-KOLLE
KTIVARBETSR
-Auml-TT-SE.
htm>.).
122 In
divi
dual
labo
ur la
w consis
ts of the entire
body of regula
tions relating t
o the individua
l employment
relationship b
etween the em
ployer and the
employee (Eu
ropean Union
. European
Foundation for
the Improvem
ent of Living a
nd Working Co
nditions. Indiv
idual labour la
w. Web: <http
://www.euro
found.europa.e
u/emire/BELG
IUM/INDIVIDU
ALLABOURLA
W-BE.htm>.).
82
SECT
ION
09
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC S
AFET
Y AN
D ST
ATE
SECU
RITY
0901
Acts
invo
lvin
g w
eapo
ns, e
xplo
sive
s and
oth
er
dest
ruct
ive
mat
eria
ls
Possession, us
e, manufacture
, import/expo
rt, acquisition,
sale, delivery
, movement
or transfer of
firearms, their
parts and com
ponents and a
mmunition, ot
her weapo
ns or explosiv
es.123 +
Incl
usio
ns: Arms
trafficking; un
lawful use or
possession of
a weapon; app
ly all incl
usions listed i
n 09011 - 090
19 -
Excl
usio
ns: The u
se of weapons
, explosives or
other destruct
ive materials
to commit an
offence is code
d to the particu
lar offence; us
e of weapons t
o commi
t an offence ca
n be identified
with the weap
ons event disa
ggregation
0901
1 Poss
essi
on o
r use
of w
eapo
ns a
nd e
xplo
sives
Unlawf
ul possession
or use of regu
lated or prohi
bited firearms
, their p
arts and comp
onents, ammu
nition, other w
eapons or
explosives.
+ In
clus
ions
: Possessing p
rohibited or u
nregistered fir
earms, their p
arts and
components o
r ammunition
, other weapo
ns such as gas
or explosives
or chemic
al, biological o
r radioactive m
aterials; unlaw
fully obtaining
or using
weapons or e
xplosives with
out a permit;
illegal discharg
e of weapons;
apply all incl
usions listed i
n 090111 - 09
0119 -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0901
0901
11
Unl
awfu
l pos
sess
ion
or u
se o
f fire
arm
s Unlawf
ul possession
or use of regu
lated or prohi
bited firearm
s, their parts a
nd component
s or ammuniti
on. +
Incl
usio
ns: Carry
ing or possessi
ng a handgun
without a licen
ce; illegal
discharge of w
eapons
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 09011
0901
12
Unl
awfu
l pos
sess
ion
or u
se o
f oth
er w
eapo
ns
or e
xplo
sive
s Unlawf
ul possession
or use of regu
lated or prohi
bited weapo
ns or explosiv
es. +
Incl
usio
ns: Posse
ssing prohibit
ed or unregist
ered weapons
not amountin
g to a fire
arm; obtaining
or using explo
sives without a
permit
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 09011
0901
13
Unl
awfu
l pos
sess
ion
or u
se o
f che
mic
al,
biol
ogic
al o
r rad
ioac
tive
mat
eria
ls Unlawf
ul possession
or use of proh
ibited or regul
ated chemic
al, biological,
radioactive or
nuclear mater
ials. 124
+ In
clus
ions
: Obtaining or
possessing pr
ohibited or un
registered ma
terials -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0901
1
12
3 United Nation
s Office on Dru
gs and Crime.
Prot
ocol
aga
inst
the
Illic
it M
anuf
actu
ring
of a
nd T
raffi
ckin
g in
Fir
earm
s, Their Parts a
nd Component
s and Ammuni
tion, suppleme
nting the Unite
d Nations
Convention ag
ainst Transna
tional Organize
d Crime. New
York, NY., 200
1. Web: <http
://www.unod
c.org/docume
nts/treaties/S
pecial/2001 P
rotocol agains
t the Illicit Ma
nufacturing of
and Traffic
king in Firear
ms.pdf>.
124 Unlawf
ul possession
includes relate
d acts crimina
lized in the un
iversal legal in
struments aga
inst terrorism
.
83
SECT
ION
09
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC S
AFET
Y AN
D ST
ATE
SECU
RITY
0901
19
Oth
er a
cts r
elat
ed to
pos
sess
ion
or u
se o
f w
eapo
ns a
nd e
xplo
sive
s Acts re
lated to posses
sion or use of
weapons and
explosives
not described
or classified i
n categories 0
90111 - 09011
3. +
Incl
usio
ns: Falsif
ying, obliterati
ng, removing o
r altering mar
kings on a
firearm; firewo
rk offences; un
lawful storage
of firearms or
explosives;
possession of
items to enda
nger life
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 09011
0901
2 Traf
ficki
ng o
f wea
pons
and
exp
losiv
es
Trafficking of
weapons and
/or explosives
.125 +
Incl
usio
ns: Manu
facturing and
trafficking of
firearms, parts
, components
and ammuniti
on, regulated
or prohibited w
eapons or exp
losives, chemi
cal, biologi
cal or radioact
ive materials;
selling withou
t a dealer’s lice
nce or to an
unlicensed per
son; unlicense
d importing/e
xporting; appl
y all inclusion
s listed
in 090121 - 09
0129 -
Excl
usio
ns: Impo
rt/export offen
ces (08042); c
ustoms offenc
es (08041);
apply all exclu
sions listed in
0901 09
0121
Tr
affic
king
of f
irear
ms
Trafficking of
firearms, their
parts and com
ponents, and
ammunition.
- Trafficking a
s defined in fo
otnote 125.
+ In
clus
ions
: Manufacturi
ng and traffic
king of firearm
s, parts, compo
nents and am
munition; tra
fficking in firea
rms -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0901
2 09
0122
Tr
affic
king
of o
ther
wea
pons
or e
xplo
sives
Traffic
king of regula
ted or prohibit
ed weapons o
r explosives.
- Trafficking a
s defined in fo
otnote 125.
+ In
clus
ions
: Manufacture
, production o
r trafficking of
prohibited we
apons or expl
osives -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0901
2 09
0123
Tr
affic
king
of c
hem
ical
, bio
logi
cal o
r ra
dioa
ctiv
e m
ater
ials
Trafficking of
regulated or p
rohibited chem
ical, biological,
radioac
tive or nuclea
r materials.
- Trafficking a
s defined in fo
otnote 125.
+ In
clus
ions
: Manufacture
, production o
r trafficking of
chemical, bio
logical or
radioactive ma
terials
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 09012
0901
29
Oth
er a
cts r
elat
ed to
traf
ficki
ng o
f wea
pons
an
d ex
plos
ives
Traffic
king of weapo
ns and explos
ives not descr
ibed or
classified in ca
tegories 0901
21 - 090123.
- Trafficking a
s defined in fo
otnote 125.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 09012
125 T
raffi
ckin
g, at minimum
, is the unlawf
ul manufactur
e, import or ex
port, acquisitio
n, sale, delive
ry, production
, movement o
r transfer of t
he concerning
property.
84
SECT
ION
09
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC S
AFET
Y AN
D ST
ATE
SECU
RITY
0901
9 Oth
er a
cts r
elat
ing
to w
eapo
ns a
nd e
xplo
sive
s Acts re
lating to weap
ons and explos
ives not descr
ibed or classif
ied in cate
gories 09011
- 09012.
+ In
clus
ions
: Illegal collec
tive teaching o
f weapons use
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0901
0902
Acts
aga
inst
hea
lth a
nd sa
fety
Acts with pot
ential to cause
harm to huma
n health and s
afety.126
- Health as de
fined in footno
te 73. +
Incl
usio
ns: Healt
h and safety a
t work offenc
es; public tran
sport safety
offences; publ
ic health offen
ces; manufactu
ring products
that present a
risk to
health and saf
ety; communi
cating infectio
us disease; qu
arantine offen
ces; pharm
aceutical offen
ces;127 sanitat
ion offences no
t amounting to
the adulter
ation of food o
r selling noxio
us food or drin
k; apply all in
clusions listed
in 0902
1 - 09029
- Ex
clus
ions
: Endangered h
ealth and/or t
he potential fo
r bodily harm
inflicte
d upon a pers
on by another
person’s dang
erous acts (02
071); negligen
t acts (0
206); professi
onal malpract
ice (02062); p
otential to cau
se harm to
human health
involving the
use or handli
ng of controlle
d psychoactive
substan
ces (06); coun
terfeiting med
icines and pres
cription drug
s (07022)
0902
1 Acts
aga
inst
hea
lth a
nd sa
fety
at w
ork
Acts with pot
ential to cause
harm to huma
n health and s
afety in the
work place.
- Health as de
fined in footno
te 73. - Safety
as defined in
footnote 126.
+ In
clus
ions
: Health and s
afety at work
offences; pub
lic transport s
afety offence
s; pharmaceu
tical offences
- Ex
clus
ions
: Adulteration
of food, selling
noxious food
or drink, and o
ther acts th
at endanger he
alth (02071);
counterfeiting
medicines an
d prescription
drugs (
07022); apply
all exclusions
listed in 0902
0902
9 Oth
er a
cts a
gain
st h
ealth
and
safe
ty
Acts with pot
ential to cause
harm to huma
n health and s
afety not
in the work pla
ce. - Healt
h as defined in
footnote 73.
- Safety as defi
ned in footno
te 126.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0902
126 S
afet
y, at minimum
, is the conditi
on of being pr
otected from h
arm or injury
. 12
7 Ph
arm
aceu
tica
l offe
nces
include the fa
iling to store,
transport and
distribute me
dical product
s in accordanc
e with regulat
ory requireme
nts; supplying
/selling pharm
aceutical prod
ucts to people
who ha
ve no right to
possess the p
roduct; suppl
ying/selling ph
armaceutical p
roducts to un
licensed deale
rs; manufactur
ing, importing
, exporting an
d selling pharm
aceutical prod
ucts that do n
ot meet
country’s labe
lling and comp
osition standa
rds; manufactu
ring, importing
, exporting an
d selling pharm
aceutical prod
ucts without a
licence.
85
SECT
ION
09
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC S
AFET
Y AN
D ST
ATE
SECU
RITY
0903
Acts
aga
inst
com
pute
r sys
tem
s
Unauthorized
access to, inte
rception of, in
terference wit
h, or misuse o
f computer
data or compu
ter systems.12
8 +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 0903
1 - 09039
- Ex
clus
ions
: Possession, d
istribution or
creation of ch
ild pornograp
hy with a
computer sys
tem (030221)
; computer so
ftware theft o
r piracy (0503
); posses
sion, distribut
ion or creation
of pornograph
y with a comp
uter system
(08022); fraud
and theft with
a computer sy
stem (0701) o
r (0502)
0903
1 Unl
awfu
l acc
ess t
o a
com
pute
r sys
tem
Unlawf
ul acts involvi
ng entry into p
arts or the wh
ole of a compu
ter system
without autho
rization or just
ification.129
- Computer sy
stems as defin
ed in footnote
128. +
Incl
usio
ns: Acces
s to a comput
er system wit
hout right; ha
cking -
Excl
usio
ns: Unlaw
ful access to pr
ivate computer
files that amo
unts to
intrusions up
on one’s priva
cy (02011); ap
ply all exclusi
ons listed in 0
903 09
032 U
nlaw
ful i
nter
fere
nce
with
a c
ompu
ter s
yste
m o
r co
mpu
ter d
ata
Unlawful acts
hindering the
functioning of
a computer sy
stem, as
well as acts in
volving damag
e, deletion, de
terioration, al
teration or
suppression o
f computer da
ta without aut
horization or
justification.13
0 - Comp
uter systems a
s defined in fo
otnote 128.
- Computer da
ta as defined in
footnote 128.
+ In
clus
ions
: Damaging, d
eletion, altera
tion, suppress
ion of comput
er data;
hindering the
functioning of
a computer sy
stem; denial o
f service attack
, deletin
g computer sy
stem files wit
hout authoriza
tion; computer
system
damage; appl
y all inclusion
s in 090321 -
090322
- Ex
clus
ions
: Damaging pr
operty that is
not computer
data (0504); a
pply all
exclusions list
ed in 0903
0903
21
Unl
awfu
l int
erfe
renc
e w
ith a
com
pute
r sys
tem
Unlawf
ul acts hinder
ing the functio
ning of a comp
uter system
. - Comp
uter systems a
s defined in fo
otnote 128.
+ In
clus
ions
: Hindering th
e functioning
of a computer s
ystem; denial
of service
attack; comp
uter system d
amage
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 09032
128 C
ompu
ter
data
, at minimum,
means any re
presentation o
f facts, inform
ation, concept
s, in a machine
-readable form
suitable for p
rocessing by a
computer/inf
ormation syst
em. (United Na
tions Office o
n Drugs and C
rime. Compre
hensive Study
on Cybercrim
e. 2013. Web.
<http://www
.unodc.org/do
cuments/orga
nized-crime/U
NODC_CCPCJ_
EG.4_2013/CY
BERCRIME_ST
UDY_210213.
pdf>.). Com
pute
r/in
form
atio
n sy
stem
, at minimum,
is a device or i
nterconnected
devices which
pursuant to a
computer/inf
ormation pro
gram perform
(s) automatic
processing of
computer
data/informat
ion/logical/ar
ithmetic/stor
age functions
including com
puter data/inf
ormation stor
ed/ processed
/ retrieved/tr
ansmitted by
the computer/
information s
ystem includi
ng any
communicatio
n facility or eq
uipment and th
e internet. (U
nited Nations
Office on Drug
s and Crime. C
omprehensiv
e Study on Cyb
ercrime. 2013
. Web. <http:/
/www.unodc
.org/documen
ts/organized-
crime/UNODC
_CCPCJ_EG.4_2
013/CYBERCR
IME_STUDY_2
10213.pdf>.).
Compu
ter/
info
rmat
ion
prog
ram
, at minimum,
means instru
ctions in mac
hine readable
form that ena
bles a comput
er/informatio
n system to pr
ocess comput
er data/inform
ation/perform
a functio
n/operation a
nd can be exe
cuted by a com
puter/inform
ation system.
(United Natio
ns Office on Dr
ugs and Crime
. Comprehens
ive Study on C
ybercrime. 20
13. Web: <
http://www.u
nodc.org/doc
uments/organ
ized-crime/UN
ODC_CCPCJ_E
G.4_2013/CYB
ERCRIME_STUD
Y_210213.pdf>
.). 12
9 Ac
cess
, at minimum,
means to mak
e use of; to ga
in entry to; to
view, display,
instruct, or co
mmunicate wi
th; to store da
ta in or retriev
e data from; t
o copy, move,
add, change, o
r remove data
; or otherw
ise make use o
f, configure, o
r reconfigure a
ny resources o
f a computer s
ystem, or thei
r accessories.
(International
Telecommuni
cation Union.
