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Plaintiffs-Appellees, O.

CG0J &H H)('#0&*8 Defendant-Appellant.

ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA (NO.3:06-CV-01586)

BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS DEDICATED TO INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS

IN SUPPORT OF THE APPELLEES AND AFFIRMANCE

)''#* P &K#RJ ''P 5665 )Oenue of the )mericas *eT JorU8 *J 5VV6V W656X Y5VZY7VV

C'#)RJ 3&00'G#/ 10##* P H).G'0&* ''P &ne 'i?erty Plaza *eT JorU8 *J 5VVVY W656X 66MZ6VVV Attorneys for Amici Curiae

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .......................................................................... iii CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT .............................................. 1 STATEMENT OF INTEREST BY AMICI CURIAE..................................... 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ...................................................................... 2 ARGUMENT .................................................................................................. 6 POINT I INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW ARE PERSUASIVE AUTHORITIES IN DETERMINING WHETHER THE HAZLETON IIRA VIOLATES INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS .................... 6 POINT II INTERNATIONAL DUE PROCESS NORMS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE DISTRICT COURT’S HOLDING............................................. 10 POINT III THE HAZLETON IIRA’S PROVISIONS CONTRAVENE THE INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED RIGHTS TO BASIC SUBSISTENCE, TO SHELTER, AND TO NON-DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING........................................................... 14

A. The Hazleton IIRA Contravenes The Right To Basic Subsistence ................................................................................. 15

B. The Hazleton IIRA Contravenes The Right To Work And

The Right To Non-Discrimination In Employment For Latino Citizens And Legal Residents......................................... 16

ii

Page C. The Hazleton IIRA Contravenes The Rights To Housing

And To Non-Discrimination In Housing ................................... 23 CONCLUSION............................................................................................... 28

iii

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Page(s) Rules and Statutes

Fed. R. App. P. 26.1........................................................................................ 1

Fed. R. App. 29(a)........................................................................................... 2

Cases

Acosta v. Gaffney, 558 F.2d 1153 (3d Cir. 1977).......................................................................... 9-10

Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002)........................................................................................ 7

Bradshaw v. Rawlings, 612 F.2d 135 (3d Cir. 1979)............................................................................ 8

China Minmetals Materials Imp. & Exp. Co. v. Chi Mei Corp., 334 F.3d 274 (3d Cir. 2003)............................................................................ 7-8

Fatin v. Immigration & Naturalization Service, 12 F.3d 1233 (3d Cir. 1993)............................................................................ 9

Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003)........................................................................................ 7

Lindquist v. Dilkes, 127 F.2d 21 (3d Cir. 1941).............................................................................. 8-9

Lozano v. City of Hazleton, 496 F. Supp. 2d 477 (M.D. Pa. 2007) ........................................................... 10, 13

McKeon v. Cent. Stamping Co., 264 F. 385 (3d Cir. 1920)................................................................................ 6-7

The Paquete Habana, 175 U.S. 677 (1900)........................................................................................ 6

iv

Page(s) Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982)........................................................................................ 5

Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005)........................................................................................ 7

The Republic of the Philippines v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 43 F.3d 65 (3d Cir. 1994)................................................................................ 8

United States v. Currens, 290 F.2d 751 (3d Cir. 1961)............................................................................ 6-7

United States v. Noonan, 906 F.2d 952 (3d Cir. 1990)............................................................................ 8

United States v. Rosero, 42 F.3d 166 (3d Cir. 1994).............................................................................. 8

United States v. Wright-Baker, 784 F.2d 161 (3d Cir. 1986)............................................................................ 8

International and Foreign Cases

A v. Minister for Immigration & Ethnic Affairs, (1997) 190 C.L.R. 225 (Austl.)....................................................................... 9 AO v. Minister for Justice, Equality & Law Reform, 1 I.R. 1 [2003] (Ir.).......................................................................................... 9

Government of the Republic of South Africa v. Grootboom & Others, 2000 (11) BCLR 1169 (CC) 93 ............................................................................... 25

Juridical Condition and Rights of the Undocumented Immigrants, Advisory Opinion OC-18/03, Sept. 17, 2003, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. A) No. 18 1-2 (2003) ............................................................................ 21, 22

V v. Einwohnergemeinde X. und Regierungsrat des Kantons Bern, BGE/ATF 121 I 356 (Switz. 1995)................................................................. 15

v

Page(s)

Foreign Constitution and Statutes

Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany ........................................... 12-13

Constitution of Argentina ............................................................................... 19, 24

Constitution of Belgium.................................................................................. 18, 24

Constitution of Brazil...................................................................................... 19-20

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ..................................................... 12

Constitution of Denmark................................................................................. 18

Constitution of Ecuador .................................................................................. 24

Constitution of Finland ................................................................................... 18

Constitution of Greece .................................................................................... 18

Constitution of India ....................................................................................... 13

