Notes

Introduction

1. I am grateful to Richard Boyd for his teaching and supervision, as a result of which I was introduced to the eminent importance, both within and outside philosophy, of arguments for naturalistic realism in Anglo- American analytic philosophy. See Boyd 1982, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1999, 2010.

2. This is how the term is spelled in Goodman 1973.

Chapter 1

1. This took place at a talk at the University of Havana on the occasion of receiving an honorary degree December 8, 2001, Havana, Cuba.

2. Take, for example, Senel Paz saying, “I have always thought that it is the duty of the intellectuals . . . to examine closely all of our errors and negative tendencies, to study them with courage and without shame” (my translation) in Heras 1999: 148.

3. I have discussed this view at some length in Babbitt 1996. 4. Julia Sweig’s statement is significant given that she was director of Latin Ameri-

can studies at the Council of Foreign Relations, a major foreign policy forum for the US government. See Sweig 2007, cited in Veltmeyer & Rushton 2013: 301.

5. “US Governor in First Trip to Castro’s Cuba” (1999, October 24), New York Times, p. 14, http:// search .proquest .com .proxy .queensu .ca /docview /110125370 /pageviewPDF ?accountid = 6180 [accessed March 10, 2013].

6. The fact- value distinction emerged in European Enlightenment philosophy, originating, arguably, with Hume (1711– 1776) who argued that normative arguments (about value) cannot be derived logically from arguments about what exists.

7. The view that the mind, understood as consciousness, is physical, although distinctly so, is defended by philosophers of mind (Searle 1998; see also Prado 2006).

Chapter 2

1. An earlier, shorter, and somewhat different version of this chapter was published in Journal on African Philosophy (Issue 5, 2012). I am grateful to Azuka Nzegwu

186 ● Notes

and the Africa Resource Project (africaresource .com) for granting permission to use that article again here.

2. Daily Telegraph (1985, May 24), p. 22 cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 11. 3. Bowdler to SecState March 19, 1977, FOIA, cited in Gleijeses 2013: 11. 4. This was said by a close aide to Foreign Minister Pik Botha, cited in Gleijeses

2013a: 509. 5. This is true with a few exceptions, such as Raúl Castro’s speech and an interview

on Democracy Now! with Piero Gleijeses. See Gleijeses 2013b. 6. Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas (MINFAR, Cuba), “Misiones internacio-

nalistas militares cumplidas por Cuba, 1963– 1991,” Secret Bureau of the Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, table 2, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 521.

7. MINFAR, “Misiones internacionalistas militares cumplidas por Cuba, 1963– 1991,” Secret Bureau of the Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, table 1, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 521.

8. Castro, Fidel (1988, April 23), “Indicaciones concretas del comandante en jefe que guirarán la actuación de la delegación cubana en las conversaciones en Luanda y las negociaciones en Londres,” Archive of the Cuban Armed Forces, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 524.

9. National Intelligence Estimate, CIA (1960, June 14), “The Situation in Cuba,” Washington, DC: National Security Archive, p. 9; Special National Intelligence Estimate (1979, June 21), “The Cuban Foreign Policy,” National Library of Congress 6– 14– 1– 2– 7, Jimmy Carter Library, p. 6, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 525.

10. CIA (1979, April 9), “Angola Cuba: Some Strains but No New,” Central Intel-ligence Agency Records Search Tool, College Park, Maryland: National Archive, cited in Gleijeses 2013: 12.

11. Mandela (1991, July 28), Washington Post, p. 32, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 526. 12. The agreement with Venezuela is an exception resulting in an equitable, if not

equal, international exchange. See Kirk & Erisman 2009. 13. For a summary of the arguments regarding objectivity in ethics, see, for example,

Boyd 1988 and Campbell 2011. 14. Department of State, United States (March 1965), “Soviet Intentions toward

Cuba,” National Security File Country File box 33/37, p. 2, cited in Gleijeses 2003: 375.

15. “National Policy Paper— Cuba: United States Policy” (1968, July 15), draft, p. 15, Freedom of Information Act, cited in Gleijeses 2002: 377.

16. CIA, Office of Current Intelligence (1964, April 1), “Survey of Latin America,” National Security File Country File box 1, pp. 83– 84, cited in Gleijeses 2003: 375.

17. Hughes to the secretary of state (1965, April 19), “Che Guevara’s African Ven-ture,” National Security File Country File box 20, pp. 1– 2, cited in Gleijeses 2002: 375– 76.

Notes ● 187

18. Hughes to the secretary of state (1965, August 10), “The Cuban Revolution: Phase 2,” National Security File Country File box 18/19, p. 16, cited in Gleijeses 2002: 376.

19. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State (1967, September 15), “Cuba’s Foreign Policy,” p. 4, cited in Gleijeses 2013: 375.

20. National Coalition of Americans Committed to Rescuing Africa from the Grip of Soviet Tyranny (1985, December 7), Washington Times, p. A5, cited in Gleije-ses 2013a: 13.

21. In 1824, the Cuban poet José María de Heredia wrote a poem about Niagara Falls.

22. CIA, Office of Current Intelligence (1964, April 1), “Survey of Latin Amer-ica,” National Security File Country File box 1, pp. 83– 84, cited in Gleijeses 2003: 375.

23. This is attributed to Henry John Temple Viscount Lord Palmerston 1784– 1865, foreign secretary and two- time prime minister under Queen Victoria. http:// en .wikiquote .org /wiki /Henry _Temple, _3rd _Viscount _Palmerston [accessed Decem-ber 30, 2013].

Chapter 3

1. Allen Wood suggests that Marx was wrong about this. I discuss his objection presently.

2. For example, in a recent much- discussed book about time, Claudia Hammond argues that mental quiet is not worthy of pursuit. To “slow down time,” one should engage in “total activity.” See Hammond 2012.

3. This quote was part of a petition launched in defense of Cuba in 2003.

Chapter 4

1. An earlier version of this chapter was published in Journal on African Philoso-phy (Issue 6, 2012). I thank Azuka Nzegwu and the Africa Resource Project for granting permission to use some parts of that article here.

2. I first discussed this example in Babbitt 1996. 3. See, for example, the argument about the birth of Dolly the sheep in Kitcher

2001: 63– 82. 4. This was stated in conversation and in speaking to my class. 5. For example, Frederick Engels writes, “But however often, and however relent-

lessly, this cycle is completed in time and space, however millions of suns and earths shall arise and pass away, however long it may last until the conditions for organic life develop, however innumerable the organic beings that have to arise and pass away . . . and therefore also that with the same iron necessity that it will exterminate on the earth its highest creation, the thinking mind, it must somewhere else and at another time again produce it” (Engels 1940: 24– 25).