ITU Toolkit fo
r Cybercrime L
egislation. Ge
neva, Switze
rland, 2010. W
eb: <http://w
ww.cyberdialo
gue.ca/wp-con
tent/uploads/2
011/03/ITU-T
oolkit-for-Cyb
ercrime-Legis
lation.pdf>.).
130 United Na
tions Office on
Drugs and Cr
ime. Com
preh
ensiv
e St
udy
on C
yber
crim
e. 2013. Web:
<http://www
.unodc.org/do
cuments/orga
nized-crime/
UNODC_CCPCJ
_EG.4_2013/CY
BERCRIME_ST
UDY_210213.
pdf>
86
SECT
ION
09
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC S
AFET
Y AN
D ST
ATE
SECU
RITY
0903
22
Unl
awfu
l int
erfe
renc
e w
ith co
mpu
ter d
ata
Acts involving
damage, delet
ion, deteriora
tion, alteratio
n or suppre
ssion of comp
uter data with
out authorizat
ion or justific
ation. - Comp
uter data as de
fined in footno
te 128.
+ In
clus
ions
: Damage, dele
tion, alteratio
n, suppression
of computer d
ata; deletin
g computer sy
stem files wit
hout authoriza
tion -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0903
2 09
033 U
nlaw
ful i
nter
cept
ion
or a
cces
s of c
ompu
ter d
ata
Unlawful acts
involving gain
ing access to c
omputer data
without
authorization
or justificatio
n, including ob
taining data d
uring a
transmission p
rocess that is
not intended
to be public, a
s well as
obtaining com
puter data (su
ch as by copyi
ng data) witho
ut author
ization.130
- Access as de
fined in footno
te 129.
- Computer da
ta as defined in
footnote 128.
+ In
clus
ions
: Interception
of computer d
ata without ri
ght; recording
transm
issions withou
t right within
a wireless net
work, copying
computer file
s withou
t authorization
-
Excl
usio
ns: Unlaw
ful access to pr
ivate computer
files that amo
unts to
intrusions up
on one’s priva
cy (02011); ap
ply all exclusi
ons listed in 0
903 09
039 O
ther
act
s aga
inst
com
pute
r sys
tem
s Acts ag
ainst computer
systems not d
escribed or cla
ssified in
categories 090
31 – 09033.
- Computer sy
stems as defin
ed in footnote
128. +
Incl
usio
ns: Produ
ction, sale, pro
curement, imp
ort, distributio
n or posses
sion of compu
ter misuse too
ls -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0903
0904
Acts
aga
inst
stat
e se
curit
y
Acts directed
against the int
egrity of the St
ate.131 +
Incl
usio
ns: Treas
on; spying; dis
closure of offic
ial secrets; off
ences against
government s
ecurity or ope
rations; milita
ry service offe
nces not amou
nting to
war crimes; co
nspiracy again
st the State; sa
botage; wagin
g a war or
attempting to
wage a war ag
ainst the gover
nment not am
ounting to the
interna
tional crime of
aggression; u
surpation; act
s against the k
ing or the
royal family; s
edition
- Ex
clus
ions
: Promising, o
ffering, giving
or soliciting,
or accepting a
n undue
advantage in o
rder that a pe
rson take or r
efrain from ta
king a particula
r course
of action (07
03); rioting an
d violent diso
rder (08011);
military
offences other
than military s
ervice offence
s
13
1 Inte
grit
y, at minimum
, is the applica
tion of values,
principles and
norms in the
daily operatio
ns of the State
and its public
sector organi
zations. (Orga
nisation for E
conomic Co-o
peration and
Development.
Public Sector
Integrity Rev
iews. Web: <ht
tp://www.oe
cd.org/gov/et
hics/publicsec
torintegrityre
views.htm>.)
87
SECT
ION
09
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC S
AFET
Y AN
D ST
ATE
SECU
RITY
0905
Acts
rela
ted
to a
n or
gani
zed
crim
inal
gro
up
Participating
in the activitie
s of an organiz
ed criminal gro
up.132 +
Incl
usio
ns: Partic
ipation in an o
rganized crimi
nal group; app
ly all inclusi
ons listed in 0
9051 - 09059
- Ex
clus
ions
: A committed
offence throu
gh the partici
pation of orga
nized crime i
s classified to
the particular
offence; crime
s committed by
organized
criminal group
s can be ident
ified with the
organization c
ontext disaggr
egation
0905
1 Part
icip
atio
n in
an
orga
nize
d cr
imin
al g
roup
Partici
pating in the a
ctivities of an
organized crim
inal group.
- Organized cr
iminal group a
s defined in fo
otnote 132.
+ In
clus
ions
: Participation
in an organize
d criminal gro
up -
Excl
usio
ns: A com
mitted offenc
e through the
participation o
f an organized
crimin
al group is cla
ssified to the p
articular offen
ce; the link to
an organized
crimina
l group is iden
tified by maki
ng use of the “
situational con
text” disaggr
egation; apply
all exclusions
in 0905
0905
9 Oth
er a
cts r
elat
ed to
an
orga
nize
d cr
imin
al g
roup
Acts re
lated to an org
anized crimin
al group not d
escribed or
classified in ca
tegory 09051.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0905
0906
Terr
oris
m
Participating
in the activitie
s of a terrorist
group or othe
r individual o
r group acts
related to terr
orist offences.
133 -Terror
ist offence as
defined in foot
note 133.
+ In
clus
ions
: Participation
or membership
in a terrorist
group; recrui
tment or train
ing for terror
ism; financing
terrorism; in
citement to te
rrorism; apply
all incl
usions listed i
n 09061 - 090
69 -
Excl
usio
ns: Death
as a result of
terrorist activ
ities (0101);
A committed te
rrorist offenc
e is classified
to the particul
ar offence; the
link to terrori
sm or a terror
ist group can b
e identified w
ith the situatio
nal context
disaggregation
132 O
rgan
ized
cri
min
al g
roup
is a structured
group of thre
e or more pers
ons, existing f
or a period of
time and acti
ng in concert w
ith the aim of
committing on
e or more serio
us crimes or o
ffences in
order to obtai
n, directly or i
ndirectly, a fin
ancial or other
material bene
fit. (United Na
tions Office on
Drugs and Cr
ime. United Na
tions Convent
ion Against Tr
ansnational O
rganized Crim
e and the
Protocols The
reto. New Yor
k, NY.: , 2004.
Web: <https:/
/www.unodc
.org/documen
ts/treaties/UN
TOC/Publicat
ions/TOC Con
vention/TOCe
book-e.pdf>).
Struct
ured
gro
up is a gro
up that is not
randomly form
ed for the imm
ediate commi
ssion of an off
ence and that d
oes not need t
o have formal
ly defined role
s for its memb
ers, continuity
of its membe
rship or a dev
eloped structu
re. (United Na
tions Office on
Drugs and Cr
ime. United Na
tions Convent
ion Against Tr
ansnational O
rganized Crim
e and the Prot
ocols Thereto
. New York, NY
.: , 2004. W
eb: https://ww
w.unodc.org/d
ocuments/tre
aties/UNTOC/
Publications/T
OC Convention
/TOCebook-e
.pdf). 13
3 A te
rror
ist o
ffenc
e means any a
ct established
in accordance
with the unive
rsal legal instr
uments agains
t terrorism, or
otherwise inte
nded to cause
death or seriou
s bodily injur
y to a civilian,
or to any oth
er person not
taking an acti
ve part in the
hostilities of a
situation of a
rmed conflict,
when the pur
pose of such a
ct, by its natur
e or context, i
s to intimidate
a population,
or to compel a
govern
ment or an int
ernational org
anization to d
o or abstain fr
om doing any
act. (United N
ations Genera
l Assembly. Int
ernational Con
vention for the
Suppression
of the Financin
g of Terrorism
. 1999.
E/RES/54/109
, Article 2(1b)
.
88
SECT
ION
09
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST P
UBL
IC S
AFET
Y AN
D ST
ATE
SECU
RITY
0906
1 Part
icip
atio
n in
a te
rror
ist g
roup
Partici
pating in the a
ctivities of a g
roup for the pu
rpose of
committing on
e or more terro
rist offences.
Terror
ist offence as
defined in foot
note 133.
+ In
clus
ions
: Participation
in or members
hip of a terror
ist group
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0906
0906
2 Fina
ncin
g of
terr
oris
m
Financing of t
errorist acts, i
ndividual terro
rists or terror
ist organiz
ations.134
-Financing as d
efined in footn
ote 134.
+ In
clus
ions
: Financing te
rrorism; financ
ing terrorist g
roups -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0906
0906
9 Oth
er a
cts r
elat
ed to
the
activ
ities
of a
terr
orist
gr
oup Acts related to
the activities
of a terrorist g
roup not desc
ribed or
classified in ca
tegories 0906
1- 09062.
Terrorist offe
nce as defined
in footnote 13
3. +
Incl
usio
ns: Recru
itment or trai
ning for terro
rism; inciteme
nt to terrorism
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 0906
0907
Non
-inju
rious
traf
fic v
iola
tions
Criminal acts
under the traf
fic code and tr
affic regulatio
ns by a person
that do not
result in injur
y or death.
+ In
clus
ions
: Road vehicle
licensing, driv
ing, registratio
n, or road wor
thiness
offences; spee
ding; violation
of safety regu
lations, vehicl
e registration
regulat
ions, driving li
cence regulati
ons -
Excl
usio
ns: Bodil
y harm or pot
ential for bod
ily harm inflicte
d upon a
person due to
another perso
n’s negligent,
reckless or car
eless behavio
ur while
in control of a
vehicle (0206
3); operating
a vehicle unde
r the influence
of psycho
active substan
ces (02072); h
it and run cau
sing property
damage
(0504); hit an
d run causing
bodily injury
(02063)
0908
Oth
er a
cts a
gain
st p
ublic
safe
ty a
nd st
ate
secu
rity
Acts with the
potential to e
ndanger publi
c safety and st
ate security n
ot described o
r classifi
ed in categorie
s 0901 - 0907
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Form
ing a militia; h
iring a mercen
ary; hiding a d
ead body
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 0901 - 0907
134 F
inan
cing
means provid
ing or collectin
g funds with th
e intention th
at they should
be used or in
the knowledge
that they are
to be used, in
full or in part
, in order to ca
rry out terror
ist (United
Nations Gene
ral Assembly.
International
Convention f
or the Suppres
sion of the Fin
ancing of Terr
orism. 1999. E
/RES/54/109,
Article 2(1b).
89
SECT
ION
10
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST T
HE N
ATU
RAL
ENVI
RON
MEN
T
1001
Acts
that
caus
e en
viro
nmen
tal p
ollu
tion
or
degr
adat
ion
Acts that resu
lt in the polluti
on of the natur
al environme
nt.135
+ In
clus
ions
: Air, water, so
il pollution; ap
ply all inclusi
ons listed in 1
0011 - 10019
- Ex
clus
ions
: Pollution or d
egradation th
rough the illeg
al movement
or dumpin
g of waste (10
02); litter offe
nces (0801); w
ilful destructio
n, damage,
or defacemen
t inflicted upo
n public or pr
ivate property
(0504)
1001
1 Acts
that
cau
se th
e po
llutio
n or
deg
rada
tion
of a
ir Acts th
at result in air
pollution or d
egradation.136
+ In
clus
ions
: Air pollution
-
Excl
usio
ns: Air po
llution caused
by illegal min
ing, illegal logg
ing or other
acts that resu
lt in the deplet
ion or degrada
tion of natura
l resources (1
004); apply a
ll exclusions li
sted in 1001
1001
2 Acts
that
cau
se th
e po
llutio
n or
deg
rada
tion
of
wat
er
Acts that resu
lt in water pol
lution or degra
dation.137
+ In
clus
ions
: Water pollu
tion -
Excl
usio
ns: Wate
r pollution ca
used by illega
l mining, illega
l logging or
other acts tha
t result in the
depletion or d
egradation of
natural resou
rces (1004)
; water polluti
on or degrada
tion through t
he illegal mov
ement or
dumping of wa
ste (1002); ap
ply all exclusi
ons listed in 1
001 10
013 Ac
ts th
at c
ause
the
pollu
tion
or d
egra
datio
n of
soil
Acts that resu
lt in soil pollu
tion or degrad
ation.138
+ In
clus
ions
: Soil pollution
-
Excl
usio
ns: Soil p
ollution caused
by illegal min
ing, illegal logg
ing or other
acts that resu
lt in the deplet
ion or degrada
tion of natura
l resources (1
004); soil po
llution or deg
radation throu
gh illegal mov
ement or dum
ping of waste
(1002); apply
all exclusions
listed in 1001
1001
9 Oth
er a
cts t
hat c
ause
env
ironm
enta
l pol
lutio
n or
de
grad
atio
n Acts th
at result in the
pollution of th
e natural envi
ronment not
described or c
lassified in cat
egories 10011
- 10013.
- Natural envi
ronment as d
efined in footn
ote 135.
+ In
clus
ions
: Pollution thr
ough noise, vi
brations, heat,
light or radia
tion; danger
ous, nuclear a
nd chemical s
ubstance offen
ces -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 1001
135 N
atur
al e
nvir
onm
ent, at mi
nimum, is the
environment th
at encompasse
s the interacti
on of all living
species.
136 A
ir p
ollu
tion
is the direct or
indirect cont
amination of t
he indoor or o
utdoor enviro
nment by any
chemical, phy
sical or biolog
ical agent that
modifies the n
atural characte
ristics of the a
tmosphere.
(World Health
Organization
. Air Pollution
. Web: <http:/
/www.who.in
t/topics/air_p
ollution/en/in
dex.html>.).
137 W
ater
pol
lutio
n is the direct
or indirect int
roduction of s
ubstances or e
nergy into a b
ody of water,
water utilities
or marine env
ironment (inc
luding estuari
es), resulting i
n harm to livin
g resour
ces, hazards t
o human healt
h, hindrances
to marine act
ivities includi
ng fishing, im
pairment of th
e quality of se
a water and r
eduction of am
enities. (Orga
nisation for E
conomic Coop
eration and
Development.
Marine Polluti
on. Web: <htt
p://stats.oecd
.org/glossary
/detail.asp?ID
=1596>.).
138 S
oil p
ollu
tion
, at minimum,
is the direct or
indirect cont
amination of s
oil by any chem
ical, physical o
r biological ag
ent that modif
ies the natura
l characteristi
cs of the soil.
