C I S C O (ISCO-08) | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda

CISCO(ISCO-08)

The Rwanda Classification Manual, 2012 edition

REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS OF RWANDA (NISR)

Customized International Standard Classification for Occupation for Rwanda, 2012

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Foreword

Timely and reliable statistics are considered essential for evidence-based policy and decision-making and for better support to policy implementation, monitoring progress and evaluation of outcomes and impacts of development initiatives such as the Vision 2020 Programme, the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS), and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These initiatives have accordingly resulted in an unprecedented increase in demand for statistics as policy makers and other stakeholders seek information on national development.

One of the major challenges to successful implementation of the Rwanda development agenda lies in the ability to measure progress and to respond to data needs emerging from current national initiatives aimed at promoting economic and social development in the country.

This classification manual is designed to serve as a standard tool for statistical practitioners in their endeavours to produce required statistics on the social, political, and economic situation of Rwanda. The aim of this publication should be to serve as a convenient volume for statistical reference and as a guide to other statistical publication and sources.

This first edition shows now the available codes for the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08), adapted to Rwandan situation.

Users of the Classification Manual are urged to make their information needs known for consideration in planning future editions. We are confident that this Classification Manual will become key guidelines in furnishing a wide range of development information on Rwanda.

Yusuf MURANGWA

Director General

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National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda

Acknowledgements

The Rwanda Customised International Standard classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) was prepared by the National Institute of Statistics (NISR) through a team comprising APELL Derek – Principal Statistician in charge of sampling and classification, Amiina Julius SEIZI Classification Officer in charge of official Statistics and Martin UWITONZE – Intern. The team greatly relied on technical support from other units within NISR as well as the guidance from Mr. Abulata MOHAMMAD - technical advisor to the Director General, NISR. The Team was under the supervision of Dominique HABIMANA, Director of Statistical Methods, research and publication unit, and the overall coordination under the general direction of Yusuf MURANGWA, Director General, NISR.

During the preparation of this manual, NISR relied on cooperation with several Government institutions and Ministries whose contribution is gratefully acknowledged.


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0 Armed forces occupations

Armed forces occupations include all jobs held by members of the armed forces. Members of the armed forces are those personnel who are currently serving in the armed forces, including auxiliary services, whether on a voluntary or compulsory basis, and who are not free to accept civilian employment and are subject to military discipline. Included are regular members of the army, navy, air force and other military services, as well as conscripts enrolled for military training or other service for a specified period.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 01 Commissioned armed forces officers 02 Non-commissioned armed forces officers 03 Armed forces occupations, other ranks

Excluded from this group are: Jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defence issues; Police (other than military police); Customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.

Notes

Many jobs performed by members of the armed forces are similar, in terms of the nature of the work performed, to civilian occupations such as medical doctors, radio operators, cooks, secretaries and heavy truck drivers. Conceptually, it may be appropriate therefore, to classify such jobs in the armed forces with similar civilian jobs. This approach is adopted in several national occupation classifications. Typically such classifications also identify a number of military specific occupational groups. In many countries, however, it is not possible to produce information about the nature of the work performed by members of the armed forces. In adapting ISCO-08 for national purposes countries may wish, therefore, to consider what approach best suits their circumstances and user needs. For purposes of international comparability, however, where data pertaining to members of the armed forces are reported and classified by occupation, they should be included where possible in ISCO-08 major group 0, Armed forces occupations.

01 Commissioned armed forces officersCommissioned armed forces officers provide leadership and management to organisational units in the armed forces and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes all members of the armed forces holding the rank of second lieutenant (or equivalent) or higher.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group:011 Commissioned armed forces officers

Excluded from this group are: Jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defence issues; Police (other than military police); Customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.Notes

011 Commissioned armed forces officersCommissioned armed force officers provide leadership and management to organisational units in the armed forces and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes all members of the armed forces holding the rank of second lieutenant (or equivalent) or higher.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following unit group:0110 Commissioned armed forces officers


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0110 Commissioned armed forces officersCommissioned armed forces officers provide leadership and management to organisational units in the armed forces and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes all members of the armed forces holding the rank of second lieutenant (or equivalent) or higher.Examples of the occupations classified here: Admiral Air commodore Air marshal Brigadier (army) Officer Cadet (armed forces) Captain (air force) Captain (army) Group captain, (air force) Captain (navy) Colonel (army) Navy commander Wing commander Air commodore General (army) Squadron leader Lieutenant (army) Second lieutenant (army) Lieutenant, (army) Lieutenant, flight Major (army) Field marshal Midshipman Flying officer (military) Naval officer (military) Sub lieutenant (navy)


02 Non-commissioned armed forces officersNon-commissioned armed forces officers enforce military discipline and supervise the activities of those employed in Armed forces occupations, other ranks, and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes members of the armed forces holding ranks such as sergeant, warrant officer and sergeant major.Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 021 Non-commissioned armed forces officersExcluded from this group are: Jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defense issues; Police (other than military police); Customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.Notes

021 Non-commissioned armed forces officersNon-commissioned armed forces officers enforce military discipline and supervise the activities of those employed in Armed forces occupations, other ranks, and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces. This group includes members of the armed forces holding ranks such as sergeant, warrant officer and sergeant major.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit group: 0210 Non-commissioned armed forces officers

Excluded from this group are: Jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defense issues; Police (other than military police); Customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.Notes


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03 Armed forces occupations, other ranksArmed forces occupations, other ranks include all conscripted and non-conscripted members of the armed forces except commissioned and non-commissioned officers. They perform specific military tasks and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 031 Armed forces occupations, other ranks


031 Armed forces occupations, other ranks

Armed forces occupations, other ranks include all conscripted and non-conscripted members of the armed forces except commissioned and non-commissioned officers. They perform specific military tasks and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit group:0310 Armed forces occupations, other ranks

Excluded from this group are: Jobs held by persons in civilian employment of government establishments concerned with defense issues; Police (other than military police); Customs inspectors and members of border or other armed civilian services.Notes

0310 Armed forces occupations, other ranks

Armed forces occupations, other ranks include all conscripted and non-conscripted members of the armed forces except commissioned and non-commissioned officers. They perform specific military tasks and/or perform similar tasks to those performed in a variety of civilian occupations outside the armed forces.Examples of the occupations classified here: Airman Bombardier Corporal (air force) Corporal (army) Coxswain (navy) Gunner Infantryman/woman Paratrooper Rifleman/woman Seaman (navy)


1 Managers

Managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organisations, or of organisational units within them, and formulate and review their policies, laws, rules and regulations.

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Tasks performed by managers usually include: Formulating and advising on the policy, budgets, laws and regulations of enterprises, governments and other organisational units; establishing objectives and standards and formulating and evaluating programs and policies and procedures for their implementation; ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to provide budgetary control; authorising material, human and financial resources to implement policies and programs; monitoring and evaluating performance of the organisation or enterprise and of its staff; selecting, or approving the selection of staff; ensuring compliance with health and safety requirements; planning and directing daily operations; representing and negotiating on behalf of the government, enterprise or organisational unit managed in meetings and other forums.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 11 Chief executives, senior officials and legislators 12 Administrative and commercial managers 13 Production and specialised services managers 14 Hospitality, retail and other services managersNotes

11 Chief executives, senior officials and legislators

Chief executives, senior officials and legislators formulate and review the policies and plan, direct coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organisations with the support of other managers

Tasks performed usually include: Presiding over or participating in the proceedings of legislative bodies, boards of directors and committees; formulating and advising on the policy budgets, laws and regulations of enterprises, governments and other organisations; establishing objectives for enterprises, government departments or agencies and other organisations; formulating or approving and evaluating programs and policies and procedures for their implementation; ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to provide budgetary control; authorising material, human and financial resources to implement policies and programs; monitoring and evaluating performance of the organization or enterprise; selecting, or approving the selection of senior staff; performing ceremonial duties and representing the enterprise, government, organisation or community at official occasions and in meetings, negotiations, conventions and public hearings.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 111 Legislators and senior officials 112 Managing directors and chief executivesNotes

111 Legislators and senior officials

Legislators and senior officials determine, formulate, advise on and direct the implementation of policies of national, state, regional or local governments or communities, and of special interest organizations. They make, ratify, amend or repeal laws, public rules and regulations and plan, organize, direct, control and evaluate the overall activities of government departments and agencies, traditional communities and special interest organizations

Tasks performed usually include: Presiding over or participating in the proceedings of legislative bodies and administrative councils of governments, legislative assemblies, local communities and special interest organizations; serving on government administrative boards or official committees; investigating matters of concern to the public and promoting the interests of constituents; formulating and advising on government policy, budgets, laws and regulations; establishing objectives for organizations and formulating or approving and evaluating programs and policies and procedures for their implementation; recommending, reviewing, evaluating and approving documents, briefs and reports submitted; ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to provide budgetary control; allocating the use of communal land and other resources; performing ceremonial duties and representing the government, organization or community at official occasions and in meetings, negotiations, conventions and public hearings.


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Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1111 - Legislators 1112 - Senior government officials 1113 - Traditional chiefs and heads of village 1114 - Senior officials of special-interest organizationsNotes

1111 LegislatorsLegislators determine, formulate, and direct policies of national, state, regional or local governments and international governmental agencies, and make, ratify, amend or repeal laws, public rules and regulations. They include elected and non-elected members of parliaments, councils and governments.

Tasks include:(a) presiding over or participating in the proceedings of legislative bodies and administrative councils of

national, state, regional or local governments or legislative assemblies;(b) Determining, formulating, and directing policies of national, state, regional or local governments;(c) Making, ratifying, amending or repealing laws, public rules and regulations within a statutory or

constitutional framework;(d) Serving on government administrative boards or official committees;(e) Investigating matters of concern to the public and promoting the interests of the constituencies which

they represent;(f) Attending community functions and meetings to provide service to the community understand public

opinion and provide information on government plans;(g) Negotiating with other legislators and representatives of interest groups in order to reconcile differing

interests, and to create policies and agreements;(h) As members of the government, directing senior administrators and officials of government

departments and agencies in the interpretation and implementation of government policies. - City counsellor - Government minister - Mayor - Member of parliament - President (government) - Secretary of State - Senator - State GovernorNotes

1112 Senior government officials

Senior government officials advise governments on policy matters, oversee the interpretation and implementation of government policies and legislation by government departments and agencies, represent their country abroad and act on its behalf, or carry out similar tasks in intergovernmental organizations. They plan, organize, direct, control and evaluate the overall activities of municipal or local, regional and national government departments, boards, agencies or commissions in accordance with legislation and policies established by government and legislative bodies.

Tasks include:(a) Advising national, state, regional or local governments and legislators on policy matters;(b) Advising on the preparation of government budgets, laws and regulations, including amendments;(c) Establishing objectives for government departments or agencies in accordance with government

legislation and policy;(d) Formulating or approving and evaluating programs and procedures for the implementation of

government policies in conjunction or consultation with government:(e) Recommending, reviewing, evaluating and approving documents, briefs and reports submitted by

middle managers and senior staff members;(f) Ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to provide budgetary

control;(g) Coordinating activities with other senior government managers and officials;

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(h) Making presentations to legislative and other government committees regarding policies programs or budgets;

(i) Overseeing the interpretation and implementation of government policies and legislation by government departments and agencies.

- Ambassador - City administrator - Civil service commissioner - Consul-general - Director-general (government department) - Director-general (intergovernmental organization) - Fire commissioner - Inspector-general (police) - Permanent head (government department) - Police commissioner - Secretary-general, government administration - Secretary-general, government administration (deputy) - Under-secretary (government)NotesChief executives of Government owned enterprises are included in unit group 1120, Managing directors and chief executives. 1113 Traditional chiefs and heads of villages

Traditional chiefs and heads of villages perform a variety of legislative, administrative and ceremonial tasks and duties, determined by ancient traditions, as well as by the division of rights and responsibilities between village chiefs and the local, regional and national authorities.

Tasks include:(a) Allocating the use of communal land and other resources among households in the community or

village;(b) Collecting and distributing surplus production of the community or village;(c) Settling disputes between members of the community or village;(d) Disciplining members of the community or village for violation of rules and customs;(e) Performing ceremonial duties in connection with births, marriages, deaths, harvests and other

important occasions;(f) Representing the community or village on local or regional councils;(g) Informing the community or village about government rules and regulations.

NotesSenior officials of special-interest organizations determine, formulate and direct the implementation of policies of special-interest organizations, such as political-party organizations, trade unions, employers’ organizations, trade and industry associations, humanitarian or charity organizations, or sports associations, and represent their organizations and act on their behalf.

Tasks include:(a) Determining and formulating the policies, rules and regulations of the organization;(b) Planning, directing and coordinating the general functioning of the organization;(c) Reviewing the operations and results of the organization and reporting to boards of directors and

governing bodies, the organization’s membership and funding agencies;(d) Negotiating on behalf of the organization, its members and relevant special-interest groups; (e) Promoting the interests of the organization, its members and relevant special-interest groups before

the legislature, government or general public; (f) Planning, organizing and directing sections charged with implementing the organization’s policies,

programmes, rules and regulations;(g) Ensuring appropriate systems and procedures are developed and implemented to provide budgetary

control;(h) Monitoring and evaluating performance of the organization or enterprise against established objectives

and policies;(i) Representing the organization at official occasions and board meetings, in negotiations, at conventions,

public hearings and forums.

Notes


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112 Managing directors and chief executives

Managing directors and chief executives formulate and review the policies and plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises or organizations (except special interest organizations and government departments) with the support of other managers, usually within guidelines established by a board of directors or a governing body to whom they are answerable for the operations undertaken and results.

Tasks performed usually include: planning, directing and coordinating the general functioning of an enterprise or organization; reviewing the operations and results of the enterprise, or organization, and reporting to boards of directors and governing bodies; determining objectives, strategies, policies and programs for the enterprise or organization; providing overall direction and management to organizations; establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources; authorizing material, human and financial resources to implement organizational policies and programs; monitoring and evaluating performance of the organization or enterprise against established objectives and policies; consulting with senior subordinate staff and reviewing recommendations and reports; representing the organization at official occasions, in negotiations, at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums; selecting, or approving the selection of senior staff; ensuring the organization complies with relevant legislation and regulations.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit group: 1120 - Managing directors and chief executives

Notes

1120 Managing directors and chief executives

Managing directors and chief executives formulate and review the policies and plan, direct coordinate and evaluate the overall activities of enterprises or organizations (except special interest organizations and government departments) with the support of other managers, usually within guidelines established by a board of directors or a governing body to whom they are answerable for the operations undertaken and results.

Tasks include -(a) Planning, directing and coordinating the general functioning of an enterprise or organization;(b) Reviewing the operations and results of the enterprise, or organization and reporting to boards of

directors and governing bodies;(c) Determining objectives, strategies, policies and programs for the enterprise or organization;(d) Providing overall leadership and management to the enterprise or organization;(e) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(f) Authorizing material, human and financial resources to implement organizational policies and

programs;(g) Monitoring and evaluating performance of the organization or enterprise against established objectives

and policies;(h) Consulting with senior subordinate staff and reviewing recommendations and reports;(i) Representing the organization at official occasions and board meetings, in negotiations, at conventions,

Seminars, public hearings and forums; (j) Selecting, or approving the selection of senior staff;(k) Ensuring the organization complies with relevant legislation and regulations

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chief executive - Managing director - Regional manager

Notes

Regional managers and other senior managers who coordinate and supervise the activities of subordinate managers who have a diverse range of functional responsibilities are included in unit group 1120, Managing

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directors and chief executives. Managers responsible for specialised functions within a specific geographic area are excluded from this unit group. For example, regional sales managers are classified in unit group 1221, Sales and marketing managers. Jobs whose principle responsibility is to participate as a member of the board of directors of one or more enterprises or organizations are included in unit group 1120, Managing directors and chief executives. Chief executives of government owned enterprises are included in unit group 1120, Managing directors and chief executives.

12 Administrative and commercial managersAdministrative and commercial managers’ plan, organise, direct, control and coordinate the financial, administrative, human resource, policy, planning, research and development, advertising, public relations, and sales and marketing activities of enterprises and organizations, or of enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Formulating and administering policy advice, strategic and financial planning; establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures; implementing, monitoring and evaluating strategies and policies; providing advice to senior Managers; directing the development of initiatives for new products, marketing, public relations and advertising campaigns; determining and directing sales activities, product mix, customer service standards; setting prices and credit arrangements; ensuring compliance with relevant legislation, regulations and standards; controlling selection, training and performance of staff; preparing budgets and overseeing financial operations; consulting with the chief executive and with managers of other departments or sections; controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources; representing the enterprise or organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 121 Business services and administration managers 122 Sales, marketing and development managersNotes

121 Business services and administration managersBusiness services and administration managers’ plan, organize, direct, control and coordinate the financial, administrative, human resource, policy, planning, activities of organizations, or of enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations

Tasks usually include: formulating and administering policy advice, strategic and financial planning; establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures; implementing, monitoring and evaluating strategies and policies; providing advice to senior managers and board members on financial, administrative strategic, policy, program and legislative issues; ensuring compliance with relevant legislation, regulations and standards; controlling selection, training and performance of staff; preparing budgets and overseeing financial operations; consulting with the chief executive and with managers of other departments or sections; controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources; representing the organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1211 - Finance managers 1212 - Human resource managers 1213 - Policy and planning managers 1219 - Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

1211 Finance managers

Finance managers’ plan, direct and coordinate the financial operations of an enterprise or organization, in consultation with senior managers and with managers of other departments or sections.


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Tasks include:(a) Planning, directing and coordinating the financial operations of an enterprise or organization;(b) Assessing the financial situation of the enterprise or organization, preparing budgets and overseeing

financial operations;(c) Consulting with the chief executive and with managers of other departments or sections(d) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(e) Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;(f) Planning and directing daily operations;(g) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;(h) Representing the enterprise or organization in dealings with outside bodies.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Administration manager - Company secretary - Finance manager

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Financial institution branch manager - 1346 - Financial controller - 2411 - Management accountant – 2411Notes

1212 Human resource managersHuman resource managers, plan, direct and coordinate policies concerning the personnel, industrial relations and occupational health and safety activities of an enterprise or organization, or of enterprises that provide human resource services to other enterprises and organizations.

Tasks include:(a) Planning, directing and coordinating the personnel and industrial relations activities, policies and

practices of an enterprise or organization;(b) Planning and organizing procedures for recruitment, training, promotion, transfer and dismissal of

staff, (c) Planning and organizing negotiations and procedures for determination of wage structures and level

and for consultation with workers on conditions of employment;(d) Overseeing safety, health and related programmes and activities;(e) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(f) Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;(g) Overseeing the development and implementation of management information systems;(h) Ensuring compliance with standards and legislation relating to employees rights, health and safety,

equal opportunity and related concerns;(i) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff for the entire enterprise or organization;(j) Consulting with senior management and with managers of other departments;(k) Representing the enterprise or organization in dealings with outside bodies.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Industrial relations manager - Personnel manager - Recruitment managerNotes

1213 Policy and planning managers

Policy and planning managers’ plan, organize, direct and coordinate policy advice and strategic planning activities within government or for non-government organizations and private sector agencies, or manage the activities of enterprises that provide policy and strategic planning services.

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Tasks include:(a) developing, implementing and monitoring strategic plans, programs, policies, processes, systems and

procedures to achieve goals, objectives and work standards; (b) Developing, directing, administering and participating in policy research and analysis; (c) Coordinating the implementation of policies and practices; (d) Establishing activity measures and measurements of accountability;(e) Planning and directing daily operations;(f) Leading and managing the activities of policy development and strategic planning staff;(g) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff; (h) Representing the enterprise or organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public

hearings and forums;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Policy manager - Strategic planning manager - Corporate planning managerNotes

1219 Business services and administration managers not elsewhere ClassifiedThis unit group covers business services and administration managers not classified elsewhere in minor group 121, Business services and administration managers. For instance, the group includes occupations such as facilities manager, cleaning services manager, administrative services manager.

In such cases tasks would include:(a) Providing administrative, strategic planning and operational support, research and advice to senior

management on matters such as the management of building facilities and administrative services;(b) Developing and managing the organization’s administrative and physical resources;(c) Developing and implementing administrative and procedural statements and guidelines for use by

staff in the organization; (d) Analyzing complex resource management issues and initiatives that affect the organization, and

preparing associated reports, correspondence and submissions;(e) Providing information and support for the preparation of financial reports and budgets;(f) Leading, managing and developing administrative staff to ensure smooth business operations and the

provision of accurate and timely information;(g) Representing the enterprise or organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public

hearings and forums;(h) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(i) Planning and directing daily operations;(j) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Administrative services manager - Cleaning services manager - Corporate services manager - Facilities manager - Purchasing managerNotes

122 Sales, marketing and development managers

Sales, marketing and development managers plan, organize, direct, control and coordinate the advertising, public relations, research and development, and sales and marketing activities of enterprises and organizations, or of enterprises that provide such services to other enterprises and organizations.

Tasks usually include: Formulating and implementing policies and plans for advertising, public relations, product development, sales and marketing in consultation with other managers; directing the development of initiatives for new products or scientific research; marketing, public relations and advertising campaigns; determining and directing sales


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activities, product mix, customer service standards and merchandising methods and distribution policy; setting prices and credit arrangements; establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure to ensure the efficient use of resources; overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff; representing the enterprise or organization at conventions, trade exhibitions and other forums.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1221 Sales and marketing managers 1222 Advertising and public relations managers 1223 Research and development managersNotes

1221 Sales and marketing managers

Sales and marketing managers’ plan direct and coordinate the sales and marketing activities of an enterprise or organization, or of enterprises that provide sales and marketing services to other enterprises and organizations.

Tasks include:(a) Planning and organizing special sales and marketing programmes based on sales records and market

assessments;(b) Determining price lists, discount and delivery terms, sales promotion budgets, sales methods, special

incentives and campaigns;(c) Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures related to sales and marketing

activities;(d) Leading and managing the activities of sales and marketing staff;(e) Planning and directing daily operations; (f) Establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure to ensure the efficient use of

resources;(g) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;(h) Representing the enterprise or organization at sales and marketing conventions, trade exhibitions and

other forums.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Marketing manager - Sales managerNotes

1222 Advertising and public relations managers

Advertising and public relations managers plan direct and coordinate the advertising, public relations and public information activities of enterprises and organizations or of enterprises that provide related services to other enterprises and organizations.

Tasks include:(a) Planning, directing and coordinating the advertising and public relations activities of an enterprise or

organization;(b) Negotiating advertising contracts with clients or with newspapers, radio and television stations, sports

and cultural organizations and advertising agencies;(c) Planning and managing information programmes to inform legislators, the mass media and the general

public about the plans, accomplishments and points of view of the enterprise or organization;(d) Leading and managing the activities of advertising and public relations staff;(e) Establishing and managing budgets and controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(f) Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;(g) Planning and directing daily operations;(h) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Advertising manager - Public relations managerNotes

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1223 Research and development managers

Research and development managers plan, direct and coordinate the research and development activities of an enterprise or organization or of enterprises that provide related services to other enterprises and organizations.

Tasks include -(a) Planning, directing and coordinating research and development activities, in-house or commissioned

from external research organizations, to develop new or improved technical processes, products, knowledge, or utilization of materials;

(b) Planning the overall research and development programme of an enterprise or organization, specifying goals and budgetary requirements;

(c) Leading and managing the activities of research and development staff;(d) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(e) Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures;(f) Planning and directing daily operations;(g) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff;(h) Representing the enterprise or organization at conventions, seminars and conferences.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Product development manager - Research managerNotes

13 Production and specialised services managers

Production and specialised services managers plan direct and coordinate the production of the goods and the provision of the specialised professional and technical services provided by an enterprise or organisation. They are responsible for manufacturing, mining, construction, logistics, information and communications technology operations, for large scale agricultural, forestry and fisheries operations, and for the provision of health, education, social welfare, banking, insurance and other professional and technical services.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Planning details of activities in terms of output, services provided, quality, quantity, cost, timeliness and labour requirements; setting standards and objectives; controlling the operation of plant and of procedures; assuring quality of the goods produced and services provided; preparing tenders and contract bids; establishing and managing budgets, monitoring costs, and adjusting activities, procedures and resources to minimise costs; overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and equipment; coordinating the implementation of health and safety requirements; planning and directing daily operations; overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff; preparing, or arranging for the preparation of, reports, budgets and forecasts; representing the enterprise or organisation in negotiations with other agencies, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 131 Production managers in agriculture, forestry and fisheries 132 Manufacturing, mining, construction, and distribution managers 133 Information and communications technology service managers 134 Professional services managersNotes

Specialised qualifications and extensive experience relevant to one or more occupations classified in major group 2, Professionals, or major group 3, Technicians and associate professionals, are usually required.

131 Production managers in agriculture, forestry and fisheriesProduction managers in agriculture, forestry and fisheries plan, direct, and coordinate production in large scale agricultural, horticultural, forestry aquaculture and fishery operations such as plantations, large ranches, collective farms and co-operatives to grow and harvest crops, breed and raise livestock, fish and shellfish and to catch and harvest fish and other forms of aquatic life


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Tasks performed usually include: Monitoring market activity and planning production to meet contract requirements and market demand; establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and costs, recording information such as farm and fisheries management practices, and preparing financial and operational reports; conferring with buyers to arrange for the sale of crops, catch and stock; contracting with farmers, skippers or independent owners for production of produce and management of production; planning the type, intensity and sequence of operations; purchasing machinery, equipment, and supplies; identifying and controlling environmental toxins, weeds, pests and diseases; organizing operations such as maintaining buildings, water supply systems and equipment; overseeing the selection, training and performance of workers and contractors.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1311 Agricultural and forestry production managers 1312 Aquaculture and fisheries production managersNotes 1311 Agricultural and forestry production managers

Agricultural and forestry production managers plan, direct, and coordinate production in large scale agricultural, horticultural and forestry operations such as plantations, large ranches, collective farms and agricultural co-operatives to grow and harvest crops, and breed and raise livestock.Tasks include -(a) Monitoring agricultural and forestry market activity and planning production to meet contract

requirements and market demand;(b) Establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and costs, recording information

such as farm management practices, and preparing financial and operational reports; (c) Conferring with buyers to arrange for the sale of crops and livestock;(d) Contracting with farmers or independent owners for production of crops and livestock, or for

management of production;(e) Planning the type, intensity and sequence of farm operations (e.g. determining the best times for

planting, spraying and harvesting);(f) Analyzing soil to determine types and quantities of fertilizer required for maximum production;(g) Purchasing machinery, equipment, and supplies such as tractors, seed, fertilizer, and chemicals; (h) Identifying and controlling agricultural and forest environmental toxins, weeds, pests and diseases;(i) Organizing farming operations such as maintaining buildings, water supply systems and equipment;(j) Directing and coordinating activities such as planting, irrigation, chemical application, harvesting, and

grading; (k) Inspecting plantations and fields to determine maturity dates of crops, or to estimate potential crop

damage from weather; (l) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of agricultural and forestry workers and

contractors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Forestry manager - Plantation managerNotes

1312 Aquaculture and fisheries production managersAquaculture and fisheries production managers plan, direct, and coordinate production in large scale aquaculture and fishery operations to catch and harvest fish and shellfish, and to grow fish shellfish or other forms of aquatic life, as cash crops or for release into freshwater or saltwater.

Tasks include:(a) Monitoring aquaculture and fishery market activity and planning production and fishing activities to

meet contract requirements and market demand;(b) Establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and costs, recording information

such as fisheries management practices, and preparing financial and operational reports; (c) Conferring with buyers to arrange for the sale of produce and catches;(d) Contracting with fishing skippers or owners of vessels and aquaculture farms for fishing and aquaculture

operations, or for management of production;(e) Conducting and organizing aquaculture or fishery stock examinations in order to identify diseases or

parasites;(f) Devising and coordinating activities to improve fish hatching and growth rates, and to prevent disease

in hatcheries;

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(g) Monitoring environments to maintain or improve conditions for aquatic life;(h) Directing and monitoring trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying

knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques;(i) Coordinating the selection and maintenance of brood stock;(j) Directing and monitoring the transfer of mature fish to lakes, ponds, streams, or commercial tanks;(k) Purchasing machinery, equipment, and supplies such as vessels and nets;(l) Organizing operations such as maintenance of ships, boats and equipment;(m) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of aquaculture or fishery workers and contractors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aquaculture production manager - Fishing operations manager - Shore captain (fishing) - Trawler managerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Fish farmer - 6221 - Fish hatchery manager - 6221 - Oyster Farmer - 6221 - Seafood Farmer - 6221 - Fishing vessel skipper (coastal waters) - 6222 - Fishing master (deep sea) – 6223Notes

132 Manufacturing, mining, construction, and distribution managersManufacturing, mining, construction, and distribution managers’ plan, organize, and coordinate the manufacturing, mineral extraction, construction, supply, storage and transportation operations.

Tasks performed usually include:Planning details of activities in terms of output quality and quantity, cost, timeliness and labour requirements; controlling the operation of plant and quality procedures through planning of maintenance, designation of operating hours and supply of equipment; preparing tenders and contract bids; establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and costs, and adjusting processes and resources to minimize costs; overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and equipment; controlling the preparation of production records and reports; coordinating the implementation of health and safety requirements; planning and directing daily operations; overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1321 Manufacturing managers 1322 Mining managers 1323 Construction managers 1324 Supply, distribution and related managersNotes

1321 Manufacturing managersManufacturing managers plan, direct, and coordinate manufacturing production activities of large enterprises or as the manager of a small manufacturing company.

Tasks include -(a) Determining, implementing and monitoring production strategies, policies and plans; (b) Planning details of production activities in terms of output quality and quantity, cost, time available

and labour requirements;(c) Controlling the operation of production plant and quality procedures through planning of maintenance,

designation of operating hours and supply of parts and tools; (d) Establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and costs, and adjusting processes

and resources to minimize costs;(e) Consulting with and informing other managers about production matters;(f) Overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and equipment; (g) Controlling the preparation of production records and reports;


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(h) Coordinating the implementation of occupational health and safety requirements;(i) Identifying business opportunities and determining products to be manufactured;(j) Researching and implementing regulatory and statutory requirements affecting manufacturing

operations and the environment;(k) Overseeing the provision of quotes for the manufacture of specialized goods and establishing contracts

with customers and suppliers;(l) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Manufacturer - Manufacturing manager - Production and operations manager (manufacturing)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Production supervisor (manufacturing) – 3122Notes

1322 Mining managers

Mining managers plan, direct, and coordinate the production activities of mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction operations.

Tasks include -(a) Conferring with other managers to set production quotas, plan extraction sites and develop policies

for the removal of raw materials;(b) Evaluating efficiency of production sites to determine adequacy of personnel, equipment and

technologies used, and make changes to work schedule or equipment when necessary;(c) Planning details of production activities in terms of output quality and quantity, cost, time available

and labour requirements;(d) Controlling the operation of plant and quality procedures through planning of maintenance,

designation of operating hours and supply of equipment;(e) Establishing and managing budgets, monitoring production output and costs, and adjusting processes

and resources to minimize costs;(f) Overseeing the acquisition and installation of new plant and equipment; (g) Controlling the preparation of production records and reports;(h) Coordinating the implementation of health and safety requirements;(i) Researching and implementing regulatory and statutory requirements affecting mineral extraction

operations and the environment;(j) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Mine manager - Production manager (mine) - Production manager (oil and gas extraction) - Production manager (quarry) - Quarry manager

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Mine deputy - 3121 Mine supervisor - 3121 Mine under-manager - 3121 Quarry supervisor – 3121Notes

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1323 Construction managers

Construction managers plan, direct and coordinate the construction of civil engineering projects, buildings and dwellings.

Tasks include:(a) Interpreting architectural drawings and specifications;(b) Coordinating labour resources, and procurement and delivery of materials, plant and equipment; (c) Negotiating with building owners, property developers and subcontractors involved in the construction

process to ensure projects are completed on time and within budget;(d) Preparing tenders and contract bids; (e) Operating and implementing coordinated work programs for sites; (f) Ensuring adherence to building legislation and standards of performance, quality, cost and safety;(g) Arranging submission of plans to local authorities; (h) Building under contract, or subcontracting specialized building services;(i) Arranging building inspections by relevant authorities;(j) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(k) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff and subcontractors;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Construction project manager - Project builder

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Building construction supervisor - 3123 House builder – 7111Notes

1324 Supply, distribution and related managersSupply, distribution and related managers plan, direct and coordinate the supply, transportation, storage and distribution of goods.

Tasks include - (a) Determining, implementing and monitoring purchasing, storage and distribution strategies, policies

and plans; (b) Preparing and implementing plans to maintain required stock levels at minimum cost; (c) Negotiating contracts with suppliers to meet quality, cost and delivery requirements; (d) Monitoring and reviewing storage and inventory systems to meet supply requirements and control

stock levels; (e) Operating recording systems to track all movements of goods, and ensuring re-ordering and re-

stocking at optimal times;(f) Liaising with other departments and customers concerning requirements for outward goods and

associated forwarding transportation;(g) Overseeing the recording of purchase, storage and distribution transactions;(h) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(i) Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures; (j) Planning and directing daily operations;(k) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Logistics manager - Railway station master - Supply and distribution manager - Supply chain manager - Transport company manager - Warehouse managerNotes


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133 Information and communications technology service managersInformation and communications technology service managers plan, direct, and coordinate the acquisition, development, maintenance and use of computer and telecommunication systems.

Tasks usually include: Consulting with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements and specifying technology to meet those needs; formulating and directing information and communication technology (ICT) strategies, policies and plans; directing the selection and installation of ICT resources and the provision of user training; directing ICT operations, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines; overseeing the security of ICT systems; assigning, reviewing, managing and leading the work of systems analysts, programmers, and other computer-related workers; evaluating the organization’s technology use and needs and recommending improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades; establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources; establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures; overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff; representing the enterprise or organization at ICT related conventions, seminars and conferences.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1330 Information and communications technology service managersNotes

1330 Information and communications technology service managersInformation and communications technology service managers plan, direct, and coordinate the acquisition, development, maintenance and use of computer and telecommunication systems.

Tasks include:(a) Consulting with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system

requirements and specifying technology to meet those needs; (b) Formulating and directing information and communication technology (ICT) strategies, policies and

plans; (c) Directing the selection and installation of ICT resources and the provision of user training; (d) Directing ICT operations, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and

setting deadlines;(e) Overseeing the security of ICT systems;(f) Assigning, reviewing, managing and leading the work of systems analysts, programmers, and other

computer-related workers;(g) Evaluating the organization’s technology use and needs and recommending improvements, such as

hardware and software upgrades;(h) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(i) Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures; (j) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff; (k) Representing the enterprise or organization at ICT related conventions, seminars and conferences.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Application development manager - Chief information officer - Data operations manager - Data processing manager - ICT development manager - Information systems director - Information technology manager (IT Manager) - Internet service provider - Network managerNotes

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134 Professional services managers

Professional services managers plan, direct and coordinate the provision of childcare, health, welfare, education and other professional services, and manage the branches of institutions providing financial and insurance services.

Tasks usually include: Formulating policies and plans for the provision of services and operation of establishments; setting standards and objectives; developing and implementing programs and services to meet the needs of clients; directing and coordinating the allocation of resources; liaising with parents, boards, funding bodies, the community representatives and related agencies to discuss areas of cooperation and coordination; monitoring and controlling expenditure; overseeing the selection, development and performance of staff; preparing, or arranging for the preparation of, reports, budgets and forecasts; representing the organization in negotiations other agencies, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and forums.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1341 Child care services managers 1342 Health services managers 1343 Aged care services managers 1344 Social welfare managers 1345 Education managers 1346 Financial and insurance services branch managers 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

Professional services managers are responsible for planning, directing and coordinating the provision of specialized professional and technical services. Specialized qualifications and extensive experience relevant to one or more occupations classified in major group 2, Professionals, or major group 3, Technicians and associate professionals, are usually required.

1341 Child care service managers

Child care service managers plan, direct, and coordinate and evaluate the provision of care for children in before-school, after-school, vacation and day care centers and services.

Tasks include - (a) Developing and implementing programs to enhance the physical, social, emotional and intellectual

development of young children;(b) Establishing and monitoring budgets and determining allocation of funds for staff, supplies, materials,

equipment and maintenance;(c) Overseeing and coordinating the provision care for children in before-school, after-school, day, and

vacation care centers;(d) Directing and supervising child carers in providing care and supervision for young children;(e) Managing physical facilities and making sure all buildings and equipment are maintained to ensure

the centre is a safe area for children, staff and visitors;(f) Reviewing and interpreting government codes, and developing procedures to meet codes (e.g.,

concerning safety and security);(g) Monitoring children’s progress and conferring with parents or guardians;(h) Preparing and maintaining records and accounts for a child care centre;(i) Recruiting and evaluating staff and coordinating their professional development.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Child Care Centre ManagerNotes

1342 Health service managers

Health service managers plan, direct coordinate and evaluate the provision of clinical and community health care services in hospitals, clinics, public health agencies and similar organizations.


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Tasks include - (a) Providing overall direction and management for the service, facility, organization or centre; (b) Directing, supervising and evaluating the work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical,

service, maintenance, and other personnel;(c) Establishing objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units they manage; (d) Directing or conducting recruitment, hiring and training of personnel;(e) Developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and performance standards for

medical, nursing, technical and administrative staff;(f) Monitoring the use of diagnostic services, inpatient beds, facilities, and staff to ensure effective use of

resources and assess the need for additional staff, equipment, and services;(g) Controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report preparation and expenditure

on supplies, equipment and services;(h) Liaising with other health and welfare service providers, boards and funding bodies to coordinate the

provision of services;(i) Advising government bodies about measures to improve health and welfare services and facilities; (j) Representing the organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and

forums.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clinical director - Community health care coordinator - Director of nursing - Hospital matron - Medical administratorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Aged care service manager – 1343Notes

1343 Aged care service managers

Aged care service managers plan, direct coordinate and evaluate the provision of residential and personal care services for individuals and families who are in need of such services due to the effects of ageing.Tasks include - (a) Providing overall direction and management for a service, facility, organization or centre; (b) Directing, supervising and evaluating the work activities of medical, nursing, technical, clerical,

service, maintenance, and other personnel; (c) Establishing objectives and evaluative or operational criteria for units they manage; (d) Directing or conducting recruitment, hiring and training of personnel;(e) Developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and performance standards for

nursing, personal care, technical, and administrative staff; (f) Coordinating and administering welfare programs and care services for the elderly;(g) Controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report preparation, expenditure on

supplies, equipment and services; (h) Liaising with other health and welfare providers, boards and funding bodies to coordinate the

provision of services;(i) Advising government bodies about measures to improve health and welfare services and facilities; (j) Representing the organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and

forums.

Examples of occupations classified here: - Aged care home director - Community aged care coordinator - Nursing home director - Retirement village coordinatorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Health service manager – 1342Notes

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1344 Social welfare managers

Social welfare managers plan, direct, and coordinate the provision of social and community service programs such as income support, family assistance, children’s services and other community programs and services.

Tasks include - (a) Providing overall direction and management for a service, facility, organization or centre; (b) Developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and standards for staff; (c) Monitoring and evaluating resources devoted to the provision of welfare, housing, and other social

services;(d) Controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report preparation, expenditure on

supplies, equipment and services;(e) liaising with other welfare and health services providers, boards and funding bodies to discuss areas

of health and welfare service cooperation and coordination;(f) Advising government bodies about measures to improve welfare services and facilities;(g) Representing the organization in negotiations, and at conventions, seminars, public hearings and

forums;(h) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(i) Establishing and directing operational and administrative procedures; (j) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff; (k) Representing the organization at conventions, seminars and conferences.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Community centre manager - Family services manager - Housing services manager - Welfare Centre ManagerNotes

1345 Education managers

Education managers plan, direct, coordinate and evaluate the educational and administrative aspects of education services, primary and secondary schools, colleges and faculties and departments in universities and other educational institutions.

Tasks include - (a) Determining educational programs based on frameworks established by education authorities and

governing bodies;(b) Implementing systems and procedures to monitor school performance and student enrolments; (c) Directing administrative and clerical activities concerning student admissions and educational services;(d) Controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report preparation, expenditure on

supplies, equipment and services;(e) Providing leadership and guidance to teaching, academic and administrative staff as well as to

students;(f) Evaluating the work of teachers and lecturers by visiting classrooms, observing teaching methods,

reviewing instructional objectives and examining learning materials;(g) Promoting the educational program, and representing the service or institution in the wider community;(h) Supervising the maintenance of educational facilities;(i) Developing and enforcing a disciplinary code to create a safe and conducive environment for students

and teachers;(j) Organizing and implementing methods of raising additional funds in conjunction with parent and

community groups and sponsors;(k) Controlling selection, training and supervision of staff.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - School PrincipalNotes


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1346 Financial and insurance services branch managers

Financial and insurance services branch managers plan, direct, and coordinate the branches of institutions that provide financial and insurance services, such as banks, building societies, credit unions and insurance companies. They provide advice and assistance to clients on financial and insurance matters.

Tasks include(a) Planning, directing and coordinating the activities of staff in the branch;(b) Establishing and maintaining relationships with individual and business customers;(c) Providing advice and assistance to customers on their financial and insurance needs and with matters

such as changes in law that may affect customers;(d) Examining, evaluating and processing loan and insurance applications;(e) Monitoring credit extension decisions;(f) Conducting financial investigations;(g) Overseeing the flow of cash and financial instruments, and the preparation of financial and regulatory

reports;(h) Approving or rejecting, or coordinating the approval or rejection of, lines of credit commercial, real

estate and personal loans;(i) Coordinating cooperation with other branches of the company;(j) Managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources;(k) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bank manager - Building society manager - Credit union manager, - Insurance agency managerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Finance manager - 1211 - Credit and loans officer - 3312 - Insurance agent – 3321Notes

1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified

These unit groups covers managers who plan, direct coordinate and evaluate the provision of specialized professional and technical services and are not classified in sub-major group 12, Business services and administration managers, or elsewhere in sub-major group 13, Professional services managers. For instance, managers responsible for the provision of policing, corrective, library, legal and fire services are classified here.In such cases tasks would include:(a) Providing overall direction and management for a service, facility, organization or centre; (b) Developing, implementing and monitoring procedures, policies and standards for staff; (c) Directing, supervising and evaluating the work activities of professional technical, clerical, service,

maintenance, and other personnel; (d) Monitoring and evaluating resources devoted to the provision of services;(e) Controlling administrative operations such as budget planning, report preparation, expenditure on

supplies, equipment and services; (f) Planning, directing and coordinating the provision of services;(g) Coordinating cooperation with other service provision agencies in the same or related fields;(h) Managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources;(i) Overseeing the selection, training and performance of staff.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Archives manager - Art gallery manager - Correctional services manager - Legal service manager, - Library manager - Museum manager - Police superintendent - Prison governorNotes

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Professional services managers are responsible for planning, directing and coordinating the provision of specialized professional and technical services. Specialized qualifications and extensive experience relevant to one or more occupations classified in major group 2, Professionals, or major group 3, Technicians and associate professionals, are usually required.

14 Hospitality, retail and other services managers

Hospitality, shop and related services managers plan, organize and direct the operations of establishments which provide accommodation, hospitality, retail and other services.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Planning and organizing special functions, sporting, gaming and entertainment activities and the range and mix of products, stock levels and service standards; promoting and selling goods and services; observing liquor, gaming, health and other laws and regulations; developing and reviewing policies, programs and procedures concerning customer relations and goods and services provided; promoting facilities, for conferences, conventions and trade shows , to potential customers; organizing the purchase and maintenance of transport vehicles, equipment and fuel, and transporting goods; controlling the selection, training and supervision of staff; ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 141 Hotel and restaurant managers 142 Retail and wholesale trade managers 143 Other services managersNotes

Sub-major group 14 Hospitality, shop and related managers is for managers of establishments that provide services directly to the public, usually in organizations that are too small to have hierarchies of managers. Managers responsible for planning, directing and coordinating the provision of specialized professional and technical services that usually require specialized qualifications are classified in various unit groups in Sub-major groups 12, Administrative and commercial managers and 13, Production and specialized services managers.

141 Hotel and restaurant managers

Hotel and restaurant managers plan, organize and direct the operations of establishments that provide accommodation, meals, beverages and other hospitality services.

Tasks performed usually include: Planning and organizing special functions, sporting, gaming and entertainment activities; directing and overseeing reservation, reception, room service and housekeeping activities; observing liquor, gaming, health and other laws and regulations; monitoring quality at all stages of preparation and presentation of food and services; controlling the selection, training and supervision of staff; ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1411 Hotel managers 1412 Restaurant managersNotes

1411 Hotel managers

Hotel managers plan, organize and direct the operations of hotels, motels and similar establishments to provide guest accommodation and other services.

Tasks include - (a) Directing and overseeing reservation, reception, room service and housekeeping activities;(b) Supervising security arrangements, and garden and property maintenance;


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(c) Planning and supervising bar, restaurant, function and conference activities;(d) Observing liquor, gaming, and other laws and regulations;(e) Assessing and reviewing customer satisfaction;(f) Overseeing accounting and purchasing activities;(g) Undertaking budgeting for the establishment;(h) Controlling selection, training and supervision of staff; (i) Ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations;(j) Providing guests with local tourism information, and arranging tours and transportation.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Hotel manager - Motel manager - Youth hostel managerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bed and breakfast operator – 5152NotesOperators of small establishments, such as some bed and breakfast establishments and small guest houses, that provide accommodation and limited meal services to clients effectively as paying guests in private households, and for whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work, are classified in unit group 5152, Domestic housekeepers. Chief executive officers and specialized managers of large hotel management companies or hotel chains are classified in the relevant unit group in sub-major groups 11 and 12.

1412 Restaurant managers

Restaurant managers plan, organize and direct the operations of cafes, restaurants and related establishments to provide dining and catering services.

Tasks include - (a) Planning menus in consultation with chefs and cooks;(b) Planning and organizing special functions;(c) Arranging the purchasing and pricing of goods according to budget;(d) Maintaining records of stock levels and financial transactions;(e) Ensuring dining, kitchen and food storage facilities comply with health regulations and are clean,

functional and of suitable appearance;(f) Conferring with customers to assess their satisfaction with meals and service;(g) Selecting, set staff work schedules, training and supervising waiting and kitchen staff;(h) Taking reservations, greeting guests and assisting in taking orders;(i) Negotiating arrangements with clients and suppliers;(j) Ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cafe Manager - Restaurant Manager - Catering ManagerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Chef – 3434Notes

142 Retail and wholesale trade managers

Retail and wholesale trade managers plan, organize, coordinate and control the operations of establishments that sell goods on a retail or wholesale basis. They are responsible for the budgets, staffing and strategic and operational direction of shops, or of organizational units within shops that sell particular types of product.

Tasks usually include: Determining product mix, stock levels and service standards; formulating and implementing purchasing and marketing policies, and setting prices; promoting and advertising the establishment’s goods and services; maintaining records of stock levels and financial transactions; undertaking budgeting for the establishment; controlling selection, training and supervision of staff; ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.

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Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1420 Retail and wholesale trade managersNotes

Retail and wholesale trade managers are frequently employed in relatively small establishments that do not have a hierarchy of managers. The managers of large retail establishments such as supermarkets and department stores, however, should also be classified in this group, although such establishments may have a hierarchy of managers and supervisors. General Managers of groups of establishments such as supermarket or department store chains are classified, however, in Unit group 1120, Managing directors and chief executives. Operators of small shops for whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work are classified in Unit group 5221, Shopkeepers. Staff who control and direct the activities of shop sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers, but who do not take responsibility for determining product mix, overall setting of prices, budgets and staffing levels, selection and recruitment are classified in Unit group 5222, Shop supervisors.

1420 Retail and wholesale trade managers

Retail and wholesale trade managers, plan, organize, co-ordinate and control the operations of establishments that sell goods on a retail or wholesale basis. They are responsible for the budgets, staffing and strategic and operational direction of shops, or of organizational units within shops that sell particular types of product.

Tasks include - (a) Determining product mix, stock levels and service standards; (b) Formulating and implementing purchasing and marketing policies, and setting prices; (c) Promoting and advertising the establishment’s goods and services; (d) Maintaining records of stock levels and financial transactions; (e) Undertaking budgeting for the establishment; (f) Controlling selection, training and supervision of staff; (g) Ensuring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.

Examples of occupations classified here: -Retail manager -Supermarket manager - Grocery manager - Shop managerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Sales manager - 1221 - Shopkeeper - 5221 - Shop supervisor - 5222 - Shop sales assistant – 5223Notes

Retail and wholesale trade managers are frequently employed in relatively small establishments that do not have a hierarchy of managers. The managers of large retail establishments such as supermarkets and department stores, however, should generally also be classified in this group, although such establishments may have a hierarchy of managers and supervisors. General Managers of groups of establishments such as supermarket or department store chains are classified, however, in Unit group 1120, Managing directors and chief executives. Operators of small shops for whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work are classified in Unit group 5221, Shopkeepers. Staff who control and direct the activities of shop sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers, but who do not take responsibility for determining product mix, overall setting of prices, budgets and staffing levels, selection and recruitment are classified in Unit group 5222, Shop supervisors.

143 Other services managers

Other services managers plan, organize, and control the operations of establishments that provide sporting, cultural, recreational, travel, customer contact and other amenity services.Tasks usually include: Planning and organizing the range and mix of services or activities provided; ensuring that facilities are kept clean and in good condition; keeping abreast of new trends and developments relevant to the service


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provided; advising on the facilities available and promoting publicity; checking and keeping custody of all cash receipts and making regular stock checks; establishing and managing budgets; controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of resources; planning and directing daily operations; controlling the selection, supervision and performance of staff; ensuring compliance with health and safety requirements.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 1431 Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers 1439 Services managers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

1431 Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers

Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers plan, organize, and control the operations of establishments that provide sporting, artistic, theatrical and other recreational and amenity services.

Tasks include -(a) Planning and organizing the range and mix of entertainment, attractions, cultural activities, and sports

and fitness programmes to be offered by the centre; (b) Ensuring that facilities are kept clean and in good condition;(c) Keeping abreast of new trends and developments in the creative arts and arranging theatrical

productions and performances by bands and orchestras;(d) Advising on the facilities available and promoting publicity in relation to events, shows and activities;(e) Checking and keeping custody of all cash receipts and making regular stock checks;(f) Establishing and managing budgets, controlling expenditure and ensuring the efficient use of

resources;(g) Planning and directing daily operations;(h) Controlling the selection, supervision and performance of staff;(i) Ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Amusement/ theme park manager - Billiards or pool hall manager - Casino manager - Cinema manager - Leisure centre manager - Riding school manager - Sports centre manager - Theatre managerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Art gallery manager - 1349 - Museum manager - 1349 - Library manager – 1349Notes

1439 Services managers not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers managers that plan, direct and coordinate the provision of services and are not classified in sub-major group 13, Production and specialized services managers or elsewhere in sub-major group 14, Hospitality, retail and other services managers. For instance, managers of travel agencies, conference centers, contact centers and shopping centers are classified here.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Travel agency manager - Conference centre manager - Contact centre manager - Shopping centre manager - Camp site manager - Caravan park managerNotes

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Excluded from this unit group are occupations that involve managing the provision of specialized professional and technical services and require specialized qualifications and experience relevant to one or more occupations classified in major group 2, Professionals, or in major group 3, Technicians and associate professionals. These managerial occupations are classified in various unit groups in Sub-major groups 12, Administrative and commercial managers and 13, Production and specialized services managers.

2 Professionals

Professionals increase the existing stock of knowledge, apply scientific or artistic concepts and theories, teach about the foregoing in a systematic manner, or engage in any combination of these activities. Competent performance in most occupations in this major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.

Tasks performed by professionals usually include:conducting analysis and research, and developing concepts, theories and operational methods, and advising on or applying existing knowledge related to physical sciences including mathematics, engineering and technology, and to life sciences including the medical and health services, as well as to social sciences and humanities; teaching the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels; teaching and educating handicapped persons; providing various business, legal and social services; creating and performing works of art; providing spiritual guidance; preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 21 Science and engineering professionals 22 Health professionals 23 Teaching professionals 24 Business and administration professionals 25 Information and communications technology professionals 26 Legal, social and cultural professionalsNotes

21 Science and engineering professionals

Physical, mathematical and engineering science professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, mathematics, statistics, computing, architecture, engineering, and technology.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: conducting research, enlarging, advising on or applying scientific knowledge obtained through the study of structures and properties of physical matter and phenomena, chemical characteristics and processes of various substances, materials and products, and of mathematical, statistical and computing concepts and methods; advising on, designing and directing construction of buildings, towns and traffic systems, or civil engineering and industrial structures, as well as machines and other equipment, and advising on and applying mining methods, and ensuring their optimum use; surveying land and sea and making maps; studying and advising on technological aspects of particular materials, products and processes, and on efficiency of production and work organization; preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 211 Physical and earth science professionals 212 Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians 213 Life science professionals 214 Engineering professionals (excluding electro technology) 215 Electro technology engineers 216 Architects, planners, surveyors and designersNotes


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211 Physical and earth science professionals

Physical and earth science professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geology and geophysics.

Tasks performed usually include: Enlarging scientific knowledge through research and experiments related to mechanics, thermodynamics, optics, Sonics, electricity, magnetism, electronics, nuclear physics, astronomy, various branches of chemistry, atmospheric conditions and the physical nature of the Earth; and advising on or applying this knowledge in such fields as manufacturing, agriculture, medicine, navigation, space exploration, oil, gas, water and mineral exploitation, telecommunications and other services, or civil engineering; preparing scientific papers and reports.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2111 Physicists and astronomers 2112 Meteorologists 2113 Chemists 2114 Geologists and geophysicistsNotes

2111 Physicists and astronomers

Physicists and astronomers conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods concerning matter, space, time, energy, forces and fields and the interrelationship between these physical phenomena. They apply scientific knowledge relating to physics and astronomy in industrial, medical, military or other fields.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting research and improving or developing concepts, theories, instrumentation, software and

operational methods related to physics and astronomy;(b) Conducting experiments, tests and analyses on the structure and properties of matter in fields such

as mechanics, thermodynamics, electronics, communications, power generation and distribution, aerodynamics, optics and lasers, remote sensing, medicine, Sonics, magnetism, and nuclear physics;

(c) Evaluating results of investigations and experiments and expressing conclusions, mainly using mathematical techniques and models;

(d) Applying principles, techniques and processes to develop or improve industrial, medical, military and other practical applications of the principles and techniques of physics or astronomy;

(e) Ensuring the safe and effective delivery of radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing) to patients to achieve a diagnostic or therapeutic result as prescribed by a medical practitioner;

(f) Ensuring the accurate measurement and characterization of physical quantities used in medical applications;

(g) Testing, commissioning and evaluating equipment used in applications such as imaging, medical treatment and dosimetry;

(h) Advising and consulting with medical practitioners and other health care professionals in optimizing the balance between the beneficial and deleterious effects of radiation;

(i) Observing, analyzing and interpreting celestial phenomena and developing methods, numerical models and techniques to extend knowledge of fields such as navigation, satellite communication, space exploration, celestial bodies and cosmic radiation;

(j) Developing, implementing and maintaining standards and protocols for the measurement of physical phenomena and for the use of nuclear technology in industrial and medical applications;

(k) Preparing scientific papers and reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Astronomer - Medical Physicist - Nuclear Physicist - PhysicistSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Specialist physician (nuclear medicine) - 2212 - Radiation oncologist - 2212 - Radiologist - 2212 - Radiographer – 3211

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Notes

It should be noted that, while they are appropriately classified in this unit group with other physicists, medical physicists are considered to be an integral part of the health work force alongside those occupations classified in sub-major group 22, Health professionals and others classified in a number of other unit groups in major group 2, Professionals.

2112 Meteorologists

Meteorologists prepare short-term or long-term weather forecasts used in aviation, shipping, agriculture and other areas and for the information of the general public. They conduct research related to the composition, structure and dynamics of the atmosphere.

Tasks include -(a) Investigating direction and speed of air movements, pressures, temperatures, humidity, physical and

chemical transformation of pollutants and other phenomena such as cloud formation and precipitation, electrical disturbances or solar radiation;

(b) Studying data collected from meteorological stations, radar and satellite imagery and computer model output to plot and forecast weather conditions;

(c) Preparing and reporting short-term or long-term weather maps, forecasts and warnings relating to atmospheric phenomena such as cyclones, storms and other hazards to life and property and disseminating information about atmospheric conditions through a variety of media including radio, television, print and the Internet;

(d) Conducting experiments in fog dispersal, cloud seeding, rain enhancement and other types of weather modification programs;

(e) Developing and testing mathematical computer models of weather and climate for experimental or operational use;

(f) Participating in studies of the effect of weather on the environment;(g) Analyzing the impact of industrial projects and human activity on the climate and quality of the air

and work with the social science, engineering and economic communities to develop appropriate mitigation strategies;

(h) Engaging in the design and development of new equipment and procedures for meteorological data collection, remote sensing, or for related applications;

(i) Conducting research on and improving or developing concepts, theories and operational methods related to the composition, structure and dynamics of the atmosphere and preparing scientific papers and reports on the outcome of this research;

(j) Preparing scientific papers and reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Climatologist - Hydro meteorologist - Meteorologist - Weather forecasterNotes

2113 Chemists

Chemists conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to chemistry, to develop new knowledge or products and for quality and process control.

Tasks include - (a) Conducting research and improving or developing concepts, instruments, theories and operational

methods related to chemistry;(b) Conducting experiments, tests and analyses to investigate chemical composition and energy and

chemical changes in various natural or synthetic substances, materials and products;(c) Developing procedures for environmental control, quality control and various other procedures for

manufacturers or users;(d) Conducting programs of sample and data collection and analysis to identify and quantify environmental

toxicants;


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(e) Participating in interdisciplinary research and development projects working with chemical engineers, biologists, microbiologists, agronomists, geologists or other professionals;

(f) Using micro-organisms to convert substances into new compounds;(g) Determining ways to strengthen or combine materials or develop new materials. (h) Reproducing and synthesizing naturally occurring substances and creating new artificial substances;(i) Preparing scientific papers and reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chemist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Biochemist - 2131 - Pharmacologist - 2131 - Pharmacist – 2262Notes

2114 Geologists and geophysicistsGeologists and geophysicists conduct research; improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to geology and geophysics in such fields as oil, gas and mineral exploration and extraction, water conservation, civil engineering, telecommunications and navigation, and assessment and mitigation of the effects of development and waste disposal projects on the environment.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting research and improving or developing concepts, theories and operational methods

related to geology and geophysics;(b) Studying composition and structure of the Earth’s crust, examining rocks, minerals, fossils and other

materials, to determine processes affecting the development of the Earth, trace evolution of past life, establish nature and chronology of geological formations and assess their commercial applications;

(c) Interpreting research data and preparing geological reports, maps, charts and diagrams, reports and papers;

(d) Applying geological knowledge to problems encountered in civil engineering projects such as the construction of dams, bridges, tunnels, and large buildings; and land reclamation projects;

(e) Using various remote sensing programs to investigate and measure seismic, gravitational, electrical, thermal, and magnetic forces affecting the Earth;

(f) Estimating weight, size and mass of the Earth and composition and structure of its interior, and studying the nature, activity and predictability of volcanoes, glaciers and earthquakes;

(g) Charting the Earth’s magnetic field and applying this and other collected data for broadcasting, navigation and other purposes;

(h) Studying and measuring physical properties of seas and the atmosphere and their inter-relationship, such as the exchange of thermal energy;

(i) Locating and determining the nature and extent of oil, gas and mineral deposits using seismological, gravimetric, magnetic, electrical or radiometric methods;

(j) Identifying deposits of construction materials and determining their characteristics and suitability for use as concrete aggregates, road fill or for other applications;

(k) Researching the movement, distribution and physical properties of ground and surface waters; (l) Advising in areas such as waste management, route and site selection and the restoration of

contaminated sites.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Geological oceanographer - Geologist - Geophysical oceanographer - GeophysicistNotes

212 Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians

Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research, improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical concepts, theories and operational models and techniques and apply this knowledge to a wide range of tasks in such fields as engineering, business and social and other sciences.

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Tasks performed usually include: Studying, improving and developing mathematical, actuarial and statistical theories and techniques; advising on or applying mathematical principles, models and techniques to a wide range of tasks in the fields of engineering, natural, social or life sciences; conducting logical analyzes of management problems, especially in terms of input-output effectiveness, and formulating mathematical models of each problem usually for programming and solution by computer; designing and putting into operation pension schemes and life, health, social and other types of insurance systems; applying mathematics, statistics, probability and risk theory to assess potential financial impacts of future events; planning and organizing surveys and other statistical collections, and designing questionnaires; evaluating, processing, analyzing, and interpreting statistical data and preparing them for publication; advising on or applying various data collection methods and statistical methods and techniques, and determining reliability of findings, especially in such fields as business or medicine as well as in other areas of natural, social or life sciences; preparing scientific papers and reports; supervising the work of mathematical, actuarial and statistical assistants and statistical clerks.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit group: 2120 Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticiansNotes

2120 Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticiansMathematicians, actuaries and statisticians conduct research and improve or develop mathematical, actuarial and statistical concepts, theories and operational methods and techniques and advice on or engage in their practical application in such fields as engineering, business and social and other sciences.

Tasks include -(a) Studying, improving and developing mathematical, actuarial and statistical theories and techniques;(b) Advising on or applying mathematical principles, models and techniques to a wide range of tasks in

the fields of engineering, natural, social or life sciences;(c) Conducting logical analyzes of management problems, especially in terms of input-output effectiveness,

and formulating mathematical models of each problem usually for programming and solution by computer;

(c) Designing and putting into operation pension schemes and life, health, social and other types of insurance systems;

(e) Applying mathematics, statistics, and probability and risk theory to assess potential financial impacts of future events;

(f) Planning and organizing surveys and other statistical collections, and designing questionnaires;(g) Evaluating, processing, analyzing, and interpreting statistical data and preparing them for publication;(h) Advising on or applying various data collection methods and statistical methods and techniques, and

determining reliability of findings, especially in such fields as business or medicine as well as in other areas of natural, social or life sciences;

(i) Preparing scientific papers and reports;(j) Supervising the work of mathematical, actuarial and statistical assistants and statistical clerks.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Actuary - Operations research analyst - Demographer - Mathematician - StatisticianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Actuarial assistant - 3314 - Mathematical assistant - 3314 - Statistical assistant- 3314 - Actuarial clerk - 4312 - Statistical clerk - 4312 - Information systems analyst – 2511

Notes


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213 Life science professionals

Life science professionals apply knowledge gained from research into human, animal and plant life and their interactions with each other and the environment to develop new knowledge, improve agricultural and forestry production, and solve human health and environmental problems.

Tasks performed usually include: Collecting, analyzing and evaluating experimental and field data to identify and develop new processes and techniques; providing advice and support to governments, organizations and businesses about ecological sustainable development of natural resources.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2131 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals 2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers 2133 Environmental protection professionalsNotes

2131 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals

Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals study living organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment, and apply this knowledge to solve human health and environmental problems. They work in diverse fields such as botany, zoology, ecology, marine biology, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, bacteriology and virology.

Tasks include -(a) Undertaking research in laboratories and in the field to increase scientific knowledge of living

organisms; to discover new information; to test hypotheses; to solve problems in areas such as the environment, agriculture and health; and to develop new products, processes and techniques for pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental use;

(b) Designing and conducting experiments and tests;(c) Gathering human, animal, insect and plant specimens and data, and studying their origin, development,

chemical and physical form, structure, composition, and life and reproductive processes;(d) Examining living organisms using a variety of specialized equipment, instruments, technologies and

techniques such as electron microscopes, telemetry, global positioning systems, biotechnology, satellite imaging, genetic engineering, digital imaging analysis, polymerase chain reaction and computer modeling;

(e) Identifying, classifying, recording and monitoring living organisms and maintaining databases;(f) Writing scientific papers and reports detailing research and any new findings which are then made

available to the scientific community in scientific journals or at conferences for scrutiny and further debate;

(g) Designing and carrying out environmental impact assessments to identify changes caused by natural or human factors;

(h) Providing advice to governments, organizations and businesses in areas such as conservation, management of natural resources, the effects of climate change and pollution.

Examples of the occupations classified here: -Animal Behaviorist -Bacteriologist -Biologist -Biotechnologist -Botanist -Cell Geneticist -Marine Biologist - Microbiologist - Molecular Biologist - Molecular Geneticist - ZoologistSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ecologist – 2133Notes

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2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers

Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers study and provide assistance and advice on farm, forestry and fisheries management, including cultivation, fertilization, harvesting, soil erosion and composition, disease prevention, nutrition, crop rotation and marketing. They develop techniques for increasing productivity, and study and develop plans and policies for land and fisheries management.

Tasks include -(a) Collecting and analyzing data and samples related to produce, feed, soil, water quality and other

factors affecting farm, forest or fishery production;(b) Advising on techniques for improving the production of crops, livestock and fish, and alternative

production options; (c) Advising on livestock and crop disease, control of pests and weeds, soil improvement, animal

husbandry and feeding programs; (c) Studying the environmental factors affecting commercial crop production, pasture growth, animal

breeding, fish stocks and the growth and health of forest trees; (e) Studying the effects of cultivation techniques, soils, insects, diseases and fisheries practices on animal,

crop, forestry and fisheries yield;(f) Studying fish migration, growth, feeding and spawning and devising methods of collecting, fertilizing,

incubating and hatching fish eggs; (g) Researching into characteristics, use capability and productivity of soils and applying findings to

development of improved agricultural, horticultural and forestry practices;(h) Developing procedures and techniques for solving agricultural problems and improving the efficiency

of production; (i) Managing forest and fisheries resources to maximize their long-term commercial, recreational and

environmental benefits;(j) Studying the propagation and culture of forest trees, methods for improving the growth of stock, and

the effects of thinning on forest yields; (k) Investigating, planning and implementing management procedures to cope with the effects of fires,

floods, droughts, soil erosion, pests and diseases;(l) Preparing scientific reports and conducting advisory information sessions and lectures for farming,

forestry and fishing communities and other groups.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Agronomist - Fisheries adviser - Forestry scientist - Forestry adviser - Sylviculturist - Soil scientistNotes

2133 Environmental protection professionals

Environmental protection professionals study and assess the effects on the environment of human activity such as air, water and noise pollution, soil contamination, climate change, toxic waste and depletion and degradation of natural resources. They develop plans and solutions to protect, conserve, restore, minimize and prevent further damage to the environment.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting research, performing tests, collecting samples, performing field and laboratory analysis

to identify sources of environmental problems and recommending ways to prevent, control and remediate the impact of environmental problems;

(b) Assessing the likely impact that potential or proposed activities, projects and developments may have on the environment, and recommending whether such developments should proceed;

(c) Developing and coordinating the implementation of environmental management systems to enable organizations to identify monitor and control the impact of their activities, products and services on the environment;

(d) Conducting audits to evaluate environmental impact of existing activities, processes, wastes, noises and substances;

(e) Assessing an organization’s compliance with government and internal environmental regulations and guidelines, identifying violations and determining appropriate remedial action;


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(f) Providing technical advice and support services to organizations on how best to deal with environmental problems in order to reduce environmental damage and minimize financial loss;

(g) Developing conservation plans.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Air Pollution Analyst - Conservation Officer - Conservation Scientist - Ecologist - Environmental Adviser - Environmental Auditor - Environmental Consultant - Environmental Research Scientist - Environmental Scientist - Park Ranger - Water Quality AnalystSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Environmental Engineer - 2143 - Environmental Health Officer – 3257Notes

214 Engineering professionals (excluding electro technology)

Engineering professionals (excluding electro technology) design, plan and organize the testing, construction, installation and maintenance of structures, machines and their components, and production systems and plants, and plan production schedules and work procedures to ensure engineering projects are undertaken safely, efficiently and in a cost effective manner.

Tasks performed usually include:

Planning and designing chemical process systems, civil engineering projects, mechanical equipment and systems, mining and drilling operations, and other engineering projects; specifying and interpreting drawings and plans, and determining construction methods; supervising the construction of structures, water and gas supply and transportation systems, and the manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of equipment, machines and plant; organizing and managing project labour and the delivery of materials, plant and equipment; estimating total costs and preparing detailed cost plans and estimates as tools for budgetary control; resolving design and operational problems in the various fields of engineering through the application of engineering technology.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2141 Industrial and production engineers 2142 Civil engineers 2143 Environmental engineers 2144 Mechanical engineers 2145 Chemical engineers 2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classifiedNotes

2141 Industrial and production engineers

Industrial and production engineers conduct research and design, organize and oversee the construction, operation and maintenance of process plant and installations. They establish programs for the coordination of manufacturing activities; and assess cost effectiveness and safety.

Tasks include -(a) Studying functional statements, organizational charts and project information to determine functions

and responsibilities of workers and work units and to identify areas of duplication;

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(b) Establishing work measurement programs and analyzing work samples to develop standards for labour utilization;

(c) Analyzing workforce utilization, facility layout, operational data and production schedules and costs to determine optimum worker and equipment efficiencies;

(d) Developing specifications for manufacture, and determining materials, equipment, piping, material flows, capacities and layout of plant and systems;

(e) Organizing and managing project labour and the delivery of materials, plant and equipment;(f) Establishing standards and policies for installation, modification, quality control, testing, inspection

and maintenance according to engineering principles and safety regulations;(g) Inspecting plant to improve and maintain performance;(h) Directing the maintenance of plant buildings and equipment, and coordinating the requirements for

new designs, surveys and maintenance schedules;(i) Advising management on new production methods, techniques and equipment;(j) Liaising with materials buying, storing and controlling departments to ensure a steady flow of supplies.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Industrial efficiency engineer - Industrial engineer - Plant engineer - Production engineerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Manufacturing production manager – 1321Notes

2142 Civil engineers

Civil engineers conduct research, advice on, design, and direct construction; manage the operation and maintenance of civil engineering structures; or study and advice on technological aspects of particular materials.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting research and developing new or improved theories and methods related to civil

engineering;(b) Advising on and designing structures such as bridges, dams, docks, roads, airports, railways, canals,

pipelines, waste-disposal and flood-control systems, and industrial and other large buildings;(c) Determining and specifying construction methods, materials and quality standards, and directing

construction work;(d) Establishing control systems to ensure efficient functioning of structures as well as safety and

environmental protection;(e) Organizing and directing maintenance and repair of existing civil engineering structures;(f) Analyzing the behavior of soil and rock when placed under pressure by proposed structures and

designing structural foundations;(g) Analyzing the stability of structures and testing the behavior and durability of materials used in their

construction.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Civil engineer - Geotechnical engineer - Structural engineerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Civil engineering project manager - 1323 - Geoscientist - 2114 - Mining engineer - 2146 - Metallurgist - 2146 - Town and Traffic Planners – 2164Notes


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2143 Environmental engineers

Environmental engineers conduct research, advice on, design and direct implementation of solutions to prevent, control or remedy negative impacts of human activity on the environment utilizing a variety of engineering disciplines. They conduct environmental assessments of construction and civil engineering projects and apply engineering principles to pollution control, recycling and waste disposal.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting research, assessing and reporting on the environmental impact of existing and proposed

construction, civil engineering and other activities;(b) Inspecting industrial and municipal facilities and programs to evaluate operational effectiveness and

ensure compliance with environmental regulations; (c) Designing and overseeing the development of systems, processes and equipment for control,

management, or remediation of water, air, or soil quality;(d) Providing environmental engineering assistance in network analysis, regulatory analysis, and planning

or reviewing database development;(e) Obtaining, updating, and maintaining plans, permits, and standard operating procedures; (f) Providing engineering and technical support for environmental remediation and litigation projects,

including remediation system design and determination of regulatory applicability;(g) Monitoring progress of environmental improvement programs;(h) Advising corporations and government agencies of procedures to follow in cleaning up contaminated

sites to protect people and the environment;(i) Collaborating with environmental scientists, planners, hazardous waste technicians, engineers from

other disciplines, and specialists in law and business to address environmental problems.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Air pollution control engineer - Environmental analyst - Environmental engineer - Environmental remediation specialistNotes

Moved out of 2149

2144 Mechanical engineers

Mechanical engineers conduct research; advise on, design, and direct production of machines, aircraft, ships, machinery and industrial plant, equipment and systems; advise on and direct their functioning, maintenance and repair; or study and advise on mechanical aspects of particular materials, products or processes.

Tasks include -(a) Advising on and designing machinery and tools for manufacturing, mining, construction, agricultural,

and other industrial purposes;(b) Advising on and designing steam, internal combustion and other non-electric motors and engines

used for propulsion of railway locomotives, road vehicles or aircraft, or for driving industrial or other machinery;

(c) Advising on and designing: hulls, superstructures and propulsion systems of ships; mechanical plant and equipment for the release, control and utilization of energy; heating, ventilation and refrigeration systems, steering gear, pumps, and other mechanical equipment;

(d) Advising on and designing airframes, undercarriages and other equipment for aircraft as well as suspension systems, brakes, vehicle bodies and other components of road vehicles;

(e) Advising on and designing non-electrical parts of apparatus or products such as word processors, computers, precision instruments, cameras and projectors;

(f) Establishing control standards and procedures to ensure efficient functioning and safety of machines, machinery, tools, motors, engines, industrial plant, equipment, or systems;

(g) Ensuring that equipment, operation and maintenance comply with design specifications and safety standards.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aeronautical engineer - Marine architect - Marine engineer - Mechanical engineerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ships’ engineer – 3151Notes

2145 Chemical engineers

Chemical engineers conduct research and develop advice on and direct commercial-scale chemical processes and production of various substances and items such as crude oil, petroleum derivatives, food and drink products, medicines, or synthetic materials. They direct maintenance and repair of chemical plant and equipment and study and advice on chemical aspects of particular materials, products or processes.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting research and advising on, and developing commercial-scale chemical processes to

refine crude oil and other liquids or gases, and to produce substances and items such as petroleum derivatives, explosives, food and drink products, medicines, or synthetic materials;

(b) Specifying chemical production methods, materials and quality standards and ensuring that they conform to specifications;

(c) Establishing control standards and procedures to ensure safety and efficiency of chemical production operations and safety of workers operating equipment or working in close proximity to on-going chemical reactions;

(d) Designing chemical plant equipment and devising processes for manufacturing chemicals and products;

(e) Performing tests throughout stages of production to determine degree of control over variables, including temperature, density, specific gravity, and pressure;

(f) Developing safety procedures to be employed;(g) Preparing estimates of production costs and production progress reports for management;(h) Performing laboratory studies of steps in manufacture of new products and testing proposed process

in small scale operation such as a pilot plant.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chemical engineer - Fuel technologist - Plastics technologist - Refinery process engineerNotes

2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals

Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals conduct research on and , design and develop and maintain commercial-scale methods of extracting metals from their ores, or minerals, water, oil or gas from the earth and of developing new alloys, ceramic and other materials, or study and advise on mining or metallurgical aspects of particular materials, products or processes.

Tasks include -(a) Determining the location and planning the extraction of coal, metallic ores, non-metallic minerals,

and building materials, such as stone and gravel;(b) Determining most suitable methods of efficient mining and extraction, types of machinery to be used,

planning layout and directing construction of shafts and tunnels;(c) Determining drilling site and devising methods of controlling the flow of water, oil or gas from wells;(d) Planning and directing storage, initial treatment and transportation of water, oil or gas;(e) Establishing safety standards and procedures and first-aid facilities, especially underground;(f) Conducting research, developing methods of extracting metals from their ores and advising on their

application;


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(g) Investigating properties of metals and alloys, developing new alloys and advising on and supervising technical aspects of metal and alloy manufacture and processing;

(h) Maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialists such as geologists and geophysicists;

(i) Examining deposits or mines to evaluate profitability.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Extractive metallurgist, - Mining engineer - Petroleum and natural gas engineerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Geologist - 2114 - Geophysicist – 2114Notes

2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers engineering professionals not classified elsewhere in minor group 214, Engineering professionals (excluding electro technology) or in minor group 215, Electro technology engineers. For instance, the group includes those who conduct research, advise on or develop engineering procedures and solutions concerning workplace safety, biomedical engineering, optics, materials, nuclear power generation and explosives.

In such cases tasks would include -(a) Applying knowledge of engineering to the design, development, and evaluation of biological and

health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, and instrumentation;(b) Designing devices used in various medical procedures, imaging systems such as magnetic resonance

imaging, and devices for automating insulin injections or controlling body functions;(c) Designing components of optical instruments such as lenses, microscopes, telescopes, lasers, optical

disc systems and other equipment that utilize the properties of light; (d) Designing, testing, and coordinating the development of explosive ordnance material to meet military

procurement specifications;(e) Designing and overseeing construction and operation of nuclear reactors and power plants and

nuclear fuels reprocessing and reclamation systems;(f) Designing and developing nuclear equipment such as reactor cores, radiation shielding, and associated

instrumentation and control mechanisms;(g) Assessing damage and providing calculations for marine salvage operations;(h) studying and advising on engineering aspects of particular manufacturing processes, such as those

related to glass, ceramics, textiles, leather products, wood, and printing;(i) Identifying potential hazards and introducing safety procedures and devices.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Biomedical engineer - Explosive ordnance engineer - Marine salvage engineer - Materials engineer - Optical engineer - Safety engineerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Industrial and production engineer - 2141 - Environmental engineer - 2143 - Surveyor – 2165Notes

215 Electro technology engineers

Electro technology engineers conduct research on and design, advise, plan and direct the construction and operation of electronic, electrical and telecommunications systems, components, motors, and equipment. They organize and establish control systems to monitor the performance and safety of electrical and electronic assemblies and systems.

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Tasks performed usually include: Conducting research, advising on and directing the maintenance and repair of electrical, electronic and telecommunications products and systems; advising on and designing power stations and systems that generate, transmit and distribute electrical power; establishing control standards to monitor performance and safety of electrical, electronic and telecommunication systems and equipment.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2151 Electrical engineers 2152 Electronics engineers 2153 Telecommunications engineersNotes

2151 Electrical engineers

Electrical engineers conduct research and advice on, design, and direct the construction and operation of electrical systems, components, motors and equipment, and advice on and direct their functioning, maintenance and repair, or study and advice on technological aspects of electrical engineering materials, products and processes.

Tasks include -(a) Advising on and designing power stations and systems which generate , transmit and distribute

electrical power;(b) Supervising, controlling and monitoring the operation of electrical generation, transmission and

distribution systems;(c) Advising on and designing systems for electrical motors, electrical traction and other equipment, or

electrical domestic appliances;(d) Specifying electrical installation and application in industrial and other buildings and objects;(e) Establishing control standards and procedures to monitor performance and safety of electrical

generating and distribution systems, motors and equipment;(f) Determining manufacturing methods for electrical systems, as well as maintenance and repair of

existing electrical systems, motors and equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here - Electric power generation engineer - Electrical engineer - Electromechanical engineerExamples of the occupations classified here: - Nuclear power generation engineer - 2149 - Electronics engineer - 2152 - Telecommunications Engineer - 2153 - Broadcast Engineer – 2153Notes

2152 Electronics engineers

Electronics engineers conduct research on, design, and direct the construction functioning, maintenance and repair of electronic systems and study and advice on technological aspects of electronic engineering materials, products or processes. Tasks include -(a) Advising on and designing electronic devices or components, circuits, semi-conductors, and systems;(b) Specifying production or installation methods, materials and quality standards and directing

production or installation work of electronic products and systems;(c) Establishing control standards and procedures to ensure efficient functioning and safety of electronic

systems, motors and equipment;(d) Organizing and directing maintenance and repair of existing electronic systems and equipment;(e) Designing electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as aerospace guidance and

propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls;(f) Researching and advising on radar, telemetry and remote control systems, microwaves and other

electronic equipment;


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(g) Designing and developing signal processing algorithms and implementing these through appropriate choice of hardware and software;

(h) Developing apparatus and procedures to test electronic components, circuits and systems.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Computer hardware engineer - Electronics engineer - Instrumentation engineer

Telecommunications Engineer – 2153

Notes

2153 Telecommunications engineers

Telecommunications engineers conduct research and advice on, design, and direct the construction functioning, maintenance and repair of telecommunication systems and equipment. They study and advise on technological aspects of telecommunication engineering materials, products or processes.

Tasks include -(a) Advising on and designing telecommunications devices or components, systems, equipment and

distribution centers;(b) specifying production or installation methods, materials, quality and safety standards and directing

production or installation work of telecommunications products and systems;(c) Organizing and directing maintenance and repair of existing telecommunication systems, motors and

equipment;(d) Researching and advising on telecommunications equipment;(e) Planning and designing communications networks based on wired, fibre optical and wireless

communication media; (f) Designing and developing signal processing algorithms and implementing these through appropriate

choice of hardware and software;(g) Designing telecommunications networks and radio and television distribution systems, including both

cable and over the air.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Broadcast engineer - Telecommunications engineer - Telecommunications engineering technologistSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Electronics engineer – 2152Notes

216 Architects, planners, surveyors and designers

Architects, planners, surveyors and designers plan and design landscapes, building exteriors and interiors; products for manufacture; and information for visual communication, publication and display. They conduct survey work to precisely position geographical features, design, prepare and revise maps, and develop and implement plans and policies for controlling the use of land.

Tasks performed usually include: Determining the objectives and constraints of the design brief by consulting with clients and stakeholders; formulating design concepts and plans that harmonise aesthetic considerations with technical, functional, ecological and production requirements; preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations, animations; plans, maps, charts, samples and models to communicate design concepts and other information; analyzing photographs, satellite imagery, survey documents and data, maps, records, reports and statistics; undertaking research and analyzing functional, spatial, commercial, cultural, safety, environmental and aesthetic requirements.

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Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2161 Building architects 2162 Landscape architects 2163 Product and garment designers 2164Town and traffic planners 2165Cartographers and surveyors 2166 Graphic and multimedia designersNotes

2161 Building architects

Building architects design commercial, industrial, institutional, residential and recreational buildings and plan and monitor their construction, maintenance and rehabilitation.

Tasks include -(a) Developing new or improved architectural theories and methods;(b) Inspecting sites and consulting clients, management and other stakeholders to determine type, style

and size of proposed buildings and alterations to existing buildings;(c) Providing information regarding designs, materials and estimated building times;(d) Preparing project documentation, including sketches and scale drawings, and integrating structural,

mechanical and aesthetic elements in final designs;(e) Writing specifications and contract documents for use by builders and calling tenders on behalf of

clients;(f) Making necessary contacts to ensure feasibility of projects regarding style, cost, timing, and compliance

with regulations;(g) Identifying and finding best solutions for problems regarding function and quality of interior

environments of buildings and making necessary designs, drawings and plans;(h) Monitoring construction or rehabilitation work to ensure compliance with specifications and quality

standards;(i) Maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialists.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Building architect - Interior architectSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Landscape architect - 2162 - Interior decorator - 3432 - Interior designer – 3432Notes

2162 Landscape architects

Landscape architects plan and design landscapes and open spaces for projects such as, parks, schools, institutions, roads, external areas for commercial, industrial and residential sites, and plan and monitor their construction, maintenance and rehabilitation.

Tasks include -(a) Developing new or improved theories and methods in landscape architecture;(b) Inspecting sites and consulting clients, management and other stakeholders to determine type, style

and size of proposed buildings, parks, roads and other open spaces;(c) Compiling and analyzing site and community data about geographical and ecological features,

landforms, soils, vegetation, site hydrology, visual characteristics and human-made structures, to formulate land use and development recommendations, and for preparing environmental impact statements;

(d) Preparing reports, site plans, working drawings, specifications and cost estimates for land development, showing location and details of proposals, including ground modeling, structures, vegetation and access;

(e) Writing specifications and contract documents for use by builders and civil engineering contractors and calling tenders on behalf of clients;


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(f) Making necessary contacts to ensure feasibility of projects regarding style, cost, timing, and compliance with regulations;

(g) Identifying and finding best solutions for problems regarding function and quality of exterior environments and making necessary designs, drawings and plans;

(h) Monitoring construction or rehabilitation work to ensure compliance with specifications and quality standards;

(i) Maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialists.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Landscape architect

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Building architect - 2161 - Urban planner – 2164Notes

2163 Product and garment designers

Product and garment designers design and develop products for manufacture and prepare designs and specifications of products for mass, batch and one-off production.

Tasks include -(a) Determining the objectives and constraints of the design brief by consulting with clients and

stakeholders;(b) Formulating design concepts for clothing, textiles, industrial, commercial and consumer products,

and jewellery;(c) Harmonizing aesthetic considerations with technical, functional, ecological and production

requirements;(d) Preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations, plans, samples and models to communicate design

concepts;(e) Negotiating design solutions with clients, management, and sales and manufacturing staff;(f) Selecting, specifying and recommending functional and aesthetic materials, production methods and

finishes for manufacture;(g) Detailing and documenting the selected design for production;(h) Preparing and commissioning prototypes and samples;(i) Supervising the preparation of patterns, programs and tooling, and the manufacturing process.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Costume designer - Fashion designer - Industrial designer - Jewellery designerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Engine designer - 2144 - Building architect - 2161 - Landscape architect - 2162 - Interior designer – 3432Notes

2164 Town and traffic planners

Town and traffic planners develop and implement plans and policies for the controlled use of urban and rural land and for traffic systems. They conduct research and provide advice on economic, environmental and social factors affecting land use and traffic flows.

Tasks include -(a) Planning layout and coordinating development of urban areas;(b) Compiling and analyzing data on economic, legal, political, cultural, demographic, sociological,

physical and environmental factors affecting land use;

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(c) Conferring with government authorities, communities and specialists in fields such as architecture, planning, and social science the environment and the law;

(d) Devising and recommending use and development of land, and presenting narrative and graphic plans, programs and designs to groups and individuals;

(e) Advising governments, companies and communities on urban and regional planning issues and proposals;

(f) Reviewing and evaluating environmental impact reports;(g) Planning layout and coordinating development of urban areas;(h) Planning and the development of land areas for parks, schools, institutions, airports, roadways and

related projects, and for commercial, industrial and residential sites;(i) Planning and advising on routing and control of road traffic and public transportation systems for

efficiency and safety.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Land Planner - Traffic planner - Urban PlannerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Building architect - 2161 - Landscape architect – 2162Notes

2165 Cartographers and surveyors

Cartographers and surveyors determine the exact position of, or prepare and revise digital, graphic and pictorial maps, charts or other visual representation of, natural and constructed features and boundaries of land, seas, underground areas and celestial bodies, applying scientific and mathematical principles.

Tasks include -(a) Surveying, measuring and describing land surfaces, mines, underground surfaces, sea, river and lake

beds;(b) Noting exact position of various features and recording survey data in digital form;(c) Making charts and maps to be used in determining navigable waters and channels and in planning

construction of marine structures;(d) Planning and conducting aerial photographic surveys; (e) Designing, compiling and revising maps and charts using aerial and other photographs, satellite

imagery, survey documents and data, existing maps and records, reports and statistics;(f) Undertaking research and development of surveying and photogrammetric measurement systems,

cadastral systems and land information systems;(g) Studying and advising on technical, aesthetic and economic aspects of map production;(h) Maintaining technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialists.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aerial surveyor, - Cadastral Surveyor - Cartographer - Hydrographic surveyor, - Land surveyor - Mine surveyor - PhotogrammetristSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Quantity Surveyor- 2149 - Building Surveyor - 3112 - Marine Surveyor – 3115Notes


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2166 Graphic and multimedia designers

Graphic and multimedia designers design information content for visual and audio communication, publication and display using print, film, electronic, digital and other forms of visual and audio media. They create special effects, animation, or other visual images for use in computer games, movies, music videos, print media and advertisements.


stakeholders;(b) Undertaking research and analyzing functional communication requirements;(c) Formulating design concepts for the subject to be communicated;(d) Preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations and layouts to communicate design concepts;(e) Designing complex graphics and animation to satisfy functional, aesthetic and creative requirements

of the design brief; (f) Creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional images depicting objects in motion or illustrating a

process, using computer animation or modeling programs;(g) Negotiating design solutions with clients, management, sales and production staff;(h) Selecting, specifying or recommending functional and aesthetic materials and media for publication,

delivery or display;(i) Detailing and documenting the selected design for production;(j) Supervising or carrying out production in the chosen media.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Animator, - Digital artist, - Graphic designer - Illustrator - Multimedia designer - Publication designer - Web designerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Interior architect - 2161 - Interior designer -3432 - Multimedia developer – 2513 - Visual artist - 2651 - Web developer – 2513Notes

22 Health professionals

Health professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, and apply scientific knowledge relating to medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, and promotion of health.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Conducting research and obtaining scientific knowledge through the study of human and animal disorders and illnesses and ways of treating them; advising on or applying preventive and curative measures, or promoting health; preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 221 Medical doctors 222 Nursing and midwifery professionals 223 Traditional and complementary medicine professionals 224 Paramedical practitioners 225 Veterinarians 226 Other health professionalsNotes

In using ISCO in applications that seek to identify, describe or measure the health work force, it should be noted that a number of professions considered to be a part of the health work force are classified in groups other than sub-major group 22, Health professionals. Such occupations include but are not restricted to: addictions counselors, biomedical engineers, clinical psychologists and medical physicists.