6. For a range of views on Marx and morality, see Nielsen & Patten 1981.

188 ● Notes

Chapter 5

1. This chapter began as an argument in chapter 2 of Humanism and Embodi-ment: From Cause and Effect to Secularism (Bloomsbury, 2014). The argument in this chapter is different, but I am grateful to Bloomsbury for the reuse of some points, specifically, the preceding two principal examples.

2. José Lezama Lima stated that Martí’s “War Diaries” are “the greatest poem[s] ever written by a Cuban” (Editor’s note in Martí 2002: 350).

3. I am grateful to Rigoberto Pupo Pupo, at the University of Havana, Cuba, for insisting on the significance of “Emerson” in indicating Martí’s cosmovisión (worldview).

4. The distinction is associated with David Hume who argued that it is impossible to derive statements about what ought to be from statements about what is. The debate about whether normative claims can be known, or are even meaningful, as opposed to factual claims, which have truth value, continued throughout the twentieth century. See, for example, Boyd 1988; Campbell 2011.

5. René Descartes expressed such a view in Descartes 1641, but it continues to have consequences to this day. See, for example, Maté 2008 for its consequences in Western medicine.

6. Richard N. Boyd (1992), unpublished paper presented to the philosophy depart-ment at the University of Toronto.

7. For a summary of such argument, see Boyd 1988 and Campbell 2011. 8. I first discussed this example in a different context in Babbitt 2001. 9. This is true although few philosophers of science make the connection to Marx.

Richard Boyd is one who does in Boyd 1988, 1999. 10. This was said in a speech broadcast on Cuban radio on December 2, 2001. 11. This point was made repeatedly by Dr. Rigoberto Pupo Pupo in his classes on

Martí at the University of Havana. See also Ikeda & Vitier 2001: 174.

References

Abbey, Susan E. (2012, February). Mindfulness and psychiatry. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 57(2), 61– 62.

Achebe, Chinua. (1988). Anthills of the Savannah. London, UK: Picador.Adalberto, Roque. (2011, December 7). All grown up: Elián González, survivor

of raft journey from Cuba, turns 18. Reuters NBC News On- line. Retrieved from http:// worldnews .nbcnews .com / _news /2011 /12 /07 /9266563-all-grown-up-elian-gonzalez-survivor-of-raft-journey-from-cuba-turns-18?>lite [Accessed April 23, 2013].

Agramonte, Roberto (Ed.). (2000). La polémica filosófica cubana 1838– 1839 (Vol. 1). Havana, Cuba: Biblioteca de clásicos cubanos.

Alarcón de Quesada, Ricardo. (2002). Cuba y la lucha por la democracia. Havana, Cuba: Editorial de ciencias sociales.

Ali, Tariq. (2006). Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis of hope. New York, NY: Verso Press.Appiah, Kwame Anthony. (1992). In my father’s house: Africa in the philosophy of culture.

New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Appiah, Kwame Anthony. (2005). The ethics of identity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Uni-

versity Press.Arashiro, Zuleika. (2011). Negotiating the free trade area of the Americas. New York, NY:

Palgrave Macmillan.Armstrong, D. M. (1973). Belief, truth and knowledge. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge

University Press.Ayers, Bill. (2013). Public enemy: Confessions of an American dissident. Boston, MA: Bea-

con Press.Babbitt, Susan E. (1996). Impossible dreams: Rationality, integrity and moral imagination.

Boulder, CO: Westview.Babbitt, Susan E. (2001). Artless Integrity: Moral imagination, agency and stories. Lanham,

MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Babbitt, Susan E. (2005, fall). Reasons, explanation and Saramago’s bell. Hypatia: A

Journal of Feminist Philosophy 20(4). [Special Issue: Analytic Feminism, Superson]. Anita & Samantha Brennan (Eds.), 144– 63.

Babbitt, Susan E. (2014). Humanism and embodiment: From cause and effect to secular-ism. London, UK: Bloomsbury.

190 ● References

Badiou, Alain.(2003). Saint Paul: The foundations of universalism. Stanford, CA: Stan-ford University Press.

Barnes, Rebecca. (2011). “Suffering in a silent vacuum”: Woman- to- woman partner abuse as a challenge to the lesbian feminist vision. Feminism and Psychology 21(2), 233– 39.

Barnet, Miguel. (1994). Biography of a runaway slave. (W. Nick Hill, Trans.). Williman-tic, CT: Curbstone Press.

Becker, Ernest. (1973). The denial of death. New York, NY: Free Press.Beeman, Chris (Dir.). (2004). Daki Menan [Motion picture]. Tonde Myles (Ed.). Kings-

ton, ON.Beeman, Chris. (2006). Another way of knowing and being: Opening attentive receptivity

and meander- knowing through reading Spinoza and Heidegger in the company of elders. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation with accompanying DVD). Queen’s University, Kingston, ON.

Beeman, Chris. (2012). Autochthonous education. Encounters on Education 13(27). Retrieved from http:// search .proquest .com /docview /1367580261 ?accountid = 6180 [Accessed January 20, 2014].

Berlin, Isaiah. (1969). Four essays on liberty. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Birdsall, Nancy, & Wright, Robert. (2000, November– December). What money can’t

buy. Foreign Policy (121), 8– 10.Bobbio, Norberto. (1995). The ages of rights. London, UK: Blackwell.Bobes, Marilyn. (1995). Alguien tiene que llorar (pp. 7– 24). Havana, Cuba: Casa de las

Americas. Rpt. In Marta Yañez & Dick Cluster (Eds.), Cubana: Contemporary fiction by Cuban women (Cindy Schuster, Trans., pp. 21– 40). Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

Bolender, Keith. (2010). Voices from the other side: An oral history of terrorism against Cuba. London, UK: Pluto Books.

Bolívar, Simón. (2003a). The Cartagena Manifesto: Memorial addressed to the citizens of New Granada by a citizen from Caracas. In David Bushnell (Ed.), Simón Bolívar, el libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar (Frederick H. Fornoff, Trans., pp. 3– 11). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Originally published 1812)

Bolívar, Simón. (2003b). The Jamaica letter: Response from a South American to a gentleman from this island. In David Bushnell (Ed.), Simón Bolívar, el libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar. (Frederick H. Fornoff, Trans., pp. 12– 30). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Originally published 1815)

Bolívar, Simón. (2003c). The Angustura address. In David Bushnell (Ed.), Simón Bolívar, el libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar (Frederick H. Fornoff, Trans., pp. 31– 53). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Originally published 1819)

Bolívar, Simón. (2003d). The Bolivian constitution. In David Bushnell (Ed.), Simón Bolívar, el libertador: Writings of Simón Bolívar (Frederick H. Fornoff, Trans., pp. 54– 85). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Originally published 1826)

Bollaín, Icíar. (Director). (2010). Tambien la lluvia (Even the rain) [Motion picture]. Spain: Morena.