90
SECT
ION
10
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST T
HE N
ATU
RAL
ENVI
RON
MEN
T
1002
Acts
invo
lvin
g th
e m
ovem
ent o
r dum
ping
of w
aste
Acts involving
the illegal mo
vement or du
mping of wast
e.139
+ In
clus
ions
: Illegal traffic
king of waste;
illegal movem
ent of waste; ill
egal waste d
umping; apply
all inclusions
listed in 1002
1 - 10022
- Ex
clus
ions
: Litter offenc
es (0801)
1002
1 Acts
invo
lvin
g th
e m
ovem
ent o
r dum
ping
of w
aste
w
ithin
nat
iona
l bor
ders
Acts in
volving the ille
gal movemen
t or dumping
of waste whos
e incepti
on, prevention
and/or direc
t or indirect ef
fects involve o
nly one cou
ntry. - Move
ment and dum
ping as define
d in footnote 1
39. +
Incl
usio
ns: Illega
l domestic wa
ste dumping, il
legal domesti
c movement o
r traffick
ing of waste
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1002
1002
2 Acts
invo
lvin
g th
e m
ovem
ent o
r dum
ping
of w
aste
ac
ross
nat
iona
l bor
ders
Acts in
volving the ille
gal movemen
t or dumping
of waste whos
e incepti
on, prevention
and/or direc
t or indirect ef
fects involve
more than on
e country.
- Movement a
nd dumping as
defined in foo
tnote 133.
+ In
clus
ions
: Cross-borde
r trafficking in
waste -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 1002
1003
Trad
e or
pos
sess
ion
of p
rote
cted
or p
rohi
bite
d sp
ecie
s of
faun
a an
d flo
ra
Unlawful trad
e or possessio
n of specimen
s of protected
or prohibited w
ild fauna or
flora species.14
0 +
Incl
usio
ns: Traffi
cking in wildl
ife, unlawful t
rade or posses
sion of wildlif
e; apply a
ll inclusions li
sted in 10031
- 10032
- Ex
clus
ions
: Theft of a pe
t (050221); of
fences against
the treatment
, raising
or keeping of a
nimals (1009
1); robbery of
livestock (040
14); theft of li
vestock
(05025)
139 M
ovem
ent o
r du
mpi
ng, at min
imum, is the u
nlawful collec
tion, transpor
t, recovery, dis
posal or shipm
ent of waste th
at causes or is
likely to cause
serious injury
to any person
or substantia
l damag
e to the quality
of air, soil or
water, or to fa
una or flora.
140 S
peci
men
is any animal
or plant, whet
her alive or de
ad, or any reco
gnizable part
or derivative
thereof.
Prote
cted
spe
cies
is a species o
f fauna or flor
a under prote
ction due to it
s risk of becom
ing extinct be
cause of its low
population, ov
er-hunting/fis
hing, environ
mental change
, predation, or
other reason
s. (Conve
ntio
n on
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de in
End
ange
red
Spec
ies o
f Wild
Fau
na a
nd F
lora
. 1973. Web: <
http://www.c
ites.org/eng/d
isc/text.php).
Pro
hibi
ted
spec
ies is a sp
ecies of fauna
or flora that i
s prohibited b
y national law
due to its inv
asive qualities
to the environ
ment, poses a
danger to pers
ons, or other p
otential to cau
se harm.
(European Un
ion. Deve
lopi
ng a
n EU
Fra
mew
ork
for I
nvas
ive
Alie
n Sp
ecie
s. Web: <http:
//ec.europa.eu
/environment/
nature/invasi
vealien/docs/
ias_discussion
_paper.pdf>.).
91
SECT
ION
10
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST T
HE N
ATU
RAL
ENVI
RON
MEN
T
1003
1 Trad
e or
pos
sess
ion
of p
rote
cted
spec
ies o
f wild
fa
una
and
flora
Unlawf
ul trade or po
ssession of sp
ecimens of pro
tected wild fa
una or flora
species.
- Protected sp
ecies as defin
ed in footnote
140. +
Incl
usio
ns: Ivory
trafficking; ap
ply all inclusi
ons listed in 1
00311 - 10031
2 -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 1003
1003
11
Trad
e or
pos
sess
ion
of p
rote
cted
spec
ies w
ithin
na
tiona
l bor
ders
Unlawf
ul trade or po
ssession of sp
ecimens of pro
tected wild
fauna or flora
species involv
ing only one c
ountry.
- Protected sp
ecies as defin
ed in footnote
140. +
Incl
usio
ns: Unlaw
ful trade or po
ssession of en
dangered spec
ies -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 1003
1 10
0312
Tr
affic
king
of p
rote
cted
spec
ies a
cros
s nat
iona
l bo
rder
s Unlawf
ul import, expo
rt, acquisition,
sale, moveme
nt or transfe
r of protected
wild fauna or
flora species in
volving two
or more coun
tries. - Prote
cted species a
s defined in fo
otnote 140.
+ In
clus
ions
: Cross-borde
r trafficking in
wildlife
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1003
1003
2 Trad
e or
pos
sess
ion
of p
rohi
bite
d or
con
trol
led
spec
ies o
f ani
mal
s Unlawf
ul trade or po
ssession of sp
ecimens of pro
hibited or
controlled fau
na or flora spe
cies. - Prohi
bited species
as defined in fo
otnote 140.
+ In
clus
ions
: Possession o
f dangerous or
controlled an
imals; breeding
of danger
ous animals; t
rade in prohib
ited species
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1003
1003
9 Oth
er tr
ade
or p
osse
ssio
n of
pro
tect
ed o
r pr
ohib
ited
spec
ies o
f fau
na a
nd fl
ora
Other acts of u
nlawful trade
or possession
of protected o
r prohib
ited species o
f fauna and flo
ra not describe
d or classified
in categor
ies 10031 - 10
032. - Prohi
bited species
as defined in fo
otnote 140.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1003
92
SECT
ION
10
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST T
HE N
ATU
RAL
ENVI
RON
MEN
T
1004
Acts
that
resu
lt in
the
depl
etio
n or
deg
rada
tion
of
natu
ral r
esou
rces
Acts th
at result in the
unlawful exp
loitation or de
pletion of natu
ral resources, f
auna or flora
species, land,
water or air.
+ In
clus
ions
: Apply all incl
usions listed i
n 10041 - 100
49 -
Excl
usio
ns: Acts t
hat result in th
e pollution of
the natural en
vironment not
amoun
ting to depleti
on or degrada
tion (1001)
1004
1 Ill
egal
logg
ing
Unlawf
ul extraction, c
utting, harves
t, transportati
on, purchase o
r sale of
timber.
+ In
clus
ions
: Illegal loggin
g; illegal slash
and burn; illeg
al sand mining
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 1004
1004
2 Ill
egal
hun
ting,
fish
ing
or g
athe
ring
of w
ild fa
una
and
flora
Unlawf
ul hunting, fish
ing, collecting
or otherwise
taking of wild
fauna o
r flora.
+ In
clus
ions
: Illegal huntin
g, illegal fishin
g, poaching
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1004
1004
3 Ill
egal
min
ing
Unlawf
ul extraction o
f ore or miner
als from the gro
und. +
Incl
usio
ns: Traffi
cking of precio
us minerals; i
llegal mining; m
ining in the
absence of lan
d rights or mi
ning licences;
mining in viol
ation of enviro
nmental
or safety stan
dards -
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 1004
1004
9 O
ther
act
s tha
t res
ult i
n th
e de
plet
ion
or
degr
adat
ion
of n
atur
al re
sour
ces
Acts depleting
natural resou
rces not descr
ibed or classif
ied in categor
ies 10041 - 10
043. +
-
Excl
usio
ns: Apply
all exclusions
listed in 1004
1009
Oth
er a
cts a
gain
st th
e na
tura
l env
ironm
ent
Unlawful acts
with potential
to cause harm
to the natura
l environment
which are
not described
or classified i
n categories 1
001 - 1004.
- Natural envi
ronment as d
efined in footn
ote 135.
+ In
clus
ions
: Failure to pro
tect the health
and well-bein
g of flora and
fauna; apply a
ll inclusions li
sted in 10091
- 10092
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1001 - 1008
93
SECT
ION
10
ACT
S AG
AIN
ST T
HE N
ATU
RAL
ENVI
RON
MEN
T
1009
1 Ac
ts a
gain
st a
nim
als
Unlawful treat
ment, raising o
r keeping of a
nimals.
+ In
clus
ions
: Animal own
ership or welf
are offences (n
ot amounting
to wildlife
trade offences
); cruelty to pe
ts; violations
against huntin
g seasons;
cruelty to anim
als; ill treatme
nt of animals
- Ex
clus
ions
: Stealing a pe
t (050221); th
eft of livestock
(05025); rob
bery of
livestock (040
14) 10
099
Oth
er a
cts a
gain
st th
e na
tura
l env
ironm
ent
Other acts aga
inst the natura
l environment
not described
or classifi
ed in 10091.
- Natural envi
ronment as d
efined in footn
ote 135.
+ In
clus
ions
: Smuggling o
f ozone-deplet
ing substances
(ODS); unlaw
ful use
of ODS
- Ex
clus
ions
: Unlawful tr
eatment, raisi
ng or keepin
g of animals (
10091);
Apply all exclu
sions listed in
1001 - 1008
94
SECT
ION
11
OTH
ER C
RIM
INAL
ACT
S N
OT
ELSE
WHE
RE C
LASS
IFIE
D
1101
Acts
und
er u
nive
rsal
juris
dict
ion
Acts that fall u
nder universal
human rights
instruments an
d can be pursu
ed by an
international c
ourt of justice
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 1101
1 - 11019
-
1101
1 Tort
ure
Torture of a p
erson.141
+ In
clus
ions
: Torture
- Ex
clus
ions
: Acts causing
harm or inten
ding to cause
harm to the p
erson not
amounting to
torture (02)
1101
2 Pira
cy
Piracy is any a
ct of violence,
detention or d
epredation co
mmitted
for private end
s by the crew
or passenger
s of a private s
hip or a
private aircraf
t, and directed
on the high se
as, against an
other ship
or aircraft, or a
gainst person
s or property
on board such
ship or
aircraft; or ag
ainst a ship, a
ircraft, person
s or property i
n a place
outside the jur
isdiction of an
y State, includ
ing acts of par
ticipation
in, incitement
to, or facilitat
ion of such act
s.142
+ In
clus
ions
: Any act of vo
luntary partici
pation in the o
peration of a s
hip or of an a
ircraft with th
e knowledge o
f facts making i
t a pirate ship
or aircraft;
any act of inci
ting or of inte
ntionally facili
tating an act o
f piracy;
commandeerin
g -
Excl
usio
ns: Offen
ces committed
not on the hig
h seas by the
crew or
passengers of
a private ship
or aircraft are
coded to the
particular offe
nce; unlawf
ul seizure of a
vehicle togeth
er with its pas
senger throug
h the use of
force or threa
t of force by a
person not on
the high seas
(020223)
1101
3 War
crim
es
Acts constitut
ing serious vi
olations of the
laws and cust
oms applica
ble in armed c
onflict as expr
essed in the S
tatute of the
International C
riminal Court
(Rome Statute
) and the Gene
va Conven
tions (1949).
+ In
clus
ions
: War crimes u
nder internati
onal humanita
rian law, includ
ing the
unlawful killin
g of civilians b
y parties to an
armed conflic
t; rape associa
ted with ar
med conflict, a
nd other acts i
ncluded in Ar
ticle 8 of the R
ome Statute
;143 apply all in
clusions listed
in 110131 - 1
10139 -
141 T
ortu
re is any
act by which se
vere pain or su
ffering, wheth
er physical or
mental, is inte
ntionally inflic
ted on a perso
n for such purp
oses as obtain
ing from them
or a third per
son informati
on or a
confession, pu
nishing them,
intimidating th
em or coercing
them, or for a
ny reason base
d on discrimin
ation of any k
ind when such
pain or suffer
ing is inflicted
by or at the in
stigation of or
with the
consent or acq
uiescence of a
public official
or other pers
ons acting in a
n official capa
city. (United N
ations. Conve
ntion against
Torture and O
ther Cruel, Inh
uman
or D
egra
ding
Tre
atm
ent o
r Pu
nish
men
t. N
ew Y
ork,
NY,
198
4. W
eb: <
http
://w
ww
.un.
org/
mill
enni
um/l
aw/i
v-9.
htm
>.).
142 United
Nations. Conv
ention on the
Law of the Se
a. New York, N
Y. Web: <http
://www.un.o
rg/depts/los/
convention_ag
reements/text
s/unclos/part7
.htm>. 14
3 War
cri
mes
, under the Ro
me Statute, in
clude grave br
eaches of the
Geneva Conve
ntions of 12 A
ugust 1949, ot
her serious vi
olations of the
laws and cust
oms applicabl
e in internatio
nal armed
conflict, and i
n the case of n
on-internation
al conflicts an
y serious viol
ations of artic
le 3 common to
the four Genev
a Conventions
of 12 August 1
949 or other s
erious violatio
ns of laws and
customs
applicable in s
uch circumsta
nces within th
e established
framework of i
nternational l
aw.
95
SECT
ION
11
OTH
ER C
RIM
INAL
ACT
S N
OT
ELSE
WHE
RE C
LASS
IFIE
D
1101
31
Unl
awfu
lly k
illin
g, c
ausi
ng o
r int
endi
ng to
cau
se
deat
h or
serio
us in
jury
ass
ocia
ted
with
arm
ed
conf
lict
Acts that resu
lt in death or s
erious injury,
or intend to c
ause death o
r serious injury
in violation o
f the laws and
customs
applicable in a
rmed conflict
as expressed i
n the Rome St
atute and the
Geneva Conv
entions (1949
). +
Incl
usio
ns: Wilfu
l killing; wilful
ly causing gre
at suffering or
serious injury
to body
or health; unl
awful killing o
f civilians by p
arties to an ar
med conflict;
killing or wou
nding a comba
tant who has la
id down arms
and has
surrendered;
intentionally
using starvati
on of civilians
as a method o
f warfar
e; subjecting p
ersons to phy
sical mutilatio
n or medical/s
cientific
experiments th
at are not justi
fied or in the p
erson’s interes
ts; killing or
wounding trea
cherously ind
ividuals belon
ging to the ho
stile nation or
army; declari
ng that no qua
rter will be giv
en -
Excl
usio
ns: Inten
tional homicid
e not amount
ing to war crim
e (0101);
attempted inte
ntional homic
ide not amoun
ting to war cri
me (0102); no
n-intenti
onal homicide
not amountin
g to war crime
(0103)
1101
32
Unl
awfu
l des
truc
tion
or d
amag
e to
pro
pert
y as
soci
ated
with
arm
ed c
onfli
ct
Acts that resu
lt in extensive
destruction o
r damage to
property not j
ustified by mil
itary necessit
y and carried
out unlawf
ully and want
only in armed
conflict as exp
ressed in
the Rome Statu
te and the Gen
eva Conventio
ns (1949).