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221 Medical doctors

Medical doctors study, diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of the principles and procedures of modern medicine. They plan, supervise and evaluate the implementation of care and treatment plans by other health care providers, and conduct medical education and research activities.

Tasks performed usually include: Conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to determine their health status; ordering diagnostic tests and analyzing findings; prescribing and administering curative treatments and preventive measures; performing surgery and other clinical procedures; monitoring patients’ progress and response to treatment; advising on health, nutrition and lifestyle behaviors which aid prevention or treatment of disease and disorders; identifying and managing complications before, during and after childbirth; planning, managing and implementing referral plans for patients in need of specialized, long-term or other types of health care services; exchanging medical information with other health professionals to ensure continuing and comprehensive care; reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities; conducting research into human disorders and illnesses and preventive or curative methods.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2211 Generalist medical practitioners 2212 Specialist medical practitionersNotes

2211 Generalist medical practitioners

Generalist medical practitioners diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments and maintain general health in humans through application of the principles and procedures of modern medicine. They do not limit their practice to certain disease categories or methods of treatment, and may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families and communities.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to determine

their health status (b) Ordering laboratory tests, X-rays and other diagnostic procedures and analyzing findings to determine

the nature of disorders or illnesses;(c) Providing continuing medical care for patients including prescribing, administering, counseling on

and monitoring curative treatments and preventive measures;(d) Performing surgery and other clinical procedures;(e) Advising individuals, families and communities on health, nutrition and lifestyle which aid prevention

or treatment of disease and disorders;(f) Providing referrals to patients and families for specialized care in hospitals, rehabilitation centers or

other types of health care centers;(g) Identifying, managing and providing referrals for complications before, during and after childbirth;(h) Recording patients’ medical information and history and exchanging information with specialist

practitioners and other health workers as required for continuing medical care;(i) Reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities to meet legal and

professional requirements; (j) Conducting research in human health and medical services and disseminating the findings such as

through scientific reports(k) Planning and participating in programs designed to prevent the occurrence and spread of common

diseases.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - District medical doctor - therapist - Family medical practitioner - General practitioner - Medical doctor (general) - Medical officer (general)


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- Resident medical officer specializing in general practice - Physician (general) - Primary health care physicianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Specialist physician (internal medicine) - 2212 - Surgeon - 2212 - Psychiatrist - 2212 - Clinical officer - 2240 - Feldscher – 2240Notes

Occupations included in this category require completion of a university-level degree in basic medical education plus postgraduate clinical training or equivalent for competent performance. Medical interns who have completed their university education in basic medical education and are undertaking postgraduate clinical training are included here. Although in some countries ‘general practice’ and ‘family medicine’ may be considered as medical specializations, these occupations should always be classified here.

2212 Specialist medical practitioners

Specialist medical practitioners diagnose, treat and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans, using specialized testing, diagnostic, medical, surgical, physical and psychiatric techniques, through application of the principles and procedures of modern medicine. They specialize in certain disease categories, types of patient or methods of treatment and may conduct medical education and research in their chosen areas of specialization.


their health status; (b) Considering medical information provided by a referring doctor or other health care provider,(c) Ordering specialized diagnostic tests to determine the nature of disorders or illnesses;(d) Prescribing, administering and monitoring patients’ responses to treatments, medications, anesthetics,

psychotherapies, physical rehabilitation programmes and other preventive and curative measures;(e) Performing surgery of a general or specialized nature;(f) Managing complications before, during and after childbirth;(g) Recording patients’ medical information and exchanging information with other health professionals

to ensure the provision of comprehensive care;(h) Reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities to meet legal and

professional requirements;(i) Providing information to patients and families and communities about preventive measures, treatment

and care for specific ailments;(j) Performing autopsies to determine cause of death; (k) Conducting research into specific human disorders and illnesses and preventive or curative methods

and disseminating the findings such as through scientific reports;(l) Planning and participating in programs designed to prevent the occurrence and spread of specific

diseases.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Anesthetist - Cardiologist - Emergency medicine specialist - Gynecologist - Obstetrician - Ophthalmologist - Pediatrician - Pathologist - Preventive medicine specialist - Psychiatrist - Radiologist - Resident medical officer in specialist training - Specialist physician (internal medicine) - Surgeon

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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Biomedical researcher - 2131 - General practitioner - 2211 - Dental practitioner - 2261 - Dental surgeon - 2261 - Oral and maxillofacial surgeon - 2261 - Clinical psychologist – 2634NotesOccupations included in this category require completion of a university-level degree in basic medical education plus postgraduate clinical training in a medical specialization (except general practice) or equivalent. Resident medical officers training as specialist practitioners (except general practice) are included here. Although in some countries ‘stomatology’ may be considered as a medical specialization, stomatologists should be included in Unit group -2261, Dentists. Medical research professionals who participate in biomedical research using living organisms and do not undertake clinical practice are classified in Unit group 2131, Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals.

222 Nursing and midwifery professionals

Nursing and midwifery professionals provide treatment and care services for people who are physically or mentally ill, disabled or infirm, and others in need of care due to potential risks to health including before, during and after childbirth. They assume responsibility for the planning, management and evaluation of the care of patients, including the supervision of other health care workers, working autonomously or in teams with medical doctors and others in the practical application of preventive and curative measures.

Tasks performed usually include:Assessing, planning, providing and evaluating nursing and midwifery care for patients according to the practice and standards of modern nursing and midwifery; coordinating the care of patients in consultation with other health professionals and members of health teams; developing and implementing care plans, treatments and therapies, including administering medications; monitoring and alleviating pain and discomfort experienced by patients using a variety of therapies, including the use of pain-killing drugs; monitoring patients’ health condition, including progress of pregnancy and responses to curative treatment; providing information to patients, families and communities about a range of health issues, including prevention of illness, treatment and care, pregnancy and childbirth, and other topics; supervising and coordinating the work of other health care workers; conducting research on nursing and midwifery practice and preparing scientific papers and reports.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2221 Nursing professionals 2222 Midwifery professionalsNotes

2221 Nursing professionals

Nursing professionals provide treatment, support and care services for people who are in need of nursing care due to the effects of ageing, injury, and illness or other physical or mental impairment, or potential risks to health. They assume responsibility for the planning and management of the care of patients, including the supervision of other health care workers, working autonomously or in teams with medical doctors and others in the practical application of preventive and curative measures.

Tasks include -(a) Planning, providing and evaluating nursing care for patients according to the practice and standards

of modern nursing; (b) Coordinating the care of patients in consultation with other health professionals and members of

health teams; (c) Developing and implementing care plans for the biological, social, and psychological treatment of

patients in collaboration with other health professionals; (d) Planning and providing personal care, treatments and therapies including administer in medications,

and monitoring responses to treatment or care plan;(e) Cleaning wounds and applying surgical dressings and bandages(f) Monitoring pain and discomfort experienced by patients and alleviating pain using a variety of

therapies, including the use of pain-killing drugs;


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(g) Planning and participating in health education programmes, health promotion and nurse education activities in clinical and community settings;

(h) Answering questions from patients and families and providing information about prevention of ill-health, treatment and care;

(i) Supervising and coordinating the work of other nursing, health and personal care workers; (j) Conducting research on nursing practices and procedures and disseminating findings such as through

scientific papers and reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clinical nurse - District nurse - Nurse anesthetist - Nurse educator - Nurse practitioner - Professional Nurse - Public health nurse - Specialist nurseSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Professional midwife - 2222 - Paramedical practitioner - 2240 - University lecturer - 2310 - Vocational education teacher - 2320 - Associate professional nurse - 3221 - Associate professional midwife - 3222 - Nursing aide (hospital) – 5321Notes

The distinction between professional and associate professional nurses should be made on the basis of the nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specified in this definition. The qualifications held by individuals or that predominate in the country are not the main factor in making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses vary widely between countries and have varied over time within countries. Nurses who combine nursing education or research with clinical nursing practice are classified in Unit group 2221, Nursing professionals. Nursing researchers who participate in biomedical research using living organisms and do not undertake clinical nursing practice are classified in Unit group 2131, Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals.

2222 Midwifery professionals

Midwifery professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate midwifery care services before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. They provide delivery care for reducing health risks to women and newborn children, working autonomously or in teams with other health care providers.

Tasks include -(a) Planning, providing and evaluating care and support services for women and babies before, during

and after pregnancy and childbirth according to the practice and standards of modern midwifery care; (b) Providing advice to women and families and conducting community education on health, nutrition,

hygiene, exercise, birth and emergency plans, breastfeeding, infant care, family planning and contraception, lifestyle and other topics related to pregnancy and childbirth;

(c) Assessing progress during pregnancy and childbirth, managing complications and recognizing warning signs requiring referral to a medical doctor with specialized skills in obstetrics;

(d) Monitoring the health status of newborns, managing complications and recognizing warning signs requiring referral to a medical doctor with specialized skills in neonatology;

(e) Monitoring pain and discomfort experienced by women during labour and delivery and alleviating pain using a variety of therapies, including the use of pain-killing drugs;

(f) Reporting births to government authorities to meet legal and professional requirements;(g) Conducting research on midwifery practices and procedures and disseminating findings such as

through scientific papers and reports;(h) Planning and conducting midwifery education activities in clinical and community settings.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Professional midwife

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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Professional Nurse - 2221 - Associate professional nurse - 3221 - Associate professional midwife - 3222 - Nursing aide (hospital) – 5321Notes

The distinctions between nursing and midwifery professionals and associate professionals should be made on the basis of the nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specified in this definition. The qualifications held by individuals or that predominate in the country are not the main factor in making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses and midwives vary widely between countries and have varied over time within countries. Midwives who combine midwifery education or research with clinical midwifery practice are classified in Unit group 2222, Midwifery professionals.

223 Traditional and complementary medicine professionals

Traditional and complementary medicine professionals prevent, diagnose and treat illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments and maintain general health in humans by applying knowledge, skills and practices acquired through extensive study of the theories, beliefs and experiences, originating in specific cultures.

Tasks performed usually include: Conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to determine their health status; developing and implementing treatment plans for physical, mental and psychosocial ailments using applications such as acupuncture, ayurvedic, homoeopathic and herbal medicine; evaluating and documenting patients’ progress through treatment plans; providing health, nutrition and lifestyle advice to individuals, families and communities; prescribing and preparing traditional medicines, such as herbal, plant, mineral and animal extracts, to stimulate the body’s capacity for self-healing; exchanging information about patients with other health care workers as needed to ensure continuing and comprehensive health care; conducting research into traditional and complementary medicines and treatments and disseminating findings such as through scientific papers and reports.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2230 Traditional and complementary medicine professionalsNotes

2230 Traditional and complementary medicine professionals

Traditional and complementary medicine professionals prevent, diagnose and treat illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments and maintain general health in humans by applying knowledge, skills and practices acquired through extensive study of the theories, beliefs and experiences, originating in specific cultures

Tasks include: (a) Conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to determine

their health status; (b) Developing and implementing treatment plans for physical, mental and psychosocial ailments using

applications such as acupuncture, ayurvedic, homoeopathic and herbal medicine;(c) Evaluating and documenting patients’ progress through treatment plans;(d) Providing health, nutrition and lifestyle advice to individuals, families and communities; (e) Prescribing and preparing traditional medicines, such as herbal, plant, mineral and animal extracts,

to stimulate the body’s capacity for self-healing; (f) Exchanging information about patients with other health care workers as needed to ensure continuing

and comprehensive health care; (g) Conducting research into traditional and complementary medicines and treatments and disseminating

findings such as through scientific papers and reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Acupuncturist - Ayurvedic practitioner


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- Chinese herbal medicine practitioner - Homeopath - Naturopath - Unani practitionerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Herbalist - 3230 - Witch doctor - 3230 - Village healer - 3230 - Scraping and cupping therapist - 3230 - Acupressure therapist - 3255 - Shiatsu therapist - 3255 - Hydro therapist - 3255 - Chiropractor - 3259 - Osteopath - 3259 - Faith healer – 3413Notes

Occupations in traditional and complementary medicine whose practice requires an extensive understanding of the benefits and applications of traditional and complementary therapies, developed as the result of extended formal study of these techniques as well as human anatomy and elements of modern medicine, are classified in Unit group 2230, Traditional and complementary medicine professionals. Those whose practice requires a less extensive understanding based on relatively short periods of formal or informal education and training, or informally through the traditions and practices of the communities where they originated, are included in Unit group 3230, Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals. Practitioners working in the singular application of approaches to herbal medicines, spiritual therapies or manual therapeutic techniques are excluded from Unit group 2230.

224 Paramedical practitioners

Paramedical practitioners provide advisory, diagnostic, curative and preventive medical services for humans more limited in scope and complexity than those carried out by medical doctors. They work autonomously or with limited supervision of medical doctors, and apply advanced clinical procedures for treating and preventing diseases, injuries and other physical or mental impairments common to specific communities.

Tasks performed usually include:Conducting physical examinations of patients and interviewing them and their families to determine their health status and recording patients’ medical information; performing basic or more routine medical and surgical procedures, including prescribing and administering treatments, medications and other preventive or curative measures, especially for common diseases and disorders; administering or ordering diagnostic tests, such as x-ray, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests; performing therapeutic procedures, such as injections, immunizations, suturing and wound care, and infection management; assisting medical doctors with complex surgical procedures; monitoring patients’ progress and response to treatment, and identifying signs and symptoms requiring referral to medical doctors; advising patients and families on diet, exercise and other habits which aid prevention or treatment of disease and disorders; identifying and referring complex or unusual cases to medical doctors, hospitals or other places for specialized care; reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities to meet legal and professional reporting requirements.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2240 Paramedical practitionersNotes

2240 Paramedical practitioners

Paramedical practitioners provide advisory, diagnostic, curative and preventive medical services for humans more limited in scope and complexity than those carried out by medical doctors. They work autonomously, or with limited supervision of medical doctors, and apply advanced clinical procedures for treating and preventing diseases, injuries and other physical or mental impairments common to specific communities.

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their health status, and recording patients’ medical information;(b) Performing basic or more routine medical and surgical procedures, including prescribing and

administering treatments, medications and other preventive or curative measures, especially for common diseases and disorders;

(c) Administering or ordering diagnostic tests, such as x-ray, electrocardiogram, and laboratory tests; (d) Performing therapeutic procedures, such as injections, immunizations, suturing and wound care, and

infection management;(e) Assisting medical doctors with complex surgical procedures; (f) Monitoring patients’ progress and response to treatment, and identifying signs and symptoms

requiring referral to medical doctors;(g) Advising patients and families on diet exercise and other habits which aid prevention or treatment of

disease and disorders; (h) Identifying and referring complex or unusual cases to medical doctors, hospitals or other places for

specialized care;(i) Reporting births, deaths and notifiable diseases to government authorities to meet legal and

professional reporting requirements.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Advanced care paramedic - Clinical officer (paramedical) - Feldscher - Primary care paramedic - Surgical technicianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - General practitioner - 2211 - Surgeon - 2212 - Medical assistant - 3256 - Emergency paramedic – 3258Notes

Occupations included in this category normally require completion of tertiary-level training in theoretical and practical medical services. Workers providing services limited to emergency treatment and ambulance practice are classified in unit group 3258, Ambulance workers.

225 Veterinarians

Veterinarians diagnose, prevent and treat diseases, injuries and dysfunctions of animals. They may provide care to a wide range of animals or specialize in the treatment of a particular animal group or in a particular specialty area, or provide professional services to commercial firms producing biological and pharmaceutical products

Tasks performed usually include: Determining the presence and nature of abnormal conditions by physical examination, laboratory testing and through diagnostic imaging techniques including radiography and ultrasound; treating animals medically and surgically, and administering and prescribing drugs, analgesics, and general and local anesthetics; performing surgery, dressing wounds and setting broken bones; rendering obstetric services to animals; participating in programs designed to prevent the occurrence and spread of animal diseases; inoculating animals against, and testing for, infectious diseases and notifying authorities of outbreaks of infectious animal diseases; performing autopsies to determine cause of death; advising clients on health, nutrition and feeding, hygiene, breeding and care of animals.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2250 VeterinariansNotes


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2250 Veterinarians

Veterinarians diagnose, prevent and treat diseases, injuries and dysfunctions of animals. They may provide care to a wide range of animals or specialize in the treatment of a particular animal group or in a particular specialty area, or provide professional services to commercial firms producing biological and pharmaceutical products.

Tasks include -(a) Determining the presence and nature of abnormal conditions by physical examination, laboratory

testing and through diagnostic imaging techniques including radiography and ultrasound; (b) Treating animals medically and surgically, and administering and prescribing drugs, analgesics, and

general and local anesthetics; (c) Performing surgery, dressing wounds and setting broken bones; (d) Rendering obstetric and dental services to animals;(e) Participating in programs designed to prevent the occurrence and spread of animal diseases;(f) Inoculating animals against, and testing for, infectious diseases and notifying authorities of outbreaks

of infectious animal diseases; (g) Performing autopsies to determine cause of death; (h) Advising clients on health, nutrition and feeding, hygiene, breeding and care of animals;(i) Providing euthanasia services for animals.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Animal pathologist - Veterinarian - Veterinary epidemiologist - Veterinary intern - Veterinary surgeonNotes

226 Other health professionals

Other health professionals provide health services related to dentistry, pharmacy, environmental health and hygiene, occupational health and safety, physiotherapy, nutrition, hearing, speech, vision and rehabilitation therapies. This minor group includes all human health professionals, except doctors, traditional and complementary medicine practitioners, veterinarians, nurses, midwives and paramedical professionals.

Tasks performed may include:Assessing patients or clients to determine the nature of the disorder, illness or problem; developing and implementing treatment plans and evaluating and documenting patients’ progress; diagnosing and treating diseases, injuries and malformations of the teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues; storing, preserving, compounding testing and dispensing medicinal products and counselling on their proper use and adverse effects; assessing, planning and implementing programs to recognise, monitor and control environmental factors that can potentially affect human health, to improve or restore human motor functions, maximize movement ability, relieve pain syndromes, or to enhance the impact of food and nutrition on human health; diagnosing, managing and treating physical disorders affecting human hearing, communication or swallowing, or disorders of the eyes and visual system; advising clients about continued treatment and care and providing or arranging rehabilitation services; referring clients to or conferring with other health professionals or associate professionals if required.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2261 Dentists 2262 Pharmacists 2263 Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals 2264 Physiotherapists 2265 Dieticians and nutritionists 2266 Audiologists and speech therapists 2267 Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians 2269 Health professionals not elsewhere classifiedNotes

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2261 Dentists

Dentists diagnose, treat and prevent diseases, injuries and abnormalities of the teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues by applying the principles and procedures of modern dentistry. They use a broad range of specialized diagnostic, surgical and other techniques to promote and restore oral health.

Tasks include -(a) Diagnosing diseases, injuries, irregularities and malformations of teeth and associated structures in the

mouth and jaw using a range of methods such as radiographs, salivary tests and medical histories; (b) Providing preventative oral health care such as periodontal treatments, fluoride applications and oral

health promotion; (c) Administering anaesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures (d) Prescribing medication for relief of ongoing pain after procedures(e) Providing restorative oral care such as implants, complex crown and bridge restorations, and

orthodontics, and repairing damaged and decayed teeth; (f) Providing surgical treatments such as extraction of teeth, biopsy of tissue, and performing orthodontic

treatment; (g) Measuring and taking impressions of patients’ jaws and teeth in order to determine the shape and size

of dental prostheses;(h) Designing, making, and fitting prosthodontic appliances such as space maintainers, bridges, and

dentures, or writing fabrication instructions or prescriptions for dental prosthetic technicians;(i) Restoring oral function with removable and fixed oral prostheses; (j) Assisting in diagnosing general diseases having oral manifestations such as diabetes; (k) Educating patients and families on dental hygiene, nutrition and other measures to take care of oral

health;(l) Supervising dental hygienists, dental assistants and other staff.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dental Practitioner - Dental Surgeon - Dentist - Endodontist - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon - Oral Pathologist - Orthodontist - Paedodontist - Periodontist - Prosthodontist - StomatologistNotesOccupations included in this category normally require completion of university-level training in theoretical and practical dentistry or a related field. Although in some countries ‘stomatology’ and ‘dental, oral and maxillofacial surgery’ may be considered as medical specializations, occupations in these fields should always be classified here.

2262 Pharmacists

Pharmacists store, preserve, compound, and dispense medicinal products and counsel on the proper use and adverse effects of drugs and medicines following prescriptions issued by medical doctors and other health professionals. They contribute to researching, testing preparing, prescribing and monitoring medicinal therapies for optimizing human health.

Tasks include -(a) Receiving prescriptions for medicinal products from medical doctors and other health professionals,

checking patients’ medicine histories, and ensuring proper dosage and methods of administration and drug compatibility before dispensing;

(b) Preparing or supervising the preparation and labeling of liquid medicines, ointments, powders, tablets and other medications to fill prescriptions;

(c) Providing information and advice to prescribers and clients regarding drug interactions, incompatibility and contra-indications, side effects, dosage and proper medication storage;


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(d) Collaborating with other health care professionals to plan, monitor, review, and evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the medicine therapy of individual patients, and the effectiveness of particular drugs or therapies;

(e) Maintaining prescription files and recording issue of narcotics, poisons and habit-forming drugs in accordance with legal and professional requirements;

(f) Storing and preserving vaccines, serums and other drugs subject to deterioration; (g) Advising clients on and supplying non-prescription medicines and diagnostic and therapeutic aids for

common conditions; (h) Supervising and coordinating the work of pharmacy technicians, pharmacy interns and pharmacy

sales assistants; (i) Conducting research to develop and improve pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and related chemical

products; (j) Conferring with chemists, engineering professionals and other professionals about manufacturing

techniques and ingredients; (k) Testing and analyzing drugs to determine their identity, purity and strength in relation to specified

standards;(l) Evaluating labels, packaging and advertising of drug products;(m) Developing information and risks of particular drugs.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dispensing chemist - Hospital pharmacist - Industrial pharmacist - Retail pharmacistSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Pharmacologist - 2131 - Pharmaceutical technician – 3213Notes

2263 Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals

Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals assess, plan and implement programs to recognize, monitor and control environmental factors that can potentially affect human health, to ensure safe and healthy working conditions, and to prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, radiological and biological agents or ergonomic factors.

Tasks include -(a) Developing, implementing and reviewing programs and policies to minimize potential environmental

and occupational risks to health and safety;(b) Preparing and implementing plans and strategies for the safe, economic and suitable disposal of

commercial, industrial, medical and household wastes;(c) Implementing prevention programs and strategies for communicable diseases, food safety, waste water

treatment and disposal systems, recreation and domestic water quality, contaminated and hazardous substances;

(d) Identifying, reporting and documenting hazards, and assessing and controlling risks in the environment and workplace and advising on compliance with relevant law and regulations;

(e) Developing, implementing and monitoring programs to minimize workplace and environmental pollution involving chemical, physical and biological hazards;

(f) Advising methods to prevent, eliminate, control, or reduce the exposure of workers, students, the public and the environment to radiological and other hazards;

(g) Promoting ergonomic principles within the workplace such as matching furniture, equipment and work activities to the needs of employees;

(h) Providing education, information, training, and advice to persons at all levels on aspects of occupational hygiene and environmental health;

(i) Recording and investigating injuries and equipment damage, and reporting safety performance; (j) Coordinating arrangements for the compensation, rehabilitation and return to work of injured workers.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Environmental Health Officer - Occupational Health and Safety Adviser - Occupational Hygienist - Radiation Protection ExpertSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Environmental protection professional - 2133 - Specialist medical practitioner (public health) - 2212 - Specialist nurse (public health) - 2221 - Occupational therapist - 2269 - Health inspector - 3257 - Occupational health and safety inspector - 3257 - Sanitarian - 3257 - Sanitary inspector – 3257Notes

Professionals who assess, plan and implement programmes to monitor or control the impact of human activities on the environment are classified in unit group 2133, Environmental protection professionals.

2264 Physiotherapists

Physiotherapists assess, plan and implement rehabilitative programs that improve or restore human motor functions, maximize movement ability, relieve pain syndromes, and treat or prevent physical challenges associated with injuries, diseases and other impairments. They apply a broad range of physical therapies and techniques such as movement, ultrasound, heating, laser and other techniques.

Tasks include -(a) Administering muscle, nerve, joint and functional ability tests to identify and assess physical problems

of patients; (b) Establishing treatment goals with patients and designing treatment programs to reduce physical pain,

strengthen muscles, improve cardiothoracic, cardiovascular and respiratory functions, restore joint mobility, and improve balance and coordination;

(c) Developing, implementing and monitoring programs and treatments using the therapeutic properties of exercise, heat, cold, massage, manipulation, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, ultraviolet and infra-red light and ultrasound in the treatment of patients;

(d) Instructing patients and their families in procedures to be continued outside clinical settings; (e) Recording information on patients’ health status and responses to treatment in medical records-

keeping systems, and sharing information with other health professionals as required to ensure continuing and comprehensive care;

(f) Developing and implementing programmes for screening and prevention of common physical ailments and disorders;

(g) Supervising the work of physiotherapy assistants and others.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Geriatric physical therapist, - Pediatric physical therapist, - Orthopedic physical therapist - PhysiotherapistSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Podiatrist - 2269 - Occupational therapist - 2269 - Acupressure therapist - 3255 - Hydro therapist - 3255 - Massage therapist - 3255 - Physiotherapy technician - 3255 - Shiatsu therapist - 3255 - Chiropractor - 3259 - Osteopath – 3259Notes


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2265 Dieticians and nutritionists

Dieticians and nutritionists assess, plan and implement programs to enhance the impact of food and nutrition on human health.

Tasks include -(a) Instructing individuals, families and communities on nutrition, the planning of diets and preparation

of food to maximise health benefits and reduce potential risks to health;(b) Planning diets and menus, supervising the preparation and serving of meals, and monitoring food

intake and quality to provide nutritional care in settings offering food services; (c) Compiling and assessing data relating to health and nutritional status of individuals, groups and

communities based on nutritional values of food served or consumed;(d) Planning and conducting nutrition assessments, intervention programmes, and education and training

to improve nutritional levels among individuals and communities;(e) Consulting with other health professionals and care providers to manage the dietary and nutritional

needs of patients;(f) Developing and evaluating food and nutrition products to meet nutritional requirements;(g) Conducting research on nutrition and disseminating the findings at scientific conferences and in other

settings.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clinical dietician - Food service dietician - Nutritionist - Public health nutritionist - Sports nutritionistNotes

2266 Audiologists and speech therapists

Audiologists and speech therapists evaluate, manage and treat physical disorders affecting human hearing, speech, and communication and swallowing. They prescribe corrective devices or rehabilitative therapies for hearing loss, speech disorders, and related sensory and neural problems and provide counselling on hearing safety and communication performance.

Tasks include -(a) Evaluating hearing, speech and language performance in patients to determine the nature of hearing

and communication disorders;(b) Administering hearing or speech/language tests or other examinations using specialized diagnostic

instruments and equipment, and interpreting test results alongside other medical, social and behavioral diagnostic data to determine appropriate courses of treatment ;

(c) Planning, directing and participating in counselling, screening, speech rehabilitation and other programs related to hearing and communication;

(d) Prescribing hearing aids and other assistive devices according to patients’ needs and instructing them in their use;

(e) Planning and conducting treatment programs to manage physical disorders affecting speech and swallowing in patients such as stuttering and feeding disorders;

(f) Counselling and guiding hearing and/or language-impaired individuals, their families, teachers and employers;

(g) Referring patients and families to additional medical or educational services if needed.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Audiologist - Language therapist - Speech therapist - Speech pathologistNotes

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2267 Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians

Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians provide diagnosis, management and treatment services for disorders of the eyes and visual system. They counsel on eye care and prescribe optical aids or other therapies for visual disturbance.

Tasks include -(a) Examining patients’ eyes and conducting diagnostic tests to assess ocular health and determine the

nature and extent of vision problems and abnormalities;(b) Testing visual function using specialised instruments and equipment for measuring visual acuity and

refractive error, function of visual pathways, visual fields, eye movements, freedom of vision and intraocular pressure;

(c) Detecting, diagnosing and managing eye disease, including prescribing medications for the treatment of eye disease;

(d) Consulting with and referring patients to ophthalmologists or other health professionals if additional medical treatment is necessary;

(e) Detecting and diagnosing eye movement disorders and defects of binocular function, and planning and managing treatment programs, including counselling patients in eye exercises to coordinate movement and focusing of eyes;

(f) Prescribing corrective eyeglasses, contact lenses and other vision aids, and checking optical devices for performance, safety, comfort and lifestyle;

(g) Advising on visual health matters such as contact lens care, vision care for the elderly, optics, visual ergonomics, and occupational and industrial eye safety.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Ophthalmic Optician - Optometrist - Orthoptist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ophthalmologist - 2212 - Dispensing optician – 3254Notes

2269 Health professionals not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers health professionals not classified elsewhere in sub-major group 22, Health professionals. For instance, the group includes occupations such as podiatrist, occupational therapist and other health professionals.

In such cases tasks would include - (a) Interviewing patients and conducting diagnostic tests to determine their health status and the nature

of physical or mental disorders, illnesses or other health problems; (b) Developing and implementing treatment plans for injuries, illnesses and other physical and mental

impairments(c) Evaluating and documenting patients’ progress through treatment plans, and referring patients and

families to medical doctors or other health care providers for specialized, rehabilitative or other care services as needed;

(d) Assessing functional limitations of clients resulting from illness, disability or other impairment, and providing therapy;

(e) Recommending environmental adaptations in the home, leisure, work and school environments on an individual or group basis to enable them to perform their daily activities and occupations;

(f) Planning and implementing therapeutic programs on an individual and group basis for improving and maintaining physical, cognitive, emotional and social functioning, including through the use of arts and crafts, dance and movement, music and other recreational activities;

(g) Identifying and prescribing treatments for conditions affecting the foot, ankle and related structures of the leg due to illness, disease or other physical impairment, and prescribing corrective footwear and advising on foot care to manage foot ailments;

(h) Performing minor surgical procedures such as on the foot and ankles.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Arts therapist - Dance and movement therapist - Occupational therapist - Podiatrist - Recreational therapistNotes

23 Teaching professionals

Teaching professionals teach the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels, conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods pertaining to their particular discipline, and prepare scholarly papers and books.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include:Conducting classes, courses, or tutorials at a particular educational level, for educational and vocational purposes, including private lessons; conducting adult literacy programmes; teaching and educating persons learning difficulties or special needs; designing and modifying curricula; inspecting and advising on teaching methods and aids; participating in decisions concerning the organization of teaching and related activities at schools and universities; conducting research in particular subjects to improve or develop concepts, theories or operational methods for application in industrial and other fields; preparing scholarly papers and books.

Supervision of other workers may be included.Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 231 University and higher education teachers 232 Vocational education teachers 233 Secondary education teachers 234 Primary school and early childhood teachers 235 Other teaching professionalsNotes

231 University and higher education teachersUniversity and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books

Tasks performed usually include: Designing and modifying curricula and preparing courses of study in accordance with requirements; preparing and delivering lectures and conducting tutorials, seminars and laboratory experiments; stimulating discussion and independent thought among students; supervising, where appropriate, experimental and practical work undertaken by students; administering, evaluating and marking examination papers and tests; directing research of post-graduate students or other members of department; researching into and developing concepts, theories and operational methods for application in industrial and other fields; preparing scholarly books, papers or articles; participating in departmental and faculty meetings and in conferences and seminars;

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2310 University and higher education teachersNotes

2310 University and higher education teachers

University and higher education teachers prepare and deliver lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books.

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Tasks include -(a) Designing and modifying curricula and preparing courses of study in accordance with requirements;(b) Preparing and delivering lectures and conducting tutorials, seminars and laboratory experiments;(c) Stimulating discussion and independent thought among students;(d) Supervising, where appropriate, experimental and practical work undertaken by students;(e) Administering, evaluating and marking examination papers and tests;(f) Directing research of post-graduate students or other members of department;(g) Researching into and developing concepts, theories and operational methods for application in

industrial and other fields;(h) Preparing scholarly books, papers or articles;(i) Participating in departmental and faculty meetings and in conferences and seminars;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Higher education lecturer - Professor - University Lecturer - University Tutor

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - University chancellor- 1120 - Dean - 1345 - Higher education faculty head- 1345 - Vocational education teacher – 2320Notes

232 Vocational education teachers

Vocational education teachers teach or instruct vocational or occupational subjects in adult and further education institutions and to senior students in secondary schools and colleges. They prepare students for employment in specific occupations or occupational areas for which university or higher education is not normally required.

Tasks performed usually include: Developing curricula and planning course content and methods of instruction; determining training needs of students or workers and liaising with individuals, industry and other education sectors to ensure provision of relevant education and training programs; presenting lectures and conducting discussions to increase students’ knowledge and competence; instructing and monitoring students in the use of tools, equipment and materials and the prevention of injury and damage; observing and evaluating students’ work to determine progress, provide feedback, and make suggestions for improvement; administering oral, written or performance tests to measure progress, evaluate training effectiveness and assess competency; preparing reports and maintaining records such as student grades, attendance rolls, and training activity details; supervising independent or group projects, field placements, laboratory work, or other training; providing individualised instruction and tutorial or remedial instruction; conducting on-the-job training sessions to teach and demonstrate principles, techniques, procedures, or methods of designated subjects.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2320 Vocational education teachersNotes

2320 Vocational education teachers

Vocational education teachers teach or instruct vocational or occupational subjects in adult and further education institutions and to senior students in secondary schools and colleges. They prepare students for employment in specific occupations or occupational areas for which university or higher education is not normally required.


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Tasks include -(a) Developing curricula and planning course content and methods of instruction;(b) Determining training needs of students or workers and liaising with individuals, industry and other

education sectors to ensure provision of relevant education and training programs;(c) Presenting lectures and conducting discussions to increase students’ knowledge and competence;(d) Instructing and monitoring students in the use of tools, equipment and materials and the prevention

of injury and damage; (e) Observing and evaluating students’ work to determine progress, provide feedback, and make

suggestions for improvement; (f) Administering oral, written or performance tests to measure progress, evaluate training effectiveness

and assess competency; (g) Preparing reports and maintaining records such as student grades, attendance rolls, and training

activity details; (h) Supervising independent or group projects, field placements, laboratory work, or other training; (i) Providing individualized instruction and tutorial or remedial instruction; (j) Conducting on-the-job training sessions to teach and demonstrate principles, techniques, procedures,

or methods of designated subjects.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Automotive technology instructor - Cosmetology instructor - Vocational education teacher

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Secondary education teacher – 2330Notes

233 Secondary education teachers

Secondary education teachers teach one or more subjects at secondary education level, excluding subjects intended to prepare students for employment in specific occupational areas.

Tasks performed usually include:Designing and modifying curricula and preparing educational courses of study in accordance with curriculum guidelines; establishing and enforcing rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students; preparing and giving lessons, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects; establishing clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicating those objectives to students; preparing materials and classrooms for class activities; adapting teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students’ varying needs and interests; observing and evaluating students’ performance and behavior; preparing, administering and marking tests, assignments and examinations to evaluate pupils’ progress; preparing reports about pupils’ work and conferring with other teachers and parents; participating in meetings concerning the school’s educational or organizational policies; planning, organizing and participating in school activities such as excursions, sporting events and concerts.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2330 Secondary education teachersNotes

2330 Secondary education teachers

Secondary education teachers teach one or more subjects at secondary education level, excluding subjects intended to prepare students for employment in specific occupational areas.

Tasks include -(a) Designing and modifying curricula and preparing educational courses of study in accordance with

curriculum guidelines;(b) Establishing and enforcing rules for behavior and procedures for maintaining order among students;(c) Preparing and giving lessons, discussions, and demonstrations in one or more subjects;

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(d) Establishing clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects and communicating those objectives to students;

(e) Preparing materials and classrooms for class activities;(f) Adapting teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students’ varying needs and interests;(g) Observing and evaluating students’ performance and behavior;(h) Preparing, administering and marking tests, assignments and examinations to evaluate pupils’

progress;(i) Preparing reports about pupils’ work and conferring with other teachers and parents;(j) Participating in meetings concerning the school’s educational or organizational policies;(k) Planning, organizing and participating in school activities such as excursions, sporting events and

concerts.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Secondary education teacher - High school teacherSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Head teacher - 1345 - Vocational education teacher - 2330 - Schools inspector – 2352Notes

234 Primary school and early childhood teachers

Primary school and early childhood teachers teach a range of subjects at the primary level of education and organize educational activities for children below primary school age.

Tasks performed usually include:Preparing programme of learning and giving instruction in a range of subjects at the primary education level, planning and organizing activities designed to facilitate children’s development of language, physical and social skills; preparing reports. Supervision of other workers may be included.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2341 Primary school teachers 2342 Early childhood educatorsNotes

2341 Primary school teachers

Primary school teachers teach a range of subjects at the primary education level.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing daily and longer term lesson plans in accordance with curriculum guidelines;(b) Instructing children individually and in groups, using various teaching methods and materials (e.g.

computers, books, games), adapting to children’s varying needs;(c) Maintaining discipline and good working habits in the classroom;(d) Planning and conduct activities with the children such as sporting activities, concerts and excursions;(e) Assigning and grading class work and homework;(f) Preparing, administering, and grading tests and assignments to evaluate children’s progress;(g) Observing and evaluating children’s performance and behavior;(h) Supervising children during classes and at other times in the school day, including the playground

during breaks;(i) Participating in staff meetings and other sessions, and conferring with other teachers concerning

educational issues;(j) Preparing for and attending parent meetings to discuss children’s progress and problems.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Primary school teacherSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Head teacher - 1345 - Schools inspector- 2351


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Notes

2342 Early childhood educators

Early childhood educators promote the social, physical, and intellectual development of children below primary school age through the provision of educational and play activities

Tasks include -(a) Planning and organizing individual and group activities designed to facilitate the development of

children’s motor skills, cooperative and social skills, confidence and understanding;(b) Promoting language development through story-telling, role-play, songs, rhymes and informal

conversations and discussions;(c) Leading children in activities that provide opportunities for creative expression through the media of

art, dramatic play, music and physical fitness;(d) Observing children in order to evaluate progress and to detect signs of developmental, emotional or

health related problems with parents;(e) Observing and assessing nutritional health, welfare and safety needs of students and identifying factors

which may impede students’ progress;(f) Supervising children’s activities to ensure safety and resolve conflicts;(g) Guiding and assisting children in the development of proper eating, dressing and toilet habits (h) Discussing progress or problems of children with parents and other staff members and identifying

appropriate actions and referrals to other services(i) Establishing and maintaining collaborative relationships with other service providers working with

young children.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Early childhood educator - Pre-school teacherSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Child care centre manager – 1341Notes

235 Other teaching professionals

Other teaching professionals conduct research and advise on teaching methods, teach people with learning difficulties or special needs; teach non-native languages for migration and related purposes; give private tuition; teach arts, information technology and other subjects outside the mainstream primary, secondary and higher education systems and provide other teaching services not classified elsewhere in Sub-major group 23, Teaching professionals.

Tasks performed usually include: Conducting research and developing or advising on teaching methods, courses and aids; teaching physically handicapped children, young persons or adults or those with learning difficulties or other with special needs, teaching non-native languages for migration purposes; teaching students in practice, theory and performance of music, drama, dance, visual and other arts; developing, scheduling and conducting training programs and courses for information technology users.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2351 Education methods specialists 2352 Special needs teachers 2353 Other language teachers 2354 Other music teachers 2355 Other arts teachers 2356 Information technology trainers 2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classifiedNotes

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2351 Education methods specialists

Education methods specialists conduct research and develop or advise on teaching methods, courses and aids. They review and examine teachers’ work, the functioning of educational institutions and the results achieved and recommend changes and improvements.

Tasks include -(a) Researching into current developments in curricula, teaching methods and other educational practices,

and advising on necessary changes and possible improvements;(b) Evaluating and advising on contents of courses and methods of examination;(c) Researching into audio-visual and other teaching aids and advising on, planning and organizing their

introduction in educational establishments; (d) Documenting subjects and courses developed, and evaluating new courses;(e) Providing ongoing professional development, training and consultative services to teachers;(f) Organizing and conducting workshops and conferences to train teachers in new programs and

methods;(g) Developing the structure, content and objectives of new educational courses and programs;(h) Visiting schools periodically and conferring with administrative and teaching staff on questions

relating to curricula, teaching methods, equipment and other matters;(i) Visiting classrooms to observe teaching techniques and to evaluate teachers performance, and

scholastic results obtained;(j) Preparing reports and making recommendations to educational authorities concerning possible

changes and improvements in curricula, teaching methods, and other matters.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Curriculum coordinator - Curriculum developer - Education methods specialist - Teaching aids specialist - School inspectorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Educational psychologist – 2634 - School counsellor – 2359 - Student advisor – 2359Notes

2352 Special needs teachers

Special needs teachers teach physically or mentally handicapped children, young persons, or adults, or those with learning difficulties or other special needs. They promote the social, emotional, intellectual and physical development of their students.

Tasks include -(a) Assessing students’ abilities and limitations with regard to intellectual, physical, social and emotional

impairments, exceptional intellectual gifts, or other specific problems; (b) Designing or modifying curricula and preparing and delivering programmes, lessons and activities

adapted to students’ abilities and needs;(c) Giving instruction on an individual or group basis using special techniques or aids appropriate to

students’ needs;(d) Employing special educational strategies and techniques during instruction to improve the development

of sensory- and perceptual-motor skills, language, cognition, and memory;(e) Establishing and enforcing rules for behavior and policies and procedures to maintain order among

students;(f) Teaching academic subjects and practical and self-help skills to students with hearing, sight and other

impairments;(g) Stimulating and developing students’ confidence interests, abilities, manual skills and coordination;(h) Conferring with other staff members to plan and schedule lessons for special needs students;(i) Preparing and maintaining student data and other records and submitting reports;(j) Administering various forms of assessment and evaluating progress of each student;(k) Conferring with students, parents, head teacher and other relevant professionals involved in the

students’ care to develop individual educational plans designed to promote students’ development.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Learning Disabilities Special Education Teacher - Learning support teacher - Remedial teacher - Teacher of gifted children - Teacher of the hearing impaired - Teacher of the sight impaired

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Vocational education teacher - 2320 - Secondary school teacher - 2330 - Primary school teacher – 2341Notes

2353 Other language teachers

Other language teachers teach non-native languages to adults and children who are learning a language for reasons of migration, to fulfill employment requirements or opportunities, to facilitate participation in educational programmes delivered in a foreign language, or for personal enrichment. They work outside the mainstream primary, secondary and higher education systems, or in support of students and teachers within those systems.

Tasks include -(a) Assessing the level of ability and the extent of language difficulties of students, and establishing

students’ needs and learning goals; (b) Planning, preparing and delivering lessons and workshops for groups and individuals with content

and rate of progression adapted to students’ abilities and needs; (c) Designing and producing teaching materials and adapting existing materials; (d) Assessing students’ progress;(e) Assisting students in classroom settings where subjects are taught in a language other than the

students’ native language;(f) Providing assistance to other teachers by designing special teaching programs for students still learning

the main language of instruction;(g) Assigning and correcting work, and preparing and grading exams; (h) Assessing, recording and reporting on students’ progress.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Intensive language teacher - Migrant education teacher - Practical language teacher - Second language teacher

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - University lecturer - 2310 - Vocational education teacher – 2320 - Secondary school teacher - 2330 - Primary school teacher – 2341Notes

2354 Other music teachers

Other music teachers teach students in the practice, theory and performance of music outside the mainstream primary, secondary and higher education systems, but may provide private or small group tuition as an extracurricular activity in association with mainstream educational institutions.

Tasks include -(a) Assessing the students’ level of ability and determining needs and learning goals; (b) Planning, preparing and delivering programs of study, lessons and workshops for individual students

and groups;

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(c) Preparing and presenting material on the theory and interpretation of music;(d) Instructing and demonstrating practical aspects of singing or of playing a particular instrument;(e) Teaching students to read and write musical notation;(f) Assigning exercises and teaching pieces of music relevant to students’ level of ability, interests and

talents; (g) Assessing students and offering advice, criticism and encouragement; (h) Revising curricula, course content, course materials and methods of instruction; (i) Preparing students for examinations, performances and assessments;(j) Arranging visits and tours to musical performances;(k) Organizing and assisting in auditions or performances of students’ work.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Guitar teacher (private tuition) - Piano teacher (private tuition) - Singing teacher (private tuition) - Violin teacher (private tuition)Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - University lecturer - 2310 - Vocational education teacher – 2320 - Secondary school teacher - 2330 - Primary school teacher – 2341Notes

2355 Other arts teachers

Other arts teachers teach students in the practice, theory and performance of dance, drama, visual and other arts (excluding music) outside the mainstream primary, secondary and higher education systems, but may provide private or small group tuition as an extracurricular activity in association with mainstream educational institutions

Tasks include -(a) Assessing the students’ level of ability and determining learning needs; (b) Planning, preparing and delivering programs of study, lessons and workshops for individual students

and groups;(c) Preparing and presenting material on the theory of the subject area being studied;(d) Instructing and demonstrating practical aspects of drama, dance, visual or other arts;(e) Assigning exercises and work relevant to students’ level of ability, interests and talents; (f) Assessing students and offering advice, criticism and encouragement;(g) Revising curricula, course content, course materials and methods of instruction;(h) Preparing students for examinations, performance and assessments; (i) Arranging visits and tours to exhibitions and performances; (j) Organizing and assisting in performances or exhibitions of students’ work.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dance teacher (private tuition) - Drama teacher (private tuition) - Painting teacher (private tuition) - Sculpture teacher (private tuition)Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - University lecturer - 2310 - Vocational education teacher - 2320 - Secondary school teacher - 2330 - Primary school teacher - 2341 - Private music teacher – 2354Notes


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2356 Information technology trainers

Information technology trainers develop, schedule and conduct training programs and courses for computer and other information technology users outside the mainstream primary, secondary and higher education systems.Tasks include -(a) Identifying the information technology training needs and requirements of individual users and

organizations; (b) Preparing and developing instructional training material and aids such as handbooks, visual aids,

online tutorials, demonstration models, and supporting training reference documentation; (c) Designing, coordinating, scheduling and conducting training and development programs that can

be delivered in the form of individual and group instruction, and facilitating workshops meetings; demonstrations and conferences;

(d) Monitoring and performing ongoing evaluation and assessment of training quality and effectiveness, and reviewing and modifying training objectives, methods and course deliverables;

(e) Gathering, investigating and researching background materials to gain a full understanding of the subject matter and systems;

(f) Keeping up-to-date with new product version releases, advances in software, and general information technology trends, writing end user products and materials such as user training, tutorial and instruction manuals, online help, and operating and maintenance instructions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Computer trainer - Software trainer

- University lecturer - 2310 - Vocational education teacher - 2320 - Secondary school teacher - 2330 - Primary school teacher - 2341 - Staff development officer- 2424Notes

2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers teaching professionals not classified elsewhere in Sub-major group 23, Teaching professionals. For instance, the group includes those who provide private tuition in subjects other than foreign languages and the arts, and those who provide educational counseling to students.

In such cases tasks performed would include -(a) Assessing students’ level of ability and determining learning needs; (b) Planning, preparing and delivering programs of study, lessons and workshops for individual students

and groups;(c) Preparing and presenting material on the theory of the subject area being studied;(d) Instructing and demonstrating practical aspects of the subject area being studied;(e) Assigning exercises and work relevant to students’ level of ability, interests and aptitude;(f) Assessing students and offering advice, criticism and encouragement;(g) Revising curricula, course content, course materials and methods of instruction (h) Preparing students for examinations and assessments; (i) Counseling students regarding educational issues such as course and program selection, class

scheduling, school adjustment, truancy, study habits, and career planning; (j) Counseling students to help them understand and overcome personal, social, or behavioral problems

affecting their education;(k) Preparing students for later educational experiences by encouraging them to explore learning

opportunities and to persevere with challenging tasks.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Literacy tutor (private tuition) - Mathematics coach (private tuition) - School counselor

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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: University lecturer - 2310 Vocational education teacher - 2320 Secondary school teacher - 2330 Primary school teacher - 2341 Intensive language teacher - 2353 Migrant education teacher - 2353 Music teacher (private tuition) - 2354 Dance teacher (private tuition) - 2355 Drama teacher (private tuition) - 2355 Painting teacher (private tuition) - 2355 Sculpture teacher (private tuition) - 2355 Educational Psychologist – 2634 Family counselor - 2635 Social worker – 2635Notes

24 Business and administration professionals

Business and administration professionals perform analytical, conceptual and practical tasks to provide services in financial matters, human resource development, public relations and marketing, sales in the technical, medical, information and communication technology areas and conduct, reviews of organizational structures, methods and systems as well as quantitative analyzes of information affecting investment programs.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Collecting, analyzing and interpreting information on the financial viability, cost structures and trading effectiveness of organizations; conducting audits, preparing financial statements and controlling treasury systems for organizations; developing and reviewing financial plans and strategies, executing buy and sell orders, and negotiating the purchase and sale of commodities; developing, implementing and evaluating staff recruitment, training and development programs; researching, developing and implementing marketing and public relations campaigns; studying and developing methods and policies to improve and promote government and business operations and effectiveness; acquiring and updating knowledge of employers’ and competitors’ goods and services, and market conditions; assessing customers’ needs and explaining and demonstrating goods and services to them.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 241 Finance professionals 242 Administration professionals 243 Sales, marketing and public relations professionalsNotes

241 Finance professionals

Finance professionals plan, develop, organize, administer, invest, manage and conduct quantitative analyses of either financial accounting systems or funds for individuals, establishments and public or private institutions.

Tasks performed usually include:Preparing and organizing financial statements for an organization; reviewing financial materials of an organization; providing financial advice to individuals and organizations; preparing analytic reports concerning segments of the economy and the economy as a whole.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2411 Accountants 2412 Financial and investment advisers 2413 Financial analystsNotes


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2411 Accountants

Accountants plan, organize and administer accounting systems for individuals and establishments. Some occupations classified here examine and analyze the accounting and financial records of individuals and establishments to ensure accuracy and compliance with established accounting standards and procedures.Tasks include -(a) Advising on, planning and installing budgetary, accounts controlling and other accounting policies

and systems;(b) Preparing and certifying financial statements for presentation to management, shareholders and

statutory or other bodies;(c) Preparing tax returns, advising on taxation problems and contesting disputed claims before tax

officials;(d) Preparing or reporting on profit forecasts and budgets;(e) Conducting financial investigations in such matters as suspected fraud, insolvency and bankruptcy;(f) Auditing accounts and bookkeeping records;(g) Conducting investigations and advising management on financial aspects of productivity, stockholdings,

sales, new products, etc.;(h) Devising and controlling a system to determine unit cost of products and services.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Accountant - Auditor - Chartered accountant - Certified accountant - Financial controller - Management accountant - Tax accountantSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Finance manager - 1211 - Accounting assistant - 3313 - Bookkeeper - 3313

Notes

2412 Financial and investment advisers

Financial and investment advisers develop financial plans for individuals and organizations, and invest and manage funds on their behalf.

Tasks include -(a) Building and maintaining a client base;(b) Interviewing clients to determine financial status and objectives, risk tolerance and other information

needed to develop financial plans and investment strategies;(c) Setting financial objectives, and developing and implementing strategies for achieving the financial

objectives;(d) Arranging to buy and sell stocks and bonds for clients;(e) Monitoring investment performance, and reviewing and revising investment plans based on modified

needs and changes in markets;(f) Recommending and arranging insurance cover for clients.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Estate planner - Financial plannerNotes

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2413 Financial analysts

Financial analysts conduct quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programs of public or private institutions.

Tasks include -(a) Analyzing financial information to produce forecasts of business, industry, and economic conditions

for use in making investment decisions;(b) Maintaining knowledge and staying abreast of developments in the fields of industrial technology,

business, finance, and economic theory;(c) Interpreting data affecting investment programs, such as price, yield, stability, future trends in

investment risks, and economic influences;(d) Monitoring economic, industrial, and corporate developments through analysis of information

obtained from financial publications and services, investment banking firms, government agencies, trade publications, company sources, and personal interviews;

(e) Recommending investments and investment timing to companies, investment firm staff, or the investing public;

(f) Determining the prices at which securities should be syndicated and offered to the public;(g) Preparing plans of action for investment based on financial analyses.(h) Evaluating and comparing the relative quality of various securities in a given industry;(i) Presenting oral and written reports on general economic trends, individual corporations, and entire

industries.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bond analyst - Investment consultant - Securities consultantNotes

242 Administration professionals

Administration professionals apply various concepts and theories related to improving the effectiveness of organizations and the individuals within the organization.

Tasks performed usually include:Evaluating the structure of organizations and suggesting areas of improvement; ensuring that the operational activities of an organization are consistent with the policy objectives of the organization; recruiting, training, developing, and counseling personnel within an organization.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2421 Management and organization analysts 2422 Policy administration professionals 2423 Personnel and careers professionals 2424 Training and staff development professionalsNotes

2421 Management and organization analysts

Management and organization analysts assist organizations to achieve greater efficiency and solve organizational problems. They study organizational structures, methods, systems and procedures.

Tasks include -(a) Assisting and encouraging the development of objectives, strategies and plans aimed at achieving

customer satisfaction and the efficient use of organizations’ resources;(b) Analyzing and evaluating current systems and structures; (c) Discussing current systems with staff and observing systems at all levels of organization; (d) Directing clients towards more efficient organization and developing solutions to organizational

problems; (e) Undertaking and reviewing work studies by analyzing existing and proposed methods and procedures

such as administrative and clerical procedures;


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(f) Preparing and recommending proposals to revise methods and procedures, alter work flows, redefine job functions and resolve organizational problems;

(h) Assisting in implementing approved recommendations, issuing revised instructions and procedure manuals, and drafting other documentation;

(i) Reviewing operating procedures and advising of departures from procedures and standards.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Organization and methods analyst - Business consultant - Management consultant

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: ICT Business Analysts - 2511Notes

2422 Policy administration professionals

Policy administration professionals develop and analyze policies guiding the design, implementation and modification of government and commercial operations and programs.

Tasks include -(a) Liaising and consulting with program administrators and other interested parties to identify policy

needs; (b) Reviewing existing policies and legislation to identify anomalies and out-of-date provisions; (c) Researching social, economic and industrial trends, and client expectations of programs and services

provided;(d) Formulating and analyzing policy options, preparing briefing papers and recommendations for policy

changes, and advising on preferred options; (e) Assessing impacts, financial implications, interactions with other programs and political and

administrative feasibility of policies;(f) Conducting threat and risk assessments and developing responses; (g) Reviewing operations and programs to ensure consistency with policies of the organization.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Policy analyst - Intelligence officerNotes

2423 Personnel and careers professionals

Personnel and careers professionals provide professional business services related to personnel policies such as employee recruitment or development, occupational analyzes and vocational guidance.(a) Advising on and performing personnel functions relating to employee recruitment, placement,

training, promotion, compensation, and employee-management relations or other areas of personnel policy;

(b) Studying and analyzing jobs performed in an establishment by various means, including interviews with workers, supervisors and management, and writing detailed position, job or occupation descriptions from information obtained;

(c) Preparing occupational information or working on occupational classification systems;(d) Advising and working on the foregoing and other aspects of job and occupation analyzes in such fields

as personnel administration, workforce research and planning, training, or occupational information and vocational guidance;

(e) Studying and advising individuals on employment opportunities, career choices and further education or training that may be desirable.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Careers adviser, - Job analyst

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- Occupational analyst - Vocational guidance counselor - Human resource expert - Outplacement expertNotes

2424 Training and staff development professionals

Training and staff development professionals plan, develop, implement and evaluate training and development programs to ensure management and staff acquire the skills and develop the competencies required by organizations to meet organizational objectives.

Tasks include -(a) Identifying training needs and requirements of individuals and organizations; (b) Setting human resource development objectives and evaluating learning outcomes; (c) Preparing and developing instructional training material and aids such as handbooks, visual aids,

online tutorials, demonstration models, and supporting training reference documentation;(c) Designing, coordinating, scheduling and conducting training and development programs that can

be delivered in the form of individual and group instruction, and facilitating workshops, meetings, demonstrations and conferences;

(e) Liaising with external training providers to arrange delivery of specific training and development programs;

(f) Promoting internal and external training and development, and evaluating these promotional activities;(g) Monitoring and performing ongoing evaluation and assessment of internal and external training

quality and effectiveness, and reviewing and modifying training objectives, methods and course deliverables;

(h) Gathering, investigating and researching background materials to gain an understanding of various subject matters and systems.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Training officer - Workforce development specialistNotes

243 Sales, marketing and public relations professionals

Sales, marketing and public relations professionals plan, develop, coordinate and implement programs of information dissemination to promote organizations, goods and services, and represent companies in selling a range of technical, industrial, medical, pharmaceutical and ICT goods and services.

Tasks performed usually include: Commissioning and undertaking market research, analyzing the findings, and planning advertising marketing and public relations activities; supporting business growth and development through the preparation and execution of marketing objectives, policies and programs; planning and organizing publicity campaigns; appraising and selecting material submitted by writers, photographers, illustrators and others to create favorable publicity; acquiring and updating knowledge of employers’ and competitors’ goods and services, and market conditions; assessing customers’ needs and explaining and demonstrating goods and services to them; visiting regular and prospective client businesses to establish and act on marketing opportunities; quoting and negotiating prices and credit terms, and completing contracts.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2431 Advertising and marketing professionals 2432 Public relations professionals 2433 Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT) 2434 Information and communications technology sales professionalsNotes


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2431 Advertising and marketing professionals

Advertising and marketing professionals develop and coordinate advertising strategies and campaigns, determine the market for new goods and services, and identify and develop market opportunities for new and existing goods and services.

Tasks include -(a) Planning, developing and organizing advertising policies and campaigns to support sales objectives;(b) Advising managers and clients on strategies and campaigns to reach target markets, creating consumer

awareness and effectively promoting the attributes of goods and services; (c) Writing advertising copy and media scripts, and arranging television and film production and media

placement;(d) Analyzing data regarding consumer patterns and preferences; (e) Interpreting and predicting current and future consumer trends;(f) Researching potential demand and market characteristics for new goods and services and collecting

and analyzing data and other statistical information;(g) Supporting business growth and development through the preparation and execution of marketing

objectives, policies and programs; (h) Commissioning and undertaking market research to identify market opportunities for new and existing

goods and services; (i) Advising on all elements of marketing such as product mix, pricing, advertising and sales promotion,

selling, and distribution channels.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Advertising specialist - Market research analyst - Marketing specialistNotes

2432 Public relations professionals

Public relations professionals plan, develop, implement and evaluate information and communication strategies that create an understanding and a favorable view of businesses and other organizations, their goods and services, and their role in the community.

Tasks include -(a) Planning and organizing publicity campaigns and communication strategies; (b) Advising executives on the public relations implications of their policies, programs and practices

preparing and controlling the issue of news and press releases; (c) Undertaking and commissioning public opinion research, analyzing the findings and planning public

relations and promotional campaigns; (d) Organizing special events, seminars, entertainment, competitions and social functions to promote

goodwill and favorable publicity; (e) Representing organizations and arranging interviews with publicity media; (f) Attending business, social and other functions to promote the organization; (g) Commissioning and obtaining photographs and other illustrative material; (h) Selecting, appraising and revising material submitted by publicity writers, photographers, illustrators

and others to create favorable publicity.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Public relations officerNotes

2433 Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT)

Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT) represent companies in selling a range of industrial, medical and pharmaceutical goods and services to industrial, business, professional and other establishments.

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Tasks include - (a) Compiling lists of prospective client businesses using directories and other sources; (b) Acquiring and updating knowledge of employers’ and competitors’ goods and services, and market

conditions; (c) Visiting regular and prospective client businesses to establish and act on selling opportunities; (d) Assessing clients’ needs and resources and recommending appropriate goods or services; (e) Providing input to product design where goods or services must be tailored to suit clients’ needs; (f) Developing reports and proposals as part of sales presentation to demonstrate benefits from use of

good or service;(g) Estimating costs of installing and maintaining equipment or service; (h) Monitoring customers’ changing needs and competitor activity, and reporting these developments to

sales management; (i) Quoting and negotiating prices and credit terms, and preparing and administering sales contracts; (j) Arranging delivery of goods, installation of equipment and the provision of services; (k) Reporting to sales management on sales made and the marketability of goods and services; (l) Consulting with clients after sale to ensure satisfaction resolve any problems and provide ongoing

support.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Sales representative (industrial products) - Sales representative (medical and pharmaceutical products) - Technical sales representativeSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Commercial sales representative - 3322 Information and communications technology sales representative – 2434Notes

2434 Information and communications technology sales professionals

Information and communications technology (ICT) sales professionals sell, at the wholesale level, a range of computer hardware, software and other information and communications technology goods and services including installations and provide specialized information as required.

Tasks include -(a) Soliciting orders and selling goods to retail, industrial, wholesale and other establishments;(b) Selling technical equipment, supplies and related services to business establishments or individuals;(c) Discussing the needs of new and existing customers and providing specialized information about how

particular equipment, supplies and services meet those needs;(d) Quoting and negotiating prices and credit terms, and completing contracts and recording orders;(e) Updating customer records and preparing sales reports;(f) Arranging delivery of goods, installation of equipment and the provision of services;(g) Reporting customers’ reactions and requirements to manufacturers

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Shop sales assistant - 5223Notes

25 Information and communications technology professionals

Information and communications technology professionals conduct research, plan, design, write, test, provide advice and improve information technology systems, hardware, software and related concepts for specific applications; develop associated documentation including principles, policies and procedures; and design, develop, control, maintain and support databases and other information systems to ensure optimal performance and data integrity and security.

Tasks performed usually include: Researching information technology use in business functions; identifying areas for improvement and researching the theoretical aspects and operational methods for the use of computers; evaluating, planning and designing hardware or software configurations for specific applications including for Internet, Intranet


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and multimedia systems; designing, writing, testing and maintaining computer programs; designing and developing database architecture and database management systems; developing and implementing security plans and data administration policy, and administering computer networks and related computing environments; analyzing, developing, interpreting and evaluating complex system design and architecture specifications, data models and diagrams in the development, configuration and integration of computer systems.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 251 Software and applications developers and analysts 252 Database and network professionalsNotes

251 Software and applications developers and analysts

Software and applications developers and analysts conduct research, plan, design, write, test, provide advice on and improve information technology systems, such as hardware, software and other applications to meet specific requirements.

Tasks performed usually include:Researching information technology use in business functions and identifying areas in which improvements could be made to maximize effectiveness and efficiency; conducting research into the theoretical aspects of and operational methods for the use of computers; evaluating, planning and designing hardware or software configurations for specific applications; designing, writing, testing and maintaining computer programs for specific requirements; evaluating, planning and designing Internet, Intranet and multimedia systems.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2511 Systems analysts 2512 Software developers 2513 Web and multimedia developers 2514 Applications programmers 2519 Software and applications developers and analysts not elsewhere classifiedNotes

2511 Systems analysts

Systems analysts conduct research, analyze and evaluate client information technology requirements, procedures or problems, and develop and implement proposals, recommendations, and plans to improve current or future information systems.

Tasks include -(a) Consulting with users to formulate and document requirements and with management to ensure

agreement on systems principles;(b) Identifying and analyzing business processes, procedures and work practices;(c) Identifying and evaluating inefficiencies and recommending optimal business practices, and system

functionality and behavior;(d) Taking responsibility for deploying functional solutions, such as creating, adopting and implementing

system test plans;(e) Developing functional specifications for use by systems developers;(f) Expanding or modifying systems to improve work flow or serve new purposes;(g) Coordinating and linking the computer systems within an organization to increase compatibility.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Business analyst (IT) - Communications analyst (computers) - Systems consultant - Systems designer (IT) - Computer scientist

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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Communications analyst (computers) - 2523 - Network analyst - 2523 - Systems administrator – 2522Notes

2512 Software developers

Software developers research, analyze and evaluate requirements for existing or new software applications and operating systems, and design, develop, test and maintain software solutions to meet these requirements.

Tasks include - (a) Researching, analyzing and evaluating requirements for software applications and operating

systems; (b) Researching, designing, and developing computer software systems; (c) consulting with engineering staff to evaluate interface between hardware and software; (d) Developing and directing software testing and validation procedures; (e) Modifying existing software to correct errors, to adapt it to new hardware or to upgrade interfaces

and improve performance; (f) Directing software programming and development of documentation; (g) Assessing, developing, upgrading and documenting maintenance procedures for operating

systems, communications environments and applications software; (h) Consulting with customers concerning maintenance of software system.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Programmer analyst - Software designer - Software developer - Software engineerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Applications programmer - 2514Notes

2513 Web and multimedia developers

Web and multimedia development professionals combine design and technical knowledge to research, analyze, evaluate, design, programme and modify websites, and applications that draw together text, graphics, animations, imaging, audio and video displays, and other interactive media.

Tasks include -(a) Analyzing, designing and developing Internet sites applying a mixture of artistry and creativity with

software programming and scripting languages and interfacing with operating environments;(b) Designing and developing digital animations, imaging, presentations, games, audio and video clips,

and Internet applications using multimedia software, tools and utilities, interactive graphics and programming languages;

(c) Communicating with network specialists regarding web-related issues, such as security and hosting web sites, to control and enforce Internet and web server security, space allocation, user access, business continuity, web site backup and disaster recovery planning;

(d) Designing, developing and integrating computer code with other specialized inputs, such as image files, audio files and scripting languages, to produce, maintain and support web sites;

(e) Assisting in analyzing, specifying and developing Internet strategies, web-based methodologies and development plans.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Animation programmer - Computer games programmer - Internet developer - Multimedia programmer - Website architect - Website developer


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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Website designer - 2166 - Webmaster - 3514 - Website administrator - 3514 - Website technician- 3514Notes

2514 Applications programmers

Applications programmers write and maintain programmable code outlined in technical instructions and specifications for software applications and operating systems.

Tasks include -(a) Writing and maintaining program code outlined in instructions and specifications in accordance with

quality accredited standards;(b) Revising, repairing or expanding existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new

requirements;(c) Conducting trial runs of programs and software applications to confirm that they will produce the

desired information;(d) Compiling and writing documentation of program development;(e) Identifying and communicating technical problems, processes and solutions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Applications programmer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Multimedia programmer - 2513 - Programmer analyst - 2512 - Software developer – 2512Notes

2519 Software and applications developers and analysts not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers software and applications developers and analysts not classified elsewhere in minor group 251, Software and applications developers and analysts. For instance the group includes those professionals specializing in quality assurance including software testing.

Tasks include -(a) Developing and documenting software testing plans;(b) Installing software and hardware and configuring operating system software in preparation for testing;(c) Verifying that programmes function according to user requirements and established guidelines;(d) Executing, analyzing and documenting results of software application tests and information and

telecommunication systems tests;(e) Developing and implementing software and information system testing policies, procedures and

scripts.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Quality assurance analyst (computers) - Software tester - Systems testerNotes

252 Database and network professionals

Database and network professionals design, develop, control, maintain and support the optimal performance and security of information technology systems and infrastructure, including databases, hardware and software, networks and operating systems.

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Tasks performed usually include: Designing and developing database architecture, data structures, dictionaries and naming conventions for information systems projects; designing, constructing, modifying, integrating, implementing and testing database management systems; developing and implementing security plans, data administration policy, documentation and standards; maintaining and administering computer networks and related computing environments; analyzing, developing, interpreting and evaluating complex system design and architecture specifications, data models and diagrams in the development, configuration and integration of computer systems.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2521 Database designers and administrators 2522 Systems administrators 2523 Computer network professionals 2529 Database and network professionals not elsewhere classifiedNotes

2521 Database designers and administrators

Database designers and administrators design, develop, control, maintain and support the optimal performance and security of databases.

Tasks include -(a) Designing and developing database architecture, data structures, tables, dictionaries and naming

conventions for information systems projects;(b) Designing, constructing, modifying, integrating, implementing and testing database management

systems;(c) Conducting research and providing advice on the selection, application and implementation of

database management tools;(d) Developing and implementing data administration policy, documentation, standards and models;(e) Developing policies and procedures for database access and usage and for the backup and recovery

of data;(f) Performing the operational establishment and preventive maintenance of backups, recovery

procedures, and enforcing security and integrity controls.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Data administrator - Database administrator - Database analyst - Database architectSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Systems administrator (computers) - 2522 - Network administrator - 2522 - Website administrator - 3514 - Webmaster – 3514Notes

2522 Systems administrators

Systems administrators develop, control, maintain and support the optimal performance and security of information technology systems

Tasks include -(a) Maintaining and administering computer networks and related computing environments including

computer hardware, systems software, applications software and all configurations;(b) Recommending changes to improve systems and network configurations, and determining hardware

or software requirements related to such changes;(c) Diagnosing hardware and software problems;(d) Performing data backups and disaster recovery operations;(e) Operating master consoles to monitor the performance of computer systems and networks, and to

coordinate computer network access and use.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Systems administrator - Network administratorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Database administrator - 2521 - Network analyst - 2523 - Website administrator - 3514 - Website technician - 3514 - Webmaster – 3514Notes

2523 Computer network professionals

Computer network professionals research, analyze and recommend strategies for network architecture and development, implement, manage, maintain and configure network hardware and software, and monitor, troubleshoot and optimize performance.

Tasks include -(a) Analyzing, developing, interpreting and evaluating complex system design and architecture

specifications, data models and diagrams in the development, configuration and integration of computer systems;

(b) Researching, analyzing, evaluating and monitoring network infrastructure to ensure networks are configured to operate at optimal performance;

(c) Assessing and recommending improvements to network operations and integrated hardware, software, communications and operating systems;

(d) Providing specialist skills in supporting and troubleshooting network problems and emergencies;(e) Installing, configuring, testing, maintaining and administering new and upgraded networks, software

database applications, servers and workstations;(f) Preparing and maintaining procedures and documentation for network inventory, and recording

diagnosis and resolution of network faults, enhancements and modifications to networks, and maintenance instructions;

(g) Monitoring network traffic, and activity, capacity and usage to ensure continued integrity and optimal network performance.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Communications analyst (computers) - Network analyst

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Systems analyst - 2511 - Network administrator – 2522Notes

2529 Database and network professionals not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers database and network professionals elsewhere in Minor group 252, Database and network professionals. For instance, the group includes information and communications technology security specialists.

Tasks include -(a) Developing plans to safeguard computer files against accidental or unauthorized modification,

destruction, or disclosure and to meet emergency data processing needs;(b) Training users and promoting security awareness to ensure system security and to improve server and

network efficiency;(c) Conferring with users to discuss issues such as computer data access needs, security violations, and

programming changes;(d) Monitoring current reports of computer viruses to determine when to update virus protection systems;(e) Modifying computer security files to incorporate new software, correct errors, or change individual

access status;

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(f) Monitoring use of data files and regulates access to safeguard information in computer files;(g) Performing risk assessments and executing tests of data processing system to ensure functioning of

data processing activities and security measures;(h) Encrypting data transmissions and erecting firewalls to conceal confidential information as it is being

transmitted and to keep out tainted digital transfers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Digital forensic specialist - Security specialist (ICT)Notes

26 Legal, social and cultural professionals

Legal, social and cultural professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply knowledge relating to the law, storage and retrieval of information and artifacts, psychology, social welfare, politics, economics, history, religion, languages, sociology, other social sciences, and to arts and entertainment.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include:Conducting research on legal problems; drafting laws and regulations; advising clients on legal cases; pleading and conducting cases in a court of law; presiding over judicial proceedings in a court of law; developing and maintaining library and gallery collections of archives; conducting research, improving or developing concepts, theories and operational methods or applying knowledge relating to the field of social sciences; conceiving, creating and performing in literary and artistic works; interpreting and communicating news, ideas, impressions and facts.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 261 Legal professionals 262 Librarians, archivists and curators 263 Social and religious professionals 264 Authors, journalists and linguists 265 Creative and performing artistsNotes

261 Legal professionals

Legal professionals conduct research on legal problems, advise clients on legal aspects of problems, plead cases or conduct prosecutions in courts of law, preside over judicial proceedings in courts of law, and draft laws and regulations

Tasks performed usually include: Giving clients legal advice, undertaking legal business on clients’ behalf, and conducting litigation when necessary, or presiding over judicial proceedings- and pronouncing judgment in courts of law. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2611 Lawyers 2612 Judges 2619 Legal professionals not elsewhere classifiedNotes

2611 Lawyers

Lawyers give clients legal advice on a wide variety of subjects, draw up legal documents, represent clients before administrative boards or tribunals and plead cases or conduct prosecutions in courts of justice, or instruct barristers to plead in higher courts of justice.


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Tasks include -(a) Giving clients legal advice on a wide variety of subjects and undertaking legal business on clients’

behalf;(b) Researching legal principles, statutes and previous court decisions related to specific cases;(c) Gathering evidence to formulate a defense or to initiate legal actions, by such means as interviewing

clients and witnesses to ascertain the facts of a case;(d) Evaluate findings and develop strategies and arguments in preparation for presentation of cases;(e) Pleading clients’ cases before courts of law, tribunals and administrative boards or instructing

barristers to plead in higher courts of justice;(f) Accepting briefs and pleading in the higher court;(g) Acting as prosecutor on behalf of the Government;(h) Negotiating settlements in matters which involve legal disputes;(i) Drafting legislation and preparing government regulations based on existing laws;(j) Drawing up legal documents such as contracts, real estate transactions and wills and preparing

statements of legal opinions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Attorney - Barrister - Lawyer - Prosecutor - Solicitor

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Notary - 2619 - Conveyancing clerk - 3411 - Law clerk – 3411Notes

2612 Judges

Judges preside over civil and criminal proceedings in courts of law.

Tasks include -(a) Presiding over trials and hearings;(b) Interpreting and enforcing rules of procedure and making rulings regarding the admissibility of

evidence;(c) Determining the rights and obligations of the parties involved, and, in cases tried by jury;(d) Instructing the jury on points of law that are applicable to the case;(e) Weighing and considering evidence in non-jury trials and deciding legal guilt or innocence or degree

of liability of the accused or defendant(f) Passing sentence on persons convicted in criminal cases, determining damages or other appropriate

remedy in civil cases and issuing court orders;(g) Researching legal issues and writing opinions on the issues.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chief justice - Judge - Magistrate

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Court clerk - 3411 - Justice of the Peace – 3411Notes

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2619 Legal professionals not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers legal professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor group 261, Legal professionals. For instance, the group includes those who perform legal functions other than pleading or prosecuting cases or presiding over judicial proceedings.In such cases tasks would include:(a) Giving advice on legal aspects of various personal, business and administrative problems;(b) Drawing up legal documents and contracts;(c) Arranging property transfers;(d) Determining, by inquest, the causes of any death not obviously due to natural causes.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Coroner - Jurist (except lawyer or judge) - NotaryNotes

262 Librarians, archivists and curators

Librarians, archivists and curators develop and maintain the collections of archives, libraries, museums, art galleries, and similar establishments.

Tasks performed usually include:Appraising or developing and organizing the contents of archives and artifacts of historical, cultural and artistic interest, and ensuring their safe-keeping and preservation; organizing the collections of and exhibitions at museums, art galleries and similar establishments; developing and maintaining the systematic collection of recorded and published material and making it available to users in libraries and related institutions; preparing scholarly papers and reports; conducting research.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2621 Archivists and curators 2622 Librarians and related information professionalsNotes

2621 Archivists and curators

Archivists and curators collect appraise and ensure the safekeeping and preservation of the contents of archives, artifacts and records of historical, cultural, administrative and artistic interest, and of art and other objects. They plan, devise and implement systems for the safekeeping of records and historically valuable documents

Tasks include:(a) Evaluating and preserving records for administrative, historical, legal, evidential and other purposes;(b) Directing or carrying out the preparation of indexes, bibliographies, microfilm copies and other

reference aids to the collected material and making them available to users;(c) Researching the origin, distribution and use of materials and objects of cultural and historical interest;(d) Organizing, developing and maintaining collections of artistic, cultural, scientific or historically

significant items;(e) Directing or undertaking classification and cataloguing of museum and art gallery collections and

organizing exhibitions;(f) Researching into, appraising, and developing, organizing and preserving historically significant and

valuable documents such as government papers, private papers, photographs, maps, manuscripts audio-visual materials;

(g) Preparing scholarly papers and reports;(h) Planning and implementing the computerized management of archives and electronic records;(i) Organizing exhibitions at museums and art galleries, publicizing exhibits and arranging special

displays for general, specialized or educational interest;(j) Appraising and acquiring archival materials to build and develop an archival collection for research

purposes.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Archivist - Art gallery curator - Museum curator - Records managerNotes

2622 Librarians and related information professionals

Librarians and related information professionals collect, select, develop, organize and maintain library collections and other information repositories organize and control other library services and provide information for users.

Tasks include:(a) Organizing, developing and maintaining a systematic collection of books, periodicals and other

printed, audio-visually and digitally recorded material;(b) Selecting and recommending acquisitions of books and other printed or audio-visually and digitally

recorded material;(c) Organizing, classifying and cataloguing library material;(d) Managing library borrowing and inter-library loan facilities and information networks;(e) Retrieving material and providing information to business and other users based on the collection

itself or on library and information-network systems;(f) Conducting research and analyzing or modifying library and information services in accordance with

changes in users’ needs;(g) Devising and implementing schemes and conceptual models for the storage, organization, classification

and retrieval of information;(h) Preparing scholarly papers and reports;(i) Performing manual, on-line and interactive media reference searches, making interlibrary loans and

performing other functions to assist users in accessing library materials.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bibliographer - Cataloguer - LibrarianNotes

263 Social and religious professionals

Social and related professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply knowledge relating to philosophy, politics, economics, sociology, anthropology, history, philology, languages, psychology, and other social sciences, or they provide social services to meet the needs of individuals and families in a community.

Tasks performed usually include: Formulating and applying solutions to present or projected economic, political or social problems; researching into and analyzing past events and activities and tracing the origin and evolution of the human race; studying the origin and development of languages, or translating or interpreting them; studying mental processes and behavior of individuals and groups; providing social services; preparing scholarly papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2631 Economists 2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals 2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists 2634 Psychologists 2635 Social work and counseling professionals 2636 Religious professionalsNotes

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2631 Economists

Economists conduct research, monitor data, analyze information and prepare reports and plans to resolve economic and business problems and develop models to analyze, explain and forecast economic behavior and patterns. They provide advice to business, interest groups and governments to formulate solutions to present or projected economic and business problems.

Tasks include -(a) Forecasting changes in the economic environment for short-term budgeting, long-term planning and

investment evaluation;(b) Formulating recommendations, policies and plans for the economy, corporate strategies and

investment, and undertaking feasibility studies for projects;(c) Monitoring economic data to assess the effectiveness, and advice on the appropriateness, of monetary

and fiscal policies; (d) Forecasting production and consumption of specific products and services based on records of past

production and consumption and general economic and industry-specific conditions;(e) Preparing forecasts of income and expenditure, interest rates and exchange rates;(f) Analyzing factors that determine labour force participation, employment, wages, unemployment and

other labour market outcomes; (g) Applying mathematical formulae and statistical techniques and apply to test economic theories and

devise solutions to economic problems;(h) Compiling, analyzing and interpreting economic data using economic theory and a variety of statistical

and other techniques;(i) Evaluating the outcome of political decisions concerning public economy and finances and

advising on economic policy and possible courses of action in the light of past, present and projected economic factors and trends;

(j) Preparing scholarly papers and reports;(k) Examining problems related to the economic activities of individual companies;(l) Conducting research on market conditions in local, regional or national areas to set sales and pricing

levels for goods and services, to assess market potential and future trends and to develop business strategies.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Econometrician - Economic adviser - Economic analyst - Economist - Labour economist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Statistician – 2120Notes

2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals

Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals investigate and describe the structure of societies, the origin and evolution of societies, and the interdependence between environmental conditions and human activities. They provide advice on the practical application of their findings in the formulation of economic and social policies.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting research on the origin, development, structure, social patterns, organizations and inter-

relationships of human society;(b) Tracing the origin and evolution of humanity through the study of changing characteristics and

cultural and social institutions; (c) Tracing the development of humanity through the material remains of its past, such as dwellings,

temples, tools, pottery, coins, weapons, or sculpture;(d) Studying physical and climatic aspects of areas and regions, and correlating these findings with

economic, social and cultural activities;(e) Developing theories, models and methods to interpret and describe social phenomena;


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(f) Evaluating the outcome of political decisions concerning social policy;(g) Analyzing and evaluating social data;(h) Advising on the practical application of findings in the formulation of economic and social policies

for population groups and regions, and for the development of markets;(i) Preparing scholarly papers and reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Anthropologist - Archaeologist - Ethnologist - Geographer - SociologistNotes

2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists

Philosophers, historians and political scientists conduct research into the nature of human experience and existence, phases or aspects of human history, and political structures, movements and behavior. They document and report on findings to inform and guide political and individual actions

Tasks include -(a) Researching, mostly by reasoning, into the general causes, principles and meanings of the world,

human actions, experience and existence, and interpreting and developing philosophical concepts and theories;

(b) Consulting and comparing primary sources, such as original or contemporary records of past events, and secondary sources such as archaeological or anthropological findings;

(c) Extracting relevant material, checking its authenticity, and researching into and describing the history of a particular period, country or region, or a particular facet - for example economic, social or political - of its history;

(d) Conducting research in such fields as political philosophy, or past and present theory and practice of political systems, institutions or behavior;

(e) Observing contemporary political institutions and opinions, collecting data on them from various sources, including interviews with government and political party officials and other relevant persons;

(f) Developing theories, models and methods to interpret and describe the nature of human experience and historical and political events and behavior;

(g) Presenting findings and conclusions for publication or use by government, political parties or other organizations and interested persons;

(h) Preparing scholarly papers and reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Genealogist - Historian - Philosopher - Political scientistSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Political adviser – 2422Notes

2634 Psychologists

Psychologists research into and study the mental processes and behavior of human beings as individuals or in groups, and apply this knowledge to promote personal, social, educational or occupational adjustment and development.

Tasks include -(a) Planning and carrying out tests to measure mental, physical and other characteristics such as

intelligence, abilities, aptitudes, potentialities, etc., interpreting and evaluating results, and providing advice;

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(b) Analyzing the effect of heredity, social, occupational and other factors on individual thought and behavior;

(c) Conducting counseling or therapeutic interviews with individuals and groups, and providing follow-up services;

(d) Maintaining required contacts, such as those with family members, educational authorities or employers, and recommending possible solutions to, and treatment of, problems;

(e) Studying psychological factors in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illnesses and emotional or personality disorders, and conferring with related professionals;

(f) Preparing scholarly papers and reports;(g) Formulating achievement, diagnostic and predictive tests for use by teachers in planning methods and

content of instruction;(h) Conducting surveys and research studies on job design, work groups, morale, motivation, supervision

and management;(e) Developing theories, models and methods to interpret and describe human behavior.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clinical Psychologist - Educational Psychologist - Organizational Psychologist - Psychotherapist - Sports psychologist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Psychiatrist – 2212Notes

2635 Social work and counselling professionals

Social work and counselling professionals provide advice and guidance to individuals, families, groups, communities and organizations in response to social and personal difficulties. They assist clients to develop skills and access resources and support services needed to respond to issues arising from unemployment, poverty, disability, addiction, criminal and delinquent behavior, marital and other problems.

Tasks include -(a) Interviewing clients individually, in families, or in groups, to assess their situation and problems and

determine the types of services required;(b) Analyzing the client’s situation and presenting alternative approaches to resolving problems;(c) Compiling case records or reports for courts and other legal proceedings;(d) Providing counselling, therapy and mediation services and facilitating group sessions to assist clients

to develop skills and insights needed to deal with and resolve their social and personal problems;(e) Planning and implementing programs of assistance for clients including crisis intervention and referral

to agencies that provide financial assistance, legal aid, housing, medical treatment and other services;(f) Investigating cases of abuse or neglect and taking action to protect children and other at risk persons;(g) Working with offenders during and after sentence, to help them to integrate into the community and

to change attitudes and behavior in order to reduce further offending;(h) Providing advice to prison governors and to probation and parole review boards that help determine

whether, and under what conditions, an offender should be incarcerated, released from prison or undergo alternative correctional measures;

(i) Acting as advocates for client groups in the community and lobbying for solutions to problems affecting them;

(j) Developing prevention and intervention programs to meet community needs;(k) Maintaining contact with other social service agencies, educational institutions and health care

providers involved with clients to provide information and obtain feedback on clients’ overall situation and progress.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Addictions counsellor - Bereavement counsellor - Child and youth counsellor - Family counsellor - Marriage counsellor


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- Parole officer - Probation officer - Social worker - Women’s welfare organizer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Welfare worker – 3412Notes

2636 Religious professionals

Religious professionals function as perpetuators of sacred traditions, practices and beliefs. They conduct religious services, celebrate or administer the rites of a religious faith or denomination, provide spiritual and moral guidance and perform other functions associated with the practice of a religion.Tasks include -(a) Perpetuating sacred traditions, practices and beliefs;(b) Conducting religious services, rites and ceremonies;(c) Undertaking various administrative and social duties, including participating in committees and

meetings of religious organizations;(d) Providing spiritual and moral guidance in accordance with the religion professed;(e) Propagating religious doctrines in own country or abroad;(f) Preparing religious sermons and preaching’s;(g) Developing and directing study courses and religious education programmes;(h) Counselling individuals regarding interpersonal, health, financial, and religious problems;(i) Scheduling and participating in special events such as camps, conferences, seminars, and retreats.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bonze - Imam - Minister, religion - Poojari - Priest - RabbiSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Lay preacher - 3413 - Monk - 3413 - Nun – 3413Notes

Members of religious orders whose work involves performing the tasks of other occupations, for examples teachers, nurses or welfare support workers, should be classified according to the main tasks and duties performed in the job.

264 Authors, journalists and linguists

Authors, journalists and linguists conceive and create literary works, interpret and communicate news and public affairs through the media and translate or interpret from one language into another.

Tasks performed usually include: Writing literary works; appraising merits of literary and other works of art; collecting information about current affairs and writing about them; researching, investigating, interpreting and communicating news and public affairs through newspapers, television, radio and other media; translating written material from one language to another; simultaneously translating from one language to another.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2641 Authors and related writers 2642 Journalists 2643 Translators, interpreters and other linguistsNotes

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2641 Authors and related writers

Authors and related writers plan, research and write books, scripts, storyboards, plays, essays, speeches, manuals, specifications and other non-journalistic articles (excluding material for newspapers, magazines and other periodicals) for publication or presentation.