References ● 191

Borge, Tomás, & Castro, Fidel. (1993). Face to face with Fidel: A conversation with Tomás Borge (Mary Todd, Trans.). New York, NY: Ocean Press.

Boyd, Richard N. (1982). Scientific realism and naturalistic epistemology. Proceedings of the biennial meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, Vol. 1980 (2), Symposia and Invited Papers, 613– 62. East Lansing, MI: The Philosophy of Science Association.

Boyd, Richard N. (1983). On the current status of the issue of scientific realism. Erken-ntnis (19), 45– 90.

Boyd, Richard N. (1985). Observations, explanatory power, and simplicity. In P. Achin-stein & O. Hannaway (Eds.), Observation, experiment, and hypothesis in modern physical science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Boyd, Richard N. (1988). How to be a moral realist. In Geoffrey Sayre- McCord (Ed.), Essays on moral realism (pp. 181– 228). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Boyd, Richard N. (1999). Homeostasis, species and higher taxa. In Robert A. Wilson (Ed.), Species: Interdisciplinary essays (pp. 141– 86). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Boyd, Richard N. (2010). Realism, natural kinds and philosophical methods. In Helen Beebee & Nigel Sabbarton (Eds.), The semantics and metaphysics of natural kinds (pp. 212– 34). New York, NY: Routledge.

Brandt, Richard. (1979). A theory of the right and the good. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.

Brecht, Bertolt. (2003). A necessary observation on the struggle against barbarism. In Tom Kuhn & Steve Giles (Eds.), Brecht on art and politics (Laura Bradley, Trans., pp. 157– 62). London, UK: Methuen. (Originally published 1935)

Brooks, David. (2000). Bobos in paradise. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Brouwer, Steven. (2009). Cuba’s revolutionary doctors. Monthly Review 60(8), 28– 42.Brouwer, Steven. (2011). Revolutionary doctors: How Venezuela and Cuba are changing the

world’s conception of health care. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.Brown, Rosemary. (1989). Being Brown: A very public life. New York, NY: Random

House.Bruce, Iain. (2008). The real Venezuela: Making socialism in the 21st century. London,

UK: Pluto Press.Cabral, Luís. (1977, January 22). Nõ Pinchta (Bissau) [cited in Gleijeses 2013a].Cain, Susan. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking. New

York, NY: Random House.Campbell, Richmond. (2011). Moral epistemology. In Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), The

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2011 ed.). Retrieved from http:// plato .stanford .edu /archives /win2011 /entries /moral-epistemology [Accessed May 18, 2013].

Campbell, Sue. (1994). Being dismissed: The politics of emotional expression. Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 9(3), 46– 66.

Campbell, Sue. (1997a). Women, “false” memory and personal identity. Hypatia: A Jour-nal of Feminist Philosophy 12(2), 51– 82.

Campbell, Sue. (1997b). Interpreting the personal: Expression and the formation of feelings. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

192 ● References

Campbell, Sue. (2001). Memory, suggestibility and moral skepticism. In Nancy Tuana & Sandra Morgen (Eds.), Engendering rationality. New York, NY: SUNY Press.

Campbell, Sue. (2003). Relational remembering: Rethinking the memory wars. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.

Campbell, Sue, Meynell, Letitia, & Sherwin, Sue (Eds.). (2009). Embodiment and agency. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Card, Claudia. (1995). Lesbian choices. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Carson, Shelley H., & Langer, Ellen J. (2006). Mindfulness and self- acceptance. Journal

of Rational- Emotive and Cognitive- Behavior Therapy 24(1), 29– 43.Carter, Ian. (1999). A measure of freedom. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Carter, Ian. (2008). How are power and unfreedom related? In C. Laborde & J. Maynor

(Eds.), Republicanism and political theory. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Carter, Ian. (2012). Positive and negative liberty. In Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford

Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 ed.). Retrieved from http:// plato .stanford .edu /archives /spr2012 /entries /liberty-positive-negative [Accessed December 13, 2013].

Carvalho, Luis Fernando. (Director). (2001). Lavoura Araica (original title) [Motion picture]. Brazil: Kino.

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (1985). Fidel y la religión: Conversaciones con Frei Betto. Havana, Cuba: Oficina de Publicaciones del Consejo del Estado.

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (1987). Fidel and Religion: Castro Talks on Revolution and Religion with Frie Betto. (Cuban Centre for translation and interpretation, Trans.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (1992). The case of Cuba is the case of every underdeveloped country (Address to the General Assembly, September 26, 1960). Rpt. In Fidel Castro & Che Guevara, To speak the truth. New York, NY: Pathfinder.

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (1997a). History will absolve me. (Pedro Álvarez Tabío & Andrew Paul Booth, Trans.). Havana, Cuba: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales. Retrieved from http:// www .marxists .org /history /cuba /archive /castro /1953 /10 /16 .htm [Accessed October 20, 2013]. (Originally spoken 1953)

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (1997b). Informe Central of the fifth congress of Cuban communist party, October 8, 1997. Rpt. In La Granma (October 29, 1997), 5.

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (1999). A revolution can only be born from culture and ideas. (Master lecture at the Central University of Venezuela, February 3). Havana, Cuba: Editora Política.

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (2001a). Address to intellectuals. In Julio García Luis (Ed.), Cuban revolution reader: A documentary history (pp. 76– 82). New York, NY: Ocean Press. (Originally spoken 1961)

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (2001b). The second declaration of Havana. In Julio García Luis (Ed.), Cuban revolution reader: A documentary history (pp. 88– 96). New York, NY: Ocean Press. (Originally spoken 1962)

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (2002). War, Racism and Economic Injustice: The global ravages of capitalism. Alexandra Keeble (Ed.). New York, NY: Ocean Press.

References ● 193

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (2006). Che: A memoire by Fidel Castro. David Deutschmann (Ed.). New York, NY: Ocean Press.

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (2007). History will absolve me. In David Deutschmann & Deborah Schnookal (Eds.), Fidel Castro reader (pp. 45– 105). New York, NY: Ocean Press. (Originally spoken 1953)

Castro Ruz, Fidel. (2013, March 11). Perdimos nuestro mejor amigo. Cubadebate. Retrieved from http:// www .cubadebate .cu /categoria /reflexiones-fidel [Accessed March 11, 2013].