+
Incl
usio
ns: Inten
tionally causin
g damage that
is excessive in
relation to
direct military a
dvantage; lon
g-term and se
vere damage o
r destruction
of the natura
l environment;
attacking or b
ombarding to
wns, villages,
dwelling or
buildings that
are undefend
ed and are no
t military obje
ctives; intenti
onally attacki
ng buildings d
edicated to rel
igion, educatio
n, art, science
or charitable
purposes, hist
oric monumen
ts, or hospital
s, provided th
ey are not mil
itary objecti
ves; pillaging
- Ex
clus
ions
: Property dam
age not amoun
ting to war cri
me (0504)
1101
33
Sexu
al v
iole
nce
asso
ciat
ed w
ith a
rmed
con
flict
Acts of
a sexual natu
re that are us
ed as tactics of
warfare as
expressed in t
he Rome Statu
te and the Gen
eva Conventio
ns (1949)
. +
Incl
usio
ns: Comm
itting rape, se
xual slavery, e
nforced prostit
ution, forced
pregnancy, en
forced steriliz
ation or any o
ther form of s
exual violence
associa
ted with arme
d conflict and
constituting a
grave breach
of the Geneva
Conven
tions -
Excl
usio
ns: Sexua
l violence not a
mounting to w
ar crime (0301
); sexual
exploitation n
ot amounting
to war crime (
0302) 11
0134
Ac
ts a
gain
st li
bert
y or
hum
an d
igni
ty
asso
ciat
ed w
ith a
rmed
con
flict
Acts de
priving prison
ers of war or o
ther protected
persons of
their liberty o
r human digni
ty as expresse
d in the Rome
Statute and th
e Geneva Con
ventions (1949
). +
Incl
usio
ns: Wilfu
lly depriving a
prisoner of w
ar or other pr
otected person
s of the r
ights to a fair a
nd regular tria
l; unlawful dep
ortation or tra
nsfer or
unlawful conf
inement; takin
g of hostages;
committing o
utrages upon p
ersonal
dignity (includ
ing humiliating
and degrading
treatment)
- Ex
clus
ions
: Acts against
liberty not am
ounting to wa
r crime (0202
)
96
SECT
ION
11
OTH
ER C
RIM
INAL
ACT
S N
OT
ELSE
WHE
RE C
LASS
IFIE
D
1101
35
Cons
crip
ting
or e
nlis
ting
child
sold
iers
Acts re
sulting in chil
dren under the
age of 15 bec
oming comba
tants as expre
ssed in the Ro
me Statute an
d the Geneva
Conventions (1
949). +
Incl
usio
ns: Consc
ripting or enli
sting children u
nder the age o
f 15 into
national armed
forces or usin
g them to part
icipate activel
y in hostilities
-
Excl
usio
ns: Slave
ry and exploit
ation not amo
unting to war
crime (0203);
forced
labour for the
State or arme
d forces (0203
23) 11
0139
O
ther
war
crim
es
Other acts des
cribed in the R
ome Statute a
nd the Geneva
Conven
tions (1949).
+ In
clus
ions
: Employing p
oison or poiso
ned weapons;
employing w
eapons,
projectiles and
material and
methods of wa
rfare that are o
f a nature to ca
use superfl
uous injury or
unnecessary
suffering
-
1101
4 Gen
ocid
e Genoci
de, at minimum
, means acts co
mmitted with
intent to
destroy, in wh
ole or in part,
a national, eth
nical, racial or
religious
group, as such
: killing memb
ers of the grou
p; causing ser
ious bodily
or mental harm
to members of
the group; del
iberately
inflicting on th
e group condit
ions of life cal
culated to brin
g about
its physical de
struction in wh
ole or in part;
imposing me
asures
intended to pr
event births w
ithin the group
; and forcibly
transferring c
hildren of the
group to anoth
er group.
+ In
clus
ions
: Acts include
d in Article 6
of the Rome St
atute -
1101
5 Crim
es a
gain
st h
uman
ity
Crimes agains
t humanity, at
minimum, en
compass crim
es such as
murder, exter
mination, rape
, persecution
and all other i
nhumane
acts of a simil
ar character (w
ilfully causing
great sufferin
g or serious
injury to the b
ody or to men
tal or physical
health),
committed “a
s part of a wid
espread or sy
stematic attac
k directed
against any civ
ilian populatio
n, with knowl
edge of the att
ack”. +
Incl
usio
ns: Acts i
ncluded in Ar
ticle 7 of the R
ome Statute
-
1101
6 Crim
e of
agg
ress
ion
Crime of aggr
ession means
the planning,
preparation, i
nitiation or
execution, by
a person in a
position effec
tively to exerc
ise control
over or to dire
ct the political
or military ac
tion of a State
, of an act
of aggression
which, by its c
haracter, gravi
ty and scale, c
onstitutes
a manifest vio
lation of the Ch
arter of the Un
ited Nations.
+ In
clus
ions
: Acts include
d in Article 8
of the amende
d Rome Statute
2010 -
97
SECT
ION
11
OTH
ER C
RIM
INAL
ACT
S N
OT
ELSE
WHE
RE C
LASS
IFIE
D
1101
9 Oth
er a
cts u
nder
uni
vers
al ju
risdi
ctio
n Acts un
der universal
jurisdiction no
t described or
classified in
categories 110
11 - 11016.
+ In
clus
ions
: Forming gro
ups with the i
ntention of co
mmitting acts
under univer
sal jurisdictio
n -
1102
Acts
con
trar
y to
you
th re
gula
tions
and
act
s on
min
ors
Unlawful acts
defined in spec
ific laws and r
egulations rel
ating to minor
s. +
Incl
usio
ns: Apply
all inclusions
listed in 1102
1 - 11029
- Ex
clus
ions
: Injurious act
s of a sexual n
ature (03)
1102
1 St
atus
offe
nces
Unlawf
ul acts defined
in law that ar
e considered o
ffences due on
ly to the a
ge of those inv
olved, commit
ted by minors
or by adults in
relatio
n to minors.
+ In
clus
ions
: Youth curfew
violations; dr
inking age vio
lations; selling
alcohol
or tobacco to m
inors; contribu
ting to delinqu
ency of minor
s; violating
compulsory s
chool attendan
ce laws/truan
cy; under-age
marriage
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1102
1102
9 O
ther
act
s con
trar
y to
you
th re
gula
tions
and
act
s on
min
ors
Acts contrary
to youth regul
ations and act
s on minors no
t describ
ed or classifie
d in 11021.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1102
1109
Oth
er c
rimin
al a
cts n
ot e
lsew
here
cla
ssifi
ed
Acts that fall u
nder criminal
offences are d
efined in natio
nal law and ar
e not describ
ed or classifie
d in categories
1101 - 1102.
+
- Ex
clus
ions
: Apply all exc
lusions listed
in 1101 - 1102
98
Tabl
e: II
Di
sagg
rega
ting
varia
ble
cate
gorie
s144
EVEN
T DI
SAGG
REGA
TIO
NS
At –
Att
empt
ed/c
ompl
eted
Si
C –
Situ
atio
nal c
onte
xt
Geo
– Ge
ogra
phic
al lo
catio
n of
the
crim
e Re
p –
Repo
rted
by
DaT
– Da
te a
nd ti
me
1. Attempted14
5
2. Completed14
6 3. Not a
pplicable
4. Not known
1.Organized-c
rime related14
7 2. Gang
-related14
8 4.Corp
orate crime-re
lated149
5.Intimate par
tner/family-re
lated150
6. Terrorism-
related15
1 7. Civil
unrest15
2 8. Othe
r crime
9. Not applicab
le 10. Not
known
1.Required ge
ographical div
ision of
country (1st , 2
nd , etc. levels)
2. Extra
territorial15
3 3. Not a
pplicable
4. Not known
1. Victim
2. Witness (no
n-victim)
3. Police
4.Other law en
forcement
5. Criminal jus
tice institution
6. Not k
nown D
ate
form
at:
dddd/mm/yyy
y Ti
me
form
at: 24:00
144 Each eleme
nt and variabl
e may be relev
ant for selecte
d categories o
nly. 145 The
crime was att
empted.
146 The crime
was complete
d. 147 Part
icipation in an
organized cri
minal group w
as an integral p
art of the mod
us operandi of
the crime. Or
ganized crimin
al group as de
fined in footno
te 132.
148 Participatio
n in a gang wa
s an integral p
art of the mod
us operandi o
f the crime. A
gang is a grou
p of persons t
hat is defined
by a set of cha
racteristics in
cluding durabi
lity over time,
street-oriente
d lifestyl
e, youthfulnes
s of members,
involvement
in illegal activ
ities and group
identity. Defin
itions used by
national law en
forcement bod
ies may includ
e additional e
lements and m
ay in some cas
es deviate
from this gen
eric definition
. 149 Part
icipation in a c
orporate or bu
siness entity w
as an integral p
arty of the mo
dus operandi
of the crime.
150 Intimate par
tner/family-re
lated crimes a
re distinguish
ed by the natu
re of the relati
onship betwe
en perpetrator
and victim.
151 Participatio
n in a terroris
t group was an
integral part
of the modus o
perandi of the
crime. Terror
ist group is a g
roup that enga
ges in terroris
t offences. Ter
rorist offences
as defined in
footnote 133.
152 Civi
l unr
est refers
to a situation
of collective vi
olent hostilitie
s between tw
o or more part
ies within a co
untry that do
not amount to
an internal ar
med conflict.
153 The geogra
phical locatio
n of the crime
determines th
e exact geogra
phical referen
ce where the c
rime was com
mitted, an ext
raterritorialit
y reference sh
ould be applie
d if the crime
was committe
d in anot
her country or
international
waters but rec
orded in the r
eporting coun
try due to inve
stigations and
prosecutions
under extrate
rritorial jurisd
iction. Extrate
rritoriality is t
he ability for
countries to c
onsider an off
ence committe
d abroad to be
an offence com
mitted within
their borders
.
99
We
– Ty
pe o
f wea
pon
used
Lo
– L
ocat
ion
of th
e cr
ime
Mot
– M
otiv
e Cy
– C
yber
crim
e-re
late
d154
1. F
irear
m15
5 2.
Kni
fe o
r sha
rp o
bjec
t156
3. O
ther
mea
ns15
7 4.
Unk
now
n m
eans
158
5. N
ot a
pplic
able
6.
Not
kno
wn
1. P
rivat
e re
siden
tial p
rem
ises15
9 2.
Ope
n ar
ea, s
tree
t or p
ublic
tran
spor
t 3.
Sch
ools
or o
ther
edu
catio
nal i
nstit
utio
ns
4. P
rison
s, p
enal
inst
itutio
ns o
r cor
rect
iona
l in
stitu
tions
5.
Inst
itutio
nal c
are
sett
ings
160
6. O
ther
com
mer
cial
or p
ublic
non
-res
iden
tial
prem
ises16
1 7.
Oth
er
8. N
ot k
now
n
1. Il
licit
gain
2.
Hat
e cr
ime16
2 3.
Gen
der-
base
d163
4. In
terp
erso
nal c
onfli
ct16
4 5.
Pol
itica
l age
nda16
5 6.
Oth
er m
otiv
e 7.
Not
app
licab
le
8. N
ot k
now
n
1. C
yber
crim
e-re
late
d 2.
Non
-cyb
ercr
ime-
rela
ted
3. N
ot a
pplic
able
4.
Not
kno
wn
154 Apply the c
ybercrimes ta
g if the use of
computer dat
a or computer
systems was a
n integral par
t of the modus
operandi of th
e crime. Comp
uter data and
computer sys
tems as defin
ed in footnote
128. 155 Firear
m is any
portable barr
elled weapon
that expels, is
designed to e
xpel or may b
e readily conv
erted to expel
a shot, bullet
or projectile b
y the action o
f an explosive,
excluding ant
ique firearms
or their replic
as. (United Na
tions Office on
Drugs and Cr
ime. Prot
ocol
aga
inst
the
Illic
it M
anuf
actu
ring
of a
nd T
raffi
ckin
g in
Fir
earm
s, Th
eir P
arts
and
Com
pone
nts a
nd A
mm
uniti
on, s
uppl
emen
ting
the
Unite
d N
atio
ns C
onve
ntio
n ag
ains
t Tra
nsna
tiona
l Org
aniz
ed C
rim
e. New York, N
Y.: , 2001. We
b: <http://ww
w.unodc.org/d
ocuments/tre
aties/Special/
2001 Protocol
against the Ill
icit Manufactu
ring of
and Traffickin
g in Firearms.
pdf>.). 156 Kni
fe is an in
strument com
posed of a blad
e fixed into a
handle.
157 Other
mea
ns, at min
imum, include
s blunt weapo
ns, objects use
d as weapons,
bow and arrow
, crossbow, thr
owing weapo
ns/objects, ex
plosives, hand
or fist weapo
ns, martial art
s weapons no
t amoun
ting to a knife
or sharp obje
ct. 158 The
weapon used
by the perpet
rator is not ide
ntified.
159 Pri
vate
res
iden
tial
pre
mis
es (house
/ private dwe
lling), at minim
um, is real esta
te owned, ren
ted, or leased
by a person.
160 Instit
utio
nal c
are settin
gs includes hos
pitals, psychia
tric facilities,
residential car
e/retirement
homes, reman
d homes and o
ther institutio
nal care facilit
ies. 161 Oth
er c
omm
erci
al o
r pu
blic
non
-res
iden
tial p
rem
ises
includes busi
ness premises
open to the p
ublic (retail st
ores, cafés and
restaurants, c
lubs, banks, se
rvice stations,
malls, etc.); b
usiness
premises not
open to the pu
blic (office bu
ildings, wareh
ouses, produc
tion facilities, c
onstruction s
ites, machine
parks, farm la
nd, etc.); publ
ic non-residen
tial premises o
pen to the pub
lic (museums,
librarie
s, public servi
ces, etc.); and
other public n
on-residential
premises not
open to the p
ublic (governm
ent offices, pu
blic works, mi
litary installa
tions, etc.).
162 Hate
crim
e is a crime in
which the vic
tim is specifica
lly targeted be
cause of their
characteristic
s, ascribed att
ributes, ascrib
ed beliefs or v
alues such as
race, religion,
ethnic origin,
sexual orienta
tion and disab
ility, amongst o
thers. Victim’s
characteristic
s or ascribed a
ttributes or a
scribed beliefs
or values as d
efined in footn
ote 76 and 77
. Hate crimes i
nclude crimes
motivated by
Racism and Ho
mophobia. Ge
nder-based cr
imes and crime
s with an expl
icit or implicit
political agen
da should be e
xcluded.