Tasks include:(a) Conceiving, writing and editing novels, plays, scripts, poetry and other material for publication or

presentation;(b) Conducting research to establish factual content and to obtain other necessary information;(c) Writing scripts and continuities and preparing programmes for stage, film, radio and television

productions;(d) Analyzing material, such as specifications, notes and drawings, and writing manuals, user guides

and other documents to explain clearly and concisely the installation, operation and maintenance of software, electronic, mechanical and other equipment;

(e) Writing brochures, handbooks and similar technical publications;(f) Selecting material for publication, checking style, grammar and accuracy of content, arranging for any

necessary revisions and checks proof copies before printing.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Author - Book editor - Essayist - Interactive media writer - Novelist - Playwright - Poet - Script writer - Speech writer - Technical writer - WriterSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Advertising copy writer - 2431 - Public relations copy writer - 2432 - Journalist - 2642 - Newspaper editor- 2642Notes

2642 Journalists

Journalists research, investigate, interpret and communicate news and public affairs through newspapers, television, radio and other media.

Tasks include:(a) Collecting local, national and international news through interviews, investigation and observation,

attending public events, seeking out records, reviewing written work, attending film and stage performances;

(b) Collecting, reporting and commenting on news and current affairs for publication in newspapers and periodicals, or for broadcasting by radio, television or webcast media;

(c) Receiving, analyzing and verifying news and other copy for accuracy; (d) Interviewing politicians and other public figures at press conferences and on other occasions, including

individual interviews recorded for radio, television or webcast media;(e) Researching and reporting on developments in specialized fields such as medicine, science and

technology;(f) Writing editorials and commentaries on topics of current interest to stimulate public interest and

express the views of a publication or broadcasting station;(g) Writing critical reviews of literary, musical and other artistic works based on knowledge, judgment

and experience for newspapers, television, radio and other media;(h) Selecting material for publication, checking style, grammar, accuracy and legality of content and

arranging for any necessary revisions;


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(i) Liaising with production staff in checking final proof copies immediately prior to printing;(j) Selecting, assembling and preparing publicity material about business or other organizations for issue

through press, radio, television and other media.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Journalist - Copy editor - Newspaper editor - Newspaper reporter - Sports writer - Sub editor - TV / radio news reporter,Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Public relations officer- 2432 - Book author - 2641 - Book editor – 2641 - Photo journalist - 3431 - Camera operator – 3521Notes

2643 Translators, interpreters and other linguists

Translators, interpreters and other linguists translate or interpret from one language into another and study the origin, development and structure of languages.

Tasks include:(a) Studying relationships between ancient parent languages and modern language groups, tracing the

origin and evolution of words, grammar and language forms, and presenting findings;(b) Advising on or preparing language classification systems, grammars, dictionaries and similar materials;(c) Translating from one language into another and ensuring that the correct meaning of the original is

retained, that legal, technical or scientific works are correctly rendered, and that the phraseology and terminology of the spirit and style of literary works are conveyed as far as possible;

(d) Developing methods for the use of computers and other instruments to improve productivity and quality of translation;

(e) interpreting from a spoken or a signed language into another spoken or signed language , in particular at conferences, meetings and similar occasions, and ensuring that the correct meaning and, as far as possible, the spirit of the original are transmitted;

(f) Revising and correcting translated material.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Interpreter - Lexicographer - Philologist - Sign language interpreter - Subtitler - Translator - Translator-reviserSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Author - 2641 - Book editor - 2641 - Journalist – 2642Notes

265 Creative and performing artists

Creative and performing artists communicate ideas, impressions and facts in a wide range of media to achieve particular effects; interpret a composition such as a musical score or a script to perform or direct the performance; and host the presentation of such performance and other media events.

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Conceiving and creating visual art forms; conceiving and writing original music; devising, directing, rehearsing and performing in music, dance, theatrical and film productions; assuming creative, financial and organizational responsibilities in the production of television programmes, films, and stage presentations; studying script, play or book and preparing and rehearsing interpretation; selecting and introducing music, videos and other entertainment material for broadcast and making commercial and public service announcements.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 2651 Visual artist 2652 Musicians, singers and composers 2653 Dancers and choreographers 2654 Film, stage and related directors and producers 2655 Actors 2656 Announcers on radio, television and other media 2659 Creative and performing artists not elsewhere classifiedNotes

2651 Visual artists

Visual artists create and execute works of art by sculpting, painting, drawing, creating cartoons, engraving or using other techniques.

Tasks include -(a) Conceiving and developing ideas, designs and styles for paintings, drawings and sculptures;(b) Arranging objects, positioning models, and selecting landscapes and other visual forms according to

chosen subject matter;(c) Selecting artistic media, method and materials;(d) Creating representational or abstract three-dimensional or relief forms by shaping, carving and

working and combining materials such as, wood, stone, clay, metal, ice or paper;(e) Creating representational or abstract drawings and paintings using pencils, ink, chalk, oil paints, water

colours or through the application of other techniques;(f) Creating drawings and engraving or etching them on metal, wood, or other materials;(g) Creating cartoons to depict persons and events, often in caricature;(h) Restoring damaged, soiled and faded paintings and other art objects.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cartoonist - Ceramic artist - Commercial artist - Picture restorer - Portrait painter - SculptorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Handicraft workers - 731 - Industrial designer – 2163 - Graphic designer - 2166 - Painting teacher (private tuition) – 2355Notes

2652 Musicians, singers and composers

Musicians, singers and composers write, arrange, conduct and perform musical compositions.

Tasks include -(a) Creating melodic, harmonic and rhythmic structures to express ideas and emotions in musical form;(b) Translating ideas and concepts into standard musical signs and symbols for reproduction and

performance;(c) Adapting or arranging music for particular instrumental or vocal groups, instruments or occasions;(d) Conducting instrumental or vocal groups;


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(e) Selecting music for performances and assigning instrumental parts to musicians;(f) Playing one or more musical instruments as a soloist or as a member of an orchestra or a musical

group;(g) Singing as soloists or members of vocal groups or other bands;(h) Practicing and rehearsing to maintain a high standard of performance.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Band leader - Composer - Instrumentalist - Music conductor - Night club musician - Night club singer - Orchestrator - Singer - Street musician - Street singerNotes

2653 Dancers and choreographers

Dancers and choreographers conceive and create or perform dances.

Tasks include -(a) Conceiving and creating dances, which often convey a story, theme, idea or mood, by a pattern of

steps, movements and gestures;(b) Performing dances as a soloist, with a partner or as a member of a dancing group before live audiences

or for film, television or other visual media;(c) Training, exercising and attending dance classes to maintain the required levels of ability and fitness;(d) Directing and participating in rehearsals to practice dance steps and techniques required for a

performance;(e) Auditioning for dance roles or for memberships in dance companies;(f) Coordinating the production music with the music directors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Choreographer - Ballet Dancer - Night-club dancer - Street dancerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Dance teacher – 2355Notes

2654 Film, stage and related directors and producers

Film, stage and related directors and producers oversee and control the technical and artistic aspects of motion pictures, television or radio productions and stage shows.

Tasks include -(a) Choosing writers, studying scripts to determine artistic interpretation, and instructing actors on acting

methods;(b) Directing all aspects of dramatic productions on stage, television, radio or in motion pictures, including

choice of actors, and final decisions concerning costumes, set designs, sound or lighting effects;(c) Planning, organizing and controlling the various stages and scheduling involved in the production of

presentations, motion pictures, television shows and radio programs;(d) Engaging and supervising all technical personnel, and determining the treatment, scope and scheduling

of production;(e) Maintaining production archives and negotiating royalties;

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(f) Creating, planning, writing scripts for recording, videotaping and editing programs;(g) Supervising the positioning of scenery, props and lighting and sound equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Documentary director - Film editor - Motion picture director - Director of photography - Stage director - Technical director - Technical television or radio director - Theatre producerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - TV news producer -2642 - Broadcasting technician - 3521 - Sound technician - 3521 - Video technician - 3521 - Stage manager – 3435Notes

2655 Actors

Actors portray roles in motion pictures, television or radio productions and stage shows.

Tasks include -(a) Learning lines and cues and playing parts in dramatic productions on stage, commercials, television,

and radio or in motion pictures;(b) Assuming characters created by a playwright or author and communicating this to an audience;(c) Telling stories or reading literary works aloud to educate or entertain listeners;(d) Attending auditions and casting calls in order to audition for roles;(e) Preparing for performances through rehearsals under the instruction and guidance of production

directors;(f) Reading scripts and undertaking research to gain understanding of parts, themes and characteristics;(g) Acting parts and portraying roles as developed in rehearsals in film, television, radio and stage

productions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Actor - Mime artist - Story-tellerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Stunt artist - 3435 - Walker-on – 3435Notes

2656 Announcers on radio, television and other media

Announcers on radio, television and other media read news bulletins, conduct interviews, and make other announcements or introductions on radio, television, and in theatres and other establishments or media

Tasks include -(a) Reading news bulletins and making other announcements on radio or television;(b) Introducing performing artists or persons being interviewed, and making related announcements on

radio, television, or in theatres, night-clubs and other establishments;(c) Interviewing persons in public, especially on radio and television;(d) Studying background information in order to prepare for programs or interviews;(e) Commenting on music and other matters, such as weather or traffic conditions.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Radio announcer - Television announcer - News anchor - Sports announcerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Journalist- 2642Notes

2659 Creative and performing artists not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers all creative and performing artists not classified elsewhere in minor group 265, Creative and performing artists. For instance, the group includes clowns, magicians, acrobats and other performing artists.

In such cases tasks would include:(a) Performing amusing antics and telling funny stories;(b) Performing tricks of illusion and sleight of hand, and feats of hypnotism;(c) Performing difficult and spectacular acrobatics, and gymnastic or juggling feats;(d) Training and performing with animals.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Acrobat - Aerialist - Clown - Hypnotist - Magician - Puppeteer - Stand-up comedian - VentriloquistNotes

3 Technicians and associate professionals

Technicians and associate professionals perform mostly technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the third ISCO skill level.

Tasks performed by technicians and associate professionals usually include: Undertaking and carrying out technical work connected with research and the application of concepts and operational methods in the fields of physical sciences including engineering and technology, life sciences including the medical profession, and social sciences and humanities; initiating and carrying out various technical services related to trade, finance, administration, including administration of government laws and regulations, and to social work; providing technical support for the arts and entertainment; participating in sporting activities; executing some religious tasks. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 31 Science and engineering associate professionals 32 Health associate professionals 33 Business and administration associate professionals 34 Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals 35 Information and communications technicianNotes

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31 Science and engineering associate professionals

Science and engineering associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with research and operational methods in science and engineering. They supervise and control technical and operational aspects of mining, manufacturing, construction and other engineering operations, and operate technical equipment including aircraft and ships.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Setting up, , monitoring and operating instruments and equipment, conducting and monitoring experiments and tests of systems; collecting and testing samples; recording observations and analyzing data; preparing, revising and interpreting technical drawings and diagrams; coordinating, supervising, controlling and scheduling the activities of other workers; operating and monitoring switchboards, computerized control systems, and multi-function process control machinery; perform technical functions to ensure safe and efficient movement and operations ships aircraft and other equipment.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 311 Physical and engineering science technicians 312 Mining, manufacturing and construction supervisors 313 Process Control Technicians 314 Life science technicians and related associate professionals 315 Ship and aircraft controllers and techniciansNotes

311 Physical and engineering science technicians

Physical and engineering science technicians perform technical tasks to aid in research on and the practical application of concepts, principles and operational methods particular to physical sciences including such areas as engineering, technical drawing or economic efficiency of production processes.

Tasks performed usually include: Undertaking and carrying out technical work related to chemistry, physics, geology, meteorology, astronomy, engineering, or technical drawing; setting up, operating, and maintaining laboratory instruments and equipment, monitoring experiments, making observations, and calculating and recording results; preparing materials for experimentation; conducting tests of systems; collecting and testing samples; recording observations and analyzing data; preparing, revising and interpreting technical drawings, wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, or layout drawings.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3111 Chemical and physical science technicians 3112 Civil engineering technicians 3113 Electrical engineering technicians 3114 Electronics engineering technicians 3115 Mechanical engineering technicians 3116 Chemical engineering technicians 3117 Mining and metallurgical technicians 3118 Draughts persons 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classifiedNotes

3111 Chemical and physical science technicians

Chemical and physical science technicians perform technical tasks to aid in research in chemistry, physics, geology, geophysics, meteorology and astronomy, and in the development of industrial, medical, military and other practical applications of research results.


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Tasks include -(a) Collecting samples and preparing materials and equipment for experiments, tests and analyses;(b) Carrying out routine laboratory tests and performing a variety of technical support functions to assist

chemical and physical scientists in research, development, analysis and testing;(c) Controlling the quality and quantity of laboratory supplies by testing samples and monitoring usage

and preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for projects, according to the specifications given;

(d) Setting up, operating, and maintaining laboratory instruments and equipment, monitoring experiments, making observations, and calculating and recording results;

(e) Preparing materials for experimentation such as freezing and slicing specimens and mixing chemicals; (f) Collecting and testing earth and water samples, recording observations and analyzing data in support

of geologists or geophysicists.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chemistry technician - Geology technician - Meteorology technician - Physics technicianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Chemical engineering technician - 3116 - Life science technician – 3141Notes

3112 Civil engineering technicians

Civil engineering technicians perform technical tasks in civil engineering research, design, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of buildings and other structures, such as water supply and wastewater treatment systems, bridges, roads, dams and airports.(a) Performing or assisting with field and laboratory tests of soils and construction materials;(b) Providing technical assistance connected with the construction of buildings and other structures, and

with surveys or the preparation of survey reports;(c) Ensuring compliance with design specifications, relevant legislation and regulations, and maintenance

of desired standards of materials and work;(d) Applying technical knowledge of building and civil engineering principles and practices in order to

identify and solve problems arising;(e) Assisting with the preparation of detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour

required for projects, according to the specifications given;(f) Organizing maintenance and repairs(g) Inspecting buildings and structures during and after construction to ensure that they comply with

building, grading, zoning and safety laws and approved plans, specifications and standards, as well as with other rules concerning quality and safety of buildings;

(h) Inspecting industrial plant, hotels, cinemas and other buildings and structures to detect fire hazards and advise on how they can be removed.

(i) Advising on the installation of fire detectors and sprinkler systems and the use of materials in the construction of buildings and means of transportation to reduce risk of fire and extent of damage and danger if fire occurs

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Building inspector - Clerk of Works - Civil engineering technician - Fire inspector - Geotechnical technician - Surveying technicianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Quantity Surveyor - 2149 - Marine Surveyor - 3115 - Fire investigator – 3119Notes

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3113 Electrical engineering technicians

Electrical engineering technicians perform technical tasks to aid in electrical engineering research, and in the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of electrical equipment, facilities and distribution systems.

Tasks include -(a) Providing technical assistance in research on and development of electrical equipment and facilities,

or testing prototypes;(b) Designing and preparing blueprints of electrical installations and circuitry according to the

specifications given;(c) Preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for manufacture

and installation according to the specifications given;(d) Monitoring technical aspects of the manufacture, installation, utilization, maintenance and repair of

electrical systems and equipment to ensure satisfactory performance and compliance with specifications and regulations;

(e) Planning installation methods, checking completed installation for safety and controls or undertaking the initial running of the new electrical equipment or systems;

(f) Assembling, installing, testing, calibrating, modifying and repairing electrical equipment and installations to conform to regulations and safety requirements.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Electrical engineering technician - Electric power transmission engineering technicianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Electronics engineering technician -3114 - Power production plant operator – 3131 - Electrical mechanic – 7241Notes

3114 Electronics engineering technicians

Electronics engineering technicians perform technical tasks to aid in electronic research, and in the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of electronic equipment.

Tasks include -(a) Providing technical assistance in research and development of electronic equipment, or testing

prototypes;(b) Designing and preparing blueprints of electronic circuitry according to the specifications given; (c) Preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for the

manufacture and installation of electronic equipment, according to the specifications given;(d) Monitoring technical aspects of the manufacture, utilization, maintenance and repair of electronic

equipment to ensure satisfactory performance and ensure compliance with specifications and regulations;

(e) Assisting in the design, development, installation, operation and maintenance of electronic systems;(f) Planning installation methods, checking completed installation for safety and controls or undertaking

the initial running of the new electronic equipment or system;(g) Conducting tests of electronic systems, collecting and analyzing data, and assembling circuitry in

support of electronics engineers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Electronics engineering technician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Electrical engineering technician - 3113 - Telecommunications engineering technician – 3522 - Electronics mechanic – 7421 - Electronic equipment assembler – 8212Notes


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3115 Mechanical engineering technicians

Mechanical engineering technicians perform technical tasks to aid in mechanical engineering research, and in the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of machines, components and mechanical equipment.

Tasks include -(a) Providing technical assistance in research on and development of machines and mechanical

installations, facilities and components, or testing prototypes;(b) Designing and preparing layouts of machines and mechanical installations, facilities and components

according to the specifications given; (c) Preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for manufacture

and installation according to the specifications given; (d) Monitoring technical aspects of manufacture, utilization, maintenance and repair of machines and

mechanical installations, facilities and components to ensure satisfactory performance and compliance with specifications and regulations;

(e) Developing and monitoring the implementation of safety standards and procedures for marine survey work in relation to ships’ hulls, equipment and cargoes;

(f) Assembling and installing new and modified mechanical assemblies, components, machine tools and controls, and hydraulic power systems;

(g) Conducting tests of mechanical systems, collecting and analyzing data, and assembling and installing mechanical assemblies in support of mechanical engineers;

(h) Ensuring that mechanical engineering designs and finished work are within specifications, regulations and contract provisions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aeronautics engineering technician - Marine engineering technician - Mechanical engineering technician - Mechanical engineering estimatorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Industrial machinery mechanic, - 7233 - Mechanical machinery assembler – 8211Notes

3116 Chemical engineering technicians

Chemical engineering technicians perform technical tasks to aid in chemical engineering research, and in the design, manufacture, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of chemical plant.

Tasks include -(a) Assisting in research on and development of industrial chemical processes, plant and equipment, or

testing prototypes;(b) Designing and preparing layouts of chemical plants according to the specifications given;(c) Preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for manufacture

and installation according to the specifications given;(d) Monitoring technical aspects of the construction, installation, operation, maintenance and repair of

chemical plants to ensure satisfactory performance and compliance with specifications and regulations;(e) Conducting chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists and engineers in making

qualitative and quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, and gaseous materials.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chemical engineering technician - Chemical engineering estimator - Petroleum engineering technicianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Chemical technician – 3111Notes

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3117 Mining and metallurgical technicians

Mining and metallurgical technicians perform technical tasks to assist in research and experiments related to metallurgy, in improving methods of extracting solid minerals, oil and gas, and in the design, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of mines and mine installations, of systems for transporting and storing oil and natural gas, and for extraction of metals from ores.

Tasks include -(a) Providing technical assistance to aid in research on and development of processes to determine the

properties of metals and new alloys;(b) Providing technical assistance in geological and topographical surveys, and in the design and layout

of oil, natural gas and mineral ore extraction and transportation systems, and processing and refining plants for minerals and metals;

(c) Preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for mineral, oil and natural gas exploration, extraction, processing and transport projects;

(d) Monitoring technical, regulatory and safety aspects of the construction, installation, operation, maintenance and repair of mineral ore, oil and natural gas exploration, extraction, transport and storage installations and of mineral processing plants;

(e) Helping plan and design mines, mine shafts, tunnels and underground first-aid facilities;(f) Collecting and preparing rock, mineral and metal samples, performing laboratory tests to determine

properties, analyzing and reporting test results and maintaining testing equipment;(g) Using microscopes, electromagnetic irradiation machines, spectrometers, spectrographs, densitometers

and tension testing machines;(h) Assisting scientists in the use of electrical, sonic, or nuclear measuring instruments in both laboratory

and production activities to obtain data indicating potential sources of metallic ore, gas, or petroleum.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Mines inspector - Mining engineering technician - Metallurgical technicianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Mining plant operator - 8111 - Miner - 8111 - Quarrier - 8111 - Geology technician – 3111Notes

3118 Draughtspersons

Draughts persons prepare technical drawings, maps and illustrations from sketches, measurements a n d other data, and copy final drawings and paintings onto printing plates.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing and revising working drawings from sketches and specifications prepared by engineers

and designers for the manufacture, installation and erection of machinery and equipment or for the construction, modification, maintenance and repair of buildings, dams, bridges, roads and other architectural and civil engineering projects;

(b) Operating computer-aided design and drafting equipment to create, modify and generate hard-copy and digital representations of working drawings;

(c) Operating digitizing table or similar equipment to transfer hard-copy representation of working drawings, maps and other curves to digital form;

(d) Preparing and revising illustrations for reference works, brochures and technical manuals dealing with the assembly, installation, operation, maintenance and repair of machinery and other equipment and goods;

(e) Copying drawings and paintings onto stone or metal plates for printing;(f) Preparing wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, and layout drawings used for manufacture,

installation, and repair of electrical equipment in factories, power plants, and buildings;(g) Creating detailed working diagrams of machinery and mechanical devices, including dimensions,

fastening methods, and other engineering information;(h) Arranging for completed drawings to be reproduced for use as working drawings.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Draughts person - Technical illustrator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cartographer - 2165 - Surveyor - 2165Notes

3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers physical and engineering science technicians not classified elsewhere in Minor group 311, Physical and engineering science technicians. For instance, the group includes those who assist scientists and engineers engaged in developing procedures or conducting research on safety, biomedical, environmental or industrial and production engineering.

In such cases tasks would include -(a) Collecting data and providing technical assistance regarding: efficient, safe and economic utilization

of personnel, material and equipment; methods of work and sequence of operations and supervision of their implementation; and efficient layout of plant or establishment;

(b) Aiding in the identification of potential hazards and introducing safety procedures and devices;(c) Modifying and testing equipment and devices used in the prevention, control, and remediation of

environmental pollution, site remediation, and land reclamation; (d) Assisting in the development of environmental pollution remediation devices under the direction of

an engineer;(e) Assisting engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Engineering technician (production) - Time and motion study technician - Quantity surveying technician - Robotics technician - Forensic science technician - Fire investigator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Production engineer - 2149 - Time and motion study engineer - 2149 - Quantity surveyor - 2149 - Aeronautics engineering technician – 3115Notes

312 Mining, manufacturing and construction supervisors

Mining, manufacturing and construction supervisors’ co-ordinate, supervise, control and schedule the activities of workers in manufacturing, mining and construction operations.

Tasks performed usually include: Overseeing, supervising and coordinating the activities of tradespersons, process control technicians, machine operators, assemblers, laborers and other workers; organizing and planning daily work; preparing cost estimates, records and reports; identifying shortages of staff or supplies; ensuring safety of workers; instructing and training new staff.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3121 Mining supervisors 3122 Manufacturing supervisors 3123 Construction supervisorsNotes

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Jobs classified in minor group 312, Mining, manufacturing and construction supervisors, mainly involve planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling and directing the work done by others. Most of the time workers employed in these jobs do not perform the tasks performed by those they supervise, although they frequently have extensive experience in performance of these tasks. Those who carry out the tasks and duties of the jobs they supervise, in addition to controlling the technical quality of the work done by others, should be classified with the workers they supervise. These supervisory jobs often are called “foremen/women” or “team leaders”. In distinguishing between managers classified in major group 1, Managers, and supervisors, classified in other major groups, it should be noted that both managers and supervisors may plan, organize, co-ordinate, control and direct the work done by others. In addition, managers usually have responsibility for and make decisions about: the overall strategic and operational direction of a business or organizational unit (for example about the kinds, quantity and quality of goods to be produced); budgets (how much money is to be spent and for what purposes); and the selection, appointment and dismissal of staff. Supervisors may provide advice and assistance to managers on these matters, especially in relation to staff selection and dismissal, but do not have authority to make decisions.

3121 Mining supervisors

Mining supervisors oversee mining and quarrying operations and directly supervise and coordinate the activities of miners working in underground and surface mines and quarries.

Tasks include -(a) Directly supervising and coordinating the activities of workers who extract minerals and other natural

deposits from the earth, operate underground conveyances or heavy equipment in surface mines and quarries;

(b) Establishing methods to meet work schedules and recommending measures to mining managers to improve productivity;

(c) Working with managerial and technical personnel, other departments and contractors to resolve operational problems and coordinate activities;

(d) Providing reports and other information to mining managers about all aspects of mining or quarrying operations;

(e) Determining staffing and material needs for the mine or quarry.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Mine deputy - Mine supervisor - Mine under-manager - Quarry supervisor

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Mine manager - 1322 - Mine safety inspector - 3117 - Miner - 8111 - Quarrier – 8111Notes

3122 Manufacturing supervisors

Manufacturing supervisors co-ordinate and supervise the activities of process control technicians, machine operators, assemblers, and other manufacturing labourers.

Tasks include -(a) Coordinating and supervising the activities of process control technicians, machine operators,

assemblers, and other manufacturing labourers;(b) Organizing and planning the daily work with regard to plans, economy, staff and environment;(c) Preparing cost estimates, records and reports;(d) Identifying shortage of staff or components;(e) Ensuring safety of workers;(f) Instructing and training new staff.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Area coordinator, manufacturing - Assembly supervisor - Foreman / woman, assembly - Finishing supervisor - Production supervisor, manufacturingSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Manufacturing manager – 1321Notes

3123 Construction supervisors

Construction supervisors, co-ordinate, supervise and schedule the activities of workers engaged in the construction and repair of buildings and structures.

Tasks include -(a) Reading specifications to determine construction requirements and planning procedures;(b) Organizing and coordinating the material and human resources required to complete jobs;(c) Examining and inspecting work progress;(d) Examining equipment and construction sites to ensure that health and safety requirements are met;(e) Supervising construction sites and coordinating work with other construction projects;(f) Supervising the activities of building trades workers, labourers and other construction workers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Building construction supervisor - Site manager (construction)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Construction project manager - 1323 - Project builder - 1323 - Clerk of Works – 3112Notes

313 Process control technicians

Process control technicians operate and monitor switchboards, computerized control systems, multi-function process control machinery and maintain processing units in electrical power generation and distribution, wastewater, sewage treatment and waste disposal plants, chemical, petroleum and natural gas refineries in metal processing and other multiple process operations.

Tasks performed usually include: operating electronic or computerized control panel from a central control room to monitor and optimize processes; controlling process start-up and shut-down; operating and monitoring switchboards and related equipment; monitoring and inspecting equipment and systems to detect malfunctions; taking readings from charts, meters and gauges at established intervals; troubleshooting and take corrective action as necessary; maintaining records, logs and reports; communicating with other personnel to assess equipment operating status; cleaning and maintaining equipment; supervising plant and machine operators and other workers.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3131 Power production plant operators 3132 Incinerator and water treatment plant operators 3133 Chemical processing plant controllers 3134 Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators 3135 Metal production process controllers 3139 Process control technicians not elsewhere classified

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3131 Power production plant operators

Power-production plant operators operate, monitor and maintain switchboards and related equipment in electrical control centers which control the production and distribution of electric or other power in transmission networks. The equipment operated includes reactors, turbines, generators and other auxiliary equipment in electrical power generating stations.

Tasks include: (a) Operating, monitoring and inspecting various types of energy generating power plants; (b) Operating and controlling power generating systems and equipment including boilers, turbines,

generators, condensers, and reactors in hydro, thermal, coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear power plants to generate and distribute electrical power;

(c) Controlling start-up and shut-down of power plant equipment, controlling switching operations, regulating water levels and communicating with systems operators to regulate and coordinate transmission loads, frequency and line voltages;

(d) Taking readings from charts, meters and gauges at established intervals, troubleshooting and performing corrective action as necessary;

(e) Completing and maintaining station records, logs and reports, and communicating with other plant personnel to assess equipment operating status;

(f) Cleaning and maintaining equipment such as generators, boilers, turbines, pumps, and compressors in order to prevent equipment failure or deterioration.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Electric power plant operator - Hydroelectric power plant operator - Nuclear power plant operator - Solar power plant operator - Distribution control operator - Generating station operator - Power system operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - 8182 Steam engine and boiler operatorsNotes

3132 Incinerator and water treatment plant operators

Incinerator and water-treatment plant operators monitor and operate computerized control systems and related equipment in solid and liquid waste treatment plants to regulate the treatment and disposal of sewage and wastes, and in water filtration and treatment plants to regulate the treatment and distribution of water.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring computerized control systems, machinery and related equipment in

wastewater treatment, sewage treatment, and liquid waste plants to regulate flow, treatment and disposal of sewage and wastes, and in water filtration and treatment plants to regulate the treatment and distribution of water for human consumption and for later disposal into natural water systems;

(b) Controlling the operation of multiple-hearth incinerator furnaces and related equipment to burn sludge and solid waste in waste treatment plants;

(c) Inspecting equipment and monitoring operating conditions, meters, filters, chlorinators, and gauges in central control room to determine load requirements, to verify that flows, pressures, and temperatures are within specification, and to detect malfunctions;

(d) Monitoring and adjusting controls of auxiliary equipment, such as exhaust emissions, scrubbers, and incinerator heat recovery units;

(e) Collecting and testing water and sewage samples for chemical and bacterial content, using test equipment and colour analysis standards;

(f) Analyzing test results to make adjustments to plant equipment and systems to disinfect and deodorize water and other liquids;

(g) Performing security and safety checks in plant and on grounds;(h) Completing and maintaining plant logs and reports.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Incinerator operator - Pumping-station operator - Liquid waste process operator - Sewage plant operator - Waste water operator - Water treatment plant operatorNotes

3133 Chemical processing plant controllers

Chemical processing plant controllers operate and monitor chemical plants and adjust and maintain, processing units and equipment which distil, filter, separate, heat or refine chemicals.(a) Operating electronic or computerized control panel from a central control room to monitor and

optimize physical and chemical processes for several processing units;(b) Adjusting equipment, valves, pumps, controls and process equipment;(c) Controlling the preparation, measuring and feeding of raw materials and processing agents such as

catalysts and filtering media into plant;(c) Controlling process start-up and shut-down, troubleshooting and monitoring outside process

equipment;(e) Verifying equipment for malfunctions, carrying out routine operating tests and arranging for

maintenance;(f) Analyzing sample products, performing tests, recording data and writing production logs.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chemical-heat-treating-plant operator - Chemical-filtering and separating equipment operator - Chemical-still and reactor operator - Chemical process technician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Petroleum and natural gas refinery operators - 3134 - Chemical products plant and machine operators – 8131Notes

3134 Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators

Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators operate and monitor plants and adjust and maintain processing units and equipment which refine, distil and treat petroleum, petroleum-based products and by-products, or natural gas.(a) Operating electronic or computerized control panel from a central control room to monitor and

optimize physical and chemical processes for several processing units;(b) Adjusting equipment, valves, pumps, controls and process equipment;(c) Controlling process start-up and shut-down, troubleshooting and monitoring outside process

equipment;(d) Verifying equipment for malfunctions, testing well pipes for leaks and fractures and arranging for

maintenance;(e) Analyzing sample products, performing tests, recording data and writing production logs.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Operator, blender/petroleum and natural gas refining (ethyl) - Operator, paraffin plant - Operator, still/petroleum and natural gas refining - Refinery process technician - Petroleum process operator - Gas plant operatorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Chemical processing plant controllers - 3133 - Chemical products plant and machine operators - 8131Notes

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3135 Metal production process controllers

Metal production process controllers operate and monitor multi-function process control machinery and equipment to control the processing of metal converting and refining furnaces, metal-rolling mills, metal heat-treating, or metal-extrusion plant.

Tasks include -(a) Coordinating and monitoring the operation of a particular aspect of metal processing production

through control panels, computer terminals or other control systems, usually from a central control room;

(b) Operating multi-function central process control machinery to grind, separate, filter, melt, roast, treat, refine or otherwise process metals;

(c) Observing computer printouts, video monitors and gauges to verify specified processing conditions and to make necessary adjustments;

(d) Coordinating and supervising production crew such as machine and process operators, assistants and helpers;

(e) Starting up and shutting down the production system in cases of emergency or as required by schedule;(f) Providing and organizing training for members of production crew;(g) Maintaining shift log of production and other data and preparing production and other reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Blast furnace operator - Central control caster - Metal processing control operator - Rolling mill control operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ladle pourer - 8121 - Steel roller - 8121 - Metal finishing machine operator - 8122

Notes

3139 Process control technicians not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers process control technicians not classified elsewhere in minor group 313 Process control technicians. For instance, the group includes those who operate multiple process control equipment in manufacturing assembly lines and paper and pulp production.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Automated assembly line operator - Industrial robot controller - Paper pulp refinery operatorNotes

314 Life science technicians and related associate professionals

Life science technicians and related associate professionals perform a variety of technical tasks to support life science professionals with their research, development, management, conservation and protection work, in areas such as biology, botany, zoology, biotechnology and biochemistry, and to agriculture, fisheries and forestry.


Conducting tests, experiments, laboratory analyzes, field research and surveys to collect information using accepted scientific methods; keeping records; assisting in analyzing data and preparing reports; operating and maintaining equipment.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3141 Life science technicians (excluding medical) 3142 Agricultural technicians 3143 Forestry techniciansNotes


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3141 Life science technicians (excluding medical)

Life science technicians (except medical) provide technical support to life science professionals undertaking research, analysis and testing of living organisms, and development and application of products and processes resulting from research in areas such as natural resource management, environmental protection, plant and animal biology, microbiology, and cell and molecular biology.

Tasks include -(a) Assisting in designing, setting up and conducting experiments;(b) Setting up, calibrating, operating and maintaining laboratory instruments and equipment;(c) Collecting and preparing specimens and samples, chemical solutions and slides and growing cultures

for use in experiments;(d) Performing routine field and laboratory tests;(e) Monitoring experiments to ensure adherence to correct laboratory quality control procedures and

health and safety guidelines;(f) Making observations of tests, and analyzing, calculating, recording and reporting test results using

appropriate scientific methods;(g) Preserving, classifying and cataloguing specimens and samples;(h) Keeping detailed logs of worked performed;(i) Using computers to develop models and analyze data;(j) Using complex and high-powered equipment to perform work;(k) Participating in the research, development and manufacture of products and processes;(l) Ordering and stocking laboratory supplies;(m) Maintaining relevant databases.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bacteriology technician - Biochemistry technician - Herbarium technician - Pharmacology technician - Serology technician - Tissue culture technician - Zoology technicianSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Medical laboratory technician - 3212 - Pathology laboratory technician - 3212 - Pharmaceutical technician - 3213 - Forensic science technician – 3119Notes

3142 Agricultural techniciansAgricultural technicians perform tests and experiments, and provide technical and scientific support to agricultural scientists, farmers and farm managers.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing materials and equipment for experiments, tests and analyses;(b) Collecting and preparing specimens such as soils, plant or animal cells, tissues or parts or animal

organs for experiments, tests and analyses;(c) Assisting with and performing experiments, tests and analyses applying methods and techniques such

as microscopy, histochemistry, chromatography, electrophoresis and spectroscopy;(d) Identifying pathogenic micro-organisms and insects, parasites, fungi and weeds harmful to crops and

livestock, and assisting in devising methods of control;(e) Analyzing produce to set and maintain standards of quality;(f) Conducting or supervising operational programs such as fish hatchery, greenhouse and livestock

production programs;(g) Analyzing samples of seeds for quality, purity and germination rating;(h) Collecting data and estimating quantities and costs of materials and labour required for projects;(i) Organizing maintenance and repairs of research equipment.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dairy Technician - Field Crop Technical Officer - Herd Tester - Horticultural Technical Officer - Poultry Technical Officer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Artificial inseminator 3240 - Veterinary technician 3240Notes

3143 Forestry technicians

Forestry technicians perform technical and supervisory functions in support of forestry research and forest management, harvesting, resource conservation and environmental protection.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting forest inventories, surveys and field measurements following accepted scientific and

operational procedures;(b) Assisting in and performing technical functions in the preparation of forest management and harvest

plans using photogram metric and mapping techniques and computerized information systems;(c) Assisting in planning and supervision of construction of access routes and forest roads;(d) Implementing, supervising and performing technical functions in silvicultural operations involving site

preparation, planting, and tending of tree crops; (e) Coordinating activities such as timber scaling, forest fire suppression, disease or insect control or pre-

commercial thinning of forest stands;(f) Supervising and performing technical functions in forest harvesting operations;(g) Ensuring adherence to regulations and policies concerning environmental protection, resource

utilization, fire safety and accident prevention;(h) Supervising forest tree nursery operations;(i) Providing technical support to forestry research programs in areas such as tree improvement, seed

orchard operations, insect and disease surveys or experimental forestry and forest engineering research;

(j) Preparing forest cultivation and cutting plans.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Forestry technician - Silviculture technicianNotes

315 Ship and aircraft controllers and technicians

Ship and aircraft controllers and technicians, command and navigate ships and aircraft, perform technical functions to ensure safe and efficient movement and operations, and develop electrical, electromechanical, and computerized air control systems.

Tasks performed usually include:Controlling the operation of mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment on board ship or on aircraft, commanding and navigating ships or aircraft, directing the movements of ships or aircraft and developing electrical, electromechanical, and computerized air control systems.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3151 Ships’ engineers 3152 Ships’ deck officers and pilots 3153 Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals 3154 Air traffic controllers 3155 Air traffic safety electronics techniciansNotes


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3151 Ships’ engineers

Ships’ engineers control and participate in the operation, maintenance and repair of mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment and machinery on board ship, or perform related supporting functions on shore.

Tasks include -(a) Controlling and participating in the operation, maintenance and repair of mechanical, electrical and

electronic equipment and machinery on board ship;(b) Ordering fuel and other engine-room department stores and maintaining record of operations;(c) Performing technical supervision of the installation, maintenance and repair of ship’s machinery and

equipment to ensure compliance with specifications and regulations;(d) Inspecting and conducting maintenance and emergency repairs to engines, machinery and auxiliary

equipment;(e) Standing engine room watch, monitoring and noting performance of engines, machinery and auxiliary

equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Ships’ Engineer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Marine engineer – 2144Notes

3152 Ships’ deck officers and pilots

Ships’ deck officers and pilots command and navigate ships and similar vessels, and perform related functions on shore.(a) Commanding and navigating ship or similar vessel at sea or on inland waterways;(b) Controlling and participating in deck and bridge-watch activities;(c) Navigating vessels into and out of ports and through channels, straits and other waters where special

knowledge is required;(d) Ensuring safe loading and unloading of cargo and observance of safety regulations and procedures by

crew and passengers;(e) Performing technical supervision of maintenance and repair of ship to ensure compliance with

specifications and regulations;(f) Applying knowledge of principles and practices relating to ship’s operation and navigation in order

to identify and solve problems arising in the course of their work;(g) Ordering ship’s stores and recruiting crew as required and maintaining record of operations;(h) Transmitting and receiving routine and emergency information with shore stations and other ships.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Captain ship/sea - Pilot, ship - Skipper, yacht

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Sailor 8350Notes

3153 Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals

Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals control the operation of mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment, in order to navigate aircraft for transporting passengers, mail and freight and perform related pre-flight and in-flight tasks.

Tasks include -(a) Flying and navigating aircraft in accordance with established control and operating procedures;(b) Preparing and submitting flight plan or examining standard flight plan;

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(c) Controlling the operation of mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment and ensuring that all instruments and controls work properly;

(d) Applying knowledge of principles and practices of flying in order to identify and solve problems arising in the course of their work;

(e) Examining maintenance records and conducting inspections to ensure that aircraft are mechanically sound, maintenance has been performed and that all equipment is operational.;

(f) Signing necessary certificates and maintaining official records of flight;(g) Obtaining briefings and clearances before flights and maintaining contact with air traffic or flight

control during flight.Examples of the occupations classified here: -Flight Engineer -Flying instructor -Navigator (flight) -Pilot (aircraft)Notes

3154 Air traffic controllers

Air traffic controllers direct aircraft movements in airspace and on the ground, using radio, radar and lighting systems, and provide information relevant to the operation of aircraft.

Tasks include -(a) Directing and controlling aircraft approaching and leaving airport and their movement on the ground;(b) Directing and controlling aircraft operating in designated airspace sector;(c) Examining and approving flight plans;(d) Informing flight crew and operations staff about weather conditions, operational facilities, flight (e) Plans and air traffic;(f) Applying knowledge of principles and practices of air traffic control in order to identify and solve

problems arising in the course of their work;(g) Initiating and organizing emergency, search and rescue services and procedures;(h) Directing activities of all aircraft and service vehicles on or near airport runways;(i) Maintaining radio and telephone contact with adjacent control towers, terminal control units and

other control centers, and coordinating the movement of aircraft into adjoining areas.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Air traffic controllerNotes

3155 Air traffic safety electronics technicians

Air traffic safety electronics technicians perform technical tasks concerning the design, installation, management, operation, maintenance and repair of air traffic control and air navigation systems.

Tasks include:(a) Carrying out technical duties related to the development of electronic and computerized air navigation

systems and equipment, and testing prototypes; (b) Providing technical help in the design and layout of specific interface circuitry of air navigation and

aircraft detection tracking systems; (c) Preparing and contributing to the preparation of cost estimates and technical and training specifications

for air traffic control and safety equipment; (d) Providing or assisting with the technical supervision of construction, installation and operation of

ground-based air navigation equipment and its maintenance and repair to ensure that standards and specifications are met;

(e) Applying the knowledge and skills of air traffic safety engineering principles and practices in order to identify and solve problems arising in the course of their work;

(f) Developing, modifying and debugging system software;(g) Modifying existing ground-based air navigation systems and equipment to adapt them to new air

traffic control procedures, in order to improve capability, reliability and integrity, or to facilitate air traffic control procedures and airspace designation;


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(h) Controlling, monitoring and certifying communication navigation and surveillance air traffic management equipment and calibrating the ground-based air navigation system to ensure maximum accuracy and safety of flight, take-off and landing operations;

(i) Providing technical training and supervising other workers.

Example of the occupations classified here: - Air traffic safety technician - Air traffic safety engineerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Aeronautical engineer - 2144 - Electronics engineer - 2151 - Aeromechanic - 7232 - Aircraft maintenance engineer (avionics) -7421 - Avionics technician - 7421Notes

32 Health associate professionals

Health associate professionals perform technical and practical tasks to support diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments in humans and animals, and to support implementation of health care, treatment and referrals plans usually established by medical, veterinary, nursing and other health professionals.

Tasks performed by workers in the sub-major group usually include: Testing and operating medical imaging equipment and administering radiation therapy; performing clinical tests on specimens of bodily fluids and tissues; preparing medications and other pharmaceutical compounds under the guidance of pharmacists; designing, fitting, servicing and repairing medical and dental devices and appliances; providing nursing and personal care and midwifery support services; using herbal and other therapies based on theories, beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians 322 Nursing and midwifery associate professionals 323 Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals 324 Veterinary technicians and assistants 325 Other health associate professionalsNotes

321 Medical and pharmaceutical technicians

Medical and pharmaceutical technicians perform technical tasks to assist in diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairmentsTasks usually include:

Testing and operating radiographic, ultrasound and other medical imaging equipment; administering radiopharmaceuticals or radiation to patients to detect or treat diseases; performing clinical tests on specimens of bodily fluids and tissues; preparing medications and other pharmaceutical compounds under the guidance of pharmacists; designing, fitting, servicing and repairing medical and dental devices and appliances.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3211 Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians 3212 Medical and pathology laboratory technicians 3213 Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants 3214 Medical and dental prosthetic techniciansNotes

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3211 Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians

Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians test and operate radiographic, ultrasound and other medical imaging equipment to produce images of body structures for the diagnosis and treatment of injury, disease and other impairments. They may administer radiation treatments to patients under the supervision of a radiologist or other health professional.

Tasks include -(a) Operating or overseeing operation of radiologic, ultrasound and magnetic imaging equipment to

produce images of the body for diagnostic purposes;(b) Explaining procedures, observing and positioning patients, and using protection devices to ensure

safety and comfort during examination, scan, or treatment;(c) Position imaging or treatment equipment, monitoring video displays, and adjusting settings and

controls according to technical specifications;(d) Reviewing and evaluating developed x-rays, video tape, or computer generated information to

determine if images are satisfactory for diagnostic purposes and recording results of procedures; (e) Monitoring patients’ conditions and reactions, reporting abnormal signs to a medical practitioner;(f) Measuring and recording radiation dosage or radiopharmaceuticals received and used for patients,

following prescription issued by a medical practitioner;(g) Administering, detecting and mapping radiopharmaceuticals or radiation in patients’ bodies, using

radioisotope, camera or other equipment for diagnosing and treating diseases; (h) Recording and disposing of radioactive materials and storing radiopharmaceuticals, following

radiation safety procedures.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Diagnostic medical radiographer - Mammographer - Medical radiation therapist - Nuclear medicine technologist - Sonographer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Medical physicist - 2111 - Radiologist - 2212 - Radiation Protection Expert - 2263 - Medical imaging assistant- 5329Notes

3212 Medical and pathology laboratory technicians

Medical and pathology laboratory technicians perform clinical tests on specimens of bodily fluids and tissues in order to obtain information about the health of a patient or cause of death.

Tasks include -(a) Conducting chemical analysis of body fluids, including blood, urine, and spinal fluid, to determine

presence of normal and abnormal components;(b) Operating, calibrating and maintaining equipment used in quantitative and qualitative analysis, such

as spectrophotometers, calorimeters, flame photometers, and computer-controlled analyzers;(c) Entering data from analysis of laboratory tests and clinical results into records-keeping systems and

reporting results to medical practitioners and other health professionals; (d) Analyzing samples of biological material for chemical content or reaction;(e) Setting up, cleaning, and maintaining laboratory equipment;(f) Analyzing laboratory findings to check the accuracy of the results; (g) Establishing and monitoring programs to ensure the accuracy of laboratory results and developing,

standardizing, evaluating, and modifying procedures, techniques and tests used in the analysis of specimens;

(h) Obtaining specimens, cultivating, isolating and identifying microorganisms for analysis; (i) Examining cells stained with dye to locate abnormalities;(j) Inoculating fertilized eggs, broths, or other bacteriological media with organisms.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Blood-bank technician - Cytology technician - Medical laboratory technician - Pathology technician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Forensic science technician - 2119 - Pathologist - 2212 - Veterinary technician - 3240 - Phlebotomist – 5329Notes

3213 Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants

Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants perform a variety of tasks associated with dispensing medicinal products under the guidance of a pharmacist or other health professional.

Tasks include: (a) Preparing medications and other pharmaceutical compounds under the guidance of a pharmacist or

other health professional;(b) Dispensing medicines and drugs to clients and giving written and oral instructions on their use, as

prescribed by medical doctors, veterinarians or other health professionals;(c) Receiving prescriptions or refill requests from health professionals and verifying that information is

complete and accurate according to medical records keeping standards;(c) Maintaining proper storage and security conditions for drugs;(e) Filling and labeling containers with prescribed medications;(f) Assisting clients by answering questions, locating items or referring them to a pharmacist for medication

information; (g) Pricing and filing prescriptions that has been filled and establish and maintaining patient records,

including lists of medications taken by individual patients;(h) Ordering, labeling, and counting stock of medications, chemicals, and supplies, and entering inventory

data into records-keeping systems;(i) Cleaning and preparing equipment and containers used to prepare and dispense medicines and

pharmaceutical compounds.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Pharmaceutical technician - Pharmaceutical assistant

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Pharmacist - 2262 - Pharmacology technician - 3141 - Pharmacy aid – 5329Notes

3214 Medical and dental prosthetic technicians

Medical and dental prosthetic technicians design, fit service and repair medical and dental devices and appliances following prescriptions or instructions established by a health professional. They may service a wide range of support instruments to correct physical medical or dental problems such as neck braces, orthopaedic splints, artificial limbs, hearing aides, arch supports, dentures, and dental crowns and bridges.

Tasks include -(a) Examining, interviewing, and measuring patients in order to determine their appliance needs and to

identify factors that could affect appliance fit;(b) Conferring with medical and dental practitioners in order to formulate specifications and prescriptions

for devices and appliances;(c) Interpreting prescriptions or specifications to determine the type of product or device to be fabricated,

and the materials and tools that will be required;

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(d) Making or receiving casts or impressions of patients’ torsos, limbs, mouths or teeth for use as fabrication patterns;

(e) Designing and making orthotic and prosthetic devices using materials such as thermoplastic and thermosetting materials, metal alloys and leather, and hand and power tools;

(f) Fitting appliances and devices onto patients, testing and evaluating them, and making adjustments for proper fit, function, and comfort;

(g) Repairing, modifying, and maintaining medical and dental prosthetic and supportive devices, according to specifications;

(h) Bending, forming, and shaping fabric or material so that it conforms to prescribed contours needed to fabricate structural components;

(i) fabricating full and partial dentures and constructing mouth guards, crowns, metal clasps, inlays, bridgework and other aids;

(j) Instructing patients in the use and care of prosthetic or orthotic devices.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dental technician - Denturist - Orthotic technician - Orthotist - Prosthetic technician - Prosthetist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Dental aide – 5329Notes

Occupations included in this category normally require some medical, dental and anatomical and engineering knowledge obtained through formal training. Technicians who construct and repair precision medical and surgical instruments are not included here.

322 Nursing and midwifery associate professionals

Nursing and midwifery associate professionals provide basic nursing and personal care for people who are physically or mentally ill, disabled or infirm, and others in need of care due to potential risks to health including before, during and after childbirth. They generally work under the supervision of, and in support of implementation of health care, treatment and referrals plans established by, medical, nursing, midwifery and other health professionals.

Tasks performed usually include: Providing nursing and personal care, treatment and advice to patients as per care plans as established by health professionals; assisting professional nurses, midwives and medical doctors in administering medication and treatments; cleaning wounds and applying surgical dressings; providing advice to individuals, families and communities on topics related to health, contraception, pregnancy and childbirth; assessing progress during pregnancy and childbirth, providing or assisting in delivery care, and recognizing signs and symptoms requiring referral to a health professional; providing care and support to women and newborns following childbirth.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3221 Nursing associate professionals 3222 Midwifery associate professionalsNotes

3221 Nursing associate professionals

Nursing associate professionals provide basic nursing and personal care for people in need of such care due to effects of ageing, illness, injury, or other physical or mental impairment. They generally work under the supervision of, and in support of implementation of health care, treatment and referrals plans established by, and medical, nursing and other health professionals.


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Tasks include:(a) Providing nursing and personal care and treatment and health advice to patients as per care plans

established by health professionals; (b) Administering medications and other treatments to patients, monitoring patients’ condition and

responses to treatment, and referring patients and their families to a health professional for specialized care as needed;

(c) Cleaning wounds and applying surgical dressings;(d) Updating information on patients’ condition and treatments received in records-keeping systems;(e) Assisting in planning and managing the care of individual patients;(f) Assisting in giving first-aid treatment in emergencies.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Associate professional nurse - Assistant nurse - Enrolled nurse - Practical nurse

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Professional nurse - 2221 - Clinical nurse consultant - Specialist nurse - 2221 - Professional midwife - 2222 - Associate professional midwife - 3222 - Nursing aide (hospital or clinic) - 5321 - Nursing aide (home) – 5322Notes

The distinction between professional and associate professional nurses should be made on the basis of the nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specified in this definition. The qualifications held by individuals or that predominate in the country are not the main factor in making this distinction, as training arrangements for nurses vary widely between countries and have varied over time within countries.

3222 Midwifery associate professionals

Midwifery associate professionals provide basic health care and advice before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. They implement care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical, midwifery and other health professionals.

Tasks include -(a) Providing advice to women, families and communities on health, nutrition, hygiene, exercise, birth

and emergency plans, breastfeeding, infant care, family planning and contraception, lifestyle and other topics related to pregnancy and childbirth;

(b) Assessing progress during pregnancy and childbirth, and recognizing signs and symptoms requiring referral to a health professional;

(c) Providing delivery care, usually only in the absence of identified potential complications, or assisting medical doctors or midwifery professionals with delivery care;

(d) Providing care and support to women and newborns following childbirth, monitoring their health status, and identifying signs and symptoms requiring referral to a health professional.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Assistant midwife - Traditional midwifeSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Clinical nurse consultant - 2221 - Nurse, professional - 2221 - Specialist nurse - 2221 - Nursing aide (hospital) - 5321 - Professional midwife - 2222 - Midwifery attendant – 5321Notes

The criteria for inclusion of individuals in this category should be made on the basis of the nature of the work performed in relation to the tasks specified in this definition, and not the qualifications held by individuals

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or that predominate in the country. Traditional and lay midwives, who provide basic pregnancy and birthing care and advice based primarily on experience and knowledge acquired informally through the traditions and practices of the communities where they originated, are classified here. Birth assistants, who provide emotional support and general care and advice to women and families during pregnancy and labor, are classified in minor group 532, Personal care workers in health services.

323 Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals

Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals prevent, care for and treat human physical and mental illnesses, disorders and injuries using herbal and other therapies based on theories, beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures.

Tasks performed usually include: Examining patients and interviewing them and their families to determine their health status and the nature of physical or mental disorders or illnesses or other ailments; recommending and providing care and treatment for illnesses and other ailments using traditional techniques and medicaments, such as physical manipulation and exercises, blood-letting using natural vessels, and preparations using herbs, plants, insects and animal extracts; providing care and treatment for physical injuries such as setting and healing fractured and dislocated bones using traditional methods of physical manipulation and herbal therapies; advising individuals, families and the community on health, nutrition, hygiene, lifestyle and other issues to maintain or improve health and well-being; referring patients to, and exchanging information with, other health care providers to ensure comprehensive and continuing care.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3230 Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionalsNotes

3230 Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals

Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals prevent, care for and treat human physical and mental illnesses, disorders and injuries using herbal and other therapies based on theories, beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures .

Tasks include - (a) Examining patients and interviewing them and their families to determine their health status and the

nature of physical or mental disorders or illnesses or other ailments;(b) Recommending and providing care and treatment for illnesses and other ailments using traditional

techniques and medicaments, such as physical manipulation and exercises, blood-letting using natural vessels, and preparations using herbs, plants, insects and animal extracts;

(c) Providing care and treatment for physical injuries such as setting and healing fractured and dislocated bones using traditional methods of physical manipulation and herbal therapies;

(d) Advising individuals, families and the community on health, nutrition, hygiene, lifestyle and other issues to maintain or improve health and well-being;

(e) Referring patients to, and exchanging information with, other health care providers to ensure comprehensive and continuing care.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bonesetter - Herbalist - Witch doctor - Village healer - Scraping and cupping therapist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Acupuncturist - 2230 - Ayuverdic practitioner - 2230 - Chinese herbal medicine practitioner - 2230 - Homeopath - 2230 - Naturopath - 2230


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- Traditional midwife - 3222 - Acupressure therapist - 3255 - Hydrotherapist - 3255 - Chiropractor - 3259 - Osteopath - 3259 - Faith healer – 3413Notes

Occupations in traditional and complementary medicine whose practice requires an extensive understanding of the benefits and applications of traditional and complementary therapies, developed as the result of prolonged formal study of these techniques as well as human anatomy and elements of modern medicine, are classified in Unit group 2230, Traditional and complementary medicine professionals. Those whose practice requires a less extensive understanding based on relatively short periods of formal education and training, or informally through the traditions and practices of the communities where they originated, are included in Unit group 3230, Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals. Faith healers, who treat human ailments through spiritual therapies, without using herbal therapies or other medicaments or physical treatments, are included in Unit group 5329, Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified. Occupations that provide therapy using traditional forms of massage and the application of pressure, such as acupressure and shiatsu therapists are classified in Unit group 3255, Physiotherapy technicians and assistants. Traditional and lay midwives, who provide basic pregnancy and birthing care and advice based primarily on experience and knowledge acquired informally through the traditions and practices of the communities where they originated, are classified in Unit group 3222, Midwifery associate professionals.

324 Veterinary technicians and assistants

Veterinary technicians and assistants carry out advisory, diagnostic, preventive and curative veterinary tasks, more limited in scope and complexity than those carried out by veterinarians. They care for animals under treatment and in temporary residence at veterinary facilities and assist veterinarians to perform procedures and operations.


Advising communities and individuals on the treatment of animals and their diseases and injuries; conducting examinations of animals to make diagnoses or refer more difficult cases to veterinarians when needed; treating ill or injured animals, especially for common diseases and disorders; cleaning and sterilizing examination tables and instruments and preparing materials used in the examination and treatment of animals; carrying out technical tasks connected with artificial insemination of animals; getting animals ready for examination or treatment and restraining or holding them during treatment; assisting veterinarians to administer anesthetics and oxygen during treatment; placing animals in cages for recovery from operations and monitoring their condition.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3240 Veterinary technicians and assistantsNotes

3240 Veterinary technicians and assistants

Veterinary technicians and assistants carry out advisory, diagnostic, preventive and curative veterinary tasks, more limited in scope and complexity than those carried out by, and with the guidance of, veterinarians. They care for animals under treatment and in temporary residence at veterinary facilities, perform routine procedures and assist veterinarians to perform procedures and operations.

Tasks include -(a) Advising communities and individuals on the treatment of animals and their diseases and injuries;(b) Conducting examinations of animals to make diagnoses or refer more difficult cases to veterinarians

when needed;(c) Treating ill or injured animals, especially for common diseases and disorders;

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(d) Cleaning and sterilising examination tables and instruments and preparing materials used in the examination and treatment of animals;

(e) Carrying out technical tasks connected with artificial insemination of animals;(f) Getting animals ready for examination or treatment and restraining or holding them during treatment;(g) Assisting veterinarians to administer anaesthetics and oxygen during treatment;(h) Placing animals in cages for recovery from operations and monitoring their condition;(i) Producing radiographs, collecting samples, and performing other laboratory tests to assist in diagnosis

of animal health problems;(j) Performing routine animal dental procedures and assisting veterinarians with animal dentistry.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Artificial inseminator - Veterinary assistant - Veterinary nurse - Veterinary vaccinator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Veterinarian - 2250 - Animal attendant - 5164 - Veterinary aide – 5164Notes

325 Other health associate professionals

Other health associate professionals perform technical tasks and provide support services in dentistry, medical records administration, community health, the correction of reduced visual acuity, physiotherapy, environmental health, emergency medical treatment and other activities to support and promote human health.

Tasks usually include: Providing basic care services for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders of the teeth and mouth; advising communities and individuals on hygiene, diet and other preventive measures to reduce potential risks to health; compiling and maintaining patients’ medical records to document condition and treatment and to provide data for research, billing, cost control and care improvement; assisting families to develop the necessary skills and resources to improve their health status; providing advice and education on sanitation and hygiene to limit the spread of infectious diseases; fitting and dispensing optical lenses; investigate the implementation of rules and regulations relating to environmental and occupational factors that may potentially affect human health; massaging the soft tissues of the body; showing patients to examination rooms and preparing them for examination; attending accidents, emergencies and requests for medical assistance.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3251 Dental assistants and therapists 3252 Medical records and health information technicians 3253 Community health workers 3254 Dispensing opticians 3255 Physiotherapy technicians and assistants 3256 Medical assistants 3257 Environmental and occupational health inspectors and associates 3258 Ambulance workers 3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classifiedNotes

3251 Dental assistants and therapists

Dental assistants and therapists provide basic dental care services for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders of the teeth and mouth, as per care plans and procedures established by a dentist or other oral health professional.


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Tasks include: (a) Advising communities and individuals on dental hygiene, diet and other preventive measures to

reduce potential risks to oral health;(b) Conducting visual and physical examinations of patients’ mouths, teeth and related structures to

assess oral health status;(c) Identifying cases of patients with poor oral health or oral disease requiring referral to a dentist or other

health professional(d) Assisting dentists during complex dental procedures(e) Providing fluoride treatments, cleaning and removing deposits from teeth, preparing cavities and

placing fillings, administering local anesthesia, and performing other types of basic or routine clinical dental procedures;

(f) Preparing, cleaning and sterilizing dental instruments, equipment and materials used in the examination and treatment of patients;

(g) Getting patients ready for examination or treatment including explaining procedures and correct positioning;

(h) Taking impressions of the mouth and dental radiographs to support diagnosis and fitting of dental prosthetics.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dental assistant - Dental hygienist - Dental therapist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Dentist - 2261 - Dental mechanic- 3214 - Dental prosthetist - 3214 - Dental technician - 3214 - Dental aid – 5329Notes

3252 Medical records and health information technicians

Medical records and health information technicians develop, maintain and implement health records processing, storage and retrieval systems in medical facilities and other health care settings to meet the legal professional, ethical and administrative records-keeping requirements of health services delivery.

Tasks include -(a) Planning, developing, maintaining and operating a variety of health record indexes and storage and

retrieval systems to collect, classify, store and analyze information; (b) Transcribing, compiling and processing patient medical records, admission and discharge documents,

and other medical reports into records-keeping systems to provide data for patient monitoring and referral, epidemiological monitoring, research, billing, cost control and care improvement;

(c) Reviewing records for completeness, accuracy and compliance with regulations; (d) Translating narrative descriptions and numeric information from medical records and other documents

on health services delivery into codes associated with standard classification systems;(e) Protecting the security of medical records to ensure that confidentiality is maintained and releasing

information to authorized persons and agencies in accordance with regulations; (f) Supervising clerical and administrative workers involved in the maintenance of medical records.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clinical coder - Disease registry technician - Health information clerk - Medical records analyst - Medical records clerk - Medical records technician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Data entry clerk - 4132 - Filing clerk - 4132 - Medical secretary – 3344Notes

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Occupations included in this unit group normally require knowledge of medical terminology, legal aspects of health information, health data standards, and computer- or paper-based data management as obtained through formal education and/or on-the-job training.

3253 Community health workers

Community health workers provide health education, referral and follow up, case management, and basic preventive health care and home visiting services to specific communities. They provide support and assistance to individuals and families in navigating the health and social services system.

Tasks include -(a) Providing information to families and communities on a range of health issues including nutrition,

hygiene, infant and child care, immunizations, family planning, risk factors and prevention of common infectious diseases, poisoning prevention, first aid for treatment of simple and common ailments, substance abuse, domestic violence, and other topics;

(b) Visiting families in their homes to provide information on the health, social and other services available and support them in gaining access to these services;

(c) Visiting families who do not usually access medical establishments to monitor on a regular basis certain conditions, such as progress with pregnancy, child growth and development, and environmental sanitation;

(d) Distributing to households medical supplies for the prevention and treatment of endemic diseases such as malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea diseases, and instructing family and community members in the use of these products;

(e) Conducting outreach efforts to groups who do not usually access medical establishments with information and basic medical supplies for prevention and management of certain health conditions for which they are most at risk, such as HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases;

(f) Collecting data from households and communities who do not usually access medical establishments for purposes of patient monitoring and referral and reporting to meet health regulations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Community health aide - Community health promoter - Community health worker - Village health worker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Village healer - 3230 - Tradiational midwife - 3222 - Home care aide – 5322Notes

Occupations included in this category normally require formal or informal training and supervision recognized by the health and social services authorities. Providers of routine personal care, self-defined health care providers and traditional medicine practitioners are not included here.

3254 Dispensing opticians

Dispensing opticians design fit and dispenses optical lenses based on a prescription from an ophthalmologist or optometrist for the correction of reduced visual acuity. They service corrective eyeglasses, contact lenses, low-vision aids and other optical devices.

Tasks include -(a) Examining and taking facial and eye measurements of clients for fitting of eyeglasses and other optical

devices; (b) Providing advice to clients with selection and maintenance of eyeglasses and frames, types of contact

lenses and other optical devices for performance, safety, comfort and lifestyle; (c) Interpreting optical prescriptions and preparing work order for optical laboratory for grinding and

mounting of lenses in frames, preparation of contact lenses and other required work; (d) Verifying exactness of finished optical appliances and devices to the original prescription and fit of

clients.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Contact lens optician - Dispensing optician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ophthalmologist - 2212 - Ophthalmic optician - 2267 - Optometrist - 2267 - Orthoptist – 2267Notes

3255 Physiotherapy technicians and assistants

Physiotherapy technicians and assistants provide physical therapeutic treatments to patients in circumstances where functional movement is threatened by injury, disease or impairment. Therapies are usually provided as per rehabilitative plans established by a physiotherapist or other health professional.

Tasks include -(a) Administering manual treatments such as massage therapy or pressure point therapy;(b) Administering electrical modality treatments, ultrasound, and other physical therapies using

specialized techniques and equipment, including infra-red lamps, wet compresses, and herbal and mineral therapies;

(c) Instructing, motivating, safeguarding and assisting patients as they practice physical exercises, relaxation techniques and functional activities;

(d) Conferring with physiotherapists or other health care providers to evaluate patient information for planning, modifying, and coordinating treatment;

(e) Monitoring and recording patients’ progress during treatments, including measuring their range-of-joint motion and vital signs;

(f) Fitting patients for orthopedic braces, prostheses, and other physical supportive devices such as crutches, and instructing patients in the use of such devices.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Acupressure therapist - Electrotherapist - Hydrotherapist - Massage therapist - Physiotherapy technician - Physical rehabilitation technician - Shiatsu therapist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Physiotherapist - 2264 - Podiatrist - 2269 - Occupational therapist - 2269 - Chiropractor – 3259Notes

3256 Medical assistants

Medical assistants perform basic clinical and administrative tasks to support patient care under the direct supervision of a medical practitioner or other health professional.

Tasks include -(a) Interviewing patients and their families to obtain information on their health status and medical

history;(b) Assisting medical doctors and other health professionals to examine and treat patients, including

measuring and recording vital signs, administering medications, and performing routine clinical procedures such as giving injections and removing sutures ;

(c) Getting patients ready for examination and treatment, including explaining procedures and showing them to examination rooms;

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(d) Preparing and handling medical instruments and supplies, including sterilizing instruments and disposing of contaminated supplies in accordance with safety procedures;

(e) Collecting blood, tissue or other specimens, and preparing them for laboratory testing; (f) Providing information to patients and families on health care topics including medications prescribed

by a medical doctor or other health professional; (g) Providing prescription and drug refill information to pharmacies; (h) Maintaining cleanliness of patient waiting and examination rooms; (i) Recording information on patients’ medical history, diagnostic testing and treatment procedures and

results, and other information in medical records-keeping systems; (j) Scheduling appointments with patients, and preparing documentation required for billing, reporting

and insurance purposes.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clinical assistant - Medical assistant - Ophthalmic assistant

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Clinical officer (paramedical) - 2240 - Medical prosthetic technician - 3214 - Dental assistant - 3251 - Physiotherapy assistant - 3255 - Medical secretary - 3344 - Medical imaging assistant - 5329Notes

Occupations included in this category normally require formal training in health services provision. Clinical care providers with advanced training and skills to provide independent medical diagnostic and treatment services are classified in unit group 2240, Paramedical practitioners.

3257 Environmental and occupational health inspectors and associates

Environmental and occupational health inspectors and associates investigate the implementation of rules and regulations relating to environmental factors that may affect human health, safety in the workplace, and safety of processes for the production of goods and services. They may implement and evaluate programs to restore or improve safety and sanitary conditions under the supervision of a health professional.

Tasks include -(a) Advising employers’ and workers’ representatives on the implementation of government and other

rules and regulations concerning occupational safety and the working environment;(b) Inspecting places of work to ensure that the working environment, machinery and equipment conform

to government and other rules, regulations and standards related to sanitation and/or occupational and environmental health and safety;

(c) Giving advice on environmental sanitary problems and techniques;(d) Inspecting places of work and, by interviews, observations and other means, obtaining information

about work practices and accidents to determine compliance with safety rules and regulations;(e) Inspecting areas of production, processing, transport, handling, storage and sale of products to ensure

conformity with government and other rules, regulations and standards;(f) Advising enterprises and the general public on the implementation of government and other rules

and regulations concerning hygiene, sanitation, purity and grading of primary products, food, drugs, cosmetics and similar goods;

(g) Inspecting establishments to ensure that they conform to government and other rules and regulations concerning emission of pollutants and disposal of dangerous wastes

(h) Initiating action to maintain or improve hygiene and prevent pollution of water, air, food or soil;(i) Promoting preventive and corrective measures such as control of disease carrying organisms and of

harmful substances in the air, hygienic food handling, and proper disposal of waste and cleaning of public places;

(j) Estimating quantities and costs of materials and labour required for health, safety and sanitation remediation projects;


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Food sanitation and safety inspector - Health inspector - Occupational health and safety inspector - Sanitarian - Sanitary inspector

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Environmental health officer - 2263 - Occupational health and safety adviser - 2263 - Occupational hygienist - 2263 - Radiation protection expert – 2263Notes

3258 Ambulance workers

Ambulance workers provide emergency health care to patients who are injured, sick, infirm, or otherwise physically or mentally impaired prior to and during transport to medical facilities.

Tasks include -(a) Assessing health status of persons involved in accidents, natural disasters and other emergency

situations, and determining needs for immediate and specialized medical assistance; (b) Performing medical procedures and administering drugs and other therapies according to protocol

for emergency medical treatment, including resuscitating and defibrillating patients and operating life-support equipment;

(c) Monitoring changes in health status of patients during transport to and from medical, rehabilitation and other health care facilities;

(d) Providing information and training to community groups and essential service workers in first aid for initial care of an illness or injury;

(e) Attending and/or patrolling large-scale public gatherings and other events where health emergencies are more likely to occur;

(f) Recording information on patients’ conditions and treatments provided in medical records-keeping systems.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Ambulance officer - Ambulance paramedic - Emergency medical technician - Emergency paramedic

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Paramedical practitioner - 2240 - Ambulance driver – 8322Notes

Occupations included in this unit group normally require formal training in emergency medical treatment, patient transport, ambulance principles and practice, or a related field. Ambulance drivers who do not provide health care are classified in Unit group 8322 Car, taxi and van drivers.

3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers health associate professionals not classified elsewhere in Sub-major group 32, Health associate professionals. For instance the group includes occupations such as chiropractor, osteopath and other health associate professionals.

In such cases tasks would include:(a) Interviewing and examining patients to obtain information on their health status and the nature and

extent of injury, illness or other physical or mental health problem; (b) Administering therapeutic care and treatment to patients, including the manual and physical

chiropractic an osteopathic techniques;

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(c) Monitoring patients’ progress through treatment plans, and identifying signs and symptoms requiring referral to a medical doctor or other health professional;

(d) Recording information on patients’ health status and responses to treatment in medical records-keeping systems;

(e) Sharing information with other health care providers when required to ensure continuing and comprehensive care.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chiropractor - OsteopathNotes

33 Business and administration associate professionals

Business and administration associate professionals perform mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks, and enforcing or applying relevant government rules. Also included are workers who provide business services such as customs clearance, conference planning, job placements, buying and selling real estate or bulk commodities, and serving as agents for performers such as athletes and artists.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include Recording and transmitting buy and sell orders for securities, stocks, bonds or other financial instruments and for foreign exchange for future or immediate delivery; submitting credit and loan applications to management with recommendations for approval or rejection; approving or rejecting applications within authorized limits ensuring that credit standards of the institution are respected; maintaining complete records of all financial transactions of an undertaking according to general bookkeeping principles, with guidance from Accountants; assisting in planning and performing mathematical, statistical, actuarial, accounting and related calculations; selling and buying financial instruments.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 331 Financial and Mathematical associate professionals 332 Sales and purchasing agents and brokers 333 Business services agents 334 Administrative and specialized secretaries 335 Regulatory government associate professionalsNotes

331 Financial and mathematical associate professionals

Financial and mathematical associate professionals place a value on various items and property, maintain records of financial transactions, analyze loan application information and render a decision, buy and sell financial instruments, and perform mathematical and related calculations.Recording and transmitting buy and sell orders for securities, stocks, bonds or other financial instruments and for foreign exchange for future or immediate delivery; submitting credit and loan applications to management with recommendations for approval or rejection; or approve or reject applications within authorized limits ensuring that credit standards of the institution are respected; maintaining complete records of all financial transactions of an undertaking according to general bookkeeping principles, with guidance from Accountants; assisting in planning and performing mathematical, statistical, actuarial, accounting and related calculations.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3311 Securities and finance dealers and brokers 3312 Credit and loans officers 3313 Accounting associate professionals 3314 Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals 3315 Valuers and loss assessorsNotes


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3311 Securities and finance dealers and brokers

Securities and finance dealers and brokers buy and sell securities, stocks, bonds and other financial instruments, and deal on the foreign exchange, on spot, or on futures markets, on behalf of their own company or for customers on a commission basis. They recommend transactions to clients or senior management.

Tasks include -(a) Obtaining information about the financial circumstances of customers and companies in which

investments may be made;(b) Analyzing market trends for securities, bonds, stocks and other financial instruments, including

foreign exchange;(c) Informing prospective customers about market conditions and prospects;(d) Advising on and participating in the negotiation of terms for, and organization of, loans and placement

of stocks and bonds in the financial market to raise capital for customers;(e) Recording and transmitting buy and sell orders for securities, stocks, bonds or other financial

instruments and for foreign exchange for future or immediate delivery.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Foreign exchange broker - Securities broker - Stocks and shares broker - Foreign exchange dealer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bond analyst - 2413 - Commodities broker - 3324 - Commodity futures dealer - 3324 - Securities clerk – 4312Notes

3312 Credit and loans officers

Credit and loan officers analyze and evaluate financial information on applications for credit and loans and determine approval or disapproval of the client for the credit or loan or recommend to management approval or disapproval.

Tasks include: (a) Interviewing applicants for personal, mortgage, student and business loans;(b) Researching and evaluating loan applicant’s financial status, references, credit and ability to repay

the loan;(c) Submitting credit and loan applications to management with recommendations for approval or

rejection; (d) Approving or rejecting loan applications within authorised limits ensuring that credit standards of the

institution are respected;(e) Keeping records of payments, and preparing routine letters requesting payment for overdue accounts

and forwarding these for legal action;(f) Completing credit and loan documentation.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Loan officer - Mortgage officer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Financial institution branch manager – 1346Notes

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3313 Accounting associate professionals

Accounting associate professionals maintain complete records of financial transactions of an undertaking and verify accuracy of documents and records relating to such transactions.

Tasks include -(a) Maintaining complete records of all financial transactions of an undertaking according to general

bookkeeping principles, with guidance from Accountants;(b) Verifying accuracy of documents and records relating to payments, receipts and other financial

transactions;(c) Preparing financial statements and reports for specified periods;(d) Applying knowledge of bookkeeping principles and practices in order to identify and solve problems

arising in the course of their work;(e) Using standard computer software packages to perform accounting and related calculations;(f) Supervising the work of accounts and bookkeeping clerks.

Example of the occupations classified here: - Bookkeeper

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Accountant - 2411 - Actuarial assistant - 3314 - Bookkeeping clerk- 4311Notes

3314 Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals

Statistical, mathematical and actuarial associate professionals assist in planning the collection, processing and presentation of statistical, mathematical or actuarial data and in carrying out these operations, usually working under the guidance of statisticians, mathematicians and actuaries.

Tasks include -(a) Assisting in planning and performing statistical, mathematical, actuarial, and related calculations;(b) Preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for statistical

census and survey operations;(c) Performing technical tasks connected with establishing, maintaining and using registers and sampling

frames for census and survey operations;(d) Performing technical tasks connected with data collection and quality control operations in censuses

and surveys;(e) Using standard computer software packages to perform mathematical, actuarial statistical accounting

and related calculations;(f) Preparing statistical, mathematical, actuarial, accounting and other results for presentation in graphical

or tabular form;(g) Applying knowledge of statistical, mathematical, actuarial, accounting and related principles and

practices in order to identify and solve problems arising in the course of their work;(h) Supervising the work of statistical clerks.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Actuarial assistant - Mathematical assistant - Statistical assistant

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Actuary - 2120 - Mathematician - 2120 - Statistician - 2120 - Accounting assistant - 3313 - Statistical Clerk – 4312Notes


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3315 Valuers and loss assessors

Values and loss assessors value property and various goods and assess losses covered by insurance policies.

Tasks include -(a) Determining the quality or value of raw materials, real estate, industrial equipment, personal and

household effects, works of art, gems and other objects;(b) Assessing the extent of damage or loss and liabilities of insurance companies and underwriters for

losses covered by insurance policies;(c) Obtaining records of sales and value of similar items or property;(d) Inspecting items or property to evaluate condition, size, and construction;(e) Preparing reports of value, outlining the estimation factors and methods used.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Appraiser - Real estate appraiser - Claims assessor - Insurance assessor - Claims inspector - Valuer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Auctioneer – 3339Notes

332 Sales and purchasing agents and brokers

Sales and purchasing agents and brokers represent companies, governments and other organizations to buy and sell commodities, goods, insurance, shipping and other services to industrial, professional, commercial or other establishments, or act as independent agents to bring together buyers and sellers of commodities and services.

Tasks performed usually include Obtaining information about, monitoring and analyzing market trends and conditions and employer’s and competitors goods and services; obtaining information about clients’ needs and identifying suitable products and services; explaining and demonstrating products and services to clients; negotiating prices, contracts, terms, conditions and shipping arrangements for purchase or sale of goods, services or commodities.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3321 Insurance representatives 3322 Commercial sales representatives 3323 Buyers 3324 Trade brokersNotes

Sales managers are classified in minor group 122, Sales marketing and development managers. Technical, medical and ICT sales professionals are classified in Minor Group 243, Sales, and marketing and public relations professionals. Securities and finance dealers are classified in minor group 331, Financial and mathematical associate professionals.

3321 Insurance representatives

Insurance representatives advise on and sell life, accident, automobile, liability, endowment, fire, marine and other types of insurance to new and established clients.

Tasks include -(a) Obtaining information about customers’ circumstances necessary to determine appropriate type of

insurance and conditions;

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(b) Negotiating with customers to determine type and degree of risk for which insurance is required;(c) Explaining details of insurance and conditions, risk coverage premiums and benefits to customers;(d) Assisting clients to determine the type and level of coverage required, calculating premiums and

establishing method of payment;(e) Negotiating and placing reinsurance contracts;(f) Advising on, negotiating terms for and placing insurance contracts for large or special types of projects,

installations or risks.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Insurance agent - Insurance broker - Insurance underwriter

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Insurance agency manager - 1346 Insurance assessor- 3315 Securities dealer - 3311 Insurance clerk – 4312Notes

3322 Commercial sales representatives

Commercial sales representatives represent companies to sell various goods and services to businesses and other organizations and provide product specific information as required.

Tasks include -(a) Soliciting orders and selling goods to retail, industrial, wholesale and other establishments;(b) Selling equipment, supplies and related services to business establishments or individuals;(c) Obtaining and updating knowledge of market conditions and of employer’s and competitors’ goods

and services;(d) Providing prospective customers with information about the characteristics and functions of the

products and equipment for sale, and demonstrating its use or qualities;(e) Quoting prices and credit terms, recording orders and arranging deliveries;(f) Reporting customers’ reactions and requirements to suppliers and manufacturers;(g) Following up clients to ensure satisfaction with products purchased.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - After-sales service adviser - Canvasser - Commercial travelerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Sales manager - 1221 Medical sales representative - 2433 Technical sales representative - 2433 Information and communications technology sales professional - 2434 Shop sales assistant - 5223 Door to door sales representative – 5243Notes

3323 Buyers

Buyers buy goods and services for use or resale on behalf of industrial, commercial, government or other establishments and organizations.

Tasks include -(a) Determining or negotiating contract terms and conditions, awarding supplier contracts or

recommending contract awards for the purchase of equipment, raw materials products, services and the purchasing of merchandise for resale;

(b) Obtaining information about requirements and stock and developing specifications for quantity and quality to be purchased, costs, delivery dates and other contract conditions;


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(c) Purchasing general and specialized equipment, materials or business services for use or for further processing by their establishment;

(d) Inviting tenders, consulting with suppliers and reviewing quotations; (e) Purchasing merchandise for resale by retail or wholesale establishments;(f) Studying market reports, trade periodicals and sales promotion materials and visiting trade shows,

showrooms, factories and product design events; (g) Selecting the merchandise or products that best fit the establishment’s requirements; (h) Interviewing suppliers and negotiating prices, discounts, credit terms and transportation arrangements; (i) Overseeing distribution of merchandise to outlets and maintaining adequate stock levels; (j) Establishing delivery schedules, monitoring progress and contacting clients and suppliers to resolve

problems.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Buyer - Purchasing agent - Procurement officer - Supply officer - Purchasing merchandiser

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Commodities broker – 3324Notes

3324 Trade brokers

Trade brokers buy and sell commodities and shipping services, usually in bulk, on behalf of their own company or for customers on a commission basis.

Tasks include -(a) Establishing contact between buyers and sellers of commodities;(b) Discussing buying or selling requirements of clients and giving advice accordingly;(c) Buying and selling cargo space on ships; (d) Negotiating purchase or sale of commodities and commodity futures;(e) Finding cargo and/or storage space for commodities and negotiating freight, shipping and storage

charges;(f) Monitoring and analyzing market trends and other factors affecting the supply and demand for

commodities and shipping services.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Commodities broker - Commodity futures dealer - Shipping broker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Finance broker - 3311 Finance dealer - 3311 Securities broker - 3311 Securities dealer - 3311 Insurance dealer – 3321Notes

333 Business services agents

Business service agents establish contacts to sell various business services such as advertising space in the media, carry out customs clearance activities ensuring that necessary documents are in order, match jobseekers with vacancies, find workers for employers, arrange contracts for the performance of athletes, entertainers and artists, as well as for the publication of books, the production of plays, or the recording, performing and sale of music, plan and organize conferences and similar events.

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Tasks performed usually include -Carrying out customs clearing procedures for exports or imports; arranging and coordinating conference and event services, such as conference facilities, catering, signage, displays, audiovisual and computer equipment, accommodation, transport and social events, for participants; matching jobseekers with vacancies; finding workers for vacant posts for employers; showing real estate properties to be sold or leased to prospective buyers or tenants and explaining terms of sale or conditions of rent or lease; selling by auction various kinds of property, cars, commodities, livestock, art, jewellery and other objects; arranging contracts for performers and performances.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3331 Clearing and forwarding agents 3332 Conference and event planners 3333 Employment agents and contractors 3334 Real estate agents and property managers 3339 Business services agents not elsewhere classifiedNotes

3331 Clearing and forwarding agents

Clearing and forwarding agents carry out customs clearing procedures and ensure that insurance, export/import licences and other formalities are in order.

Tasks include -(a) Carrying out customs clearing procedures for exports or imports;(b) Ensuring that insurance is in order;(c) Ensuring that export/import licences and other formalities are in order;(d) Signing and issuing bills of lading;(e) Checking import/export documentation to determine cargo contents, and classifying goods into

different fee or tariff groups, using a tariff coding system.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clearing agent - Forwarding agent - Shipping agentNotes

3332 Conference and event planners

Conference and event planners organize and coordinate services for conferences, events, functions, banquets and seminars.

Tasks include -(a) Promoting conferences, conventions and trade shows to potential customers; (b) Responding to inquiries concerning services provided and costs for room and equipment hire,

catering and related services; (c) Meeting with clients to discuss their needs and outlining package options to meet these needs; (d) Arranging and coordinating services, such as, conference facilities, catering, signage, displays,

audiovisual and computer equipment, accommodation, transport and social events, for participants, logistical arrangements for presenters;

(e) Organizing registration of participants; (f) Negotiating the type and costs of services to be provided within budget;(g) Overseeing work by contractors and reporting on variations to work orders.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Conference and event organizer - Conference planner - Wedding plannerNotes


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3333 Employment agents and contractors

Employment agents and contractors match jobseekers with vacancies, find workers for employers and contract labour for particular projects at the request of enterprises and other organizations including government, institutions, or find places for jobseekers for a commission.

Tasks include -(a) Matching jobseekers with vacancies;(b) Finding workers for vacant posts against a commission from the employer or worker;(c) Discussing with enterprises/organizations the needed skills and other characteristics of the workers to

be employed or contracted;(d) Finding workers with appropriate skills, etc., and undertaking the necessary formalities according to

national or international regulations and requirements;(e) Ensuring that the employment contracts meet legal requirements and signing them;(f) Advising on training schemes.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Employment agent - Labour contractor - Job placement officer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Literacy agent- 3339 - Musical performance agent - 3339 - Sports agent - 3339 - Theatrical agent – 3339Notes

3334 Real estate agents and property managers

Real estate agents and property managers arrange the sale, purchase, rental and lease of real property, usually on behalf of clients and on a commission basis.

Tasks include -(a) Obtaining information about properties to be sold or leased, the circumstances of their owner and the

needs of prospective buyers or tenants;(b) Showing properties to be sold or leased to prospective buyers or tenants and explaining terms of sale

or conditions of rent or lease;(c) Facilitating negotiations with tenants and owners on rents and fees;(e) Drawing up leasing and sale agreements and estimating costs;(f) Arranging signing of lease agreements and transfer of property rights;(g) collecting rent and bond monies on behalf of owner and inspecting properties before, during and

after tenancies;(h) Ensuring the availability of workers to perform maintenance of the properties.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Estate agent - Property Manager - Realtor - Salesperson (real estate)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Mortgage clerk – 4312Notes

3339 Business services agents not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers business services agents not classified elsewhere in Minor group 333, Business services agents. For instance, the group includes those who establish business contacts, sell business services such as advertising space in the media, arrange contracts for performances of athletes, entertainers and artists, for

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the publication of books, the production of plays, or the recording, performance and sale of music and who sell property and goods by auction.In such cases tasks would include -(a) Obtaining information about services to be sold and needs of prospective buyers;(b) Negotiating contracts on behalf of seller or buyer and explaining terms of sale and payment to client;(c) Signing agreements on behalf of seller or buyer and ensuring that contract is honoured;(d) Making sure that the business service purchased is made available to the buyer in the agreed format

at the agreed time;(e) Selling by auction various kinds of property, cars, commodities, livestock, art, jewellery and other

objects.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Auctioneer - Advertising salesperson - Literary agent - Musical performance agent - Sports agent - Theatrical agentNotes

334 Administrative and specialized secretaries

Administrative and specialized secretaries provide organizational, communication and documentation support services, utilizing specialized knowledge of the business activity of the organization in which they are employed. They take supervisory responsibility for office clerks in the organization.

Tasks performed usually include: Coordinating, assigning and reviewing the work of clerical support workers; desktop publishing; preparing and processing legal documents and papers, such as deeds, wills, affidavits and briefs; implementing and supporting the communication, documentation and internal managerial co-ordination activities of an organizational unit, on some occasions utilizing specialized knowledge of the business activity of the organization; scheduling and confirming meetings and appointments and communicating messages for clients; compiling, recording and reviewing legal and medical records, reports, documents and correspondence.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3341 Office supervisors 3342 Legal secretaries 3343 Administrative and executive secretaries 3344 Medical secretariesNotes

3341 Office supervisors

Office supervisors supervise and co-ordinate the activities of workers in major group 4, Clerical support workers.

Tasks include - (a) Coordinating, assigning and reviewing the work of clerks engaged in the following duties: word

processing, record keeping and filing, operating telephones and switchboards; data entry, desktop publishing and other activities involving general office and administrative skills;

(b) Establishing work schedules and procedures and co-coordinating activities with other work units or departments;

(c) Resolving work-related problems and preparing and submitting progress and other reports; (d) Training and instructing employees in job duties, safety procedures and company policies, or

arranging for training to be provided; (e) Evaluating employees’ job performance and conformance to regulations, and recommending

appropriate personnel action; (f) Assisting in recruitment, interviewing, and selection of employees.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clerical supervisor - Data entry supervisor - Filing clerks supervisor - Personnel clerks’ supervisor

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Medical records unit supervisor - 3252Notes

3342 Legal secretaries

Legal secretaries apply specialized knowledge of legal terminology and procedures in providing support to legal professionals with communication, documentation and internal managerial co-ordination activities, in law offices, legal departments of large firms and governments.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing and processing legal documents and papers, such as deeds, will, affidavits and briefs;(b) Reviewing and proofreading documents and correspondence to ensure compliance with legal

procedures;(c) Mailing, faxing, or arranging for delivery of legal correspondence to clients, witnesses, and court

officials;(d) Organizing and maintaining documents, case files and law libraries;(e) Screening requests for meetings, scheduling and organizing meetings;(f) Assisting in the preparation of budgets, monitoring of expenditures, drafting of contracts and

purchasing or acquisition orders;(g) Supervising the work of office support workers.

Examples of the occupations here: - Legal secretary - Legal practice managerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Legal assistant – 3411Notes

3343 Administrative and executive secretaries

Administrative and executive secretaries perform liaison, coordination and organizational tasks in support of managers and professionals and/or prepare correspondence, reports and records of proceedings and other specialized documentation.