Cayley, David. (2005). Introduction. In Ivan Illich (Ed.), Rivers north of the future: The testament of Ivan Illich as told to David Cayley (pp. 11– 44). Toronto, ON: House of Anansi Press.

Chávez Frías, Hugo. (2004). Chávez, Venezuela and the new Latin America: A documen-tary by Aleida Guevara and Oceanfilm [Motion picture] (Hugo Chávez interviewed by Aleida Guevara, February 2004). New York, NY: Ocean Film.

Chomsky, Noam. (2009, August 9). Militarizing Latin America [Blog post]. Retrieved from http:// www .chomsky .info /articles /20090830 .htm [Accessed January 29, 2014].

Cole, Ken. (1999). Economy- environment- development- knowledge. New York, NY: Routledge.

Conde Rodríguez, Alicia. (2000). Ensayo introductorio: Para una teoría crítica de la emancipación cubana. In Roberto Agramonte (Ed.), La polémica filosófica cubana 1838– 1839, Volúmen 1 (pp. 3– 66). Havana, Cuba: Bibliotéca de clásicos cubanos.

Costales, Manuel. (1838). Necesidad del estudio de la ideología para el de la literatura. La siempreviva. In Conde 2000, pp. 99– 103.

Crowell, Steven. (2010). Existentialism. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclo-pedia of Philosophy (Winter ed.), Retrieved from http:// plato .stanford .edu /archives /win2010 /entries /existentialism [Accessed August 21, 2013].

Davidson, Donald. (1991). Three varieties of knowledge. In A. Philps Griffiths (Ed.), A.J. Ayer: Memorial essays. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

De la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés. (2005). Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz: Selected writings (Pamela Kirk Rappaport, Trans.). New York, NY: Paulist Press.

Delaney, Samuel. (1993). The motion of light in water: Sex and science fiction writing in the East Village, 1960– 1965. New York, NY: Richard Kasak Books.

Deming, Mark. (2012). [Review of To the Left of the Father]. New York Times. Retrieved from http:// movies .nytimes .com /movie /255655 /To-the-Left-of-the-Father /overview [Accessed March 1, 2012].

Descartes, René. (2013). Meditations on first philosophy: In which the existence of God and the difference between the human soul and body are demonstrated. Andrew Bailey (Ed.) (Ian Johnston, Trans.) Peterborough, ON: Broadview Press. (Originally published 1641)

Deutscher, Isaac. (1984). On socialist man. Marxism, Wars and Revolutions: Essays from four decades. (pp. 263– 76). London, UK: Verso.

Dillon, Robin. (1997). Self- respect: Emotional, moral, political. Ethics (107), 226– 49.Eagleton, Terry. (2009). Illusions of postmodernism. London, UK: Blackwell.

194 ● References

Ehrenhalt, Alan. (1994). The lost city: The forgotten virtues of community in America. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Einstein, Albert. (1954). Ideas and opinions. New York, NY: Wings Books.Ellis, Deb, & Mueller, Denis. (Directors). (2004). Howard Zinn: You can’t be neutral on

a moving train (Documentary) [Motion picture]. United States: First Run Features.Engels, Frederick. (1940). Dialectics of nature. London, UK: Lawrence and Wishart.Escobar, Arturo. (1997). Unmasking development. In M. Rahnema & V. Batree (Eds.),

The post- development reader. London, UK: Zed Books.Esteva, Gustavo. (2010). Development. In Wolfgang Sachs (Ed.), The development dic-

tionary (2nd ed., pp. 1– 23). London: Zed Press. (Originally published 1992)Esteva, Gustavo, & Prakash, Madhu Suri. (1998). Beyond development, what? (Au- delà

du développement, qu’y- a- t- il? / Além do desenvolvimento, o que acontece? / Mas allá del desarrollo, ¿Cómo?) Development in Practice 8(3), 280– 96. Retrieved from http:// proxy .queensu .ca /login ?url = http:// www .jstor .org .proxy .queensu .ca /stable /4028743 [Accessed September 10, 2011].

Falk, Richard. (2000). Human rights horizons: The pursuit of justice in a globalizing world. New York. NY: Routledge.

Fanon, Frantz. (1952). Peau noir, masques blancs. Paris: Editions de Seuil.Fanon, Frantz. (1963). Wretched of the Earth. New York, NY: Grove Press.Fanon, Frantz. (1967). The fact of blackness. Black skin, whites masks (pp. 109– 40). New

York, NY: Grove Press.Feinberg, Joel. (1971). Legal paternalism. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 1(1), 106– 24.Ferrer, Ada. (1999). Insurgent Cuba: Race, nation and revolution, 1868– 1898. Chapel

Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Fischlin, Daniel, & Nandorfy, Martha. (2002). Eduardo Galeano: Through the looking

glass. Montreal, QC: Black Rose Books.Fish, Stanley. (2008). Save the world on your own time. New York, NY: Oxford University

Press.Fisk, Robert. (2002). Pity the nation: The abduction of Lebanon. New York, NY: Nation

Books.Fisk, Robert. (2005). The great war for civilization: The conquest of the Middle East. New

York, NY: Vintage Books.Fitzpatrick, William. (2012). [Review of The Ethical project by Philip Kitcher]. Ethics

123(1), 167– 74.Florida, Richard. (2012). The rise of the creative class, revisited. New York, NY: Basic

Books.Frank, Thomas. (2013a). Sunday Edition. Podcast retrieved from http:// podcast .cbc

.ca /mp3 /podcasts /sundayedition _20131115 _34537 .mp3 [Accessed November 18, 2013].

Frank, Thomas. (2013b, June). Getting to eureka. Harper’s Magazine. Retrieved from http:// harpers .org /archive /2013 /06 /getting-to-eureka [Accessed November 18, 2013].

Freire, Paulo. (2011). Pedagogy of the oppressed (Myra Berman Ramos, Trans.). New York, NY: Continuum Press. (Originally published 1970)

References ● 195

Galeano, Eduardo. (1973). Open veins of America: Five centuries of the pillage of a conti-nent. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.

Galeano, Eduardo. (2002). El Tigre Azul y otros artículos (3rd ed.). Havana, Cuba: Edito-rial de Ciencias Sociales.

García Bernal, Gael. (2013, July). The Frost Interviews. Retrieved from http:// www .aljazeera .com /programmes /frostinterview /2013 /10 /gael-garcia-bernal-being-optimistic-201310314277471630 .html [Accessed November 4, 2013].