Ra
cial
dis
crim
inat
ion, at m
inimum, is any
distinction, ex
clusion, restri
ction or prefe
rence based on
race, colour, d
escent, or nati
onal or ethnic
origin which
discourages o
r prevents equ
al recogn
ition, enjoyme
nt or exercise o
f human right
s and fundame
ntal freedoms
in the politica
l, economic, so
cial, cultural o
r any other fie
ld of public life
. (United Natio
ns. Internation
al Convention
on the Elim
ination of All F
orms of Racia
l Discriminatio
n. 1969. Web:
<http://www
.ohchr.org/EN
/Professional
Interest/Page
s/CERD.asp&x
gt).
Hom
opho
bia, at m
inimum, is any
distinction, ex
clusion, restric
tion or prefer
ence based on
sexual orient
ation which di
scourages or
prevents equa
l recognition,
enjoyment or e
xercise of hum
an rights a
nd fundamenta
l freedoms in t
he political, ec
onomic, social
, cultural or an
y other field o
f public life. (U
nited Nations.
International
Convention o
n the Eliminat
ion of All Form
s of Racial
Discrimination
. 1969. Web: <
http://www.o
hchr.org/EN/P
rofessionalInt
erest/Pages/C
ERD.asp&xgt)
. 163 Gen
der refer
s to the sociall
y constructed
roles, behavio
urs, activities,
and attribute
s that a given s
ociety conside
rs appropriate
for men and w
omen. (World
Health Organ
ization. Gende
r, W
omen
an
d he
alth
. Web: <http:/
/www.who.in
t/gender/wha
tisgender/en/
>.). 164 Inte
rper
sona
l con
flict
refers to the d
issonances tha
t occur when
human/social
relationships
come under st
rain (including
from fiction d
ue to social and
cultural norm
s). 165 Poli
tica
l age
nda, at m
inimum, is the
set of issues l
aid out by ide
ological or pol
itical groups t
hat tries to inf
luence curren
t and near-fut
ure political n
ews and deba
te.
100
VICT
IM D
ISAG
GREG
ATIO
NS
SV –
Sex
of v
ictim
166
STV
– Ag
e st
atus
vic
tim
Cit –
Citi
zens
hip16
7 LS
– L
egal
stat
us o
f vic
tim16
8
1. Male
2. Female
3. Not applicab
le 4. Not k
nown 1. Mino
r 2. Adul
t 3. Not a
pplicable
4. Not known
1. National citi
zen 2. Fore
ign citizen
3. Not applicab
le 4. Not k
nown 1. Natu
ral person16
9
1a. Private i
ndividual17
0 1b. P
ublic official17
1
2. Legal entity
172
2a. Private e
ntity173
2b. Public
entity174
3. Other entity
4. Not k
nown
AV –
Age
of v
ictim
Vi
P –
Vict
im-p
erpe
trat
or re
latio
nshi
p
Int –
Vic
tim w
as in
toxi
cate
d w
ith
cont
rolle
d dr
ugs o
r oth
er p
sych
oact
ive
subs
tanc
es
ES –
Eco
nom
ic se
ctor
1. 0-14
2. 15-29
3. 30-44
4. 45-59
5. 60+ 6. Not known
1. Current inti
mate partner/
spouse
2. Former intim
ate partner/sp
ouse 3. Bloo
d relative
4. Other house
hold member
5. Friend
6. Acquaintanc
e 7. Colle
ague/work rel
ationship
8. Authority/c
are relationshi
p (doctor
, nurse, police
, etc.) 9. Othe
r offender kno
wn to victim
10. Offender un
known to vict
im 11. Rel
ationship not k
nown
1. Alco
hol 2. Illici
t drugs
3. Both
4. Other
5. Not applicab
le 6. Not k
nown Sectors
A-U in ISIC Re
v. 4175
166 Sex refers
to the biologic
al and physio
logical charac
teristics that d
efine men and
women. (Wo
rld Health Org
anization. Wh
at do we mean
by “sex” and “g
ender.”
Web: http://w
ww.who.int/g
ender/whatis
gender/en/
167 Citize
nshi
p means the
particular lega
l bond betwee
n an individua
l and his or he
r State, acquir
ed by birth or
naturalisation
, whether by d
eclaration, ch
oice, marriage
or other mea
ns according t
o nationa
l legislation.
168 Legal
sta
tus is a st
atus of an ind
ividual, comp
any or other e
ntity defined
by law.
169 A natu
ral p
erso
n is a human b
eing as disting
uished in law
from a legal p
erson.
170 A priv
ate
indi
vidu
al is a na
tural person w
ho is not a pu
blic official.
171 A publ
ic o
ffici
al is any
natural perso
n who perform
s a public func
tion or provid
es a public ser
vice as define
d in domestic
law. This value
should be use
d only when t
he victim is a
public official
who ex
perienced the
crime while ex
erting his/he
r public funct
ion. 172 A le
gal e
ntit
y is either a p
rivate or a pub
lic entity.
173 A priv
ate
enti
ty is a law
ful association
, corporation,
partnership, p
roprietorship,
trust or indiv
idual that has t
he capacity to
enter into agre
ements or con
tracts, assume
obligations a
nd be accoun
table for illega
l activities.
174 A publ
ic e
ntit
y is a federal, s
tate or local g
overnment dep
artment, instit
ution or agenc
y. 175 Inte
rnational Stan
dard Industria
l Classification
of All Econom
ic Activities, R
ev 4.
101
PERP
ETRA
TOR
DISA
GGRE
GATI
ON
S
SP –
Sex
of p
erpe
trat
or
STP
– Ag
e st
atus
of p
erpe
trat
or
Cit –
Citi
zens
hip
LS –
Leg
al st
atus
of p
erpe
trat
or
Rec
– Re
peat
offe
nder
/rec
idiv
ist17
6
1. Male
2. Female
3. Not applicab
le 4. Not k
nown 1. Mino
r 2. Adul
t 3. Not a
pplicable
4. Not known
1. National citi
zen 2. Fore
ign citizen
3. Not applicab
le 4. Not k
nown 1. Natu
ral person16
9 1a. P
rivate individu
al170
1b. Public o
fficial171
2. Legal entity
172
2a. Private e
ntity173
2b. Public e
ntity174
3. Other entity
4. Not k
nown
1. Recidivist
2. Non-recidiv
ist 3. Not a
pplicable
4. Not known
AP –
Age
of p
erpe
trat
or
ViP
– Vi
ctim
-per
petr
ator
re
latio
nshi
p
Int –
Per
petr
ator
was
into
xica
ted
with
con
trol
led
drug
s or o
ther
ps
ycho
activ
e su
bsta
nces
EAST
– E
cono
mic
act
ivity
stat
us o
f pe
rpet
rato
r
1. 0-14
2. 15-29
3. 30-44
4. 45-59
5. 60 6. Not known
1. Current inti
mate partne
r/spouse
2. Former intim
ate partne
r/spouse
3. Blood relati
ve 4. Othe
r household m
ember 5. Frien
d 6. Acqu
aintance
7. Colleague/w
ork relationsh
ip 8. Auth
ority/care rela
tionship
(doctor, nurse
, police, etc.)
9. Other offen
der known to
victim 10. Offender un
known to vict
im 11. Rel
ationship not k
nown
1. Alco
hol 2. Illici
t drugs
3. Both
4. Other
5. Not applicab
le 6. Not k
nown 1. Depe
ndent employm
ent 2. Self-
employment (
with no
dependent em
ployees)
3. Employer (
with dependen
t employ
ees) 4. Unem
ployed
5. Student/ap
prentice
6. Housekeepe
r 7. Retir
ed/disabled
8. Not known
DATA
DES
CRIP
TIO
NS/
INCL
USI
ON
S
Th – Thre
ats included17
7
AA – Aidin
g/abetting/ac
cessory includ
ed178
Ac
– Accomplice
included17
9
CP – Cons
piracy/plannin
g included18
0
In –
Incitement to c
ommit crime
included18
1
176 Perpetrator
was a repeat
offender/recid
ivist. 177 Thr
eat as defined
in 02012.
178 Aidin
g, a
bett
ing
and
acce
ssor
y refers to no
t being presen
t when the cri
me was comm
itted, but havi
ng knowledge
of the crime b
efore or after
the event, and
may assist in i
ts commission
through
advice, action
s or financial s
upport.
179 Accom
plic
e refers to bei
ng present dur
ing the comm
itted crime an
d assisting in
its commission
through advic
e, actions or fi
nancial suppo
rt. 180 Con
spir
acy as de
fined in 08064
. 181 Inci
tem
ent t
o co
mm
it a
cri
me
is provoking u
nlawful behav
iour or convin
cing a person t
o behave unla
wfully.
102
Tabl
e: II
I
Addi
tiona
l disa
ggre
gatio
ns o
f int
entio
nal h
omic
ide
(I): S
ituat
iona
l con
text
SITU
ATIO
NAL
CO
NTE
XT O
F IN
TEN
TIO
NAL
HO
MIC
IDE
Hom
icid
e re
late
d to
ot
her c
rimin
al
activ
ities
182
Homicide rela
ted to organiz
ed criminal gro
ups or gang
s Homici
de related to o
rganized crimi
nal groups
The victim or
perpetrator w
as a member o
f an organized
criminal
group/gang, o
r homicide oc
curs in a fashi
on related to o
rganized
criminal grou
ps/gangs
Homicide rela
ted to gangs
Homicide rela
ted to other
criminal activi
ties Homici
de related to r
obbery
Homicide may
be perpetrate
d in order to ac
complish the
original
crime and/or a
void detection
. Homicide doe
s not represen
t the primar
y goal of the cr
iminal act
Homicide perp
etrated during
the commission
of anothe
r criminal offe
nce In
terp
erso
nal
hom
icid
e183
Intimate part
ner/family mem
ber Homici
de perpetrated
by an intimat
e partner or fa
mily member
according to t
he classificati
on by relation
ship between
victim and
perpetrator. T
his includes h
omicide perpe
trated by an (
ex-) partne
r/(ex-)spouse
, a family mem
ber other than
a partner/spo
use; infanti
cide and parri
cide Other i
nterpersonal
homicide
Homicide perp
etrated on per
sons other tha
n intimate par
tners or
family membe
rs. This includ
es, for examp
le, killings rel
ated to
neighbour dis
putes or prope
rty disputes, re
venge-related
killings, or
random and se
emingly unpr
ovoked acts of
killing rangin
g from brawls
to killin
g sprees
Soci
o-po
litic
al
hom
icid
e
Homicide rela
ted to social pr
ejudice
Homicide as a
result of viole
nce against sp
ecific social gr
oups, includi
ng hate crime
(crime in whi
ch the victim
is specifically
targeted
because of his
or her charac
teristics, ascri
bed attributes
, ascribed
beliefs or valu
es). Social prej
udice is discri
mination due t
o the victim's
charac
teristics, attrib
utes, beliefs or
values. Chara
cteristics and
attributes incl
ude sex, gende
r, sexual orien
tation, age, lan
guage, ethnic
origin, disabil
ity and/or rac
e. Beliefs or va
lues, at minim
um, include
religious belie
fs and/or econ
omic and soci
al views
Homicide rela
ted to political
agendas
Intentional ho
micide related
to political ag
endas, includi
ng killings by
terrorist grou
ps with a polit
ical agenda, po
litical assassin
ation, and
targeted killin
g of journalists
for political re
asons. A polit
ical agenda is
a set of values
, beliefs or iss
ues that are ad
vocated by a p
olitical or
ideological org
anization
Homicide rela
ted to civil unr
est184
Intentional ho
micides in a s
ituation of civ
il unrest
Homicide rela
ted to other so
cio-political a
gendas
This includes,
for example, h
omicide throu
gh mob violen
ce and vigilan
tism, unlawfu
l killings by th
e police, excess
ive use of forc
e by law en
forcement offi
cers and extra
judicial killing
s
182 Inte
ntional homic
ide committed
in relation to
other crimina
l activities tha
t are aimed, d
irectly or indi
rectly, at obta
ining illicit pr
ofits. 183 Hom
icide is a mean
s of resolving
a conflict and
/or punishing
the victim. It i
s not instrume
ntal to the acc
omplishment
of a secondary
goal. 184 Civi
l unr
est refers
to a situation
of collective vi
olent hostilitie
s between tw
o or more part
ies within a co
untry that do
not amount to
an internal ar
med conflict.
103
Tabl
e: IV
Ad
ditio
nal d
isagg
rega
tions
of i
nten
tiona
l hom
icid
e (II
): Re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n vi
ctim
and
per
petr
ator
RELA
TIO
NSH
IP B
ETW
EEN
VIC
TIM
AN
D PE
RPET
RATO
R O
F IN
TEN
TIO
NAL
HO
MIC
IDE
Intim
ate
part
ner o
r fa
mily
m
embe
r (IP
FM)
Intimate part
ner Curren
t spouse or int
imate partner
(cohabitating
or non-cohab
itating partne
r or boyfrie
nd/girlfriend)
Curren
t spouse or co
habitating
partner
Spouse
Cohabitating p
artner Curren
t non-cohabita
ting partner (
boyfriend/girl
friend but not
marrie
d) Forme
r spouse or int
imate partner
(cohabitating
or non-cohab
itating partne
r or boyfrie
nd/girlfriend)
Forme
r spouse or co
habitating
partner
Former spous
e Forme
r cohabitating
partner
Former non-c
ohabitating pa
rtner (boyfrie
nd/girlfriend
but not
married)
Family memb
er Blood r
elative
Parent
Child Other blood re
lative Cohabi
tating blood re
lative Non-co
habitating blo
od relative
Other househo
ld member18
5 or rela
tive by
marriage or a
doption
O
ther
pe
rpet
rato
r kn
own
to th
e vi
ctim
Friend/acqua
intance
Friend
Acquai
ntance
Colleag
ue/business o
r work
relationship
Authority/car
e relationship
(doctor
/nurse/teach
er/police/p
ublic official, c
lergy, etc.)
Other perpetra
tor known to t
he victim
Perp
etra
tor
unkn
own
to
the
vict
im
Perpetrator u
nknown to the
victim
185 Other hous
ehold members
include perso
ns living in the
same househo
ld as the victim
.
104
Tabl
e: V
Ad
ditio
nal d
isagg
rega
tions
of i
nten
tiona
l hom
icid
e (II
I): M
echa
nism
of k
illin
g
Thi
s cl
assi
fica
tion
is b
uilt
by a
ggre
gatin
g ca
uses
of
deat
h by
ass
ault
as
spec
ifie
d by
WH
O I
nter
nati
onal
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
of D
isea
ses
(IC
D-1
0).
The
lett
ers
and
num
bers
in b
rack
ets
refe
r to
thei
r ap
pear
ance
in th
e IC
D-1
0.