Tasks include -(a) Drafting administrative correspondence and minutes;(b) Obtaining, proposing and monitoring deadlines and follow-up dates;(c) Screening requests for meetings, scheduling and organizing meetings and travel arrangements;(d) Assisting in the preparation of budgets, monitoring of expenditures, drafting of contracts and

purchasing or acquisition orders;(e) Liaising with other staff about a range of matters relating to the organization’s operations;(f) Writing and answering business or technical letters and other similar correspondence;(g) Preparing verbatim reports of proceedings in legislative assemblies, courts of law or other places using

shorthand or specialized office equipment.(h) Supervising the work of clerical support workers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Administrative secretary - Correspondence assistant - Personal assistant - Court reporter - Executive assistant

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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Secretary (general) - 4120 Medical transcriptionist – 3344Notes

3344 Medical secretaries

Medical secretaries, using specialized knowledge of medical terminology and health care delivery procedures, assist health professionals and other workers by performing a variety of communication, documentation, administrative and internal coordination functions, to support health workers in medical facilities and other health-care related organizations.

Tasks include -(a) Scheduling and confirming medical appointments and communicating messages for medical staff; and

patients;(b) Compiling, recording and reviewing medical charts, reports, documents and correspondence;(c) Interviewing patients to complete forms, documents and case histories;(d) Completing insurance and other claims forms;(e) Maintaining medical files and records and technical library;(f) Preparing financial statements and billing procedures;(g) Assisting in the preparation of budgets, drafting of contracts and purchasing or acquisition orders;(h) Supervising the work of office support workers and other office staff.

Example of the occupations classified here: - Medical secretary - Medical practice manager - Medical office administrative assistant - Hospital ward secretary - Patient care secretary - Medical stenographer - Medical insurance - Billing secretary - Pathology secretary - Medical transcriptionist - Medical stenographer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Medical records technician - 3252 Medical assistant - 3256 Medical office receptionist - 4226 Secretary (general) – 4120Notes

335 Regulatory government associate professionals

Regulatory government associate professionals administer, enforce or apply relevant government rules and regulations relating to national borders, taxes, social benefits, and issue or examine applications for licences or authorizations in connection with travel, exports and imports of goods, establishment of businesses, erection of buildings and other activities subject to government regulations.

Tasks performed usually include: Patrolling national borders and checking persons and vehicles, travel and transport documents and goods transported across the border to ensure enforcement of government rules and regulations; examining tax returns to determine taxes payable by persons and businesses; examining and deciding on applications for social benefits, examining and deciding on applications for government authorizations and licences necessary to travel, export or import goods, erect buildings, establish businesses or undertake other activities subject to government regulations; monitoring the application of price, wage or weights and measures regulations. They may receive guidance from senior government officials or Managers. Supervision of other workers may be included.


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Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3351 Customs and border inspectors 3352 Government tax and excise officials 3353 Government social benefits officials 3354 Government licensing officials 3355 Police inspectors and detectives 3359 Regulatory government associate professionals not elsewhere classifiedNotes

3351 Customs and border inspectors

Customs and border inspectors check persons and vehicles crossing national borders to administer and enforce relevant government rules and regulations.

Tasks include -(a) Patrolling national borders and coastal waters to stop persons from illegally entering or leaving the

country and from illegally importing or exporting currency or goods;(b) Checking travel documents of persons crossing national borders to ensure that they have the necessary

authorizations and certificates;(c) Inspecting the luggage of persons crossing national borders to ensure that it conforms to government

rules and regulations concerning import or export of goods and currencies;(d) Examining transport documents and freight of vehicles crossing national borders to ensure conformity

with government rules and regulations concerning goods in transit and the import and export of goods, and to verify that necessary payments have been made;

(e) Detaining persons and seizing prohibited and undeclared goods found to be in violation of immigration and customs laws;

(f) Coordinating and co-operating with other agencies involved in law enforcement, deportation and prosecution;

(g) Performing related administrative tasks to record findings, transactions, violations and determinations;(h) When necessary, testifying in a court of law about the circumstances and results of investigations

carried out.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Border inspector - Customs inspector - Passport checking officer - Immigration officer - Customs officerNotes

3352 Government tax and excise officials

Government tax and excise officials examine tax returns, bills of sale and other documents to determine the type and amount of taxes, duties and other types of fees to be paid by individuals or businesses, referring exceptional or important cases to accountants, senior government officials or Managers.

Tasks include -(a) Advising organizations, enterprises and the public on government laws, rules and regulations

concerning the determination and payment of taxes, duties and other government fees, and on the public’s rights and obligations;

(b) Examining tax returns, bills of sale and other relevant documents to determine type and amount of taxes, duties and other types of fees to be paid;

(c) Investigating filed tax returns and accounting records, systems and internal controls of organizations to ensure compliance with taxation laws and regulations;

(d) Performing related administrative tasks to document findings maintain records and report on actions taken for cases;

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Excise officer - Tax officer - Taxation inspector

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Accountant – 2411 - Auditor – 2411Notes

3353 Government social benefits officials

Government social benefits officials examine applications for government, financial or service programs to determine eligibility and amount of benefit or appropriate services, referring exceptional or important cases to senior government officials or managers.

Tasks include -(a) Advising individuals and organizations on government laws, rules and regulations concerning

government benefit programs and the determination and disbursement of payments or referral to services, as well as on the public’s rights and obligations;

(b) Examining applications and other relevant documents to determine type and amount of benefit which individuals are eligible to receive;

(c) Assessing documentation and interviewing benefit recipients to ensure eligibility for continuing benefits or services;

(d) Performing related administrative tasks to maintain client records and prepare reports on determinations regarding eligibility, referral decisions, termination of benefits and abuse or fraud;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Pensions officer - Social benefits officer - Social security claims officerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Social workers - 2635 - Counselling professionals – 2635Notes

3354 Government licensing officials

Government licensing officials examine applications for licences to export or import goods, set up businesses, build houses or other structures, or to obtain passports, determine eligibility of applications for issuing licences or passports, and identify specific conditions or restrictions to be attached to licences issued, referring exceptional or important cases to Senior government officials or Managers.

Tasks include -(a) Advising individuals on government laws and regulations concerning the type of licence required and

the conditions attached to such licences, and on the public’s rights and obligations;(b) Examining applications and relevant documents and determining whether a licence can be granted

and the conditions which should be attached;(c) Examining applications and approving the issue of passports;(d) Performing related administrative tasks to process applications, document activities, evaluations and

determinations, and to prepare correspondence to inform applicants of licensing decisions;(e) Administering and scoring tests required to license applicants.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Licensing officer - Passport officer (issuing) - Building permits (licensing) officer - Business permits (licensing) officer


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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Building inspectors - 3112 - Fire inspectors – 3112Notes

3355 Police inspectors and detectives

Police inspectors and detectives investigate facts and circumstances relating to crimes committed in order to identify suspected offenders and obtain information not readily available or apparent concerning establishments or the circumstances and behaviour of persons, mostly in order to prevent crimes.

Tasks include -(a) Establishing contacts and sources of information about crimes planned or committed, in order to

prevent crimes or identify suspected offenders;(b) Obtaining and verifying evidence by examining crime and accident scenes for clues and physical

evidence, interviewing witnesses and suspects and analyzing documents and computer files;(c) Analyzing evidence in order to solve crimes, identify criminal activity and gather information for

court cases;(d) Establishing contacts and sources of information not readily available or apparent concerning

establishments or the circumstances and behaviour of persons, usually with the aim of preventing a crime;

(e) Making arrests;(f) Testifying in courts of law or reporting to superiors about circumstances and results of investigations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Police inquiry agent - Police detective - Police inspectorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Police inspector-general - 1112 - Police commissioner - 1112 - Police superintendent - 1349 - Private detective - 3411 - Police officer – 5412Notes

3359 Government regulatory associate professionals not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers government regulatory associate professionals not classified elsewhere in Major group 3, Technicians and associate professionals. For instance the group includes agricultural, fisheries, forestry, prices, wages and weights and measures inspectors.

In such cases tasks would include -(a) Examining places of business to ensure the use of correct weights and measures in trade;(b) Monitoring price regulations to assess appropriateness of costs for goods and services to protect

consumer interests;(c) Monitoring wage regulations to ensure appropriate levels of pay for work performed and to assess

compliance with employment standards legislation;(d) Performing related investigative and administrative tasks to record findings, document compliance

problems or inappropriate business practices and to prepare reports and correspondence.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Agricultural inspector - Fisheries inspector - Forestry inspector - Prices inspector - Wage inspector - Weights and measures inspector

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Fire inspector-3112 - Health Inspector - 3257 - Occupational safety inspector- 3257 - Pollution inspector - 3257 - Sanitary inspector – 3257Notes

34 Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals

Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals perform technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to legal services, social work, culture, food preparation, sport and religion.

Tasks performed in this sub-major group usually include: Providing technical and practical services and support functions in legal processes and investigations, social and community assistance programs, and religious and cultural activities; participating and adjudicating in sporting events; developing and delivering sports coaching, fitness and recreational programmes; combining creative and technical skills in a variety of artistic, cultural and culinary activities; creating dishes and menus and overseeing the preparation of meals.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 341 Legal, social and religious associate professionals 342 Sports and fitness workers 343 Artistic, cultural and culinary associate professionalsNotes

341 Legal, social and religious associate professionals

Legal, social and religious associate professionals provide technical and practical services and support functions in legal processes and investigations, social and community assistance programs and religious activities.

Tasks performed usually include:Assisting and supporting legal, social work and religious professionals; obtaining and analyzing evidence, preparing legal documents and serving court orders; ; administering and implementing social assistance programs and community services; assisting clients to deal with personal and social problems; providing practical assitance, guidance and moral support to individuals and communities.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3411 Legal and related associate professionals 3412 Social work associate professionals 3413 Religious associate professionalsNotes

3411 Legal and related associate professionals

Legal and related associate professionals perform support functions in courts of law or in law offices, provide services related to such legal matters as insurance contracts, the transferring of property and the granting of loans and other financial transactions or conduct investigations for clients.


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Tasks include -(a) Documenting court proceedings and judgments;(b) Serving statements of claims, summonses, warrants, subpoenas and other court orders;(c) Maintaining order in court and hearing rooms;(d) Preparing legal documents including trial briefs, pleadings, appeals, wills and contracts and preparing,

papers summarizing legal positions, or setting out conditions of loans or insurance;(e) Investigating facts, assembling evidence and researching relevant statutes, decisions and other legal

documents to prepare cases; (f) Advising clients on legal matters;(g) Examining documentation such as mortgages, liens, judgments, easements, contracts and maps in

order to verify properties’ legal descriptions and ownership;(h) Preparing documents relating to transfer of real estate, stocks or other matters requiring formal

registration;(e) Investigating possible cases of theft of goods, money or information from business establishments and

of other possible cases of unlawful behavior by customers or employees; (f) Investigating establishments or the circumstances and behavior of persons on behalf of clients.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bailiff - Judge’s clerk - Conveyancing clerk - Court clerk - Justice of the peace - Law clerk - Legal assistant - Paralegal - Private detective - Title searcher

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Lawyer - 2611 - Judge - 2612 - Notary - 2619 - Legal secretary – 3342Notes

3412 Social work associate professionals

Social work associate professionals administer and implement social assistance programs and community services and assist clients to deal with personal and social problems.

Tasks include -(a) Collecting information relevant to clients’ needs and assessing their relevant skills, strengths and

deficits;(b) Helping persons with disabilities or the elderly to obtain services and to improve their ability to

function in society;(c) Assisting clients to identify options and develop plans of action while providing necessary support and

assistance;(d) Assisting clients to identify and access community resources including legal, medical and financial

assistance, housing, employment, transportation, assistance with moves, day care and other referral services;

(e) Counseling clients living in group homes and half-way houses, supervising their activities and assisting in pre-release and release planning;

(f) Participating in the selection and admission of clients to appropriate programs; (g) Providing crisis intervention and emergency shelter services;(h) Implementing life skills workshops, substance abuse treatment programs, behavior management

programs, youth services programs and other community and social service programs under the supervision of social work or health care professionals;

(i) Assisting in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and programs by monitoring and reporting on clients’ progress;

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(j) Maintaining contact with other social service agencies, schools and health care providers involved with clients to provide information and obtain feedback on clients’ overall situation and progress.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Community development worker - Community service worker - Crisis intervention worker - Disability services officer - Family service worker - Life skills instructor - Mental health worker - Welfare support worker - Women’s shelter supervisor - Youth worker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Marriage counselor - 2635 - Parole officer - 2635 - Probation officer - 2635 - Social worker – 2635Notes

3413 Religious associate professionals

Religious associate professionals provide support to ministers of religion or to a religious community, undertake religious works, preach and propagate the teachings of a particular religion and Endeavour to improve well-being thought the power of faith and spiritual advice.

Tasks include -(a) Undertaking religious works;(b) Preaching and propagating the teachings of a particular religious faith;(c) Assisting at services of public worship and religious rites;(d) Providing religious education, spiritual guidance and moral support to individuals and communities; (e) Administering and participating in programs to provide food, clothing and shelter to those in need;(f) Advising communities and individuals on proper behavior and faith to preserve or improve well-

being.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Faith healer - Lay preacher - Monk - NunSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bonze - 2636 - Imam - 2636 - Minister of religion - 2636 - Poojari - 2636 - Priest - 2636 - Rabbi - 2636 - Herbalist - 3230 - Village healer - 3230 - Witch doctor- 3230Notes

342 Sports and fitness workers

Sports and fitness workers prepare for and compete in sporting events for financial gain, train amateur and professional sportsmen and women to enhance performance, promote participation and standards in sport,


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organize and officiate sporting events, and provide instruction, training and supervision for various forms of exercise and other recreational activities.

Tasks performed usually include: Participating in competitive sporting events; conducting sports training to develop ability in and knowledge of the sport; compiling rules concerning the conduct of sporting competitions, and controlling the progress of these events; planning, organizing and conducting practice sessions; developing and designing fitness programmes; delivering group exercise classes and personal tuition in a variety of fitness activities; promoting sports and sports skills development, and overseeing the participation of young people in sport.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3421 Athletes and sports players 3422 Sports coaches, instructors and officials 3423 Fitness and recreation instructors and program leadersNotes

3421 Athletes and sports players

Athletes and sport players participate in competitive sporting events. They train and compete, either individually or as part of a team, in their chosen sport.

Tasks include -(a) Participating in competitive sporting events;(b) Participating in regular practice and training sessions and undertaking private training to maintain the

required standard of fitness and skill;(c) Undertaking sports promotional activities and media interviews;(d) Maintaining a high degree of expertise in a particular sport;(e) Deciding on strategies in consultation with coaches;(f) Assessing other competitors and conditions at venues; (g) Competing in sporting events;(h) Adhering to the rules and regulations associated with a specific sport.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Athlete - Boxer - Chess player - Footballer - Golfer - Hockey player - Jockey - Poker player - Race driver - Skier - Tennis player - WrestlerNotes

3422 Sports coaches, instructors and officials

Sports coaches, instructors and officials work with amateur and professional sportspersons to enhance performance, encourage greater participation in sport, and organize and officiate in sporting events according to established rules.

Tasks include -(a) Identifying strengths and weaknesses of athletes or teams;(b) Planning, developing and implementing training and practice sessions;(c) Developing, planning and coordinating competitive schedules and programs;(d) Motivating and preparing athletes or teams for competitive events or games;(e) Formulating competitive strategy, developing game plans and directing athletes and players during

games or athletic events;

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(f) Analyzing and evaluating athletes’ or teams’ performances and modifying training programs;(g) Monitoring and analyzing technique and performance, and determining how future improvements

can be made;(h) Officiating at sporting events or athletic competitions to maintain standards of play and to ensure that

game rules and safety regulations are observed;(i) Recording lapsed time and keeping scores during events or competitions;(j) Judging the performance of competitors, awarding points, imposing penalties for infractions and

determining results;(k) Compiling scores and other athletic records.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Sports coach - Referee - Ski instructor - Sports official - Swimming instructor

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Fitness instructor - 3423 Horse riding instructor – 3423Notes

3423 Fitness and recreation instructors and program leaders

Fitness and recreation instructors and program leaders lead, guide and instruct groups and individuals in recreational, fitness or outdoor adventure activities.

Tasks include -(a) Planning and carrying out recreational and fitness activities;(b) Monitoring recreational, sports or fitness activities to ensure safety and provide emergency or first aid

assistance when required;(c) Evaluating and monitoring clients’ abilities and fitness and recommending activities;(d) Demonstrating and teaching body movements, concepts and skills used in fitness routines and

recreational activities;(e) Instructing in the use of equipment;(f) Explaining and enforcing safety procedures, rules and regulations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aerobics instructor - Fitness instructor - Horse riding instructor - Outdoor adventure guide - Personal trainer - Sailing instructor - Underwater diving instructor

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ski instructor - 3422 - Swimming instructor – 3422Notes

343 Artistic, cultural and culinary associate professionals

Artistic cultural and culinary associate professionals combine creative skills and technical and cultural knowledge in taking and processing still photographs; design and decoration of theatre sets, shop displays and the interiors of homes; preparation of objects for display; maintenance of library and gallery collections, records and cataloguing systems; creation of menus and preparation and presentation of food; provision of support for stage, film and television production; and in other areas of artistic and cultural Endeavour.


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Tasks performed usually include:Operating still cameras to photograph people, events, scenes, materials, products and other subjects; applying artistic techniques to product design, interior decoration and sales promotion; mounting and preparing objects for display; designing and arranging exhibit furnishings, display cases and display areas; designing menus and overseeing the preparation of food; assisting directors and performers with the staging of theatrical, motion picture, television or commercial productions

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3431 Photographers 3432 Interior designers and decorators 3433 Gallery, museum and library technicians 3434 Chefs 3435 Other artistic and cultural associate professionalsNotes

3431 Photographers

Photographers operate still cameras to photograph people, events, scenes, materials, products and other subjects.

Tasks include -(a) Taking photographs for advertising or other commercial, industrial or scientific purposes and to

illustrate stories and articles in newspapers, magazines and other publications;(b) Taking portrait photographs of persons and groups of persons;(c) Studying requirements of a particular assignment and decide on type of camera, film, lighting and

background accessories to be used;(d) Determining picture composition, making technical adjustments to equipment and photograph

subject;(e) Operating scanners to transfer photographic images to computers;(f) Operating computers to manipulate photographic images;(g) Adapting existing photographic images to create new digitized images to be included in multimedia

products;(h) Using airbrush, computer or other techniques to create the desired visual effect.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aerial photographer - Commercial photographer - Industrial photographer - Photo - journalist - Photographers - Portrait photographer - Scientific photographer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Film camera operator - 3521 - Video camera operator - 3521 - Electronics mechanic - 7421 - Photographic equipment repairer- 7311 - Photogravure photographer- 7321 - Photo lithographer – 7321Notes

3432 Interior designers and decorators

Interior designers and decorators plan and design commercial, industrial, public, retail and residential building interiors to produce an environment tailored to a purpose, taking into consideration factors that enhance living and working environments and sales promotion. They coordinate and participate in their construction and decoration.

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stakeholders;(b) Researching and analysing spatial, functional, efficiency, safety and aesthetic requirements;(c) Formulating design concepts for the interiors of buildings;(d) Preparing sketches, diagrams, illustrations and plans to communicate design concepts;(e) Negotiating design solutions with clients, management, suppliers and construction staff;(f) Selecting, specifying and recommending functional and aesthetic materials, furniture and products for

interiors;(g) Detailing and documenting selected design for construction;(h) Coordinating the construction and the decoration of interiors;(i) Designing and painting stage scenery;(j) Designing and decorating show windows and other display areas to promote products and services.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Display decorator - Interior decorator - Set designer - Window dresser - Visual merchandiser

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Interior architect – 2161Notes

3433 Gallery, museum and library technicians

Gallery, museum and library technicians prepare artworks, specimens and artefacts for collections, arrange and construct gallery exhibits, and assist Librarians to organize and operate systems for handling recorded material and files.

Tasks include -(a) Mounting and preparing objects for display;(b) Designing and arranging exhibit furnishings, display cases and display areas;(c) assisting in setting up lighting and display equipment;(d) Receiving, shipping, packing and unpacking exhibits;(e) Ordering new library materials and maintaining library records and circulation systems;(f) Cataloguing printed and recorded material;(g) Entering data into databases and editing computer records;(h) Operating audiovisual and reprographic equipment;(i) Searching and verifying bibliographic data.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Gallery technician - Library technician - Museum technician - TaxidermistNotes

3434 Chefs

Chefs design menus, create dishes and oversee the planning, organization preparation and cooking of meals in hotels, restaurants and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in private households.


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Tasks include -(a) Planning and developing recipes and menus, estimating food and labour costs, and ordering food

supplies;(b) Monitoring quality of dishes at all stages of preparation and presentation;(c) Discussing food preparation issues with managers, dieticians, kitchen and waiting staff; (d) Supervising and coordinating the activities of cooks and other workers engaged in food preparation;(e) Inspecting supplies, equipment, and work areas to ensure conformance to established standards;(f) Determining how food should be presented, and creating decorative food displays. (g) Instructing cooks and other workers in the preparation, cooking, garnishing, and presentation of food;(h) Participating on the recruitment of kitchen staff and monitoring their performance;(i) Preparing, seasoning and cooking specialty foods and complex dishes;(j) Explaining and enforcing hygiene and food safety regulations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chef - Executive chef - Head chef - Pastry chef - Saucier - Sous-chef

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cook - 5120 - Fast food preparer – 9411Notes

3435 Artistic and cultural associate professionals not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers artistic and cultural associate professionals not classified elsewhere in Minor Group 344, Artistic, cultural and culinary associate professionals. For instance those who assist directors or actors with staging of theatrical, motion picture, television or commercial productions are classified here.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Body artist - Floor manager (broadcasting) - Lighting technician - Program coordinator (broadcasting) - Prompter - Property master (broadcasting) - Script-girl/boy - Special effects technician - Stage manager - Stage technician - Stunt coordinator - Stunt artist - Tattooist - Theatre technician - Theatrical dresser - Walker-onNotes

35 Information and communications technicians

Information and communications technicians provide support for the day-to-day running of computer systems, communications systems and networks and perform technical tasks related to telecommunications, broadcast of image and sound as well as other types of telecommunications signals on land, sea or in aircraft.

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Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Providing assistance to information and communications systems users ; installing new programs and equipment; establishing, operating and maintaining network and other data communications systems; installing, monitoring and supporting Internet and Intranet websites or web server hardware or software; modifying web pages; and performing web server backup and recovery operations; controlling equipment to record sound, edit and mix image and sound recordings; controlling and maintaining transmitting and broadcast systems and satellite systems for radio and television programmes; controlling and maintaining radio communications systems, satellite services, and multiplex systems on land, sea or in aircraft; providing technical assistance connected with research and the development of computer systems and telecommunications equipment, or testing prototypes; designing and preparing blueprints of circuitry according to the specifications given; providing technical supervision of the manufacture, utilization, maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 351 Information and communications technology operations and user support technicians 352 Telecommunications and broadcasting techniciansNotes

351 Information and communications technology operations and user support techniciansInformation technology operations and user support technicians provide support for the day-to-day running of communications systems, computer systems and networks and provide technical assistance to usersTasks performed usually include: operating and controlling peripheral and related computer equipment; monitoring systems for equipment failure or errors in performance; loading peripheral equipment, such as printers, with selected materials for operating runs, or oversee loading of peripheral equipment by peripheral equipment operators; answering user inquiries regarding software or hardware operation to resolve problems; installing and performing minor repairs to hardware, software, or peripheral equipment, following design or installation specifications; overseeing the daily performance of systems; setting up equipment for employee use, performing or ensuring proper installation of cables, operating systems, or appropriate software; establishing, operating and maintaining network and other data communications systems; installing, monitoring and supporting the reliability and usability of Internet and Intranet websites or web server hardware or software; modifying web pages; and performing web server backup and recovery operations.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups:3511 Information and communications technology operations technicians3512 Information and communications technology user support technicians3513 Computer network and systems technicians3514 Web techniciansNotes

3511 Information and communications technology operations techniciansInformation and communications technology operations technicians support the day-to-day processing, operation and monitoring of information and communications technology systems, peripherals, hardware, software and related computer equipment to ensure optimal performance, and identify any problems.

Tasks include - (a) Operating and controlling peripheral and related computer equipment;(b) Entering commands, using computer terminal, and activating controls on computer and peripheral

equipment to integrate and operate equipment; (c) Monitoring systems for equipment failure or errors in performance;(d) Notifying supervisor or maintenance technician of equipment malfunctions;(e) Responding to program error messages by finding and correcting problems, escalating the problem

to other staff or terminating the program;(f) Reading job set-up instructions to determine equipment to be used, order of use, material such as

disks and paper to be loaded, and control settings;(g) Retrieving, separating and sorting program output as needed, and sending data to specified users;(h) Loading peripheral equipment, such as printers, with selected materials for operating runs, or oversee

loading of peripheral equipment by peripheral equipment operators.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: -Computer operator -High-speed computer printer operator - Computer peripheral equipment operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Computer network technician – 3513Notes

3512 Information and communications technology user support techniciansInformation and communications technology user support technicians provide technical assistance to users, either directly or by telephone, e-mail or other electronic means, including diagnosing and resolving issues and problems with software, hardware, computer peripheral equipment, networks, databases and the Internet, and providing guidance and support in the deployment, installation and maintenance of systems.

Tasks include –(a) Answering user inquiries regarding software or hardware operation to resolve problems;(b) Entering commands and observing system functioning to verify correct operations and detect errors; (c) Installing and performing minor repairs to hardware, software, or peripheral equipment, following

design or installation specifications;(d) Overseeing the daily performance of communications and computer systems;(e) Setting up equipment for employee use, performing or ensuring proper installation of cables, operating

systems, or appropriate software; (f) Maintaining records of daily data communication transactions, problems and remedial actions taken,

or installation activities.(g) Emulating or reproducing technical problems encountered by users;(h) Consulting user guides, technical manuals and other documents to research and implement solutions.

Examples of the occupations classified here:- Communications assistant (ICT)- Computer database assistant- Computer engineering assistant-Computer programming assistant- Computer systems analysis assistant- Computer help desk operator

Notes

3513 Computer network and systems techniciansComputer network and systems technicians establish, operate and maintain network and other data communications systems.

Tasks include –(a) Operating, maintaining and troubleshooting network systems;(b) Operating and maintaining data communications systems other than networks;(c) Assisting users with network and data communications problems;(c) Identifying areas needing upgraded equipment and software;(e) Installing computer hardware, network software, operating system software and applications software;(f) Performing start up and close down as well as backup and disaster recovery operations for computer

networks.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Computer network technician - Network support technician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Network administrator - 2522 - Network analyst - 2511 - Computer operator - 3511 - Web technician – 3514Notes

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3514 Web techniciansWeb technicians maintain, monitor and support the optimal functioning of Internet and Intranet websites and web server hardware and software.

Tasks include -(a) Installing, monitoring and supporting the reliability and usability of Internet and Intranet websites or

web server hardware or software;(b) Developing and maintaining documentation, policies and instructions, recording operational

procedures and system logs;(c) Developing, coordinating, implementing and monitoring security measures;(d) Analyzing and making recommendations to enhance performance, including upgrading and acquiring

new systems;(e) Liaising with, and providing guidance to, clients and users;(f) Modifying web pages;(g) Performing web server backup and recovery operations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Website administrator - Website technician - Webmaster

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Computer systems administrator- 2522 - Network administrator - 2522 - Systems administrator - 2522 - Systems analyst - 2511

Computer software designer- 2512 - Computer games designer- 2166 - Website designer - 2166 - Website developer – 2513Notes

352 Telecommunications and broadcasting techniciansTelecommunications and broadcasting technicians control technical functioning of equipment to record and edit images and sound and for transmitting radio and television broadcasts of images and sounds, as well as other types of telecommunication signals on land, sea or in aircraft, perform technical tasks connected with telecommunications engineering research and with the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems.

Tasks performed usually include: Controlling equipment to record sound, edit and mix image and sound recordings; controlling and maintaining transmitting and broadcast systems and satellite systems for radio and television programmes; controlling and maintaining radio communications systems, satellite services, and multiplex systems on land, sea or in aircraft; providing technical assistance connected with research and the development of telecommunications equipment, or testing prototypes; designing and preparing blueprints of circuitry according to the specifications given; providing technical supervision of the manufacture, utilization, maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians 3522 Telecommunications engineering techniciansNotes

3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual techniciansBroadcasting and audio-visual technicians control technical functioning of equipment to record and edit images and sound and for transmitting radio and television broadcasts of images and sounds, as well as other types of telecommunication signals on land, sea or in aircraft.


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Tasks include -(a) Controlling equipment to record sound;(b) Controlling equipment to edit and mix image and sound recordings to ensure satisfactory quality and

to create special image and sound effects;(c) Applying knowledge of principles and practices of image and sound recording and editing in order

to identify and solve problems;(d) Controlling transmitting and broadcast systems and satellite systems for radio and television

programmes;(e) Controlling radio communications systems, satellite services, and multiplex systems on land, sea or in

aircraft;(f) Applying knowledge of principles and practices of broadcasting, telecommunications terminals and

transmissions systems, in order to identify and solve problems;(g) Making emergency repairs to equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: -Audio-visual operator -Broadcasting equipment operator -Broadcast technician -Cameraman/woman (motion picture) -Cameraman/woman (video) -Production assistant (media)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Photographer – 3431Notes

3522 Telecommunications engineering techniciansTelecommunications engineering technicians perform technical tasks connected with telecommunications engineering research, as well as with the design, manufacture, assembly, construction, operation, maintenance and repair of telecommunications systems.

Tasks include -(a) Providing technical assistance connected with research and the development of telecommunications

equipment, or testing prototypes;(b) Studying technical material such as blue prints and sketches to determine the method of work to be

adopted;(c) Preparing detailed estimates of quantities and costs of materials and labour required for the

manufacture and installation of telecommunications equipment, according to the specifications given;(d) Providing technical supervision of the manufacture, utilization, maintenance and repair of

telecommunications systems to ensure satisfactory performance and compliance with specifications and regulations;

(e) Applying technical knowledge of telecommunications engineering principles and practices in order to identify and solve problems arising in the course of their work.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Engineering technician (telecommunications)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Information and communications technology installers and repairers - 7422 - Engineering Technician (electronics) 3114 Telecommunications technician - 7422 - Telephone installer – 7422Notes

4 Clerical support workersClerical support workers record, organize, store, compute and retrieve information related, and perform a number of clerical duties in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, and appointments. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the second ISCO skill level.

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Tasks performed by clerical support workers usually include: Stenography, typing, and operating word processors and other office machines; entering data into computers; carrying out secretarial duties; recording and computing numerical data; keeping records relating to stocks, production and transport; keeping records relating to passenger and freight transport; carrying out clerical duties in libraries; filing documents; carrying out duties in connection with mail services; preparing and checking material for printing; writing on behalf of illiterate persons; performing money-handling operations; dealing with travel arrangements; supplying information requested by clients and making appointments; operating a telephone switchboard. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 41 General and keyboard clerks 42 Customer services clerks 43 Numerical and material recording clerks 44 Other clerical support workersNotes

41 General and keyboard clerksGeneral and keyboard clerks’ record, organize, store and retrieve information and perform a range of clerical and administrative tasks according to established procedures.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Operating personal computers; word-processors or typewriters, recording, inputting and processing data using computers; to record input and process text, calculating, bookkeeping and similar office machines to input and process text and data; performing a wide range of general clerical duties including preparing invoices, checking figures, filing, faxing or processing mail.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 411 General office clerks 412 Secretaries (general) 413 Keyboard operatorsNotes

411 General office clerksGeneral office clerks perform a range of clerical and administrative tasks according to established procedures.

Tasks performed usually include: Recording, preparing, sorting, classifying and filing information; sorting, opening and sending mail; photocopying and faxing documents; preparing reports and correspondence of a routine nature; recording issue of equipment to staff; responding to telephone or electronic enquiries or forwarding to appropriate person; checking figures, preparing invoices and recording details of financial transactions made; transcribing information onto computers, and proofreading and correcting copy.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 4110 General office clerksNotes

4110 General office clerksGeneral office clerks perform a range of clerical and administrative tasks according to established procedures.

Tasks include -(a) Recording, preparing, sorting, classifying and filing information;(b) Sorting, opening and sending mail;(c) Photocopying and faxing documents;(d) Preparing reports and correspondence of a routine nature;(e) Recording issue of equipment to staff;


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(f) Responding to telephone or electronic enquiries or forwarding to appropriate person;(g) Checking figures, preparing invoices and recording details of financial transactions made;(h) Transcribing information onto computers, and proofreading and correcting copy.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - General office clerk - Office clerkNotes

412 Secretaries (general)Secretaries (general) use typewriters, personal computers or other word-processing equipment to transcribe correspondence and other documents, check and format documents prepared by other staff, deal with incoming and outgoing mail, screen requests for meetings or appointments, and perform a variety of administrative support tasks.

Tasks performed usually include: Checking, formatting and transcribing correspondence, minutes and reports from dictation, electronic documents or written drafts to conform to office standards, using typewriter, personal computer or other word processing equipment; using various computer software packages, including spreadsheets, to provide administrative support; dealing with incoming or outgoing mail; scanning, recording and distributing mail, correspondence and documents; screening requests for meetings or appointments and helping to organize meetings; screening and recording leave and other staff-members’ entitlements; organizing and supervising filing systems; dealing with routine correspondence on their own initiative.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 4120 Secretaries (general)Notes

4120 Secretaries (general)Secretaries (general) use typewriters, personal computers or other word-processing equipment to transcribe correspondence and other documents, check and format documents prepared by other staff, deal with incoming and outgoing mail, screen requests for meetings or appointments, and perform a variety of administrative support tasks.

Tasks include –(a) Checking, formatting and transcribing correspondence, minutes and reports from dictation, electronic

documents or written drafts to conform to office standards, using typewriter, personal computer or other word processing equipment;

(b) Using various computer software packages including spreadsheets to provide administrative support;(c) Dealing with incoming or outgoing mail;(d) Scanning, recording and distributing mail, correspondence and documents;(e) Screening requests for meetings or appointments and helping to organize meetings;(f) Screening and recording leave and other staff-members’ entitlements;(g) Organizing and supervising filing systems;(h) Dealing with routine correspondence on their own initiative.

Examples of the occupations here: - Secretary - Typing secretary - Word-processing secretary

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Administrative secretary - 3343 - Executive secretary - 3343 - Legal secretary - 3342 - Medical secretary – 3344Notes

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413 Keyboard operatorsKeyboard operators input and process text and data, and prepare, edit and generate documents for storage, processing, publication and transmission.

Tasks performed usually include: Entering data and codes required to process information; retrieving, confirming and updating data in storage and keeping records of data input; taking records of proceedings in rapid shorthand using computerized equipment and shorthand-writing machines; transcribing information recorded in shorthand and on sound recording equipment, and proofreading and correcting copy; reproducing the spoken word, environmental sounds and song lyrics as captions for cinema and television programming.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 4131 Typists and word processing operators 4132 Data entry clerksNotes

4131 Typists and word processing operatorsTypists and word processing operators’ type edit and print using typewriter, personal computer or other word processor, and record oral or written matter in shorthand.

Tasks include -(a) Typing written material from rough drafts, corrected copies, voice recordings, or shorthand using a

computer, word processor or typewriter;(b) Checking completed work for proper spelling, grammar, and punctuation and formatting;(c) Gathering and arranging the material to be typed, following instructions;(d) Filing and storing completed documents on computer hard drive or disk, or maintain a computer

filing system to store, retrieve or update documents;(e) Taking dictation and recording other matter in shorthand;(f) Reproducing the spoken word, environmental sounds and song lyrics as captions for cinema and

television programming;(g) Transcribing information recorded in shorthand and on sound recording equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here:-Typist-Word processor-Stenographer-Shorthand typist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Court reporter - 3343 - Medical transcriptionist – 3344Notes

4132 Data entry clerksData entry clerks enter coded, statistical, financial and other numerical data into electronic equipment, computerized databases, spreadsheets or other data repositories using a keyboard, mouse, or optical scanner, speech recognition software or other data entry tools. They enter data into mechanical and electronic devices to perform mathematical calculations.

Tasks include -(a) Receiving and registering invoices, forms, records and other documents for data capture;(b) Entering numerical data, codes and text from source material into computer-compatible storage and

processing devices;(c) Verifying accuracy and completeness of data and correcting entered data, if needed;(d) Operating bookkeeping and calculating machines; (e) Importing and exporting data between different database systems and software.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Data entry operator - Data input clerk - Payment entry clerkNotes

42 Customer services clerksCustomer service clerks deal with clients in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, making appointments, operating telephone switchboards, and interviewing for surveys or to complete applications for eligibility for services.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group include: Performing money-handling operations in banks, post offices, betting and gambling establishments or dealing with travel arrangements; supplying information requested by clients and making appointments; operating telephone switchboards; greeting and receiving visitors; interviewing survey respondents; interviewing applicants for services.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 421 Tellers, money collectors and related clerks 422 Client information workersNotes

421 Tellers, money collectors and related clerksTellers, money collectors and related clerks perform money-handling operations in establishments relating to banking, postal services, betting or gambling, pawning and debt-collecting.

Tasks performed usually include: Dealing with clients of banks or post offices in connection with money operations or postal services; receiving and paying off bets on results of sporting events; conducting gambling games; lending money against articles deposited or other securities; collecting debts and other payments.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 4211 Bank tellers and related clerks 4212 Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers 4213 Pawnbrokers and money-lenders 4214 Debt-collectors and related workersNotes

4211 Bank tellers and related clerksBank tellers and related clerks deal directly with clients of banks or post offices in connection with receiving, changing and paying out money, or providing mail services.

Tasks include -(a) Process customer cash deposits and withdrawals, cheques, transfers, bills, credit card payments,

money orders, certified cheques and other related banking transactions;(b) Crediting and debiting clients’ accounts;(c) Paying bills and making money transfers on clients’ behalf;(d) Receiving mail, selling postage stamps and conducting other post office counter business such as bill

payments, money transfers and related business;(e) Changing money from one currency to another, as requested by clients;(f) Making records of all transactions and reconciling them with cash balance.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Post office counter clerk - Money changer - Bank tellerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cashier – 5230Notes

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4212 Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workersBookmakers and croupiers and related gambling workers determine odds and receive and pay off bets on results of sporting or other events, or conduct games of chance in gambling establishments.

Tasks include –(a) Determining risks to decide odds and to hedge or refuse bets;(b) Preparing and issuing lists of approximate odds;(c) Distributing cards, rolling dice or spinning a roulette wheel:(d) Explaining and interpreting operating rules of a gambling establishment;(e) Announcing winning numbers, paying winners and collecting payments from losers;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bookmaker - CroupierNotes

4213 Pawnbrokers and money-lendersPawnbrokers and money-lenders lend money against articles deposited as pledges, or against property or other security.

Tasks include -(a) Evaluating articles offered as pledges, calculating interest, and lending money;(b) Returning articles when the loan is paid or, in the event of non-payment, selling pledged articles;(c) Lending money as personal loans against success of future harvest and other similar undertakings;(d) Collecting loans when the pledge involved the success of future harvest and other similar undertakings;(e) Keeping a record of items received and money distributed and received;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Money-lender - PawnbrokerNotes

4214 Debt-collectors and related workersDebt-collectors and related workers collect payments on overdue accounts and bad cheques and collect charity payments.

Tasks include -(a) Tracing and locating debtors;(b) Telephoning, visiting, or writing to customers to collect money or arrange for later payments;(c) Preparing reports including amounts collected and maintain records and files related to collection

work;(d) Recommending legal action or discontinuation of service when payment cannot be otherwise

obtained;(e) Asking for and collecting charity payments.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bill and account collector - Charity collector - Debt collectorNotes

422 Client information workersClient information clerks provide or obtain information in person, by telephone or electronic means such as e-mail in connection with making travel arrangements, describing the products or services of an organization, registering and greeting guests and visitors, making appointments, connecting telephone calls and collecting information from survey respondents or applicants for services.


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Tasks performed usually include: Preparing itineraries and making travel and hotel reservations for clients; greeting and receiving clients and visitors; registering accommodation guests; providing information concerning the goods, services or policies of an organization; making appointments; operating a telephone switchboard; interviewing survey respondents and applicants for eligibility.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 4221Travel consultants and clerks 4222 Contact centre information clerks 4223 Telephone switchboard operators 4224 Hotel receptionists 4225 Enquiry clerks 4226 Receptionists (general) 4227 Survey and market research interviewers 4229 Client information workers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

4221 Travel consultants and clerksTravel consultants and clerks supply information, arrange travel itineraries, obtain travel and accommodation reservations and organize group tours.

Tasks include -(a) Obtaining information about the availability, cost and convenience of different types of transport and

accommodation, ascertaining customer’s requirements and advising them on travel arrangements;(b) Preparing itineraries;(c) Making and confirming reservations;(d) Issuing tickets and vouchers;(e) Helping customers in obtaining necessary travel documents such as visas;(f) Preparing bills and receiving payments;(g) Organizing group tours for business or vacation travel and selling them to groups or individuals.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clerk, ticket issuing/travel - Clerk, travel/airlines - Clerk, travel agency - Consultant, travel - Organizer, travel

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Travel agency manager - 1439 Conference and event planner - 3332 Ticket issuing clerk (entertainment and sporting events) – 5230Notes

4222 Contact centre information clerksContact centre information clerks provide advice and information to clients; respond to queries regarding a company’s or an organization’s goods, services or policies, and process financial transactions using the telephone or electronic communications media, such as email. They are located in premises that may be remote from clients or other operations of the organizations or companies about whom information is provided.

Tasks include -(a) Dealing with incoming calls and messages from clients, whether to answer queries, handle calls for

service or sort out complaints; (b) Identifying requirements and entering events into a computer system; (c) Dispatching tasks to other units, when relevant; (d) Invoicing or handling payments, where necessary;(e) Sending letters, information sheets and other documents to clients;(f) Advising clients of additional products or services.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Customer contact centre information clerk

Some related occupations classified elsewhere:- Telemarketing salesperson - 5244 - Call centre salesperson - 5244 - Customer contact centre salesperson - 5244 - Telephone operator - 4223 - Market research interviewer – 4227Notes

Only workers who respond to requests for information and/or handle straightforward transactions are classified in Unit Group 3222, Contact Centre Information Clerks. Those who provide specialized services, such as travel consultants, are classified in the relevant specialized group whether or not they are located in customer contact centers.

4223 Telephone switchboard operatorsTelephone switchboard operators operate telephone communications switchboards and consoles to establish telephone connections, receive caller inquiries and service problem reports, and record and relay messages to staff or clients.

Tasks include -(a) Operating switchboards and consoles to connect, hold, transfer, and disconnect telephone calls;(b) Making connections for outgoing calls;(c) Dealing with telephone inquiries and recording messages;(d) Forwarding messages to staff or clients;(e) Investigating operating system problems and informing repair services.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Answering service operator - Telephone Switchboard-operatorNotes

4224 Hotel receptionistsHotel receptionists register guests, assign rooms, issue keys, provide information concerning the hotel services, make room reservations, keep a record of rooms available for occupancy and present statements of charges to departing guests and receive payment.

Tasks include -(a) Maintaining an inventory of rooms available for occupancy, reservations and room assignments; (b) Registering arriving guests, assigning rooms; verifying customer’s credit and issuing room keys;(c) Providing information regarding hotel services and services available in the community;(d) Providing information about availability of accommodation and making room reservations;(e) Responding to guests’ requests for housekeeping and maintenance services as well as complaints; (f) Contacting housekeeping or maintenance services when guests report problems;(g) Compiling and checking guest accounts for charges using computerized or manual systems;(h) Receiving and forwarding messages in person or using telephone or telephone switchboard;(i) Reviewing statements of charges to departing guests and receiving payment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Hotel front desk clerk - Hotel receptionistNotes

4225 Enquiry clerksEnquiry clerks respond to personal, written, electronic mail, and telephone enquiries and complaints about the organization’s goods, services and policies, provide information and refer people to other sources. They are employed in locations which put them in direct contact with clients or with the production of the goods and services provided.


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Tasks include -(a) Answering inquiries about goods services, and policy and providing information about their

availability, location, price and related issues; (b) Responding to enquiries about problems and providing advice, information and assistance;(c) Recording information about enquiries and complaints;(d) Referring complex enquiries to team leaders or expert advisers;(e) Issuing relevant forms, information kits and brochures to interested parties.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Counter enquiries clerk - Information clerkNotes

4226 Receptionists (general)Receptionists (general) receive and welcome visitors, clients, or guests and respond to enquiries and requests including arranging for appointments.

Tasks include -(a) Receiving and welcoming visitors, guests or clients;(b) Making appointments for clients;(c) Dealing with telephone requests for information or appointments;(c) Directing clients to appropriate location or person;(e) Supplying information pamphlets, brochures or forms.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Receptionist - Medical office receptionistSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Medical secretary - 3344 Hotel receptionist – 4224Notes

4227 Survey and market research interviewersSurvey and market research interviewers interview people and record their responses to survey and market research questions on a range of topics.

Tasks include -(a) Contacting individuals by telephone or in person and explaining the purpose of the interview;(b) Asking questions following the outlines of questionnaires and surveys;(c) Recording responses on paper or entering responses directly into a computer database through

computer-assisted interviewing systems;(d) Identifying and resolving inconsistencies in responses;(e) Providing feedback to survey sponsors concerning problems in obtaining valid data.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Market research interviewer - Public opinion interviewer - Survey interviewerNotes

4229 Client information workers not elsewhere classifiedThis unit group includes client information workers not included elsewhere in minor group 422, Client information workers. For instance, it includes workers who obtain and process information from clients needed to determine eligibility for services.

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In such cases tasks would include -(a) Interviewing patients to obtain and process information required to provide hospital services;(b) Interviewing applicants for public assistance to gather information pertinent to their application;(c) Verifying the accuracy of information provided;(d) Initiating procedures to grant, modify, deny or terminate assistance;(e) Providing information and answering questions concerning benefits and claims procedures;(f) Referring patient or applicant to other organizations if they are ineligible for services.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Hospital admissions clerk - Eligibility interviewer - Eligibility specialistNotes

43 Numerical and material recording clerksNumerical clerks and material recording clerks obtain, compile and compute accounting, bookkeeping, statistical, financial, and other numerical data, and take charge of cash transactions incidental to business matters. Some occupations classified here keep records of goods produced, purchased, stocked, dispatched, and of materials needed at specified production dates, or keep records of operational aspects and coordinate the timing of passenger and freight transport.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include Helping with accounting and bookkeeping records and computations; calculating unit production costs; calculating wages and in some cases preparing wage packets and paying wages, taking charge of cash transactions incidental to the business; obtaining, compiling and computing statistical or actuarial data; performing clerical tasks relating to the financial transactions of an insurance establishment, bank or similar establishment; recording produced, stocked, ordered and dispatched goods; recording production materials received, put into stock or issued; computing quantities of the production materials required at specified dates and helping with preparation and checking of production operation schedules; keeping records of operational aspects and coordinating the timing of passenger and freight transport.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 431 Numerical clerks 432 Material-recording and transport clerkNotes

431 Numerical clerksNumerical clerks obtain, compile and compute accounting, bookkeeping, statistical, financial, and other numerical data, and take charge of cash transactions incidental to business matters.

Tasks performed usually include: Helping with accounting and bookkeeping records and computations; calculating unit production costs; calculating wages and in some cases preparing wage packets and paying wages; taking charge of cash transactions incidental to the business; obtaining, compiling and computing statistical or actuarial data; performing clerical tasks relating to the financial transactions of an insurance establishment, bank or similar establishment.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 4311 Accounting and bookkeeping clerks 4312 Statistical, finance and insurance clerks 4313 Payroll clerksNotes4311 Accounting and bookkeeping clerksAccounting and bookkeeping clerks compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. They perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records.


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Tasks include -(a) Checking figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and proper

codes; (b) Operating computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information;(c) Classifying, recording, and summarizing numerical and financial data to compile and keep financial

records, using journals and ledgers or computers; (d) Calculating, preparing, and issuing bills, invoices, account statements, and other financial statements

according to established procedures. (e) Compiling statistical, financial, accounting or auditing reports and tables pertaining to such matters as

cash receipts, expenditures, accounts payable and receivable, and profits and losses.

Examples of the occupations included here: - Accounts clerk - Bookkeeping clerk - Cost computing clerkSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Accounting assistant- 3313 - Bookkeeper – 3313Notes

4312 Statistical, finance and insurance clerksStatistical, finance and insurance clerks obtain, compile and compute statistical or actuarial data or perform clerical tasks relating to the transactions of insurance establishments, banks and other financial establishments.

Tasks include -(a) Processing insurance enrolments, cancellations, claims transactions, policy changes and payments;(b) Obtaining and compiling statistical or actuarial data based on routine or special sources of information;(c) Calculating totals, averages, percentages and other details and presenting them in the required tabular

form;(d) Preparing financial documents, and calculating interest or brokerage charges and stamp duties

payable;(e) Maintaining records of bonds, shares and other securities bought or sold on behalf of clients or

employer.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Actuarial clerk - Brokerage clerk - Finance clerk - Insurance clerk - Securities clerk - Statistical clerk - Tax clerkSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Stocks and shares broker- 3311 - Accounting assistant- 3313 - Statistical assistant- 3314 - Trade broker- 3324 - Accounts clerk - 4311 - Bookkeeping clerk- 4311Notes

4313 Payroll clerksPayroll clerks collect verify and process payroll information and compute pay and benefit entitlements for employees within a department, company or other establishment.

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Tasks include -(a) Maintaining records of employee attendance, leave and overtime to calculate pay and benefit

entitlements, using manual or computerized systems;(b) Preparing and verifying statements of earnings for employees, indicating gross and net salaries and

deductions such as taxes, union dues, garnishments and insurance and pension plans; (c) Preparing employee payments and benefit payments by cheque or electronic transfer; (d) Reviewing time sheets, work charts, wage computation, and other information to detect and reconcile

payroll discrepancies; (e) Verifying attendance, hours worked, and pay adjustments, and posting information onto designated

records.

Example of the occupations included here: - Wages clerk

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Accounting assistant- 3313 - Bookkeeper - 3313 - Accounts clerk - 4311 - Bookkeeping clerk- 4311Notes

432 Material-recording and transport clerksMaterial-recording and transport clerks keep records of goods produced, purchased, stocked, dispatched, and of materials needed at specified production dates, or keep records of operational aspects and coordinate the timing of passenger and freight transport.

Tasks performed usually include: Recording produced, stocked, ordered and dispatched goods; recording production materials received, put into stock or issued; computing quantities of the production materials required at specified dates and helping with preparation and checking of production operation schedules; keeping records of operational aspects and coordinating the timing of passenger and freight transport.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 4321 Stock clerks 4322 Production clerks 4323 Transport clerksNotes

4321 Stock clerksStock clerks maintain records of goods produced and production materials received, weighed, issued, dispatched or put into stock.

Tasks include -(a) Arranging and controlling receipt and dispatch of goods and keeping relevant records;(b) Maintaining stock records, verifying issue of goods, estimating needs and making requisitions of new

stocks;(c) Receiving, storing and issuing tools, spare parts, or various equipment and maintaining relevant

records;(d) Weighing goods received, issued, produced, or dispatched and maintaining relevant records;(e) Compiling inventories of furniture and other items received for storage;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Freight clerk - Dispatch clerk (stock) - Stock clerk - Storeroom clerk - Weighing clerkNotes


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4322 Production clerksProduction clerks compute quantities of materials required at specified dates for manufacturing, construction and similar production programmes, and prepare and check production operation schedules.

Tasks include -(a) Computing quantities, qualities and types of materials required by production programme;(b) Preparing production requirements schedules, ensuring that materials are available when needed, and

keeping relevant records;(c) Preparing or assisting in the preparation of production operation schedules on the basis of customers’

orders and production capacity and performance;(d) Verifying stocks, arranging deliveries and investigating delays;(e) Recording and coordinating the flow of work and materials between departments.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Production clerk - Schedule clerk (materials)Notes

4323 Transport clerksTransport clerks keep records of operational aspects and coordinate the timing of train, road and air passenger and freight transport, and prepare reports for management.

Tasks include -(a) Keeping records of operational aspects and coordinating the timing of passenger and freight transport;(b) Directing train routings within a division or zone of a railway system and keeping related records;(c) Directing, controlling and keeping records of freight handling at a railway yard;(d) Coordinating and keeping records of operational activities concerning road transport, such as

allocation and scheduling of vehicles and drivers, loading and unloading of vehicles and storage of goods in transit;

(e) Coordinating and keeping records of operational activities concerning air transport of passengers and freight, such as passenger lists and freight manifests;

(f) Preparing reports for management.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Clerical controller (transport service) - Clerical dispatcher (transport service)Notes

44 Other clerical support workersOther clerks perform clerical duties in newspapers, courts, libraries and post offices, file documents, prepare information for processing, maintain personnel records, check material for consistency with original source material and write on behalf of illiterate persons.Performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Recording information regarding acquisition, issue and return of library books; maintaining personnel records; classifying and filing various documents and other records; sorting, recording and delivering mail from post offices, as well as from or within an enterprise; coding; correcting proofs; performing a number of miscellaneous clerical duties; writing on behalf of persons who are unable to read and write.Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 441 Other clerical support workersNotes

441 Other clerical support workersOther clerks perform clerical duties in newspapers, courts, libraries and post offices, file documents, prepare information for processing, check material for consistency with original source material, maintain personnel records and write on behalf of persons who are unable to read or write.

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Tasks performed usually include: Recording information regarding acquisition, issue and return of library books; classifying and filing various documents and other records; maintaining personnel records; sorting, recording and delivering mail from post offices, as well as from or within an enterprise; coding; correcting proofs; performing a number of miscellaneous clerical duties; writing on behalf of persons who are unable to read or write.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 4411 Library clerks 4412 Mail carriers and sorting clerks 4413 Coding, proof-reading and related clerks 4414 Scribes and related workers 4415 Filing and copying clerks 4416 Personnel clerks 4419 Clerical support workers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

4411 Library clerksLibrary clerks issue and receive library materials, sort and shelve books, sound and vision recordings, periodicals, journals, magazines and newspapers and provide general library information to library users.

Tasks include -(a) Issuing and receiving library books and other materials; (b) Reshelving books and other library materials;(c) Performing clerical activities such as manual and electronic filing, word processing and occasional

typing; (d) Maintaining journal subscriptions; (e) Assisting library users in accessing basic library materials and making interlibrary loans;(f) Maintaining library records relating to the acquisition, issue and return of books and other materials.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Library clerk - Library filerNotes

4412 Mail carriers and sorting clerksMail carriers and sorting clerks perform sorting, recording, delivery and other duties in connection with mail services from post offices or related organizations, as well as from or within an establishment.

Tasks include -(a) Performing mail-handling duties in public post offices or privately owned delivery establishments;(b) Sorting and delivering mail to private houses and businesses; (c) Providing delivery confirmation records when requested by the client;(d) Sorting and keeping simple records of incoming and outgoing correspondence and dispatching

outgoing mail in various establishments;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Mail clerk - Post carrier - Postman/womanNotes

4413 Coding, proof-reading and related clerksCoding, proof-reading, and related clerks convert information into codes, verify and correct proofs, and perform a number of miscellaneous clerical duties.

Tasks include -(a) Converting information into codes and classifying information by codes for data-processing purposes;(b) Comparing proofs of texts and related material prepared for printing with original material, correcting


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errors and marking texts for printer according to the established rules;(c) Sorting forms and marking them with identification numbers; (d) Sorting documents for filing or to collate sets of pages; (e) Addressing circulars and envelopes by hand.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Coding clerk - Proof reading clerkNotes

4414 Scribes and related workersScribes and related workers write letters and complete forms on behalf of illiterate persons.

Tasks include -(a) Reading letters and other written matter to persons who are unable to read or write and providing

necessary interpretation and information;(b) Writing letters and completing forms on behalf of others;(c) Offering advice to individuals and interpreting and helping with the completion of government and

other official forms;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - ScribeNotes

4415 Filing and copying clerksFiling and copying clerks file correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. They locate and remove material from file when requested and photocopy, scan or fax documents.

Tasks include - (a) Sorting or classifying materials according to guidelines such as content, purpose, user criteria, or

chronological, alphabetical, or numerical order; (b) Filing material in drawers, cabinets and storage boxes; (c) Locating and remove materials from files when requested; (d) Keeping records of materials filed and removed;(e) Photocopying, scanning or faxing documents.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Copying clerk - Filing clerkNotes

4416 Personnel clerksPersonnel clerks maintain and update personnel records such as information on transfers and promotions, performance evaluations, employee leave taken and accumulated, salaries, qualifications and training.

Tasks include -(a) Updating information on, employment history, salaries, performance evaluations, qualifications and

training and leave taken and accumulated;(b) Initiating records for newly appointed workers and checking records for completeness; (c) Processing applications for employment and promotions and advising applicants of results; (d) Receiving and answering inquiries about employment entitlements and conditions; (e) Sending out job applications and announcements of job openings and job examinations; (f) Maintaining and updating manual and computerized filing and registration systems, and compiling

and preparing reports and documents relating to personnel activities;(g) Storing and retrieving personnel records and files on request.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Human resource assistant - Human resource clerkNotes

4419 Clerical support workers not elsewhere classifiedThis unit group covers clerical support workers not classified elsewhere in major group 4, Clerical support workers. For instance, the group includes, correspondence clerks, press clippers and publication clerks.

In such cases tasks would include -(a) Receiving customers’ orders for classified advertising, writing and editing copy, calculating advertising

rates and billing customers. (b) Writing business and government correspondence such as replies to requests for information and

assistance, damage claims, credit and billing enquiries and service complaints. (c) Assisting in the preparation of periodicals, advertisements, catalogues, directories and other material

for publication; (d) Reading newspapers, magazines, press releases and other publications to locate and file articles of

interest to staff and clients.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Advertising clerk - Correspondence clerk - Directory compiler - Publication clerk - Press clipperNotes

5 Service and sales workersService and sales workers provide personal and protective services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, personal care, or protection against fire and unlawful acts, or demonstrate and sell goods in wholesale or retail shops and similar establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the second ISCO skill level.

Tasks performed by service and sales workers usually include: Organization and providing services during travel; housekeeping; preparing and serving of food and beverages; caring for children; providing personal and basic health care at homes or in institutions, as well as hairdressing, beauty treatment and companionship; telling fortunes; embalming and arranging funerals; providing security services and protecting individuals and property against fire and unlawful acts; enforcing of law and order; posing as models for advertising, artistic creation and display of goods; selling goods in wholesale or retail establishments, as well as at stalls and on markets; demonstrating goods to potential customers. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 51 Personal service workers 52 Sales workers 53 Personal care workers 54 Protective services workerNotes

51 Personal service workersPersonal service workers provide personal services related to travel, housekeeping, catering, child and personal care. Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Organizing and providing of services during travel; housekeeping; preparing and serving food and beverages; providing personal and basic health care at homes or in institutions, as well as hairdressing, beauty treatment and companionship; telling fortunes; embalming and arranging funerals; Supervision of other workers may be included.


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Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 511 Travel attendants, conductors and guides 512 Cooks

Notes

511 Travel attendants, conductors and guidesTravel attendants, conductors and guides provide various personal services in connection with travelling by aircraft, train, ship, bus or other vehicle, and escorting individuals and groups on travel tours, sightseeing visits and excursions.

Tasks performed usually include: Ensuring the comfort and safety of passengers; serving food and refreshments; providing information and answering questions in connection with travel; collecting or issuing tickets on board public transport; accompanying individuals or groups on sightseeing tours or excursions and describing points of interest.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards 5112 Transport conductors 5113 Travel guides

Notes

5111 Travel attendants and travel stewardsTravel attendants and travel stewards ensure the comfort and safety of passengers, serve meals and beverages and render personal services, usually on aircraft and onboard ships. They may plan and coordinate housekeeping and social activities on ships.

Tasks include -(a) Greeting passengers entering aircraft or ships, checking tickets or boarding passes, and directing them

to their seats or berths;(b) Announcing, explaining and demonstrating safety and emergency procedures, such as the use of

oxygen masks, seat belts, and life jackets;(c) Assembling and serving pre-prepared meals and beverages;(d) Selling duty-free and other goods;(e) Taking care of general needs and comfort of passengers, answering inquiries, and keeping cabins

clean and tidy;(f) Directing and assisting passengers and following prescribed procedures in the event of an emergency,

such as evacuating a plane following an emergency landing;(g) Verifying that first aid kits and other emergency equipment are in working order;(h) Administering first aid to passengers in distress;(i) Attending pre-flight briefings concerning weather, altitudes, routes, emergency procedures, crew

coordination, lengths of flights, food and beverage services offered, and numbers of passengers;(j) Preparing passengers and aircraft for take-off and landing;(k) Determining special assistance needs of passengers such as small children, the elderly, or disabled

persons.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Airport attendant - Flight attendant - Ship stewardNotes

5112 Transport conductorsTransport conductors check and issue tickets and ensure the safety and comfort of passengers on trains, trams, buses and other public transport vehicles.

Tasks include -(a) Collecting and issuing tickets, passes or fares, and checking the validity of tickets issued previously;(b) Attending to sleeping-cars and their occupants on passenger trains;

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(c) Providing assistance with boarding, seating and luggage as required, especially to elderly, sick, or injured people;

(d) Opening and closing doors for passengers;(e) Performing equipment safety checks prior to departure;(f) Signaling to drivers to stop or proceed;(g) Greeting passengers boarding transportation equipment, and announcing routes and stops.(h) Ensuring that safety regulations are respected;(i) Responding to passenger’s requests and complaints and providing information about stops and

connections;(j) Taking appropriate action in case of emergencies or accidents.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bus conductor - Cable car conductor - Ticket inspector (public transport) - Train conductor - Tram conductorNotes

5113 Travel guidesTravel guides accompany individuals or groups on trips, sightseeing tours and excursions and on tours of places of interest such as historical sites, industrial establishments and theme parks. They describe points of interest and provide background information on interesting features.

Tasks include -(a) Escorting and guiding tourists on cruises and sightseeing tours;(b) Escorting visitors through places of interest such as museums, exhibitions, theme parks, factories and

other industrial establishments;(c) Describing and providing information on points of interest and exhibits and responding to questions;(d) Conducting educational activities for school children; (e) Monitoring visitors’ activities to ensure compliance with establishment or tour regulations and safety

practices;(f) Greeting and registering visitors and tour participants, and issuing any required identification badges

or safety devices;(g) Distributing brochures, showing audiovisual presentations, and explaining procedures and operations

at tour sites;(h) Providing for physical safety of groups, and performing activities such as providing first aid and

directing emergency evacuations;(i) Resolving any problems with tour itineraries, service, or accommodation.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Art gallery guide - Tour escortNotes

512 CooksCooks plan, organize, prepare and cook meals in hotels, restaurants and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in private households

Tasks performed usually include: Planning meals, preparing and cooking foodstuffs; planning, supervising and coordinating the work of kitchen helpers; checking the quality of food; weighing, measuring and mixing ingredients according to recipes and personal judgment; regulating the temperature of ovens, grills, roasters and other cooking equipment; inspecting and cleaning the kitchen, kitchen equipment, serving areas, etc. to ensure safe and sanitary food handling practices; operating large–volume cooking equipment such as grills, deep-fat fryers, or griddles.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit group: - 5120 CookNotes


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5120 CooksCooks plan, organize, prepare and cook meals in hotels, restaurants and other eating places, on board ships, on passenger trains and in private households.

Tasks include -(a) Planning meals, preparing and cooking foodstuffs;(b) Planning, supervising and coordinating the work of kitchen helpers; (c) Checking the quality of food; (d) Weighing, measuring and mixing ingredients according to recipes and personal judgment;(e) Regulating the temperature of ovens, grills, roasters and other cooking equipment; inspecting and

cleaning the kitchen, kitchen equipment, serving areas, etc. to ensure safe and sanitary food handling practices;

(f) operating large –volume cooking equipment such as grills, deep-fat fryers, or griddles.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cook

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Chef - 3434 - Fast food preparer – 9411Notes

513 Waiters and bartendersWaiters and bartenders serve food and beverages in commercial dining and drinking places, clubs, institutions and canteens, on board ships and on passenger trains.

Tasks performed usually include: assisting in keeping bar properly stocked; washing used glassware and cleaning bar area; serving alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks at a bar; setting tables with clean linen, cutlery, crockery and glassware; serving food and beverages; advising on the choice of wines and serving them; taking orders for food and/or drinks and passing order to kitchen; presenting bill and accepting payment.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5131 Waiters 5132 BartendersNotes

5131 WaitersWaiters serve food and beverages at tables in dining and drinking places, clubs, institutions and canteens, on board ships and on passenger trains.

Tasks include -(a) Setting tables with clean linen, cutlery, crockery and glassware;(b) Greeting customers and presenting them with menus and beverage lists;(c) Advising on food and beverage choices;(d) Taking orders for food and drinks and passing order to kitchen or bar staff;(e) Serving food and beverages to clients at tables;(f) Clearing tables and returning dishes and cutlery to kitchen;(g) Presenting bills, accepting payment and operating point of sales machines and cash registers.

Example of the occupations classified here: - Waiter

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cafe manager -1412 - Restaurant manager -1412 - Bartender – 5132Notes

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5132 BartendersBartenders prepare, mix and serve alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks directly to customers over a bar or counter, or through waiters.

Tasks include -(a) Taking beverage orders from serving staff or directly from patrons;(b) Preparing and serving alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks at a bar;(c) Washing used glassware, cleaning and maintaining bar service areas, tea and coffee-making areas and

equipment such as espresso machines;(d) Collecting payment for sales, operating cash registers and balancing cash receipts;(e) Tapping kegs and attaching supply lines;(f) Assisting in keeping bar properly stocked and arranging bottles and glasses;(g) Checking identification of customers to verify age requirements for purchase of alcohol;(h) Taking steps to limit problems related to excessive drinking such, as persuading customers to stop

drinking, declining further service and ordering transportation;(i) Mixing ingredients to prepare cocktails and other drinks;(j) Serving snacks or other food items to customers at the bar.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bartender

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Waiter – 5131Notes

514 Hairdressers, beauticians and related workersHairdressers, beauticians and related workers cut and dress hair, shave and trim beards, give beauty treatment, apply cosmetics and make-up and give other kinds of treatment to individuals in order to improve their appearance.

Tasks include -(a) Discussing customers’ requirements;(b) Cutting and dressing hair;(c) Shaving and trimming beards;(d) Giving beauty treatment; and applying cosmetics and make up;(d) Shaping and polishing finger- and toe-nails and treating minor ailments of the human foot;(e) Attending clients taking baths and administering elementary massage.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5141 Hairdressers 5142 Beauticians and related workersNotes

5141 HairdressersHairdressers cut, style, colour, straighten and permanently wave hair, shave or trim facial hair and treat scalp conditions.

Tasks include -(a) Cutting, washing, tinting and waving hair;(b) Shaving or trimming beards and moustaches;(c) Giving scalp treatment;(d) Fitting wigs according to customers’ requirements;(e) Providing advice on hair care, beauty products and hairstyles;(f) Styling hair into dreadlocks and braids and adding hair extensions;(g) Arranging appointments and collecting payments;(h) Cleaning work areas and sanitizing instruments.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Barber - Hairstylist - Hairdresser - Hair care specialistNotes

5142 Beauticians and related workersBeauticians and related workers, give facial and body beauty treatments, apply cosmetics and make-up and give other kinds of treatment to individuals in order to improve their appearance.

Tasks include -(a) Cleaning and applying creams, lotions and related products to face and parts of body;(b) Giving facial and body massage;(c) Applying make-up to clients of a beauty parlour or to actors and other performers; (d) Cleaning, shaping and polishing finger- and toe-nails and treating minor ailments of the human foot

such as corns, calluses or deformed toe-nails;(e) Attending to clients taking baths and administering elementary massage;(f) Using waxing, sugaring and depilation techniques to remove unwanted bodily hair;(g) Advising clients on diet and exercise to assist in weight loss and slimming;(h) Arranging appointments and collecting payments.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bath attendant - Beautician - Pedicurist - Manicurist - Make-up artist - Slimming consultantNotes

515 Building and housekeeping supervisorsBuilding and housekeeping supervisors coordinate, schedule, and supervise the work of cleaners and other housekeeping staff in commercial, industrial and residential premises. They take responsibility for housekeeping and caretaking functions in hotels, offices, apartments, houses and private dwellings.

Tasks usually include: Assigning tasks and inspecting building areas to see that cleaning, housekeeping and maintenance work has been done properly; issuing of supplies and equipment and inventory stocks to ensure that the supplies on hand are adequate; screening and hiring job applicants; training both new and experienced employees; recommending promotions, transfers or dismissals; performing some cleaning, housekeeping and maintenance tasks.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5151 Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishments 5152 Domestic housekeepers 5153 Building caretakersNotes

5151 Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishmentsCleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishments organize, supervise and carry out housekeeping functions in order to keep clean and tidy the interiors, fixtures and facilities in these establishments.(a) Engaging, training, discharging organizing and supervising helpers, cleaners and other housekeeping

staff;(b) Purchasing or controlling the purchase of supplies;(c) Controlling storage and issue of supplies;

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(d) Supervising general welfare and conduct of individuals in institutions;(e) Sweeping or vacuum-cleaning, washing and polishing floors, furniture and other fixtures;(f) Making beds, cleaning bathrooms, supplying towels, soap and related items;(g) Cleaning kitchens and generally helping with kitchen work, including dishwashing;(h) Restocking minibars and replenishing items such as drinking glasses and writing equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Housekeeper (hotel) - Matron (housekeeping)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Hotel manager - 1411 - Building caretaker - 5153 - Bed and breakfast operator - 5152 - Domestic housekeeper - 5152 - Domestic cleaner – 9111Notes

5152 Domestic housekeepersDomestic housekeepers organize, supervise and carry out housekeeping functions in private households with or without the support of subordinate staff.

Tasks include -(a) Supervising workers employed in households as domestic staff;(b) Purchasing or controlling the purchase of supplies;(c) Controlling storage and issue of supplies;(d) Assisting in cases of minor injury or illness by performing tasks such as taking temperature, giving

medicine, putting g on bandages;(e) Sweeping or vacuum-cleaning, washing and polishing floors, furniture and other fixtures.(f) Making beds, cleaning bathrooms, supplying towels, soap and related items;(g) Taking care of household pets and plants, receiving visitors, answering telephones, delivering messages

and shopping for groceries;(h) Preparing and cooking meals, setting and clearing tables and serving food and beverages.(i) Cleaning kitchens and generally helping with kitchen work, including dishwashing.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bed and breakfast operator - Butler - Domestic Housekeeper

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Hotel manager – 1411Notes:Operators of small accommodation establishments, such as some bed and breakfast establishments and small guest houses, that provide accommodation and limited meal services to clients effectively as paying guests in private households, and for whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work, are classified in unit group 5152, Domestic housekeepers.

5153 Building caretakersBuilding caretakers take care of apartment houses, hotels, offices, churches and other buildings and maintain them and associated grounds in a clean and orderly condition. They may supervise other workers and contractors depending on the size and nature of the building concerned.

Tasks include -(a) Supervising the work of cleaning, housekeeping and building maintenance staff and contractors;(b) Participating in cleaning, simple repairs and maintenance of building interiors;(c) Tending furnaces and boilers to ensure provision of heat and hot water;(c) Regulating conduct of tenants and visitors in such matters as noise abatement or misuse of property;


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(e) Providing small services to absent tenants such as accepting deliveries on their behalf or providing requested information to callers;

(f) Notifying management and owners of buildings of the need for major repairs;(g) Patrolling buildings to ensure security is maintained;(h) Filling out registration forms and providing tenants with copies of rules.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Caretaker - Concierge (building) - Janitor - SextonNotes

516 Other personal services workersOther personal services workers recount past and predict future events in persons’ lives, provide companionship and other personal services, groom, train and care for animals, provide embalming and funeral services train people to drive vehicles.

Tasks performed usually include: casting horoscopes; providing companionship or valet services and other personal services to clients; providing embalming and funeral services; feeding, handling, training and grooming animals; instructing students under actual driving conditions.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5161 Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers 5162 Companions and valets 5163 Undertakers and embalmers 5164 Pet groomers and animal care workers 5165 Driving instructors 5169 Personal services workers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

5161 Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workersAstrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers recount past and predict future events in persons’ lives by practicing astrology, on the basis of characteristics of the clients’ palms, samples of playing cards drawn or other techniques.

Tasks include -(a) Casting horoscopes of individuals at birth or later to recount past and forecast future events and

conditions of their lives; (b) Interpreting characteristics of clients’ palms, samples of playing cards, position of tea leaves or coffee

remnants in a cup, shapes and patterns of bones of dead animals, etc.;(c) Forecasting future events on the basis of these interpretations;(d) Determining auspicious times for various human activities such as inaugurations, marriages, journeys

and religious and other ceremonies;(e) Giving warnings and advice on possible courses of action;(f) Advising individuals on precautions to be taken to avoid evil influences.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Astrologer - Fortune-teller - Numerologist - PalmistSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Witch doctor- 3230 - Faith healer – 3413Notes

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5162 Companions and valetsCompanions and valets provide companionship and attend to various needs of the employer.

Tasks include -(a) Providing companionship to employer by accompanying him/her to various places, reading,

conversing and participating in activities such as sports;(b) Assisting in entertaining visitors in employer’s home;(c) Keeping wardrobe and personal effects of the employer in good order.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Companion - Personal maid - Valet

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Social escort - 5169 - Dancing partner – 5169Notes

5163 Undertakers and embalmersUndertakers and embalmers perform various tasks in the disposal of dead human bodies.

Tasks include -(a) Making arrangements for, and conducting, funerals, cremations and burials;(b) Embalming human bodies to retard or arrest the process of decay;(c) Conforming to health and sanitation and ensuring that legal requirements concerning embalming are

met;(d) Incising and closing incisions on various parts of the body and reshaping or reconstructing disfigured

or maimed bodies when necessary;(e) Dressing bodies and placing them in caskets;(f) Conducting interviews to arrange for preparation of obituary notices, to assist with the selection of

caskets or urns, and to determine the location and time of burials or cremations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Embalmer - UndertakerNotes

5164 Pet groomers and animal care workersPet groomers and animal care workers feed, handle, train and groom animals and assist veterinarians, animal health technologists and technicians in veterinary facilities, animal shelters, breeding and boarding kennels, zoos, laboratories, retail pet shops, riding schools, dog training schools pet grooming and similar establishments.

Tasks include -(a) Bathing and feeding animals;(b) Leading or carrying animals to treatment room and holding them during treatment;(c) Cleaning and sterilising veterinary surgical instruments;(d) Labeling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical preparations and replenishing stock;(e) Sterilizing bottles, beakers and other equipment;(f) Cleaning, organizing, and disinfecting animal quarters such as pens, stables, cages, and yards, and

animal equipment such as saddles and bridles;(g) Collecting and recording animal information such as weight, size, physical condition and, treatments

received, medications given, and food intake;(h) Training animals to develop and maintain desired animal behaviors for competition, entertainment,

obedience, security, riding and other activities;(i) Grooming animals by performing tasks such as washing, brushing, clipping, and trimming coats,

cutting nails and cleaning ears.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dog trainer - Horse breaker - Veterinary aid - Zoo keeperNotes

5165 Driving instructorsDriving instructors teach people how to drive motor vehicles.

Tasks include -(a) Instructing students under actual driving conditions, and explaining and demonstrating the operation

of brakes, clutch, gear selection, automatic transmission, signals and lights;(b) Teaching road traffic regulations;(c) Teaching road craft and road safety;(d) Advising students when they are ready to undergo driving examination;(e) Advising on and teaching advanced driving techniques required for emergency situations;(f) Illustrating and explaining handling and mechanical operation of motor vehicles and driving

techniques using blackboard diagrams and audiovisual aids.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Driving instructorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Flying instructor- 3153Notes

5169 Personal services workers not elsewhere classifiedThis unit group covers personal service workers not classified elsewhere in Sub-major group 51, Personal service workers. For instance, those who provide services and companionship as dancing partners, social escorts, and night-club hostesses or hosts are classified here.

In such cases tasks would include -(a) Accompanying clients to restaurants and other outings;(b) Acting as a dancing partner;(c) Welcoming clients to a night-club and ensuring that they are entertained well.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Social escort - Club host - Club hostess - Dancing partnerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Companion – 5162Notes: Countries that have a requirement to compile statistics on those who provide sexual services to clients on a commercial basis should include them in unit group 5169, Personal service workers not elsewhere classified. If there is a need, in national adaptations of ISCO-08, to identify this group separately from other occupational groups included in unit group 5169, use of unit group code 5168 is recommended for this purpose.

52 Sales workersSales workers sell and demonstrate goods in wholesale or retail shops, at stalls and markets, door-to-door, via telephone or customer contact centers. They may record and accept payment for goods and services purchased, and may operate small retail outlets.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group may include the following: Selling goods in wholesale or retail establishments or at street or market stalls, door-to- door, via telephone or customer contact centers; demonstrating and displaying goods to potential customers; selling and serving food

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for immediate consumption at counters and in the street; buying or contracting a regular supply of products to be sold; stacking and displaying goods for sale, and wrapping and packing goods sold; determining product mix, stock and price levels for goods to be sold; operating cash registers, optical price scanners, computers or other equipment to record and accept payment for the purchase of goods and services. Supervision of other workers may be required in some occupations classified here.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 521 Street and market salespersons 522 Shop salespersons 523 Cashiers and ticket clerks 524 Other sales workerNotes:Shop managers and sales managers are classified in Major group 1, Managers. Technical, medical and ICT sales professionals are classified in Major Group 2, Professionals. Commercial sales and insurance representatives, finance and trade brokers, are classified in Major group 3, Technicians and associate professionals. Street vendors (excluding food) are classified in Major group 9, Elementary occupations.

521 Street and market salespersonsStreet and market salesperson sell goods from stalls on markets or in streets and prepare and sell hot or cold foods and beverages ready for immediate consumption in streets and public places.

Tasks performed usually include: Obtaining permission to set up a stand at a particular place in streets, markets or other open spaces or to sell food and drinks on the street; buying or contracting a regular supply of products to be sold; erecting and dismantling stalls and stands; transporting, storing, loading and unloading products for sale; stacking, displaying and selling goods, food and drinks and accepting payment; wrapping and packing goods sold; preparing food and drinks for sale; pushing, pedaling or carrying hand-cart, truck, tray or basket to bring food and drinks to the desired place in the street, or to public places such as stations or cinemas; keeping accounts and maintaining a record of stock levels.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5211 Stall and market salespersons 5212 Street food salespersonsNotes:Vendors in streets and public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items such as confectionary) from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in minor group 952, Street vendors (excluding food).

5211 Stall and market salespersonsStall and market salespersons sell various goods from stalls on open-air or covered markets or from stalls in streets or other open spaces.

Tasks include -(a) Obtaining permission to set up a stand at a particular place in streets, markets or other open spaces;(b) Determining product mix, stock and price levels for goods to be sold;(c) Buying or contracting a regular supply of goods to be sold from wholesale suppliers or directly from

producers;(d) Erecting and dismantling stalls and stands, transporting, storing, loading and unloading goods for sale;(e) Demonstrating and selling goods and accepting payment; (f) Stacking and displaying goods for sale, and wrapping and packing goods sold;(g) Keeping accounts and maintaining a record of stock levels.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Kiosk salesperson - Market vendor - Street stall sales assistant - Market stall-holder


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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Street food vendor - 5212 Street vendor (excluding food) - 9520 Shopkeeper - 5221 Shop sales assistant - 5223 Food service counter attendant – 5246Notes:Vendors from street and market stalls of fresh food products not intended for immediate consumption (such as fruit, vegetables, meat and dairy products) are classified in unit group 5211 Stall and market salespersons. Vendors from street and market stalls of a variety of prepared meals and food items for immediate consumption are classified in unit group 5246, Food service counter attendants. Vendors in streets and public places of food and beverages for immediate consumption from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in unit group 5212, Street food salespersons. Vendors in streets and public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items such as confectionary) from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in unit group 9520, Street vendors (excluding food). Workers who prepare simple food items for immediate consumption, such as hamburger cooks, but have limited direct contact with clients, are classified in unit group 9411, Fast food preparers

If adapting these categories to national circumstances please note that the aim of separately identifying vendors of food items for immediate consumption is to ensure that jobs that require skills in service, basic preparation and hygienic handling of food are visible. Food service counter attendants generally serve a wider range of more elaborate products and meals than Street food salespersons and do not generally transport or carry food on hand carts or in baskets.

5212 Street food salespersonsStreet food salespersons prepare and sell, or sell previously prepared, hot or cold foods and beverages ready for immediate consumption in streets and public places such as stations, cinemas, or theatres.

Tasks include -(a) Obtaining permission or a license, where required, to sell food and drinks on the street or in a public

place;(b) Obtaining food and drinks for sale;(c) Preparing, either beforehand or on the spot, food and drinks for sale;(d) Loading and unloading, pushing, pedalling or carrying hand-cart, truck, tray or basket to bring food

and drinks to the desired place in the street, or to public places such as stations or cinemas;(e) Displaying and selling food and drinks and accepting payment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Street food vendor - Hawker (food)Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Cook - 5120 Fast food preparer - 9411 Food service counter attendant - 5246 Street vendor (excluding food) – 9520Notes:Vendors from street and market stalls of fresh food products not intended for immediate consumption (such as fruit, vegetables, meat and dairy products) are classified in unit group 5211 Stall and market salespersons. Vendors from street and market stalls of a variety of prepared meals and food items for immediate consumption are classified in unit group 5246, Food service counter attendants. Vendors in streets and public places of food and beverages for immediate consumption from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in unit group 5212, Street food salespersons. Vendors in streets and public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items such as confectionary) from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in unit group 9520, Street vendors (excluding food). Workers who prepare simple food items for immediate consumption, such as hamburger cooks, but have limited direct contact with clients, are classified in unit group 9411, Fast food preparers.If adapting these categories to national circumstances please note that the aim of separately identifying vendors of food items for immediate consumption is to ensure that jobs that require skills in service, basic preparation and hygienic handling of food are identified. Food service counter attendants generally serve a wider range of more elaborate products and meals than Street food salespersons and do not generally transport food using or sell food from equipment such as hand carts, bicycles or baskets.

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522 Shop salespersons Shop salespersons sell a range of goods and services directly to the public or on behalf of retail and wholesale establishments. They explain functions and qualities of these goods and services, and may operate small shops or supervise the activities of shop sales assistants and cashiers.

Tasks performed usually include: Determining customer requirements and advising on product range, price, delivery, warranties and product use and care; demonstrating and explaining and selling goods and services to customers; accepting payment for by a variety of payment methods and preparing sales invoices; undertaking or assisting with the ongoing management of stock such as product inventories and participating in stock takes; stacking and displaying goods for sale, and wrapping and packing goods sold; determining product mix, stock and price levels for goods to be sold; supervising and coordinating the activities of shop sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers in supermarkets and department stores.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5221 Shopkeepers 5222 Shop supervisors 5223 Shop sales assistantsNotes

5221 ShopkeeperShopkeepers operate small retail shops either independently or with support from a small number of others.

Tasks include -(a) Determining product mix, stock and price levels for goods to be sold; (b) Purchasing and ordering goods for sale from markets, wholesalers and other suppliers(c) Budgeting and maintaining records of stock levels and financial transactions; (d) Determining prices and displaying goods for sale;(e) Selling goods to customers and advising them on product use;(f) Examining returned goods and deciding on appropriate action;(g) Taking inventory of goods in stock.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Shopkeeper - Grocer - NewsagentSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Shop manager - 1420 Market stall holder – 5211Notes:Only operators of small shops for whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work are classified in Unit group 5221, Shopkeepers. Operators of shops where management tasks and supervision of staff are significant and frequent elements of the work are classified in Unit group 1420, Retail and wholesale trade managers. Staff who control and direct the activities of shop sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers, but who do not take responsibility for determining product mix, overall setting of prices, budgets and staffing levels, selection and recruitment are classified in Unit group 5222, Shop supervisors.

5222 Shop supervisorsShop supervisors supervise and coordinate the activities of shop sales assistants, checkout operators and other workers in retail and wholesale shops such as supermarkets and department stores.

Tasks include -(a) Planning and preparing work schedules and assigning staff to specific duties;(b) Instructing staff on sales procedures, including how to handle difficult or complex cases;(c) Ensuring that customers receive prompt service;(d) Participating in and providing advice to managers on interviewing, hiring training, evaluating,

promoting and dismissing staff, and resolving staff grievances;


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(e) Examining returned goods and deciding on appropriate action;(f) Taking inventory of goods for sale and ordering new stock;(g) Ensuring that goods and services are correctly priced and displayed;(h) Ensuring that safety procedures are enforced.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Checkout supervisor - Supermarket supervisorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Shop managers - 1420 Shopkeepers - 5221 Street stall salesperson – 5211Notes:Operators of small shops for whom the management and supervision of staff is not a significant component of the work are classified in Unit group 5221, Shopkeepers. Shop managers who, in addition to supervision of staff, perform management tasks such as determining product mix, overall setting of prices, budgeting and making decisions on staff levels, selection and recruitment are classified in unit group 1420, Retail and wholesale trade managers.

5223 Shop sales assistants

Shop sales assistants sell a range of goods and services directly to the public or on behalf of retail and wholesale establishments, and explain the functions and qualities of these goods and services.

Tasks include -(a) Determining customer requirements and advising on product range, price, delivery, warranties and

product use and care; (b) Demonstrating and explaining to customers the establishment’s goods and services (c) Selling goods and services, accepting payment by a variety of payment methods, preparing sales

invoices and recording sales using cash registers; (d) Assisting with the ongoing management of stock such as product inventories and participating in stock

takes; (e) Stacking and displaying goods for sale, and wrapping and packing goods sold.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Salesperson (retail establishment) - Salesperson (wholesale establishment) - Shop assistant

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Shop manager - 1420 Kiosk salesperson - 5211 Market salesperson - 5211 Street stall salesperson - 5211 Street food vendor - 5212 Shopkeeper - 5221 Checkout operator - 5230 Food service counter attendant – 5246Notes

5230 Cashiers and ticket clerks

Cashiers and ticket clerks operate cash registers, optical price scanners, computers or other equipment to record and accept payment for the purchase of goods, services and admissions in settings such as stores, restaurants and ticket offices.

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Tasks include -(a) Receiving and verifying payment by cash, cheque credit card our automatic debit in stores, ticket

offices, or similar establishments;(b) Giving change and issuing receipts;(c) Issuing tickets for attendance at sporting and cultural events;(d) Counting and recording money received or paid out and balancing against cash register sales records;(e) Receiving incoming cash, checking it against sales slips and other documents, and preparing it for

deposit at bank;(f) Operating cash register to calculate total to be paid from or to clients;(h) Scanning, weighing and recording prices of goods;(i) Wrapping and placing merchandise in bags.

Examples of the occupations classified here: Store Cashier Ticket issuing clerk (entertainment and sporting events) Checkout operator Service station console operator Ticket issuing clerk (travel) - 4221 Shop sales assistant - 5223 Service station attendant - 5245 Checkout supervisor – 5222Notes

524 Other sales workersOther sales workers display, demonstrate, display and sell goods, food and services, usually to the general public, in contexts other than sales in markets, streets and shops. It includes sales workers not classified in minor groups 521 Street and market salespersons, 522 Shop salespersons and 523 Cashiers and ticket clerks

Tasks performed may include: Displaying and demonstrating items for sale; posing for photographs, film and video, advertising, still photography or for artistic creation; answering questions and offering advice on the use of goods and services; taking orders and making arrangements for payment, delivery and collection of goods or for provision of services; selling goods and services and soliciting business by approaching potential customers by going from door to door or using the telephone or other electronic communications media; selling fuel, lubricants and other automotive products at service stations; providing services such as fuelling, cleaning, lubricating and performing minor repairs to motor vehicles.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5241 Fashion and other models 5242 Sales demonstrators 5243 Door to door salespersons 5244 Contact centre salespersons 5245 Service station attendants 5246 Food service counters attendants 5249 Sales workers not elsewhere classifiedNotesSales managers are classified in major group 122 Sales, marketing and development managers. Technical, medical and ICT sales professionals are classified in minor group 243, Sales, marketing and public relations professionals. Commercial sales and insurance representatives are classified in minor group 332, Sales and purchasing agents and brokers.