García Márquez, Gabriel. (1976). Operation Carlota. Retrieved from http:// www .rhodesia .nl /marquez .htm [Accessed August 27, 2010].

García Márquez, Gabriel. (1998). A personal portrait of Fidel. In Fidel Castro Ruz, Fidel: My early years (pp. 13– 25). Hoboken, NJ: Ocean Press.

García Marruz, Fina. (1992, May). El amor como energía revolucionaria en José Martí. Albur (Special ed.). Havana. Cuba: Centro de estudios martianos.

García Marruz, Fina. (2011a). La edad de oro. Temas Martianos (pp. 385– 402). (Origi-nally published 1962)

García Marruz, Fina. (2011b). Las cartas de Martí. Temas Martianos (pp. 403– 29). (Originally published 1968)

Gilmour, David. (2013, October 21). The next chapter with Shelagh Rogers [Podcast]. Retrieved from http:// www .cbc .ca /thenextchapter /2013 /10 [Accessed October 22, 2013].

Gleijeses, Piero. (2002). Conflicting missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959– 1976. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Gleijeses, Piero. (2013a). Visions of freedom: Havana. Washington, pretoria and the strug-gle for southern Africa, 1976– 1991. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Gleijeses, Piero. (2013b, December 11). The secret history of how Cuba helped end apartheid in South Africa. [Interview on Democracy Now!]. Retrieved from http:// www .democracynow .org /2013 /12 /11 /the _secret _history _of _how _cuba [Accessed December 11, 2013].

Glymour, Clark, & Eberhardt, Frederick. (2012). Hans Reichenbach. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter ed.), Retrieved from http:// plato .stanford .edu /archives /win2012 /entries /reichenbach [Accessed January 12, 2014].

Goenka, S. N. (1998). Satipatthana Sutta Discourses. Seattle, WA: Vipassana Research.Goldman, Alvin. (1967). A causal theory of knowing. Journal of Philosophy 64(12),

357– 72.Goldman, Alvin. (1976). Discrimination and perceptual knowledge. Journal of Philoso-

phy (73), 771– 91.González Echevarría, Roberto. (2002). Introduction. In Esther Allen (Ed.), José Martí:

Selected writings (Esther Allen, Trans., pp. ix– xxv). New York, NY: Penguin Books.González del Valle, José Zacarías. (1838a, August 11). Por el ecléctico. Diario de la

Habana. In Agramonte 2000, pp. 104– 7.

196 ● References

González del Valle, José Zacarías. (1838b, August 24). Por el ecléctico. Diario de la Habana. In Agramonte 2000, pp. 113– 16.

Goodin, R. E., & Jackson, F. (2007). Freedom from fear. Philosophy and Public Affairs 35(3), 249– 65.

Goodman, N. (1973). Fact, fiction and forecast (3rd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs- Merril.Gott, Richard. (2005). Cuba: A new history. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.Gould, Stephen Jay. (1996). The mismeasure of man. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.

(Originally published 1981)Gramsci, Antonio. (1983). Selections from the prison notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. Quin-

ton Hoare & Geoffrey Nowell Smith (Eds. and Trans.). New York, NY: International Publishers. (Originally published 1948– 51)

Gregor, A. James. (2012). Totalitarianism and political religion: An intellectual history. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Guevara, Ernesto “Che.” (1997a). Speech to medical students and health workers. In David Deutschman (Ed.), The Che Guevara Reader: Writings on guerilla strategy, poli-tics and revolution (pp. 95– 105). New York, NY: Ocean Press. (Originally spoken 1960)

Guevara, Ernesto “Che.” (1997b). The OAS conference at Punta del Este. In David Deutschman (Ed.), The Che Guevara Reader: Writings on guerilla strategy, politics and revolution (pp. 217– 56). New York, NY: Ocean Press. (Originally spoken 1961)

Guevara, Ernesto “Che.” (1997c). Man and socialism in Cuba. In David Deutschman (Ed.), The Che Guevara reader: Writings on guerilla strategy, politics and revolution (pp. 197– 214). New York, NY: Ocean Press. (Originally published 1965)

Guevara, Ernesto “Che.” (1997d). Create two, three, many Vietnams: Message to the Tricontinental. In David Deutschman (Ed.), The Che Guevara reader: Writings on guerilla strategy, politics and revolution (pp. 313– 28). New York, NY: Ocean Press. (Originally published 1967)

Guevara, Ernesto “Che.”(2003). In David Deutschman (Ed.), Che Guevara reader: Writ-ings on politics and revolution. (2nd, expanded ed.). New York, NY: Ocean Press.

Hacking, Ian. (1999). The social construction of what? Cambridge, MA: Harvard Uni-versity Press.

Hacking, Ian. (2006). Making up people. London Review of Books 28(16– 17), 23– 26.Hammond, Claudia. (2012). Time warped: Unlocking the mysteries of time perception.

London, UK: Canongate.Hamowy, R. (2008). The encyclopedia of libertarianism. New York, NY: Sage.Hanson, N. R. (1958). Patterns of discovery. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University

Press.Hare, R. M. (1981). Moral thinking. Oxford, NY: Clarendon Press.Hart Dávalos, Armando. (1999). Cuba: Raices del presente. Madrid, Spain: Ediciones

libertarias.Hart Dávalos, Armando. (2000, June 6). La Revolución vive en el derecho. La

Granma, 4.

References ● 197

Hart Dávalos, Armando. (2006). Ética, cultura, y política. Havana, Cuba: Centro de estudios martianos.

Hart, William. (1987). The art of living: Vipassana meditation as taught by S. N. Goenka. New York, NY: HarperCollins.

Hegel, G. W. F. (1967). Phenomenology of mind (J. B. Bailly, Trans.) New York, NY: Harper Torchbooks. (Originally published 1807)

Hemingway, Ernest. (1937). To have and have not. New York, NY: Grosset and Dunlap.Hendler, Sue. (2012). Dying in public: Living with metastatic breast cancer. Christine

Overall (Ed.). Kingston, ON: Michael Grass House.Heras, Eduardo (Ed.). (1999). Cultura y Revolución: A Cuarenta Anos de 1959. Havana,

Cuba: Casa de las Americas.Hirschler, Jason. (2013, March 22). Sins of Omission. New York Times Examiner.

Retrieved from http:// venezuelanalysis .com /analysis /8330 [Accessed March 23, 2013].

Holden, Stephen. (2011, February 17). Discovering Columbus’ exploitation. New York Times. Retrieved from http:// movies .nytimes .com /2011 /02 /18 /movies /18even .html? _r = 0 [Accessed February 18, 2013].