MEC
HAN
ISM
OF
KILL
ING
Atta
ck w
ith fi
rear
ms o
r exp
losiv
es
Firearm
Handgun disch
arge (X93)
Rifle, shotgun
and larger fir
earm discharg
e (X94)
Other and uns
pecified firear
m discharge (X
95) Explos
ives (X96)
At
tack
with
ano
ther
wea
pon
Sharp object (X
99) Blunt o
bject (Y00)
Other object u
sed as a weap
on (including
deliberately h
itting or runni
ng over with a
motor vehicle
(Y03))
Atta
ck w
ithou
t a w
eapo
n
Hanging, stran
gulation or su
ffocation (X91
) Drown
ing or submer
sion (X92)
Pushing from
a high place (
Y01) Pushin
g or placing vic
tim before mo
ving object (Y0
2) Bodily
force Bodily
force (hitting o
r kicking) (Y04
) Sexual
assault (Y05)
Oth
er
Drugs and che
mical substan
ces In
clud
ing:
Assaul
t with drugs, m
edicaments an
d biological su
bstances (X85
) Assaul
t with corrosiv
e substance (X
86) Assaul
t with pesticid
es (X87)
Assault with g
ases and vapo
urs (X88)
Assault with o
ther specified
chemicals an
d noxious subs
tances (X89)
Assault with u
nspecified che
mical or noxio
us substance (
X90) Other
Incl
udin
g:
Fire, flames or
smoke (X97)
Steam, hot va
pours or hot o
bjects (X98)
Neglect and a
bandonment (
Y06) Other m
altreatment s
yndromes (Y07
) Assaul
t by other spec
ified means (Y
08) As
saul
t by
unsp
ecifi
ed m
eans
(Y09
)
105
Annex 1: Data comparability, reporting rates and counting rules Three main factors affect the interpretation and comparability of administrative data on crime: 1. the way crime is defined and classified 2. the proportion of crime detected or reported to the authorities 3. the way crime is recorded and counted. Defining and classifying crime As explained earlier (see Introduction), administrative data on crime are usually compiled according to national legislations and concepts, which determines lack of international comparability. The application of the consistent set of definitions contained in the ICCS can ensure that data on crime within the same category will refer to the same underlying phenomenon (the same criminal act), irrespective of differences in national laws. The implementation of the ICCS at the national level will also improve, among other things, the comparison of state responses and trends over time for the same categories of crime. Reporting and detecting crime The interpretation and comparison of administrative data on crime are also affected by differences and changes in the portion of crime actually recorded by public authorities of the “total’’ crime that occurs over a period of time. For example, when examining data on police-recorded offences, it should always be kept in mind that the share of undetected and unrecorded crime (the “dark figure of crime’’) is often substantial. Crime victimization surveys, which collect information on crime experienced by the target population, can provide information on the “real’’ prevalence of crime experienced within a certain population, including data on the percentage of crime reported to the police or other authorities. A common pattern found across victimization surveys is that reporting rates can vary substantially over time and between countries depending on factors such as the capacity of law enforcement authorities to respond to crime and the trust placed in them when reporting crime. Recording and counting crime The third major factor that affects the interpretation and comparability of crime statistics is the way that crimes are recorded and counted by different institutions and jurisdictions. For example, a national police institution that records an offence upon the completion of an investigation will typically record fewer crimes than another police institution recording and counting offences when it is first informed about the offence. The former police institution will in fact accumulate more evidence than an institution that records an offence during the initial stages of the investigation but, ceteris paribus, it will also record fewer crimes as many suspected criminal events may not turn out to be substantiated by the evidence.
106
In particular, the following elements will affect overall counts of crime and thus confound data comparisons across and within countries: the moment when data are collected for inclusion in crime statistics: Criminal justice institutions can collect data from different stages of their respective criminal justice process. For example, ‘‘input statistics’’ refer to data being collected at the time the offence is first reported to authorities; on the other hand, ‘’output statistics’’ refer to data being collected after the offence has been investigated; the counting unit used in the statistics: typically, each criminal justice institution uses counting units based on its own operational requirements. Police may use charges, suspects, victims and incidents, while courts may use cases, convictions and sentences. Linking data across institutions would require the use of the same counting units (such as persons suspected and persons convicted); the application of a principal offence rule:186 countries that apply the principal offence rule only record the most serious offence if simultaneous offences are committed; others record each offence separately, which results in a higher count of recorded crimes;187 the way in which an offence committed by more than one person is counted: depending on the counting unit, one unit of count can contain more than one perpetrator or victim. A court case may consist of multiple perpetrators but then be reported as one case, while the police may record each perpetrator rather than the case or committed offence; the way in which multiple offences are counted:188 if one person is suspected of a series of homicides, they can be recorded as one homicide suspect or multiple homicide suspects. Issues related to counting rules are not directly related to the definition and classification of crime
per se and consequently are outside the scope of the ICCS. The ICCS thus does not provide direction on which counting rules are to be applied when collecting data. On the whole, experience shows that there is a wide variety of counting rules applied in the recording of crime and criminal justice data, which have often grown historically and are deeply ingrained in national recording systems. In some cases, the concrete application of counting rules depends on the technical capacity of data producers in recording and aggregating data. Countries that have to rely on paper-based crime records may face particular challenges in implementing complex counting rules. For these reasons, the harmonization of counting rules is best treated at a later stage and separately from the structure and application of the ICCS. UNODC aims to pursue further work related to counting rules and provide guidance on standards and good practices in this area. Pending widely agreed standards on the appropriate rules for recording and counting crime, it is imperative to provide exhaustive metadata on all crime and criminal justice data that facilitate their correct interpretation. 186 “Principal offence rule" means that when more than one offence is committed simultaneously, only the most serious offence is recorded. For example, when it appears that a homicide and robbery have been committed simultaneously, under a principal offence rule, only the most serious offence (homicide) would be recorded. 187 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Forum on Crime and Society. Special issue “Collecting crime data indicators and measurement.” Volume 7. Page 81. 2008. New York, New York. Print. 188 Aebi, M. F. 2008, “Measuring the Influence of Statistical Counting Rules on Cross-National Differences in Recorded Crime”, in HEUNI, Crime and Criminal Justice Systems in Europe and North America 1994-2005, no. 55, pp. 196-214, Helsinki 2008.
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Annex 2: Alphabetical index
A Abandonment of an elderly person requiring care 020612 Abduction by another family member 020212 Abduction by a legal guardian 020213 Abduction of a minor 02021 Aborting a foetus against abortion regulations 0106 Abortion offences as defined by national legislation 0106 Abuse of authority 07033 Abuse of functions 07033 Abuse of official position 07033 Abuse of public office 07033 Access by deception 0501 Access to a computer system without right 09031 Acid attacks 020111 Active bribery 070311 Active bribery of a foreign public official and of an official of a public international organization 070311 Active bribery of a public official 070311 Acts against the king or royal family 0904 Acts against animals 10091 Acts against collective bargaining 08081 Acts against commercial or financial regulations 08042 Acts against computer systems 0903 Acts against freedom of expression 08031 Acts against health and safety 0902 Acts against health and safety at work 09021 Acts against liberty 0202 Acts against liberty or human dignity associated with armed conflict 110134 Acts against property involving violence or threat against a person 04 Acts against property only 05 Acts against public order behavioural standards 0801 Acts against public order sexual standards 0802 Acts against public order, authority, and provisions of the State 08 Acts against public revenue provisions 08041 Acts against public safety and security 09 Acts against regulations on betting 08043 Acts against state security 0904 Acts against the justice system 0806 Acts against the natural environment 10 Acts against trade regulations, restrictions or embargoes 08042
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Acts causing alarm or distress outside of the workplace 020819 Acts causing harm or intending to cause harm to the person 02 Acts contrary to labour law 0808 Acts contrary to public revenue or regulatory provisions 0804 Acts contrary to youth regulations and acts on minors 1102 Acts intended to unduly influence voters at elections 08071 Acts involving controlled drugs or other psychoactive substances 06 Acts involving fraud, deception, or corruption 07 Acts involving proceeds of crime 0704 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste 1002 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste across national borders 10022 Acts involving the movement or dumping of waste within national borders 10021 Acts involving weapons, explosives, and other destructive materials 0901 Acts leading to death or intending to cause death 01 Acts of forgery/counterfeiting documents 07023 Acts related to democratic elections 0807 Acts related to expressions of controlled social beliefs and norms 08032 Acts related to freedom or control of expression 0803 Acts related to migration 0805 Acts related to an organized criminal group 0905 Acts related to social and religious public order norms and standards 08012 Acts that cause environmental pollution or degradation 1001 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of air 10011 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of soil 10013 Acts that cause the pollution or degradation of water 10012 Acts that endanger health 02071 Acts that result in the depletion or degradation of natural resources 1004 Acts that trespass against the person 0211 Acts under universal jurisdiction 1101 Adoption fraud 020291 Adulteration of food or medicine 02071 Adultery 08029 Affray 08011 Aggravated assault 020111 Aiding and abetting 08061 Air pollution 10011 Animal ownership or welfare offences (not amounting to wildlife trade offences) 10091 Apostasy 080321 Arson 0504 Assault 02011 Assault with a weapon 020111 Assaults and threats 0201 Assisting suicide 01041
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Assisting suicide or instigating suicide 0104 Attacking or bombarding towns, villages, dwellings or buildings that are undefended and are not military objectives 110132 Attempt to influence a fair trail 08061 Attempt to inflict death as a result of terrorist activities 0102 Attempted femicide 0102 Attempted infanticide 0102 Attempted intentional homicide 0102 Attempted murder 0102 Avoiding payment for services 05026 B Bag snatching not amounting to robbery 050221 Bag snatching with force 040111 Banditry 0401 Bank fraud 070112 Battery 020111 Begging 08012 Bestiality 08029 Betting and gambling offences 08043 Bigamy 08029 Blasphemy 080321 Bodily injury leading to death when no serious harm was intended 01031 Bonded labour 02031 Breach of bail conditions 08062 Breach of court order 08062 Breach of domestic violence or other restraining order 08062 Breach of justice order 08062 Breach of parole 08062 Breach of probation 08062 Breaking and entering 0501 Breaking and entering business premises 05011 Breaking and entering public premises 05013 Breaking and entering residential premises 05012 Breaking, entering, and stealing from hotel rooms or other rented premises 05012 Breaking, entering, and stealing from residential premises 05012 Breeding of dangerous animals 10032 Bribery 07031 Bribery in the private sector 07031 Bribery of foreign national public officials and officials of public international organizations 07031 Bribery of national public officials 07031 Bullying in the workplace 020811 Bullying outside the workplace 020819
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Burglary 0501 Burglary of a shed/garage 05012 Burglary of business premises 05011 Burglary of premises that cannot be identified as public, private or business premises 05019 Burglary of public premises 05013 Burglary of private residential premises 05012 Burglary of non-permanent private residences 050122 Burglary of permanent private residences 050121 C Calumny 02091 Carjacking 040121 Carrying or possessing a handgun without a licence 090111 Cattle rustling 04014 Causing a car accident under the influence of alcohol 020721 Causing a car accident under the influence of illicit drugs 020722 Causing death by dangerous driving 010321 Causing death by driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol 010321 Causing death by negligent driving 010321 Causing death through breach of traffic safety rules Causing injury while driving or operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drugs 02072 Causing public nuisance 08012 Cheque/credit card fraud 07011 Child abandonment 020611 Child labour 0808 Child marriage 020292 Child neglect 020611 Child pornography 030221 Child prostitution 030222 Child sex tourism 030229 Child trafficking 0204 Coercion 0205 Collective labour law violations 08081 Commandeering 11012 Committing outrages upon personal dignity (including humiliating and degrading treatment) 110134 Committing rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or any other form of sexual violence associated with armed conflict and constitution a grave breach of the Geneva Conventions 110133 Communicating infectious disease 0902 Competition and insolvency offences 08042 Completed intentional homicide 0101 Computer software piracy 0503
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Computer system damage 090321 Concealment of birth by secretly disposing of the body 0106 Concealment of stolen goods 07049 Concealment or continued retention of the proceeds of crime 07041 Conflict of interest 07039 Conscripting or enlisting child soldiers 110135 Conspiracy 08064 Conspiracy against the State 0904 Conspiracy to murder 0102 Conspiracy to procure or commit illegal abortion 0105 Contempt of court 08062 Contributing to delinquency of minors 11021 Copy rights infringements 0503 Copying computer files without authorization 09033 Corporate manslaughter 01032 Corporate or company offences 08042 Corruption 0703 Counterfeit means of payment other than cash 07021 Counterfeit medicines 07022 Counterfeit pharmaceutical products 07022 Counterfeit product offences 07022 Counterfeit product offences (bags, shoes, medicine, and prescriptions goods) 07022 Counterfeiting a visa 07023 Counterfeiting coins or notes 07021 Counterfeiting means of cash payment 070211 Counterfeiting means of non-cash payment 070222 Counterfeiting means of payment 07021 Counterfeiting stamps or tickets 07021 Creating child pornography 030221 Crime of aggression 11016 Crimes against humanity 11015 Criminal intent 08063 Criminal negligence of pilots, boat captains, and other professional operators of vehicles 02062 Criminal provisions relating to family (excluding violent family offences, child neglect, and abandonment) 0809 Criminal solicitation 08069 Criminal transmission of HIV/AIDS 02071 Criminal trespass 0509 Criminal violation of restrictions on the distribution/selling of alcohol products 060219 Criminal violation of restrictions on the distribution/selling of tobacco products 060222 Criminal violation of restrictions on the procurement of alcohol products 060219 Criminal violation of restrictions on the procurement of tobacco products 060222