5241 Fashion and other modelsFashion and other models wear and display clothing and accessories and pose for photographs, film and video, advertising, still photography or for artistic creation.

Tasks include -(a) Dressing in sample apparel of new or current styles or of type wanted by customer;(b) Walking, turning and posing to demonstrate style and characteristics of garments, fashion accessories

and other merchandise to best advantage;


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(c) Posing as subject for sculpture, painting and other types of visual art;(d) Posing for still photography for magazines and other advertising media;(e) Posing for television, video and cinema commercials and other productions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Advertising model - Artist’s model - Fashion modelSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Actor – 2655Notes

5242 Sales demonstratorsSales demonstrators demonstrate goods at commercial premises, exhibitions and private homes.

Tasks include -(a) Setting up displays and demonstrating articles for sale to inform customers about their characteristics

and mode of use, as well as to stimulate buying interest;(b) Answering questions and offering advice on the use of goods;(c) Selling goods or directing customers to sales staff;(d) Taking orders and making arrangements for payment, delivery and collection of goods;(e) Offering sample goods and distributing catalogues and advertising material.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Demonstrator - Sales merchandiser

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Market salesperson - 5211 - Street stall salesperson - 5211 - Door to door salesperson – 5243Notes

5243 Door to door salespersonsDoor to door salespersons sell goods and services and solicit business for an establishment, by approaching or visiting potential customers, usually residents in private homes, by going from door to door.

Tasks include -(a) Giving details of various goods or services and of terms of sale by visiting clients and potential clients

door to door;(b) Demonstrating or describing goods or services on offer;(c) Recording orders and transactions and placing orders received with suppliers; (d) Preparing invoices and sales contracts and accepting payment;(e) Distributing letters, information sheets and other documents to clients;(f) Compiling lists of prospective clients and calling on them to obtain new business;(g) Travelling between sales areas and clients and transporting samples or goods for sale.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Door to door salesperson - Door to door sales representative - Party plan salespersonSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Commercial sales representative - 3322 - Street vendor – 9520Notes

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5244 Contact centre salespersonsContact centre salespersons contact existing and prospective customers, using the telephone or other electronic communications media, to promote goods and services, obtain sales and arrange sales visits. They may work from a customer contact centre or from non-centralized premises.

Tasks include -(a) Promoting goods and services by telephone or electronic mail, following scripts and working form lists

of contacts;(b) Creating interest in goods and services, and seeking a sale or agreement to see sales representatives;(c) Arranging processing and dispatch of goods and services, information kits and brochures to customers;(d) Arranging appointments for sales representatives;(e) Recording notes for follow-up action and updating marketing databases to reflect changes to the status

of each customer;(f) Reporting competitor activities and issues raised by contacts for attention by managers;(g) Maintaining statistics of calls made and successes achieved;(h) Submitting periodic reports on telemarketing activities and results.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Telemarketing salesperson, - Call centre salesperson, - Customer contact centre salesperson, - Internet salesperson - Telemarketer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Contact centre information clerk – 4222Notes

5245 Service station attendantsService station attendants sell fuel, lubricants and other automotive products and provide services such as fuelling, cleaning, lubricating and performing minor repairs to motor vehicles.(a) Filling fuel tanks and containers to level specified by customer; (b) Checking and replenishing air pressure in vehicle tyres, and oil and other vehicle fluid levels; (c) Washing vehicle windscreens and windows;(d) Performing minor repair work to vehicles such as replacing tyres, light bulbs and windscreen wiper

blades;(e) Maintaining and operating automatic car wash facilities;(f) Collecting payments from customers for purchases;(g) Cleaning petrol pumps and surrounding driveway, shop and facilities; (h) Undertaking stock control and preparing reports on fuel, oil, accessories and other items sold.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Marina attendant - Service station attendant

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Service station cashier - 5230 Shop sales assistant - 5223 Food service counter attendant – 5246NotesWorkers who accept payment or sell goods in shops at service stations but do not provide forecourt services such as assistance with fuel, lubricants, cleaning and maintenance are excluded from Unit group 5245, Service station attendants.

5246 Food service counters attendantsFood service counter attendants serve customers at food counters and finish preparation of simple food items in restaurants, cafes, hotels, fast food outlets, cafeterias, hospitals and other settings.


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Tasks include -(a) Serving food to customers at counters; (b) Ascertaining the products desired by the customer, assisting customer in making a choice and taking

orders; (c) Cleaning, peeling, slicing and trimming foodstuffs using manual and electric appliances; (d) Preparing simple food items and reheating prepared meals;(e) Portioning and wrapping food or placing it directly on plates for service to patrons; (f) Packaging take-away food;(g) Stocking refrigerators, salad and buffet bars and keeping records of the quantities of food used; (h) Receiving payment for food items purchased.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cafeteria counter attendant - Salad bar attendantSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Cook - 5120 Kiosk salesperson - 5211 Market salesperson - 5211 Street stall salesperson - 5211 Waiter - 5131 Bartender - 5132 Fast food preparer – 9411NotesVendors from street and market stalls of fresh food products not intended for immediate consumption (such as fruit, vegetables, meat and dairy products) are classified in unit group 5211 Stall and market salespersons. Vendors from street and market stalls of a variety of prepared meals and food items for immediate consumption are classified in unit group 5246, Food service counter attendants. Vendors in streets and public places of food and beverages for immediate consumption from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in unit group 5212, Street food salespersons. Vendors in streets and public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items such as confectionary) from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in unit group 9520, Street vendors (excluding food). Workers who prepare simple food items for immediate consumption, such as hamburger cooks, but have limited direct contact with clients, are classified in unit group 9411, Fast food preparers. If adapting these categories to national circumstances please note that the aim of separately identifying vendors of food items for immediate consumption is to ensure that jobs that require skills in service, basic preparation and hygienic handling of food are identified. Food service counter attendants generally serve a wider range of more elaborate products and meals than Street food salespersons and do not generally transport or carry food on hand carts or in baskets.

5249 Sales workers not elsewhere classifiedThis unit group includes sales workers not classified elsewhere in sub major group 52, Sales workers.Examples of the occupations classified here: Rental salespersonNotes

53 Personal care workersPersonal care workers provide care, supervision and assistance for children, patients and elderly, convalescent or disabled persons in institutional and residential settings.Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include:Assisting with mobility, washing and other personal needs; assisting children individually to learn social skills; supervising and participating in activities that enhance the childs’ physical, social, emotional and intellectual development in schools and preschool; observing and reporting concerns to appropriate medical or social service worker.Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 531 Child care workers and teachers’ aides 532 Personal care workers in health servicesNotes

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531 Child care workers and teachers’ aides

Child care workers and teachers’ aides provide care and supervision for children in schools, residential homes and child care facilities.

Tasks performed usually include: Assisting children individually to learn social skills; demonstrating, supervising and participating in activities that enhance the physical, social, emotional and intellectual development of children in schools and preschools; assisting in preparation of materials and equipment for children’s education and recreational activities before-school, after-school, during vacation and in day care centers.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5311 Child care workers 5312 Teachers’ aidesNotes

5311 Child care workers

Child-care workers provide care and supervision for children in residential homes and in before-school, after-school, vacation and day care centers.

Tasks include -(a) Assisting children to wash dress and feed themselves;(b) Taking children to and from school or outdoors for recreation;(c) Playing games with children, or entertaining them by reading or storytelling;(d) Assisting in the preparation of materials and equipment for children’s education and recreational

activities; (e) Managing children’s behavior and guiding their social development; (f) Disciplining children and recommending or initiating other measures to control behavior, such as

caring for own clothing and picking up toys and books; (g) Observing and monitoring children’s play activities; (h) Keeping records on individual children, including daily observations and information about activities,

meals served, and medications administered.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Baby-sitter - Child care worker - Creche ayah - Family day care worker - Nanny - Out of school hours care workerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Early childhood educator – 2342Notes

5312 Teachers’ aides

Teachers’ aides perform non-teaching duties to assist teaching staff, and provide care and supervision for children in schools and pre-schools.

Tasks include -(a) Demonstrating, supervising and participating in activities that enhance the physical, social, emotional

and intellectual development of children in schools and preschools;(b) Preparing indoor and outdoor areas for learning and recreational activities;(c) Assisting children with intellectual, physical, behavioral and other learning difficulties with their

studies;(d) Assisting children individually to learn social skills;(e) Assisting with preparing teaching materials, and copying and collating written and printed material;


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(f) Operating audio-visual equipment, computers and other teaching aides;(g) Distributing and collecting lesson material.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Pre-school assistant - Teacher’s assistantNotes

532 Personal care workers in health servicesPersonal care workers in health services provide personal care and assistance with mobility and activities of daily living to patients, and elderly, convalescent and disabled people in health care and residential settings.

Tasks performed usually include: Assisting patients with mobility, personal care and communication needs; sterilizing surgical and other instruments and equipment; observing and reporting concerns to the appropriate medical or social service workers, preparing patients for examination and treatment and participating in planning the care of individuals.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5321 Health care assistants 5322 Home-based personal care workers 5329 Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classifiedNotes

5321 Health care assistantsHealth care assistants provide direct personal care and assistance with activities of daily living to patients and residents in a variety of health care settings such as hospitals, clinics, and residential nursing care facilities. They generally work in implementation of established care plans and practices, and under the direct supervision of medical, nursing or other health professionals or associate professionals.

Tasks include -(a) providing care, support and treatment to patients and residents of medical, rehabilitative and

residential care facilities as per treatment plans established by medical, nursing and other health professionals;

(b) assisting patients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as personal hygiene, feeding, dressing, physical mobility and exercise, communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings;

(c) Positioning, lifting and turning patients and transporting them in wheelchairs or on movable beds;(d) Maintaining patients’ environmental hygiene standards, such as cleaning patient rooms and changing

bed-linen;(e) Providing massage and other non-pharmacological pain relief measures, such as during pregnancy

and labour(f) Observing patients’ condition, responses and behavior and reporting changes to a health professional;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Birth assistant (clinic or hospital) - Nursing aide (clinic or hospital) - Patient care assistant - Psychiatric aidSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Nurse (professional) - 2221 - Nurse (associate professional) - 3221 - Ambulance worker - 3258 - Nursing aide (home) – 5322NotesWorkers who provide personal care to residents of institutions and facilities that have permanent medical or nursing supervision (such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, residential nursing care facilities and nursing homes) and therefore work under the direct supervision of nurses, medical doctors, or other health professionals or associate professionals are classified in Unit group 5321, Health care assistants. Workers who provide personal care to residents of independent living units, generally without permanent medical

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or nursing supervision, should be classified in Unit Group 5322, Home-based personal care workers. In general, workers classified in Minor group 532, Personal care workers in health services, do not perform tasks requiring extensive medical knowledge or training, such as administering medications and cleaning and dressing wounds: where tasks of this type are performed they are of a simple and routine nature.

5322 Home-based personal care workersHome-based personal care workers provide routine personal care and assistance with activities of daily living to persons who are in need of such care due to effects of ageing, illness, injury, or other physical or mental condition in private homes and other independent residential settings.

Tasks include -(a) Assisting clients with personal and therapeutic care needs such as personal hygiene, feeding, dressing,

physical mobility and exercise, communication, taking oral medications and changing dressings, usually as per care plans established by a health professional

(b) Maintaining records of client care, changes in condition and responses to care and treatment, and reporting concerns or providing referrals to a health or social services professional;

(c) Positioning and lifting clients with physical mobility challenges, and helping transport them in wheelchairs and motor vehicles;

(d) Providing clients and families with emotional support and information and advice on topics such as nutrition, hygiene, exercise, caring for infants, or adapting to disability or illness;

(e) Maintaining clients’ environmental hygiene standards, such as changing bed linen, washing clothes and dishes, and cleaning living quarters;

(f) Providing psychological support to clients such as through conversation or reading aloud; (g) Planning, purchasing, preparing, or serving meals to meet nutritional requirements and prescribed

diets;(h) Providing support to parents and care for newborns during the postpartum period(i) Scheduling and accompanying clients for appointments with medical doctors and other health

professionals or performing other errands.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Home care aide - Home birth assistant - Nursing aide (home) - Personal care provider

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Nurse (professional) - 2221 - Social worker (professional) - 2635 - Nurse (associate professional) - 3221 - Social worker (associate professional) - 3412 - Nursing aide (clinic or hospital) – 5321NotesWorkers who provide personal care to residents of medical and health care facilities that have permanent medical or nursing supervision (such as in hospitals and nursing care homes), and therefore work under the direct supervision of health professionals or associate professionals, are classified in Unit group 5321, Health care assistants. Workers who provide personal care in independent residential settings (including retirement communities with minimal or no on-site medical or nursing supervision), are classified in Unit Group 5322, Home-based personal care workers. Home birth assistants, who provide emotional support and general care and advice to women and families during pregnancy and labour, but not delivery care to reduce health risks, are included here. Care workers who provide care and supervision for children in residential home and care centers are classified in unit group 5311, Child care workers.

5329 Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classifiedThis unit group covers personal care workers in health services not classified elsewhere in Minor group 532 Personal care workers in health services. For instance the group includes occupations such as Dental aid, Sterilization aid, and Hospital orderly, Medical imaging assistant, and Pharmacy aid.In such cases tasks would include -(a) Cleaning and sterilizing surgical, dental and pharmaceutical instruments bottles, beakers and other

equipment;


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(b) Labeling drugs, chemicals and other pharmaceutical preparations and replenishing stock on shelves;(c) Lifting, turning, and moving patients and transporting them in wheelchairs or on moveable beds;(d) Preparing patients for examination or treatment;(e) Setting up instrument trays, preparing materials, and assisting dentists or radiographers during

procedures;(f) Exposing diagnostic X-rays.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dental aid - First-aid attendant - Hospital orderly - Medical imaging assistant - Pharmacy aid - Phlebotomist - Sterilization aidNotes

54 Protective services workers

Protective services workers protect individuals and property against fire and other hazards, maintain law and order and enforce laws and regulations.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Preventing, fighting and extinguishing fires; rescuing people from burning buildings and accident sites and those trapped in dangerous situations; maintaining law and order, enforcing laws and regulations, patrolling public areas and arresting suspected offenders; directing traffic and assuming authority in the event of accidents; watching over and maintaining order among inmates of prisons, reformatories or penitentiaries; patrolling or monitoring premises to guard property against theft and vandalism, controlling access to establishments and maintaining order and enforcing regulations at public events and within establishments. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 541 Protective services workersNotes

541 Protective services workers

Protective services workers protect individuals and property against fire and other hazards, maintain law and order and enforce laws and regulations.

Tasks performed usually include: Preventing, fighting and extinguishing fires; rescuing people from burning buildings and accident sites and those trapped in dangerous situations; maintaining law and order, enforcing laws and regulations, patrolling public areas and arresting suspected offenders; directing traffic and assuming authority in the event of accidents; watching over and maintaining order among inmates of prisons, reformatories or penitentiaries; patrolling or monitoring premises to guard property against theft and vandalism, controlling access to establishments and maintaining order and enforcing regulations at public events and within establishments. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 5411 Fire-fighters 5412 Police officers 5413 Prison guards 5414 Security guards 5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

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5411 Firefighters

Firefighters prevent, fight and extinguish fires and assist in other emergencies, protect life and property and conduct rescue efforts.

Tasks include -(a) Responding to fire alarms and other calls for assistance, such as automobile and industrial accidents,

bomb threats and other emergencies;(b) Controlling and extinguishing fires using manual and power equipment and firefighting chemicals;(c) Fighting special types of fires and using special equipment in industrial establishments;(d) Rescuing people from burning buildings and accident sites and those trapped in dangerous situations;(e) Preventing or limiting the spread of dangerous substances in case of fires or accidents;(f) Informing the public about fire prevention.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Firefighter - Forest firefighterSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Fire inspector - 3112 - Fire prevention specialist - 3112 - Fire investigator – 3119Notes

5412 Police officers

Police officers maintain law and order, patrolling public areas, enforcing laws and regulations and arresting suspected offenders.

Tasks include -(a) Patrolling a specific area to maintain public order, respond to emergencies, protect people and

property and enforce laws and regulations;(b) Identifying, pursuing and arresting suspects and perpetrators of criminal acts;(c) Directing traffic and assuming authority in the event of accidents;(d) Providing emergency assistance to victims of accidents, crimes and natural disasters;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Constable - Police patrol officer - Police officerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Police chief constable - 1112 - Police commissioner - 1112 - Police inspector-general - 1112 - Police detective - 3355 - Police inspector – 3355Notes

5413 Prison guards

Prison guards watch over and maintain order among inmates of prisons, reformatories or penitentiaries.

Tasks include -(a) Searching arriving prisoners, putting their valuables in safekeeping, escorting prisoners to cells and

locking them in;(b) Making periodic inspection tours of cells and inspecting and maintaining the security of locks,

windows, doors and gates;(c) Supervising prisoners at work, meals, or during recreation periods;(d) Observing the conduct and behavior of prisoners to prevent disturbances and escapes;


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(e) Patrolling prison areas to prevent escape;(f) Assisting with the implementation of rehabilitation programs;(g) Escorting prisoners in transit and during temporary leaves;.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Prison guardNotes

5414 Security guards

Security guards patrol or monitor premises to guard property against theft and vandalism. They control access to establishments and maintain order and enforce regulations at public events and within establishments.

Tasks include -(a) Patrolling premises and checking doors, windows and gates to prevent and detect signs of unauthorized

entry;(b) Controlling access to establishments, monitoring and authorizing the entrance or departure of

employees and visitors, checking identification and issuing security passes;(c) Circulating among visitors, patrons, or employees to preserve order, protect property from theft or

vandalism and enforce the regulations of the establishment;(d) Responding to alarms, investigating disturbances and contacting superiors, police or fire-fighters as

appropriate;(e) Performing security checks of passengers and luggage at airports;(f) Picking up and ensuring the safe delivery of cash and valuables to banks, automated teller machines

and retail establishments.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bodyguard - Doorkeeper - Museum guard - Security guard - Security patrolman/woman - Watchman/womanSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Lifeguard - 5419 - Beach patrolman/woman – 5419Notes

5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers protective services workers not classified elsewhere in Minor group 541, Protective services workers. For instance, the group includes lifeguards, crossing guards and animal control officers.

Tasks include -(a) Patrolling beaches and swimming pools to prevent accidents and to rescue bathers from drowning;(b) Monitoring traffic flow to locate safe gaps through which pedestrians can cross streets;(c) responding to citizen complaints concerning stray domestic animals, livestock and wildlife, issuing

warnings and citations to owners and impounding lost, homeless and dangerous animals;(c) Patrolling an assigned area to enforce parking regulations;(e) Directing traffic.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Animal control officer - Beach patrolman/woman - Game warden - Crossing guard - Lifeguard - Traffic warden

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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Doorkeeper - 5414 - Museum guard - 5414 - Watchman - 5414 - Watchwoman – 5414Notes

6 Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workersSkilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, gather wild fruits and plants, breed, tend or hunt animals, produce a variety of animal husbandry products, cultivate, conserve and exploit forests, breed or catch fish and cultivate or gather other forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and income for themselves and their households. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the second ISCO skill level.

Tasks performed by skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers usually include: Preparing the soil; sowing, planting, spraying, fertilizing and harvesting field crops; growing fruit and other tree and shrub crops; growing garden vegetables and horticultural products; gathering wild fruits and plants; breeding, raising, tending or hunting animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, fur, skin, sericulture, apiarian or other products; cultivating, conserving and exploiting forests; breeding or catching fish; cultivating or gathering other forms of aquatic life; storing and carrying out some basic processing of their produce; selling their products to purchasers, marketing organizations or at markets. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 61 Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers 62 Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers 63 Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherersNotes

61 Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers

Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops and produce a variety of animals and animal products for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Preparing the soil; sowing, planting, spraying, fertilizing and harvesting field crops, growing fruit and other tree and shrub crops; growing garden vegetables and horticultural products; ; raising, breeding and tending animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, fur, skin, sericulture, apiarian or other products; storing and carrying out some processing of t produce; selling their products to purchasers, marketing organizations or at markets. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 611 Market gardeners and crop growers 612 Animal producers 613 Mixed crop and animal producersNotes

611 Market gardeners and crop growers

Market gardeners and crop growers plan, organize and perform operations to grow and harvest field crops, to grow fruit and other tree and shrub crops, to grow garden vegetables and medicinal and other plants, and to produce horticultural and horticultural nurseries products, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.


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Tasks performed usually include: Monitoring market activity and conditions, determining types and quantities of crops to be grown, and planning and coordinating production accordingly; purchasing seeds, bulbs and fertilizer; investing in land and land improvements; preparing land, sowing, planting, cultivating and harvesting various crops; tending working animals and maintaining farm buildings, machinery and equipment; producing saplings, bulbs and seeds; storing and carrying out some processing of produce; delivering or marketing farm products. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6111 Field crop and vegetable growers 6112 Tree and shrub crop growers 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers 6114 Mixed crop growersNotes

6111 Field crop and vegetable growers

Crop and vegetable growers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest various types of field crop such as wheat and other cereals, rice, beetroot, sugar-cane, ground-nuts, tobacco, reed or other field crops and potatoes, cabbages or other field vegetables, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks include -(a) Monitoring market activity and conditions, determining types and quantities of crops to be grown and

planning and coordinating production accordingly;(b) Preparing soil by hand or machine, and spreading fertilizers and manure;(c) Selecting and sowing seeds, and planting seedlings;(d) Maintaining crops by cultivating soil, by transplanting, pruning or thinning plants, and by setting up

and operating irrigation equipment;(e) Controlling weeds, pests and diseases, by applying herbicides and pesticides;(f) Harvesting crops and destroying diseased or superfluous crops;(g) Inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging, storing and loading crops for sale or delivery to market;(h) Tending working animals and maintaining farm buildings, structures, equipment and water supply

systems;(i) Storing and carrying out some processing of produce;(j) Promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of produce and

supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of farm activities and transactions;(k) Training and supervising workers in crop production, maintenance duties, and health and safety

precautions and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cereal farmer - Cotton farmer - Rice farmer - Skilled farm worker (field crops) - Sugar-cane growerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Agricultural production manager - 1311 - Crop farm labourer – 9211Notes

6112 Tree and shrub crop growers

Tree and shrub crop growers plan organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest trees and shrubs, such as fruit and nut trees, tea and coffee bushes, grape vines, berry-bearing bushes, cocoa trees and rubber trees and to collect sap, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

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planning and coordinating production accordingly; (b) Preparing soil by hand or machine, and spreading fertilizers and manure;(c) Selecting and sowing seeds, and planting seedlings;(d) Maintaining crops by cultivating soil, by transplanting, pruning or thinning trees and shrubs, and by

setting up and operating irrigation equipment;(e) Controlling weeds, pests and diseases, by applying herbicides and pesticides;(f) Tending trees or bushes, collecting sap and harvesting crops;(g) Inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging, storing and loading crops for sale or delivery to market;(h) Tending working animals and maintaining farm buildings, structures, equipment and water supply


supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of farm activities and transactions;(k) Training and supervising workers in crop production, maintenance duties, and health and safety

precautions and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Rubber tapper - Fruit farmer - Rubber farmer - Tea grower - Viticulturist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Plantation manager - 1311 - Fruit picker – 9211Notes

6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers

Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers plan organize and perform operations to cultivate and maintain trees, shrubs, flowers and other plants in parks and private gardens, and to produce saplings, bulbs and seeds, or grow vegetables and flowers by intensive cultivation techniques, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks include -(a) Monitoring market activity and conditions determining kinds and amounts of vegetables, horticultural

and nursery products to be grown and planning and coordinating production accordingly;(b) Preparing land by conditioning soil, leveling ground and installing and operating irrigation and

drainage systems;(c) Planting trees, hedges, garden plants, grass;(d) Pruning and trimming trees, shrubs and hedges, installing plant supports and protection, and rolling,

mowing aerating and edging lawns;(e) Constructing features and facilities within gardens, such as paths or paved areas, walls, rockeries,

garden beds ponds and water features, sheds and fences;(f) Checking the health of plants and trees, identifying and treating weeds, pests and diseases, and

applying mulch and fertilizers;(g) Producing saplings, bulbs and seeds and raising plants from seeds or cuttings;(h) Harvesting crops inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging, storing and loading products for sale or

delivery to market;(i) Maintaining buildings, greenhouses and other structures, equipment and water supply systems;(j) Storing and carrying out some processing of produce;(k) Promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of produce and

supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of activities and transactions;(l) Training and supervising workers in production, maintenance duties, and health and safety precautions

and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Horticulturist - Landscape gardener - Market gardener - Mushroom cultivator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Horticultural scientist - 2132 - Garden labourer - 9214 - Horticultural labourer – 9214Notes

6114 Mixed crop growers

Mixed crop growers plan organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest specific combinations of field crops, field vegetables, tree and shrub crops, and garden, horticultural and nursery products, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.


planning and coordinating production accordingly; (b) Preparing soil by hand or machine, and spreading fertilizers and manure;(c) Selecting and sowing seeds, and planting seedlings;(d) Maintaining crops by cultivating soil, by transplanting, pruning or thinning crops trees and shrubs,

and by setting up and operating irrigation equipment;(e) Growing flowers and vegetables by intensive cultivation;(f) Producing saplings, bulbs and seeds;(g) Harvesting crops inspecting, cleaning, grading, packaging, storing and loading products for sale or

delivery to market;(h) Tending working animals and maintaining farm buildings, structures, equipment and water supply


supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of activities and transactions;(k) Training and supervising workers in production, maintenance duties, and health and safety precautions

and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Mixed crop farmer - Skilled farm worker (mixed crops)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Agricultural production manager - 1311 - Plantation manager - 1311 - Crop farm labourer - 9211 - Fruit picker – 9211Notes

612 Animal producers

Animal producers plan, organize and perform farming operations to breed and raise domesticated animals, poultry, insects and non-domesticated animals for the production of meat, dairy products, honey, skins, textiles and other products or for use as working, sporting or recreational animals, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

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Task performed usually include: Monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts of products to produce, planning and coordinating production accordingly; raising, feeding and tending animals; preparing animals or animal products for market; monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury, or disease, and to check physical condition such as rate of weight gain; performing duties related to animal reproduction, such as breeding, artificial insemination, and helping with animal births; renting or investing in and maintaining and cleaning buildings, machinery, equipment , and structures; storing and carrying out some processing of produce; promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of stock, produce and supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of activities and transactions; training and supervising workers in animal care procedures, maintenance duties, and health and safety precautions and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6121 Livestock and dairy producers 6122 Poultry producers 6123 Apiarists and sericulturists 6129 Animal producers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

6121 Livestock and dairy producers

Livestock and dairy producers plan, organize and perform farming operations to breed and raise domesticated animals (excluding poultry), such as cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses and camels, for the production of meat, milk and other dairy products, skins, and wool or for use as working, sporting or recreational animals for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks include -(a) Monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts of stock to produce,

planning and coordinating production accordingly;(b) Cultivating pastures and providing and monitoring fodder and water supplies to maintain appropriate

nutritional levels and condition of livestock;(c) Monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury, or disease and to check physical condition

such as rate of weight gain;(d) Grooming, marking, clipping, trimming, drenching and/or castrating animals and shearing coats to

collect hair or wool;(e) Herding livestock to pastures for grazing or to scales, sheds, vehicles, or other enclosures;(f) Milking animals by hand or using milking machines;(g) Mixing feed, additives, and medicines in prescribed portions and distributing or hand-feeding to

animals for consumption; (h) Performing duties related to livestock reproduction, such as breeding, artificial insemination, and

helping with animal births; (i) Maintaining and cleaning farm buildings, machinery, equipment, and structures;(j) Slaughtering and skinning animals and preparing them for market;(k) Storing and carrying out some processing of animal and dairy produce;(l) Promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of livestock,

produce and supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of farm activities and transactions;(m) Training and supervising workers in animal care procedures, maintenance duties, and health and

safety precautions and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cattle farmer - Dairy farmer - Dog breeder - Drover - Goat farmer - Horse breeder - Shearer - Sheep farmer - Shepherd - Stockman/woman


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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Agricultural production manager - 1311 - Ranch manager – 1311Notes

Workers who produce a combination of domestic livestock and other animals such as poultry, insects and non-domesticated animals should be classified according to their predominant activity. Those who produce and store hay and other fodder for later consumption, primarily by livestock for which they are responsible, are classified in unit group 6121, Livestock and dairy producers.

6122 Poultry producers

Poultry producers plan, organize and perform farming operations to breed and raise chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks and other poultry to produce meat, eggs and breeding stock for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks include -(a) Monitoring market activity, planning and coordinating production accordingly, maintaining and

evaluating records of farming activities;(b) Growing and purchasing feed and other supplies needed to maintain appropriate nutritional levels

and condition of poultry;(c) Monitoring and examining poultry to detect illness, injury, or disease, and to check physical condition,

such as rate of weight gain, and removing weak, ill and dead poultry from flock;(d) Mixing feed and feed additives and filling feed and water containers; (e) Vaccinating poultry via drinking water, injection, or dusting of air; (f) Collecting and storing eggs and packaging them for sale delivery to market;(g) Determining sex of chicks and facilitating breeding, artificial insemination, and hatching of eggs; (h) Renting or investing in and maintaining and cleaning farm buildings, machinery, equipment, and

structures;(i) Slaughtering and dressing poultry for sale or delivery to market;(j) Storing and carrying out some processing of produce;(k) Arranging the sale, purchase and transportation stock, produce and supplies;(l) Training and supervising workers in poultry production procedures, maintenance duties, and health

and safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Poultry breeder - Poultry farmer - Poultry tenderNotes

Workers who produce a combination of domestic livestock and other animals such as poultry, insects and non-domesticated animals should be classified according to their predominant activity

6123 Apiarists and sericulturists

Apiarists and sericulturists plan organize and perform operations to breed, raise and tend insects such as honey bees, silkworms, and other species to produce honey, beeswax, silk and other products for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks include -(a) Monitoring market activity, planning and coordinating production accordingly, monitoring market

activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts of insect products to produce, planning and coordinating production accordingly;

(b) Purchasing insects and growing or purchasing feed and other supplies;(c) Breeding, raising and tending insects and collecting their products;(d) Renting or investing in and maintaining and cleaning buildings, machinery, equipment, and structures;(e) Storing and carrying out some processing of produce;(f) Arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of stock, produce and supplies and maintaining and

evaluating records of farming activities;(g) Training and supervising workers in production procedures, maintenance duties, and health and

safety precautions, and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

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Examples of occupations classified here: - Apiarist - SericulturistNotes

6129 Animal producers not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers market-oriented animal producers not classified elsewhere in Minor group 612, Animal producers. For instance, the group includes those engaged in breeding, raising and tending non-domesticated mammals, game and other birds (except poultry), snails, snakes and other reptiles, as well as various insects and animals used for laboratory tests, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations, zoos and circuses, or at markets.

In such cases tasks would include -(a) Monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts of products to produce,

planning and coordinating production accordingly;(b) Raising, feeding and tending animals;(c) Killing and skinning animals, and preparing animals or animal products for market;(d) Monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury, or disease and to check physical condition

such as rate of weight gain;(e) Performing duties related to animal reproduction, such as breeding, artificial insemination, and

helping with animal births; (f) Renting or investing in and maintaining and cleaning buildings, machinery, equipment , and structures;(g) Slaughtering and skinning animals and preparing them for market;(h) Storing and carrying out some processing of produce;(i) promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of stock, produce

and supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of activities and transactions;(j) Training and supervising workers in animal care procedures, maintenance duties, and health and

safety precautions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Crocodile farmer - Fur farmer (non-domesticated animals) - Game bird breeder - Ostrich farmer - Snail breeder

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Pet groomer - 5164 - Zoo keeper - 5164 - Game warden - 5419 - Poultry breeder – 6122Notes

613 Mixed crop and animal producers

Mixed crop and animal producers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field, tree and various other crops, as well as to breed, raise and tend animals and to produce a variety of animal husbandry products, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks performed usually include: Monitoring market activity, planning and coordinating production accordingly, monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts of crops to be grown and animals to be raised, and planning and coordinating production accordingly; purchasing seeds, fertilizer, and other supplies; performing operations such as land preparation, sowing, planting, cultivating and harvesting crops; producing or buying fodder and other food supplies; breeding, raising and tending animals; killing and skinning animals, and preparing animals or animal products for market; renting or investing in and maintaining and cleaning farm buildings, machinery, equipment , and structures; storing and carrying out some processing of produce;


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promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of livestock, produce and supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of farm activities and transactions; training and supervising workers in animal care procedures, maintenance duties, and health and safety precautions and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6130 Mixed crop and animal producersNotes

6130 Mixed crop and animal producers

Mixed crop and animal producers plan, organize and perform farming operations to grow and harvest field, tree and various other crops, as well as to breed, raise and tend animals and to produce a variety of animal husbandry products, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks include -(a) Monitoring market activity and conditions, determining kinds and amounts of crops to be grown and

animals to be raised, and planning and coordinating production accordingly;(b) Purchasing seeds, fertilizer, and other supplies;(c) Performing operations such as land preparation, sowing, planting, cultivating and harvesting crops;(d) Producing or buying fodder and other food supplies;(e) Breeding, raising and tending animals;(f) Killing and skinning animals, and preparing animals or animal products for market;(g) Renting or investing in and maintaining and cleaning farm buildings, machinery, equipment, and

structures;(h) Storing and carrying out some processing of produce;(i) Promoting and marketing products, arranging the sale, purchase and transportation of livestock,

produce and supplies and maintaining and evaluating records of farm activities and transactions;(j) Training and supervising workers in animal care procedures, maintenance duties, and health and

safety precautions and hiring and discharging workers and contractors.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Farmer (mixed farming) - Skilled farm worker (mixed farming)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Agricultural production manager – 1311 - Plantation manager - 1311 - Mixed farm labourer – 9213Notes

62 Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workersMarket-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers plan, organize and perform operations to cultivate, conserve and exploit natural and plantation forests, breed and raise fish, harvest and catch fish and hunt and trap animals, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks performed by workers in these sub-major groups usually include: Renting or investing, equipment and machinery and purchasing supplies; planning and undertaking forestry, aquaculture, fishery and hunting operations; maintaining buildings, tanks, machinery, and other equipment; delivering or marketing products; supervising and training other workers.Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 621 Forestry and related workers 622 Fishery workers, hunters and trappersNotes

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621 Forestry and related workers

Forestry and related workers plan organize and perform operations to cultivate, conserve and exploit natural and plantation forests.

Tasks usually include; Assessing sites for reforestation, selecting seedlings and planting trees using manual planting tools and establishing and caring for forest stands; locating trees to be felled and estimating volume of timber; operating chainsaw and other power saws to thin young forest stands, trim, top and fell trees and saw them into logs; shaping rough wooden products from logs at felling site; stacking logs and loading them in chutes or floating them down rivers; keeping watch to detect forest fires, participating in fire fighting operations complete fire fighting reports and maintaining firefighting equipment; controlling weeds and undergrowth in regenerating forest stands using manual tools and chemicals; operating and maintaining a skidder, bulldozer or other prime mover to pull a variety of scarification or site preparation equipment over areas to be regenerated; collecting seed cones, pruning trees, assisting in planting surveys and marking trees for subsequent operations; training and supervising other workers in forestry procedures, including forestry labourers and plant operators.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6210 Forestry and related workersNotes

6210 Forestry and related workers

Forestry and related workers plan organize and perform operations to cultivate, conserve and exploit natural and plantation forests.

Tasks include -(a) Assessing sites for reforestation, selecting seedlings and planting trees using manual planting tools and

establishing and caring for forest stands;(b) Locating trees to be felled and estimating volume of timber; (c) operating chainsaw and other power saws to thin young forest stands, trim, top and fell trees and saw

them into logs;(d) Shaping rough wooden products from logs at felling site;(e) Stacking logs and loading them in chutes or floating them down rivers;(f) keeping watch to detect forest fires, participating in fire fighting operations, completing fire fighting

reports and maintaining firefighting equipment;(g) Controlling weeds and undergrowth in regenerating forest stands using manual tools and chemicals;(h) Operating and maintaining a skidder, bulldozer or other prime mover to pull a variety of scarification

or site preparation equipment over areas to be regenerated;(i) Collecting seed cones, pruning trees, assisting in planting surveys and marking trees for subsequent

operations;(j) Training and supervising other workers in forestry procedures, including forestry labourers and plant

operators.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Charcoal burner - Logger - Logging climber - Skilled forestry worker - Timber cruiser - Tree feller

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Silviculturist - 2132 - Forestry technician - 3143 - Tree faller operator - 8341 - Forestry labourer – 9215Notes


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622 Fishery workers, hunters and trappersFishery workers, hunters and trappers breed and raise fish, harvest and catch fish and hunt and trap animals, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks usually include: breeding, raising and cultivating fish, mussels, oysters and other forms of aquatic life as cash crops or for release into freshwater or saltwater; monitoring environments to ensure maintenance of optimum conditions for aquatic life; cleaning, freezing, icing or salting catch on- or offshore and preparing fish and other products for shipment; renting or investing in and maintaining buildings, tanks, machinery, fishing vessels and other equipment; preparing and repairing nets and other fishing gear and equipment; operating fishing vessels to, from and at fishing grounds; baiting, setting, operating and hauling in fishing gear; setting traps to catch mammals, birds or reptiles; delivering or marketing products; supervising and training other workers.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6221 Aquaculture workers 6222 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers 6223 Deep-sea fishery workers 6224 Hunters and trappersNotes

6221 Aquaculture workersAquaculture workers breed and raise fish and cultivate mussels, oysters and other forms of aquatic life, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks include -(a) Breeding, raising and cultivating fish, mussels, oysters and other forms of aquatic life as cash crops or

for release into freshwater or saltwater;(b) Collecting and recording growth, production, and environmental data;(c) Conducting and supervising stock examinations in order to identify diseases or parasites;(d) Monitoring environments to ensure maintenance of optimum conditions for aquatic life;(e) Directing and monitoring trapping and spawning of fish, egg incubation, and fry rearing, applying

knowledge of management and fish culturing techniques;(f) Cleaning, freezing, icing or salting catch on- or offshore and preparing fish and other products for

shipment;(g) Maintaining buildings, tanks, machinery, boats and other equipment;(h) Delivering or marketing products;(i) Renting or investing in buildings, equipment and machinery and purchasing food and other supplies;(j) Supervising and training aquaculture and fish hatchery support workers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Algae cultivator - Fish farmer - Oyster farmer - Pearl cultivator - Seafood farmer - Skilled fish farm worker - Skilled seafood farm worker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Aquaculture production manager - 1312 - Aquaculture labourer – 9216Notes

6222 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers

Inland and coastal waters fishery workers, alone or as members of fishing-vessel crews, catch fish or gather other forms of aquatic life in inland or coastal waters, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

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Tasks include -(a) Preparing and repairing nets and other fishing gear and equipment;(b) Selecting area for fishing, plotting courses and computing navigational positions using compass, charts

and other aids;(c) Operating fishing vessels to, from and at fishing grounds;(d) Baiting, setting, operating and hauling in fishing gear by hand or using hoisting equipment;(e) Gathering various forms of aquatic life from shores and shallow waters;(f) Maintaining engine fishing gear and other on-board equipment;(g) Keeping records of transactions, fishing activities, weather and sea conditions and estimating costs and

budgets;(h) Sorting, and storing catch in holds with salt and ice;(i) Removing catches from fishing equipment, measuring them to ensure compliance with legal size and

returning undesirable or illegal catches to the water;(j) Direct fishing operations, and supervising fishing crew members.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Coastal fishery skipper - Examples of the occupations classified here: - Fisherman/woman (coastal waters) - Fisherwoman/man (inland waters)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Fishing operations manager - 1312 - Deep sea fisherman/woman - 6223 - Fishing labourer – 9216Notes

6223 Deep-sea fishery workersDeep-sea fishery workers, as skippers or members of fishing vessel crews, catch deep-sea fish, for sale or delivery to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing and repairing nets and other fishing gear and equipment;(b) Commanding and operating fishing vessels to form and at deep-sea fishing grounds;(c) Determining areas for fishing, plotting courses and computing navigational positions using compass,

charts, tables and other aids;(d) Steering vessels and operating navigational instruments and electronic fishing aids;(e) Directing fishing operations and supervising crew activities;(f) Recording fishing progress, activities, weather and sea conditions on ship’s log;(g) Baiting, setting and hauling in fishing gear;(h) Cleaning, freezing, icing or salting catch on- or offshore;(i) Selecting and training vessel crews.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Deep sea fisherman/woman - Trawler skipper

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Fishing operations manager - 1312 - Fisherman/woman (coastal waters) - 6222 - Fisherman/woman (inland waters) - 6222 - Coastal fishery skipper - 6222 - Fishing labourer – 9216Notes

6224 Hunters and trappersHunters and trappers catch and kill mammals, birds or reptiles mainly for meat, skin, feathers and other products, for sale or delivery on a regular basis to wholesale buyers, marketing organizations or at markets


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Tasks include -(a) Setting traps to catch mammals, birds or reptiles;(b) Killing trapped or free mammals, birds or reptiles with firearms or other weapons;(c) Skinning and otherwise treating killed mammals, birds or reptiles to obtain desired products for sale

or delivery;(d) Delivering or selling trapped live mammals, birds or reptiles;(e) Repairing and maintaining equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Fur trapper - Seal hunter - Whale hunterNotes

63 Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherersSubsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit, gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants, tend or hunt animals, catch fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major grop usually include – Preparing the soil; sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field crops; growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub crops; gathering wild fruits, medicinal and other plants; breeding, tending and feeding animals and poultry mainly to obtain meat, eggs, milk, hair, skin or other products; hunting or trapping animals; catching fish and gathering other forms of aquatic life; fetching water and gathering firewood; storing produce for later use and carrying out some processing of produce; building and maintaining houses and other shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household; selling or bartering some products at local markets.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 631 Subsistence crop farmers 632 Subsistence livestock farmers 633 Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers 634 Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherersNotes

631 Subsistence crop farmersSubsistence crop farmers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit, in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Tasks usually include; Preparing the soil, sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field crops; growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub crops; fetching water and gathering firewood; storing for later use and carrying out some processing of produce; building and maintaining houses and other shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household; selling some products at local markets.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6310 Subsistence crop farmersNotes

6310 Subsistence crop farmersSubsistence crop farmers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit, in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing the soil, sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field crops;(b) Growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub crops;

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(c) Fetching water and gathering firewood;(c) Storing for later use and carrying out some processing of produce;(e) Building and maintaining houses and other shelters;(f) Making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;(g) Selling some products at local markets.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Subsistence crop farmer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Farm labourer - 9211 - Firewood collector- 9624 - Water collector- 9624Notes

Workers in a subsistence setting whose main tasks are fetching water and gathering firewood, are classified in unit group 9624, Water and firewood collectors. Workers in subsistence agriculture who perform a limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under the direction of others, are classified in the relevant unit group in sub-major group 92, Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers

632 Subsistence livestock farmers

Subsistence livestock farmers breed, raise and tend livestock in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Tasks performed usually include Cultivating pastures, or managing grazing lands, and monitoring feed and water supplies needed to maintain condition of livestock; monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury, or disease, and to check physical condition; grooming and marking animals and shearing coats to collect hair or wool; herding or leading livestock to pastures, grazing land and water supplies; raising, tending, feeding and milking animals or draining blood from them; breeding animals and helping with animal births; slaughtering and skinning animals and preparing them and their products for consumption or sale; carrying out some processing of animal products; building and maintaining houses and other shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household; fetching water and gathering firewood; buying, bartering and selling animals and some products.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6320 Subsistence livestock farmersNotes

6320 Subsistence livestock farmers

Subsistence livestock farmers breed, raise and tend livestock in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Tasks include -(a) Cultivating pastures, or managing grazing lands, and monitoring feed and water supplies needed to

maintain condition of livestock;(b) Monitoring and examining animals to detect illness, injury, or disease, and to check physical condition;(c) Grooming and marking animals and shearing coats to collect hair or wool;(d) Herding or leading livestock to pastures, grazing land and water supplies;(e) Raising, tending, feeding and milking animals or draining blood from them;(f) Breeding animals and helping with animal births; (g) Slaughtering and skinning animals and preparing them and their products for consumption or sale;(h) Carrying out some processing of animal products;(i) Building and maintaining houses and other shelters;(j) Making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;(k) Fetching water and gathering firewood;


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(l) Buying, bartering and selling animals and some products.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Subsistence cattle farmer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: -Livestock farm labourer - 9212 -Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers - 9213 -Water and firewood collector – 9624Notes


633 Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers

Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit, gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants, tend or hunt animals, and/or catch fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing the soil, sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field crops;(b) Growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub crops;(c) Gathering wild fruits, medicinal and other plants;(d) Breeding, tending and feeding animals and poultry mainly to obtain meat, eggs, milk, hair, skin or

other products;(e) Fetching water and gathering firewood;(f) Storing produce for later use and carrying out some processing of produce;(g) Building and maintaining houses and other shelters;(h) Making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;(i) Selling some products at local markets.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6330 Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers

Notes

Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers

6330 Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers

Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers grow and harvest field or tree and shrub crops, vegetables and fruit, gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants, tend or hunt animals, and/or catch fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing the soil, sowing, planting, tending and harvesting field crops;(b) Growing vegetables, fruit and other tree and shrub crops;(c) Gathering wild fruits, medicinal and other plants;(d) Breeding, tending and feeding animals and poultry mainly to obtain meat, eggs, milk, hair, skin or

other products;(e) Fetching water and gathering firewood;(f) Storing produce for later use and carrying out some processing of produce;(g) Building and maintaining houses and other shelters;(h) Making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;(i) Selling some products at local markets.

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Notes


634 Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers

Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants, and hunt and trap animals, catch fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Tasks performed usually include: Gathering wild fruits, roots, medicinal and other plants; hunting or trapping animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, skin or other products; fetching water and gathering firewood; catching fish and gathering other forms of aquatic life; storing or carrying out some processing of their produce; building and maintaining houses and other shelters; making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household; selling some products at local markets.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 6340 Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers

Notes

6340 Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers

Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers gather wild fruits, medicinal and other plants, and hunt and trap animals, catch fish and gather various forms of aquatic life in order to provide food, shelter and a minimum of cash income for themselves and their households.

Task include -(a) Gathering wild fruits, roots, medicinal and other plants;(b) Hunting or trapping animals mainly to obtain meat, milk, hair, skin or other products;(c) Fetching water and gathering firewood;(d) Catching fish and gathering other forms of aquatic life;(e) Storing or carrying out some processing of their produce;(f) Building and maintaining houses and other shelters;(g) Making tools, clothes and utensils for use by the household;(h) Selling some products at local markets.

Examples of the occupations classified here - Hunter-gatherer - Subsistence collector

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Subsistence crop farmer – 6310 - Subsistence livestock farmer – 6320 - Livestock farm labourer – 9212 - Water and firewood collector – 9624Notes

7 Craft and related trades workers

Craft and related trades workers apply specific knowledge and skills in the fields to construct and maintain buildings, form metal, erect metal structures, set machine tools, or make, fit, maintain and repair machinery, equipment or tools, carry out printing work produce or process foodstuffs, textiles, or wooden, metal and


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other articles, including handicraft goods. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of all stages of the production process, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the second ISCO skill level.

Tasks performed by craft and related trades workers usually include: Constructing, maintaining and repairing buildings and other structures; casting, welding and shaping metal; installing and erecting heavy metal structures, tackle and related equipment; making machinery, tools, equipment, and other metal articles; setting for operators, or setting and operating various machine tools; fitting, maintaining and repairing industrial machinery, including engines and vehicles, as well as electrical and electronic instruments and other equipment; making precision instruments, jewellery, household and other precious-metal articles, pottery, glass and related products; producing handicrafts; executing printing work; producing and processing foodstuffs and various articles made of wood, textiles, leather and related materials. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 71 Building and related trades workers, excluding electricians 72 Metal, machinery and related trades workers 73 Handicraft and printing workers 74 Electrical and electronic trades workers 75 Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workerNotes

71 Building and related trades’ workers, excluding electricians

Building and related trades’ workers construct, maintain and repair buildings, erect and repair foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials, shape and finish stone for building and other purposes, and extract and work solid minerals from underground or surface mines or quarries. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group include: Constructing, maintaining and repairing buildings and other structures using traditional and/or modern building techniques; constructing and repairing foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials; breaking quarried stone into slabs or blocks; cutting, shaping and finishing stone for building, ornamental, monumental and other purposes; erecting reinforced concrete frameworks and structures as well as finishing and repairing cement surfaces; cutting, shaping, assembling and maintaining wooden structures and fittings; performing miscellaneous construction and building maintenance tasks. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 711 Building frame and related trades workers 712 Building finishers and related trades workers 713 Painters, building structure cleaners and related trades workersNotes

711 Building frame and related trades workers

Building frame and related trades workers construct, maintain and repair buildings, erect and repair foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar materials, shape and finish stone for building and other purposes, and perform miscellaneous construction and building maintenance tasks.

Tasks performed by workers in this minor group include: Constructing, maintaining and repairing buildings and other structures by using traditional and/or modern building techniques; constructing and repairing foundations, walls and structures of brick, stone and similar

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materials; breaking quarried stone into slabs or blocks; cutting, shaping and finishing stone for building, ornamental, monumental and other purposes; erecting reinforced concrete frameworks and structures as well as finishing and repairing cement surfaces; cutting, shaping, assembling and maintaining wooden structures and fittings; performing miscellaneous construction and building maintenance tasks. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7111 House builders 7112 Bricklayers and related workers 7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers 7114 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers 7115 Carpenters and joiners 7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

7111 House builders

House builders erect, maintain and repair houses and similar small buildings using either traditional or modern techniques or materials.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing ground for erecting building or other structures;(b) Erecting structures to support roof, and building and covering walls with appropriate materials;(c) Fixing rafters to roof and covering with roofing material;(d) Leveling floor to make it smooth and serviceable;(e) Maintaining and repairing existing structures;(f) Arranging for specialized work such as bricklaying, painting, plumbing and electrical wiring to be

done by subcontractors; (g) Coordinating and supervising the activities of subcontractors, labourers and other workers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - House Builder

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Construction project manager - 1323 Project builder - 1323 Construction supervisor – 3123Notes

7112 Bricklayers and related workers

Bricklayers and related workers lay bricks, pre-cut stones and other types of building blocks in mortar to construct and repair walls, partitions, arches and other structures.

Tasks include -(a) Laying stone, brick and similar building blocks to construct or repair walls, partitions, fireplaces and

other structures such as smokestacks, furnaces, converters, kilns and ovens, piers and abutments;(b) Laying footpaths, kerbs and pavements;(c) Laying bricks or other masonry to build patios, garden walls and other decorative installations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bricklayer - Blocklayer - Refractory bricklayer - Chimney builder

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Stonemason -7113Notes


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7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers

Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers cut and shape hard and soft stone blocks and slabs for the construction and maintenance of stone structures and monumental masonry, and carve designs and figures in stone.

Tasks include -(a) Driving wedges into quarried stone to break it into slabs or blocks;(b) Selecting and grading slabs and blocks of granite, marble, and other stone;(c) Cutting, shaping and finishing building and monumental stone such as granite or marble by using

hand or hand-powered tools;(d) Making patterns and marking shapes on stone for subsequent sawing, planning, drilling and other

dressing and cutting operations;(e) Cutting and carving characters, figures or designs on stone blocks used for monuments or memorials;(f) Setting stone in the erection of monuments and memorials;(g) Repairing and replacing stonework on old buildings, churches and monuments;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Stone Carver - Stone Cutter - Granite Cutter

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Wall and floor tiler -7122 - Machine operator (stone cutting or processing) – 8112Notes

7114 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers

Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers erect reinforced concrete frameworks and structures, make forms for moulding concrete, reinforce concrete surfaces, cement openings in walls or casings for wells, finish and repair cement surfaces and carry out terrazzo work.

Tasks include -(a) Constructing and repairing reinforced concrete floors, walls, tanks, silos and other concrete structures;(b) Making shuttering or assembling prefabricated forms for moulding concrete;(c) Cementing openings in walls or casings for wells;(d) Finishing and smoothing surfaces of concrete structures;(e) Applying a durable, smooth surfacing composed of cement, sand pigment and marble particles to

floors, known as a terrazzo finish;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cement finisher - Concrete placer - Terrazzo worker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Concrete finishing machine operator - 8114 - Road surface laying machinery operator- 8342Notes

7115 Carpenters and joiners

Carpenters and joiners cut, shape, assemble, erect, maintain and repair various types of structures and fittings made from wood and other materials.Tasks include -(a) Making, altering and repairing structural and other woodwork at a work-bench and on a construction

site;(b) Constructing, erecting and installing heavy-framed wooden structures on building sites;

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(c) Fitting, assembling and altering internal and external fixtures of buildings, such as walls, doors, door and window frames, facings and paneling;

(d) Making, repairing and fitting scenic equipment for theatrical performances, motion picture or television productions;

(e) Constructing, assembling, altering and repairing wooden fixtures and fittings in train coaches, aircraft, ships, boats, floats, and other vehicles.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Carpenter - Finish Carpenter - Framer - Joiner - Shipwright (wood)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cabinet maker - 7522 - Wheelwright – 7522Notes

7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers building frame and related trades workers not classified elsewhere in Minor group 711, Building frame and related trades workers. For instance the group includes steeplejacks, safflowers and demolition workers.

In such cases tasks would include -(a) Climbing and performing miscellaneous construction and building maintenance work on tall structures

such as towers, chimneys and spires;(b) Erecting temporary metal or wooden scaffolding on building sites;(c) Demolishing buildings and other structures.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Skilled demolition worker - Scaffolder - Steeplejack

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Construction labourer - 9313 - Demolition labourer- 9313Notes

712 Building finishers and related trades workers

Building finishers and related trades workers cover, apply or install, maintain and repair roofs, floors, walls, insulation systems, glass in windows or other frames, as well as plumbing, piping and electrical systems in buildings and other structures.

Tasks performed usually include: Covering roof frameworks with one or more kinds of material; installing parquet and other kinds of flooring or covering floors and walls with tiles or mosaic panels; applying plaster to walls and ceilings; applying insulating material to walls, floors and ceilings; cutting, fitting and setting glass in windows and similar openings; installing plumbing and pipeline systems; installing electrical wiring and related equipment. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7121 Roofers 7122 Floor layers and tile setters 7123 Plasterers 7124 Insulation workers 7125 Glaziers 7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters 7127 Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanicsNotes


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7121 Roofers

Roofers build and repair roofs on all types of buildings using one or more kinds of materials.

Tasks include -(a) Studying drawings, specifications and construction sites to determine materials required;(b) Covering roof frameworks with slate and pre-fabricated tiles to cover pitched roofs;(c) Laying a waterproof shield and fixing metallic or synthetic materials to a building’s frame;(d) Sizing and cutting roofing materials to fit around edges corners and protuberances such as chimney.(e) Using natural materials such as thatching to provide roof coverings;(f) Creating temporary structures such as scaffolding and ladders.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Asphalt Roofer - Metal Roofer - Slate Roofer - Tile Roofer - Roof fixer - ThatcherNotes

7122 Floor layers and tile setters

Floor layers and tile setters install, maintain and repair flooring, and cover floors, walls and other surfaces with tiles or mosaic panels for decorative or other purposes.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing floor areas for covering with a variety of materials;(b) Assembling carpet, tiles or other materials and laying them on floors according to design and other

specifications;(c) Preparing wall areas for covering with tiles or other materials for decorative or other purposes such as

acoustic insulation;(d) Setting tiles and constructing and laying mosaic panels to walls, floors and other surfaces.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Parquetry worker - Marble setter - Tile setter - Carpet layerNotes

7123 Plasterers

Plasterers install, maintain and repair plasterboard in buildings, and apply decorative and protective coverings of plaster, cement and similar material to the interiors and exteriors of structures.

Tasks include -(a) Applying one or more coats of plaster to interior walls and ceilings of buildings to produce finished

surface;(b) Measuring, marking and installing ornamental plaster panels, and casting and trimming ornamental

plaster cornices;(c) Applying protective and decorative covering of cement, plaster and similar materials to exterior

building surfaces;(d) Making and installing decorative plaster fixtures of fibrous plaster.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Plasterer - Ornamental Plasterer - Stucco Plasterer - Fibrous Plasterer - Solid PlastererNotes

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7124 Insulation workers

Insulation workers apply and repair insulating materials to buildings, boilers, pipes or refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment.

Tasks include -(a) Cutting insulation material by size and shape;(b) Applying slabs and sheets of insulating or sound-absorbing materials to walls, floors and ceilings of

buildings;(c) Blow and pack insulating or sound-absorbing materials into cavities between walls, floors and ceilings

of buildings with power-driven machines;(d) Examining plans, specifications and work sites to determine the type, quality and quantity of insulation

material required;(e) Applying insulating materials to exposed surfaces of equipment such as boilers, pipes and tanks;(f) Insulating refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Insulation worker - Acoustic insulation worker - Boiler and pipe Insulation worker - Refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment Insulation worker - Insulation InstallerNotes

7125 Glaziers

Glaziers’ measure, cut, finish, fit and install flat glass and mirrors.

Tasks include -(a) Selecting the type of glass to be used, cutting to right size and shape and installing in windows, doors,

showers and partitions of buildings;(b) Installing glass and mirrors in skylights, display cases, interior walls and ceilings;(c) Installing or replacing windscreens in vehicles or boats;(d) Creating decorative glass features such as glass walls, staircases, balustrades and stained-glass windows.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Auto glazier - Glazier - Roofing glazier - Vehicle glazierSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Glass cutter -7315 - Glass finisher -7315Notes

7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters

Plumbers and pipe fitters assemble, install, repair and maintain pipe systems, fittings and fixtures for water, gas, drainage, sewerage systems, and hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.

Tasks include -(a) Measuring, cutting, threading, bending, jointing, assembling, installing, maintaining and repairing

pipes, fittings and fixtures of drainage, heating, water supply and sewerage systems;(b) Installing gas appliances, dishwashers and water heaters, sinks and toilets using hand and power tools;(c) Laying clay, concrete or cast-iron pipes in ditches to form sewers, drains or water mains, or for other

purposes;(d) Inspecting, examining and testing installed systems and pipes, using pressure gauge, hydrostatic

testing, observation or other methods.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Pipe fitter - Pipe layer - Plumber - Drain technician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics – 7126Notes

7127 Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics

Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics assemble, install, maintain and repair air conditioning and refrigeration systems and equipment.

Tasks include -(a) Interpreting blueprints, drawings or other specifications;(b) Assembling, installing and repairing components for air conditioning and refrigeration systems;(c) Connecting piping and equipment by bolting, riveting, welding or brazing;(d) Testing systems, diagnosing faults and performing routine maintenance or servicing.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Air conditioning equipment mechanic - Refrigeration mechanic

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ventilation pipe fitter - 7126 - Plumbers and pipe filters – 7126Notes

713 Painters, building structure cleaners and related trades workers

Painters, building structure cleaners and related trades workers prepare surfaces and apply paint and similar materials to buildings and other structures, vehicles or various manufactured articles. They cover interior walls and ceilings with wallpaper, clean chimneys and exterior surfaces of buildings and other structures.

Tasks performed usually include: Preparing surfaces and applying paint and similar materials to buildings and other structures; applying paint or varnish to vehicles or various manufactured articles, usually with a hand-spraying device; covering interior walls and ceilings with wallpaper, silk or other fabrics; cleaning chimneys; cleaning exterior surfaces of buildings and other structures. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7131 Painters and related workers 7132 Spray painters and varnishers 7133 Building structure cleanersNotes

7131 Painters and related workers

Painters and related workers prepare surfaces of buildings and other structures for painting, apply protective and decorative coats of paint or similar materials, or cover interior walls and ceilings of buildings with wallpaper or other finishes.

Tasks include -(a) Cleaning and preparing walls and other surfaces of buildings for painting or wallpapering;

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(b) Selecting and preparing paints to required colours by mixing pigments and additives;(c) Applying or spraying paint, varnish, and similar materials to surfaces, fixtures and fittings of buildings;(d) Measuring and hanging wallpaper or other fabrics on interior walls and ceilings;(e) Applying paints, varnishes and stains to surfaces using brushes, rollers and sprays.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Building painter - PaperhangerNotes

7132 Spray painters and varnishers

Spray painters and varnishers operate spray painting and varnishing equipment to apply protective coatings to manufactured items or structures.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing surfaces to be coated using a variety of methods to remove grease, dirt and rust;(b) Painting cars, buses, trucks and other vehicles, and applying varnish and other protective coatings;(c) Applying paint as well as protective coatings of enamel or varnish on metal, wooden and other

manufactured products, usually with a hand-spraying device.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Manufactured articles painter - Vehicle painter - Varnisher

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Metal painting machine operator -8122 - Wood painting machine operator -7521 - Building painter - 7131 - Decorative painter- 7131 - Songwriter- 7316Notes

7133 Building structure cleaners

Building structure cleaners clean exterior surfaces of buildings and other structures, and remove soot from chimneys.

Tasks include -(a) Cleaning exterior surfaces of stone, brick, metal or similar materials by means of chemicals, or a jet

of steam or sand applied under high pressure;(b) Removing soot from flues, chimneys and connecting pipes;(c) Removing asbestos, mould and fire damaged surfaces from buildings.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chimney sweep - Building exteriors cleaner - Sandblaster (building exteriors)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Graffiti cleaner - 9129 - Water blater – 9129Notes


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72 Metal, machinery and related trades workers

Metal, machinery and related trades workers cast, weld, forge and, by other methods, form metal, erect, maintain and repair heavy metal structures, engage in machine-tool setting as well as in fitting, maintaining and repairing machinery, including engines, vehicles, or they produce tools and various non-precious-metal articles. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Making moulds and cores for casting metal; casting, welding and shaping metal; installing, erecting, maintaining and repairing heavy metal structures, tackle and related equipment; forging and forming steel and other non-precious metals to make and repair machinery, tools, equipment and other articles; setting for operators or setting and operating various machine tools; fitting, maintaining and repairing industrial machinery, including engines and vehicles. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 721 Sheet and structural metal workers, moulders and welders, and related workers 722 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and related trades workers 723 Machinery mechanics and repairersNotes

721 Sheet and structural metal workers, moulders and welders, and related workers

Sheet and structural metal workers, moulders and welders, and related workers, make moulds and cores for casting metal, weld and cut metal parts, make and repair articles of sheet metal, and install, erect, maintain and repair heavy metal structures, tackle, cable-cars and related equipment.

Tasks performed usually include: Making moulds and cores for casting metal; casting, welding and shaping metal parts; making and repairing articles of sheet metal such as sheet steel, copper, tin, or brass; installing, erecting, maintaining and repairing heavy metal structures, as well as tackle, cable cars and related equipment.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7211 Metal moulders and coremakers 7212 Welders and flamecutters 7213 Sheet-metal workers 7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors 7215 Riggers and cable splicersNotes

7211 Metal moulders and core makers

Metal moulders and core makers make moulds and cores for casting metal.

Tasks include -(a) Making moulds by hand or using auxiliary machines on a bench for small metal castings, on the

foundry floor, or in a pit for large castings;(b) Making cores for use in metal moulds;(c) Cleaning and smoothing moulds, core boxes, and repairing surface imperfections;(d) Moving and positioning work pieces such as mould sections, patterns, and bottom boards, using

cranes, or signaling others to move work pieces;(e) Positioning patterns inside mould sections and clamping sections together;(f) Cutting spouts, runner holes and sprue holes into moulds;(g) Lifting upper mould sections from lower sections and remove moulded patterns.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Core maker - Metal casting moulderNotes

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7212 Welders and flame cutters

Welders and flame cutters weld and cut metal parts using gas flame, electric arc and other sources of heat to melt and cut, or to melt and fuse metal.

Tasks include -(a) Welding metal parts using gas flame, or an electric arc, thermite compound or other methods;(b) Operating resistance-welding machines;(c) Using blowtorch to make and repair lead linings, pipes, floors and other lead fixtures;(d) Brazing metal parts together;(e) Cutting metal pieces using gas flame or an electric arc; (f) Joining metal parts by hand soldering;(g) Monitoring the fitting, burning, and welding processes to avoid overheating of parts or warping,

shrinking, distortion, or expansion of material;(h) Examining work pieces for defects and measuring work pieces with straight edges or templates to

ensure conformance with specifications.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Brazier - Flame cutter - WelderNotes

7213 Sheet metal workers

Sheet metal workers make, install and repair articles and parts of articles made out of sheet metal such as sheet steel, copper, tin, brass, aluminium, zinc or galvanized iron.

Tasks include -(a) Marking sheet metal for cutting and shaping;(b) Making and repairing household utensils and other articles in tin, copper and light alloys, or

ornamental articles and fittings;(c) Making and repairing boilers, tanks, vats and similar containers;(d) Installing and repairing sheet-metal parts of vehicles and aircraft;(e) Converting blueprints into shop drawings to be followed in the construction and assembly of sheet

metal products;(f) Determining project requirements, including scope, assembly sequences, and required methods and

materials, according to blueprints, drawings, and written or verbal instructions;(g) Inspecting product quality and installation to ensure conformance to specifications.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Boilersmith - Coppersmith - Sheet-metal worker - TinsmithNotes

7214 Structural metal preparers and erectors

Structural metal preparers and erectors assemble, erect and dismantle structural metal frames of buildings and other structures.Tasks include -(a) Marking metal framework as a guide when drilling, cutting, and shaping them for use in buildings,

ships and other structures;(b) Drilling, cutting and shaping structural steel in a workshop;(c) Erecting steel framework for buildings, bridges and other constructions;(d) Assembling and erecting the framework and other metal parts of ships’ structures;


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(e) Shaping and fitting structural-steel plates of ships under construction or repair;(f) Riveting structural-metal members by hand, machine or pneumatic riveter.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Erector, structural metal - Preparer, structural metal - Riveter

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Rivet production machine operator-7223Notes

7215 Riggers and cable splicers

Riggers and cable splicers assemble rigging gear to move and position equipment and structural components, or install and maintain cables, ropes and wires on construction sites, buildings or other structures

Tasks include -(a) Estimating the size, shape and weight of objects to be moved and deciding on the type of equipment

to move them;(b) Installing and repairing cables, ropes, wires, pulleys and other tackle;(c) Joining, repairing and fitting attachments to wires, ropes and cables;(d) Working as member of crew erecting and repairing derricks for drilling water, gas- and oil-wells;(e) Lifting and monting scenery, lighting and other equipment in theatres and on film sets;(f) Installing and maintaining communication towers, aerial cableways, funicular railways, ski lifts and

similar infrastructure.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Rigger - Ship rigger - Cable and rope splicer - Tower rigger - Theatrical rigger

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Splicing/cable and rope machine operator – 8189 - Crane, hoist and related plant operators – 8343Notes

722 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and related trades workers

Blacksmiths, toolmakers and related trades workers, hammer and forge bars, rods or ingots of iron, steel and other metals to make and repair various kinds of tools, equipment and other articles, set machine tools for operators or set and operate various machine tools, and polish and sharpen surfaces.

Tasks performed usually include: Hammering and forging iron, steel and other metals to make and repair various kinds of tools, equipment and other articles; setting machine tools for operators or setting and operating various machine tools working to fine tolerances; polishing and sharpening metal surfaces and tools.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7221 Blacksmiths, hammer smiths and forging press workers 7222 Toolmakers and related workers 7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpenersNotes

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7221 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers

Blacksmiths, hammer smiths and forging press workers hammer and forge bars, rods, ingots and plates of iron, steel or other metals, and draw wire to make and repair various kinds of tools, metal articles, pieces of equipment, and agricultural and related implements.

Tasks include -(a) Heating metal in forge furnace and manufacturing and repairing articles by drawing, bending, (b) Cutting, hammering metal on an anvil, punching, shearing, joining and hardening or tempering;(c) Shaping heated metal into forgings on power hammer equipped with open dies;(d) Operating closed-die drop hammer to forge metal articles;(e) Operating a power-press machine equipped with closed dies to forge metal articles;(f) Drawing wire;(g) Reading work orders or blueprints to determine specified tolerances and sequences of operations for

machine setup;(h) Measuring and inspecting machine parts to ensure conformance to product specifications.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Blacksmith - Drop-hammer worker - Forging press worker - Hammersmith

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Casting machine operator-7223 - Machine-tool machine operator-7223Notes

7222 Toolmakers and related workers

Toolmakers and related workers make and repair custom made and specialized tools, sports guns, locks, dies, patterns machinery components and other metal articles using hand and machine tools to work metal to fine tolerances.

Tasks include -(a) Reading and interpreting engineering drawings and specifications of tools, dies, prototypes or models; (b) Preparing templates and sketches, and determining work processes;(c) Visualizing and computing dimensions, sizes, shapes, and tolerances of assemblies, based on

specifications;(d) Positioning, securing and measuring metal stock or castings to lay out for machining;(e) Setting up, operating and maintaining conventional and computer numerically controlled machine

tools to cut, turn, mill, plane, drill, bore, grind or otherwise shape work piece to prescribed dimensions and finish;

(f) Fitting and assembling parts to make and repair jigs, fixtures and gauges;(g) Repairing and modifying sports guns and other small arms;(h) Making, fitting, assembling, repairing and installing lock parts and locks;(i) Making and repairing metal patterns for preparation of foundry moulds;(j) Laying out lines and reference points on metal stock to guide other workers who cut, turn, mill, grind

or otherwise shape metal;(k) Verifying dimensions, alignments, and clearances of finished parts for conformance to specifications,

using precision measuring instruments and testing completed items for proper operation.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Die maker - Gunsmith - Jig maker - Locksmith - Patternmaker - ToolmakerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Tool production machine operator – 7223Notes


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7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators

Metal working machine tool setters and operators set and/or operate, various machine tools working to fine tolerances.

Tasks include -(a) Setting one or more types of machine tool for production of metal articles in standardized series;(b) Operating and monitoring metalworking machines, such as lathes, milling, planning, boring, drilling,

grinding or honing machines, including multi-purpose numerically controlled metalworking machines;(c) Performing similar tasks when machining plastics and other metal substitutes;(d) Observing machine operations to detect work piece defects or machine malfunctions, adjusting

machines as necessary;(e) Inspecting work pieces for defects, and measuring work pieces to determine accuracy of machine

operation, using rules, templates, or other measuring instruments;(f) Changing worn machine accessories, such as cutting tools and brushes, using hand tools.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Boring machine operator - Machine tool setter - Machine tool operator - Machine tool setter-operator - Metal turnerNotes

7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners

Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners polish and grind metal surfaces and sharpen tools.

Tasks include -(a) Operating fixed or portable buffing and polishing machines;(b) Sharpening cutting tools and instruments using grinding wheels or mechanically operated grinding

machines;(c) Repairing, adjusting and sharpening saw blades and metal teeth of cylinders in textile carding

machines;(d) Dressing grinding wheels, according to specifications;(e) Monitoring machine operations to determine whether adjustments are necessary; stop machines when

problems occur;(f) Inspecting, feeling, and measuring work pieces to ensure that surfaces and dimensions meet

specifications;(g) Selecting and mounting grinding wheels on machines, according to specifications, using hand tools

and applying knowledge of abrasives and grinding procedures.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Metal finisher - Tool grinder - Metal polisher - Knife sharpener

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Metal finishing machine operator - 8122 - Metal polishing machine operator – 8122Notes

723 Machinery mechanics and repairers

Machinery mechanics and repairers fit, install, maintain and repair engines, vehicles, agricultural or industrial machinery and similar mechanical equipment.

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Tasks performed usually include: Fitting, installing, maintaining and repairing engines, vehicles, agricultural or industrial machinery and similar mechanical equipment.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers 7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers 7234 Bicycle and related repairersNotes

Occupations are classified in Major group 8, Plant and machine operators and assemblers, if the tasks call mainly for experience with and an understanding of the machinery operated and monitored. Occupations are classified in Major group 9, Elementary occupations, if the tasks are of a simple and routine nature, mainly entail the use of hand-held tools, some physical effort, little or no previous experience and understanding of the work and limited initiative or judgment.

7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers

Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers fit, install, maintain, service and repair engines and the mechanical and related equipment of passenger cars, delivery trucks, motorcycles and other motor vehicles.

Tasks include –(a) Detecting and diagnosing faults in engines and parts; (b) Fitting, examining, testing and servicing motor vehicle and motorcycle engines;(c) Replacing engine components or complete engines;(d) Fitting, examining, adjusting, dismantling, rebuilding and replacing defective parts of motor vehicles;(e) Installing or adjusting motors and brakes, and adjusting steering or other parts of motor vehicles;(f) Installing, adjusting, servicing and replacing mechatronics components of motor vehicles;(g) Performing scheduled maintenance services, such as oil changes, lubrications and engine tune-ups, to

achieve smoother running of vehicles and ensure compliance with pollution regulations;(h) Reassembling engines and parts after being repaired.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Automotive brakes systems service technician - Diesel fitter (road transport) - Engine fitter (motor vehicle) - Garage mechanic - Motorcycle mechanic - Motor vehicle engine and fuel systems service technician - Motor vehicle mechanic - Motor vehicle mechatronics service technician - Motor vehicle repairer - Motor vehicle service technician - Small engine mechanic

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bicycle repairer - 7234 - Motor vehicle engine assembler – 8211Notes

7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers

Aircraft engine repairers and mechanics fit, service, repair and overhaul aircraft engines and assemblies, such as airframes, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems.


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Tasks include -(a) Fitting, examining, testing and servicing aircraft engines; (b) Replacing engine components or complete engines;(c) Examining and inspecting airframes and aircraft components, including landing gear, hydraulic

systems, and deicers to detect wear, cracks, breaks, leaks, or other problems;(d) Maintaining, repairing, overhauling, modifying and testing aircraft structural, mechanical and

hydraulic systems;(e) Reading and interpreting manuals, service bulletins, and other specifications to determine the

feasibility and method of repairing or replacing malfunctioning or damaged components;(f) Maintaining, repairing , and rebuilding aircraft structures, functional components, and parts such as

wings and fuselage, rigging, hydraulic units, oxygen systems, fuel systems, electrical systems, gaskets, and seals;

(g) Inspecting completed work to certify that maintenance meets standards and the aircraft is ready for operation;

(h) Maintaining repair logs, documenting all preventive and corrective aircraft maintenance;(i) Installing and testing electrical and electronic components, assemblies, and systems in aircraft;(j) Connecting components to assemblies such as radio systems, instruments, magnetos, inverters, and

in-flight refueling systems.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aircraft engine fitter - Aircraft maintenance engineer (airframes) - Aircraft maintenance engineer (engines) - Aircraft maintenance supervisor - Aircraft mechanic - Aircraft restorer - Aircraft service technician - Airframe and power plant mechanic - Airframe mechanic; - Aviation maintenance technician, - Helicopter mechanic - Jet engine mechanic - Pneu draulic systems mechanic (aircraft) - Power plant mechanic (aircraft) - Rocket engine component mechanic

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Aircraft maintenance engineer (avionics) - 7421 - Avionics technician - 7421 - Aircraft engine assembler- 8211Notes

7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairersAgricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers fit, install, examine, service and repair engines, agricultural and industrial machinery and mechanical equipment, except motor vehicle, aircraft and electric motors.

Tasks include -(a) Fitting, installing, examining, servicing and repairing engines, machinery and mechanical equipment;(b) Oiling and greasing stationary engines and machinery;(c) Inspecting and testing new machinery and mechanical equipment for conformity with standards and

specifications;(d) Disassembling machinery and equipment to remove parts and make repairs;(e) Examining parts for defects such as breakage and excessive wear;(f) Operating newly repaired machinery and equipment to verify the adequacy of repairs;(g) Recording repairs and maintenance performed.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Air-conditioning equipment mechanic - Construction machinery mechanic - Construction machinery repairer - Farm machinery repairer - Mining machinery fitter - Mining machinery repairer - Stationary engine fitter - Stationary engine repairer - Train engine fitter - Train engine repairer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Electrical mechanic - 7412 - Mechanical machinery assembler- 8211Notes

7234 Bicycle and related repairers

Bicycle and related repairers fit, maintain, service and repair the mechanical and related equipment of bicycles, rickshaws, baby carriages, wheelchairs and similar non-motorized transport equipment.

Tasks include -(a) Examining, servicing and repairing bicycles and other non-motorized transport equipment;(b) Cleaning and lubricating bearings and other moving parts;(c) Replacing and repairing components and accessories, such as brakes, driving chain mechanism,

wheels, handle bars etc.;(d) Changing tyres and controlling air pressure;(e) Spray painting frames;(f) Assembling new bicycles, wheelchairs and similar non-motorized equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bicycle mechanic - Bicycle repairer - Perambulator repairer - Wheelchair repairerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Moped repairer - 7231 - Motorized rickshaw mechanic – 7231Notes

73 Handicraft and printing workers

Handicraft and printing workers make and repair precision instruments, musical instruments, various articles such as jewellery, precious metal ware, ceramics, porcelain ware and glassware, as well as handicrafts made of wood or textile, leather or related materials, or they perform printing or book-binding tasks. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Making and repairing nautical, meteorological, optical and other precision instruments and equipment; making and repairing musical instruments; making jewellery and precious metal ware; making pottery, porcelain ware, ceramics and glassware; painting and decorating various articles; producing handicraft articles in wood or textile, leather and related materials; performing printing or book-binding tasks. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 731 Handicraft workers 732 Printing trades workersNotes


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731 Handicraft workers

Handicraft workers combine artistic and manual skills to design, make, repair, adjust, maintain and decorate precision instruments, musical instruments, jewellery and other precious-metals, pottery and porcelain ware. They apply traditional and/or recently developed techniques to carve, mould, assemble, weave and decorate various glass, ceramics, textile, straw, stone, wood and leather articles.

Tasks performed usually include: Making, calibrating, repairing, maintaining and installing musical and precision instruments; fabricating, adjusting, repairing, or appraising jewellery, ceremonial or religious items, gold, silver, other precious metals, or gems; cutting, filing, polishing and setting precious and semiprecious stones including gems and diamonds and engraving designs on jewellery and precious metal articles; preparing pottery, porcelain ware, sanitary ware, bricks, tiles and abrasive wheels by hand or by machine; blowing, moulding, pressing, cutting, trimming, grinding and polishing glass, shaping molten glass according to patterns; decorating articles made of wood, metal, textiles, glass, ceramics and other materials, and planning, laying out and painting letters, figures, monograms and designs to make signs; applying traditional techniques like seasoning, impregnation to prepare wood, straw, rattan, reeds, stone, clay, shells, and other materials, and carving, moulding, assembling, weaving, or painting and decorating various articles for personal or household use, or for decorative purposes; preparing materials to make wicker furniture, brushes and brooms and weaving various kinds of baskets; applying traditional techniques and patterns to produce woven fabrics, knitted, embroidered and other garments and household articles.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers 7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners 7313 Jewellery and precious-metal workers 7314 Potters and related workers 7315 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers 7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers 7317 Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials 7318 Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials 7319 Handicraft workers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers

Precision-instrument makers and repairers make, calibrate, repair, maintain, adjust and install mechanical watches, clocks, nautical, meteorological, optical, orthopedic and other precision instruments and equipment and set them for correct performance.

Tasks include -(a) Repairing, cleaning, and adjusting mechanisms of timing instruments, such as watches and clocks;(b) Adjusting timing regulators, using calipers, watch-rate recorders, and tweezers. (c) Cleaning, rinsing, and drying timepiece parts, using solutions and ultrasonic or mechanical watch-

cleaning machines; (d) Testing timepiece accuracy and performance, using meters and other electronic instruments;(e) Testing accuracy of meters, gauges, indicators, or other recording or controlling instruments to locate

defective components and for conformance to standards;(f) Calibrating instruments or scales, using hand tools, computer, or electronic devices;(g) Inspecting components, connections, and drive mechanisms to detect defects;(h) Assembling instruments and devices, such as barometers, control valves, gyroscopes, hygrometers,

speedometers, tachometers, and thermostats;(i) Testing, calibrating, and adjusting electronic, mercurial, aneroid, and other types of meteorological

instruments for compliance with printed specifications and schematic diagrams, using voltmeters, oscilloscopes, tube testers, and other test instruments;

(j) Adjusting and repairing masts, supporting structures, clearance lights, control panels, control cabling and wiring, and other electrical and mechanical devices

(k) Repairing and setting optical instruments such as microscopes, telescopes, theodolities, and sextants;(l) Checking whether assembled units conform to specifications and ensuring stipulated performance

and sensitivity by standard tests.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Instrument/meteorological maker - Orthopedic appliance maker - Watch maker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Surgical instrument maker - 3214 - Locksmith - 7222 - Machine-tool machine operator - 7223 - Watch assembler- 8212Notes

7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners

Musical-instrument makers and tuners make, assemble, repair, adjust, restore musical instruments and tune them to the required pitch with hand or power tools. They usually specialize in one type of instrument, such as string instruments, brass instruments pianos, reed instruments or percussion instruments.

Tasks include -(a) Fabricating and assembling musical instruments and instrument parts of wood, ebonite, metal, leather

and other materials;(b) Repairing or replacing musical instrument parts and components, such as strings, bridges, felts, and

keys, using hand and power tools;(c) Playing and inspecting instruments to evaluate their sound quality and to locate any defects; (d) Adjusting string tensions to achieve proper tone or pitch of stringed instruments;(e) Adjusting lips, reeds, or toe hole of organ pipes, using hand tools, to regulate airflow and loudness of

sound;(f) Tuning and servicing pipe organs by adjusting pitch of organ A pipes to conform with pitch of tuning

fork and adjusting pitch of other pipes with references to pitch of tuned pipes;(g) Installing new drumheads in percussion instruments;(h) Tuning accordions by aurally comparing pitch of reeds with master reeds and filing reeds to obtain

standard pitch;(i) Aligning pads and keys on reed or wind instruments;(j) Tuning percussion instruments to required pitch by tightening or loosening cords holding leather

pieces fixed atop or at both ends of instrument;(k) Assembling and installing new pipe organs and pianos in buildings.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Brass instrument repairer - Piano tuner - Stringed instrument maker - Woodwind instrument makerNotes

7313 Jewellery and precious metal workers

Jewellery and precious metal workers design, fabricate, adjust, repair, or appraise jewellery, ceremonial or religious items, gold, silver, other precious metals, or gems. They cut, file, polish and set precious and semiprecious stones including gems and diamonds and engrave designs on jewellery and precious metal articles. They cut and polish diamonds for industrial purposes.

Tasks include -(a) Casting jewellery and other non-ferrous metal articles by hand;(b) Creating new jewellery designs and modifying existing designs, using computers as necessary;(c) Cutting designs in moulds or other materials to be used as models in the fabrication of metal and

jewellery products;(d) Altering existing jewellery mountings in order to reposition jewels or to adjust mountings. (e) Repairing, reshaping and restyling old jewellery or precious metal ware following designs or

instructions;


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(f) Making complete jewellery articles such as rings, necklaces, bangles, brooches and bracelets from materials such as gold, silver, platinum, and precious or semiprecious stones;

(g) Examining gem surfaces and internal structures, using polariscopes, refractometers, microscopes, and other optical instruments, to differentiate between stones, to identify rare specimens, or to detect flaws, defects, or peculiarities affecting gem values;.

(h) Cutting and polishing gems and setting them in jewellery articles;(i) Engraving or embossing letters, designs or decorative lines on jewellery and precious metal ware;(j) Grinding, drilling and finishing jewel bearings for use in precision instruments such as compasses and

chronometers; (k) Examining assembled or finished products to ensure conformance to specifications, using magnifying

glasses or precision measuring instruments.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Enameller, jewellery - Goldsmith - Jeweller - Gem setter - SilversmithNotes

7314 Potters and related workers

Potters and related workers prepare pottery, porcelain ware, sanitary ware, bricks, tiles and abrasive wheels by hand or by machine.

Tasks include -(a) Making articles of pottery and porcelain;(b) Making clay or plaster of Paris moulds;(c) Reading technical drawings to know customer’s requirements;(d) forming articles on potter’s wheel by pressing thumbs into centers of revolving clay to form hollows,

and press on the inside and outside of emerging clay cylinders with hands and fingers, gradually raising and shaping clay to desired forms and sizes;

(e) Adjusting wheel speeds according to the feel of the clay as pieces enlarge and walls become thinner; (f) Operating jigger machines to form ceramic ware, such as bowls, cups, plates, and saucers; (g) Adjusting and setting controls of pug mill that mixes, extrudes, cuts, and deposits clay charges in or

over moulds as specified;(h) Smoothening surfaces of finished pieces, using rubber scrapers and wet sponges; (i) Forming abrasive wheels by moulding and pressing an abrasive mixture by hand or by machine;(j) Examining finished ware for defects, verifying accuracy of shapes and sizes of objects, using callipers

and templates; (k) Preparing work for sale or exhibition, and maintaining relationships with retail, pottery, art, and

resource networks that can facilitate sale or exhibition of work.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Pottery and porcelain caster - Pottery and porcelain modeller - Potter - Abrasive Wheel Moulder

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Kiln operator, brick and tile - 8181 - Kiln operator, pottery and porcelain – 8181Notes

7315 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers

Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers blow, mould, press, cut, trim, grind and polish glass, shape molten glass according to patterns.

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Tasks include -(a) Heating glass to pliable stage, using gas flames or ovens, and rotating glass to heat it uniformly. (b) Blowing and bending glass tubing into specified shapes to form scientific apparatus like flasks, retorts,

and pipettes(c) Grinding and polishing glass objects or parts to correct defects or to prepare surfaces for further

finishing and smoothening and polishing rough edges, using belt sander or polishing wheels(d) Examining glass stock and finished products and marking or discarding items with defects such as

spots, stains, scars, snags, chips, scratches, or unacceptable shapes or finishes. (e) Reading work orders to determine dimensions, cutting locations, and quantities to cut. (f) Observing gauges, computer printouts and video monitors to verify specified processing conditions

and make adjustments as necessary (g) Positioning pattern or drawing on glass, measuring dimensions, and marking cutting lines, using glass

cutting tools and cutting glass along marked outlines or around pattern.(h) Setting up, operating and adjusting computerised or robotic glass cutting equipment(i) Inspecting, weighing, and measuring products to verify conformance to specifications, using

instruments such as micrometers, callipers, magnifiers, and rulers(j) Regulating oven temperatures according to glass types to be processed. (k) Transferring pattern for individual stained glass parts from full size drawing to pattern paper, using

stylus to trace drawings(l) Spraying silver solution on glass to provide mirrored surface, using spray gun(m) Laying out cutting and grinding optical and other glass to specified dimensions and weight for

moulding into lens blanks and for use as watch crystals.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Glass blower - Glass cutter - Glass finisher - Glass grinder

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Glass production furnace operator- 8181Notes

7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers

Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers decorate articles made of wood, metal, textiles, glass, ceramics and other materials. They plan, lay out and paint letters, figures, monograms and designs to make signs and engrave and etch ornamental and floral designs on glass and other articles.