Huish, Robert. (2009). Going where no doctor has gone before: How Cuba’s Latin American School of Medicine may redefine geographies of health care in the global south. (Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Geography). Simon Fraser University, Canada.

Huish, Robert. (2013). Where no doctor has gone before: Cuba’s place in the global health landscape. Waterloo, ON: Wilfred Laurier University Press.

Huish, Robert, & Kirk, John. (2007). Cuban medical internationalism and the develop-ment of the Latin American school of medicine. Latin American Perspectives 34(6), 77– 92.

Huish, Robert, & Kirk, John. (2009). Cuban medical internationalism in Africa: The threat of a dangerous example. The Latin Americanist 53(3), 125– 39.

Ikeda, Daisaku, & Vitier, Cintio. (2001). Diálogo sobre José Martí, el Apóstol de Cuba. Havana, Cuba: Centro de estudios martianos.

Illich, Ivan. (2005). Rivers north of the future: The testament of Ivan Illich as told to David Cayley. Toronto, ON: House of Anansi Press.

Ionesco, Eugène. (2000). Rhinoceros (Derek Prouse, Trans.). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1959)

Kant, Immanuel. (1996a). Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, translated as “Ground-work of the Metaphysics of Morals.” In Immanuel Kant Practical Philosophy, Mary Gregor (Ed. and Trans.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published 1785)

Kant, Immanuel. (1996b). Kritik der practischen Vernuft, translated as “Critique of Prac-tical Reason.” In Immanuel Kant Practical Philosophy, Mary Gregor (Ed. and Trans.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published 1788)

Kant, Immanuel. (1996c). Die Metaphysik der Sitten, translated as “The Metaphysics of Morals.” In Immanuel Kant Practical Philosophy, Mary Gregor (Ed. and Trans.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published 1797)

198 ● References

King’s College London. (2011). Understanding the diverse benefits of learning in nat-ural environments. Retrieved from http:// www .naturalengland .org .uk /Images /KCL-LINE-benefits _tcm6–31078.pdf [Accessed December 16, 2013].

Kirk, John, & Erisman, Michael. (2009). Cuban medical internationalism: Origins, evolu-tion and goals. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kirk, John, & Padura Fuentes, Leonardo. (2001). Culture and the Cuban Revolution: Conversations in Havana. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.

Kissinger, Henry. (1999). Years of renewal. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Kitcher, Philip. (1982). Abusing science: The case against creationism. Boston, MA: MIT

Press.Kitcher, Philip. (1992). The naturalists return. The Philosophical Review 101(1), 53– 114.Kitcher, Philip. (2001). Science, truth and democracy. New York, NY: Oxford University

Press.Kitcher, Philip. (2011). The ethical project. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.Koerner, Michael M. (2013). Convocation address at Queen’s University, Kingston,

Ontario, Canada, November 20.Koggel, Christine M. (2007). Empowerment and the role of advocacy in a globalized

world. Ethics and Social Welfare 1(1), 8– 21.Korsgaard, Christine. (1996). The sources of normativity. Harvard, MA: Cambridge Uni-

versity Press.Kuhn, Thomas. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL:

University of Chicago Press.Kymlicka, Will. (1991). Liberalism, community and culture. Oxford, UK: Clarendon

Press.Lacey, Mark. (2006). Hippocrates meets Fidel, and even US students enroll. New

York Times. Retrieved from http:// www .nytimes .com /2006 /12 /08 /world /americas /08havana .html? _r = 1 & ex = 1170565200 & en = 73a331382e801ab9 & ei = 5070 [Accessed April 9, 2010].

Larmore, Charles. (2001). A critique of Philip Pettit’s republicanism. Nous 35(1), 229– 43.

Larmore, Charles. (2004). Liberal and Republican conceptions of freedom. In D. Wein-stock & C. Nadeau (Eds.), Republicanism: History, Theory and Practice (pp. 96– 119). London, UK: Frank Cass.

Lenin, V. I. (1961a). On the question of dialectics. In Stewart Smith (Ed.), Collected Works, Vol. 38. (Clemens Dutt, Trans., pp. 355– 64). London, UK: Lawrence and Wishart. (Originally published 1930)

Lenin, V. I. (1961b). Conspectus of Hegel’s Science of Logic. In Stewart Smith (Ed.), Col-lected Works, Vol. 38 (Clemens Dutt, Trans., pp. 85– 126). London, UK: Lawrence and Wishart. (Originally published 1930)

Lester, J. C. (1994). The evolution of the political compass (and why libertarianism is not right- wing). Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 17(3), 231– 41.

Lih, Lars T. (2011). Lenin: Critical lives. London, UK: Reaktion Books.

References ● 199

Limia David, Miguel. (2003). Tendencias principales en elpensamiento filosófico. Sin urna de cristal (pp. 49– 56). Havana, Cuba: Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de la cultura cubana juan marinello.

Logan, Alan, & Selhub, Eva. (2013). Your brain on nature: The science of nature’s influence on your health, happiness, and vitality. Mississauga, ON: John Wiley & Sons.

Lorde, Audre. (1984). The uses of anger: Women responding to racism. Sister outsider: Essays and speeches by Audre Lorde (pp. 124– 33). Trumansberg, NY: Crossing Press. (Originally published 1981)

Lorde, Audre. (2006). Uses of the erotic: The erotic as power. Sister Outsider. Berkeley, CA: Crossing Press. Rpt. In Elizabeth Hackett & Sally Haslanger (Eds.), Theorizing feminisms: A reader (pp. 188– 91). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Origi-nally published 1984)

Lula da Silva, Luiz Ignácio. (2013, March 6). Latin America after Chávez. New York Times. Retrieved from http:// www .nytimes .com /2013 /03 /07 /opinion /latin-america-after-chavez .html ?pagewanted = all & _r = 0 [Accessed March 19, 2013].

Luz y Caballero, José de la. (1938). Advertencia- proemio al elenco de 1834. Gaceta de Puerto Principe (May 12, 1838). In Conde 2000, pp. 69– 71.

Luz y Caballero, José de la. (1947). La Polemica filosófica, Volume 5. Havana, Cuba: University of Havana.

Lynch, John. (2006). Simón Bolívar: A life. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Malcolm, Gary. (2011). Education for development. In Henry Veltmeyer (Ed.), The

critical development studies handbook: Tools for change (pp. 166– 67). Blackpoint, NS: Fernwood.

