Breastfeeding: Global practices, challenges, maternal and infant health outcomes

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PEDIATRICS - LABORATORY AND CLINICAL RESEARCH

BREASTFEEDING

GLOBAL PRACTICES, CHALLENGES,

MATERNAL AND INFANT

HEALTH OUTCOMES

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PEDIATRICS - LABORATORY AND CLINICAL RESEARCH

BREASTFEEDING

GLOBAL PRACTICES, CHALLENGES,

MATERNAL AND INFANT

HEALTH OUTCOMES

TANYA M. CASSIDY

EDITOR

New York


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Contents

Preface vii

Chapter 1 Oxytocin: Pharmacologic Properties, Physiological

Effects and Role in Pregnancy 1 Enav Yefet and Zohar Nachum

Chapter 2 The Immunology of Human Milk 21 Fani Ladomenou and Emmanouil Galanakis

Chapter 3 Breastfeeding the Critically Ill Newborn:

Barriers and Supportive Practices 37 Angela Grant Buechner, Tammy McBride

and Prakesh S. Shah

Chapter 4 Giving Milk, Buying Milk: The Influence of Mothering

Ideologies and Social Class in Donor Milk Banking 61 Marisa Gerstein Pineau

Chapter 5 Perceptions and Negotiations of ‘Failure’ in an Australian

Breast Milk Bank 77 Gabriella Zizzo

Chapter 6 HIV/AIDS and Human Milk Banking: Controversy,

Complexity and Culture Around a Global Social Problem 93 Tanya M. Cassidy

Chapter 7 Breastfeeding in High HIV Prevalent, Resource-Limited Settings 107 Felicity Zvanyadza Gumbo, Gwendoline Quetoline Kandawasvika

and Edith Nyaradzai Kurewa

Chapter 8 Babies, Booze and Breastmilk: Complexities, Controversies

and Cultural Considerations Concerning Alcohol and Lactation 121 Tanya M. Cassidy

Chapter 9 Global Issues of Chinese Mothers in Ireland Who Breastfeed 137 Qianling Zhou


Contents vi

Chapter 10 Promoting Breastfeeding Practices

among Thai-Employed Mothers 159 Susanha Yimyam

Chapter 11 Breastfeeding Experiences among Employed Mothers 181 Susanha Yimyam

Chapter 12 Milking the Subject: Lactation and the Birth of Prose Fiction 201 Siobhan O’Donnell and Conrad Brunström

Index 217


Preface

As a transnational medical sociologist with a strong interdisciplinary background

including working closely with a variety of health care professionals, I am very glad to have

been asked to edit this important global interdisciplinary collection of chapters concerning

breastfeeding practices, challenges, and health outcomes for both mothers and children

around the world. Sociologists and Anthropologists have long recognized that although the

biological components regarding lactation are universal, the underlying cultural practices or

customs are extremely variant (O’Connor and Van Esterik, 2012). With accelerating flows of

peoples around the world, these cultural practices regarding breastfeeding come into contact

with other practices and customs, often resulting in changes the original behaviours of both

the incoming and the indigenous cultures. These changes may not however always have the

optimal maternal and infant health outcomes. Moreover, these cultural practices may also be

influenced by familial factors, again not always resulting in the best health outcomes for those

involved. All of these factors are of paramount importance to health policy and governments

around the world. These policy makers have been influenced by the growing evidence

regarding the long-term health benefits associated with breastfeeding for both mothers and

infants (Cochrane Editorial Unit, 2011). However, sociologists have recently recognized that

these health benefits are not cost neutral, at least for the mothers concerned (Rippeyoung and

Noonan, 2012). In addition, the health risks associated with communicable diseases such HIV

have also resulted in inconsistent government policy decisions around the world. Nonetheless,

breastmilk and the maternal infant relationship associated with breastfeeding, is still

considered the ideal start to life.

This volume has gathered together twelve chapters from researchers from around the

world, from specialists at different levels of their career, drawn from the health sciences, the

social sciences, as well as the humanities. Beginning with the biology of the maternal body,

the immunological factors associated with breastmilk itself is discussed. Following this, is the

issue of premature birth and breastfeeding. Connected to this follow two papers, one from the

USA and one from Australia on donor human milk banking, a century old solution directly

linked to the prematurely born infant globally. The next paper considers this medicalized

form of breastmilk sharing in relation to the global pandemic of HIV/AIDS, an urgent priority

consideration in many parts of Africa. The discussion then is to a challenge faced by some

women with regard to continuing breastfeeding for extended periods of time, specifically

treating how this practice can be incorporated into one’s lifestyle including leisure activities

such as the consumption of alcohol. This discussion was based in Ireland where the


Tanya M. Cassidy viii

succeeding paper analyses the experiences of Chinese immigrants regarding breastfeeding in

a nation with very different cultural traditions. The following two papers are from the far east

and discuss one of the major challenges faced by mothers around the world, specifically how

to incorporate breastfeeding into their working life. These two chapters offer both theoretical

frames for this issue and specific data regarding maternal experiences in Thailand. Finally to

a paper which looks back to the eighteenth century and argues that in Europe at that time the

issue of breastfeeding was a cross-cultural consideration that was not only linked to optimal

infant feeding, but also to the expression of self for both mother and child, showing us the

complexity of breastfeeding goes beyond the maternal-infant dyad and instead could be seen

as a reflection of individuals and societies as a whole.

References

Cochrane Editorial Unit. (2011). ‘Breastfeeding’. The Cochrane Library. Wiley.

http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/details/collection/1018443/Breastfeeding.html

O’Connor, Richard and Van Esterik, Penny. (2012). ‘Breastfeeding as custom not culture.’

Anthropology Today.28(5):13-16.

Rippeyoung, Phyllis L. F. and Noonan, Mary. (2012). ‘Is Breastfeeding Truly Cost Free?

Income Consequences of Breastfeeding for Women.’ American Sociological Review77

(2): 244-67.


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