Tasks include -(a) Painting decorative free-hand designs on objects, such as pottery, glass, cigarette cases, lampshades;(b) Transferring from paper transfers decorative or ornamental designs on articles; (c) Integrating and developing visual elements, such as line, space, mass, colour, and perspective, in

order to produce desired effects such as the illustration of ideas, emotions, or moods; (d) laying out and painting in one or more languages letters, figures, monograms and designs to make

signs;(e) Sketching or tracing design or lettering onto work piece or pattern material to prepare pattern or

stencil;(f) Designing pattern or lettering to paint work pieces, such as signs, glassware, pottery, or zinc plates;(g) Using software and routing equipment to produce 3D Carved images for application onto larger

signage as well as engraved and inlaid signs;(h) Designing and producing normal flat cut lettering or lettering that is shadowed with applied vinyl or

lettering that is ready cut for application; (i) Writing, painting, or printing signs or show cards used for display or other purposes;(j) Cutting out letters and signs for display purposes from wallboard or cardboard, by hand or machines,

such as electrically powered jigsaw or band saw;(k) examining sketches, diagrams, samples, blueprints, or photographs to decide how designs are to be

etched, cut, or engraved onto work pieces; (l) Measuring and computing dimensions of lettering, designs, or patterns to be engraved;


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(m) engraving and printing patterns, ornamental designs, etchings, trademarks, figures or lettering onto flat or curved surfaces of a wide variety of metal, glass, plastic, or ceramic items;

(n) Etching decorative designs, calibration markings and other figures on glass articles.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Glass engraver - Glass etcher - Glass enameller - Decorative painter - Sign-writer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ceramics painting machine operator- 8181 - Glass painting machine operator - 8181 - Building painter -7 131 - Manufactured articles painter - 7132 - Vehicle painter – 7132Notes

7317 Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials

Handicraft workers in wood and related materials apply traditional techniques like seasoning, impregnation to prepare wood, straw, rattan, reeds, stone, clay, shells, and other materials, and carve, mould, assemble, weave, or paint and decorate various articles for personal or household use, or for decorative purposes. Basketry weavers, brush makers and related workers select and prepare materials like bristles, nylon, fiber, bass, whisker and wire to make wicker furniture, brushes and brooms and weave various kinds of baskets.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing wood, straw, rattan, reeds, stone, shells, or similar materials;(b) Carving floral and artistic designs on wooden surfaces for decorative purposes;(c) Painting free hand decorative designs on glass and pottery or porcelain ware;(d) Carving, assembling, weaving, painting and decorating various articles for personal or household use

such as salad bowls, serving-spoons, cutting-boards, trays, vases, jugs, baskets, straw hats, straw mats and similar objects;

(e) Carving, assembling, weaving and painting various decorative articles such as statues and other sculptures, chess pieces, jewellery, and similar objects;

(f) Making wicker furniture from peeled and softened rattan, reeds, rushes, willow branches and similar materials;

(g) Making various kinds of baskets by interlacing osier, rattan, reeds, rushes or similar materials;(h) Forming bottom of basket by interlacing strips of rattan, wood veneer or other material with framework

of rods of material such as willow;(i) Inserting rods around edge of bottom between woven sections of bottom and bending them upright

to serve as framework for sides;(j) Selecting and preparing brush materials, such as bristles, nylon, fibers and wire, and setting them in

brush base(k) Selecting and preparing materials, such as broom corn, bass, whisker and fiber, and fastening them

to broom handle;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Reed weaving handicraft worker - Stone articles handicraft worker - Wooden articles handicraft worker - Basket maker - Brush maker - Wicker furniture maker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Machine operator (stone products) - 8114 - Machine operator (wood products) – 7523Notes

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7318 Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials

Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials apply traditional techniques and patterns to produce woven fabrics, knitted, embroidered, woven and other garments and articles for household use, as well as traditional footwear, handbags, belts and other accessories

Tasks include -(a) Spinning and dyeing with natural dyestuffs, wool, cotton and other fibers;(b) Lace-making and weaving, knitting, or embroidering various garments and articles for household use;(c) Preparing and dyeing hides with natural dyestuffs and making traditional footwear or handbags, belts

and other accessories;(d) Spinning and winding yarn by hand;(e) Drawing warp threads into loom by hand;(f) Weaving plain or figured cloth, tapestry, lace, carpet or other fabrics on hand looms;(g) Making carpets by using a knotting technique;(h) Knitting garments and other articles on hand-operated machine or by hand;(i) Crocheting or making braid by hand;(j) Making nets by hand;(k) Grading and classifying natural textile fibers;(l) Washing wool fibers;(m) Cleaning and fluffing textile fibers;(n) Forming fibers into sliver, combing them, combining sliver into sliver laps or forming sliver into rove.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Carpets handicraft worker - Leather Handicraft worker - Textiles handicraft worker - Textile fibre comber - Textile fibre drawer - Textile fibre rover - Knitter - Thread and yarn spinner - Loom threader - Carpet weaver - Weaver cloth

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Textile fibre combing machine operator - 8151 - Knitting machine operator – 8152 - Weaving machine operator – 8152Notes

7319 Handicraft workers not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers handicraft workers who perform traditional handicrafts not classified elsewhere. For instance, the group includes traditional handicraft workers in non-precious metals and stone.

Examples of the occupations classified here: Metal toymakerNotes

732 Printing trades workers

Printing trades’ workers compose and set type prior to printing, set up and operate printing presses, bind and finish printed products, and prepare stencils and operate screen printing equipment

Tasks performed usually include: Operating graphic cameras and other photographic equipment to reproduce camera-ready copy onto films, plates and digital output devices; operating computer screen-based equipment for scanning, colour separation


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and correction, retouching and other processes used to transfer copy to film and produce film for plate, cylinder and digital output productions; setting up, operating and monitoring machines used in typesetting, photographing copy, printing and cutting, folding, collating and binding printed material; performing routine finishing operations and machine maintenance; preparing stencils and operating screen printing equipment.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7321 Pre-press technicians 7322 Printers 7323 Print finishing and binding workersNotes

7321 Pre-press technicians

Pre-press technicians proof, format, set and compose text and graphics into a form suitable for use in various printing processes and representation in other visual media.

Tasks include -(a) Operating graphic cameras and other photographic equipment to reproduce camera-ready copy onto

films, plates and digital output devices; (b) Using computer applications to generate images, text, layouts and impositions for print and other

visual media displays;(c) Operating plate making equipment to reproduce images from film to printing plates, digital output

devices and presses;(d) Operating computer screen-based equipment for scanning, colour separation, colour correction,

masking, creative design, combining, imposing, retouching, and other processes used to transfer copy to film and produce film for plate, digital output and cylinder productions;

(e) Carrying out digital and chemical proofing from digital systems, and negative and positive films;(f) Evaluating printed proofs, checking and correcting them for quality;(g) Preparing and exposing carbon tissue for lying on cylinders by transfer method, and developing

images.

Examples of the occupations classified here: Compositor Desktop publishing operator Electronic pre-press technician, Plate mounter (screen printing) Plate maker (printing) Screen maker TypesetterNotes

7322 Printers

Printers set up and operate digital, letterpress, lithographic, flexographic, gravure, newspaper and other printing presses.

Tasks include - (a) Setting, adjusting and monitoring substrate-feed mechanisms, delivery mechanisms, inking systems

and other printing machine functions; (b) Mixing ink and solvents to standard, and regulating paper and ink supply during print runs;(c) Monitoring, evaluating and determining press to check print quality standards against proofs and

detect malfunctions;(d) Producing a variety of printed products using relief, lithographic, flexographic and gravure printing

presses, and in-line finishing systems; (e) Preparing plates, blankets and impression cylinders on small offset lithographic printing presses; (f) Loading paper into feeding mechanisms;(g) Monitoring machine operations and quality of printing; (h) Maintaining, adjusting, repairing and cleaning machines;(i) Producing digital print images, and transferring and outputting images.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: Block printer Digital press operator Feeder operator (printing) Flexographic press operator Gravure press operator Large sheet-fed press operator Screen printer Screen printing press operator Small press operator Web press operatorNotes

7323 Print finishing and binding workers

Print finishing and binding workers bind books and other publications, and finish printed products by hand or machine.

Tasks include -(a) Setting up and supervising the operation of automatic binding and finishing equipment; (b) Binding full, half and limp-bound books, and repairing bindings;(c) Folding, collating and sewing signatures by machine and hand; (d) Operating paper guillotines for pre-press and post-press paper cutting and trimming, and programming

electronically operated units;(e) Operating systems to insert printed material into newspapers, magazines and envelopes;(f) Embellishing printed products automatically and manually;(g) Operating photographic and electronic reproduction devices.

Examples of the occupations classified here: Book binder Collator operator Cutter operator Foil Stamp operator Folder operator Gatherer operator Multibinder operator Perfect binder operator Saddle stitch operator Small machine bindery workerNotes

74 Electrical and electronics trades workers

Electrical and electronics trades workers install, fit and maintain electrical wiring systems and machinery and other electrical apparatus, electrical transmission and supply lines and cables, and electronic and telecommunications equipment and systems. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

Tasks performed usually include: Installing, maintaining, fitting and adjusting electrical and electronic wiring systems, machinery and equipment; examining blueprints, wiring diagrams and specifications to determine sequences and methods of operation; inspecting and testing electrical and electronic systems, equipment, cables and machinery to identify hazards, defects, and the need for adjustment or repair; installing maintaining and repairing electrical and telecommunications transmission lines; joining electrical, telecommunications and data cables; maintaining, troubleshooting, fitting, adjusting, testing and repairing electronic equipment such as commercial and office machines and electronic instruments and control systems, computers, telecommunications and data transmission equipment.


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Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 741 Electrical equipment installers and repairers 742 Electronics and telecommunications installers and repairersNotes

741 Electrical equipment installers and repairers

Electrical equipment installers and repairers install, fit and maintain electrical wiring systems and related equipment, electrical machinery and other electrical apparatus and electrical transmission and supply lines and cables.

Tasks performed usually include: Installing, maintaining, fitting and adjusting electrical wiring systems, machinery and equipment; examining blueprints, wiring diagrams and specifications to determine sequences and methods of operation; inspecting and testing electrical systems, equipment, cables and machinery to identify hazards, defects, and the need for adjustment or repair; installing maintaining and repairing electrical transmission lines; joining electrical cables.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7411 Building and related electricians 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters 7413 Electrical line installers and repairersNotes

7411 Building and related electricians

Building and related electricians install, maintain and repair electrical wiring systems and related equipment and fixtures.

Tasks include -(a) Installing, maintaining and repairing electrical wiring systems and related equipment in various

buildings such as schools, hospitals, commercial establishments, residential buildings and other structures;

(b) Examining blueprints, wiring diagrams and specifications to determine sequences and methods of operation;

(c) Planning layout and installation of electrical wiring, equipment and fixtures, based on job specifications and relevant standards;

(d) Inspecting electrical systems, equipment, and components to identify hazards, defects, and the need for adjustment or repair;

(e) Selecting, cutting and connecting wire and cable to terminals and connectors;(f) Measuring and laying out installation reference points;(g) Positioning and installing electrical switchboards;(h) Testing continuity of circuit.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Electrician - Building repairs electrician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Electrical fitter - 7412 - Electrical mechanic - 7412 - Electrical line installer – 7413Notes

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7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters

Electrical mechanics and fitters fit, adjust, install and repair electrical machinery and other electrical apparatus and equipment in buildings, factories, workshops, or other places.

Tasks include -(a) Fitting, adjusting and repairing various kinds of electrical machinery and motors, generators,

switchgear and control apparatus, instruments, or electrical parts of elevators and related equipment;(b) Fitting, adjusting and repairing electrical parts in domestic appliances, industrial machines and other

appliances;(c) Inspecting and testing manufactured electrical products;(d) Installing, testing, connecting, commissioning, maintaining and modifying electrical equipment,

wiring and control systems; (e) Designing, installing, maintaining, servicing and repairing electric and hydraulic passenger and freight

lifts, escalators, moving walkways and other lift equipment;(f) Connecting electrical systems to power supply;(g) Replacing and repairing defective parts.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Armature builder - Electrical generator fitter - Electrical mechanic - Lift mechanic

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Electronics mechanic – 7421 - Electrical equipment assembler – 8212Notes

7413 Electrical line installers and repairers

Electrical line installers and repairers install, repair and join electrical transmission and supply cables and related equipment.Tasks include -(a) Installing and repairing overhead and underground electrical power and electrical traction lines;(b) Making joints in overhead and underground cables;(c) Adhering to safety practices and procedures, such as checking equipment regularly and erecting

barriers around work areas;(d) Opening switches or attaching grounding devices to remove electrical hazards from disturbed or

fallen lines or to facilitate repairs;(e) Climbing poles or using truck-mounted buckets to access equipment;(f) Identifying defective sectionalising devices, circuit breakers, fuses, voltage regulators, transformers,

switches, relays, or wiring, using wiring diagrams and electrical-testing instruments.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Electric cable jointer - Electric power line worker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Data and telecommunications cabler - 7422 - Telecommunications line worker – 7422Notes

742 Electronics and telecommunications installers and repairers

Electronics and telecommunications installers and repairers fit, maintain, adjust and repair electronic equipment such as commercial and office machines and electronic instruments and control systems and install, repair and maintain telecommunications equipment, data transmission equipment, cables, antennae and repair, fit and maintain computers.


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Tasks performed usually include: Examining and testing machines, equipment, instruments and control systems to diagnose faults; adjusting, repairing, and replacing worn and defective parts and wiring, and maintaining machines, equipment and instruments; installing electronic instruments and control systems; fitting and adjusting electronic equipment; maintaining, troubleshooting, fitting, adjusting, testing and repairing computers, data transmission equipment and computer peripherals; installing, maintaining, repairing, and diagnosing malfunctions of microwave, telemetry, multiplexing, satellite and other radio and electromagnetic wave communications systems; providing technical advice and information, and monitoring the performance of complex telecommunications networks and equipment; installing, joining and repairing cabling for computer, radio, telephone and television transmission; installing, maintaining and repairing antennae used in communications.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7421 Electronics mechanics and servicers 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicersNotes

7421 Electronics mechanics and service

Electronics mechanics and service professionals fit, maintain, adjust and repair electronic equipment such as commercial and office machines and electronic instruments and control systems.

Tasks include:(a) Examining and testing machines, instruments, components, other equipment, instruments and control

systems to identify faults;(b) Adjusting, repairing, and replacing worn and defective parts and wiring, and maintaining machines,

equipment and instruments;(c) Reassembling, test operating and adjusting equipment;(d) Installing electronic instruments and control systems;(e) Coordinating work with that of engineers, technicians, and other maintenance personnel;(f) Interpreting test data to diagnose malfunctions and systemic performance problems;(g) Installing, adjusting, repairing or replacing electrical and electronic components, assemblies, and

systems using hand tools, power tools, or soldering irons;(h) Connecting components to assemblies such as radio systems, instruments, magnetos, inverters, and

in-flight refueling systems;(i) Keeping records of maintenance and repair work.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aircraft maintenance engineer (avionics) - Avionics technician - Automated teller machines mechanic - Electronics mechanic - Electronic equipment servicer - Photocopy machine technician

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Air traffic safety technician – 3155Notes

7422 Information and communications technology installers and service

Information and communications technology (ICT) installers and service professionals install, repair and maintain telecommunications equipment, data transmission equipment, cables, antennae and conduits and repair, fit and maintain computers.

Tasks include -(a) Maintaining, troubleshooting, testing and repairing computers, data transmission equipment and

computer peripherals;(b) Fitting and adjusting computer hardware;

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(c) Installing, maintaining, repairing, and diagnosing malfunctions of microwave, telemetry, multiplexing, satellite and other radio and electromagnetic wave communications systems;

(d) Providing technical advice and information, and monitoring the performance of complex telecommunications networks and equipment;

(e) Installing and repairing cabling for computer, radio, and telephone and television transmission;(f) Joining telecommunications and data cables and sealing sheathes;(g) Installing, maintaining and repairing antennae used in communications.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Data and telecommunications cabler - Computer equipment fitter - Communications technician - Hardware technician - Telecommunications technician - Telephone installer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Engineering technician (telecommunications) – 3522

Notes

75 Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers

Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers treat and process agricultural and fisheries raw materials into food and other products, and produce and repair goods made of wood, textiles, fur, leather, or other materials. The work is carried out by hand and by hand-powered and other tools which are used to reduce the amount of physical effort and time required for specific tasks, as well as to improve the quality of the products. The tasks call for an understanding of the work organization, the materials and tools used, and the nature and purpose of the final product.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Treating and processing meat, fish, grain, fruit, vegetables and related materials into food stuffs, and tobacco into tobacco products; tasting and grading food products and beverages; treating and processing natural fibers, skins and hides; making and repairing furniture and other goods made of wood; preparing hides, skins and pelts for further use; making and repairing textiles, garments, hats, shoes and related products. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 751 Food processing and related trades workers 752 Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades workers 753 Garment and related trades workers 754 Other craft and related workersNotes

751 Food processing and related trades workers

Food processing and related trades workers slaughter animals, treat and prepare them and related food items for human and animal consumptions, make various kinds of bread, cakes and other flour products, process and preserve fruit, vegetables and related foods, taste and grade various food products and beverages, or prepare tobacco and make tobacco products.

Tasks performed usually include: slaughtering animals; treating meat and fish and preparing them and related food items; making various kinds of bread, cakes and other flour products; processing and preserving fruit, vegetables and related foods; tasting and grading various food products and beverages; preparing tobacco and making tobacco products. Supervision of workers may be included.


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Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: - 7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers - 7512 Bakers, pastry - cooks and confectionary makers - 7513 Dairy product makers - 7514 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers - 7515 Food and beverage tasters and graders - 7516 Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers 7512 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers 7513 Dairy-products makers 7514 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers 7515 Food and beverage tasters and graders 7516 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makersNotes

7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers

Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers slaughter animals, clean, cut and dress meat and fish, remove bones and prepare related food items or preserve meat, fish and other foods and food products by drying, salting or smoking.

Tasks include -(a) Slaughtering animals;(b) Flaying and trimming carcasses;(c) Boning, cutting and dressing meat and fish for sale or further processing;(d) Preparing ingredients and making sausages and similar products using chopping, mixing and shaping

machines;(e) Curing meat, fish and other foods;(f) Operating smokehouses or ovens to smoke meat, fish and other foodstuffs(g) Cooking or in other ways preparing meat, fish and related food items for sale;(h) Selling meat or fish to customers, including wrapping, weighing and labeling products, and receiving

payment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Butcher - Fish filleter - Fishmonger - Slaughterer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Shop keeper - 5221 - Meat processing machine operator–8160 - Fish processing machine operator–8160Notes

7512 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers

Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers make various kinds of bread, cakes, and other flour products, as well as handmade chocolate and sugar confectionery.

Tasks include -(a) Making bread, cakes, biscuits, pastries, pies and other flour products;(b) Making handmade confectionery from mixtures of sugar, chocolate and other ingredients using hand

tools and some machines;(c) Combining measured ingredients in bowls of mixing, blending, or cooking machinery;

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(d) Checking the quality of raw materials to ensure that standards and specifications are met;(e) Applying glazes, icings, or other toppings to baked goods, using spatulas or brushes;(f) Checking the cleanliness of equipment and operation of premises before production runs to ensure

compliance with occupational health and safety regulations;(g) Monitoring oven temperatures and product appearance to determine baking times;(h) Coordinating the forming, loading, baking, unloading, de-panning and cooling of batches of bread,

rolls, pastry and confectionary products.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Baker - Confectioner - Chocolate maker - Pastry-cook

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cook - 5120 - Bakery products machine operator - 8160 - Bread production machine operator- 8160 - Chocolate production machine operator- 8160Notes

7513 Dairy products makers

Dairy products makers process butter and various types of cheese, cream or other dairy products.

Tasks include -(a) Boiling or pasteurising milk to achieve specified butter fat content(b) Separating cream from milk and churning cream into butter;(c) Dumping measured amounts of starter and other ingredients into milk;(d) Curdling milk, heating curd until it reaches desired firmness, draining curd and placing cheese into

moulds to press it into shape;(e) Salting cheese and piercing or smearing cheese with cultured wash to develop mould growth;(f) Placing and turning cheese blocks on shelves to cure cheese;(g) Monitoring product quality before packaging by inspecting, taking samples and adjusting treatment

conditions when necessary;(h) Recording amounts of ingredients used, test results, and time cycles

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Butter maker - Cheese maker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Dairy products machine operator - 8160 - Milk processing machine operator - 8160Notes

7514 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers

Fruit, vegetable and related preservers process or preserve fruit, nuts and related foods in various ways including cooking, drying, salting, or juice or oil extraction.

Tasks include -(a) Extracting juices from various fruits;(b) Extracting oils from oil-bearing seeds, nuts or fruits;(c) Cooking, salting or drying fruit, vegetables and related foods;(d) Mixing and adding ingredients such as pectin, sugar, spices and vinegar to assist preservation and

enhance texture, appearance and flavour;(e) Transferring preserved foods to sterile jars, bottles or other containers


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Chutney maker - Fruit preserver - Jam maker - Oil expeller - Vegetable /fruit pickler - Vegetable preserver

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Canning machine operator -8160Notes

7515 Food and beverage tasters and graders

Food and beverage tasters and graders inspect, taste and grade various types of agricultural products, food and beverages.

Tasks include -(a) Inspecting, testing, tasting and smelling agricultural products, food and beverages at various stages of

processing;(b) Determining quality, acceptability to consumer tastes and approximate value of products and grading

them into appropriate classes;(c) Discarding inferior products;(d) Recording the grade and/or identification numbers on tags, receiving, or sales sheets;(e) Weighing and measuring products.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Food grader - Food taster - Liquor taster - Tea taster - Wine tasterNotes

7516 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers

Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers prepare tobacco leaves and make various tobacco products.

Tasks include -(a) Grading cured tobacco leaves by type, quality and locality where grown;(b) Mixing tobacco leaves according to formula to obtain a blend of distinct flavour;(c) Tending vacuum container which moistens tobacco for further processing;(d) Removing midribs and stalks from tobacco leaves and shredding tobacco;(e) Making cigars, cigarettes, snuff and other tobacco products by hand or with simple machines.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cigar maker - Cigarette maker - Tobacco grader

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cigar production machine -operator- 8160 - Cigarette production machine operator – 8160Notes

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752 Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades workers

Wood treaters, cabinet-makers and related trades workers preserve and treat wood; produce wafer boards, particleboards, hardboards, insulation boards, plywood, veneers and similar wood products; and make, decorate and repair wooden furniture, vehicles and other wooden products. They use specialized hand tools and set-up, operate and tend wood processing and woodworking equipment, machines and machine tools.

Tasks performed usually include: Operating and tending treating and other equipment to dry lumber and other wood products, and to treat chemically and impregnate wood products with preservatives; operating woodworking machines to cut, shape and form parts and components; studying plans, verifying dimensions of articles to be made, fitting parts together to form complete units and checking the quality and fit of pieces to ensure adherence to specifications; setting and adjusting various kinds of machines for operation by others; setting-up, programming, operating and monitoring several types of woodworking machines to fabricate, repair or refinish wooden parts for furniture, fixtures and other wood products; and reading and interpreting specifications or following verbal instructions.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7521 Wood treaters 7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers 7523 Woodworking-machine tool setters and operatorsNotes

7521 Wood treaters

Wood treaters operate and tend wood treatment processing equipment and machines to remove bark from logs, produce wood chips, season, preserve and treat wood, and produce waferboards, particleboards, hardboards, insulation boards, plywood, veneers and similar wood products.Tasks include -(a) Operating and tending kilns, treating tanks and other equipment to dry lumber, prepare and season

wood and other wood products, and to treat chemically and impregnate wood products with preservatives;

(b) Monitoring equipment operation, gauges, and panel lights in order to detect deviations from standards and to ensure that processes are operating according to specifications;

(c) Assisting in maintaining processing equipment and machines as required;(d) Cleaning, lubricating and adjusting equipment;(e) Transporting materials and products to and from work areas, manually or using carts, hand trucks, or

hoists;(f) Completing and maintaining production reports.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dry kiln operator - Lumber kiln operator - Veneer dryer tender - Wood seasoner - Wood treater

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Wood processing plant operators – 8172Notes

7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers

Cabinet-makers and related workers make, decorate and repair wooden furniture, carts and other vehicles, wheels, parts, fittings, patterns, models and other wooden products using woodworking machines, machine tools and specialized hand tools.


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Tasks include -(a) Operating woodworking machines, such as power saws, jointers, mortisers and shapers, and using

hand tools to cut, shape and form parts and components;(b) Studying plans, verifying dimensions of articles to be made, or preparing specifications and checking

the quality and fit of pieces in order to ensure adherence to specifications; (c) Trimming joints and fitting parts and subassemblies together to form complete units using glue and

clamps, and reinforcing joints using nails, screws or other fasteners;(d) Making, restyling and repairing various wooden articles, such as cabinets, furniture, vehicles, scale

models, sports equipment and other parts or products;(e) Decorating furniture and fixtures by inlaying wood, applying veneer and carving designs;(f) Finishing surfaces of wooden articles or furniture.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cabinet-maker - Cartwright - Furniture cabinet-maker - Wheel-wright - Wood patternmaker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Carpenters and joiners - 7115 - Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified - 7549 - Wood and related products assemblers – 8219Notes

7523 Woodworking machine tool setters and operators

Woodworking machine tool setters and operators set-up or operate and monitor automatic or semi-automatic woodworking machines, such as precision sawing, shaping, planning, boring, turning and woodcarving machines to fabricate or repair wooden parts for furniture, fixtures and other wooden products.

Tasks include -(a) Setting-up, programming, operating and monitoring several types of woodworking machines for

sawing, shaping, boring, drilling, planning, pressing, turning, sanding or carving to fabricate or repair wooden parts for furniture, fixtures and other wooden products;

(b) Operating preset special-purpose woodworking machines to fabricate wooden products such as coat hangers, mop handles, clothes pins and other products;

(c) Selecting knives, saws, blades, cutter heads, cams, bits, or belts according to work piece, machine functions and product specifications;

(d) Installing and adjusting blades, cutter heads, boring-bits and sanding-belts, and using hand tools and rules;

(e) Setting and adjusting various kinds of woodworking machines for operation by others;(f) Reading and interpreting specifications or following verbal instructions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Carving machine operator (wood) - Furniture production machine operator - Precision woodworking sawyer - Wood products machine operator - Wood turner - Woodworking lathe operator - Woodworking machine setter - Woodworking machine setter-operator - Woodworking machine set-up operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Wood and related products assemblers – 8219Notes

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753 Garment and related trades workers

Garment and related trades workers fit, alter and repair tailored clothing; design, and make textile and fur garments, leather or fur products; repair, renovate and decorate garments, gloves and other products of textile; create patterns for garments; install, repair and replace upholstery of furniture, fixtures, orthopedic appliances and furnishings of automobiles; trim, scrape, tan, buff and dye animal hides, pelts or skins; modify and repair footwear and leather articles.

Tasks performed usually include: Fitting, altering, repairing tailored clothing; designing and making made-to-measure clothing, from textile fabrics, light leather and other material, or make hats or wigs; make garment style changes; creating precision master patterns for production of garments, other textile, and leather or fur products; sewing together, joining, darning, repairing, renovating and decorating garments, gloves and other products of textile, fur, light leather and other materials and fabricating and assembling sails, awnings and tarpaulins; installing, repairing and replacing upholstery of furniture, fixtures, orthopedic appliances; seats, panels, and other furnishings of automobiles, railway coaches, aircraft, ships and similar items; trimming, scraping, cleaning, tanning, buffing and dying animal hides, pelts or skins to produce leather stock and finished furs for making garments and other products; making, modifying and repairing standard, custom or orthopedic footwear and natural or synthetic leather articles.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7531 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters 7532 Garment and related patternmakers and cutters 7533 Sewing, embroidery and related workers 7534 Upholsterers and related workers 7535 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers 7536 Shoemakers and related workersNotes

7531 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters

Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters fabricate, fit, alter and repair tailored or hand-made clothing; They produce made-to-measure clothing such as suits, overcoats, and dresses from textile fabrics, light leather, fur and other material, or make hats or wigs according to customer’s and clothing manufacturer’s specifications.

Tasks include -(a) Making overcoats, suits, skirts, shirts, blouses, lingerie, corsetry, hats, wigs and similar garments often

to clients’ individual requirements;(b) Selecting textile fabrics, leather or fur pelts matching the desired size, colour, texture, and quality of

the garment; cutting to shape them to garment pattern and arranging them on pattern according to the design of the garment;

(c) Making garment style changes, such as tapering trouser legs, narrowing lapels, and adding or removing padding;

(d) Selecting and modifying commercial patterns to customers’ and clothing manufacturers’ specifications and fit;

(e) Fitting, altering and repairing tailored clothing, dresses, coats and other made-to-measure garments according to customers’ requests;

(f) Making and caring for costumes used in theatrical, television and motion picture productions;(g) Folding, twisting, and draping material, such as satin or silk, or sewing ribbon or cloth in the form of

artificial flowers or bows around crown and brim to shape and decorate hats;(h) Sewing, and fastening together materials and hair strands to make wigs;(i) blending shades of hair to give natural appearance to wigs and arranging woven hair in specified

position and sewing hair together to form hairpiece;(j) Making, altering, restyling and repairing fur garments and other fur articles;(k) Reclaiming furs or skins from old coats, gluing fabric to interior of fur coats and trimming fur garments.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dressmaker - Furrier - Milliner - Tailor


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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Textile handicraft worker - 7318 - Sewing machine operator – 8153Notes

7532 Garment and related patternmakers and cutters

Textile, leather and related patternmakers and cutters create precision master patterns for production of garments, other textile, and leather or fur products. They mark, cut, shape and trim textile, light leather and other materials according to blueprints or specifications in the manufacture of garments, hats and caps, gloves and miscellaneous products.

Tasks include -(a) Creating a master pattern for each size within a range of garment sizes, using charts, drafting

instruments, computers, and/or grading devices; (b) Creating the “blueprint” or pattern pieces for a particular apparel design with the aid of a computer;(c) Calculating dimensions of patterns according to sizes, considering stretching of material;(d) Drawing details on outlined parts to indicate where parts are to be joined, as well as the positions

of pleats, pockets, buttonholes on garments, decorative stitching on shoe parts or eyelets on canvas products , using computers or drafting instruments;

(e) Positioning templates or measuring materials to locate specified points of cuts or to obtain maximum yields and mark fabric accordingly;

(f) Laying out master pattern on fabric and cutting sample pattern;(g) Testing patterns by making and fitting sample garments;(h) placing patterns on top of layers of fabric and cutting fabric following patterns, using electric or

manual knives, cutters or computer numerically controlled cutting devices;(i) Cutting fabric or fur pelts to make parts for garments and other fur articles;(j) Trimming excess material or cutting threads off finished products, such as cutting loose ends of a

finished product;(k) Positioning leather on cutting bed of machine, maximizing usage according to skin grain, skin flaws

and skin stretch; (l) Performing pattern-making, marking and cutting tasks in the manufacture of other products such as

soft furnishings and canvas goods.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Garment cutter - Glove cutter - Fur pattern-maker - Garment pattern-maker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Textile pattern-making machine operator – 8159Notes

7533 Sewing, embroidery and related workers

Sewing, embroidery and related workers sew together, repair, renovate and decorate garments, gloves and other products of textile, fur, light leather and other materials and fabricate tents sails, awnings and tarpaulins. They work mainly by hand using a needle and thread but may perform some tasks using a sewing machine.

Tasks include -(a) Repairing defective or damaged portion of cloth or garment by hand, using matching thread and

needle;(b) Removing stitches from garments to be altered, using rippers or razor blades;(c) Selecting thread according to specifications or colour of parts or dying thread to match colour and

shade of cloth to be darned;(d) Patching holes, sewing tears and ripped seams, or darning defects in items, using needles and thread;(e) Pulling knots to the wrong sides of garments, using hooks; (f) Trimming ends with scissors to make mended portion look uniform with pattern of cloth;

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(g) Sewing ornamental designs by hand over stamped, printed or stenciled patterns on fabric using needle and coloured thread;

(h) Embroidering ornamental designs on cloth by hand or machine using needle and coloured threads;(k) Softening leather or shoe material with water to prepare it for sewing;(l) Sewing or gluing decorative trimmings to articles, such as hats, caps, or millinery;(o) Hand sewing umbrella covers to frames, tacking cover to ribs along seams and sewing corners to tip

of rib and sewing ties to outside of cover to hold umbrella when folded;(p) Fabricating and assembling thick cloth, canvas and like materials into sails, awning, tarpaulins and

tents.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Embroiderer - Sewer - Umbrella maker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Dressmaker - 7531 - Textiles handicraft worker - 7318 - Sewing machine operator – 8153Notes

7534 Upholsterers and related workers

Upholsterers and related workers install, repair and replace upholstery of furniture, fixtures, orthopedic appliances; seats, panels, convertible and vinyl tops and other furnishings of automobiles, railway coaches, aircraft, ships and similar items with fabric, leather, refine or other upholstery material. They also make and repair cushions, quilts and mattresses.Tasks include -(a) Discussing upholstery fabric, colour, and style with customers and providing cost estimate for

upholstering furniture or other items;(b) Making upholstery patterns from sketches, customer descriptions or blueprints;(c) Laying out, measuring and cutting upholstery materials following patterns, templates, sketches, or

design specifications;(d) Installing, arranging and securing springs, padding and covering material to furniture frames;(e) Sewing upholstery materials by hand to seam cushions and joining sections of covering materials;(f) Sewing rips or tears in material or creating tufting, using needle and thread;(g) Tacking, gluing or sewing ornamental trims, buckles, braids, buttons and other accessories to covers

or frames on upholstered items;(h) Laying out, cutting, fabricating and installing upholstery in aircrafts, motor vehicles, railway cars,

boats and ships;(i) Repairing raw hide covering of artificial limbs;(j) Renovating antique furniture using a variety of tools including ripping chisels, magnetic hammers and

long needles;(k) Collaborating with interior designers to decorate rooms and coordinate furnishing fabrics;(l) Making quilts cushions and mattresses.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Mattress maker - Furniture upholsterer - Vehicle upholsterer - Orthopedic upholsterer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Sewing machine operator – 8153Notes


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7535 Pelt dressers, tanners and fell mongers

Pelt dressers, tanners and fell mongers trim, scrape, clean, tan, buff and dye animal hides, pelts or skins to produce leather stock and finished furs for making garments and other products.

Tasks include -(a) Sorting and grading pelts, hides and skins according to colour, shading, size and density; (b) Scraping particles of flesh, fat, or protective tissue from skins or pelts to clean and soften them;(c) Removing hair from skin or hides soaked in lime water;(d) Preparing hides by curing them with salt;(e) Removing long, coarse hair from pelts and trimming underlying hair to even length;(f) Tanning and dressing pelts to improve luster and beauty or restore natural appearance of pelts;(g) Preparing bark and myrobalan liquor for treating hides or skins;(h) Treating hides and skins in tanning solution to convert them into leather;(i) Tinting or dyeing furs to enhance natural shades of fur;(j) Removing wrinkles and setting grains on wet hide or skin;(k) Dressing and applying dyes and stains to leather;(l) Stretching and smoothing dressed pelts;(m) Seasoning leather by applying chemical solution or oil evenly on surface by hand brush and allowing

it to dry in open air.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Fell monger - Pelt grader - Tanner

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Tanning machine operator – 8155Notes

7536 Shoemakers and related workers

Shoemakers and related workers make, modify and repair standard, custom or orthopedic footwear and natural or synthetic leather articles, such as luggage, handbags and belts, (except for leather garments, hats and gloves), or participate in the manufacture of shoes and related goods. They decorate, reinforce or finish shoes, luggage, handbags and belts.

Tasks include -(a) Making, modifying and repairing standard footwear to meet individual requirements;(b) Making, modifying and repairing orthopedic or therapeutic footwear according to doctors’

prescriptions, or modifying existing footwear for people with foot problems and special needs;(c) Repairing belts, luggage, purses and similar products;(d) Taking plaster casts of deformed legs or foot to prepare drawings;(e) Preparing inserts, heel pads, and lifts from casts of customers’ feet;(f) Studying drawings and other specifications to make footwear according to customer’s needs;(g) Studying work orders and/or shoe part tags to obtain information about workloads, specifications, and

the types of materials to be used;(h) Checking the texture, colour, and strength of leather to ensure that it is adequate for a particular

purpose;(i) Cutting out, shaping and padding parts for making leather articles;(j) Sewing rips or patching holes to repair articles, such as purses, belts, shoes, and luggage;(k) Removing and examining shoes, shoe parts, and designs to verify conformance to specifications such

as proper embedding of stitches in channels;(l) Attaching accessories or ornamentation to decorate or protect products;(m) Making and repairing articles such as saddles and harnesses for animals, luggage, handbags, brief-

cases, leather bags, belts and other accessories.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cobbler - Saddler - Shoemaker - Orthopedic shoemaker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Furrier - 7531 - Hatter - 7531 - Shoe production machine operator - 8156Notes

754 Other craft and related workers

Other craft and related workers work under the surface of water, using underwater breathing apparatus; position, assemble, and detonate explosives; inspect and test, raw materials, manufactured components and products; remove unwanted organisms to prevent damage to crops and buildings and other structures. This group includes other trade and craft occupations not classified elsewhere in major group 7, Craft and related trades workers


Ensuring safety precautions; performing various underwater tasks, loading explosives into blast holes; mixing chemicals according to instructions; operating and monitoring equipment for spraying pests and weeds.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 7541 Underwater divers 7542 Shotfirers and blasters 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) 7544 Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

7541 Underwater divers

Underwater divers work under the surface of water, using underwater breathing apparatus to inspect, install, repair, and remove equipment and structures, conduct tests or experiments, rig explosives, photograph structures or marine life or find and recover missing items and persons.

Tasks include -(a) Taking safety precautions, such as monitoring dive lengths and depths, and registering with authorities

before diving expeditions begin;(b) Checking and maintaining diving equipment such as helmets, masks, air tanks, diving suits, harnesses

and gauges;(c) Descending into water with the aid of diver helpers, using scuba gear or diving suits(d) Working under water to lay and repair bridges, piers and harbour-wall foundations;(e) Inspecting for suspected damage and making minor repairs to ships’ hulls and underwater installations;(f) Reporting on condition of wrecked ships;(g) Removing underwater obstructions;(h) Drilling holes for underwater blasting;(i) Performing various underwater tasks connected with salvage work or recovering dead bodies;(j) Communicating with workers on the surface while underwater, using signal lines or telephones;(k) Obtaining information about diving tasks and environmental conditions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Salvage frogman - Underwater workerNotes


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7542 Shot firers and blasters

Shot firers and blasters, position, assemble, and detonate explosives at mining, quarrying and demolition sites.

Tasks include -(a) Ensuring workplace safety and explosives handling, storage and transport procedures and regulations

are followed;(b) Planning and giving instructions for the lay out, depth and diameter of blast holes;(c) Checking depth and cleanliness of blast holes;(d) Determining quantity and type of explosives to be used;(e) Loading explosives into blast holes;(f) Assembling, or directing other workers to assemble, primer charges using detonators and explosive

cartridges, and attaching electrical wires, fuses and detonating cords to primers;(g) Connecting wires, fuses and detonator cords into series, testing electrical circuits and repairing

malfunctions, and connecting series to blasting machines;(h) Covering charges, filling blast holes with rock dust, sand and other materials, and tamping material to

compact charges;(i) Ensuring all explosives are detonated, and reporting and attending to misfires;(j) Declaring blast areas safe before and after detonation of explosives;(k) Compiling and maintaining records about usage of explosives in compliance with laws and regulations.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Blaster - Powder man - Powder monkey - Shot firerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Driller (mining) - 8111 - Driller (oil or gas well) - 8113 - Mining Supervisor - 3121 - Mining labourer - 9311 - Quarry labourer – 9311Notes

7543 Product graders and testers (except foods and beverages)

Product graders and testers (except foods and beverages) inspect , test, sort, sample, and weigh raw materials, manufactured components and non-comestible goods produced or sold, to ensure compliance with quality standards and to identify defects, wear, and deviations from specifications, and to grade and classify them according to their quality.

Tasks include -(a) Inspecting and testing products, parts and materials for conformity with specifications and standards;(b) Grading and classifying natural textile fibers for spinning and winding;(c) Discarding or rejecting products, materials, and equipment not meeting specifications; (d) Analyzing and interpreting blueprints, data, manuals, and other materials to determine specifications,

inspection and testing procedures; (e) Notifying supervisors and other personnel of production problems, and assisting in identifying and

correcting these problems; (f) Recording inspection or test data, such as weights, temperatures, grades, or moisture content, and

quantities inspected or graded; (g) Marking items with details such as grade and acceptance or rejection status; (h) Measuring dimensions of products using instruments such as rulers, calipers, gauges, or micrometers; (i) Analyzing test data and making computations as necessary to determine test results.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Quality inspector - Product grader - Wool classer

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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Product safety inspector - 3257 - Fruit grader - 7515 - Vegetable grader - 7515 - Fur grader - 7531 - Pelt grader – 7535Notes

7544 Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers

Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers use chemicals to remove harmful insects, small animals, wild plants and other unwanted organisms to prevent damage to crops and to buildings and other structures and their surroundings and to prevent health risks.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring equipment for spraying pests and weeds;(b) Mixing chemicals according to instructions;(c) Covering areas to specified depths with pesticides, applying knowledge of weather conditions, droplet

sizes, elevation-to-distance ratios, and obstructions;(d) Spraying or releasing chemical solutions or toxic gases and setting traps to kill pests and vermin, such

as mice, termites, and roaches;(e) Lifting, pushing, and swinging nozzles, hoses, and tubes in order to direct spray over designated areas;(f) Filling sprayer tanks with water and chemicals;(g) Cleaning and servicing machinery to ensure operating efficiency.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Fumigator - Pest controller - Weed controllerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Aerial crop sprayer – 3153Notes

7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified

This group covers craft and trade occupations not classified elsewhere in major group 7, Craft and related trades workers. For instance, the group includes those who mould, slice, grind and polish optical lenses.

In such cases tasks would include:(a) Heating, moulding and pressing optical glass to make lens blanks;(b) Grinding and polishing lens blanks.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Optical lens finisher - Optical lens moulderNotes

8 Plant and machine operators, and assemblers

Plant and machine operators, and assemblers operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control, drive and operate trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment, or assemble products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment as well as an ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to technological innovations. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the second ISCO skill level.


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Tasks performed by plant and machine operators and assemblers usually include:

Operating and monitoring mining or other industrial machinery and equipment for processing metal, minerals, glass, ceramics, wood, paper, or chemicals, ; operating and monitoring machinery and equipment used to produce articles made of metal, minerals, chemicals, rubber, plastics, wood, paper, textiles, fur, or leather, and which process foodstuffs and related products; driving and operating trains and motor vehicles; driving, operating and monitoring mobile industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment; assembling products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 81 Stationary plant and machine operators 82 Assemblers 83 Drivers and mobile plant operatorsNotes

81 Stationary plant and machine operators

Stationary plant and machine operators operate and monitor, on the spot or by remote control, industrial plant and machinery and equipment that are stationary, or for which mobility is not an integral part of operation. The work mainly calls for experience with and an understanding of the industrial plant, machinery or equipment being operated and monitored. Ability to cope with machine-paced operations and to adapt to innovations in machinery and equipment is often required.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include:

Setting up, operating and monitoring a variety stationary plant and machinery; detecting malfunctions and taking corrective action; examining outputs for defects and conformity to specifications and adjusting machine settings accordingly; performing maintenance, repairs and cleaning; recording data and maintaining production records. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups:

Notes

811 Mining and mineral processing plant operators

Mining and mineral processing plant operators operate and monitor plant and machinery which extract rock and minerals from the earth, process minerals and stone, drill wells and bores, and manufacture and finish cement and stone products.

Tasks performed usually include: Setting up, operating and monitoring a variety of mining and mineral processing plant and machinery such as drilling rigs and auxiliary machines and equipment, continuous mining machinery, and cutting, crushing, grinding, pumping and mixing plant and machinery; operating washing, separating, extracting and combining equipment to remove waste and recover minerals; operating plant and machinery to make cement, concrete, artificial stone, and precast concrete and stone products; monitoring the performance of a variety of plant and machinery, detecting malfunctions and taking corrective action; performing plant and machinery maintenance, repairs and cleaning; and maintaining production records.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8111 Miners and quarriers 8112 Mineral and stone processing plant operators 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers 8114 Cement, stone and other mineral products machine operatorsNotes

Mining Supervisors are classified in Unit Group 3121.

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8111 Miners and quarriers

Miners and quarriers operate plant, machinery and hand tools to extract rock, minerals and non-metallic deposits from underground and surface mines and quarries.

Tasks include -(a) Positioning, operating and monitoring the performance of a variety of underground and surface

mining equipment including continuous mining, cutting and channeling plant;(b) Setting up and operating drilling equipment in underground and surface mines and quarries;(c) Operating machinery and using tools to remove loosened rock, ore, coal and other deposits;(d) Preparing, fitting and installing supports in underground workings including rock bolts;(e) Operating machinery to open new shafts, drives, air vents and rises;(f) Operating auxiliary plant such as pumps to expel air, water and mud;(g) Performing minor maintenance and repairs and lubricating and cleaning plant, machines and tools;(h) Completing records detailing operations completed during shifts;(i) Collecting mineral samples for laboratory analysis.

Examples of the occupations classified here: Bogger Operator - Continuous Miner Operator - Dragline Operator (mining) - Mining Plant Operator - Miner - Quarrier - Roof Bolter (mining)Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Blaster - 7542 - Driller (oil or gas well) - 8113 - Mining Labourer - 9311 - Mining Supervisor - 3121 - Quarry Labourer - 9311 - Shotfirer – 7542Notes

8112 Mineral and stone processing plant operators

Mineral and stone processing plant operators operate and monitor machinery and equipment for processing rocks, minerals and stone to recover refined products for immediate use or further processing.

Tasks include -(a) Setting up and operating stationary plant and machinery which grind, crush, cut, saw and slice rocks,

minerals and stones according to the specifications for the job;(b) Positioning blocks and slabs of stone onto machines for sawing, cutting and further working;(c) Monitoring and maintaining the flow of unprocessed rocks, minerals and stones from conveyors into

machines;(d) Operating washing, separating, leaching, precipitating, filtering, extracting and combining equipment

to remove waste material and recover minerals;(e) Combining mineral ores with solvents to facilitate further processing;(f) Separating metal and mineral concentrates from ore and alluvial deposits by thickening, flotation,

gravity separation, filtration, and or magnetic and electrostatic separation;(g) Observing meters, gauges and control panels, and adjusting valves and controls to ensure the safe and

efficient operation of equipment, and detecting malfunctions, and assisting with plant and machinery maintenance and repair;

(h) Examining processed materials visually or with hands to ensure compliance with established standards and job specifications, and may collect samples for testing in laboratories;

(i) Recording information about processing completed during shifts, such as quantities, types and dimensions of materials produced;

(j) Sorting, stacking and moving processed minerals and stone for packaging, further processing or shipping.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Coal washer - Crusher operator (mineral or stone processing) - Flotation worker (mineral processing) - Gold precipitator - Machine operator (stone cutting or processing) - Milling machine operator (minerals)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Stone Cutter (hand or hand-powered tools) – 7113 - Stonemason - 7113 - Stone Polisher (hand or hand-powered tools) - 7113 - Stone Splitter (hand or hand-powered tools) - 7113 - Machine Operator (cast stone production) - 8114 - Stone Polishing Machine Operator – 8114Notes

8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers

Well drillers and borers and related workers position, assemble and operate drilling machinery and related equipment to sink wells, extract ore, liquids and gases or for a variety of other purposes.

Tasks include -(a) Dismantling, moving and assembling drilling rigs and auxiliary equipment;(b) Assembling and dismantling pipes, casings and drill heads, and replacing dysfunctional equipment;(c) Operating controls to lower and raise drill pipes and casings in and out of wells, regulate pressure in

the well and control the speed of tools;(d) Preparing drilling fluid and checking the operation of pumps to ensure adequate circulation of fluid

in drill pipe and well;(e) Monitoring gauges and other indicators and listening to equipment to detect malfunctions and unusual

well conditions, and determining the need to change drilling or equipment;(f) Maintaining, adjusting, repairing and cleaning drilling rigs, hoisting and other machinery;(g) Maintaining records of drilling and servicing operations;(h) Operating machines and tools to extract dust, cuttings and lost and broken drilling equipment from

holes and wells;(i) Closing and sealing wells no longer in use;(j) May supervise and train crew members.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Boring equipment operator - Bore sinker - Derrickman - Derrick operator - Developmental driller - Directional driller - Drilling rig operator - Jumbo operator - Power-tong operator - Toolpusher - Tourpusher

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Blaster - 7542 - Miner - 8111 - Quarrier – 8111Notes

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8114 Cement, stone and other mineral products machine operatorsCement, stone and other mineral products machine operators operate and monitor machines for manufacturing and finishing precast concrete, bitumen, and stone products, and making cast stone for building purposes.

Tasks include -(a) Operating extrusion, moulding, mixing, pumping, compacting, grinding and cutting machinery to

manufacture and finish precast concrete and stone products;(b) Operating plant to produce cement, lime and clinker, including loading and unloading ingredients

and operating continuous feed equipment such as pumps and conveyors;(c) Operating plant and machines which weigh and mix sand, gravel, cement, water and other ingredients

to make concrete;(d) Operating plant and machinery which assembles and fills moulds with concrete and artificial stone

mixtures, removes castings from moulds and finishes surfaces of precast products;(e) Cutting, grinding, drilling, sandblasting and polishing concrete products and stone blocks, slabs and

products to the specifications for the job;(f) Checking production plans and specifications to determine and select materials, ingredients,

procedures, components, settings and adjustments for extrusion, moulding, mixing and compacting machines;

(g) Monitoring plant and machines during operation by observing instruments such as temperature and pressure gauges, and adjusting controls and reporting malfunctions as necessary;

(h) Collecting and examining samples of mixtures and finished products for conformity to specifications and adjusting machine settings accordingly;

(i) Checking and maintaining production records, including information about quantities, dimensions and types of materials and goods produced;

(j) Arranging and assisting with plant and machinery maintenance and repair.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cast-concrete products machine operator - Cast-stone products machine operator - Concrete production machine operator - Industrial diamond polishing machine operator - Stone polishing machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Stone polisher (hand or hand-powered tools) - 7113 - Clay brick and tile kiln operator - 8181 - Kiln operator (cement production) - 8114 - Stone processing machine operator - 8112 - Extruding clay press operator – 8181Notes

Examples of products produced by operators of plant and machines in this unit group include: mixed concrete for use in civil engineering and construction projects, flagstones, concrete bricks and tiles, fencing posts, moulded pipe sections and trench liners, concrete railway sleepers, walling and partition slabs, building components, cable conduits, fume and dust extraction conduits, abrasive wheels and outdoor furniture.

812 Metal processing and finishing plant operators

Metal processing and finishing plant operators, operate and monitor single function process control machinery and equipment to control the conversion, processing and finishing of mineral ores and metals.


Setting up, preparing and adjusting metal and ore processing and finishing machinery; coordinating and monitoring the operation of a particular aspect of metal processing production and finishing; verifying equipment for malfunctions, monitoring gauges, carrying out routine operating tests and arranging for maintenance; checking, testing and analyzing sample products; recording data and writing production logs.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8121 Metal processing plant operators 8122 Metal finishing, plating and coating machine operators

Notes


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8121 Metal processing plant operators

Metal processing plant operators, operate, monitor, adjust and maintain, single process machinery and equipment to process and convert mineral ores and refine, harden, roll and extrude metals.

Tasks include -(a) Setting up, preparing and adjusting mineral ore and metal processing machinery to carry out one step

in the overall mineral ore or metal processing operation; (b) Operating single-function machinery to grind, separate, filter, mix, treat, cast, roll, refine or otherwise

process metals and mineral ores; (c) Observing gauges, meters, computer printouts, video monitors and products to ensure correct

operation of machine and verify specified processing conditions;(d) Adjusting equipment, valves, pumps, controls and process equipment;(e) Controlling the preparation, measuring and feeding of raw materials and processing agents into plant;(f) Controlling process start-up and shut-down, troubleshooting and monitoring outside process

equipment;(g) Verifying equipment for malfunctions, carrying out routine operating tests and arranging for

maintenance;(h) Analyzing sample products, performing tests, recording data and writing production logs.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Ladle pourer - Steel roller - Metal heat treating operator - Metal extrusion plant operatorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Blast furnace operator - 3135 - Central control caster - 3135 - Rolling mill control operator – 3135 - Metal coating machine operator – 8122Notes

8122 Metal finishing, plating and coating machine operators

Metal finishing-, plating- and coating-machine operators operate and monitor equipment which finishes, plates and coats metal articles or parts, in order to give them improved resistance to corrosion and abrasion, for decorative purposes, or to impart electrical or magnetic properties.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring equipment which cleans metal articles in preparation for electroplating,

galvanising, enamelling or similar processes;(b) Operating and monitoring electroplating equipment;(c) Operating and monitoring hot-dip equipment used to coat iron and steel products;(d) Operating and monitoring machines which automatically coat wire with non ferrous metal;(e) Operating and monitoring equipment used to spray molten metal or other substances on metal

products to provide a protective or decorative coating or to build up worn or damaged surfaces;(f) Operating and monitoring equipment used to impart a rust-resistant finish to metal articles by treating

them with chemicals and heating them;(g) Checking proper thickness of plating using micrometers, callipers or other devices recording data and

writing production logs;(h) Preparing and mixing metalling solutions according to formulas or specifications.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Metal coating machine operator - Metal finishing machine operator - Metal plating machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Metal processing control operator – 3135Notes

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813 Chemical and photographic products plant and machine operators

Chemical and photographic products plant and machine operators operate and monitor machines which process a variety of chemicals and other ingredients to produce pharmaceuticals, toiletries, explosives and photographic or other chemical products.


Operating and monitoring machines and equipment which blend, mix, package and otherwise process chemicals and chemical products to give them the desired properties for further industrial production, or to make finished products. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8131 Chemical products plant and machine operators 8132 Photographic products machine operators

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Chemical processing plant controllers - 3133 - Petroleum and natural gas refinery operators - 3134Notes

8131 Chemical products plant and machine operators

Chemical products plant and machine operators monitor and operate units and machinery to blend, mix, process and package a wide range of chemical products.

Tasks include - (a) Setting up, starting, controlling, adjusting and stopping machines and plant;(b) Monitoring reaction processes and transfers of products in conformance with safety procedures; (c) Monitoring meters, gauges and electronic instrumentation on one or more chemical or formulation

units, such as mixers, kettles, blenders, dryers, tabulating, encapsulation, granulation and coating machines;

(d) Measuring, weighing and loading chemical ingredients following formulation cards;(e) Taking samples and performing routine chemical and physical tests of products and recording

production data;(f) Cleaning and performing minor repairs to machines and plant.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Blender/petroleum and natural gas refining (ethyl) operator - Still/petroleum and natural gas refining machine operator - Pharmaceutical and toiletry products machine operators - Candle production machine operator - Explosive products machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Chemical processing plant controllers -3133 - Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators – 3134Notes

8132 Photographic products machine operators

Photographic-products machine operators operate and monitor equipment which makes photographic film and paper, and which processes exposed photographic film and makes prints.Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring equipment which makes photographic film and paper;(b) Operating, monitoring and testing photographic processing and printing equipment, and maintaining

operational standards (c) Preparing exposed film for different processing batches in dark rooms and dark chambers;


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(d) Inspecting images, films, prints and adjusting settings on print-making equipment to produce required colour, brightness, contrast, number, size and type of prints

(e) Adjusting settings and running automatic developing equipment (f) Operating equipment to transfer film to video tape or other electronic media;(g) Performing photographic processing related tasks;(h) Operating automatic equipment (in retail establishments) to develop colour negatives, prints and

slides;

Examples of occupations classified here: - Darkroom technician - Photographic processor - Photographic film printer - Developing machine operator - photography - Enlarging machine operator- photography - Photographic-film machine operator - Printing/photography (colour) machine operator - Film/colour developer - Photograph enlarger - Photograph printer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - 3431 PhotographersNotes

814 Rubber, plastic and paper products machine operators

Rubber, plastic and paper products machine operators operate and monitor machines which knead and blend rubber and rubber compounds, and produce various components and products from natural and synthetic rubber and plastics or produce different paper products from paper, paperboard, cardboard and similar materials.Tasks performed usually include: Operating and monitoring machines which knead and blend rubber and rubber compounds, and produce various components and products from natural and synthetic rubber and plastics; operating and monitoring machines which produce various paper products; examining outputs for defects and conformity to specifications and adjusting machine settings accordingly.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8141 Rubber products machine operators 8142 Plastic products machine operators 8143 Paper products machine operatorsNotes

8141 Rubber products machine operators

Rubber-products machine operators operate and monitor machines which knead and blend rubber and rubber compounds, and produce various components and products from natural and synthetic rubber, such as moulded footwear, domestic articles, insulating materials, industrial accessories, or tyres.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring machines which knead mix and blend rubber and rubber compounds for

further processing;(b) Operating and monitoring machines which produce sheets of rubber or rubberised fabric by a rolling

process;(c) Operating and monitoring machines which extrude compounded rubber or shape vulcanised rubber

by moulding;(d) Operating and monitoring machines which build up tires on a form vulcanize tires and mould or

rebuild used tires;(e) Examining outputs for defects and conformity to specifications;(f) Locating defects and repairing worn and faulty tyres by vulcanizing or other processes.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Latex worker - Extruding/rubber machine operator - Rubber milling machine operator - Rubber moulder - Rubber products machine operator - Tyre maker - Tyre repairer - VulcaniserNotes

8142 Plastic products machine operators

Products machine operators operate and monitor machines which knead and blend compounds to obtain plastic materials and which make various plastic components and articles.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring machines which knead and blend compounds to obtain plastic materials;(b) Operating and monitoring machines which shape plastic materials by moulding, extrusion, blowing,

cutting and other means;(c) Operating and monitoring machines which laminate plastics and plastic impregnated materials or

produce fiberglass;(d) Encasing uncoated wire, cord, cable and optic fiber in plastic;(e) Examining outputs for defects and conformity to specifications;(f) Recycling waste plastic materials;(g) Making artificial eyes and contact lens discs, making and repairing spectacle frames and plastic parts

of orthopedic appliances.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Plastics boat builder - Plastics bottle blowing machine operator - Laminated press operator, plastics - Plastic extrusion machine operator - Plastics products machine operator - Optic fiber drawer - Plastic cable making machine operator - Plastic moulderNotes

8143 Paper products machine operators

Paper products machine operators operate and monitor machines which produce boxes, envelopes, bags and other goods from paper, paperboard, cardboard and similar materials.

Tasks include -(a) operating and monitoring machines which glue paper to cardboard, cut it to the required length or

cut and crease cardboard or paperboard to form box blanks;(b) Operating and monitoring pressing machines which form drinking cups or other containers from

paper, paperboard or cardboard;(c) Operating and monitoring machines which cut, fold and glue paper to make envelopes and paper

bags, or which form bags from other similar materi

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Machine operator (cardboard products) - Machine operator (envelope and paper bag production) - Machine operator (paper box production) - Paper products machine operator - Papier mache moulderNotes


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815 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators

Textile, fur and leather products machine operators operate and monitor various types of machines which prepare, process and treat fibers, yarn, thread, leather, fur; produce, modify and repair footwear, garments and manufacture or dry clean textiles or fur and light leather articles

Tasks include Operating and monitoring weaving and knitting machines which process yarn or thread into woven, non-woven and knitted products; operating and monitoring machines which prepare fibers, and spin, double, twist and wind yarn and thread from natural textile fibers; operating and monitoring sewing machines to make, repair, darn and renovate textile, fur, synthetic or leather garments or embroider ornamental designs on garments or other materials; operating and monitoring machines which bleach, shrink, dye, and otherwise treat fibers, yarn, cloth or dry clean garments, fur, rugs, carpets; operating and monitoring various machines which prepare leather or treat fur- or wool-bearing pelts; operating and monitoring machines which produce, modify and repair standard, custom or orthopedic footwear and leather articles, such as luggage, brief cases, handbags.

Occupations in this Minor Group are classified into the following unit groups: 8151 Fiber preparing, spinning and winding machine operators 8152 Weaving and knitting machine operators 8153 Sewing machine operators 8154 Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators 8155 Fur and leather preparing machine operators 8156 Shoemaking and related machine operators 8157 Laundry machine operators 8159 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classifiedNotes

8151 Fiber preparing, spinning and winding machine operators

Fiber-preparing, spinning and winding machine operators operate and monitor machines which prepare fibers, and spin, double, twist and wind yarn and thread from natural textile fibers. They twist two or more strands of yarn to prepare single stronger, smoother, uniform and heavier strands and treat textiles to make them stiff and water resistant.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring machines for tearing woolen rags into fiber;(b) Operating and monitoring machines for cleaning and turning woolen yarn waste into fluffed wool;(c) Operating and monitoring machines which combine textile fibers into uniform blends;(d) operating and monitoring machines which clean and fluff textile fibres, transform them into sliver,

comb them into sliver for first drawing, combine slivers into sliver lap or sliver laps into ribbon lap;(e) Operating draw frame (machine) having number of drawing sets, each set combining several slivers

into one of nearly same weight and thickness as any of original sliver;(f) Operating and monitoring machines which spin thread and yarn from roving, wind two or more

threads onto bobbin, twist two or more strands of yarn or thread into single strands of yarn to increase strength, smoothness and/or uniformity of yarn, or wind yarn or thread from one package to another;

(g) Operating and monitoring spinning frame that draws out and twists roving or sliver into yarn;(h) Operating and monitoring machines for drawing slivers received from drawing machine into loosely

twisted strands;(i) Preparing sizing for use in stiffening and finishing cloth and yarn by mixing ingredients such as starch,

tallow, resins, soaps and water and boiling mixture for specified time in steam;(j) Treating textiles with chemicals to make them water resistant;(k) Cleaning rollers and cylinders of carding machines to remove wool waste; (l) Operating and resurfacing metal drawing rolls of various spinning, combing and lapping machines

with new rubber or leather covers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Fiber preparing machine operator - Spinning/thread and yarn machine operator - Twisting/thread and yarn machine operator - Winding/thread and yarn machine operatorNotes

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8152 Weaving and knitting machine operators

Weaving and knitting machine operators set up, operate and monitor weaving and knitting machines which process yarn or thread into woven, non-woven and knitted products such as cloth, lace, carpets, rope, industrial fabric, hosiery and knitted garments or to quilt and embroider fabric

Tasks include -(a) Setting up and operating batteries of automatic, link-type knitting machines to knit garments of

specified pattern and design;(b) Threading yarn, thread, and fabric through guides, needles, and rollers of machines for weaving,

knitting, or other processing;(c) Tending automatic looms that simultaneously weave pile yarn, filling yarn, and warp yarn material to

produce carpets and rugs with various colored designs;(d) Operating and monitoring loom on which yarn or twist is intersected and knotted at regular intervals

to form mesh;(e) Operating and monitoring large automatic multi-needle machines to embroider material or to sew

lengths of several layers of material to make yard goods, quilts or mattress coverings;(f) Tending circular knitting machines with automatic pattern controls that knit seamless hose;(g) Operating and monitoring knitting machines to knit hosiery to shape of foot and leg;(h) Operating and monitoring machine for knitting heel and toes of socks into ribs or tops cut from

circular fabric;(i) Operating and monitoring machine which seams openings in toes of socks;(j) Operating and monitoring crocheted machine to knit lace, trimming etc. of desired pattern or design;(k) Examining looms to determine causes of loom stoppage, such as warp filling, harness breaks, or

mechanical defects;(l) Repairing or replacing worn or defective needles and other components;(m) Cleaning, oiling, and lubricating machines, using air hoses, cleaning solutions, rags, oil cans, and/or

grease guns.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Knitting machine operator - Net production machine operator - Weaving machine operator - Weaving/carpets machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Knitter - 7318 - Carpet weaver - 7318 - Cloth weaver – 7318Notes

8153 Sewing machine operators

Sewing machine operators operate and monitor sewing machines to make, repair, darn and renovate textile, fur, synthetic or leather garments or embroider ornamental designs on garments or other materials. They operate button hole making and eyelet holing machines to cut holes, stitch around holes, stitch buttons and fix eyelets to garments. Tasks include -(a) Operating or tending sewing machines to perform garment sewing operations, such as joining,

reinforcing, seaming or decorating garments or garment parts;(b) Attaching buttons, hooks, zippers, fasteners, or other accessories to fabric, using feeding hoppers or

clamp holders;(c) Tending semiautomatic sewing machines with multiple-sewing heads controlled by pattern chain that

embroiders various designs on garments;(d) Operating machines, such as single or double needle surging and flat-bed felling machines, to

automatically join, reinforce, or decorate material or articles;(e) Operating fur sewing machines to join fur pelt strips to required size and shape and join pelts into

garment sections or shells;(f) Operating stitching machines to sew leather parts together for leather garments, handbags, gloves;


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(g) Monitoring machine operation to detect problems such as defective stitching, breaks in thread, or machine malfunctions;

(h) Performing equipment maintenance tasks such as replacing needles.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Sewing machine operator - Embroidery machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Embroiderer - 7533 - Furrier - 7531 - Handicraft /textiles worker - 7318 - Sewer - 7533 - Tailor – 7531Notes

8154 Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators

Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators operate and monitor machines that bleach, shrink, dye, and otherwise treat fibers, yarn or cloth.

Tasks include -(a) Starting and controlling machines and equipment to bleach, dye, or otherwise process and finish

fabric, yarn, thread, and/or other textile goods;(b) Tending machines that shrink woven or knitted cloth to predetermined size or strengthen the weave

by interlocking the fibers;(c) Tending a variety of automatic machines that comb and polish furs;(d) Operating and monitoring machines that treat silk to give it body and weight;(e) Operating and monitoring machines that impregnate textiles with chemicals to render them waterproof;(f) Dyeing articles to change or restore their colours;(g) Operating and monitoring machines that stretch, or impart luster, or other type of finish to textiles;(h) Tending and regulating equipment that fumigates and removes foreign matter from furs; (i) Operating machines that comb, dry and polish furs, clean, sterilize and fluff feathers and blankets;(j) Keying in processing instructions to program electronic equipment;(k) Observing display screens, control panels, equipment, and cloth entering or exiting processes to

determine if equipment is operating correctly;(l) Cleaning machine filters and lubricating equipment;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Fabric bleaching machine operator - Textile dyeing machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Laundry machine operator - 8157 - Hand launderer - 9121 - Hand presser – 9121Notes

8155 Fur and leather preparing machine operators

Fur and leather preparing machine operators operate and monitor various machines that prepare leather or treat fur- or wool-bearing pelts. They trim, scrape, clean, tan, buff and dye animal hides, pelts or skins to produce leather stock and finished furs.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring machines which remove flesh and fat from hides or pelts to clean and

soften them prior to processing;(b) Operating and monitoring machines which remove long coarse hair from fur pelts, trim hair to even

length and dye, stretch and smooth dressed pelts;

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(c) Operating and monitoring machines to remove epidermis hair roots, pigment cells and lime salts from grain side of skin;

(d) Operating and monitoring machines to reduce thickness of hide or skin to uniform size;(e) Operating and monitoring machines to polish or roughen hides or skins to specified finish;(f) Operating and monitoring machines which separate residual wool from skins, or flesh and hair from

hides;(g) Operating and monitoring machines in which hides are split edgeways to form two or more pieces or

to give uniform thickness;(h) Operating and monitoring machines which treat hides and skins in solutions to convert them into

leather;(i) Treating surface of leather with oil and operating glazing machine to give glossy finish to leather;(j) Operating and monitoring machines which apply dyes and stains to leather(k) Maintaining and repairing vats and other machinery

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dehairing/hide machine operator - Staining/leather machine operator - Tanning machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Pelt dyer - 7535 - Tanner – 7535Notes

8156 Shoemaking and related machine operators

Shoemaking and related machine operators operate and monitor machines which produce and repair standard or special footwear, handbags and other accessories, mainly made of leather.

Tasks include:(a) Operating and monitoring machines which mark patterns and cut shoe parts;(b) Operating and monitoring machines which sew shoe parts together, or edge, polish, or apply

ornaments and perform finishing tasks;(c) Operating and monitoring machines which produce luggage, handbags, belts and other accessories,

as well as other items such as saddles, collars or harnesses;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Machine operator (footwear production)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cobbler - 7536 - Handicraft worker (leather) – 7318Notes

8157 Laundry machine operators

Laundry machine operators operate laundry, dry cleaning, pressing and fabric treatment machines in laundries and dry-cleaning establishments.

Tasks include -(a) Sorting articles for cleaning according to the type colour, fabric and cleaning treatment required;(b) Placing sorted articles into receptacles and onto conveyor belts for moving to repair and cleaning

areas;(c) Checking and removing stains from garments, and replacing buttons and making minor repairs;(d) Loading and unloading washing machines, driers and extractors;(e) Adding cleaning agents and starches to articles;(f) Smoothing articles and guiding them through cleaning and pressing machines;(g) Stopping and starting machines to untangle, straighten and remove articles;(h) Placing articles on shelves and hanging articles for delivery and collection;(i) Packaging articles and preparing orders for dispatch.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dry-cleaning machine operator - Laundry machine operator - Pressing machine operator (laundry)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Hand launderer - 9121 - Hand presser – 9121Notes

8159 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers textile, fur and leather products machine operators not classified elsewhere in Minor group 815, Textile, fur and leather products machine operators. For instance, the group includes those engaged in operating and monitoring machines which make hats, tents, mattresses or miscellaneous articles such as braids or other trimmings.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring machines which form and make hats out of textiles, fur or leather;(b) Operating and monitoring machines which make miscellaneous articles such as braids or other

trimmings;(c) Operating and monitoring machines that fold cloth into measured length;(d) Operating and monitoring machines that wind thread, twine, or yarn into balls preparatory to shipping

or further processing;(e) Operating and monitoring machines to measure size of pieces of leather.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Braid making machine operator - Hat making machine operator - Textile pattern making machine operator - Tent making machine operatorNotes

816 Food and related products machine operators

Food and related machine operators set, operate and attend machinery used to slaughter animals, trim meat from carcasses; bake, freeze, heat, crush, mix, blend and otherwise process foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco leaves.

Task performed usually include: Operating and monitoring machinery used to restrain, stun, slaughter animals and trim carcasses into standard meat and fish cuts; setting, operating and attending machinery and ovens to mix, bake and otherwise prepare bread and flour confectionery products; operating machinery to crush, mix, malt, cook and ferment grains and fruits to produce beer, wines, malt liquors, vinegar, yeast and related products; attending equipment to make jam, toffee, cheese, processed cheese, margarine, syrup, ice, pasta, ice-cream, sausages, chocolate, maize starch, edible fats and dextrin; operating equipment to cool, heat, dry, roast, blanch, pasteurize, smoke, sterilize, freeze, evaporate and concentrate foodstuffs and liquids used in food processing; mixing, pulping, grinding, blending and separating foodstuffs and liquids with churning, pressing, sieving, grinding and filtering equipment; processing tobacco leaves by machine to make cigarettes, cigars, pipe and other tobacco products.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8160 Food and related products machine operatorsNotes

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8160 Food and related products machine operators

Food and related machine operators set, operate and attend machinery used to slaughter animals, trim meat from carcasses; bake, freeze, heat, crush, mix, blend and otherwise process foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco leaves.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring machinery used to restrain, stun, slaughter animals and trim carcasses into

standard meat and fish cuts;(b) Setting, operating and attending machinery and ovens to mix, bake and otherwise prepare bread and

flour confectionery products;(c) Operating machinery to crush, mix, malt, cook and ferment grains and fruits to produce beer, wines,

malt liquors, vinegar, yeast and related products;(d) Attending equipment to make jam, toffee, cheese, processed cheese, margarine, syrup, ice, pasta, ice-

cream, sausages, chocolate, maize starch, edible fats and dextrin;(e) Operating equipment to cool, heat, dry, roast, blanch, pasteurize, smoke, sterilize, freeze, evaporate

and concentrate foodstuffs and liquids used in food processing;(f) Mixing, pulping, grinding, blending and separating foodstuffs and liquids with churning, pressing,

sieving, grinding and filtering equipment;(g) Processing tobacco leaves by machine to make cigarettes, cigars, pipe and other tobacco products.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bakery products machine operator - Bread production machine operator - Chocolate production machine operator - Cigar production machine operator - Cigarette production machine operator - Dairy products machine operator - Fish processing machine operator - Meat processing machine operator - Milk processing machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bottling machine operator – 8183Notes

817 Wood processing and papermaking plant operators

Wood processing and papermaking plant operators monitor, operate, and control automated lumber mill equipment sawing wood, cutting veneer and making plywood, and otherwise preparing wood for further use. Pulp mill machine operators operate and monitor various types of processing machinery and equipment to produce pulp.

Tasks include -(a) Examining logs and rough lumber to determine size, condition, quality and other characteristics to

decide best lumber cuts to carry out, or operating automated equipment to convey logs through laser scanners which determine the most productive and profitable cutting patterns;

(b) Sorting, stacking and placing logs and wood billets onto conveyors and lathes from trucks for processing into chips, veneers and pulp;

(c) Operating and monitoring screening equipment, bleaching equipment, digesters, mixing tanks, washers, and other pulp processing machinery and equipment to carry out one or more cellulose processing steps;

(d) Observing equipment and machinery panel indicators, gauges, level indicators and other equipment instruments to detect machinery and equipment malfunctions and ensure process steps are carried out according to specifications;

(e) Operating and monitoring plywood core-laying machines and hot-plate plywood presses and machines which cut veneer;

(f) Transporting processed wood products, such as plywood, chipboard sheets and panels to work areas.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8171 Pulp and papermaking plant operators 8172 Wood processing plant operatorsNotes


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8171 Pulp and papermaking plant operators

Pulp and papermaking plant operators operate and monitor multi-function process control machinery and processing equipment to control the processing of wood, scrap pulp and other cellulose materials in the production of pulp.

Tasks include -(a) Coordinating and monitoring the operation of screening equipment, washing equipment, digesters,

mixing tanks and other pulp processing equipment from automated panel boards in central control room to control the processing of wood, scrap pulp, recyclable paper and other cellulose materials;

(b) Operating and monitoring screening equipment, bleaching equipment, digesters, mixing tanks, washers and other pulp processing machinery and equipment to carry out one or more cellulose processing steps;

(c) Controlling start-up and shut-down of process machinery and equipment, and observing equipment and machinery panel indicators, gauges, level indicators and other equipment instruments to detect machinery and equipment malfunctions and ensure process steps are carried out according to specifications;

(d) Analyzing instrument readings and production test samples and making adjustments to pulp production process and equipment as required;

(e) Completing and maintaining production reports.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Paper and pulp mill worker - Pulp and paper assistant bleacher operator - Pulp and paper digester operator - Pulp and paper grinderman/woman - Pulp and paper refiner operator - Pulping control operator - Pulping technician - Repulper operator - Thermo-mechanical pulp assistant operatorNotes

8172 Wood processing plant operators

Wood processing plant operators monitor, operate, and control automated lumber mill equipment for sawing timber logs into rough lumber, cutting veneer, making plywood and particle board, and otherwise preparing wood for further use.

Tasks include -(a) Examining logs and rough lumber to determine size, condition, quality and other characteristics to

decide best lumber cuts to carry out, or operating automated equipment to convey logs through laser scanners which determine the most productive and profitable cutting patterns;

(b) Operating and monitoring log in-feed and conveyor systems;(c) Operating and monitoring automated lumber mill equipment from control rooms or equipment

consoles head saws, resaws and multiplied saws to saw logs, cants, flitches, slabs or wings and remove rough edges from sawn timber into dressed lumber of various sizes, and saw or split shingles and shakes;

(d) Operating and monitoring plywood core-laying machines and hot-plate plywood presses and machines which cut veneer;

(e) Cleaning and lubricating sawmill equipment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Circular-saw operator - Log cut-off operator - Plywood press-operator - Sawmill operator - Sawmill planer operator - Sawmill trimmer operator - Wood-processing plant sawyer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Wood treaters – 7521Notes

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818 Other stationary plant and machine operators

This unit group includes stationary plant and machine operators not classified elsewhere in sub-major group 81, Stationary plant and machine operators. The group includes, for instance, operators of machines which make silicon chips and splice cables and ropes.

Task performed usually include: Monitoring kilns, furnaces and other machinery and equipment used in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, porcelain, tiles or bricks; operating machines to anneal, harden or decorate glass and ceramics; maintaining and operating stationary steam engines, boilers, turbines and auxiliary equipment; operating and monitoring machines which weigh, pack and label products, or fill containers with products;

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8181 Glass and ceramics plant operators 8182 Steam engine and boiler operators 8183 Packing, bottling and labeling machine operators 8189 Stationary plant and machine operators not elsewhere classifiedNotes

8181 Glass and ceramics plant operators

Glass and ceramics plant operators operate and monitor kilns, furnaces and other machinery and equipment used in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, porcelain, tiles or bricks. They operate machines to anneal, harden or decorate glass and ceramics.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring glass-making furnaces to make glass by melting and fusing pre-mixed

ingredients(b) Tending hot- or cold-end spray equipment used to coat glassware with surface hardener(c) Operating and maintaining machines that press or blow molten glass in moulds to form or shape

containers, such as bottles, jars and drinking glasses (d) Operating hand press to mould glass into required shape(e) Operating drawing kiln to process molten glass into continuous sheet of flat glass(f) Operating and monitoring floating-glass production plant(g) Operating and maintaining finishing machines to grind, drill, sand, bevel, decorate, wash or polish

glass or glass products (h) Setting and operating press machines to mould ceramic articles from moist clay.(i) Operating machines to mix clay with water to knead it into a suitable plastic condition or semi-liquid

form for making ceramic products(j) Operating and monitoring kilns which bake pottery, porcelain ware and bake bricks and tiles;(k) Operating and monitoring machines for making glaze or abrasives;(l) Operating and monitoring machines which extrude molten glass to form fiberglass filaments;(m) Observing finished products to identify splits, cracks, breaks, colour and other imperfections.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Furnace-operator, glass production - Kiln-operator, brick and tile - Kiln-operator, pottery and porcelain - Machine operator, blowing/glass - Machine operator, mixing/clay - Machine operator, mixing/glass

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Blower, glass - 7315 - Cutter, glass -7315 - Moulder, brick and tile – 7314Notes


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8182 Steam engine and boiler operators

Steam engine and boiler operators maintain and operate various types of steam engines, boilers, turbines and auxiliary equipment to provide power and other utility services for commercial, industrial and institutional buildings, at work sites and aboard ships or self-propelled vessels.(a) Operating, cleaning, lubricating and monitoring steam engines, boilers and auxiliary equipment such

as pumps, compressors and air-conditioning equipment to supply and maintain steam and power for buildings, marine vessels or pneumatic tools;

(b) Analyzing and recording instrument readings, troubleshooting and performing minor repairs to prevent equipment or system failure;

(c) Monitoring and inspecting performance of equipment for efficient operation and ensuring boiler water, chemical, and fuel levels are maintained at required levels;

(d) Firing coal furnaces by hand or with stokers and gas- or oil-fed boilers, using automatic gas feeds or oil pumps;

(e) Testing boiler water quality or arrange for testing, adjusting and taking necessary corrective action, such as adding chemicals to prevent corrosion and harmful deposits;

(f) Monitoring ship’s engine, machinery and equipment indicators, recording variables and reporting abnormalities to ship engineer officer on watch;

(g) Operating and maintaining off-loading liquid pumps and valves.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Boiler tender - Ship’s boiler operator - Stationary engineer - Steam engine operator - Stoker - Thermal plant operatorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Ship’s engineer - 3151 - Stationary engine fitter – 7233Notes

8183 Packing, bottling and labeling machine operators

Packing, bottling and labeling machine operators operate and monitor machines which weigh, pack and label various products, or fill different containers with products.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring machines that weigh, wrap, seal and pack various products;(b) operating and monitoring machines that fill and seal tubes, bottles, cans, boxes, bags and other

containers with products, such as food, beverages, paints, oils and lotions;(c) Operating and monitoring machines those, by gluing or other methods, label products, packages and

various containers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bottle filler - Labeling machine operator - Packing machine operator - Wrapping machine operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Hand packer – 9321Notes

8189 Stationary plant and machine operators not elsewhere classified

This unit group includes stationary plant and machine operators not classified elsewhere in sub-major group 81, Stationary plant and machine operators. The group includes, for instance, operators of machines which make silicon chips and splice cables and ropes.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Silicon chip production machine operator - Cable and rope splicing machine operatorNotes

82 Assemblers

Assemblers assemble prefabricated parts or components to form subassemblies, products and equipment, according to strictly laid down procedures. The products worked on may be moved from one worker to the next along assembly lines.Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Assembling components into various types of products and equipment, according to strictly laid down procedures.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 821 AssemblersNotes

821 Assemblers

Assemblers assemble prefabricated parts or components to form subassemblies, products and equipment, according to strictly laid down procedures. The products worked on may be moved from one worker to the next along assembly lines.

Tasks performed usually include: Assembling components into various types of products and equipment, according to strictly laid down procedures; reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and drawings to determine materials needed and assembly instructions; recording production and operational data on specified forms; inspecting and testing completed components and assemblies, wiring installations and circuits; rejecting faulty assemblies and components.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers 8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers

Mechanical machinery assemblers assemble, according to strictly laid down procedures, component parts of mechanical machinery such as engines, motor vehicles, turbines and aircraft.

Tasks include -(a) Assembling and installing prefabricated parts or components to form subassemblies, mechanical

machinery, engines and finished motor vehicles;(b) Reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and drawings to determine materials needed and

assembly instructions; (c) Recording production and operational data on specified forms;(d) Inspecting and testing completed components and assemblies;(e) Rejecting faulty assemblies and components;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Gearbox assembler - Engine assembler - Bench fitter (trucks) - Vehicle assembler - Engine installer - Aircraft assembler - Turbine assembler


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Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bicycle assembler - 8219 - Electro-mechanical equipment assembler – 8212Notes

8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers assemble or modify, according to strictly laid down procedures, components of electrical, electro-mechanical and electronic equipment.

Tasks include -(a) Assembling component parts and electrical and electronic systems and positioning, aligning and

fastening units to assemblies, sub-assemblies, or frames using hand or power tools, soldering and micro-welding equipment.;

(b) Reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and drawings to determine materials needed and assembly instructions;

(c) Recording production and operational data on specified forms;(d) Operating wire-coiling machines to wind wire coils used in electrical equipment and components such

as registers, transformers, armature wires, electric motors and generators;(e) Inspecting and testing completed components and assemblies, wiring installations and circuits and

rejecting faulty assembly components;

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Armature assembler - Assembler, electronic equipment - Electrical equipment assembler - Electromechanical equipment assembler - Electronic equipment assembler - Etcher (printed circuit board) - Telephone assembler - Television assembler

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Precision instrument-makers – 7311 - Electronics mechanics and servicers – 7421Notes

8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified

Assemblers not elsewhere classified assemble, according to strictly laid down procedures various products that do not include electronic, electrical, or mechanical components.

Tasks include -(a) Assembling component parts and positioning, aligning and fastening units to assemblies, sub-

assemblies, or frames using hand or power tools, soldering and micro-welding equipment;(b) Reviewing work orders, specifications, diagrams and drawings to determine materials needed and

assembly instructions;(c) Recording production and operational data on specified forms;(d) Inspecting and testing components and completed assemblies;(e) Rejecting faulty products.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Ammunition assembler - Assembler, metal products (except mechanical) - Assembler, plastic products - Assembler, rubber products - Assembler, wood products - Box builder

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- Bicycle assembler - Door assembler - Eyeglass frame assembler - Furniture finisher, wood - Jewellery assembler - Knife assembler - Leather products assembler - Luggage finisher - Paperboard products assembler - Pen and pencil assembler - Plastic toy assembler - Sun-blinds assembler - Textile products assembler - Thermos bottle assembler - Umbrella makerNotes

83 Drivers and mobile plant operators

Drivers and mobile plant operators drive and tend trains and motor vehicles, or drive, operate and monitor industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment, or execute deck duties on board ship and other water-borne craft.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Driving and tending trains and motor vehicles; driving, operating and monitoring mobile industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment; carrying out deck duties on board ship and other water-borne craft.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 831 Locomotive engine drivers and related workers 832 Car, van and motorcycle drivers 833 Heavy truck and bus drivers 834 Mobile plant operators 835 Ships’ deck crews and related workersNotes

831 Locomotive engine drivers and related workers

Locomotive engine drivers and related workers drive, or assist in driving, locomotive engines to transport passengers and freight, take charge of and safeguard railway freight trains during runs, control the movement of railway traffic by operating signals, switch rolling stock and make up trains in railway yards, make up trains for hauling in mines and control their movement.

Tasks performed usually include Driving or assisting in driving railway engines, operating railway signals, switching rolling stock and making up trains in railway yards, making up trains in mines and controlling their movement.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8311 Locomotive engine drivers 8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operatorsNotes

8311 Locomotive engine drivers

Locomotive-engine drivers drive, or assist in driving, locomotive engines to transport passengers and freight.


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Tasks include -(a) Driving or assisting in driving a steam, electric or diesel-electric locomotive engine;(b) Driving an underground or elevated passenger train;(c) Driving a locomotive to haul carriages underground or on the surface of a mine or quarry;(d) Watching for track hazards, observing signals and indicator gauges;(e) Operating communications systems to communicate with train crews and traffic controllers to ensure

safe operation and scheduling of trains.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Locomotive driver - Train driver

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Tram driver – 8331Notes

Drivers of vehicles that operate on fixed rail systems that are separated from public roadways are classified in Unit Group 8311 Locomotive engine drivers. Drivers of vehicles for passenger transportation on fixed rails that are incorporated in the public roadway are classified in Unit Group 8331, Bus and tram drivers.

8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operators

Railway brakers, signallers and shunters take charge of and safeguard railway freight trains during runs, control the movement of railway traffic by operating signals, switch rolling stock and make up trains in railway yards, make up trains for hauling in mines and control their movement.

Tasks include -(a) Taking charge of and safeguarding freight train during run;(b) Controlling flow of railway traffic over section of line by operating signals and switches from control

panel or signal box;(c) Switching and coupling rolling stock in railway yards and sidings in accordance with orders about

loading, unloading and make-up of trains;(d) Making up trains for hauling by locomotive or cable and directing their movement along haulage

ways in a mine or quarry;(e) Checking train systems and equipment such as air conditioning and heating systems, brakes and

brake hoses prior to train run.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Braker, railway - Shunter, railway - Signaller, railwayNotes

832 Car, van and motorcycle drivers

Car, van and motorcycle drivers drive and tend motor cycles, motorized tricycles, cars or vans to transport passengers, materials or goods.


Driving and tending motor cycles, motorized tricycles, cars or vans in order to transport materials, goods or passengers.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8321 Motorcycle drivers 8322 Car, taxi and van driversNotes

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8321 Motorcycle drivers

Motor-cycle drivers drive and tend motor cycles or motorized tricycles equipped to transport materials, goods or passengers.Tasks include -(a) Driving and tending motor cycle or motorized tricycle to transport materials, goods and passengers;(b) Observing traffic rules and signals;(c) Cleaning and washing vehicle as well as performing maintenance and minor repairs;(d) Keeping a record of journeys;(e) Delivering messages.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dispatch rider - Driver (motorized rickshaw) - Driver (motorized tricycle) - Motorcyclist

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Driver (pedal vehicle) – 9331Notes

8322 Car, taxi and van drivers

Car, taxi and van drivers drive and tend motor cars and vans to transport passengers, mail or goods.

Tasks include -(a) Driving and tending passenger, vans, cars or taxis;(b) Driving and tending cars, vans or small trucks to deliver mail or goods;(c) Assisting passengers with handling of luggage;(d) Collecting fares, payments for deliveries, or documents certifying deliveries;(e) Operating telecommunications equipment to report location and availability and follow directions of

control centre;(f) Determining most appropriate route;(g) Assisting physically challenged passengers;(h) Operating equipment to facilitate the loading and unloading of physically challenged passengers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Driver, car - Driver, taxi - Driver, van

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Driver, bus - 8331 - Driver, heavy track - 8332 - Driver, auto-rickshaw – 8321Notes

833 Heavy truck and bus drivers

Heavy truck and bus drivers drive and tend heavy trucks, Lorries, buses or street tramcars to transport goods, liquids, heavy materials, mail or passengers.