Mandela, Nelson. (1994). Long walk to freedom. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.Mann, Thomas. (1995). The magic mountain (John E. Woods, Trans.). New York, NY:

Vintage Books. (Originally published 1924)Mannheim, Karl. (1936). Ideology and utopia: An introduction to the sociology of knowl-

edge. Louis Wirth & Edward Shils (Trans.). New York, NY: Harvest Books.Mariátequi, José Carlos. (2011a). Peru’s principal problem. In Harry E. Vanden & Mark

Becker (Eds. and Trans.), José Carlos Mariátequi: An anthology (pp. 139– 43). New York, NY: Monthly Review Press. (Originally published 1924)

Mariátequi, José Carlos. (2011b). On the indigenous problem: Brief historical review. In Harry E. Vanden & Mark Becker (Eds. and Trans.), José Carlos Mariátequi: An anthology (pp. 145– 50). New York, NY: Monthly Review Press. (Originally pub-lished 1929)

Martí, José. (1963– 66). Obras Completas. Havana, Cuba: Editorial Nacional de Cuba.Martí, José. (1999a). With all, for the good of all. In Deborah Shnookal & Mirta Muñez

(Eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas (pp. 131– 44). New York, NY: Ocean Books. (Originally published 1891)

Martí, José. (1999b). Wandering teachers. In Deborah Shnookal & Mirta Muñez (Eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas (pp. 46– 50). New York, NY: Ocean Books. (Originally published 1894)

200 ● References

Martí, José. (1999c). Yoke and the star. In Deborah Shnookal & Mirta Muñez (Eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas (pp. 256– 58). New York, NY: Ocean Books. (Originally published 1913)

Martí, José. (2002a). Political prison in Cuba. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (pp. 9– 18). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally pub-lished 1871)

Martí, José. (2002b). Prologue to Juan Antonio Pérez Bonalde’s poem of Niagara. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (pp. 43– 51). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1882)

Martí, José. (2002c). My verses. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (p. 57). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1913)

Martí, José. (2002d). Emerson. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (pp. 116– 29). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1882)

Martí, José. (2002e). The poet Walt Whitman. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (pp. 183– 94). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1887)

Martí, José. (2002f ). Our America. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (pp. 288– 96). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1891)

Martí, José. (2002g). My race. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (pp. 318– 20). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1893)

Martí, José. (2002h). The truth about the United States. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (pp. 329– 33). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1894)

Martí, José. (2002i). The Montecristi manifesto. In Esther Allen (Ed. and Trans.), José Martí: Selected writings (pp. 337– 45). New York, NY: Penguin Books. (Originally published 1895)

Marx, Karl. (1978a). On the Jewish question. In Robert C. Tucker (Ed.), The Marx- Engels reader: Second edition (pp. 26– 52). New York, NY: Norton. (Originally pub-lished 1843)

Marx, Karl. (1978b). The Economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844. In Robert C. Tucker (Ed.), The Marx- Engels reader: Second edition (pp. 66– 125). New York, NY: Norton. (Originally published 1932)

Marx, Karl. (1978c). The German ideology, part 1. In Robert C. Tucker (Ed.), The Marx- Engels Reader: Second edition (pp. 146– 202). New York, NY: Norton. (Origi-nally published 1932)

Marx, Karl. (1978d). Grundrisse. In Robert C. Tucker (Ed.), The Marx- Engels Reader: Second edition (pp. 221– 93). New York, NY: Norton. (Originally published 1857– 58)

Maté, Gabor. (2008). In the realm of hungry ghosts: Close encounters with addiction. Toronto, ON: Knopf Canada.

McKinley, James C. (2011, March 21). Lawyer in perjury case tries to discredit reporter. New York Times. Retrieved from http:// www .nytimes .com /2011 /03 /22 /us /22posada .html? _r = 1 & [Accessed December 14, 2012].

References ● 201

Mello, Selton. (2001, December). To the left of the father [Motion picture]. Presentation at the New Latin American Film Festival, Havana, Cuba.

Merton, Thomas. (1962). New seeds of contemplation. New York, NY: New Directions.Merton, Thomas. (1966). Conjectures of a guilty bystander. New York, NY: Doubleday.Merton, Thomas. (1967a). The other side of despair. Mystics and the zen masters

(pp. 255– 80). New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.Merton, Thomas. (1967b). Rain and the rhinoceros. Raids on the unspeakable

(pp. 9– 26). New York, NY: New Directions.Merton, Thomas. (1968). Zen and the birds of appetite. New York, NY: New Directions.Merton, Thomas. (1970). The seven story mountain. Garden City, NY: Image Books.

(Originally published 1948)Merton, Thomas. (1974). The Thomas Merton reader. Thomas P. McDonnell (Ed.). Gar-

den City, NY: Image Books. (Originally published 1938)Merton, Thomas. (1979). Love and living. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Merton, Thomas. (1992). Introduction. In The way of Chuang Tzu (pp. 1– 28). Boston,

MA: Shambhala Press.Mészáros, István. (2012). The work of Sartre: The search for freedom and the challenge of

history. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press. (Originally published 1979)Miller, Richard W. (1981). Marx and Aristotle. Marx and morality. In Kai Nielsen &

Steven C. Patten (Eds.), Canadian Journal of Philosophy: Special Volume VII (pp. 323– 52). Guelph, ON: Canadian Association for Publishing in Philosophy.

Miller, Richard W. (1989). Objectivity in the social sciences. In Richard Boyd, Phil Gaspar, & J. D. Trout (Eds.), Introduction to the Philosophy of Science (pp. 743– 62). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Mills, Charles. (1997). The racial contract. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Mills, Charles. (2007). The Domination contract. In Carole Pateman & Charles W.

Mills (Eds.), Contract and domination (pp. 79– 105). Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.Mills, Claudia (1998). Choice and circumstance. Ethics 109(1), 154– 65.Milne, Seamus. (2013, February 19). Think there’s no alternative? Latin America has

a few. The Guardian. Retrieved from http:// www .theguardian .com /commentisfree /2013 /feb /19 /no-alternative-latin-america-has-a-few [Accessed February 6, 2014].

Minà, Gianni. (2001). Un continente desaparecido. Havana, Cuba: Casa Editorial Abril.Monbiot, George. (2013a, October 7). Rewild the child. The Guardian. Retrieved from

http:// www .monbiot .com /2013 /10 /07 /rewild-the-child [Accessed December 16, 2013].

Monbiot, George. (2013b, November 25). Spend, don’t mend. The Guardian. Retrieved from http:// www .monbiot .com /2013 /11 /25 /spend-dont-mend [Accessed Decem-ber 16, 2013].