Constitution of Italy ........................................................................................ 18

Constitution of Japan ...................................................................................... 13

Constitution of Luxembourg........................................................................... 18

Constitution of Mali ........................................................................................ 24

Constitution of Mexico ................................................................................... 24

Constitution of the Netherlands ...................................................................... 18

Constitution of the Panama............................................................................. 24

Constitution of 1976 of Portugal.................................................................. 18, 24-25

Constitution of Russia, Russian Federation.................................................... 25

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa ................................................. 13, 25

vi

Page(s)

Constitution of 1978 of Spain ......................................................................... 18

Constitution of Sweden................................................................................... 18

International Treaties And Conventions and Other Documents

Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (“Protocol of San Salvador”), O.A.S.T.S. No. 69 (entered into force Nov. 16, 1999)................ 17

American Convention on Human Rights, 1144 U.N.T.S. 123 (entered into force July 18, 1978) (signed by the U.S. June 1, 1977)................................................................................... 11-12, 12, 21

The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, OAS Res-XXX (signed by the U.S. May 2, 1948)......................................... 11, 21

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, O.J. (C 364) 1 (entered into force Dec. 7, 2000) ............................................ 17

Charter of the Organization of American States, 119 U.N.T.S. 3 (entered into force Dec. 13, 1951)......................................... 21

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, U.N. Doc. A/34/46 (entered into force Sep. 3, 1981) ...................... 23-24

Convention on the Rights of the Child, U.N. Doc. A/44/49 (entered into force Sept. 2. 1990).................................... 24

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, U.N.T.S. 222 (entered into force Sept. 3, 1953) ..... 12-13

International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (“ICCPR”), 999 U.N.T.S. 171 (entered into force Mar. 23, 1976) (ratified by the U.S. Sept. 8, 1992) .................................................................................. 11, 15, 23

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (“ICESCR”), 993 U.N.T.S. 3 (entered into force Jan. 3, 1976) (signed by the U.S. Oct. 5, 1977) ............................................................................. 15, 17, 23

vii

Page(s)

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (“CERD”), 660 U.N.T.S. (entered into force Jan. 4, 1969)... 18-19

International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, U.N. Doc. A/45/49 (entered into force July 1, 2003) ................................................................... 20-21, 23

U.N. Comm. on Human Rights, No. E/CN.4/2001/28 (2000)............................................................................ 27

U.N. Comm. on Human Settlements, Position Paper, available at http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getElectronicVersion.asp?nr=1272&alt=1 ......... 23

U.N. Comm. On the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Recommendation No. 30: Discrimination Against Non-Citizens, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/64/Misc.11/rev.3 (Oct. 1, 2004)..................................... 19

U.N. Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, General Comment, 4 U.N. Doc E/1992/23 (1991) ......................................... 26

U.N. Econ. & Soc. Council, Sub-Comm. on the Promotion and Prot. of Human Rights, Prevention of Discrimination: The Rights of Non-Citizens, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/23 (May 26, 2003)................. 21

U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Fact Sheet No. 21, The Human Right to Adequate Housing, available at http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs21.htm............................................... 27

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. A/810 (Dec. 12, 1948) ................................................................... passim

Miscellaneous

Louis F. Del Duca, Symposium: Globalization of Civil Procedure – The ALI & UNIDROIT Principles and Rules of Transnational Civil Procedure Symposium: Introduction, 25 Pen St. Int’l L. Rev. 495 (2006).... 9

Harold Hongju Koh, International Law as Part of Our Law, 98 Am. J. Int’l L. 43 (2004) ............................................................................ 6

viii

Page(s)

Alan C. Neal, Fundamental Social Rights at Work in the European Community (Dartmouth Publ’g. Co. 1999) .................................................... 18

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!

!!!H! !

!

ARGUMENT

I. INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW ARE PERSUASIVE AUTHORITIES IN DETERMINING WHETHER THE HAZLETON IIRA VIOLATES INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS!!! E+4?%*#'!S:?%1$1N!%'*(:,%'/!+4+;4?1!&A!$0%1!9&:?$N!0#34!(&'/!

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II. INTERNATIONAL DUE PROCESS NORMS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE DISTRICT COURT’S HOLDING

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!! ! !

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!

ANTI-VIRUS CERTIFICATION FORM Second Circuit Local Rule 32(a)(1)(E)

CASE NAME:

DOCKET NUMBER:

I, _________________________________, certify that I have scanned for viruses

the PDF version of the ________________________________________ that was submitted in

this case as an email attachment to briefs@ca2.uscourts.gov and that no viruses were detected.

The anti-virus detector used is Symantec AntiVirus version .

The virus definition file version is .

Date:

Pedro Lozano v. City of Hazleton

07-3531

Willem Lee

Amicus Brief

10.1.5.5000

4/17/08 rev. 1

April 17, 2008

Willem Lee

/s/ Willem Lee