Tasks performed usually include: Driving and tending heavy trucks, Lorries, buses or street tramcars in order to transport goods, liquids, heavy materials, mail or passengers.


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Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8331 Bus and tram drivers 8332 Heavy truck and lorry driversNotes

8331 Bus and tram drivers

Bus and tram drivers drive and tend buses or street tramcars to transport passengers, mail or goods.(a) Driving and tending motor bus, trolley bus or motor coach to transport local or long-

distance passengers, mail or goods;(b) Driving and tending street tramcar transporting passengers;(c) Opening and closing doors before or after passengers board or alight;(d) Assisting passengers with luggage;(e) Controlling lighting, heating and ventilation on buses and trams;(f) Observing traffic to ensure safe progress;(g) Collecting fares or verifying passenger has necessary ticket.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Driver, bus - Driver, tram - Driver, motor coachNotes

8332 Heavy truck and lorry drivers

Heavy-truck and lorry drivers drive and tend heavy motor vehicles to transport goods, liquids and heavy materials over short or long distances.

Tasks include -(a) Driving and tending a heavy motor vehicle, such as a lorry with or without trailer or a dump-truck, to

transport goods, liquids or heavy materials over short or long distances;(b) Determining the most appropriate routes; (c) Ensuring goods are stowed and securely covered, to prevent loss and damage;(d) Assisting with or carrying out loading or unloading operations, using various lifting or tipping devices;(e) Carrying out minor maintenance to vehicles, and arranges major maintenance and repairs;(f) Estimating weights to comply with load limitations, and ensuring the safe distribution of weights.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Heavy truck driver - Concrete mixer driver - Road train driver

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Van driver – 8322Notes

834 Mobile plant operators

Mobile plant operators drive, tend, operate and monitor special-purpose motorized, machinery or equipment used for clearing or preparing land; digging, moving, and spreading earth, rock and similar materials; and lifting or moving heavy objects.

Tasks performed usually include: Preparing and positioning plant for operation; adjusting speed, height and depth of implements; driving and operating mobile plant; operating attachments to lift, swing and release trees, logs, earth and other heavy objects or materials; operating and monitoring lifting trucks and stationary or mobile cranes in construction, transportation and storage operations; servicing machinery and performing minor repairs.

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Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8341 Mobile farm and forestry plant operators 8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators 8343 Crane, hoist and related plant operators 8344 Lifting truck operatorsNotes

8341 Mobile farm and forestry plant operators

Mobile farm and forestry plant operators drive, tend, operate and monitor one or more types of special-purpose motorized, mobile machinery or equipment used in agricultural, horticultural and forestry operations.

Tasks include -(a) Driving and tending tractor-drawn or self-propelled special-purpose farm machinery to plough land

and sow, fertilize, cultivate and harvest crops; (b) Driving and tending tractor-drawn or self-propelled special-purpose forestry machinery to clear land,

plant, harvest and carry trees and timber or perform other forestry operations;(c) Preparing and positioning plant for operation; (d) Adjusting speed, height and depth of implements; (e) Operating plant to hold, lift and cut trees;(f) Operating attachments to lift, swing, release and sort trees and logs, and operating auxiliary plant such

as chipping machines and log splitting machines;(g) Feeding felled trees into processors to strip limbs and cut into logs and loading logs onto stockpiles

and into trucks;(h) Servicing machinery and performing minor repairs.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Harvester operator - Logging plant operator - Timber carrier driver - Tractor driver - Tree faller operator

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bulldozer operator – 8342Notes

8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators

Earthmoving and related plant operators operate machines to excavate, grade, level, smooth and compact earth or similar materials.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring excavating machinery equipped with moveable shovel, grab-bucket or

dragline bucket, to excavate and move earth, rock, sand, gravel or similar materials;(b) Operating and monitoring machinery for digging trenches for sewers, drainage, water, oil, gas or

similar pipelines;(c) Operating and monitoring machinery equipped with concave steel blade to move, distribute and level

earth, sand, snow and other materials;(d) Operating and monitoring equipment to remove sand, gravel and mud from bottom of body of water;(e) Operating and monitoring machines for hammering wooden, concrete or steel piles into ground;(f) Operating and monitoring power roller to compact and smooth layers of materials in making roads,

pavements and similar work;(g) Operating and monitoring machines which spread and smooth concrete or bituminous or tar

preparations to construct roadways, roads or similar surfaces.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Operator, bulldozer - Operator, excavator - Operator, pile-driver - Operator, road-roller - Operator, front-end loader - Operator, snow groomerNotes

8343 Crane, hoist and related plant operators

Crane, hoist and related plant operators operate and monitor stationary and mobile cranes and other hoisting equipment.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring stationary or mobile cranes by raising and lowering jibs and booms, to lift,

move, position or place equipment and materials;(b) Operating and monitoring equipment for hoisting, lowering or raising workers and materials on

construction sites or in mines;(c) Operating and monitoring ski-lifts and similar equipment;(d) Operating and monitoring machinery used to haul ferry or barge with goods, passengers and vehicles

across short stretches of water;(e) Operating and monitoring machinery to open and close bridge for the passage of road and water

traffic;(f) Operating and monitoring cranes equipped with dredging attachments to dredge waterways and other

areas;(g) Operating cranes mounted on boats or barges to lift, move and place equipment and materials.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Operator, crane - Operator, hoist - Operator, mobile crane - Operator, tower craneNotes

8344 Lifting truck operators

Lifting-truck operators drive, operate and monitor lifting-truck or similar vehicle to transport, lift and stack pallets with goods.

Tasks include -(a) Operating and monitoring lifting-truck and similar equipment to load and unload, transport, lift and

stack goods and pallets in terminals, harbours, ware-houses, factories and other establishments;(b) Positioning lifting devices under, over, or around loaded pallets, skids and boxes, and securing

material or products for transport to designated areas;(c) Inspecting equipment to identify wear and damage;(d) Performing routine maintenance on vehicles and equipment;(e) Keeping records of work undertaken and breakdowns of vehicles.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Forklift trcuk driverNotes

835 Ships’ deck crews and related workers

Ship’s deck crews and related workers carry out deck duties on board ship and similar duties on board other water-borne craft.

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Tasks performed usually include: Standing look-out watches at sea and when entering or leaving harbour or other narrow waters; steering ship according to instructions; handling ropes and wires, and operating mooring equipment; maintaining and, in some cases, operating ship’s equipment, cargo gear, rigging, life-saving and firefighting appliances; performing deck and hull cleaning, scraping, painting and other maintenance duties as required; breaking out, rigging and stowing cargo-handling gear, stationary rigging and running gear.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 8350 Ships’ deck crews and related workersNotes

8350 Ships’ deck crews and related workers

Ship’s deck crews and related workers carry out deck duties on board ship and similar duties on board other water-borne craft.

Tasks include -(a) Standing look-out watches at sea and when entering or leaving harbour or other narrow waters;(b) Steering ship according to instructions;(c) Handling ropes and wires, and operates mooring equipment;(d) Maintaining and, in some cases, operating ship’s equipment, cargo gear, rigging, life-saving and fire-

fighting appliances;(e) Performing deck and hull cleaning, scraping, painting and other maintenance duties as required;(f) Breaking out, rigging and stowing cargo-handling gear, stationary rigging and running gear.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Boatswain - Ferry hand - Tug hand - SailorNotes

9 Elementary occupations

Elementary occupations involve the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort. Most occupations in this major group require skills at the first ISCO skill level.

Tasks performed by workers in elementary occupations usually include: Cleaning, restocking supplies and performing basic maintenance in apartments, houses, kitchens, hotels, offices and other buildings; washing cars and windows; helping in kitchens and performing simple tasks in food preparation; delivering messages or goods; carrying luggage and handling baggage and freight; stocking vending machines or reading and emptying meters; collecting and sorting refuse; sweeping streets and similar places; performing various simple farming, fishing, hunting or trapping tasks performing simple tasks connected with mining, construction and manufacturing including product-sorting; packing and unpacking produce by hand and filling shelves; providing various street services; pedaling or hand-guiding vehicles to transport passengers and goods; driving animal-drawn vehicles or machinery. Supervision of other workers may be included.

Occupations in this major group are classified into the following sub-major groups: 91 Cleaners and helpers 92 Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers 93 Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport 94 Food preparation assistants 95 Street and related sales and service workers 96 Refuse workers and other elementary workersNotes


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91 Cleaners and helpers

Cleaners and helpers perform various tasks in private households, hotels, offices, hospitals and other establishments, as well as in aircraft, trains coaches, trams and similar vehicles, in order to keep the interiors and fixtures clean, and launder and press garments and textiles by hand.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Sweeping or vacuum cleaning, washing and polishing floors, furniture and other objects; taking care of linen and bed-making; helping with preparation of meals and cleaning in kitchens; washing and cleaning cars and windows; pressing or laundering garments and textiles by hand.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 911 Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers 912 Vehicle, window, laundry and other hand cleaning workersNotes

911 Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers

Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers sweep, vacuum clean , wash, polish, take care of household linen, purchase household supplies; perform various tasks in order to keep clean and tidy the interiors and fixtures of hotels, offices and other establishments, as well as of aircraft, trains, buses and similar vehicles.

Tasks performed usually include: Sweeping or vacuum cleaning, washing and polishing floors, furniture and other objects in hotels, offices and other establishments; making beds, supplying towels, soap and related items; helping with preparation of meals and washing dishes; cleaning, disinfecting and deodorising kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9111 Domestic cleaners and helpers 9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishmentsNotes

9111 Domestic cleaners and helpers

Domestic cleaners and helpers sweep, vacuum clean, wash and polish, take care of household linen, purchase household supplies, prepare food, serve meals and perform various other domestic duties.

Tasks include -(a) Sweeping, vacuum-cleaning, polishing and washing floors and furniture, or washing windows and

other fixtures;(b) Washing, ironing and mending linen and other textiles;(c) Washing dishes;(d) Helping with preparation, cooking and serving of meals and refreshments;(e) Purchasing food and various other household supplies; (f) Cleaning, disinfecting and deodorising kitchens, bathrooms and toilets;(g) Cleaning windows and other glass surfaces.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Charworker (domestic) - Domestic cleanerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Hotel cleaner - 9112 - Domestic housekeeper - 5152 - Hand launderer - 9121 - Street sweeper – 9613Notes

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9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments

Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments perform various cleaning tasks in order to keep clean and tidy the interiors and fixtures of hotels, offices and other establishments, as well as of aircraft, trains, buses and similar vehicles.

Tasks include -(a) sweeping or vacuum-cleaning, washing and polishing floors, furniture and other fixtures in buildings,

coaches, buses, trams, trains and aircraft;(b) Making beds, cleaning bathrooms, supplying towels, soap and related items;(c) Cleaning kitchens and generally helping with kitchen work, including dishwashing;(d) Picking up rubbish, emptying garbage containers and taking contents to waste areas to removal.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cleaner, aircraft - Cleaner, hotel - Cleaner, office - Lavatory attendant

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Caretaker, building - 5153 - Cleaner, domestic - 9111 - Housekeeper, domestic - 5152 - Sweeper, street - 9613 - Helper, kitchen - 9412 - Dishwasher – 9412Notes

Workers who perform cleaning and helping tasks only in kitchens and other food preparation areas are classified in Unit Group 9412, kitchen helpers.

912 Vehicle, window, laundry and other hand cleaning workers

Vehicle, window, laundry and other hand cleaning workers clean windows, showcases or other surfaces of buildings or vehicles and press, launder or dry-clean linen and other textiles by hand.

Tasks usually include: Cleaning, washing and polishing cars; washing windows or other glass surfaces with water or various solutions, drying and polishing them; laundering and pressing linen, clothing, fabrics and similar articles by hand in a laundry or other establishments; cleaning by hand and with chemical solutions clothing, fabrics leather goods and similar articles in dry-cleaning or other establishments.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9121 Hand launderers and pressers 9122 Vehicle cleaners 9123 Window cleaners 9129 Other cleaning workersNotes

9121 Hand launderers and pressers

Hand launderers and pressers launder, press or dry-clean garments, linen and other textiles by hand.

Tasks include -(a) Laundering and pressing linen, clothing, fabrics and similar articles by hand in a laundry or other

establishment;(b) Cleaning, by hand and with chemical solutions, clothing, fabrics, leather goods and similar articles, in

a dry-cleaning or other establishment;(c) Replacing buttons and making minor repairs;(d) Placing articles on shelves and hanging articles for delivery and collection.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Dry-cleaner, hand - Launderer, hand - Presser, handSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Dry-cleaning machine operator - 8157 - Pressing machine operator (laundry) - 8157 - Laundry machine operator – 8157Notes

9122 Vehicle cleaners

Vehicle cleaners, wash, clean and polish vehicles.Tasks include - (a) Cleaning, washing and polishing cars and other vehicles, by hand or using hand-held power tools; (b) Vacuuming vehicle interiors and dry cleaning carpets and upholstery; (c) Applying cleaning agents to remove stains from vehicle exteriors and interiors; (d) Washing tyres and wheel arches and blackening tyres; (e) Washing and polishing vehicle windows; (f) Emptying and cleaning compartments in vehicles.Examples of the occupations classified here: - Vehicle washer (hand) - Car detailerNotes

9123 Window cleaners

Window cleaners wash and polish windows and other glass fittings.

Tasks include - (a) Washing windows or other glass surfaces with water or various solutions, drying and polishing

them; (b) Using ladders, swinging scaffolds, bosun´s chairs, hydraulic bucket trucks and other equipment to

reach and clean windows in multi storey buildings. (c) Selecting appropriate cleaning or polishing implementExamples of the occupations classified here: - Window cleanerNotes

9129 Other cleaning workers

Other cleaning workers clean surface, materials and objects, such as carpets, walls, swimming pools and cooling towers, using specialized cleaning equipment and chemicals.

Tasks include - (a) Cleaning carpets and upholstered furniture using cleaning machines and their attachments. (b) Selecting and applying cleaning agents to remove stains from carpets (c) Treating carpets with soil-repellent chemicals and deodorants, and treating for pests (c) Cleaning stone walls, metal surfaces and fascias using high pressure water cleaners and solvents. (e) Applying chemicals and high pressure cleaning methods to remove micro-organisms from

water and filtration systems and using wet vacuums and other suction equipment to remove scale, accumulated dirt and other deposits from swimming pools, cooling tower components and drains.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Carpet cleaner - Cooling tower cleaner - Graffiti cleaner - Swimming pool cleanerNotes

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92 Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers

Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers perform simple and routine tasks in the production of crops and livestock, cultivation and maintenance of gardens and parks, exploitation and conservation of forests, and conduct of aquaculture and fisheries operations.Tasks performed usually include: Digging, raking and shoveling using hand tools; loading unloading and stacking supplies, produce and other materials; watering, thinning, weeding and tending crops by hand or using hand tools; planting, harvesting picking and collecting produce by hand; feeding, watering, and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean; monitoring livestock, reporting on their condition; preparing and operating nets, lines and other fishing tackle and deck equipment; grading, sorting, bunching and packing produce into containers; performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings equipment, vessels and fences.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor group: 921 Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourersNotes

921 Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers

Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers perform simple and routine tasks in the production of crops and livestock, cultivation and maintenance of gardens and parks, exploitation and conservation of forests, and conduct of aquaculture and fisheries operations.

Tasks performed usually include: Digging, raking and shoveling using hand tools; loading unloading and stacking supplies, produce and other materials; watering, thinning, weeding and tending crops by hand or using hand tools; planting, harvesting picking and collecting produce by hand; feeding, watering, and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean; monitoring livestock, reporting on their condition; preparing and operating nets, lines and other fishing tackle and deck equipment; grading, sorting, bunching and packing produce into containers; performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings equipment, vessels and fences.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9211 Crop farm labourers 9212 Livestock farm labourers 9213 Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers 9214 Garden and horticultural labourers 9215 Forestry labourers 9216 Fishery and aquaculture labourersNotesWorkers in subsistence agriculture who perform a limited range of simple and routine tasks, usually under the direction of others, are classified in the relevant unit group in minor group 921, Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers. Workers in an agricultural setting whose main tasks are fetching water and gathering firewood, are classified in unit group 9624, Water and firewood collectors.

9211 Crop farm labourers

Crop farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in the production of crops such as fruit, nuts, grains and vegetables on farms.

Tasks include -(a) Digging and shovelling to clear ditches or for other purposes;(b) Loading and unloading supplies, produce and other materials;(c) Raking, pitching and stacking straw, hay and similar material;(d) Watering, thinning, and weeding crops by hand or using hand tools;(e) Picking fruit, nuts, vegetables and other crops;(f) Planting and harvesting field crops, such as rice, by hand;(g) Grading, sorting, bunching and packing produce into containers;(h) Performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings and fences.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Cane planter - Fruit picker - Rice farm labourer - Vegetable pickerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Skilled farm worker (field crops) - 6111 - Construction labourer - 9313 - Firewood collector - 9624 - Water collector – 9624Notes

9212 Livestock farm labourers

Livestock farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in farm production of animals, including poultry and insects.

Tasks include -(a) Digging and shovelling to clear ditches or for other purposes;(b) Loading and unloading supplies, produce and other materials;(c) Feeding, watering, and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean;(d) Monitoring livestock and reporting on their condition;(e) Assisting with maintaining the health and welfare of livestock;(f) Assisting with herding, droving and separating livestock for milking, shearing transportation or

slaughter and between pastures;(g) Collecting eggs and placing in incubators;(h) Raking, pitching, stacking and storing hay, straw and other types of animal feed and bedding(i) Grading, sorting, packing produce into containers;(j) Performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings and fences.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Livestock farm labourerSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Shepherd – 6121 - Skilled farm worker (livestock) - 6121 - Drover - 6121 - Firewood collector - 9624 - Water collector – 9624Notes

9213 Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers

Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers perform simple and routine tasks in farm production of both crops and animals.

Tasks include -(a) Digging and shovelling to clear ditches or for other purposes;(b) Loading and unloading supplies, produce and other materials;(c) Raking, pitching and stacking straw, hay and similar material;(d) Watering, thinning, and weeding crops by hand or using hand tools;(e) Picking fruit, nuts, vegetables and other crops and collecting eggs;(f) Planting and harvesting field crops, such as rice, by hand;(g) Feeding, watering, and cleaning animals and keeping their quarters clean;(h) Monitoring livestock, reporting on their condition;(i) Assisting with herding, droving and separating livestock for milking, shearing transportation or

slaughter and between pastures;

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(j) Grading, sorting, bunching and packing produce into containers;(k) Performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings and fences.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Farm labourer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Skilled farm worker (mixed crop and livestock) - 6130 - Firewood collector - 9624 - Water collector – 9624Notes

9214 Garden and horticultural labourers

Garden and horticultural labourers perform simple and routine tasks in operations to cultivate and maintain trees, shrubs, flowers and other plants in parks and private gardens, to produce saplings, bulbs and seeds, or grow vegetables and flowers by intensive cultivation techniques.

Tasks include -(a) Loading, unloading and moving supplies, produce and equipment;(b) Preparing garden sites and plots using hand tools and simple machines;(c) Assisting with planting and transplanting flowers, shrubs, trees and lawns;(d) Maintaining gardens by watering, weeding and mowing lawns;(e) Cleaning gardens and removing rubbish;(f) Assisting with propagating, planting and potting seeds, bulbs and cuttings;(g) Tending plants by hand watering and weeding;(h) Harvesting and packaging plants for sale and transport;(i) Performing minor repairs on fixtures, buildings and fences.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Garden labourer - Horticultural labourer - Lawn mower - Nursery labourer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Market gardener - 6113 - Landscape gardener - 6113 - Horticulturist - 6113 - Crop farm labourer – 9211Notes

9215 Forestry labourers

Forestry labourers perform simple and routine tasks to cultivate and maintain natural and plantation forests, and logging, felling and sawing trees.

Tasks include -(a) Digging holes for tree planting;(b) Stacking and loading logs and timber;(c) Clearing undergrowth in forest stands and thinning young plantations;(d) Maintaining look-out for fires in forests;(e) Removing major branches and tree tops, trimming branches and sawing trunks into logs;(f) Operating and maintaining manual and hand held machine saws to fell trees and cut felled trees and

branches into logs;(g) Collecting seeds, and planting seedlings;(h) Performing minor repairs and maintenance of forest roads, buildings, facilities, and equipment.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Axeman/woman - Forestry labourer - Tree planter

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Forestry worker (skilled)- 6210Notes

9216 Fishery and aquaculture labourers

Fishery and aquaculture labourers, perform simple and routine tasks to cultivate, catch and harvest fish and seafood in aquaculture and inland, coastal and deep sea fishing operations.

Tasks include -(a) Cleaning the sea-bed and feeding fish and molluscs that are being cultivated;(b) Gathering seaweed, sea mosses, clams and other molluscs;(c) Preparing nets, lines and other fishing tackle and other deck equipment;(d) Operating fishing gear to catch fish and other marine life;(e) Cleaning, sorting and packing fish and seafood in ice and salt and stowing catch in hold;(f) Cleaning deck surfaces and fish hold;(g) Handling mooring lines during docking.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Aquaculture labourer - Fishery labourer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Fish farmer - 6221 - Coastal fishery skipper - 6222 - Fisherman/woman (coastal waters) - 6222 - Fisherwoman/man (inland waters) - 6222 - Deep sea fisherman/woman - 6223 - Trawler skipper – 6223Notes

93 Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transportLabourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport perform simple and routine manual tasks in mining, quarrying, civil engineering, building, manufacturing, transport and storage operations, and operate human powered and animal drawn vehicles and machinery.

Task performed by workers in this sub-major group usually include: Digging holes and spreading excavated materials, sand, soil, and gravel using hand-held tools; sorting, loading, unloading, moving stacking and storing materials, equipment, products, supplies, baggage and cargo by hand; cleaning machinery, equipment, tools and work sites; packing and unpacking material and products and filling containers and shelves with products by hand; operating human powered and animal drawn vehicles and machinery.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 931 Mining and construction labourers 932 Manufacturing labourers 933 Transport and storage labourersNotes

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931 Mining and construction labourers

Mining and construction labourers perform simple and routine manual tasks in mining, quarrying, civil engineering and building operations.

Tasks usually include:digging and filling holes and trenches using hand held tools; shovelling and spreading excavated materials, sand, soil, and gravel; sorting, loading, unloading, stacking and storing tools, materials and equipment and transporting them around work sites; cleaning machinery, equipment, tools and work sites and removing obstructions.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers 9312 Civil engineering labourers 9313 Building construction labourersNotes

9311 Mining and quarrying labourers

Mining and quarrying labourers perform routine tasks in mining and quarrying operations.

Tasks include -(a) Assisting miners and quarriers in maintaining machinery, equipment, and mine and quarry installations;(b) Assembling and dismantling mining equipment;(c) Removing tunnel supports from disused workings in mines and quarries;(d) Removing dangerous projections from mine and quarry workings;(e) Removing waste and serviceable materials and equipment from work areas after extraction activities

have been completed, and clearing rock and mineral spills;(f) Cleaning machinery, equipment, tools, roadways and haulage tracks;(g) Sorting, loading, unloading, stacking and storing tools, materials and supplies used by other mine

workers.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Coal sampler - Mining labourer - Quarry labourer

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Driller (mining) - 8111 - Miner - 8111 - Mining plant operator - 8111 - Quarrier - 8111 - Driller (oil or gas well) - 8113 - Drilling plant operator – 8113Notes

9312 Civil engineering labourers

Civil engineering labourers perform routine tasks in connection with the building and maintenance of roads, railways, dams and other civil engineering projects.

Tasks include -(a) Digging and filling holes and trenches using hand held tools;(b) Shoveling and spreading gravel and related materials;(c) Trimming and cutting rocks and concrete and bitumen surfaces using jack-hammers;(d) Loading and unloading construction materials, excavated material and equipment and transporting

them around construction sites using wheelbarrows and hand trucks;(e) Cleaning worksites and removing obstructions.


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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Construction labourer (civil engineering) - Maintenance labourer (dams) - Earthmoving labourerNotes

9313 Building construction labourers

Building construction labourers perform routine tasks in connection with building construction and demolition work.

Tasks include -(a) Cleaning used building bricks and doing other simple work on demolition sites;(b) Mixing pouring and spreading materials such as concrete, plaster and mortar(c) Digging and filling holes and trenches using hand held tools;(d) Spreading sand, soil, gravel and similar materials;(e) Loading and unloading construction materials, excavated material and equipment and transporting

them around construction sites using wheelbarrows, hods and hand trucks;(f) Cleaning work sites and removing obstructions.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bricklayer’s assistant - Construction labourer (building work) - Demolition Labourer - Hod carrierSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bricklayer - 7112 - House builder - 7111 - Building wrecker – 7119Notes

932 Manufacturing labourers

Manufacturing labourers perform a variety of manual tasks in manufacturing, assist the work of machine operators and assemblers, and undertake product-sorting and hand-assembling of components.

Tasks performed usually include: Packing material and various products by hand; filling bottles, boxes, bags and other containers with products by hand; labeling products and containers by hand; conveying goods, material, equipment to work area; cleaning machinery, equipment and tools; carrying out manual sorting of products or components; carrying out simple hand-assembling of components.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9321 Hand packers 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

9321 Hand packers

Hand packers weigh, pack and label materials and products by hand.

Tasks include -(a) Weighing, wrapping, sealing and packing material and various products by hand;(b) Filling bottles, cans, boxes, bags and other containers with products by hand;(c) Labeling products, packages and various containers by hand.

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Labeller (hand) - Packer (hand) - Wrapper (hand)

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Labelling machine operator - 8183 - Packing machine operator - 8183 - Wraping machine operator – 8183Notes

9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified

Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified assist the work of machine operators and assemblers and perform a variety of manual tasks in manufacturing, excluding packing and labelling finished products.

Tasks include -(a) Conveying goods, material, equipment, etc. to work area, removing finished pieces; (b) Loading and unloading vehicles, trucks and trolleys;(c) Clearing machine blockages, cleaning machinery, equipment and tools;(d) Carrying out manual sorting of products or components.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Bottle sorter - Factory hand - Material handler - Stacker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Assembler, electrical equipment - 8212 - Assembler, electronic equipment - 8212 - Assembler, leather products - 8219 - Assembler, rubber products - 8219 - Hand packer – 9321Notes

933 Transport and storage labourers

Transport and storage labourers propel cycles and similar vehicles and drive animal-drawn vehicles to transport passengers or goods, drive animal-drawn machinery, handle freight and baggage and stock shelves

Tasks performed usually include: Propelling cycles and similar vehicles to transport passengers or goods, driving animal-drawn vehicles to transport passengers or goods, driving animal-drawn machinery, carrying out freight handling by hand, and stocking shelves and display areas in stores.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9331 Hand and pedal vehicle drivers 9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery 9333 Freight handlers 9334 Shelf fillersNotes

9331 Hand and pedal vehicle drivers

Hand or pedal vehicle drivers propel cycles and similar vehicles to transport passengers or goods.


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Tasks include -(a) Loading or unloading goods, or assisting passengers in getting on or off a vehicle;(b) Moving vehicle in the desired direction with due regard to other traffic and traffic regulations;(c) Inspecting vehicle components to identify wear and damage;(d) Maintaining vehicle, making minor repairs and installing replacement parts; (e) Collecting fares or charges.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Driver, pedal vehicle - Driver, cycle rickshaw - Puller, rickshawSome related occupations classified elsewhere: - Bicycle racer - 3421 - Motorcycle rider – 8321Notes

9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery

Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery drive animal-drawn vehicles to transport passengers or goods, as well as animal-drawn machinery usually in connection with farming.

Tasks include -(a) Harnessing animals and hitching them to vehicles or machinery;(b) Loading or unloading goods, or assisting passengers in getting on or off a vehicle;(c) Driving animals in the desired direction with due regard to other traffic and traffic regulations;(d) Collecting fares or charges;(e) Driving animals to haul wagons in mines or quarries; (f) Driving animals hitched to farm or other machinery;(g) Driving working elephants;(h) Maintaining vehicle or machinery, making minor repairs and installing replacement parts; (i) Grooming and feeding animals.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Driver, animal-drawn vehicle - Driver, animal train - Mahout

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Jockey – 3421Notes

9333 Freight handlers

Freight handlers carry out tasks such as packing, carrying, loading and unloading furniture and other household items, or loading and unloading ship and aircraft cargoes and other freight, or carrying and stacking goods in various warehouses.Tasks include -(a) Packing office or household furniture, machines, appliances and related goods to be transported (b) From one place to another;(c) Carrying goods to be loaded on or unloaded from vans, trucks, wagons, ships, or aircraft;(d) Loading and unloading grain, coal, sand and similar goods by placing them on conveyor-belts, pipes,

etc.;(e) Connecting hoses between main shore installation pipes and tanks of barges, tankers and other ships

to load and unload petroleum, liquefied gases and other liquids;(f) Carrying and stacking goods in warehouses and similar establishments;(g) Sorting cargo prior to loading and unloading;

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Examples of the occupations classified here: - Handler, freight

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Operator, crane -8343 - Operator, truck/lifting – 8344Notes

9334 Shelf fillers

Shelf fillers stock shelves and display areas and keep stock clean and in order in supermarkets and other retail and wholesale shops.

Tasks include -(a) Placing goods neatly in bins and on racks, and stacking bulky goods on floors;(b) Filling shelves with goods ensuring goods with the earliest use-by dates are at the front of shelves;(c) Removing goods with past due use-by dates;(d) Maintaining shelf order by removing stock belonging in a different location;(e) Noting what has been sold and collecting goods needed from the stockroom;(f) Obtaining articles for customers from shelf or stockroom;(g) Directing customers to location of articles sought;(h) Receiving, opening, unpacking, and inspecting for damage merchandise from manufacturer or

distributor.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Filler, stock - Handler, stockNotes

94 Food preparation assistants

Food preparation assistants prepare and cook to order a small variety of pre-cooked food or beverages, clear tables, clean kitchen areas and wash dishes.

Tasks performed by workers in this sub major group usually include: Preparing simple or pre-prepared foods and beverages such as sandwiches, pizzas, fish and chips, salads, and coffee; washing, cutting, measuring and mixing foods for cooking; operating cooking equipment such as grills, microwaves and deep-fat fryers; cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas and service areas; cleaning cooking and general utensils used in kitchens and restaurants .

Occupations in this sub major group are classified into the following minor group: 941 Food preparation assistantsNotes

941 Food preparation assistants

Food preparation assistants prepare and cook to order small variety of pre-cooked food or beverages, clear tables, clean kitchen areas and wash dishes.

Tasks performed usually include: Preparing simple or pre-prepared foods and beverages such as sandwiches, pizzas, fish and chips, salads, and coffee; washing, cutting, measuring and mixing foods for cooking; operating cooking equipment such as grills, microwaves and deep-fat fryers; cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas and service areas; cleaning cooking and general utensils used in kitchens and restaurants .

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9411 Fast food preparers 9412 Kitchen helpersNotes


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9411 Fast food preparers

Fast food preparers prepare and cook to order a limited range of foods or beverages that involve simple preparation processes and a small number of ingredients. They may take orders from customers and serve at counters or tables.

Tasks include -(a) Preparing simple or pre-prepared foods and beverages such as sandwiches, hamburgers, pizzas, fish

and chips, salads, and coffee;(b) Washing, cutting, measuring and mixing foods for cooking; (c) Operating large-volume single-process cooking equipment such as grills, deep-fat fryers or griddles; (d) Re-heating pre-prepared food(e) Cleaning food preparation areas, cooking surfaces and utensils; (f) Taking and serving food and beverage orders in eating places that specialize in fast service and carry-

out food; (g) Ordering and taking delivery of fast food ingredients; (h) Maintaining sanitation, health, and safety standards in work areas. (i) Operating large-volume cooking equipment such as grills, deep-fat fryers, or griddles. (j) Verifying that prepared food meets requirements for quality and quantity.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Fast-food cook - Short order Cook

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Chef-3434 - Cook-5120 - Food service counter attendant – 5246Notes

9412 Kitchen helpers

Kitchen helpers’ clear tables, clean kitchen areas, wash dishes, preparing ingredients and perform other duties to assist workers who prepare or serve food and beverages.

Tasks include -(a) Cleaning kitchens, food preparation areas and service areas; (b) Assisting cooks and chefs in preparation of food by washing, peeling, chopping, cutting up measuring

and mixing ingredients,(c) Assembling dishes for service.(d) Unpacking and storing supplies in refrigerators, cupboards and other storage areas.(e) Washing dishes and cooking utensils and putting them away; (f) Checking, transferring, weighing and storing supplies in refrigerators, cupboards and other storage

areas;(g) Preparing, cooking, toasting and heating simple food items.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Hand dish washer - Kitchen assistant - Kitchen hand - Kitchen porter - Kitchen steward - Pantry attendant

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Cook - 5120 - Fast food preparer – 9411Notes

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95 Street and related sales and service workers

Street and related sales and service workers provide sell goods, excluding food for immediate consumptions, and provide a variety of services on streets and in other public places such as stations.

Tasks include: Buying or making various items for sale; loading and unloading items for sale and transporting them; obtaining the materials necessary to perform services; approaching people on the street to offer goods or services; cleaning and polishing shoes; cleaning and polishing car windows; running errands; assisting drivers to find a parking place and ensuring car is not damaged during driver’s absence; handing out leaflets and free newspapers; receiving immediate payment.

Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 951 Street and related service workers 952 Street vendors (excluding food)Notes

951 Street and related service workers

Street and related service workers provide a variety of services on streets and in other public places, including cleaning shoes, washing car windows, running errands, looking after property, and providing other on-the-spot street services.

Tasks include: Obtaining the materials necessary to perform services; approaching people on the street to offer services; cleaning and polishing shoes; cleaning and polishing car windows; running errands; assisting drivers to find a parking place and ensuring car is not damaged during driver’s absence; handing out leaflets and free newspapers; receiving immediate payment.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9510 Street and related service workersNotes

9510 Street and related service workers

Street and related service workers provide a variety of services on streets and in other public places, including cleaning shoes, washing car windows, running errands, handing out leaflets, looking after property, and providing other on-the-spot street services.

Tasks include -(a) Obtaining the materials necessary to perform services;(b) Approaching people on the street to offer services;(c) Cleaning and polishing shoes;(d) Cleaning and polishing car windows;(e) Running errands;(f) Assisting drivers to find a parking place and ensuring car is not damaged during driver’s absence;(g) Handing out leaflets and free newspapers;(h) Receiving immediate payment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Errand boy - Shoe-polisher - Car window washer - Car guard - Leaflet distributor - Free newspaper distributor - Leaflet and newspaper deliverer - 9621 - Forecourt attendant – 5245Notes


283

952 Street vendors (excluding food)

Street vendors (excluding food) sell a usually limited range of goods (excluding food for immediate consumption) in streets and public places such as stations, cinemas or theatres.

Tasks performed usually include: Buying or receiving items for sale, or making simple items; loading and unloading basket, tray, push-cart, bicycle, hand truck or other vehicle, to transport goods to the streets or public places such as stations or cinemas; displaying goods or calling out to attract customer’s attention; approaching potential customers on street and offering goods for sale; receiving immediate payment.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9520 Street vendors (excluding food)Notes

9520 Street vendors (excluding food)

Street vendors (excluding food) sell a usually limited range of goods (excluding food for immediate consumption) in streets and public places such as stations, cinemas or theatres.

Tasks include -(a) Buying or receiving items for sale, or making simple items;(b) Loading and unloading basket, tray, push-cart, bicycle, hand truck or other vehicle, to transport goods

to the streets or public places such as stations or cinemas;(c) Displaying goods or calling out to attract customer’s attention;(d) Approaching potential customers on street and offering goods for sale; (e) Receiving immediate payment.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Hawker - Pedlar - Newspaper vendorSome related occupations classified elsewhere: Market salesperson - 5211 Street stall salesperson - 5211 Street food vendor - 5212 Free newspaper distributor – 9510Notes

Vendors from street and market stalls of fresh food products not intended for immediate consumption (such as fruit, vegetables, meat and dairy products) are classified in unit group 5211 Stall and market salespersons. Vendors from street and market stalls of a variety of prepared meals and food items for immediate consumption are classified in unit group 5246, Food service counter attendants. Vendors in streets and public places of food and beverages for immediate consumption from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in unit group 5212, Street food salespersons. Vendors in streets and public places of non-food items (or of pre-packaged non-perishable food items such as confectionery) from pushcarts, trucks, trays or baskets are classified in unit group 9520, Street vendors (excluding food).

96 Refuse workers and other elementary workers

Refuse workers and other elementary workers collect garbage from buildings, yards, streets and other public places or keep streets and other public places or perform odd jobs for private households or establishments.

Tasks include – Collecting, loading and unloading garbage; sweeping streets, parks and other public places; chopping firewood; carrying water; beating dust out of carpets and performing other odd-job tasks.Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups: 961 Refuse workers 962 Other elementary workersNotes

284


961 Refuse workers

Refuse workers collect process and recycle garbage from buildings, yards, streets and other public places, or keep streets and other public places clean.

Tasks usually include:

Collecting, loading and unloading garbage; sweeping streets, parks and other public places; sorting and recycling garbage such as paper, glass, plastic or aluminium.Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9611 Garbage and recycling collectors 9612 Refuse sorters 9613 Sweepers and related labourersNotes

9611 Garbage and recycling collectors

Garbage collectors collect and remove rubbish and items for recycling from buildings, yards, streets and other places.

Tasks include -(a) Collecting rubbish and recyclable materials and locating it into bins and garbage and recycling trucks;(b) Riding on or in garbage and recycling trucks;(c) Lifting garbage bins and emptying contents into trucks and larger containers;(d) Unloading garbage and recycling trucks.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Collector, refuse - Dustman - Dustwoman

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Garbage truck driver- 8332Notes

9612 Refuse sorters

Refuse sorters identify, collect and sort discarded items suitable for recycling at dump sites and recycling enterprises or in buildings, streets and other public places.

Tasks include -(a) searching through refuse and collecting items for recycling from dump sites, domestic, commercial

and industrial premises or from public places such as streets;(b) Sorting cardboard, paper, glass, plastic, aluminium or other recyclable materials by type; (c) Placing recyclable items and materials in designated compartments and containers for storage or

transportation; (d) Identifying and setting aside items of furniture, equipment, machinery, or components that are suitable

for repair or re-use;(e) Transporting recyclable items by hand or using non-motorized vehicles(f) Selling recyclable or reusable materials.

Examples of the occupations classified here: Recycling worker Scrap merchant Waste picker

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: Refuse collector - 9611 Street sweeper – 9613Notes


285

9613 Sweepers and related labourers

Sweepers and related labourers sweep and clean streets, parks, airports, stations and other public places.

Tasks include -(a) Sweeping streets, parks, airports, stations and similar public places;(b) Shoveling snow;(c) Beating dust out of carpets by using a carpet-beater;(d) Cleaning rubbish, leaves and snow from driveways and grounds.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Sweeper, park - Sweeper, streetNotes

962 Other elementary workers

Other elementary workers deliver and carry messages and packages, collect money and stock vending machines, read meters, collect water and firewood, collect and issue tickets for parking or events.

Tasks performed usually include- Chopping wood, collecting water and firewood; delivering messages, packages and other items within or between establishments, or elsewhere; performing duties as a post-runner; issuing and collecting tickets and passes; calculating parking charges; filling storage areas of vending machines and collecting money from containers; reading electricity, gas or water meters and recording consumption.

Occupations in this minor group are classified into the following unit groups: 9621 Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters 9622 Odd job persons 9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors 9624 Water and firewood collectors 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classifiedNotes

9621 Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters

Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters carry and deliver messages, packages and other items within an establishment or between establishments, to households and elsewhere, or carry luggage especially at hotels, stations and airports.

Tasks include -(a) Delivering messages, packages and other items within an establishment or between establishments, or

elsewhere;(b) Performing the duties of a post-runner;(c) Delivering various goods to and from enterprises, shops, households and other places;(d) Carrying and delivering luggage at hotels, stations, airports, and elsewhere;(e) Receiving and marking baggage by completing attaching claim checks;(f) Planning and following the most efficient route;(g) Sorting items to be delivered according to the delivery route.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Newspaper deliverer - Messenger - Luggage porter - Post-runner

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Mail carrier - 4412 - Postman/woman – 4412Notes

286


9622 Odd job persons

Odd job persons clean, paint and maintain buildings, grounds and facilities, and undertake simple repairs.

Tasks include -(a) repairing broken windows, screens, doors, fences, barbecues, picnic tables, shelves, cupboards and

other items;(b) Replacing defective items such as light bulbs;(c) Repairing and painting interior and exterior surfaces such as walls, ceilings and fences;(d) Adjusting doors and windows;(e) Replacing tap washers;(f) Putting up handrails and grab rails;(g) Unloading coal or wood and putting it into cellars of private households or establishments.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Odd-job person - Handyperson, - Hotel usefulNotes

9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors

Meter readers and vending-machine collectors’ stock vending machines and collect money from them or from parking meters and other coin-boxes, or read electricity, gas or water meters.

Tasks include -(a) Filling storage areas of vending machines and collecting money from their containers;(b) Collecting money from parking meters and similar coin-boxes;(c) Reading electricity, gas or water meters and recording consumption;(d) Keeping records of merchandise distributed and money collected;(e) Proceeding along established routes to take readings of meter dials;(f) Verifying readings in cases where consumption appears to be abnormal, and record possible reasons

for fluctuations;(g) Inspecting meters for unauthorized connections, defects, and damage such as broken seals.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Vending machine collector - Meter readerNotes

9624 Water and firewood collectors

Water and firewood collectors collect water and firewood and transport them on foot or using hand or animal carts.

Tasks include -(a) Cutting and collecting wood from forests for sale in market or as fuel or for own consumption;(b) Visiting forests or fields to pick pieces of dried wood from ground and arranging them in heaps;(c) Cutting decayed branches and trunks of trees using axe and hand -saw;(d) Tying collected wood into small faggots and carrying them or transporting them on a cart to the

market for sale or to village or household for use;(e) Drawing water from wells, rivers or ponds etc. for domestic use;(f) Collecting water in leather bags, buckets or other containers from taps, rivers, ponds or wells and

delivering the water to work sites, the houses of clients or to own household for drinking, cleaning of drains or storage in tanks.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Firewood collector - Water collectorNotes


287

9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified

This unit group covers elementary workers not classified elsewhere in major group 9, Elementary workers. For instance, the group includes those who issue and collect parking or admission tickets, provide personal items to patrons or customers in cloak rooms and assist patrons at entertainment events.

In such cases tasks would include -(a) Selling and collecting admission tickets and passes from patrons at entertainment events or collecting

tags from patrons;(b) Examining tickets or passes to verify authenticity, using criteria such as colour and date issued;(c) Guiding patrons to exits or providing other instructions or assistance in case of emergency;(d) Directing patrons to restroom, concession stands and telephones;(e) Directing vehicle drivers to parking spaces;(f) Patrolling parking areas in order to prevent vehicle damage and vehicle property thefts;(g) Calculating parking charges, and collecting fees from customers;(h) Assigning dressing room facilities, locker space, or clothing containers to patrons of athletic or bathing

establishments.

Examples of the occupations classified here: - Usher - Parking attendant - Fairground attendant - Cloak room attendant - Ticket collectors

Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Parking valet – 8322

288


ANNEX: Deliniated classification

ISC

O-0

8 St

ruct

ure,

G

roup

T

itles

and

C

odes

MA

JOR

GR

OU

PS

OC

CU

PA

TIO

NS

AM

AT

SIN

DA

Im

irim

o

1M

anag

ers

1In

zego

zo

heju

ru z

’ubu

tegets

i, in

zego

z’u

buteg

etsi

zicir

iritse

n’iz

iri m

unsi

yazo

2Pr

ofes

sion

als

2Ab

anya

mw

uga

3T

echn

icia

ns a

nd a

ssoc

iate

pro

fess

iona

ls3

Inzo

bere

mur

i tek

inik

i n’ib

indi

bijy

a gu

sa

4C

leri

cal s

uppo

rt w

orke

rs4

Abak

ora

akaz

i k’u

bwan

ditsi

5Se

rvic

e an

d sa

les

wor

kers

5Ab

akor

a m

u m

irim

o yo

gut

anga

serv

isi

n’ub

ucur

uzi

6Sk

illed

agr

icul

tura

l, fo

rest

ry a

nd

fishe

ry w

orke

rs6

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

’ubu

hinz

i,am

ashy

amba

n’

ubur

obyi

7C

raft

and

rela

ted

trad

es w

orke

rs7

Aban

yam

yuga

n’a

bako

ra in

di m

irim

o y’

ubuc

uruz

i bi

jya g

usa

8Pl

ant a

nd m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

, and

as

sem

bler

s8

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

o m

u ng

anda

n’

abaz

itera

nya

9E

lem

enta

ry o

ccup

atio

ns9

Imiri

mo

icirir

itse

0A

rmed

forc

es o

ccup

atio

ns0

Imiri

mo

ya g

isirik

are


289

Maj

or g

rou

ps

and

su

b-m

ajor

gro

up

sO

CC

UP

AT

ION

SA

mat

sin

da

yo h

eju

ru n

’am

atsi

nd

a yo

h

agat

iIm

irim

o

Lev

el 1

Lev

el 2

Icyi

ciro

cya

1Ic

yici

ro c

ya 2

1M

anag

ers

1

INZ

EG

O Z

O H

EJU

RU

Z

’UB

UT

EG

ET

SI,

INZ

EG

O

Z’U

BU

TE

GE

TSI

ZIC

IRIR

ITSE

N

’IZ

IRI

MU

NSI

YA

ZO

11C

hief

exe

cutiv

es, s

enio

r of

ficia

ls an

d le

gisla

tors

11Ab

ayob

ozi n

shin

gwab

ikor

wa,

abay

oboz

i bo

heju

ru

n’ab

ashi

raho

am

ateg

eko

12A

dmin

istr

ativ

e an

d co

mm

erci

al

man

ager

s12

Abay

oboz

i b’ib

igo

by’u

bucu

ruzi

13Pr

oduc

tion

and

spec

ializ

ed s

ervi

ces

man

ager

s13

Abay

oboz

i mu

miri

mo

itang

a um

usar

uro

n’in

di

ifite

umw

ihar

iko

14H

ospi

talit

y, re

tail

and

othe

r se

rvic

es

man

ager

s14

Abay

oboz

i mu

miri

mo

ijyan

e no

gucu

mbi

kira

ab

antu

n’ib

indi

bisa

nay

o

2P

rofe

ssio

nal

s2

AB

AN

YAM

WU

GA

(

PR

OFE

SSIO

NN

EL

S)

21Sc

ienc

e an

d en

gine

erin

g pr

ofes

sion

als

21Ab

akor

a im

yuga

ijya

nye n

’ubu

men

yi

n’ik

oran

abuh

anga

22H

ealth

pro

fess

iona

ls22

Abak

ora

imiri

mo

y’ub

uvuz

i

23T

each

ing

prof

essi

onal

s23

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

o kw

igish

a.

24B

usin

ess

and

adm

inis

trat

ion

prof

essi

onal

s24

Abas

hinz

we i

miy

obor

ere n

’ icu

ngam

ari

25In

form

atio

n an

d co

mm

unic

atio

ns

tech

nolo

gy p

rofe

ssio

nals

25Ab

azob

erey

e mu

itum

anah

o ha

kore

shejw

e ik

oran

abuh

anga

26L

egal

, soc

ial a

nd c

ultu

ral p

rofe

ssio

nals

26Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’a

mat

egek

o n’

imib

ereh

o m

yiza

290


3T

ech

nic

ian

s an

d a

ssoc

iate

p

rofe

ssio

nal

s3

INZ

OB

ER

E M

UR

I T

EK

INIK

I N

’IB

IND

I B

IJYA

GU

SA

31Sc

ienc

e an

d en

gine

erin

g as

soci

ate

prof

essi

onal

s31

Aba

injen

iyer

i n’a

bazo

bere

ye m

u by

’ubu

men

yi

32H

ealth

ass

ocia

te p

rofe

ssio

nals

32Ab

akor

a m

u by

’ubu

vuzi

33B

usin

ess

and

adm

inis

trat

ion

asso

ciat

e pr

ofes

sion

als

33Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

o gu

shak

isha

imar

i n’

ubuy

oboz

i

34L

egal

, soc

ial,

cultu

ral a

nd r

elat

ed

asso

ciat

e pr

ofes

sion

als

34Ab

azob

erey

e mu

by’a

mat

egek

o,im

iber

eho

myi

za,u

muc

o n’

ibin

di n

kaby

o

35In

form

atio

n an

d co

mm

unic

atio

ns

tech

nici

ans

35Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

u by

’itum

anah

o

4C

leri

cal s

up

por

t w

orke

rs4

AB

AK

OR

A A

KA

ZI

K’U

BW

AN

DIT

SI

41G

ener

al a

nd k

eybo

ard

cler

ks41

Abak

ora

akaz

i k’

ubw

andi

tsi m

uri r

usan

ge

ham

we n

’aba

ndik

isha

za m

udas

onw

a

42C

usto

mer

ser

vice

s cl

erks

42Im

irim

o y’

ubw

andi

tsi m

ubya

gas

utam

o

43N

umer

ical

and

mat

eria

l rec

ordi

ng

cler

ks43

Abak

ora

imiri

mo

yo k

wan

dika

ibik

ores

ho

by’a

kazi

no

kubi

shyi

ra h

o no

mer

o

44O

ther

cle

rica

l sup

port

wor

kers

44Ab

andi

bak

ozi b

afas

ha m

u yi

ndi m

irim

o iik

orer

wa

abak

ozi

5Se

rvic

e an

d s

ales

wor

kers

5A

BA

KO

RA

MU

MIR

IMO

YO

G

UT

AN

GA

SE

RIV

ISI

N’U

BU

CU

RU

ZI

51Pe

rson

al s

ervi

ce w

orke

rs51

Abak

ora

mu

miri

mo

yo g

utan

ga se

rvisi

n’

ubuc

uruz

i

52Sa

les

wor

kers

52Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ijy

anye

n’u

bucu

ruzi

53Pe

rson

al c

are

wor

kers

53Ab

akor

a im

irim

o yo

kw

ita k

u ba

ntu

n’ib

intu

54Pr

otec

tive

serv

ices

wor

kers

54 A

bako

ra m

uri z

a se

rvisi

z’u

burin

zi


291

6Sk

ille

d a

gric

ult

ura

l, f

ores

try

and

fi

sher

y w

orke

rs6

AB

AZ

OB

ER

EY

E M

U B

Y’U

BU

HIN

ZI,

A

MA

SHYA

MB

A N

’UB

UR

OB

YI

61M

arke

t-or

ient

ed s

kille

d ag

ricu

ltura

l w

orke

rs61

Abah

inzi

n’a

bako

zi b

azob

erey

e m

u by

’ubu

curu

zi

bw’ib

ikom

oka

k’ub

uhin

zi

62M

arke

t-or

ient

ed s

kille

d fo

rest

ry, fi

shin

g an

d hu

ntin

g w

orke

rs62

Abak

ora

umur

imo

ujya

nye n

’ubu

curu

zi

bw’ib

iti,a

mafi

n’u

muh

igo

63Su

bsis

tenc

e fa

rmer

s, fis

hers

, hun

ters

an

d ga

ther

ers

63Ab

ahin

ga,a

baro

ba,a

bahi

ga n

’aba

soro

ma

ibyo

ku

batu

nga

gusa

7C

raft

an

d r

elat

ed t

rad

es w

orke

rs7

AB

AN

YAM

YU

GA

N’A

BA

KO

RA

IN

DI

MIR

IMO

Y’U

BU

CU

RU

ZI

BIJ

YA

GU

SA

71B

uild

ing

and

rela

ted

trad

es w

orke

rs,

excl

udin

g el

ectr

icia

ns71

Abub

atsi

b’am

azu

n’in

di m

irim

o bi

jya

gusa

,hat

arim

o ab

akor

a am

asha

nyar

azi

72M

etal

, mac

hine

ry a

nd r

elat

ed tr

ades

w

orke

rs72

Abak

ora

mu

byum

a n’

abak

ores

ha a

mas

hini

73H

andi

craf

t and

pri

ntin

g w

orke

rs73

Abak

ora

imiri

mo

y’ub

ukor

ikor

i n’ij

yany

e n’ic

apiro

74E

lect

rica

l and

ele

ctro

nic

trad

es

wor

kers

74Ab

acur

uza

ibijy

anye

n’a

msh

anya

razi

na

elegi

troni

ke

75Fo

od p

roce

ssin

g, w

ood

wor

king

, ga

rmen

t and

oth

er c

raft

and

rela

ted

trad

es w

orke

rs75

Abak

ora

ahat

unga

nyiri

zwa

ibiri

bwa,

imiri

mo

ijyan

ye n

’ibik

omok

a ku

biti

cg im

yend

a by

agen

ewe

gucu

ruzw

a

8Pl

ant a

nd m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

, and

as

sem

bler

s8

AB

AK

OR

ESH

A I

MA

SHIN

I Z

O M

U

NG

AN

DA

N’A

BA

ZIT

ER

AN

YA

81St

atio

nary

pla

nt a

nd m

achi

ne

oper

ator

s81

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

ikor

a zi

timur

wa

82A

ssem

bler

s82

Abat

eran

ya ib

yum

a by

’imas

hini

83D

rive

rs a

nd m

obile

pla

nt o

pera

tors

83Ab

akor

esha

ibik

ores

ho b

yim

ukan

wa

292


9E

lem

enta

ry o

ccup

atio

ns9

IMIR

IMO

IC

IRIR

ITSE

91C

lean

ers

and

help

ers

91Ab

akor

a im

irim

o y’

isuku

92A

gric

ultu

ral,

fore

stry

and

fish

ery

labo

rers

92B

a ny

akab

yizi

mu

by’u

buhi

nzi,a

mas

hyam

ba

n’ub

urob

yi

93L

abor

ers

in m

inin

g, c

onst

ruct

ion,

m

anuf

actu

ring

and

tran

spor

t93

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

u bu

cuku

zi b

w’a

mab

uye

y’ag

aciro

,ubw

ubat

si,m

u ng

anda

no

gutw

ara

aban

tu n

’ibin

tu

94Fo

od p

repa

ratio

n as

sist

ants

94Ab

afas

ha m

u m

urim

o w

o gu

tegur

a ib

iribw

a

95St

reet

and

rel

ated

sal

es a

nd s

ervi

ce

wor

kers

95Ab

azer

eza

ibicu

ruzw

a

96R

efus

e w

orke

rs a

nd o

ther

ele

men

tary

w

orke

rs96

Abak

ora

imiri

mo

ijyan

ye n

o ku

vang

ura

imya

nda

0A

rmed

forc

es o

ccup

atio

ns0

IMIR

IMO

YA

GIS

IRIK

AR

E

01C

omm

issi

oned

arm

ed fo

rces

offi

cers

01Ab

ofisiy

e bak

uru

b’in

gabo

02N

on-c

omm

issi

oned

arm

ed fo

rces

of

ficer

s02

Abofi

siye b

aciri

ritse

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ks03

Abas

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293

Maj

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abay

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111

Leg

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111

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112

Man

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112

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121

Bus

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121

Abay

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122

Sale

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s12

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13P

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13A

bay

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anga

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mu

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131

Prod

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s13

1Ab

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132

Man

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132

Abay

oboz

i mu

miri

mo

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zi,

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ubat

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134

Prof

essi

onal

ser

vice

s m

anag

ers

134

Abay

oboz

i mu

myu

ga y

ihar

iye

14H

osp

ital

ity,

ret

ail a

nd

oth

er

serv

ices

man

ager

s14

Ab

ayob

ozi

mu

mir

imo

ijya

ne

no

gucu

mb

ikir

a ab

antu

n’i

bin

di

bis

a n

ayo

141

Hot

el a

nd r

esta

uran

t man

ager

s14

1Ab

ayob

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’am

ahot

eri n

’aho

bar

ira

142

Ret

ail a

nd w

hole

sale

trad

e m

anag

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142

Abay

oboz

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bud

anda

za n

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uza

143

Oth

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man

ager

s14

3Ab

ayob

ozi b

o m

uzin

di se

rvisi

294


2P

rofe

ssio

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s2

AB

AN

YAM

WU

GA

(

PR

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NN

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S)

21Sc

ien

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nd

en

gin

eeri

ng

pro

fess

ion

als

21A

bak

ora

imyu

ga i

jyan

ye

n’u

bu

men

yi n

’ik

oran

abu

han

ga

211

Phys

ical

and

ear

th s

cien

ce

prof

essi

onal

s21

1Ab

akor

a im

yuga

ijya

nye n

’ubu

geng

e(ph

ysics

)n’

ubum

enyi

bw

’ubu

taka

212

Mat

hem

atic

ians

, act

uari

es a

nd

stat

istic

ians

212

Abak

ora

mu

bijya

nye n

’imib

are,n

’ibar

urish

amire

213

Life

sci

ence

pro

fess

iona

ls21

3Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’u

bum

enyi

bw

’ibin

yabu

zim

a

214

Eng

inee

ring

pro

fess

iona

ls (e

xclu

ding

el

ectr

otec

hnol

ogy)

214

Ba

injen

iyer

i

215

Ele

ctro

tech

nolo

gy e

ngin

eers

215

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

by’a

mas

hany

araz

i

216

Arc

hite

cts,

plan

ners

, sur

veyo

rs a

nd

desi

gner

s21

6Ab

ubat

si,ab

ateg

ura,

baka

nako

ra ib

ishus

hany

o by

’aho

ubw

ubat

si bu

kore

rwa

22H

ealt

h p

rofe

ssio

nal

s22

Ab

akor

a im

irim

o y’

ub

uvu

zi

221

Med

ical

doc

tors

221

Abag

anga

222

Nur

sing

and

mid

wife

ry p

rofe

ssio

nals

222

Abaf

orom

o n’

abab

yaza

b’in

zobe

re

223

Tra

ditio

nal a

nd c

ompl

emen

tary

m

edic

ine

prof

essi

onal

s22

3Ab

avuz

i ba

gako

ndo

babi

zobe

yem

o

224

Para

med

ical

pra

ctiti

oner

s22

4Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ijy

a gu

sa n

’iy’u

buvu

zi

225

Vet

erin

aria

ns22

5Ab

avuz

i b’a

mat

ungo

226

Oth

er h

ealth

pro

fess

iona

ls22

6Iz

indi

nzo

bere

mu

by’u

buvu

zi

23T

each

ing

pro

fess

ion

als

23A

baz

ober

eye

mu

byo

kw

igis

ha.

231

Uni

vers

ity a

nd h

ighe

r ed

ucat

ion

teac

hers

231

Abar

imu

mur

i Kam

inuz

a n’

andi

mas

huri

mak

uru

232

Voc

atio

nal e

duca

tion

teac

hers

232

Abar

imu

bo m

u m

ashu

ri y’

ingo

boka

233

Seco

ndar

y ed

ucat

ion

teac

hers

233

Abar

imu

bo m

ashu

ri yi

sum

buye

234

Prim

ary

scho

ol a

nd e

arly

chi

ldho

od

teac

hers

234

Abar

imu

bo m

u m

ashu

ri ab

anza

n’a

y’in

shuk

e

235

Oth

er te

achi

ng p

rofe

ssio

nals

235

Izin

di n

zobe

reye

mu

byo

kwig

isha

24B

usi

nes

s an

d a

dm

inis

trat

ion

p

rofe

ssio

nal

s24

Ab

ash

inzw

e im

iyob

orer

e n’

ic

un

gam

ari

241

Fina

nce

prof

essi

onal

s24

1Ab

ashi

nzw

e icu

ngam

ari

242

Adm

inis

trat

ion

prof

essi

onal

s24

2Ab

ashi

nzw

e im

iyob

orer

e

243

Sale

s, m

arke

ting

and

publ

ic r

elat

ions

pr

ofes

sion

als

243

Abaz

ober

eye m

u ku

guris

ha,k

wam

amaz

a no

gu

huza

inze

go

25In

form

atio

n a

nd

co

mm

un

icat

ion

s te

chn

olog

y p

rofe

ssio

nal

s25

Ab

azob

erey

e m

u i

tum

anah

o h

akor

esh

ejw

e ik

oran

abu

han

ga

251

Softw

are

and

appl

icat

ions

dev

elop

ers

and

anal

ysts

251

Abaz

ober

eye m

u gu

kora

za

softw

are n

a za

pr

ogra

mm

es

252

Dat

abas

e an

d ne

twor

k pr

ofes

sion

als

252

Abaz

ober

eye m

uri d

atab

ase n

’um

uron

go w

a m

udas

obw

a

26L

egal

, soc

ial a

nd

cu

ltu

ral

pro

fess

ion

als

26A

bak

ora

mu

bij

yan

ye n

’am

ateg

eko

n’im

iber

eho

myi

za

261

Leg

al p

rofe

ssio

nals

261

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

’am

pateg

eko

262

Lib

rari

ans,

arch

ivis

ts a

nd c

urat

ors

262

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

erek

eran

ye n

’ ibi

tabo

no

kubi

bibi

ka

263

Soci

al a

nd r

elig

ious

pro

fess

iona

ls26

3Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’iy

obok

aman

a n’

imib

ereh

o m

yiza

264

Aut

hors

, jou

rnal

ists

and

ling

uist

s26

4Ab

andi

tsi b

’ibita

bo,a

bany

amak

uru

n’ab

azob

erey

e m

u by

’indi

mi

265

Cre

ativ

e an

d pe

rfor

min

g ar

tists

265

Abah

anzi


295

2P

rofe

ssio

nal

s2

AB

AN

YAM

WU

GA

(

PR

OFE

SSIO

NN

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S)

21Sc

ien

ce a

nd

en

gin

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ng

pro

fess

ion

als

21A

bak

ora

imyu

ga i

jyan

ye

n’u

bu

men

yi n

’ik

oran

abu

han

ga

211

Phys

ical

and

ear

th s

cien

ce

prof

essi

onal

s21

1Ab

akor

a im

yuga

ijya

nye n

’ubu

geng

e(ph

ysics

)n’

ubum

enyi

bw

’ubu

taka

212

Mat

hem

atic

ians

, act

uari

es a

nd

stat

istic

ians

212

Abak

ora

mu

bijya

nye n

’imib

are,n

’ibar

urish

amire

213

Life

sci

ence

pro

fess

iona

ls21

3Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’u

bum

enyi

bw

’ibin

yabu

zim

a

214

Eng

inee

ring

pro

fess

iona

ls (e

xclu

ding

el

ectr

otec

hnol

ogy)

214

Ba

injen

iyer

i

215

Ele

ctro

tech

nolo

gy e

ngin

eers

215

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

by’a

mas

hany

araz

i

216

Arc

hite

cts,

plan

ners

, sur

veyo

rs a

nd

desi

gner

s21

6Ab

ubat

si,ab

ateg

ura,

baka

nako

ra ib

ishus

hany

o by

’aho

ubw

ubat

si bu

kore

rwa

22H

ealt

h p

rofe

ssio

nal

s22

Ab

akor

a im

irim

o y’

ub

uvu

zi

221

Med

ical

doc

tors

221

Abag

anga

222

Nur

sing

and

mid

wife

ry p

rofe

ssio

nals

222

Abaf

orom

o n’

abab

yaza

b’in

zobe

re

223

Tra

ditio

nal a

nd c

ompl

emen

tary

m

edic

ine

prof

essi

onal

s22

3Ab

avuz

i ba

gako

ndo

babi

zobe

yem

o

224

Para

med

ical

pra

ctiti

oner

s22

4Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ijy

a gu

sa n

’iy’u

buvu

zi

225

Vet

erin

aria

ns22

5Ab

avuz

i b’a

mat

ungo

226

Oth

er h

ealth

pro

fess

iona

ls22

6Iz

indi

nzo

bere

mu

by’u

buvu

zi

23T

each

ing

pro

fess

ion

als

23A

baz

ober

eye

mu

byo

kw

igis

ha.

231

Uni

vers

ity a

nd h

ighe

r ed

ucat

ion

teac

hers

231

Abar

imu

mur

i Kam

inuz

a n’

andi

mas

huri

mak

uru

232

Voc

atio

nal e

duca

tion

teac

hers

232

Abar

imu

bo m

u m

ashu

ri y’

ingo

boka

233

Seco

ndar

y ed

ucat

ion

teac

hers

233

Abar

imu

bo m

ashu

ri yi

sum

buye

234

Prim

ary

scho

ol a

nd e

arly

chi

ldho

od

teac

hers

234

Abar

imu

bo m

u m

ashu

ri ab

anza

n’a

y’in

shuk

e

235

Oth

er te

achi

ng p

rofe

ssio

nals

235

Izin

di n

zobe

reye

mu

byo

kwig

isha

24B

usi

nes

s an

d a

dm

inis

trat

ion

p

rofe

ssio

nal

s24

Ab

ash

inzw

e im

iyob

orer

e n’

ic

un

gam

ari

241

Fina

nce

prof

essi

onal

s24

1Ab

ashi

nzw

e icu

ngam

ari

242

Adm

inis

trat

ion

prof

essi

onal

s24

2Ab

ashi

nzw

e im

iyob

orer

e

243

Sale

s, m

arke

ting

and

publ

ic r

elat

ions

pr

ofes

sion

als

243

Abaz

ober

eye m

u ku

guris

ha,k

wam

amaz

a no

gu

huza

inze

go

25In

form

atio

n a

nd

co

mm

un

icat

ion

s te

chn

olog

y p

rofe

ssio

nal

s25

Ab

azob

erey

e m

u i

tum

anah

o h

akor

esh

ejw

e ik

oran

abu

han

ga

251

Softw

are

and

appl

icat

ions

dev

elop

ers

and

anal

ysts

251

Abaz

ober

eye m

u gu

kora

za

softw

are n

a za

pr

ogra

mm

es

252

Dat

abas

e an

d ne

twor

k pr

ofes

sion

als

252

Abaz

ober

eye m

uri d

atab

ase n

’um

uron

go w

a m

udas

obw

a

26L

egal

, soc

ial a

nd

cu

ltu

ral

pro

fess

ion

als

26A

bak

ora

mu

bij

yan

ye n

’am

ateg

eko

n’im

iber

eho

myi

za

261

Leg

al p

rofe

ssio

nals

261

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

’am

pateg

eko

262

Lib

rari

ans,

arch

ivis

ts a

nd c

urat

ors

262

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

erek

eran

ye n

’ ibi

tabo

no

kubi

bibi

ka

263

Soci

al a

nd r

elig

ious

pro

fess

iona

ls26

3Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’iy

obok

aman

a n’

imib

ereh

o m

yiza

264

Aut

hors

, jou

rnal

ists

and

ling

uist

s26

4Ab

andi

tsi b

’ibita

bo,a

bany

amak

uru

n’ab

azob

erey

e m

u by

’indi

mi

265

Cre

ativ

e an

d pe

rfor

min

g ar

tists

265

Abah

anzi

296


3T

ech

nic

ian

s an

d a

ssoc

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p

rofe

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s3

INZ

OB

ER

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IND

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IJYA

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31Sc

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gin

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ng

asso

ciat

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rofe

ssio

nal

s31

Ab

a in

jen

iyer

i n’

abaz

ober

eye

mu

b

y’u

bu

men

yi

311

Phys

ical

and

eng

inee

ring

sci

ence

te

chni

cian

s31

1Ab

enjen

iyer

i mu

by’u

buge

nge n

’ubu

ndi b

umen

yi

312

Min

ing,

man

ufac

turi

ng a

nd

cons

truc

tion

supe

rvis

ors

312

Abak

urik

irana

bak

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enzu

ra ib

y’icu

kura

ry

’am

abuy

e y’a

gacir

o,aka

zi k

o m

u ng

anda

cy

angw

a ub

wub

atsi

313

Proc

ess

cont

rol t

echn

icia

ns31

3Ab

atek

inisi

ye b

akur

ikira

na ib

ikor

wab

ya te

kini

ke

bita

nduk

anye

314

Life

sci

ence

tech

nici

ans

and

rela

ted

asso

ciat

e pr

ofes

sion

als

314

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

bum

enyi

bw

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yabu

zim

a

315

Ship

and

air

craf

t con

trol

lers

and

te

chni

cian

s31

5Ab

atek

inisi

ye n

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cung

a im

ikor

ere y

’am

ato

n’in

dege

32H

ealt

h a

ssoc

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pro

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32A

bak

ora

mu

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ub

uvu

zi

321

Med

ical

and

pha

rmac

eutic

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tech

nici

ans

321

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

by’u

buvu

zi n

’imiti

322

Nur

sing

and

mid

wife

ry a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

322

Abak

ora

umur

imo

w’u

bufo

rom

o,ubu

byaz

a n’

indi

bi

jya g

usa

323

Tra

ditio

nal a

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ompl

emen

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m

edic

ine

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323

Abak

ora

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wa

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ndo

n’in

di

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vuzi

324

Vet

erin

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tech

nici

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assi

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ts32

4Ab

atek

inisi

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ubijy

anye

n’u

buvu

zi b

w’a

mat

ungo

n’

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afas

ha

325

Oth

er h

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te p

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325

Aban

di b

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asha

mu

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33B

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s an

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inis

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33A

bak

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akis

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333

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334

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Leg

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Abaz

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342

Spor

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343

Art

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Info

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Tel

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311

Phys

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312

Min

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314

Life

sci

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tech

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314

Abat

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315

Ship

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32H

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321

Med

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Abat

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322

Nur

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322

Abak

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323

Tra

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323

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324

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325

Oth

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33B

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33A

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imar

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ub

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331

Fina

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hem

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pr

ofes

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331

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ober

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332

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332

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333

Bus

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334

Adm

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334

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335

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335

Abak

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34A

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ober

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Leg

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341

Abaz

ober

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ano

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342

Spor

ts a

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orke

rs34

2Ab

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u bi

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343

Art

istic

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s34

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35In

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mm

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chn

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35A

bat

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351

Info

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mun

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chno

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ser

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352

Tel

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mun

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298


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412

Secr

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(gen

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413

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413

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42C

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s42

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421

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422

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43A

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432

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441

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511

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512

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515

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521

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53Pe

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299

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412

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413

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413

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43A

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432

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515

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516

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53Pe

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53A

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531

Chi

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nor’s

1112

05Ab

ayob

ozi b

’inta

ra

1112

06M

ayor

s11

1206

Abay

oboz

i b’u

ture

re

1112

07V

ice

May

ors

1112

07Ab

ungi

rije a

bayo

bozi

b’u

ture

re

1112

08D

irec

tor

Gen

eral

of

Gov

ernm

ent

inst

itutio

n11

1208

Abay

oboz

i bak

uru

b’ib

igo

bya

leta

1112

09D

irec

tor

of

Gov

ernm

ent i

nstit

utio

ns11

1209

Abay

oboz

i b’ib

igo

bya

leta

1112

10E

xecu

tive

secr

etar

y of

sta

te in

stitu

tions

1112

10Ab

ayob

ozi n

shin

gwab

ikor

wa

b’ut

urer

e n’ib

igo

bya

reta

1113

Tra

ditio

nal c

hief

s an

d he

ads

of v

illag

e11

13Ab

ayob

ozi b

a ga

kond

o n’

ab’in

zego

z’ib

anze

306


1113

01Se

ctor

exe

cutiv

e se

cret

arie

s11

1301

Aban

yam

aban

ga n

shin

gwab

ikor

wa

b’im

ireng

e

1113

02C

ell e

xecu

tive

secr

etat

ies

1113

02Ab

anya

mab

anga

nsh

ingw

abik

orw

a b’

utug

ari

1114

Seni

or o

ffici

als

of s

peci

al-in

tere

st

orga

niza

tions

1114

Abay

oboz

i n’a

bako

zi b

akur

u b’

amas

hyira

ham

we

yiha

riye

1114

01N

atio

nal C

omm

issi

onal

and

Tas

k fo

rce

man

ager

s11

1401

Abay

oboz

i ba

kom

isiyo

z’ig

ihug

u na

tusk

forc

e

1114

02Pr

ojec

ts m

anag

ers

1114

02Ab

ayob

ozi b

’imish

inga

112

Man

agin

g di

rect

ors

and

chie

f ex

ecut

ives

112

Abay

oboz

i n’a

bayo

bozi

nsh

ingw

abik

orw

a

1120

Man

agin

g di

rect

ors

and

chie

f ex

ecut

ives

1120

Abay

oboz

i n’a

bayo

bozi

nsh

ingw

abik

orw

a

12A

dm

inis

trat

ive

and

com

mer

cial

m

anag

ers

12A

bay

oboz

i b

’ib

igo

by’

ub

ucu

ruzi

121

Bus

ines

s se

rvic

es a

nd a

dmin

istr

atio

n m

anag

ers

121

Abay

oboz

i b’

ibig

o bi

shak

isha

imar

i

1211

Fina

nce

man

ager

s12

11Ab

ayob

ozi b

’imar

i

1211

01A

dmin

istr

ativ

e an

d co

mm

erci

al

Dir

ecto

r G

ener

al12

1101

abay

oboz

i bak

uru

mu

bigo

by’

ubuc

uruz

i

1211

02A

dmin

istr

ativ

e an

d co

mm

erci

al

Fina

ncia

l dir

ecto

r12

1102

abay

oboz

i b’im

ari m

u bi

go b

y’ub

ucur

uzi

1212

Hum

an r

esou

rce

man

ager

s12

12Ab

ayob

ozi b

ashi

nzw

e guc

unga

aba

kozi

1213

Polic

y an

d pl

anni

ng m

anag

ers

1213

Abay

oboz

i mu

rweg

o rw

a po

litik

i mu

by’ig

enam

igam

bi

1219

Bus

ines

s se

rvic

es a

nd a

dmin

istr

atio

n m

anag

ers

not e

lsew

here

cla

ssifi

ed12

19Ab

ayob

ozi b

’ibig

o bi

shak

isha

imar

i bat

avuz

we

ahan

di

122

Sale

s, m

arke

ting

and

deve

lopm

ent

man

ager

s12

2Ab

ayob

ozi m

u rw

ego

rw’ig

urish

a n’

iyam

amaz

a ry

’ibicu

ruzw

a

1221

Sale

s an

d m

arke

ting

man

ager

s12

21Ab

ayob

ozi m

u rw

ego

rw’ig

urish

a n’

iyam

amaz

arw

’ibicu

ruzw

a

1222

Adv

ertis

ing

and

publ

ic r

elat

ions

m

anag

ers

1222

Abay

oboz

i mu

rweg

o rw

’iyam

aza

no g

uhuz

a im

ikor

anire

y’in

zego

1223

Res

earc

h an

d de

velo

pmen

t man

ager

s12

23Ab

ayob

ozi m

u rw

ego

rw’u

bush

akas

hatsi

n’

itera

mbe

re


307

13P

rod

uct

ion

an

d s

pec

iali

sed

se

rvic

es m

anag

ers

13A

bay

oboz

i m

u m

irim

o it

anga

u

mu

saru

ro n

’in

di

ifite

um

wih

arik

o

131

Prod

uctio

n m

anag

ers

in a

gric

ultu

re,

fore

stry

and

fish

erie

s13

1Ab

ayob

ozi m

u m

irim

o y’

ubuh

inzi

,am

ashy

amba

n’

ubur

obyi

1311

Agr

icul

tura

l and

fore

stry

pro

duct

ion

man

ager

s13

11Ab

ayob

ozi m

u m

irim

o y’

ubuh

inzi

n’a

mas

hyam

ba

1312

Aqu

acul

ture

and

fish

erie

s pr

oduc

tion

man

ager

s13

12Ab

ayob

ozi m

u m

irim

o y’

ubw

oroz

i bw

’am

afi

n’ub

urob

yi

132

Man

ufac

turi

ng, m

inin

g, c

onst

ruct

ion,

an

d di

stri

butio

n m

anag

ers

132

Abay

oboz

i mu

miri

mo

y’ub

ukor

ikor

i,ubu

cuku

zi,

ubw

ubat

si

1321

Man

ufac

turi

ng m

anag

ers

1321

Abay

oboz

i mu

miri

mo

y’ub

ukor

ikor

i

1322

Min

ing

man

ager

s13

22Ab

ayob

ozi m

u m

irim

o y’

ubuc

ukuz

i

1323

Con

stru

ctio

n m

anag

ers

1323

Abay

oboz

i mu

miri

mo

y’ub

wub

atsi

1324

Supp

ly, d

istr

ibut

ion

and

rela

ted

man

ager

s13

24Ab

ayob

ozi m

u ku

gem

ura

cg g

ukw

irakw

iza

ibik

enew

e

133

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

te

chno

logy

ser

vice

man

ager

s13

3Ab

ayob

ozi m

uitu

man

aho

rijya

nye i

kora

nabu

hang

a

1330

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

te

chno

logy

ser

vice

man

ager

s13

30Ab

ayob

ozi m

uitu

man

aho

rijya

nye i

kora

nabu

hang

a

134

Prof

essi

onal

ser

vice

s m

anag

ers

134

Abay

oboz

i mu

myu

ga y

ihar

iye

1341

Chi

ld c

are

serv

ices

man

ager

s13

41Ab

ayob

ozi m

u m

irim

o yo

kw

ita k

u ba

na

1342

Hea

lth s

ervi

ces

man

ager

s13

42Ab

ayob

ozi m

u m

irim

o ye

reke

rany

e n’u

buvu

zi

1343

Age

d ca

re s

ervi

ces

man

ager

s13

43Ab

ayob

ozi m

u m

irim

o yo

kw

ita k

u ba

shes

he

akan

guhe

1344

Soci

al w

elfa

re m

anag

ers

1344

Abay

oboz

i mu

byer

ekey

e im

iber

eho

myi

za

y’ab

atur

age

1345

Edu

catio

n m

anag

ers

1345

Abay

oboz

i mu

byer

eker

anye

n’im

yigi

re

1345

01H

eads

of

high

er le

arni

ng in

stitu

tions

an

d de

putie

s13

4501

Abak

uriy

e ibi

go b

y’am

ashu

ri m

akur

u n’

abab

ungi

rije

1345

02T

echn

ical

and

voc

atio

nal s

choo

l pr

inci

pals

and

depu

ty p

rinc

ipal

s13

4502

Abak

uriy

e ibi

go b

y’am

ashu

ri yi

sum

buye

y’im

yuga

n’

abab

ungi

rije

1345

03Se

cond

ary

scho

ol h

eadt

each

ers

and

depu

ties

1345

03Ab

akur

iye u

burez

i mu

bigo

by’

amas

huri

yisu

mbu

ye n

’aba

bung

irije

308


1345

04Pr

imar

y sc

hool

hea

dtea

cher

s an

d de

putie

s13

4504

Abak

uriy

e ubu

rezi m

u bi

go b

y’am

ashu

ri ab

anza

n’

abab

ungi

rije

1345

05Pr

e-sc

hool

hea

ds13

4505

Abak

uriy

e ibi

go b

y’am

ashu

ri y’

incu

ke

1346

Fina

ncia

l and

insu

ranc

e se

rvic

es

bran

ch m

anag

ers

1346

Abay

oboz

i mu

miri

mo

y’ub

utun

zi n

’ubw

ishin

gizi

1349

Prof

essi

onal

ser

vice

s m

anag

ers

not

else

whe

re c

lass

ified

1349

Abay

oboz

i muy

indi

miri

mo

itagi

ze a

ho iv

ugw

a

14H

osp

ital

ity,

ret

ail a

nd

oth

er

serv

ices

man

ager

s14

Ab

ayob

ozi

mu

mir

imo

ijya

ne

no

gucu

mb

ikir

a ab

antu

n’i

bin

di

bis

a n

ayo

141

Hot

el a

nd r

esta

uran

t man

ager

s14

1Ab

ayob

ozi b

’am

ahot

eri n

’aho

bar

ira

1411

Hot

el m

anag

ers

1411

Abay

oboz

i b’a

mah

oter

i

1411

01H

igh

stan

dard

hot

el m

anag

ers

1411

01Ab

ayob

ozi b

’am

ahot

eri m

anin

i

1411

02L

ow s

tand

ard

hote

l man

ager

s14

1102

Abay

oboz

i b’a

mah

oter

i acir

iritse

1411

03M

otel

and

gue

st-h

ouse

man

ager

s14

1103

Abay

oboz

i ba

mot

el na

gue

st

1411

04H

oste

l and

hos

pita

lity

cent

er m

anag

ers

1411

04Ab

ayob

ozi b

a ho

stels

na ce

ntre

d’a

ccue

il

1411

05L

ogde

s m

anag

ers

1411

05Ab

ayob

ozi b

’am

acum

bi

1412

Res

taur

ant m

anag

ers

1412

Abay

oboz

i b’a

ho b

arira

142

Ret

ail a

nd w

hole

sale

trad

e m

anag

ers

142

Abay

oboz

i mu

bucu

ruzi

bud

anda

za n

’ubu

rang

uza

1420

Ret

ail a

nd w

hole

sale

trad

e m

anag

ers

1420

Abay

oboz

i mu

bucu

ruzi

bud

anda

za n

’ubu

rang

uza

1420

01W

hole

sale

trad

e m

anag

ers

1420

01Ab

ayob

ozi m

u bu

curu

zi b

uran

guza

1420

02R

etai

l tra

de m

anag

ers

1420

02Ab

ayob

ozi m

u bu

curu

zi b

udan

daza

143

Oth

er s

ervi

ces

man

ager

s14

3Ab

ayob

ozi b

o m

uzin

di se

rvisi

1431

Spor

ts, r

ecre

atio

n an

d cu

ltura

l cen

tre

man

ager

s14

31Ab

ayob

ozi b

’ibig

o by

’mik

ino,i

myi

daga

duro

n’

imico

ya

gako

ndo

1431

01Sp

orts

cen

tre

man

ager

s14

3101

Abay

oboz

i b’ib

igo

by’im

ikin

o

1431

02R

ecre

atio

n ce

ntre

man

ager

s14

3102

Abay

oboz

i b’ib

igo

by’im

yida

gadu

ro

1431

03C

ultu

ral c

entr

e m

anag

ers

1431

03Ab

ayob

ozi b

’ibig

o by

’’im

ico y

a ga

kond

o

1439

Serv

ices

man

ager

s no

t else

whe

re

clas

sifie

d14

39Ab

ayob

ozi m

uzin

di s

ervi

si z

itagi

ze a

ho z

ivug

wa


309

2P

rofe

ssio

nal

s2

AB

AN

YAM

WU

GA

(

PR

OFE

SSIO

NN

EL

S)

21Sc

ien

ce a

nd

en

gin

eeri

ng

pro

fess

ion

als

21A

bak

ora

imyu

ga i

jyan

ye

n’u

bu

men

yi n

’ik

oran

abu

han

ga

211

Phys

ical

and

ear

th s

cien

ce

prof

essi

onal

s21

1Ab

akor

a im

yuga

ijya

nye n

’ubu

geng

e(ph

ysics

)n’

ubum

enyi

bw

’ubu

taka

2111

Phys

icis

ts a

nd a

stro

nom

ers

2111

Abak

ora

imyu

ga ij

yany

e n’u

buge

ni cg

ubu

men

yi

bw’in

yeny

eri

2112

Met

eoro

logi

sts

2112

Abak

ora

umw

uga

ujya

nye n

’ihin

duka

ry’ib

ihe

2113

Che

mis

ts21

13Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ijy

anye

n’u

buta

bire

2114

Geo

logi

sts

and

geop

hysi

cist

s21

14Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ijy

anye

n’a

mab

uye y

’aga

ciro

n’ub

umen

yi b

w’u

buta

ka

212

Mat

hem

atic

ians

, act

uari

es a

nd

stat

istic

ians

212

Abak

ora

mu

bijya

nye n

’imib

are,n

’ibar

urish

amire

2120

Mat

hem

atic

ians

, act

uari

es a

nd

stat

istic

ians

2120

Abak

ora

mu

bijya

nye n

’imib

are,n

’ibar

urish

amire

213

Life

sci

ence

pro

fess

iona

ls21

3Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’u

bum

enyi

bw

’ibin

yabu

zim

a

2131

Bio

logi

sts,

bota

nist

s, zo

olog

ists

and

re

late

d pr

ofes

sion

als

2131

Abak

ora

mu

bijya

nye n

’ubu

men

yi b

w’ib

inya

buzi

ma,

ibim

era,

inya

mas

wa,

n’ib

indi

bijy

a gu

sa,

2132

Farm

ing,

fore

stry

and

fish

erie

s ad

vise

rs21

32Ab

akor

a ub

ujya

nam

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’

ubw

oroz

i,am

ashy

amba

, n’u

buro

byi

2132

01Fa

rmin

g ad

vise

rs21

3201

Abak

ora

ubuj

yana

ma

mu

bijya

nye n

’ubu

hinz

i

2132

02Fi

sher

ies

advi

sers

2132

02Ab

akor

a ub

ujya

nam

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’u

bwor

ozi

bw’a

mafi

2132

03Fo

rest

ry a

dvis

ers

2132

03Ab

akor

a ub

ujya

nam

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’a

mas

hyam

ba

2133

Env

iron

men

tal p

rote

ctio

n pr

ofes

sion

als

2133

Abak

ora

mu

bijya

nye n

o ku

rinda

ibid

ukik

ije

214

Eng

inee

ring

pro

fess

iona

ls (e

xclu

ding

el

ectr

otec

hnol

ogy)

214

Ba

injen

iyer

i

2141

Indu

stri

al a

nd p

rodu

ctio

n en

gine

ers

2141

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

by’in

gand

a

2142

Civ

il en

gine

ers

2142

Ba

injen

iyer

ri m

u by

’ubw

ubat

si

2143

Env

iron

men

tal e

ngin

eers

2143

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

bidu

kiki

je

2144

Mec

hani

cal e

ngin

eers

2144

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

guka

nika

310


2145

Che

mic

al e

ngin

eers

2145

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

by’u

buta

bire

2146

Min

ing

engi

neer

s, m

etal

lurg

ists

and

re

late

d pr

ofes

sion

als

2146

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

bucu

kuzi

bw

‘am

abuy

ey’a

gacir

o,guc

ura

ibyu

ma,

n’ib

indi

bi

jya g

usa

2149

Eng

inee

ring

pro

fess

iona

ls no

t el

sew

here

cla

ssifi

ed21

49B

a in

jeniy

eri b

atav

uzw

e heju

ru

215

Ele

ctro

tech

nolo

gy e

ngin

eers

215

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

by’a

mas

hany

araz

i

2151

Ele

ctri

cal e

ngin

eers

2151

Ba

injen

iyer

i mu

by’a

mas

hany

araz

i

2152

Ele

ctro

nics

eng

inee

rs21

52B

a ije

niye

ri m

u by

a ele

ctron

ike

2153

Tel

ecom

mun

icat

ions

eng

inee

rs21

53B

a in

jeniy

eri m

u by

’itum

anah

o

216

Arc

hite

cts,

plan

ners

, sur

veyo

rs a

nd

desi

gner

s21

6Ab

ubat

si,ab

ateg

ura,

baka

nako

ra ib

ishus

hany

o by

’aho

ubw

ubat

si bu

kore

rwa

2161

Bui

ldin

g ar

chite

cts

2161

Abak

ora

ibish

usha

nyo

by’a

maz

u(pl

an)

2162

Lan

dsca

pe a

rchi

tect

s21

62Ab

asuz

uma

imite

rere

y’u

buta

ka b

wub

akw

aho

2163

Prod

uct a

nd g

arm

ent d

esig

ners

2163

Abas

hush

anya

bak

anak

ora

mod

el z’

ibita

mba

ro

n’im

yend

a

2164

Tow

n an

d tr

affic

pla

nner

s21

64Ab

ashu

shan

ya in

zira

z’im

ihan

da y

o m

u m

ujyi

2165

Car

togr

aphe

rs a

nd s

urve

yors

2165

Abak

ora

amak

arita

2166

Gra

phic

and

mul

timed

ia d

esig

ners

2166

Abak

ora

itang

azam

akur

u rik

ores

heje

ibish

usha

nyo,i

nyan

diko

n’ib

iteke

rezo

22H

ealt

h p

rofe

ssio

nal

s22

Ab

akor

a im

irim

o y’

ub

uvu

zi

221

Med

ical

doc

tors

221

Abag

anga

2211

Gen

eral

ist m

edic

al p

ract

ition

ers

2211

Abag

anga

mu

buvu

zi b

utih

ariy

e/ba

fite u

bum

enyi

ru

sang

e

2212

Spec

ialis

t med

ical

pra

ctiti

oner

s 22

12Ab

agan

ga b

’inzo

bere

222

Nur

sing

and

mid

wife

ry p

rofe

ssio

nals

222

Abaf

orom

o n’

abab

yaza

b’in

zobe

re

2221

Nur

sing

pro

fess

iona

ls22

21Ab

afor

omo

b’in

zobe

re

2222

Mid

wife

ry p

rofe

ssio

nals

2222

Abaz

ober

eye m

u ku

byaz

a

223

Tra

ditio

nal a

nd c

ompl

emen

tary

m

edic

ine

prof

essi

onal

s22

3Ab

avuz

i ba

gako

ndo

babi

zobe

yem

o

2230

Tra

ditio

nal a

nd c

ompl

emen

tary

m

edic

ine

prof

essi

onal

s22

30Ab

avuz

i ba

gako

ndo

babi

zobe

yem

o


311

224

Para

med

ical

pra

ctiti

oner

s22

4Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ijy

a gu

sa n

’iy’u

buvu

zi

2240

Para

med

ical

pra

ctiti

oner

s22

40Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ijy

a gu

sa n

’iy’u

buvu

zi

225

Vet

erin

aria

ns22

5Ab

avuz

i b’a

mat

ungo

2250

Vet

erin

aria

ns22

50Ab

avuz

i b’a

mat

ungo

226

Oth

er h

ealth

pro

fess

iona

ls22

6Iz

indi

nzo

bere

mu

by’u

buvu

zi

2261

Den

tists

2261

Abav

uzi b

’am

enyo

2262

Phar

mac

ists

2262

Abac

uruz

i b’im

iti

2262

01Ph

arm

acis

ts

2262

01Ab

acur

uzi b

’imiti

y’a

bant

u

2262

02V

eter

inar

y Ph

arm

acis

ts22

6202

Abac

uruz

i b’im

iti y

’am

atun

go

2263

Env

iron

men

tal a

nd o

ccup

atio

nal

heal

th a

nd h

ygie

ne p

rofe

ssio

nals

2263

Abaz

ober

eye m

u kw

ita k

u bu

zim

a n’

ibid

ukik

ije

2264

Phys

ioth

erap

ists

22

64Ab

azob

erey

e muk

uvur

a ba

kore

sheje

ur

umur

i,am

asha

nyar

azi n

’ibin

di

2265

Die

ticia

ns a

nd n

utri

tioni

sts

2265

Abah

anga

mu

bijya

nye n

’imiri

re

2266

Aud

iolo

gist

s an

d sp

eech

ther

apis

ts22

66Ab

azob

erey

e mu

buvu

zi b

ujya

nye n

o kw

umva

no

kuvu

ga

2267

Opt

omet

rist

s an

d op

htha

lmic

opt

icia

ns22

67Ab

azob

erey

e mu

buvu

zi b

w’a

mas

o

2269

Hea

lth p

rofe

ssio

nals

not e

lsew

here

cl

assi

fied

2269

Inzo

bere

mu

by’u

bund

i buv

uzi b

tavu

zwe h

ejuru

23T

each

ing

pro

fess

ion

als

23A

baz

ober

eye

mu

byo

kw

igis

ha.