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Criminally negligent manslaughter 01032 Cross-border trafficking in waste 10022 Cross-border trafficking in wildlife 100312 Cruelty to pets 10091 Cultural and artistic property offences not amounting to theft or property damage 08049 Cyber-bullying 0208 Cyber-grooming 030223 Cyber-stalking 02082 D Dacoity 0401 Damage of business property 05043 Damage of personal property 05042 Damage of public property 05041 Damage or destruction of cultural monuments 08049 Damage to business property 05043 Damage to personal property 05042 Damaging, deletion, alteration, suppression of computer data 090322 Dangerous acts 0207 Dangerous, nuclear and chemical and substance offences 10019 Death as a result of terrorist activities 0101 Debt bondage 02031 Deception to procure sex 030112 Declaring that no quarter will be given 110131 Defamation or insult 0209 Defamation or insult due to the victim’s ascribed beliefs or values 02092 Defamation or insult due to the victim’s characteristics or ascribed attributes 02091 Defamation or insult to honour and dignity 02099 Deleting computer system files without authorization 090322 Denial of service attack 090321 Deprivation of liberty 02022 Destroy, damage, fabricate or tamper with evidence 08061 Destruction of a grave 02119 Destruction of a private dwelling 05042 Destruction of business property 05043 Destruction of government facilities 05041 Dine and dash 05023 Disclosure of official secrets 0904 Discrimination 02092 Dishonest appropriation 07039 Dishonest conversion 07032 Disorderly conduct 08012 Disturbing religious assemblies 08012
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Domestic labour exploitation 020321 Domestic parental abduction 020211 Doping using controlled substances 06029 Downloading child pornography 030221 Dowry-related killing 0101 Drinking age violations 11021 Drinking age violations or selling alcohol to a minor 11021 Driving and texting 02063 Driving under the influence of alcohol 020721 Driving under the influence of illicit drugs 020722 Drug cultivation for personal consumption 060112 Drug cultivation not for personal consumption 060123 Drug-facilitated rape 030112 Drug-facilitated sexual assault 030121 Drug possession 06011 Drug production 06012 Drug pushing 060131 Drug trafficking 060132 Drug use 06011 Drugging or spiking 020112 E Electoral fraud 08079 Electronic or communication related hijacking 0903 Embezzlement 07032 Embezzlement in the private sector 07032 Embezzlement in the public sector 07032 Employing poison or poisoned weapons 110139 Employing weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare that are of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering 110139 Employment discrimination against a group 02102 Employment discrimination against a person 02101 Employment/labour law offences 0808 Encouraging others to dope 06029 Encouraging others to practice discrimination against a person or group 02109 Encouraging the consumption of controlled drugs 06019 Encouraging the unlawful consumption of alcohol 060219 Encouraging the unlawful use of tobacco products 060229 Escape from custody 08062 Escape from house arrest 08062 Euthanasia 0105 Exhibitionism 08029 Express kidnapping 020221
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Extortion of persons, businesses, or institutions 02051 Extortion or blackmail 02051 Extrajudicial killings 0101 F Facilitating a drug trafficking operation 060121 Failure to appear before court or comply with jury summons 08061 Failure to offer aid leading to death 0109 Failure to offer aid to an injured person 02069 Failure to protect the health and well-being of flora and fauna 1009 Failure to provide for the needs of a servant/apprentice 020619 Failure to report a crime 08061 False accounting 07019 False claims fraud not amounting to medical fraud 070111 False imprisonment 020222 False representation of identity or professional status 07019 Falsifying, obliterating, removing or altering markings on a firearm 090119 Fare evasion 05026 Feigning commission of a crime 08061 Female genital mutilation 020111 Femicide 0101 Financial fraud 07011 Financial fraud against natural or legal persons 070112 Financial fraud against the State 070111 Financing terrorism 09062 Financing terrorist groups 09062 Firework offences 090119 Force or threat of force used to steal during the course of a residential burglary 040112 Forced abortion 0106 Forced begging 020329 Forced disappearance 020222 Forced domestic labour 020321 Forced labour 02032 Forced labour for domestic services 020321 Forced labour for industrial services 020322 Forced labour for the State or armed forces 020323 Forced labour in agriculture, construction, manufacturing, entertainment, fisheries, sweatshops, farms 020322 Forced marriage 020292 Forced sterilization 020111 Forcible entry and occupation 0509 Forcing a child to witness a sexual act or to view pornography 030229 Forgery/counterfeiting 0702
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Forging a visa 07023 Forging or counterfeiting documents 07023 Forging or counterfeiting passports 07023 Forging signatures 07023 Forming a militia 0909 Forming groups with the intention of committing acts under universal jurisdiction 11019 Fraud 0701 Fraudulent failure to supply consumer goods 07019 Fraudulent insolvency 08042 Fraudulently making or altering non-cash forms of payment 070219 Fraudulently making or altering notes and coins 070211 Fraudulently making, receiving, obtaining or possessing instruments, articles, computer programs and other means of counterfeiting or altering non-cash forms of payment 070212 Fraudulent making, receiving, obtaining or possessing instruments, articles, computer programs and other means of counterfeiting or altering notes and coins 070211 Fraudulently making, receiving, obtaining or possessing instruments, articles, computer programs and other means of counterfeiting or altering documents 07023 Fraudulent pretence of marriage 07019 G Genocide 11014 Giving alcohol to an intoxicated person 06021 Giving false information 08061 Giving false testimony/perjury 08061 Glorification of violence 080322 Graffiti 0504 Grave digging 02119 Gross indecency with a child 030229 Gross negligent acts in the performance of professional duty 02062 Gross negligent conduct of medical procedures 02062 Gross negligent manslaughter 010322 Group discrimination 02102 H Hacking 09031 Harbouring smuggled migrants 08051 Hate mail 080322 Hate speech 080322 Health and safety at work offences 09021 Hiding a dead body 0909 Hiding or destroying money 07019 Hijacking 020223 Hijacking of an aircraft, car bus, ship or other motor vehicle 020223
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Hindering the functioning of a computer system 090321 Hiring a mercenary 0909 Hiring a person to join an unlawful assembly 08019 Hit and run causing bodily injury 02063 Hit and run causing property damage 0504 Honour killing 0101 Hooliganism 08011 Hostage taking 020222 Housebreaking 05012 Housing discrimination against a group 02102 Housing discrimination against a person 02101 I Identity theft 07019 Ill treatment of animals 10091 Illegal adoption 020291 Illegal brewing of alcohol 06021 Illegal collective teaching of weapons use 09019 Illegal discharge of weapons 090111 Illegal distilling of alcohol 06021 Illegal domestic movement of trafficking of waste 10021 Illegal domestic waste dumping 10021 Illegal feticide 0105 Illegal hunting, fishing, or gathering of wild fauna and flora 10042 Illegal inundation 0504 Illegal logging 10041 Illegal mining 10043 Illegal movement of waste 1002 Illegal restraint 020222 Illegal sand mining 10041 Illegal slash and burn 10041 Illegal traffic in contraband 08044 Illegal trafficking of waste 1002 Illegal use of a motorized land vehicle 050219 Illegal waste dumping 1002 Illicit acts involving drug paraphernalia 06019 Illicit concealment or disguise of property related information 07041 Illicit cooking of controlled drugs 060122 Illicit enrichment 07035 Illicit manufacture of drugs in clandestine laboratories 060122 Illicit manufacture of controlled drugs 060122 Illicit trafficking in cultural property 07042 Impersonation 07019
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Importation/exportation of illicit drugs 060121 Import, export, transport, receiving or obtaining of counterfeit documents with the knowledge that it is counterfeit 07023 Import, export, transport, receiving or obtaining of counterfeit non-cash payment with the knowledge that it is counterfeit 070219 Import, export, transport, receiving or obtaining of counterfeit notes and coins with the knowledge that it is counterfeit 070211 Improper disclosure of market-relevant information 08045 Incest or familial sexual offences not amounting to rape or sexual assault 08029 Incitement to racial hatred 080322 Incitement to terrorism 09069 Individual labour law violations 08082 Industrial espionage not amounting to forgery or counterfeiting 0503 Infanticide 0101 Inflicting bodily harm under aggravating circumstances 020111 Inflicting grievous bodily harm 020111 Inflicting minor bodily harm 020112 Injurious acts of a sexual nature 03 Insider dealing 08045 Instigating suicide through persuasion or other means 01049 Insult of the sovereign, the state, nation or state symbols 0809 Insulting a law enforcement officer 08069 Insulting the court 08069 Insurance fraud 07019 Intellectual property offences 0503 Intentional homicide 0101 Intentional miscarriages and still births 0106 Intentionally attacking buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science or charitable purposes, historic monuments, or hospitals, provided they are not military objectives 110132 Intentionally causing damage that is excessive in relation to direct military advantage 110132 Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare 110131 Interception of computer data without right 09033 Interfering with mail 02111 International parental abduction 020211 Invasion of privacy 02111 Invasion of private computer files 02111 Invasion of solitude or private concerns 02111 Investment fraud 070112 Investment or stock/shares offences 08042 Involuntary euthanasia 0105 Involuntary manslaughter 01031 Involuntary servitude 02031 Issuing, handling, or dealing in forged or altered prescription offences 06019 Ivory trafficking 10031
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J Joining an unlawful assembly 08019 Joyriding 050212 K Keeping, managing, or knowingly financing a brothel 03021 Keeping, managing, or knowingly financing a brothel for child prostitution 030222 Kidnapping 020221 Killing associated with armed conflict amounting to war crime 11013 Killing by a combatant which is considered a criminal offence in the national legislation (and is prosecuted as such) but does not amount to a war crime 0107 Killing during armed conflict considered intentional homicide 0101 Killing or wounding a combatant who has laid down arms and surrendered 110131 Killing or wounding treacherously individuals belonging to the hostile nation or army 110131 Killings caused by excessive use of force by law enforcement/state officials 0101 Knowingly letting or renting a building or other place for the purpose of child prostitution 030222 Knowingly letting or renting a building or other place for the purpose of the prostitution of others 03021 L Larceny of a car, van, or truck 050211 Leaving without payment 05023 Libel 02091 Litter offences 08012 Loitering 08012 Long-term and severe damage or destruction of the natural environment 110132 Looting 0409 Luring a child 030229 M Making contact with a child in person to expose them gradually to sexually explicit material 030223 Making contact with a child through the internet and exposing them to sexually explicit material 030223 Maltreatment through physical abuse or mental cruelty 0219 Manipulating market transactions 08045 Manslaughter caused by negligence 01032 Manufacture, production or trafficking of chemical, biological or radio-active materials 090123 Manufacture, production or trafficking of prohibited weapons of explosives 090122 Manufacturing and trafficking of firearms, parts, components and ammunition 090121 Manufacturing products that present a risk to health and safety 0902 Market manipulation or insider trading 08045 Medical fraud or quackery not amounting to malpractice or medical negligence 07019 Medical negligence in prescriptions 02062
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Menacing phone calls not amounting to stalking 020819 Military service offences not amounting to war crimes 0904 Minimum wage offences 0808 Minor assault 020112 Minor threat 020122 Misappropriation 07032 Misuse of cultural heritage 08049 Misuse of market-relevant information 08045 Mobbing in the workplace 020811 Mobbing outside the workplace 020819 Money laundering 07041 Moonshining 06021 Mortgage fraud 070112 Mugging 040111 Murder 0101 Mutilation of a dead body 02119 N Necrophilia 08029 Neglect of a child under care 020611 Neglect of an adult person under care 020612 Neglect of elderly persons 020612 Negligence in situations of children under care 020611 Negligence in situations of other dependent persons under care 020612 Negligence in situations of persons under care 02061 Negligence related to driving a vehicle 02063 Negligence related to family 020619 Negligence related to the duty to exercise care while operating a motor vehicle 02063 Negligence 0206 Negligent driving or operation of a vehicle 02063 Negligent manslaughter 01032 Negligent pedestrian offences 02069 Nepotism 07033 Noise complaints 08012 Non-consensual sexual penetration without physical force 030112 Non-injurious traffic violations 0907 Non-intentional homicide 0103 Non-negligent manslaughter 01031 Non-sexual harassment 02081 Non-vehicular homicide 010322 Non-voluntary euthanasia 0105 Not declaring a birth to the authorities 0809 Not giving a child one has found 0809
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O Obscene material 08022 Obstruction of justice 08061 Obtaining goods by fraud 07019 Obtaining or possessing prohibited or unregistered materials 090113 Obtaining or using explosives without a permit 090112 Offences against government security or operations 0904 Offences under industrial law 0808 Offensive language or behaviour 08012 Offering for sale, distribution, purchase, of controlled drugs or precursors 06013 Offering sexual services for financial or other benefit 08021 Online banking fraud 07011 Operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol 020721 Operating a vehicle under the influence of illicit drugs 02072 Operating a vehicle under the influence of other psychoactive substances 020729 Operating a vehicle under the influence of psychoactive substances 02072 Organizing an unlawful assembly 08019 Organizing or facilitating the unlawful stay of a foreign citizen 08059 Organizing, supervising, or managing a drug distribution enterprise 060121 Other abduction of a minor 020219 Other acts against computer systems 09039 Other acts against health and safety 09029 Other acts against liberty 02029 Other acts against property involving violence against a person 0409 Other acts against property only 0509 Other acts against public administration or regulatory provisions 08049 Other acts against public order behavioural standards 08019 Other acts against public order sexual standards 08029 Other acts against public order, authority, and provisions of the State 0809 Other acts against public safety and state security 0909 Other acts against the justice system 08069 Other acts against the natural environment 1009 Other acts against the natural environment 10092 Other acts causing harm or intending to cause harm to the person 0219 Other acts contrary to youth regulations and acts on minors 11029 Other acts involving controlled drugs or other psychoactive substances 0609 Other acts involving fraud, deception or corruption 0709 Other acts involving proceeds of crime 07049 Other acts leading to death or intending to cause death 0106 Other acts of assisting or instigating suicide 01049 Other acts of burglary 05019 Other acts of coercion 02059
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Other acts of corruption 07039 Other acts of forgery/counterfeiting 07029 Other acts of fraud 07019 Other acts of negligence 02069 Other acts of robbery 04019 Other acts of sexual exploitation 03029 Other acts of theft 05029 Other acts of sexual violence 03019 Other acts of slavery and exploitation 02039 Other acts related to an organized crime group 09059 Other acts related to democratic elections 08079 Other acts related to expressions of controlled social beliefs and norms 080329 Other acts related to freedom or control of expression 08039 Other acts related to migration 08059 Other acts related to possession or use of weapons and explosives 090119 Other acts related to the activities of a terrorist group 09069 Other acts related to trafficking of weapons and explosives 090129 Other acts related to weapons and explosives 09019 Other acts that cause environmental pollution or degradation 10019 Other acts that result in the depletion or degradation of natural resources 10049 Other acts that trespass against the person 02119 Other acts under universal jurisdiction 11014 Other assaults and threats 02019 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified 11 Other criminal acts not elsewhere classified 1109 Other damage of property 05049 Other dangerous acts 02079 Other defamation or insult 02099 Other deprivation of liberty 020229 Other discrimination 02109 Other forced labour 020329 Other injurious acts of a sexual nature 0309 Other motorized vehicle theft 050219 Other negligence in situations of persons under care 020619 Other rape 030119 Other robbery from the person 040119 Other robbery of valuables or goods in transit 040122 Other sexual assault not elsewhere classified 030129 Other sexual exploitation of children 030223 Other theft of a motorized vehicle or parts thereof 050219 Other theft of business property 050239 Other theft of personal property 050229 Other trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna and flora 10039
