Ch. 14 Notes - dix - xdocs.net

ELAINE N. MARIEB

EIGHTH EDITION

14

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University

ESSENTIALSOF HUMAN

ANATOMY& PHYSIOLOGY

PART A

The Digestive System and Body Metabolism


The Digestive System and Body

Metabolism

Functions of digestive system:

Ingestion: Taking in food.

Digestion: Breaking down food physically

and chemically.

Absorption: Absorption of nutrients into

the blood.

Defecation: Ridding the body of

indigestible remains.


Organs of the Digestive System

Figure 14.1


Organs of the Alimentary Canal -a.k.a. gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Anus


Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy Lips (labia) – protect

the anterior opening

Cheeks – form the lateral walls

Hard palate – forms the anterior roof

Soft palate – forms the posterior roof

Uvula – fleshy projection of the soft palate

Figure 14.2a


Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy Vestibule – space

between lips and teeth/gums.

Oral cavity – area contained by the teeth.

Tongue – muscle attached at hyoid and styloid processes of the skull.

Tonsils - Palatine and lingual.

Lingual Frenulum – fold of membrane that secures tongue to floor of mouth.

Figure 14.2a


Processes of the Mouth

Mastication (chewing) of food

Mixing masticated food with saliva

Initiation of swallowing by the tongue

Taste


Pharynx Anatomy

Nasopharynx (not part of the digestive system)

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Figure 14.2a


Pharynx Function

Passageway for air and food

Two muscle layers alternately contract to

propel food (peristalsis):

Longitudinal inner layer

Circular outer layer


Esophagus

Runs from pharynx to stomach

Conducts food by peristalsis

Passageway for food only

Ch. 14 Notes - dix - xdocs.net

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