231

Uni

vers

ity a

nd h

ighe

r ed

ucat

ion

teac

hers

231

Abar

imu

mur

i Kam

inuz

a n’

andi

mas

huri

mak

uru

2310

Uni

vers

ity a

nd h

ighe

r ed

ucat

ion

teac

hers

2310

Abar

imu

mur

i Kam

inuz

a n’

andi

mas

huri

mak

uru

2310

01A

ccou

ntin

g, F

inan

ce &

Mat

hem

atic

s te

ache

rs23

1001

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anye

n’

icung

amut

ungo

,icun

gam

ali n

’imib

are

2310

02A

rts

and

Hum

aniti

es te

ache

rs23

1002

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anye

n’u

buge

ni

n’ub

umen

yam

untu

2310

03Fo

od P

rocc

esin

g an

d te

chno

logy

te

ache

rs23

1003

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anye

n’ik

oran

abuh

anga

no

gutu

ngan

ya ib

iribw

a

2310

04Fi

ne a

rt a

nd d

esig

n te

ache

rs23

1004

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anjye

n’ib

ikor

esho

by

’ubu

geni

n’im

itako

312


2310

05T

echn

olog

y &

Eng

inee

ring

teac

hers

2310

05Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’ikor

anab

uhan

ga

n’ub

ufun

di

2310

06H

uman

, Env

iron

men

tal a

nd N

atur

al

Scie

nces

teac

hers

2310

06Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’um

untu

,ibid

ukik

ije

n’um

utun

go k

amer

e

2310

07A

gric

ultu

re a

nd L

ives

tock

sci

ence

te

ache

rs23

1007

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anye

n’u

buhi

nzi n

’ubw

oroz

i

2310

08Sc

ial w

orks

/Soc

ial S

cien

ces

teac

hers

2310

08Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’imib

ereh

a m

yiza

2310

09R

elig

ious

Stu

dies

teac

hers

2310

09Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’iyob

okam

ana

2310

10E

duca

tion

stud

ies

teac

hers

2310

10Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’ubu

rezi (

educ

atio

n)

2310

11M

edec

ines

stu

dies

teac

hers

2310

11Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’ubu

vuzi

232

Voc

atio

nal e

duca

tion

teac

hers

232

Abar

imu

bo m

u m

ashu

ri y’

ingo

boka

2320

Voc

atio

nal e

duca

tion

teac

hers

2320

Abar

imu

bo m

u m

ashu

ri y’

ingo

boka

2320

01Pl

umbi

ng &

Pip

e fit

ting

teac

hers

2320

01Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

o gu

shyi

ra a

maz

i mu

nzu

no g

utun

gany

a am

atiy

o y’

amaz

i

2320

02B

uild

ing

teac

hers

2320

02Ab

arim

u b’

ubw

ubat

si

2320

03M

otor

veh

icle

tech

nolg

y te

ache

rs23

2003

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ikor

anab

uhan

ga m

u by

’imod

oka

2320

04E

lect

rica

l and

Ele

cton

ics

teac

hers

2320

04Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’am

asha

nyar

azi n

a ele

gitu

roni

ke

2320

05A

gric

ultu

re a

nd li

vest

ock

prod

uctio

n te

ache

rs23

2005

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anye

n’ u

buhi

nzi n

’ubw

oroz

i

2320

06W

eldi

ng a

nd m

etal

fabr

icat

ion

teac

hers

2320

06Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

o gu

kora

ibyu

ma

no

gusu

dira

2320

07Fo

od p

repa

ratio

n an

d pr

occe

ssin

g te

ache

rs23

2007

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

gutu

ngan

ya n

o gu

teka

ibiri

bwa

2320

08Fi

ne a

rt a

nd d

esig

n te

ache

rs23

2008

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anjye

n’ib

ikor

esho

by

’ubu

geni

n’im

itako

2320

09C

loth

ing

and

Tex

tile

teac

hers

2320

09Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’ im

yam

baro

n’

imya

mba

rire

233

Seco

ndar

y ed

ucat

ion

teac

hers

233

Abar

imu

bo m

ashu

ri yi

sum

buye

2330

Seco

ndar

y ed

ucat

ion

teac

hers

2330

Abar

imu

bo m

ashu

ri yi

sum

buye

2330

01M

athe

mat

ics

teac

hers

2330

01Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a im

ibar

e

2330

02E

nglis

h te

ache

rs23

3002

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

icyon

gerez

a


313

2330

03C

hem

istr

y te

ache

rs23

3003

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ubut

abire

2330

04B

iolo

gy te

ache

rs23

3004

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibin

yabu

zim

a

2330

05A

gric

ultu

re te

ache

rs23

3005

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ubuh

inzi

2330

06Ph

ysic

s te

ache

rs23

3006

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ubug

enge

2330

07E

cono

mic

s te

ache

rs23

3007

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anye

n’ u

buku

ngu

2330

08H

isto

ry te

ache

rs23

3008

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

amat

eka

2330

09G

eogr

aphy

teac

hers

2330

09Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

iduk

ikije

2330

10R

elig

ious

Stu

dies

teac

hers

2330

10Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’iyob

okam

ana

2330

11A

ccou

ntin

g an

d co

mm

erce

teac

hers

2330

11Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ub

ucur

uzi n

’icun

gam

utun

go

2330

12E

ntre

pren

eurs

hip

teac

hers

2330

12Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

o kw

ihan

gira

imiri

mo

234

Prim

ary

scho

ol a

nd e

arly

chi

ldho

od

teac

hers

234

Abar

imu

bo m

u m

ashu

ri ab

anza

n’a

y’in

shuk

e

2341

Prim

ary

scho

ol te

ache

rs23

41Ab

arim

u bo

mu

mas

huri

aban

za

2341

01M

athe

mat

ics

teac

hers

2341

01Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a im

ibar

e

2341

02E

nglis

h te

ache

rs23

4102

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

icyon

gerez

a

2341

03Sc

ienc

e te

ache

rs23

4103

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibijy

anye

n’u

bum

enyi

2341

04So

cial

stu

dies

teac

hers

2341

04Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ib

ijyan

ye n

’um

urya

ngo

2342

Ear

ly c

hild

hood

edu

cato

rs23

42Ab

arim

u bo

mu

mas

huri

y’in

shuk

e

235

Oth

er te

achi

ng p

rofe

ssio

nals

235

Izin

di n

zobe

reye

mu

byo

kwig

isha

2351

Edu

catio

n m

etho

ds s

peci

alis

ts23

51Ab

azob

erey

e mu

guteg

ura

integ

anya

nyig

isho

2352

Spec

ial n

eeds

teac

hers

2352

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ibin

tu b

yiha

riye

2353

Oth

er la

ngua

ge te

ache

rs23

53Ab

arim

u b’

izin

di n

dim

i

2353

01K

inya

rwan

da te

ache

rs23

5301

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ikin

yarw

anda

2353

02Fr

ench

teac

hers

2353

02Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ig

ifara

nsa

2353

03G

erm

an te

ache

rs23

5303

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

ikid

age

2353

04Sp

anis

h te

ache

rs23

5304

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

icyes

ipan

yole

2353

05Sw

ahili

teac

hers

2353

05Ab

arim

u bi

gish

a ig

isway

ire

2353

06C

hine

se te

ache

rs23

5306

Abar

imu

bigi

sha

igish

inw

a

2354

Oth

er m

usic

teac

hers

2354

Abar

imu

b’im

izik

i

2355

Oth

er a

rts

teac

hers

2355

Abar

imu

b’ub

ukor

ikor

i

314


2356

Info

rmat

ion

tech

nolo

gy tr

aine

rs23

56Ab

arim

u m

u by

a m

udas

obw

a

2359

Tea

chin

g pr

ofes

sion

als

not e

lsew

here

cl

assi

fied

2359

Abar

imu

mu

bind

i bita

gize

aho

biv

ugw

a

24B

usi

nes

s an

d a

dm

inis

trat

ion

p

rofe

ssio

nal

s24

Ab

ash

inzw

e im

iyob

orer

e n’

ic

un

gam

ari

241

Fina

nce

prof

essi

onal

s24

1Ab

ashi

nzw

e icu

ngam

ari

2411

Acc

ount

ants

2411

Um

ucun

gam

ari

2412

Fina

ncia

l and

inve

stm

ent a

dvis

ers

2412

Abaj

yana

ma

mu

icung

amar

i n’is

hora

mar

i

2413

Fina

ncia

l ana

lyst

s24

13Ab

azob

erey

e mu

guse

seng

ura

iby’

icung

amar

i

242

Adm

inis

trat

ion

prof

essi

onal

s24

2Ab

ashi

nzw

e im

iyob

orer

e

2421

Man

agem

ent a

nd o

rgan

izat

ion

anal

ysts

2421

Abaz

ober

eye m

u gu

sese

ngur

a ib

ijyan

ye

n’ub

uyob

ozi

2422

Polic

y ad

min

istr

atio

n pr

ofes

sion

als

2422

Abas

hinz

we g

ahun

da y

’imiy

obor

ere

2423

Pers

onne

l and

car

eers

pro

fess

iona

ls24

23Ab

ashi

nzw

e aba

kozi

n’it

eram

bere

ryab

o

2424

Tra

inin

g an

d st

aff

deve

lopm

ent

prof

essi

onal

s24

24Ab

ashi

nzw

e am

ahug

urw

a y’

abak

ozi

243

Sale

s, m

arke

ting

and

publ

ic r

elat

ions

pr

ofes

sion

als

243

Abaz

ober

eye m

u ku

guris

ha,k

wam

amaz

a no

gu

huza

inze

go

2431

Adv

ertis

ing

and

mar

ketin

g pr

ofes

sion

als

2431

Abaz

ober

eye m

u ku

guris

ha,k

wam

amaz

a

2432

Publ

ic r

elat

ions

pro

fess

iona

ls24

32Ab

azob

erey

e mu

guhu

za in

zego

2433

Tec

hnic

al a

nd m

edic

al s

ales

pr

ofes

sion

als

(exc

ludi

ng I

CT

)24

33Ab

azob

erey

e mu

igur

isha

na t

ekin

iki m

u bi

jyany

e n’

ubuv

uzi(h

atar

imo

ibijy

anye

na

mud

asob

wa)

2434

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

te

chno

logy

sal

es p

rofe

ssio

nals

2434

Abaz

ober

eye m

u itu

man

aho

hako

resh

ejwe

ikor

anab

uhan

ga

25In

form

atio

n a

nd

co

mm

un

icat

ion

s te

chn

olog

y p

rofe

ssio

nal

s25

Ab

azob

erey

e m

u i

tum

anah

o h

akor

esh

ejw

e ik

oran

abu

han

ga

251

Softw

are

and

appl

icat

ions

dev

elop

ers

and

anal

ysts

251

Abaz

ober

eye m

u gu

kora

za

softw

are n

a za

pr

ogra

mm

es

2511

Syst

ems

anal

ysts

2511

Abaz

ober

eye m

u gu

sese

ngur

a za

syste

mes

2512

Softw

are

deve

lope

rs25

12Ab

azob

erey

e mu

gutu

ngan

ya z

a so

ftwar

e


315

2513

Web

and

mul

timed

ia d

evel

oper

s25

13Ab

azob

erey

e mu

gutu

ngan

ya z

a w

ebsit

es

2514

App

licat

ions

pro

gram

mer

s25

14Ab

azob

erey

e mu

guko

ra z

a pr

ogra

mm

es

2519

Softw

are

and

appl

icat

ions

dev

elop

ers

and

anal

ysts

not

else

whe

re c

lass

ified

2519

Abaz

ober

eye m

u gu

kora

za

softw

are,n

a za

pr

ogra

mm

e bat

agiz

e aho

bav

ugw

a

252

Dat

abas

e an

d ne

twor

k pr

ofes

sion

als

252

Abaz

ober

eye m

uri d

atab

ase n

’um

uron

go w

a m

udas

obw

a

2521

Dat

abas

e de

sign

ers

and

adm

inis

trat

ors

2521

Abat

unga

nya

baka

nako

resh

a da

taba

se

2522

Syst

ems

adm

inis

trat

ors

2522

Abak

urik

irana

imik

orer

e ya

rése

au

2523

Com

pute

r ne

twor

k pr

ofes

sion

als

2523

Abaz

ober

eye m

u m

ikor

ere y

a ré

seau

2529

Dat

abas

e an

d ne

twor

k pr

ofes

sion

als

not e

lsew

here

cla

ssifi

ed25

29Ab

ashi

nzw

e dat

abas

e na

rése

au b

atag

ize a

hand

i ba

vugw

a

26L

egal

, soc

ial a

nd

cu

ltu

ral

pro

fess

ion

als

26A

bak

ora

mu

bij

yan

ye n

’am

ateg

eko

n’im

iber

eho

myi

za

261

Leg

al p

rofe

ssio

nals

261

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

’am

pateg

eko

2611

Law

yers

2611

Aban

yam

ateg

eko

2611

01C

rim

inal

law

pra

ctiti

oner

s26

1101

Impu

guke

mu

mat

egek

o ar

eban

a n’

ibya

ha

by’u

bugo

me

2611

02C

orpo

rate

law

pra

ctiti

oner

s26

1102

Impu

guke

mu

mat

egek

o ar

eban

a n’

ubuc

uruz

i

2611

03C

ivil

law

pra

ctiti

oner

s26

1103

Impu

guke

mu

mat

egek

o ar

eban

a n’

ibig

o bi

daha

rani

ra in

yung

u

2611

04Fa

mily

and

dom

estic

law

pra

ctiti

oner

s26

1104

Impu

guke

mu

mat

egek

o ar

eban

a ‘u

mur

yang

o

2611

05H

uman

rig

ts la

wye

rs26

1105

Aban

yam

ateg

eko

mu

bijya

nye n

’ikire

mw

amun

tu

2612

Judg

es26

12Ab

acam

anza

2619

Leg

al p

rofe

ssio

nals

not e

lsew

here

cl

assi

fied

2619

Aban

yam

ateg

eko

bata

gize

aho

bav

ugw

a

262

Lib

rari

ans,

arch

ivis

ts a

nd c

urat

ors

262

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

erek

eran

ye n

’ ibi

tabo

no

kubi

bibi

ka

2621

Arc

hivi

sts

and

cura

tors

2621

Abaz

ober

eye m

u ku

bika

ibita

bo

2622

Lib

rari

ans

and

rela

ted

info

rmat

ion

prof

essi

onal

s26

22Ab

azob

erey

e mu

byer

eker

anye

n’ib

itabo

n’ib

indi

bi

jya g

usa

bita

vuzw

e heju

ru

263

Soci

al a

nd r

elig

ious

pro

fess

iona

ls26

3Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’iy

obok

aman

a n’

imib

ereh

o m

yiza

316


2631

Eco

nom

ists

2631

Ibijy

anye

n’u

buku

ngu

2632

Soci

olog

ists

, ant

hrop

olog

ists

and

re

late

d pr

ofes

sion

als

2632

Abaz

ober

eye m

u m

iber

eho

myi

za,u

bum

enyi

bw

’imib

ereh

o y’

aban

tu n

’ibin

di b

ijya

gusa

2633

Philo

soph

ers,

hist

oria

ns a

nd p

oliti

cal

scie

ntis

ts26

33Ab

azob

erey

e mu

by’a

mat

eka,

filoz

ofiya

na

polit

iki

2634

Psyc

holo

gist

s26

34Ab

azob

erey

e mu

bijya

nye n

’imyi

twar

ire

2635

Soci

al w

ork

and

coun

selli

ng

prof

essi

onal

s26

35Ab

azob

erey

e mu

bujya

nam

a m

u by

’imib

ereh

o m

yiza

2636

Rel

igio

us p

rofe

ssio

nals

2636

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

’iyob

okam

ana

2636

01C

hris

tian

relig

ious

pro

fess

iona

ls26

3601

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

’iyob

okam

ana

rya

giki

risitu

2636

02Is

lam

ic r

elig

ious

pro

ffess

iona

ls26

3602

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

’iyob

okam

ana

rya

kiyi

silam

u

264

Aut

hors

, jou

rnal

ists

and

ling

uist

s26

4Ab

andi

tsi b

’ibita

bo,a

bany

amak

uru

n’ab

azob

erey

e m

u by

’indi

mi

2641

Aut

hors

and

rel

ated

wri

ters

2641

Aban

ditsi

b’ib

itabo

n’ib

andi

nka

bo

2642

Jour

nalis

ts26

42Ab

anya

mak

uru

2643

Tra

nsla

tors

, int

erpr

eter

s an

d ot

her

lingu

ists

2643

Abas

emuz

i n’a

band

i bah

anga

mu

by’in

dim

i

265

Cre

ativ

e an

d pe

rfor

min

g ar

tists

265

Abah

anzi

2651

Vis

ual a

rtis

ts26

51Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

o gu

tung

anya

am

afot

o,kub

umba

gus

hush

anya

ibih

anga

no

bibo

nesh

wa

ijish

o

2652

Mus

icia

ns, s

inge

rs a

nd c

ompo

sers

2652

Abar

irim

byi n

’aba

him

yi b

’indi

rimbo

2653

Dan

cers

and

cho

reog

raph

ers

2653

Abab

yinn

yi

2654

Film

, sta

ge a

nd r

elat

ed d

irec

tors

and

pr

oduc

ers

2654

Abak

ora

baka

nateg

ura

filim

e,iki

nam

mico

n’

ibijy

anye

naz

o

2655

Act

ors

2655

Abak

inny

i b’ik

inam

ico n

a za

filim

e

2656

Ann

ounc

ers

on r

adio

, tel

evis

ion

and

othe

r m

edia

2656

Aban

yam

akur

u

2659

Cre

ativ

e an

d pe

rfor

min

g ar

tists

not

el

sew

here

cla

ssifi

ed26

59Ab

ahim

byi,a

baha

nzi n

’aba

ndi b

atav

uzw

e heju

ru


317

3T

ech

nic

ian

s an

d a

ssoc

iate

p

rofe

ssio

nal

s3

INZ

OB

ER

E M

UR

I T

EK

INIK

I N

’IB

IND

I B

IJYA

GU

SA

31Sc

ien

ce a

nd

en

gin

eeri

ng

asso

ciat

e p

rofe

ssio

nal

s31

Ab

a in

jen

iyer

i n’

abaz

ober

eye

mu

b

y’u

bu

men

yi

311

Phys

ical

and

eng

inee

ring

sci

ence

te

chni

cian

s31

1Ab

enjen

iyer

i mu

by’u

buge

nge n

’ubu

ndi b

umen

yi

3111

Che

mic

al a

nd p

hysi

cal s

cien

ce

tech

nici

ans

3111

Abah

anga

mu

by’u

buge

nge n

’ubu

tabi

re

3112

Civ

il en

gine

erin

g te

chni

cian

s31

12Ab

enjen

iyer

i mu

by’u

bwub

atsi

3113

Ele

ctri

cal e

ngin

eeri

ng te

chni

cian

s31

13Ab

enjen

iyer

i mu

by’a

mas

hany

araz

i

3114

Ele

ctro

nics

eng

inee

ring

tech

nici

ans

3114

Aben

jeniy

eri m

u by

a ele

ctron

ike

3115

Mec

hani

cal e

ngin

eeri

ng te

chni

cian

s31

15Ab

enjen

iyer

i mu

bya

mec

aniq

ue

3116

Che

mic

al e

ngin

eeri

ng te

chni

cian

s31

16Ab

enjen

iyer

i mu

by’u

buta

bire

3117

Min

ing

and

met

allu

rgic

al te

chni

cian

s31

17Ab

enjen

iyer

i mu

byo

gucu

kura

am

abuy

e y’

agac

iro,n

o gu

kora

ibyu

ma(

meta

llurg

ie)

3118

Dra

ught

sper

sons

3118

Abak

ora

ibish

usha

nyo

by’ib

ikor

erw

a m

u ng

anda

3119

Phys

ical

and

eng

inee

ring

sci

ence

te

chni

cian

s no

t else

whe

re c

lass

ified

3119

Aban

di b

a in

jeniy

eri b

atav

uzw

e heju

ru

312

Min

ing,

man

ufac

turi

ng a

nd

cons

truc

tion

supe

rvis

ors

312

Abak

urik

irana

bak

anag

enzu

ra ib

y’icu

kura

ry

’am

abuy

e y’a

gacir

o,aka

zi k

o m

u ng

anda

cy

angw

a ub

wub

atsi

3121

Min

ing

supe

rvis

ors

3121

Abak

urik

irana

bak

anag

enzu

ra ib

y’icu

kura

ry

’am

abuy

e y’a

gacir

o

3122

Man

ufac

turi

ng s

uper

viso

rs31

22Ab

akur

ikira

na b

akan

agen

zura

ibik

orw

a m

u ng

anda

3123

Con

stru

ctio

n su

perv

isor

s31

23Ab

akur

ikira

na b

akan

agen

zura

iby’

iubw

ubat

si

313

Proc

ess

cont

rol t

echn

icia

ns31

3Ab

atek

inisi

ye b

akur

ikira

na ib

ikor

wab

ya te

kini

ke

bita

nduk

anye

3131

Pow

er p

rodu

ctio

n pl

ant o

pera

tors

3131

Abak

urik

irana

(opé

rato

rs) ib

y’ita

ngw

a ry

’am

asha

nyar

azi

3132

Inci

nera

tor

and

wat

er tr

eatm

ent p

lant

op

erat

ors

3132

Abak

urik

irana

iby’

itang

wa

ry’a

maz

i

3133

Che

mic

al p

roce

ssin

g pl

ant c

ontr

olle

rs31

33Ab

akur

ikira

na ib

ikor

wa

mu

ngan

da z

’ubu

tabi

re

318


3134

Petr

oleu

m a

nd n

atur

al g

as r

efini

ng

plan

t ope

rato

rs31

34Ab

akur

ikira

na ic

ukur

wa

rya

peter

oli n

a ga

zi

3135

Met

al p

rodu

ctio

n pr

oces

s co

ntro

llers

3135

Abak

urik

irana

aha

kore

rwa

haka

natu

ngan

yiriz

wa

ibyu

ma

3139

Proc

ess

cont

rol t

echn

icia

ns n

ot

else

whe

re c

lass

ified

3139

Abat

ekin

isiye

bak

urik

irana

aha

ndi h

antu

ha

tung

anyi

rizw

a ib

itavu

zwe h

ejuru

314

Life

sci

ence

tech

nici

ans

and

rela

ted

asso

ciat

e pr

ofes

sion

als

314

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

bum

enyi

bw

’ibin

yabu

zim

a

3141

Life

sci

ence

tech

nici

ans

(exc

ludi

ng

med

ical

)31

41Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

u bu

men

yi b

w’ib

inya

buzi

ma

3142

Agr

icul

tura

l tec

hnic

ians

3142

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

by’u

buhi

nzi

3143

Fore

stry

tech

nici

ans

3143

Abat

ekisi

ye m

u by

’am

ashy

amba

315

Ship

and

air

craf

t con

trol

lers

and

te

chni

cian

s31

5Ab

atek

inisi

ye n

’aba

cung

a im

ikor

ere y

’am

ato

n’in

dege

3151

Ship

s’ e

ngin

eers

3151

Ba

injen

iyer

i bak

anik

a am

ato

3152

Ship

s’ d

eck

offic

ers

and

pilo

ts31

52Ab

ayob

ozi b

akur

u b’

amat

o n’

inde

ge

3153

Air

craf

t pilo

ts a

nd r

elat

ed a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

3153

Abak

ozi b

o m

u nd

ege n

’aba

ndi n

kabo

3154

Air

traf

fic c

ontr

olle

rs31

54Ab

ayob

ora

inde

ge

3155

Air

traf

fic s

afet

y el

ectr

onic

s te

chni

cian

s31

55Ab

akor

esha

ibyu

ma

biyo

bora

inde

ge

32H

ealt

h a

ssoc

iate

pro

fess

ion

als

32A

bak

ora

mu

by’

ub

uvu

zi

321

Med

ical

and

pha

rmac

eutic

al

tech

nici

ans

321

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

by’u

buvu

zi n

’imiti

3211

Med

ical

imag

ing

and

ther

apeu

tic

equi

pmen

t tec

hnic

ians

3211

Abat

ekin

isiye

bazo

bere

ye m

u by

a ra

diog

raph

ie na

ec

hogr

aphi

e

3212

Med

ical

and

pat

holo

gy la

bora

tory

te

chni

cian

s 32

12Ab

atek

inisi

ye b

azob

erey

e mu

bijya

nye

no g

upim

a in

dwar

a(la

bora

toire

)

3213

Phar

mac

eutic

al te

chni

cian

s an

d as

sist

ants

3213

Abat

ekin

isiye

baz

ober

eye m

u by

’imiti

n’

abab

afas

ha

3214

Med

ical

and

den

tal p

rost

hetic

te

chni

cian

s32

14Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

u by

’ubu

vuzi

bw

’am

enyo

no

kuya

tera

322

Nur

sing

and

mid

wife

ry a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

322

Abak

ora

umur

imo

w’u

bufo

rom

o,ubu

byaz

a n’

indi

bi

jya g

usa


319

3221

Nur

sing

ass

ocia

te p

rofe

ssio

nals

3221

Abak

ora

umur

imo

w’u

bufo

rom

o(A2

)

3222

Mid

wife

ry a

ssoc

iate

pro

fess

iona

ls32

22Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

’ubu

byaz

a

323

Tra

ditio

nal a

nd c

ompl

emen

tary

m

edic

ine

asso

ciat

e pr

ofes

sion

als

323

Abak

ora

umur

imo

w’u

buvu

zi b

wa

gako

ndo

n’in

di

yung

anira

ubu

vuzi

3230

Tra

ditio

nal a

nd c

ompl

emen

tary

m

edic

ine

asso

ciat

e pr

ofes

sion

als

3230

Abak

ora

umur

imo

w’u

buvu

zi b

wa

gako

ndo

n’in

di

yung

anira

ubu

vuzi

324

Vet

erin

ary

tech

nici

ans

and

assi

stan

ts32

4Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

ubijy

anye

n’u

buvu

zi b

w’a

mat

ungo

n’

abab

afas

ha

3240

Vet

erin

ary

tech

nici

ans

and

assi

stan

ts32

40Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

ubijy

anye

n’u

buvu

zi b

w’a

mat

ungo

n’

abab

afas

ha

325

Oth

er h

ealth

ass

ocia

te p

rofe

ssio

nals

325

Aban

di b

akoz

i baf

asha

mu

by’u

buvu

zi

3251

Den

tal a

ssis

tant

s an

d th

erap

ists

3251

Abaf

asha

mub

y’ub

uvuz

i bw

’am

enyo

3252

Med

ical

rec

ords

and

hea

lth

info

rmat

ion

tech

nici

ans

3252

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

kwan

dika

mu

bita

bo

ibye

reke

rany

e n’a

barw

ayi

3253

Com

mun

ity h

ealth

wor

kers

3253

Abaj

yana

ma

mub

y’ub

uzim

a

3254

Dis

pens

ing

optic

ians

3254

Abav

uzi b

’am

aso

3255

Phys

ioth

erap

y te

chni

cian

s an

d as

sist

ants

3255

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

buvu

zi b

wo

kugo

rora

ingi

ngo

n’ab

abun

girij

e

3256

Med

ical

ass

ista

nts

3256

Abaf

orom

o (A

1)

3257

Env

iron

men

tal a

nd o

ccup

atio

nal

heal

th in

spec

tors

and

ass

ocia

tes

3257

Abas

hinz

we u

buge

nzuz

i bw

’ibik

ores

ha n

’am

azu

biko

resh

wa

mu

buvu

zi

3258

Am

bula

nce

wor

kers

3258

Abas

hinz

we g

ukor

esha

am

bula

nce

3259

Hea

lth a

ssoc

iate

pro

fess

iona

ls no

t el

sew

here

cla

ssifi

ed32

59Ab

andi

bak

ora

mu

buvu

zi

33B

usi

nes

s an

d a

dm

inis

trat

ion

as

soci

ate

pro

fess

ion

als

33A

bak

ora

um

uri

mo

wo

gush

akis

ha

imar

i n’

ub

uyo

boz

i

331

Fina

ncia

l and

mat

hem

atic

al a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

331

Abaz

ober

eye m

u gu

tang

a ub

ufas

ha m

u icu

ngam

utun

go n

’ im

ibar

e

3311

Secu

ritie

s an

d fin

ance

dea

lers

and

br

oker

s33

11Ab

ashi

nzw

e ubu

rinzi

guc

unga

imitu

ngo

n’ab

ahuz

a ab

agur

ish n

’aba

gura

3312

Cre

dit a

nd lo

ans

offic

ers

3312

Abay

oboz

i bo

mu

mur

imo

wo

guta

nga

ingu

zany

o

3313

Acc

ount

ing

asso

ciat

e pr

ofes

sion

als

3313

Abaz

ober

eye m

u by

’ubw

unga

nizi

mu

icung

amal

i n’

imib

are

320


3314

Stat

istic

al, m

athe

mat

ical

and

rel

ated

as

soci

ate

prof

essi

onal

s33

14Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

’ibar

urish

amib

are c

g im

ibar

e

3315

Val

uers

and

loss

ass

esso

rs33

15Ab

ahan

ga n

’aba

ndi b

azob

erey

e mu

kum

enya

(kug

enzu

ra) i

yong

era

n’ita

ry’a

gacir

o

332

Sale

s an

d pu

rcha

sing

age

nts

and

brok

ers

332

Abag

ura

n’ab

agur

isha

n’ab

ahuz

a ab

agur

a n’

abag

urish

a(co

mm

issio

naire

s)

3321

Insu

ranc

e re

pres

enta

tives

3321

Abah

agar

ariy

e ubw

ishin

gizi

3322

Com

mer

cial

sal

es r

epre

sent

ativ

es33

22Ab

ahag

arar

iye u

bucu

ruzi

3323

Buy

ers

3323

Abag

uzi

3324

Tra

de b

roke

rs33

24Ab

ahuz

a m

u bi

jyany

e n’u

bucu

ruzi

333

Bus

ines

s se

rvic

es a

gent

s33

3Ab

akor

esha

imiri

mo

yo g

usha

kish

a im

ari

3331

Cle

arin

g an

d fo

rwar

ding

age

nts

3331

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

kuzu

za im

papu

ro m

uri

gasu

tam

o z’

ibya

tum

ijwe m

u m

ahan

ga

3332

Con

fere

nce

and

even

t pla

nner

s33

32Ab

ashi

nzw

e gut

egur

a am

anam

a

3333

Em

ploy

men

t age

nts

and

cont

ract

ors

3333

Abah

uza

abas

haka

aka

zi n

’aba

gata

nga

3334

Rea

l est

ate

agen

ts a

nd p

rope

rty

man

ager

s33

34Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

o ku

rang

a am

azu

agur

wa

cg

akod

eshw

a

3339

Bus

ines

s se

rvic

es a

gent

s no

t else

whe

re

clas

sifie

d33

39Ab

akor

a in

di m

irim

o yo

gush

akish

a im

ari

itavu

zwe a

hand

i

334

Adm

inis

trat

ive

and

spec

ialis

ed

secr

etar

ies

334

Ubu

nyam

aban

ga b

wih

ariy

e

3341

Offi

ce s

uper

viso

rs33

41Ab

agen

zuzi

bo

mu

biro

3342

Leg

al s

ecre

tari

es33

42Ab

anya

mab

anga

mu

bijya

nye n

’am

ateg

eko

3343

Adm

inis

trat

ive

and

exec

utiv

e se

cret

arie

s33

43Ab

anya

mab

anga

mu

buyo

bozi

n’

anba

nyam

aban

ga n

shin

gwab

ikor

wa

3344

Med

ical

sec

reta

ries

3344

Aban

yam

aban

ga m

u m

irim

o ijy

anye

n’u

buvu

zi

335

Reg

ulat

ory

gove

rnm

ent a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

335

Abak

ozi b

a let

a m

u bi

jyany

e no

gush

yira

am

ateg

eko

mu

biko

rwa

3351

Cus

tom

s an

d bo

rder

insp

ecto

rs33

51Ab

agen

zuzi

ba

za g

asut

amo

n’im

ipak

a

3352

Gov

ernm

ent t

ax a

nd e

xcis

e of

ficia

ls33

52Ab

akoz

i bak

uru

ba

leta

mub

ijyan

ye n

’imiso

ro

3353

Gov

ernm

ent s

ocia

l ben

efits

offi

cial

s33

53Ab

akoz

i bak

uru

ba le

ta m

ubijy

anye

n’im

iber

eho

myi

za


321

3354

Gov

ernm

ent l

icen

sing

offi

cial

s33

54Ab

akoz

i ba

leta

mub

ijyan

ye n

o gu

tang

a ib

yem

ezo

bita

nduk

anye

3355

Polic

e in

spec

tors

and

det

ectiv

es33

55Ab

ayob

ozi m

uri p

olisi

no

guta

ra a

mak

uru

3359

Reg

ulat

ory

gove

rnm

ent a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

not e

lsew

here

cla

ssifi

ed33

59Ab

akoz

i ba

leta

mu

bijya

nye n

o gu

shyi

ra

amat

egek

o m

u bi

korw

a ba

tagi

ze a

hand

i bav

ugw

a

34L

egal

, soc

ial,

cu

ltu

ral a

nd

re

late

d a

ssoc

iate

pro

fess

ion

als

34A

baz

ober

eye

mu

b

y’am

ateg

eko,

imib

ereh

o m

yiza

,um

uco

n’i

bin

di

nk

abyo

341

Leg

al, s

ocia

l and

rel

igio

us a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

341

Abaz

ober

eye m

u bi

fitan

ye is

ano

n’am

ateg

eko,i

mib

ereh

o m

yiza

,iyob

okam

ana

3411

Leg

al a

nd r

elat

ed a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

3411

Abaz

ober

eye m

u bw

unga

nizi

mu

mat

egek

o n’

ibifi

tany

e isa

no n

ayo

3412

Soci

al w

ork

asso

ciat

e pr

ofes

sion

als

3412

Abaz

ober

eye m

u bi

fitan

ye is

ano

n’m

iber

eho

myi

za

3413

Rel

igio

us a

ssoc

iate

pro

fess

iona

ls34

13Ab

azob

erey

e mu

bifit

anye

isan

o n’

iyob

okam

ana

342

Spor

ts a

nd fi

tnes

s w

orke

rs34

2Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

e na

sipor

o n’

imik

ino

3421

Ath

lete

s an

d sp

orts

pla

yers

3421

Abak

ora

sipor

o n’

mik

ino

ngor

oran

ging

o

3421

01Fo

otba

ll pl

ayer

s34

2101

Abak

ina

umuk

ino

w’u

mup

ira w

’am

agur

u

3421

02B

aske

tbal

l pla

yers

3421

02Ab

akin

a um

ukin

o w

’um

upira

w’a

mab

oko

wa

basik

eti

3421

03T

enni

s pl

ayer

s34

2103

Abak

ina

umuk

ino

wa

tenisi

3421

04V

olle

ybal

l pla

yers

3421

04Ab

akin

a um

ukin

o w

’into

ki w

a vo

le

3421

05N

etba

ll pl

ayer

s34

2105

Abak

ina

umuk

ino

wa

netb

all

3421

06H

andb

all p

laye

rs34

2106

Abak

ina

umuk

ino

w’in

toki

wa

hend

i

3421

07R

ugby

pla

yers

3421

07Ab

akin

a um

ukin

o w

a ru

gubi

3421

08Sw

imm

ing

play

ers

3421

08Ab

akin

a um

ukin

o w

o ko

ga

3421

09K

arat

e/ju

do/b

oxe

play

ers

3421

09Ab

akin

a um

ukin

o w

a ka

rate/

guteg

ana/

itera

mak

ofe

3422

Spor

ts c

oach

es, i

nstr

ucto

rs a

nd o

ffici

als

3422

Abat

oza

b’im

ikin

o n’

abay

iyob

ora

3422

01Fo

otba

ll co

ache

s34

2201

Abat

oza

b’um

ukin

o w

’um

upira

w’a

mag

uru

3422

02B

aske

tbal

l coa

ches

3422

02Ab

atoz

a b’

um

ukin

o w

’um

upira

w’a

mab

oko

wa

basik

eti

3422

03T

enni

s co

ache

s34

2203

Abat

oza

b’um

ukin

o w

a ten

isi

322


3422

04V

olle

ybal

l coa

ches

3422

04Ab

atoz

a b’

umuk

ino

w’in

toki

wa

vole

3422

05N

etba

ll co

ache

s34

2205

Abat

oza

b’um

ukin

o w

a ne

tbal

l

3422

06H

andb

all c

oach

es34

2206

Abat

oza

b’um

ukin

o w

’into

ki w

a he

ndi

3422

07R

ugby

coa

ches

3422

07Ab

atoz

a b’

umuk

ino

wa

rugu

bi

3422

08Sw

imm

ing

coac

hes

3422

08Ab

atoz

a b’

umuk

ino

wo

koga

3422

09K

arat

e/ju

do/b

oxe

coac

hes

3422

09Ab

atoz

a b’

umuk

ino

wa

kara

te/gu

tegan

a/ite

ram

akof

e

3423

Fitn

ess

and

recr

eatio

n in

stru

ctor

s an

d pr

ogra

m le

ader

s34

23Ab

ayob

ora

bak

anig

isha

ibijy

anye

imyi

daga

duro

n’

ingo

rorr

angi

ngo

343

Art

istic

, cul

tura

l and

cul

inar

y as

soci

ate

prof

essi

onal

s34

3Ab

azob

erey

e mu

myu

ga,u

muc

o n’

ibyo

gut

eka

3431

Phot

ogra

pher

s34

31Ab

afot

ozi

3432

Inte

rior

des

igne

rs a

nd d

ecor

ator

s34

32Ab

ashu

shan

ya b

akan

akor

a dé

cora

tion

3433

Gal

lery

, mus

eum

and

libr

ary

tech

nici

ans

3433

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

bijya

nye n

’aho

bam

urik

ira

ibish

usha

nyo,i

nzu

ndan

gam

urag

e n’in

zu z

’ibita

bo

3434

Che

fs34

34Ab

ayob

ozi b

’igik

oni

3435

Oth

er a

rtis

tic a

nd c

ultu

ral a

ssoc

iate

pr

ofes

sion

als

3435

Aban

di b

azob

erey

e mu

myu

ga,u

muc

o no

mub

yo

gutek

a

35In

form

atio

n a

nd

co

mm

un

icat

ion

s te

chn

icia

ns

35A

bat

ekin

isiy

e m

u b

y’it

um

anah

o

351

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

te

chno

logy

ope

ratio

ns a

nd u

ser

supp

ort t

echn

icia

ns35

1Ab

atek

inisi

ye b

afas

ha m

u ik

oran

abuh

anga

mu

itum

anah

o

3511

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

te

chno

logy

ope

ratio

ns te

chni

cian

s35

11Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

u m

irim

o y’

ikor

anab

uhan

ga m

u itu

man

aho

3512

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

te

chno

logy

use

r su

ppor

t tec

hnic

ians

3512

Abat

ekin

isiye

baf

asha

mu

ikor

anab

uhan

ga m

u itu

man

aho

3512

01C

ompu

ter

hard

war

e te

chni

cian

s35

1201

Abat

ekin

isiye

mur

i har

dwar

e za

mud

asob

wa

3512

02C

ompu

ter

softw

are

appl

icat

ion

tech

nici

ans

3512

02Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

u ik

ores

hwa

rya

sofw

are z

a m

udas

obw

a

3513

Com

pute

r ne

twor

k an

d sy

stem

s te

chni

cian

s35

13Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

uri r

ésea

u za

mud

asob

wa

3514

Web

tech

nici

ans

3514

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

byer

eker

anye

n’u

rubu

ga rw

a in

terne

t


323

352

Tel

ecom

mun

icat

ions

and

bro

adca

stin

g te

chni

cian

s35

2Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

uby’

itum

anan

ho n

’isak

azam

ajw

i

3521

Bro

adca

stin

g an

d au

dio-

visu

al

tech

nici

ans

3521

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

isaka

zam

ajw

i

3522

Tel

ecom

mun

icat

ions

eng

inee

ring

te

chni

cian

s35

22Ab

atek

inisi

ye m

u itu

man

aho

4C

LE

RIC

AL

SU

PP

OR

T

WO

RK

ER

S4

AB

AK

OR

A A

KA

ZI

K’U

BW

AN

DIT

SI

41G

ener

al a

nd

key

boa

rd c

lerk

s41

Ab

akor

a ak

azi

k’u

bw

and

itsi

mu

ri

rusa

nge

ham

we

n’ab

and

ikis

ha

za

mu

das

onw

a

411

Gen

eral

offi

ce c

lerk

s41

1Ab

akor

a ak

azi k

o kw

andi

kish

a im

ashi

ni m

u m

a bi

ro

4110

Gen

eral

offi

ce c

lerk

s41

10Ab

akor

a ak

azi k

o kw

andi

kish

a im

ashi

ni m

u m

a bi

ro

412

Secr

etar

ies

(gen

eral

)41

2Ak

azi

k’ub

unya

mab

anga

(mur

i rus

ange

)

4120

Secr

etar

ies

(gen

eral

)41

20Ak

azi

k’ub

unya

mab

anga

(mur

i rus

ange

)

413

Key

boar

d op

erat

ors

413

Abak

ora

akaz

i ko

kwan

diki

sha

mud

asob

wa

4131

Typ

ists

and

wor

d pr

oces

sing

ope

rato

rs41

31Ab

andi

kish

a im

ashi

ni b

akan

atun

gany

a in

yand

iko

4132

Dat

a en

try

cler

ks41

32Ab

akor

a sa

isie

42C

ust

omer

ser

vice

s cl

erk

s42

Imir

imo

y’u

bw

and

itsi

mu

bya

ga

suta

mo

421

Tel

lers

, mon

ey c

olle

ctor

s an

d re

late

d cl

erks

421

Abag

enzu

ra n

’aba

kira

am

afra

nga

yinj

iye

4211

Ban

k te

llers

and

rel

ated

cle

rks

4211

Abag

enzu

ra a

maf

rang

a yi

njiw

za m

uri b

anki

n’

aban

di n

kabo

4212

Boo

kmak

ers,

crou

pier

s an

d re

late

d ga

min

g w

orke

rs42

12Ab

ateg

ura

baka

naku

rikira

na ib

y’im

ikin

o na

to

mbo

ra

4213

Paw

nbro

kers

and

mon

ey-le

nder

s42

13Ab

atan

ga in

guza

nyo

y’am

afar

anga

has

hing

iwe

ku n

gwat

e

4214

Deb

t-co

llect

ors

and

rela

ted

wor

kers

4214

Abak

usan

ya im

yend

a, im

fash

anyo

yat

anzw

e n’

ibin

di n

kiby

o

422

Clie

nt in

form

atio

n w

orke

rs42

2Ab

ashi

nwze

kw

akira

aba

kiriy

a

4221

Tra

vel c

onsu

ltant

s an

d cl

erks

4221

Abaz

ober

eye m

uby’

inge

ndo

324


4222

Con

tact

cen

tre

info

rmat

ion

cler

ks42

22Ab

akor

a ah

atan

girw

a am

akur

u ak

enew

e

4223

Tel

epho

ne s

witc

hboa

rd o

pera

tors

4223

Abak

ora

kuri

cent

ral z

a tel

efone

4224

Hot

el r

ecep

tioni

sts

4224

Abak

ira a

baki

riya

mur

i hot

eri

4225

Enq

uiry

cle

rks

4225

Abas

ubiz

a ib

ibaz

o ku

ri tel

epho

ne, e

-mai

l….

4226

Rec

eptio

nist

s (g

ener

al)

4226

Abas

hinz

we k

wak

ira a

bant

u

4227

Surv

ey a

nd m

arke

t res

earc

h in

terv

iew

ers

4227

Abak

aran

i b’ib

arur

a m

u bu

shak

asha

tsi b

were

keye

am

asok

o

4229

Clie

nt in

form

atio

n w

orke

rs n

ot

else

whe

re c

lass

ified

4229

Aban

di b

atav

uzw

e bat

anga

am

akur

u ak

ener

wa

n’ a

batu

rage

43N

um

eric

al a

nd

mat

eria

l re

cord

ing

cler

ks

43A

bak

ora

imir

imo

yo k

wan

dik

a ib

ikor

esh

o b

y’ak

azi

no

ku

bis

hyi

ra

ho

nom

ero

431

Num

eric

al c

lerk

s43

1Ab

ashy

ira a

man

omer

o ku

bik

ores

ho

4311

Acc

ount

ing

and

book

keep

ing

cler

ks43

11Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

’ubu

cung

amar

i n’ib

indi

nk

abyo

4312

Stat

istic

al, fi

nanc

e an

d in

sura

nce

cler

ks43

12Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

’ibar

urish

amib

are,u

buku

ngu

n’ub

wish

ingi

zi

4313

Payr

oll c

lerk

s43

13Ab

abak

ora

imish

ahar

a y’

abak

ozi

432

Mat

eria

l-rec

ordi

ng a

nd tr

ansp

ort

cler

ks43

2Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

o ku

baru

ra ib

ikor

esho

no

kubi

twar

a

4321

Stoc

k cl

erks

4321

Abas

hinz

we u

bubi

ko b

w’ib

ikor

esho

4322

Prod

uctio

n cl

erks

4322

Abas

hinz

we u

mus

arur

o

4323

Tra

nspo

rt c

lerk

s43

23Ab

ashi

nzw

e gut

war

a ib

intu

44O

ther

cle

rica

l su

pp

ort

wor

kers

44A

ban

di

bak

ozi

baf

ash

a m

u y

ind

i m

irim

o ii

kor

erw

a ab

akoz

i

441

Oth

er c

leri

cal s

uppo

rt w

orke

rs44

1Ab

andi

bak

ozi b

afas

ha m

u yi

ndi m

irim

o ik

orer

wa

abak

ozi

4411

Lib

rary

cle

rks

4411

Abak

ora

mu

bijya

nye n

’ibita

bo

4412

Mai

l car

rier

s an

d so

rtin

g cl

erks

4412

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

guto

rany

a am

abar

uwa

no

kuya

tang

a

4413

Cod

ing,

pro

of-r

eadi

ng a

nd r

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13Ab

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4414

Scri

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and

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kers

4414

Aban

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325

4415

Filin

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4415

Abak

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ashi

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4416

Pers

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4416

Abak

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mu

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4419

Cle

rica

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else

whe

re

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d44

19Ab

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51Pe

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rs51

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serv

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511

Tra

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nduc

tors

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ides

511

Abak

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5111

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5112

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s51

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5113

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13Ab

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512

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2Ab

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5120

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20Ab

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513

Wai

ters

and

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513

Abat

anga

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atan

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mur

i za

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5131

Wai

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5131

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5132

Bar

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5132

Abat

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rs

514

Hai

rdre

sser

s, be

autic

ians

and

rel

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w

orke

rs51

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atun

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5141

Hai

rdre

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s51

41Ab

atun

gany

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5142

Bea

utic

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and

rel

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kers

5142

Abak

ora

imiri

mo

y’isu

ku n

’ibin

di b

ijya

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515

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ldin

g an

d ho

usek

eepi

ng s

uper

viso

rs51

5Ab

ayob

ora

imiri

mo

yo g

ucun

ga n

o gu

fata

nez

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azu

5151

Cle

anin

g an

d ho

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ng

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in o

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tels

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r es

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5151

Abay

obor

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irim

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gus

ukur

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azu

mu

ma

biro

,am

ahot

eri n

’and

i maz

u

5152

Dom

estic

hou

seke

eper

s51

52Ab

akoz

i bo

mu

rugo

5153

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ldin

g ca

reta

kers

5153

Abac

unga

am

agor

ofa

516

Oth

er p

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nal s

ervi

ces

wor

kers

516

Aban

di b

akor

a m

u m

irim

o yo

gut

anga

serv

isi

n’ub

ucur

uzi

326


5161

Ast

rolo

gers

, for

tune

-tel

lers

and

rel

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w

orke

rs51

61Ab

arag

uzi n

’aba

ndi b

ajya

kum

era

nkab

o

5162

Com

pani

ons

and

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ts51

62Ab

aher

ekez

a b’

abak

ores

ha

5163

Und

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kers

and

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balm

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5163

Abak

ora

mu

bijya

nye n

o gu

shyi

ngur

a

5164

Pet g

room

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and

anim

al c

are

wor

kers

5164

Abita

ku

nyam

asw

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bana

n’a

bant

u

5165

Dri

ving

inst

ruct

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5165

Abig

isha

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ara

imod

oka

5169

Pers

onal

ser

vice

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orke

rs n

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else

whe

re c

lass

ified

5169

Aban

di b

akor

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irim

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anga

serv

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52Sa

les

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kers

52A

bak

ora

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ub

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521

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5211

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5211

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urur

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mas

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5212

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5212

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522

Shop

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5221

Shop

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5221

Abac

urur

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5222

Shop

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sors

5222

Abay

obor

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aduk

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5223

Shop

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ssis

tant

s52

23Ab

afas

ha a

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mur

imo

w’u

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523

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hier

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s52

3Ab

akira

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5230

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s52

30Ab

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524

Oth

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ales

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524

Indi

miri

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curu

zi

5241

Fash

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and

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r m

odel

s52

41Ab

akor

a m

u bi

jyany

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ider

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za m

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5242

Sale

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tors

5242

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amaz

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icuru

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5243

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lesp

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ns52

43Ab

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eran

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5244

Con

tact

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5244

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ora

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5245

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ts52

45Ab

agur

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esse

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teror

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indi

kur

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statio

ns

5246

Food

ser

vice

cou

nter

att

enda

nts

5246

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anga

ibiri

bwa

mur

i za

resito

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’aha

ndi

5249

Sale

s w

orke

rs n

ot e

lsew

here

cla

ssifi

ed52

49Ab

akor

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ijyan

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curu

zi b

atag

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ho

bavu

gwa


327

53Pe

rson

al c

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wor

kers

53A

bak

ora

imir

imo

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ibin

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531

Chi

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wor

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teac

hers

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5311

Chi

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kers

5311

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ora

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5312

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ides

5312

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asha

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532

Pers

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532

Abak

ora

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uri

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5321

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assi

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ts53

21Ab

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5322

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rs53

22Ab

ashi

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5329

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car

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rs in

hea

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serv

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else

whe

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lass

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5329

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

kwita

ban

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uri m

uri z

a se

rvisi

z’u

bvuz

i

54P

rote

ctiv

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rvic

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rs54

Ab

akor

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uri

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bu

rin

zi

541

Prot

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rs54

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5411

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5411

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5412

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5413

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aza

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5414

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5414

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ora

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zi

5419

Prot

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rs n

ot

else

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lass

ified

5419

Abak

ora

mur

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isi z

’ubu

rinzi

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avuz

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328


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2Ab

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6122

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6123

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Mix

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6130

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62M

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Ab

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mu

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Fore

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621

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6210

Fore

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622

Fish

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6221

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6223

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6224

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631

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6310

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6330

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30Ab

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Subs

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6340

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7119

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irim

o bi

jyana

itav

uzw

e aha

ndi

712

Bui

ldin

g fin

ishe

rs a

nd r

elat

ed tr

ades

w

orke

rs71

2Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ya

nyum

a yo

kur

angi

za

ubw

ubat

si bw

’am

agor

ofa

7121

Roo

fers

7121

Abak

ora

ibise

nge

7122

Flo

or la

yers

and

tile

set

ters

7122

Abas

asa

beto

n n’

ama

carr

eaux

heju

ru

y’am

agor

ofa

7123

Plas

tere

rs71

23Ab

omek

a za

pla

stiqu

es n

’ibin

di b

ikor

esho

ku

nkut

a n’

ahan

di

7124

Insu

latio

n w

orke

rs71

24Ab

akor

a m

ubijy

anye

na

isola

tion

ther

miq

ue

7125

Gla

zier

s71

25Ab

akat

a ba

kana

shyi

ra ib

irahu

re m

u m

azu

7126

Plum

bers

and

pip

e fit

ters

7126

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

gush

yira

am

azi m

u m

azu

7127

Air

con

ditio

ning

and

ref

rige

ratio

n m

echa

nics

7127

Abat

ekin

isiye

mu

guko

resh

a ib

yum

a bi

shyu

sha

cg

biko

nges

ha m

u m

azu

na

za fr

igo

713

Pain

ters

, bui

ldin

g st

ruct

ure

clea

ners

an

d re

late

d tr

ades

wor

kers

713

Abas

iga

amar

ange

cg ib

indi

bin

tu k

u nk

uta

z’am

azu

7131

Pain

ters

and

rel

ated

wor

kers

7131

Abas

iga

amar

ange

n’ib

indi

nka

byo

7132

Spra

y pa

inte

rs a

nd v

arni

sher

s71

32Ab

ater

a ira

nge n

a ve

rni b

akor

eshe

je ip

ombo

7133

Bui

ldin

g st

ruct

ure

clea

ners

7133

Abas

ukur

a ib

ice b

y’in

yum

a by

’inzu

72M

etal

, mac

hin

ery

and

rel

ated

tr

ades

wor

kers

72A

bak

ora

mu

byu

ma

n’ab

akor

esh

a am

ash

ini

721

Shee

t and

str

uctu

ral m

etal

wor

kers

, m

ould

ers

and

wel

ders

, and

rel

ated

w

orke

rs72

1Ab

akor

a ah

o ba

kore

ra a

mab

ati,g

usya

ib

yum

a,gu

sudi

ra n

’ndi

miri

mo

bijya

gus

a

7211

Met

al m

ould

ers

and

core

mak

ers

7211

Abak

ora

amaf

ulu

anyu

ram

o um

usho

ngi w

’ibyu

ma

7212

Wel

ders

and

flam

ecut

ters

7212

Abak

ata

ibyu

ma

bako

resh

eje g

az cg

am

asha

nyar

azi

7213

Shee

t-m

etal

wor

kers

7213

Abak

ora

amab

ati

7214

Stru

ctur

al-m

etal

pre

pare

rs a

nd

erec

tors

7214

Abak

ora

ibise

nge b

y’ib

yum

a

7215

Rig

gers

and

cab

le s

plic

ers

7215

Abar

ega,

abat

eran

ya, b

akan

asan

a in

singa

z’

amas

hany

araz

i


331

722

Bla

cksm

iths,

tool

mak

ers

and

rela

ted

trad

es w

orke

rs72

2Ab

acuz

i n’a

band

i bak

ora

ibisa

nab

yo

7221

Bla

cksm

iths,

ham

mer

smith

s an

d fo

rgin

g pr

ess

wor

kers

7221

Abac

uzi,a

bako

resh

a in

yund

o

7222

Too

lmak

ers

and

rela

ted

wor

kers

7222

Abac

ura

ibik

ores

ho b

iken

erw

a

7223

Met

al w

orki

ng m

achi

ne to

ol s

ette

rs

and

oper

ator

s72

23Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zih

indu

ra ib

yum

a m

o ib

indi

bi

kore

sho

7224

Met

al p

olis

hers

, whe

el g

rind

ers

and

tool

sha

rpen

ers

7224

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

gusig

a ira

nge

ibyu

ma,

abat

yaza

ibyu

ma

723

Mac

hine

ry m

echa

nics

and

rep

aire

rs72

3Ab

akan

ika

baka

nasa

na a

mam

ashi

ni

7231

Mot

or v

ehic

le m

echa

nics

and

rep

aire

rs72

31Ab

akan

ika

baka

nasa

na ib

inya

bizi

ga b

ikor

esha

m

oter

i

7231

01M

otor

veh

icle

mec

hani

cs72

3101

Abak

anik

a ib

inya

bizi

ga

7231

02M

otor

veh

icle

mec

hani

cs a

ssis

tant

s72

3102

Abaf

asha

aba

kani

ka ib

inya

bizi

ga

7232

Air

craf

t eng

ine

mec

hani

cs a

nd

repa

irer

s72

32Ab

akan

ika

inde

ge

7233

Agr

icul

tura

l and

indu

stri

al m

achi

nery

m

echa

nics

and

rep

aire

rs72

33Ab

akan

ika

imas

hini

zih

inga

n’iz

ikor

a m

u ng

anda

7234

Bic

ycle

and

rel

ated

rep

aire

rs72

34Ab

akan

ika

amag

are

73H

and

icra

ft a

nd

pri

nti

ng

wor

kers

73A

bak

ora

imir

imo

y’u

bu

kor

ikor

i n’

ijya

nye

n’i

cap

iro

731

Han

dicr

aft w

orke

rs73

1Ab

akor

a ub

ukor

ikor

i

7311

Prec

isio

n-in

stru

men

t mak

ers

and

repa

irer

s73

11Ab

akor

a ib

ikor

esho

by’

umuz

iki b

ikor

esha

im

irya(

y’in

anga

)

7312

Mus

ical

inst

rum

ent m

aker

s an

d tu

ners

7312

Abak

ora

ibin

di b

ikor

esho

by’

umuz

iki

7313

Jew

elle

ry a

nd p

reci

ous-

met

al w

orke

rs73

13Ab

akor

a m

ubijy

anye

n’im

itako

yam

barw

a cg

am

abuy

e y’a

gacir

o

7314

Pott

ers

and

rela

ted

wor

kers

7314

Abab

umby

i n’a

bako

ra in

di m

irim

o nk

ayo

7315

Gla

ss m

aker

s, cu

tter

s, gr

inde

rs a

nd

finis

hers

7315

Abak

ora

ibira

huri,

abab

ikat

a n’

abab

ishyi

ra m

u m

azu

7316

Sign

wri

ters

, dec

orat

ive

pain

ters

, en

grav

ers

and

etch

ers

7316

Aban

dika

ibya

pa,a

bash

usha

nya

imita

ko,a

band

ika

ku b

intu

bik

omey

e bab

ishar

urah

o(gr

aveu

r)

332


7317

Han

dicr

aft w

orke

rs in

woo

d, b

aske

try

and

rela

ted

mat

eria

ls73

17Ab

akor

a im

irim

o y’

ubuk

orik

ori

ikoz

we m

u bi

ti,cg

ib

iboh

ano

7318

Han

dicr

aft w

orke

rs in

text

ile, l

eath

er

and

rela

ted

mat

eria

ls73

18Ab

akor

a im

irim

o y’

ubuk

orik

ori i

jyany

e no

guko

ra

imye

nda,

impu

n’ib

indi

bik

ores

ho n

kaby

o

7319

Han

dicr

aft w

orke

rs n

ot e

lsew

here

cl

assi

fied

7319

Abak

ora

imiri

mo

y’ub

ukor

ikor

i ita

ragi

ze a

hand

i iv

ugw

a

732

Prin

ting

trad

es w

orke

rs73

2Ab

akor

a m

u m

acap

iro

7321

Pre-

pres

s te

chni

cian

s73

21Ab

atun

gany

a in

yand

iko

mbe

re y

’uko

zijy

a m

uri

impr

emer

ies

7322

Prin

ters

73

22Ab

acap

a im

papu

ro

7323

Prin

t fini

shin

g an

d bi

ndin

g w

orke

rs73

23Ab

ater

anya

impa

puro

mu

icapi

ro

74E

lect

rica

l an

d e

lect

ron

ic t

rad

es

wor

kers

74A

bac

uru

za i

bij

yan

ye

n’am

shan

yara

zi n

a el

egit

ron

ike

741

Ele

ctri

cal e

quip

men

t ins

talle

rs a

nd

repa

irer

s74

1Ab

akor

a ba

kana

sana

ibik

ores

ho

biko

resh

a’am

asha

nyar

azi

7411

Bui

ldin

g an

d re

late

d el

ectr

icia

ns74

11Ab

ashy

ira a

mas

hany

araz

i mu

ma

maz

u

7412

Ele

ctri

cal m

echa

nics

and

fitt

ers

7412

Abak

ora

amas

hany

araz

i y’a

ma

mas

hini

7413

Ele

ctri

cal l

ine

inst

alle

rs a

nd r

epai

rers

74

13Ab

akor

a ba

kana

sana

ibiti

by

’am

asha

nyar

azi(a

map

iloni

)

742

Ele

ctro

nics

and

tele

com

mun

icat

ions

in

stal

lers

and

rep

aire

rs74

2Ab

agur

isha

za se

rvisi

mu

bijya

nye n

o gu

kora

no

gusa

na ib

ijyan

ye n

a ele

ctron

ike n

’itum

anah

o

7421

Ele

ctro

nics

mec

hani

cs a

nd s

ervi

cers

7421

Abat

anga

za

serv

isi m

ubijy

anye

na

electr

inik

e

7422

Info

rmat

ion

and

com

mun

icat

ions

te

chno

logy

inst

alle

rs a

nd s

ervi

cers

7422

Abat

anga

za

serv

ice m

ubijy

anye

n’

ikor

anab

uhan

ga

75

Food

pro

cess

ing,

woo

d w

ork

ing,

ga

rmen

t an

d o

ther

cra

ft a

nd

re

late

d t

rad

es w

orke

rs75

Ab

akor

a ah

atu

nga

nyi

rizw

a ib

irib

wa,

imir

imo

ijya

nye

n’

ibik

omok

a k

u b

iti

cg i

mye

nd

a b

yage

new

e gu

curu

zwa

751

Food

pro

cess

ing

and

rela

ted

trad

es

wor

kers

751

Abak

ora

ahat

unga

nyiri

zwa

ibiri

bwa

n’ib

indi

nk

abyo

7511

But

cher

s, fis

hmon

gers

and

rel

ated

food

pr

epar

ers

7511

Abab

azi,a

bacu

ruzi

b’a

mafi

n’a

bateg

ura

ibiri

bwa

bind

i


333

7512

Bak

ers,

past

ry-c

ooks

and

con

fect

ione

ry

mak

ers

7512

Abak

ora

imig

ati,n

’bin

di b

iribw

a bi

ryoh

era

7513

Dai

ry-p

rodu

cts

mak

ers

7513

Abak

ora

mub

ijyan

ye n

’am

ata

7514

Frui

t, ve

geta

ble

and

rela

ted

pres

erve

rs75

14Ab

akor

a m

ubijy

anye

n’im

buto

n’im

boga

7515

Food

and

bev

erag

e ta

ster

s an

d gr

ader

s75

15Ab

umvi

riza

ubur

yohe

bw

’ibiri

bwa

n’ib

inyo

bwa

7516

Tob

acco

pre

pare

rs a

nd to

bacc

o pr

oduc

ts m

aker

s75

16Ab

akor

a ba

kana

tung

anya

itab

i

752

Woo

d tr

eate

rs, c

abin

et-m

aker

s an

d re

late

d tr

ades

wor

kers

752

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

gutu

ngan

ya ib

iva

mu

biti

7521

Woo

d tr

eate

rs75

21Ab

atun

gany

a ib

iti n

’abi

ta k

u m

amas

hine

ab

itung

anya

7522

Cab

inet

-mak

ers

and

rela

ted

wor

kers

7522

Aba

deco

ra b

akan

asan

a ib

ikor

esho

byo

mu

biti

7523

Woo

dwor

king

-mac

hine

tool

set

ters

an

d op

erat

ors

7523

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

ibaz

a im

baho

753

Gar

men

t and

rel

ated

trad

es w

orke

rs75

3Ab

akor

a m

u bu

curu

zi b

w’im

yend

a

7531

Tai

lors

, dre

ssm

aker

s, fu

rrie

rs a

nd

hatt

ers

7531

Abak

ata

ibita

mba

ro,a

batu

ngan

ya n

’aba

kora

za

mod

el m

u m

yend

a

7532

Gar

men

t and

rel

ated

pat

tern

-mak

ers

and

cutt

ers

7532

Abat

unga

nya

imya

mba

ro b

akan

ahim

ba z

a m

odeli

7533

Sew

ing,

em

broi

dery

and

rel

ated

w

orke

rs75

33Ab

akor

a U

mur

imo

wo

gufu

ma

no g

utak

a im

yend

a n’

indi

miri

mo

bisa

7534

Uph

olst

erer

s an

d re

late

d w

orke

rs75

34Ab

akor

a am

atap

i n’ib

indi

nka

byo

7535

Pelt

dres

sers

, tan

ners

and

fellm

onge

rs75

35Ab

akor

a um

urim

o uj

yany

e no

guko

ra ib

intu

mu

mpu

7536

Shoe

mak

ers

and

rela

ted

wor

kers

7536

Abak

ora

inkw

eto n

’ibijy

anye

nab

yo

754

Oth

er c

raft

and

rela

ted

wor

kers

754

Abak

ora

ubun

di b

ukor

ikor

i

7541

Und

erw

ater

div

ers

7541

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

kwib

ira m

u m

azi

7542

Shot

firer

s an

d bl

aste

rs75

42Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

o gu

turit

sa in

tam

bi

7543

Prod

uct g

rade

rs a

nd te

ster

s (e

xclu

ding

fo

ods

and

beve

rage

s)75

43Ab

agen

zura

ubu

zira

neng

e bag

ashy

ira m

u by

iciro

ha

tarim

o ib

iribw

a n’

ibin

yobw

a

7544

Fum

igat

ors

and

othe

r pe

st a

nd w

eed

cont

rolle

rs75

44Ab

ater

a im

iti ir

wan

ya u

duko

ko n

’ibya

tsi b

ibi

7549

Cra

ft an

d re

late

d w

orke

rs n

ot

else

whe

re c

lass

ified

7549

Aban

yabu

korik

ori b

atag

ize a

hand

i bav

ugw

a

334


8P

LA

NT

AN

D M

AC

HIN

E

OP

ER

AT

OR

S, A

ND

A

SSE

MB

LE

RS

8A

BA

KO

RE

SHA

IM

ASH

INI

ZO

MU

N

GA

ND

A N

’AB

AZ

ITE

RA

NYA

81St

atio

nar

y p

lan

t an

d m

ach

ine

oper

ator

s81

Ab

akor

esh

a im

ash

ini

zik

ora

ziti

mu

rwa

811

Min

ing

and

min

eral

pro

cess

ing

plan

t op

erat

ors

811

Abak

ores

ha ib

ikor

esho

/iby

uma

mu

mu

gucu

kura

am

abuy

e y’a

gacir

o

8111

Min

ers

and

quar

rier

s81

11Ab

acuk

uzi b

’am

abuy

e y’a

gacir

o n’

asan

zwe

8112

Min

eral

and

sto

ne p

roce

ssin

g pl

ant

oper

ator

s81

12Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

o gu

tung

anya

am

abuy

e as

anzw

e n’a

yaga

ciro

8113

Wel

l dri

llers

and

bor

ers

and

rela

ted

wor

kers

8113

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

gucu

kura

am

arib

a n’

ibijy

anye

nab

yo

8114

Cem

ent,

ston

e an

d ot

her

min

eral

pr

oduc

ts m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

8114

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

ikor

a sim

a n’

andi

mab

uye

y’ag

aciro

812

Met

al p

roce

ssin

g an

d fin

ishi

ng p

lant

op

erat

ors

812

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

guhi

ndur

a no

gut

unga

nya

ibyu

ma

8121

Met

al p

roce

ssin

g pl

ant o

pera

tors

8121

Abak

ora

umur

imo

gutu

ngan

ya ib

yum

a

8122

Met

al fi

nish

ing,

pla

ting

and

coat

ing

mac

hine

ope

rato

rs81

22Ab

akor

a fin

issag

e(ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zik

ora

finiss

age z

’ibyu

ma)

813

Che

mic

al a

nd p

hoto

grap

hic

prod

ucts

pl

ant a

nd m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

813

Abak

ora

mu

ngad

a zi

kora

za

prod

uits

chim

ique

s n’

izi k

ores

hwa

mu

guko

ra a

mfo

to

8131

Che

mic

al p

rodu

cts

plan

t and

mac

hine

op

erat

ors

8131

Abak

ora

mu

ngad

a zi

kora

za

prod

uits

chim

ique

s

8132

Phot

ogra

phic

pro

duct

s m

achi

ne

oper

ator

s81

32Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zik

ora

prod

uit z

ikor

eshw

a am

afot

o

814

Rub

ber,

plas

tic a

nd p

aper

pro

duct

s m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

814

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

itung

anya

ca

outch

ouc,p

lasti

ke n

’impa

puro

8141

Rub

ber

prod

ucts

mac

hine

ope

rato

rs81

41Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zitu

ngan

ya ca

outch

ouc

8142

Plas

tic p

rodu

cts

mac

hine

ope

rato

rs81

42Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zitu

ngan

ya p

alsti

ke

8143

Pape

r pr

oduc

ts m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

8143

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

itung

anya

impa

puro

815

Tex

tile,

fur

and

leat

her

prod

ucts

m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

815

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

itung

anya

imye

nda

cg

impu

bat

avuz

we a

hand

i


335

8151

Fibr

e pr

epar

ing,

spi

nnin

g an

d w

indi

ng

mac

hine

ope

rato

rs81

51Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zitu

ngan

ya in

dodo

zo

guko

resh

a im

yend

a

8152

Wea

ving

and

kni

ttin

g m

achi

ne

oper

ator

s81

52Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zib

oha

zika

nado

da im

ipira

8153

Sew

ing

mac

hine

ope

rato

rs81

53Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zid

oda

8154

Ble

achi

ng, d

yein

g an

d fa

bric

cle

anin

g m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

8154

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

ihin

dura

am

abar

a,iz

ihan

agur

a n’

izisu

kura

imye

nda

8155

Fur

and

leat

her

prep

arin

g m

achi

ne

oper

ator

s81

55Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zitu

ngan

ya im

pu z

isanz

we

n’iz

ifite

ubw

oya

8156

Shoe

mak

ing

and

rela

ted

mac

hine

op

erat

ors

8156

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

ikor

a in

kweto

n’ib

indi

bi

jyany

e naz

o

8157

Lau

ndry

mac

hine

ope

rato

rs81

57Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zim

esa

imye

nda

8159

Tex

tile,

fur

and

leat

her

prod

ucts

m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

not

else

whe

re

clas

sifie

d81

59Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zik

ora

imye

nda

zika

natu

ngan

ya im

pu b

atav

uzw

e aha

ndi

816

Food

and

rel

ated

pro

duct

s m

achi

ne

oper

ator

s81

6Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zik

ora

ibiry

o cg

ibin

di b

ijya

gusa

8160

Food

and

rel

ated

pro

duct

s m

achi

ne

oper

ator

s81

60Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zik

ora

ibiry

o cg

ibin

di b

ijya

gusa

817

Woo

d pr

oces

sing

and

pap

erm

akin

g pl

ant o

pera

tors

817

Abak

ora

mu

ngan

da z

itung

anya

ibiti

zik

anak

ora

impa

puro

8171

Pulp

and

pap

erm

akin

g pl

ant o

pera

tors

8171

Abak

ora

mu

ngan

da z

ikor

a im

papu

ro

8172

Woo

d pr

oces

sing

pla

nt o

pera

tors

8172

Abak

ora

mu

ngan

da z

itung

anya

impa

puro

818

Oth

er s

tatio

nary

pla

nt a

nd m

achi

ne

oper

ator

s81

8Ab

andi

bak

ora

mu

ngan

da z

ikor

a ib

ikor

esho

byo

m

u bi

ro

8181

Gla

ss a

nd c

eram

ics

plan

t ope

rato

rs81

81Ab

akor

a m

u ng

anda

zik

ora

ibira

huri

n’am

adon

go

8182

Stea

m e

ngin

e an

d bo

iler

oper

ator

s81

82Ab

akor

esha

imas

hini

zik

ores

ha u

mw

uka

cg a

maz

i as

hyus

hye

8183

Pack

ing,

bot

tling

and

labe

lling

m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

8183

Abak

ores

ha im

ashi

ni z

ishyi

ra ib

intu

mu

mak

arito

,mu

mac

upa

zika

nash

yira

ho ib

yapa

8189

Stat

iona

ry p

lant

and

mac

hine

op

erat

ors

not e

lsew

here

cla

ssifi

ed81

89Ab

akao

resh

a im

ashi

ni z

ikor

a ib

ikor

esho

byo

mu

biro

bat

avuz

we a

hand

i

336


82A

ssem

ble

rs82

Ab

ater

anya

ib

yum

a b

y’im

ash

ini

821

Ass

embl

ers

821

Abat

eran

ya ib

yum

a by

’imas

hini

8211

Mec

hani

cal m

achi

nery

ass

embl

ers

8211

Abat

eran

ya ib

yum

a by

’imas

hini

8212

Ele

ctri

cal a

nd e

lect

roni

c eq

uipm

ent

asse

mbl

ers

8212

Abat

eran

ya ib

ikor

esho

by’

amas

hany

araz

i na

electr

onik

e

8219

Ass

embl

ers

not e

lsew

here

cla

ssifi

ed82

19Ab

ater

anya

ibyu

ma

bata

vuzw

e aha

ndi

83D

rive

rs a

nd

mob

ile

pla

nt

oper

ator

s83

Ab

akor

esh

a ib

ikor

esh

o b

yim

uk

anw

a

831

Loc

omot

ive

engi

ne d

rive

rs a

nd r

elat

ed

wor

kers

831

Abat

war

a za

gar

i ya

mos

hi

8311

Loc

omot

ive

engi

ne d

rive

rs83

11Ab

atw

ara

za g

ari y

a m

oshi

8312

Rai

lway

bra

ke, s

igna

l and

sw

itch

oper

ator

s83

12Ab

akor

esha

am

atar

a ay

obor

a za

gar

i ya

mos

hi

832

Car

, van

and

mot

orcy

cle

driv

ers

832

Abak

ores

ha im

odok

a zi

kode

shw

a na

za

mot

o

8321

Mot

orcy

cle

driv

ers

8321

Abat

war

a za

mot

o zi

kode

shw

a

8322

Car

, tax

i and

van

dri

vers

8322

Abat

war

a im

odok

a na

za

taxi

bik

odes

hwa

833

Hea

vy tr

uck

and

bus

driv

ers

833

Abat

war

a am

akam

yo m

anin

i na

za b

isi

8331

Bus

and

tram

dri

vers

8331

Abat

war

a za

bisi

8332

Hea

vy tr

uck

and

lorr

y dr

iver

s83

32Ab

atw

ara

amak

amyo

man

ini

834

Mob

ile p

lant

ope

rato

rs83

4Ab

akor

a m

u ng

anda

zim

ukan

wa

8341

Mob

ile fa

rm a

nd fo

rest

ry p

lant

op

erat

ors

8341

Ibik

ores

ho m

u by

’ubu

hinz

i n’a

mas

hyam

ba

byim

ukan

wa

8342

Ear

thm

ovin

g an

d re

late

d pl

ant

oper

ator

s83

42Ib

ikor

esho

mu

guha

rura

ubu

taka

8343

Cra

ne, h

oist

and

rel

ated

pla

nt

oper

ator

s83

43Ab

akor

esha

ibyu

ma

bire

bire

bih

erez

a ib

ikor

esho

ah

o bu

baka

am

goro

fa m

arem

are

8344

Lift

ing

truc

k op

erat

ors

8344

Abat

war

a im

ashi

ni z

ipak

ira cg

zish

yira

imiz

igo

ahab

ugen

ewe

835

Ship

s’ d

eck

crew

s an

d re

late

d w

orke

rs83

5Ab

akor

a m

u m

ato

n’ab

andi

nka

bo

8350

Ship

s’ d

eck

crew

s an

d re

late

d w

orke

rs83

50Ab

akor

a m

u m

ato

n’ab

andi

nka

bo


337

9E

LE

ME

NT

AR

Y O

CC

UP

AT

ION

S9

IMIR

IMO

IC

IRIR

ITSE

91C

lean

ers

and

help

ers

91Ab

akor

a im

irim

o y’

isuku

911

Dom

estic

, hot

el a

nd o

ffice

cle

aner

s an

d he

lper

s91

1Ab

akor

a m

u ng

o,n’a

bako

ra is

uku

mu

mah

oter

in’a

mab

iro

9111

Dom

estic

cle

aner

s an

d he

lper

s91

11Ab

akor

a m

u ng

o

9112

Cle

aner

s an

d he

lper

s in

offi

ces,

hote

ls an

d ot

her

esta

blis

hmen

ts91

12Ab

akor

a isu

ku m

u m

a bi

ro, a

mah

oter

i n’a

hand

i ha

ntu

912

Veh

icle

, win

dow,

laun

dry

and

othe

r ha

nd c

lean

ing

wor

kers

912

Abak

ora

umur

imo

wo

gusu

kura

im

odok

a,am

adiri

shya

,imye

nda

n’in

di m

irim

o yi

suku

itav

uzw

e

9121

Han

d la

unde

rers

and

pre

sser

s91

21Ab

ames

hesh

a in

toki

9122

Veh

icle

cle

aner

s91

22Ab

oza

imod

oka

9123

Win

dow

cle

aner

s91

23Ab

oza

ibira

huri

9129

Oth

er c

lean

ing

wor

kers

9129

Aban

di b

akor

a um

urim

o w

’isuk

u ba

tavu

zwe

92A

gric

ult

ura

l, f

ores

try

and

fish

ery

lab

oure

rs92

Ba

nya

kab

yizi

mu

b

y’u

bu

hin

zi,a

mas

hya

mb

a n’

ub

uro

byi

921

Agr

icul

tura

l, fo

rest

ry a

nd fi

sher

y la

bour

ers

921

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

u by

’ubu

hinz

i,am

ashy

amba

n’

ubur

obyi

9211

Cro

p fa

rm la

bour

ers

9211

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

u bu

hinz

i

9212

Liv

esto

ck fa

rm la

bour

ers

9212

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

ubijy

anye

n’u

bwor

ozi

9213

Mix

ed c

rop

and

lives

tock

farm

la

bour

ers

9213

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

ubijy

anye

n’u

buhi

nzi

n’ub

wor

ozi

9214

Gar

den

and

hort

icul

tura

l lab

oure

rs92

14B

a ny

akab

yizi

mub

ijyan

ye n

o gu

tung

anya

ub

usita

ni n

’inda

byo

9215

Fore

stry

labo

urer

s92

15B

a ny

akab

yizi

mu

bijya

nye n

amas

hyam

ba

9216

Fish

ery

and

aqua

cultu

re la

bour

ers

9216

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

u bi

jyany

e n’u

buro

byi n

’ubw

oroz

i bw

’am

afi

93

Lab

oure

rs in

min

ing,

co

nst

ruct

ion

, man

ufa

ctu

rin

g an

d

tran

spor

t93

Ba

nya

kab

yizi

mu

b

ucu

ku

zi b

w’a

mab

uye

y’

aga

ciro

,ub

wu

bat

si,m

u n

gan

da

no

gutw

ara

aban

tu n

’ib

intu

931

Min

ing

and

cons

truc

tion

labo

urer

s93

1B

a ny

akab

yizi

mu

bucu

kuzi

n’u

bwub

atsi

338


9311

Min

ing

and

quar

ryin

g la

bour

ers

9311

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

u gu

cuku

ra a

mab

uye y

’aga

ciro

n’ub

wik

orez

i

9312

Civ

il en

gine

erin

g la

bour

ers

9312

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

uri c

ivi e

ngen

eerin

g

9313

Bui

ldin

g co

nstr

uctio

n la

bour

ers

9313

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

u kw

ubak

a am

azu

932

Man

ufac

turi

ng la

bour

ers

932

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

u ng

anda

9321

Han

d pa

cker

s93

21B

a ny

akab

yizi

aho

bas

hyiri

ra ib

intu

mu

map

aki

9322

Man

ufac

turi

ng la

bour

ers

not

else

whe

re c

lass

ified

9322

Abak

ora

mu

ngan

da b

atav

uzw

e aha

ndi

933

Tra

nspo

rt a

nd s

tora

ge la

bour

ers

933

Ba

nyak

abyi

zi m

ubijy

anye

no

gutw

ara

ibin

tu n

o ku

bihu

nika

9331

Han

d an

d pe

dal v

ehic

le d

rive

rs93

31Ab

anyo

nzi

9332

Dri

vers

of

anim

al-d

raw

n ve

hicl

es a

nd

mac

hine

ry93

32Ab

atw

ara

inya

mas

wa

ziku

rura

ibin

yabi

ziga

9333

Frei

ght h

andl

ers

9333

Abap

akira

imiz

igo

9334

Shel

f fil

lers

9334

Abat

unga

nya

etage

res,

baka

nazi

suku

ra

94Fo

od p

rep

arat

ion

ass

ista

nts

94A

baf

ash

a m

u m

uri

mo

wo

gute

gura

ib

irib

wa

941

Food

pre

para

tion

assi

stan

ts94

1Ab

afas

ha m

u m

urim

o w

o gu

tegur

a ib

iribw

a

9411

Fast

food

pre

pare

rs94

11Ab

ateg

ura

ibiry

o by

o m

uri r

esito

ra

9412

Kitc

hen

help

ers

9412

Abaf

asha

mu

mur

imo

wo

gutek

a

95St

reet

an

d r

elat

ed s

ales

an

d

serv

ice

wor

kers

95A

baz

erez

a ib

icu

ruzw

a

951

Stre

et a

nd r

elat

ed s

ervi

ce w

orke

rs95

1Ab

azer

eza

ibicu

ruzw

a n’

izin

di se

visi

nkaz

o

9510

Stre

et a

nd r

elat

ed s

ervi

ce w

orke

rs95

10Ab

azer

eza

ibicu

ruzw

a n’

izin

di se

visi

nkaz

o

952

Stre

et v

endo

rs (e

xclu

ding

food

)95

2Ab

acur

uriz

a m

u m

ihan

da(h

atar

imo

ibiri

bwa)

9520

Stre

et v

endo

rs (e

xclu

ding

food

)95

20Ab

acur

uriz

a m

u m

ihan

da(h

atar

imo

ibiri

bwa)

96R

efu

se w

orke

rs a

nd

oth

er

elem

enta

ry w

orke

rs96

Ab

akor

a im

irim

o ij

yan

ye n

o k

uva

ngu

ra i

mya

nd

a

961

Ref

use

wor

kers

961

Abak

ora

imiri

mo

ijyan

ye n

o ku

vang

ura

imya

nda

9611

Gar

bage

and

rec

yclin

g co

llect

ors

9611

Abas

haki

sha

imya

nda

ijugu

nyw

a n’

ihin

durw

amo

ibin

di b

intu


339

9612

Ref

use

sort

ers

9612

Abat

oran

ya im

yand

a iju

guny

wa

9613

Swee

pers

and

rel

ated

labo

urer

s96

13Ab

akor

a um

urim

o w

o gu

kubu

ra

962

Oth

er e

lem

enta

ry w

orke

rs96

2In

di m

irim

o ici

ririts

e

9621

Mes

seng

ers,

pack

age

deliv

erer

s an

d lu

ggag

e po

rter

s96

21Ab

akor

a ak

azi k

o gu

tang

a ub

utum

wa,

amap

aki

cg im

izig

o

9622

Odd

job

pers

ons

9622

Abak

ora

akaz

i kad

asob

anut

se

9623

Met

er r

eade

rs a

nd v

endi

ng-m

achi

ne

colle

ctor

s96

23Ab

akor

esha

ibyu

ma

biba

ra a

maf

rang

a

9624

Wat

er a

nd fi

rew

ood

colle

ctor

s96

24Ab

akor

a ak

azi k

o ku

vom

a am

azi n

o gt

ashy

a in

kwi

9629

Ele

men

tary

wor

kers

not

else

whe

re

clas

sifie

d96

29In

di m

irim

o ici

ririts

e ita

gize

aha

ndi i

vugw

a

0A

RM

ED

FO

RC

ES

OC

CU

PA

TIO

NS

0IM

IRIM

O Y

A G

ISIR

IKA

RE

01C

omm

issi

oned

arm

ed fo

rces

offi

cers

01A

bofi

siye

bak

uru

b’i

nga

bo

011

Com

mis

sion

ed a

rmed

forc

es o

ffice

rs01

1Ab

ofisiy

e bak

uru

b’in

gabo

0110

Com

mis

sion

ed a

rmed

forc

es o

ffice

rs01

10Ab

ofisiy

e bak

uru

b’in

gabo

02N

on-c

omm

issi

oned

arm

ed fo

rces

of

ficer

s02

Ab

ofisi

ye b

acir

irit

se

021

Non

-com

mis

sion

ed a

rmed

forc

es

offic

ers

021

Abofi

siye b

aciri

ritse

0210

Non

-com

mis

sion

ed a

rmed

forc

es

offic

ers

0210

Abofi

siye b

aciri

ritse

03A

rmed

forc

es o

ccup

atio

ns, o

ther

ran

ks03

Ab

asir

ikar

e b

o h

asi

031

Arm

ed fo

rces

occ

upat

ions

, oth

er r

anks

031

Abas

irika

re b

o ha

si

0310

Arm

ed fo

rces

occ

upat

ions

, oth

er r

anks

0310

Abas

irika

re b

o ha

si

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:

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C I S C O (ISCO-08) | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda

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