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Other unlawful acts involving alcohol, tobacco or other controlled substances 06025 Other unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors 06019 Other unlawful production, handling, possession or use of alcohol products 060219 Other unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption 060129 Other war crimes 110139 Owning or occupying the property where the unlawful assembly is held 08019 P Parental abduction 020211 Participation in a terrorist group 09061 Participation in an organized crime group 09051 Participation or membership in a terrorist group 09061 Passive bribery 070312 Passive bribery of a foreign public official and of an official of a public international organization 070312 Passive bribery of a public official 070312 Paying for sexual services of a child 030222 Performing a sexual act in public 08029 Persistently calling a person not amounting to stalking 020819 Personal discrimination 02101 Perverting the course of justice 08061 Pharmaceutical offences 09021 Phone tapping 02111 Physical damage to public property in schools 05041 Physical sexual assault 030121 Physician-assisted suicide not amounting to euthanasia 01041 Pick pocketing 050221 Pillaging 110132 Pimping 03021 Pimping a child 030222 Piracy 011012 Planning to commit a criminal offence 08064 Plundering/pillaging from an unspecified location 0409 Poaching 10042 Poisoning 020111 Pollution through noise, vibration heat, light or radiation 10019 Polygamy 08029 Pornography offences 08022 Possessing other weapons such as gas or explosives or chemical, biological or radio-active materials 09011 Possessing prohibited or unregistered firearms, their parts and components or ammunition 09011 Possessing prohibited or unregistered weapons not amounting to a firearm 090112
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Possession of an article for creation of counterfeit goods or instruments 07022 Possession of an article for the creation of counterfeit means of payment 07021 Possession of child pornography 030221 Possession of dangerous or controlled animals 10032 Possession of items to endanger life 090119 Possession of stolen goods or money 07049 Possession or use of weapons and explosives 09011 Possession, creation, or use of false weights for measure 07019 Possession, use or consumption of tobacco products in prohibited locations 060221 Post-incarceration supervision offences 08062 Preparation to commit a criminal offence 08064 Prevent, threaten or deceive a witness 08061 Price fixing 08045 Prison regulation offence 08069 Private nuisance 020819 Procurement and contractor fraud 070111 Procuring an illegal abortion 0106 Procuring sex under coercion or through abuse of power 030112 Procuring sexual images or other forms of child abuse materials 030221 Procuring sexual services 08021 Procuring, arranging, facilitating or controlling a person for illicit pornography 08022 Production, creating, distribution, dissemination, broadcast, transmission, sale, or possession of illicit pornography 08022 Production, sale, procurement, import, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools 09039 Professional malpractice 02062 Professional negligence 02062 Professional negligence leading to death 010322 Promotion of ethnic, racial, or religious hatred 080322 Propagation, promotion or dissemination of controlled political views or material 080329 Property damage 0504 Property damage by explosion 0504 Proselytism 080321 Prostitution offences 08021 Providing or consuming medicinal or other illegal products used to improve performance in sport 06029 Psychological violence 02089 Public drunkenness 08012 Public Fight 08011 Public health offences 0902 Public indecency 08029 Public mischief 08012 Public transport safety offences 09021 Pushing, slapping, kicking, hitting 020112
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Q Quarantine offences 0902 R Ram raiding 05011 Rape 03011 Rape with force 030111 Rape without force 030112 Receiving, handling, disposing, selling or trafficking stolen goods 07049 Recording transmissions without right within a wireless network 09033 Recruiting, enticing or procuring a child into prostitution 030222 Recruitment of training for terrorism 09069 Resisting arrest 08062 Retail selling of drugs through use of the internet 060131 Riot 08011 Road vehicle licensing, driving, registration, or road worthiness offences 0907 Robbery 0401 Robbery from a person in miscellaneous locations 040119 Robbery from the person 04011 Robbery from the person in a private location 040112 Robbery from the person in a public location 040111 Robbery in or from a railway 040121 Robbery of a bank 040131 Robbery of a business 040132 Robbery of a car or vehicle 040121 Robbery of a financial institution 040131 Robbery of a non-financial institution 040132 Robbery of a post office 040132 Robbery of a security van 040121 Robbery of an ATM 040131 Robbery of an establishment or institution 04013 Robbery of cargo on highways 040122 Robbery of cattle, goats, sheep, chickens or other livestock 04014 Robbery of livestock 04014 Robbery of petrol/gas station 040132 Robbery of property in a vehicle in transit 040121 Robbery of valuables or goods in transit 04012 S Sabotage 0904 Sabotage not amounting to dangerous or negligent acts 0504 Sale of noxious food or drink 02071
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Sanitation offences not amounting to the adulteration of food or selling noxious food or drink 0902 Securities fraud 070112 Sedition 0904 Self-laundering 07041 Selling, offering to sale, distributing, marketing, advertising of illicit drugs or precursors Selling alcohol or tobacco to minors 11021 Selling weapons without a dealer's license or to an unlicensed person 09012 Serious assault 020111 Serious assault leading to death 0101 Serious threat 020121 Servitude 02031 Setting mantraps 02079 Setting up or operating a pyramid scheme 07019 Sex tourism not amounting to child sex tourism 08021 Sexual assault 03012 Sexual assault against a helpless person 03012 Sexual assault against a marital partner against his/her will 03012 Sexual assault by abuse of position 030121 Sexual exploitation 0302 Sexual exploitation of adults 03021 Sexual exploitation of children 03022 Sexual grooming of children 030223 Sexual harassment 030122 Sexual intercourse with a person below the age of consent 030113 Sexual intercourse with a person incapable of consent 030113 Sexual penetration with physical force 030111 Sexual violence 0301 Sexual violence associated with armed conflict 110133 Sexually indecent writing, pictures, or objects 08029 Sharing child pornography 030221 Sharing offensive material 02081 Shop robbery 040132 Shoplifting 050231 Simple assault 020112 Siphoning oil or fuel 050221 Slander 02091 Slavery 02031 Slavery and exploitation 0203 Smoking on aircrafts 060221 Smuggling of goods 08044 Smuggling of migrants offences 08051
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Smuggling ozone depletion substances (ODS) 10092 Sodomy not amounting to injurious acts of a sexual nature 08029 Soil Pollution 10013 Speeding 0907 Spying 0904 Squatting 0509 Stalking 02082 Stalking of a sexual nature 030122 Status offences 11021 Statutory rape 030113 Store card fraud 07011 Street robbery 040111 Subjecting persons to physical mutilation or medical/scientific experiments that are not justified or to the person's interest 110131 Substitution of a child for another child 0809 Swindling 07019 T Taking hostages during an armed conflict 110134 Taking human blood, organs, or tissues by use of violence 020111 Tariff, taxation, duty, and revenue offences 08041 Tax evasion 08041 Taxi robbery 040121 Terrorism 0906 The conversion or transfer of property 07041 The illicit acquisition, possession or use of laundered property 07041 The illicit concealment or disguise of property related information 07041 Theft 0502 Theft by burglary of a dwelling 05012 Theft by conversion 05029 Theft by employees 05023 Theft from a shop 050231 Theft from a vending machine 050239 Theft from garages, sheds, or lockups with no connecting door to a dwelling 050229 Theft from hotels, restaurants, cinemas, theatres, places of entertainment, offices and workshops 050239 Theft of a bicycle 050229 Theft of an electronic device from a vehicle 050222 Theft of a GPS device 050222 Theft of a motorcycle 050211 Theft of a motorized land vehicle 050211 Theft of a motorized land vehicle or parts thereof 05021 Theft of a pet 050229 Theft of a purse from a vehicle 050222
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Theft of boat or aircraft 050219 Theft of boat or aircraft parts 050219 Theft of business property 05023 Theft of business/office supplies by an employee 050239 Theft of car tires, motors, transmissions, windows, etc. 050213 Theft of cows, chickens, sheep, fish, etc. 05025 Theft of electric power, water, or other utility services 05026 Theft of livestock 05025 Theft of mail 05029 Theft of merchandise from a shop 050231 Theft of parts of a motor vehicle 050213 Theft of personal property 05022 Theft of personal property from a person 050221 Theft of personal property from a vehicle 050222 Theft of property outside of the dwelling 050229 Theft of public park equipment 05024 Theft of public property 05024 Theft of services 05026 Theft of television/cable signals 05026 Theft where entry was lawfully gained 05022 Theft with violence 0401 Threat 02012 Threat of a sexual nature 030122 Threaten or intimidate a justice or law enforcement official 08061 Threatening death or serious injury 020121 Threatening minor injury 020122 Threatening minor injury to a family member, friend or another person 020122 Threatening the death or serious injury of a family member, friend, or another person 020121 Torture 11011 Trade in prohibited species 10032 Trade or possession of prohibited or controlled species of fauna or flora 10032 Trade or possession of protected or prohibited species of fauna or flora 1003 Trade or possession of protected species of wild fauna or flora 10031 Trade or possession of protected species within national borders 100311 Trade, trade descriptions, or import/export offences 08042 Trading financial products based on inside information 08045 Trading in influence 07034 Trading medicinal or other illegal products 06029 Traducement 02091 Trafficking in body parts not amounting to TIP for organ removal 02119 Trafficking in persons (TIP) 0204 Trafficking in persons for camel jockeying 02044 Trafficking in persons for commercial sexual exploitation 02041
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Trafficking in persons for committing crimes 02044 Trafficking in persons for domestic work 02042 Trafficking in persons for forced labour or services 02042 Trafficking in persons for forced marriage 02044 Trafficking in persons for indentured servitude 02042 Trafficking in persons for liver removal 02043 Trafficking in persons for organ removal 02043 Trafficking in persons for other purposes 02044 Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation 02041 Trafficking in persons for slavery or similar practices 02042 Trafficking in persons for the exploitation of the prostitution of others 02041 Trafficking in precursor chemicals 060124 Trafficking in wildlife 1003 Trafficking of adults 0204 Trafficking of equipment for illicit manufacture, production or cultivation of controlled drugs 060129 Trafficking of chemical, biological or radioactive materials 090123 Trafficking of firearms 090121 Trafficking of other weapons or explosives 090122 Trafficking of protected species across national borders 100312 Trafficking of weapons and explosives 09012 Treason 0904 U Under-age marriage 11021 Union offences 08081 Unlawful access to a computer system 09031 Unlawful acquisition of housing or land 0509 Unlawful acts involving alcohol, tobacco, or other controlled substances 0602 Unlawful acts involving controlled drugs or precursors 0601 Unlawful appropriation of a copyright 0503 Unlawful appropriation of property 0509 Unlawful censorship 08031 Unlawful confinement during an armed conflict 110134 Unlawful consensual acts between persons of the same sex 08029 Unlawful cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption 060112 Unlawful cultivation of controlled drugs not for personal consumption 060123 Unlawful deportation or transfer during an armed conflict 110134 Unlawful deprivation of liberty 020222 Unlawful destruction or damage to property associated with armed conflict 110132 Unlawful detainment 020222 Unlawful diversion of precursor chemicals 060124 Unlawful diversion of precursors not for personal consumption 060124
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Unlawful entry into a business with intent to commit an offence 05011 Unlawful entry into public property with intent to commit an offence 05013 Unlawful entry into residential premises with intent to commit an offence 05012 Unlawful entry with intent to commit an offence 0501 Unlawful entry/illegal border crossing 08059 Unlawful forms of sexual intercourse 08029 Unlawful interception or access of computer data 09033 Unlawful interference with a computer system 090321 Unlawful interference with a computer system or computer data 09032 Unlawful interference with computer data 090322 Unlawful killing associated with armed conflict 0107 Unlawful killing of civilians by parties to an armed conflict 110131 Unlawfully killing, causing or intending to cause death or serious injury associated with armed conflict 110131 Unlawful labour in labour camps 020323 Unlawful manipulation of the democratic process during elections 08079 Unlawful manufacture of controlled drugs not for personal consumption 060122 Unlawful possession or use of alcohol products 060211 Unlawful possession or use of chemical, biological, or radio-active materials 090113 Unlawful possession, purchase, use, cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption 06011 Unlawful possession, purchase or use of controlled drugs for personal consumption 060111 Unlawful possession or use of firearms 090111 Unlawful possession or use of other weapons or explosives 090112 Unlawful possession or use of tobacco products 060221 Unlawful procurement sale or distribution of glue, solvents or other substances with the potential to abuse by intoxication 02071 Unlawful production, handling, possession or use of alcohol products 06021 Unlawful production, handling, possession or use of tobacco products 06022 Unlawful production, trafficking or distribution of alcohol products 060219 Unlawful production, trafficking or distribution of tobacco products 060222 Unlawful promotion or advertising of alcohol products 060219 Unlawful promotion or advertising of tobacco products 060229 Unlawful restrictions on freedom of art 08031 Unlawful restrictions on freedom of speech 08031 Unlawful return from banishment or exile 08062 Unlawful storage of firearms or explosives 090119 Unlawful trade of possession of wildlife 1003 Unlawful trade or possession of endangered species 100311 Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption 06012 Unlawful trafficking of controlled drugs not for personal consumption 060121 Unlawful use of a dead body 02119 Unlawful use of ozone depletion substances 10092
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Unlawfully employing or housing a foreign citizen 08059 Unlawfully giving, receiving or soliciting a dowry 0809 Unlawfully obtaining or using a weapon without a permit 09011 Unlawfully possessing articles of disguise 08063 Unlawfully possessing instruments used for crime 08063 Unlicensed importing/exporting of weapons 09012 Unlicensed/unregistered practice in a trade or profession 07019 Unwanted groping or fondling 030121 Using a forged document to enter a State 08059 Using forged/counterfeit identity documents 07019 Using stolen parts for producing other goods (car-rebirthing) 07049 Usurpation 0904 V Vagrancy 08012 Vandalism 0504 Vehicular homicide 010321 Vehicular manslaughter 010321 Violating campaign finance laws 08079 Violating compulsory school attendance laws/truancy 11021 Violation of court-imposed sanctions 08062 Violation of driving license regulations 0907 Violation of privacy 02111 Violation of safety regulations 0907 Violation of secrecy of mail 02111 Violation of vehicle registration regulations 0907 Violations against hunting seasons 10091 Violations of norms on intolerance and incitement to hatred 080322 Violations of norms on religious beliefs/views 080321 Violations of obligations towards family 020619 Violent behaviour at sporting events 08011 Violent disorder 08011 Violent public disorder offences 08011 Voluntary manslaughter 0101 Vote buying 08071 Vote coercion 08071 Voyeurism 030129 W Wage and contract offences 08082 Wage discrimination against a group 02102 Wage discrimination against a person 02101 Waging a war or attempting to wage a war against the government not amounting to 0904
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the international crime of aggression War crimes 11013 Water pollution 10012 Wilful killing 110131 Wilfully depriving a prisoner of war or other protected persons of the rights to a fair and regular trial 110134 Wilful damage to a motor vehicle 0504 Wilfully causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health 110131 Wire fraud 07019 Workplace harassment 020811 Wounding 020111 Writing bad cheques 07011 Wrongful dismissal 08082 Wrongful transfer from work 08082 X No entries Y Youth curfew violations 11021 Z No entries
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