Morales, Evo. (2003, October). Power to the People (Speech at the “In Defence of Humanity” forum, Mexico City, Mexico). Rpt. In Tariq Ali (2006). Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis of hope (p. 221). New York, NY: Verso Press.

Morrison, Toni. (1992). Playing in the dark: Whiteness and the literary imagination. New York, NY: Vintage Books.

202 ● References

Narayan, D. (2004). Empowerment and poverty reduction. Washington, DC: World Bank.Narayan, D. (2005). Measuring empowerment. Washington, DC: World Bank.Naureckas, Jim. (2013, March 6). Chavez wasted his money on health care when he could

have built gigantic skyscrapers. Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. Retrieved from http:// www .fair .org /blog /2013 /03 /06 /ap-chavez-wasted-his-money-on-healthcare-when-he-could-have-built-gigantic-skyscrapers [Accessed March 13, 2013].

Nielsen, Kai, & Patten, Steven G. (Eds.). (1981). Marx and morality: Canadian journal of philosophy supplementary volume VII. Guelph, ON: Canadian Association for Pub-lishing in Philosophy.

Nzegwu, Nkiru. (2006). Family matters: Feminist concepts in African philosophy of culture. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Ortega, Daniel, & Rodríguez, Francisco. (2008). Freed from illiteracy: A closer look at Venezuela's misión Robinson campaign. Economic Development and Cultural Change 57(1), 1– 30. Retrieved from http:// www .journals .uchicago .edu .proxy .queensu .ca /doi /pdf /10 .1086 /590461 [Accessed June 14, 2010].

Ortiz, María Dolores. (2006). Introducción. In Armando Hart Dávalos (Ed.), Ética, cultura, y política (pp. 15– 31). Havana, Cuba: Centro de estudios martianos.

Orwell, George. (1943). The freedom of the press. [Orwell’s proposed preface to Animal Farm] Retrieved from http:// orwell .ru /library /novels /Animal _Farm /english /efp _go [Accessed November 18, 2012].

Pilger, John. (2007). War on democracy (Documentary) [Motion picture]. United King-dom: Youngheart Entertainment.

Pink, Dan (2010). The surprising truth about motivation. RSA Animate. YouTube video retrieved from http:// www .youtube .com /watch ?v = u6XAPnuFjJc [Accessed Novem-ber 19, 2013].

Pintrich, Paul R. (2000). The role of goal orientation in self- regulated learning. In Monique Boekaerts, Paul R. Pintrich, & Moshe Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self- regulation (pp. 451– 502). San Diego, CA: Academic Press, xxix, 783.

Pogolotti, Graziella. (2006). La construcción del sujeto. In Armando Hart Dávalos (Ed.), Ética, cultura, y política (pp. 9– 14). Havana, Cuba: Centro de estudios martianos.

Prado. C. G. (2006). Searle and Foucault on truth. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univer-sity Press.

Putnam, Hilary. (1975). The analytic and synthetic. Mind, language and reality: Philo-sophical papers, volume 2 (pp. 33– 69). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Quine, W. V. O. (1969). Ontological relativity and other essays. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Rahnema, Majid. (2010). Participation. In Wolfgang Sachs (Ed.), The development dic-tionary: A guide to knowledge as power, second edition (pp. 127– 44). London, UK: Zed Press.

Railton, Peter. (1984). Marx and the objectivity of science. PSA: Proceedings of the Bien-nial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 2, pp. 813– 26.

Rawls, John. (1971). A theory of justice. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

References ● 203

Rawls, John. (1999). The Law of Peoples with “The Idea of Public Reason revisited.” Cam-bridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Reed, Gail. (1992). Island in the storm: The Cuban communist party’s fourth congress. Melbourne, AU: Ocean Press.

Retamar, Roberto Fernández. (2006a). Política en nuestra América. Havana, Cuba: Fundo cultural del Alba.

Retamar, Roberto Fernández. (2006b). Introducción a José Martí (2nd ed.). Havana, Cuba: Editorial Letras Cubanas.

Rich, Adrienne. (2001). Arts of the possible: Essays and conversations. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.

Ritter, Arch. (2010, June 22). Has Cuba’s catastrophic decline in real wage levels been reversed? [Blog post]. Retrieved from http:// thecubaneconomy .com (cited in Velt-meyer & Rushton 2013).

Robinson, William I. (2008). Transformative possibilities in Latin America. In Leo Panitch & Colin Leys (Eds.), Global flashpoints: Reactions to imperialism and neolib-eralism. Socialist Register 2008 (pp. 141– 59). New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.

Rodríguez Calderón, Mirta. (1995). Life in the special period. NACLA Report on the Americas 29(2), pp. 18– 19.

Rodríguez, Pedro Pablo. (2010). “Una en alma y intento”: Identidad y unidad latino-americana en José Martí De los dos Américas: Aproximaciones al pensamento martiano (pp. 3– 48). Havana, Cuba: Centro de estudios martianos.

Rodríguez, Pedro Paulo. (2012a). José Martí en tiempos de reenquiciamiento y remolde: Desatar a América y desuncir al hombre. In Pensar, prever, server: El ideario de José Martí (pp. 7– 20). Havana, Cuba: Ediciones Unión. (Originally presented 2001)

Rodríguez, Pedro Paulo. (2012b). Nuestra América: José Martí ante la razón moderna. In Pensar, prever, server: El ideario de José Martí (pp. 131– 70). Havana, Cuba: Edi-ciones Unión.

Rodríguez, Pedro Paulo. (2012c). Crecimiento o desarrollo? In Pensar, prever, server: El ideario de José Martí (pp. 171– 77). Havana, Cuba: Ediciones Unión. (Originally published 2008)

Ryle, Gilbert. (1949). The concept of mind. London, UK: Penguin Books.Sachs, Wolfgang. (1992). Introduction. In Wolfgang Sachs (Ed.), The development dic-

tionary: A guide to knowledge as power. New York, NY: Zed Books.Sandel, Michael. (2012). What money can’t buy— the moral limits of markets. London,

UK: Allen Lane (Penguin).Saney, Isaac. (2004). Cuba: A revolution in motion. Blackpoint, NS: Fernwood.Saney, Isaac. (2006, September). African Stalingrad. Latin American perspectives 33(5),

81– 117. Retrieved from http:// www .normangirvan .info /wp-content /uploads /2009 /01 /saney-african-stalingrad-pdf-111 .pdf [Accessed August 27, 2010].

Saramago, José. (2002, March 9). From justice to democracy by way of the bells (Speech at the World Social Forum. Puerto Alegre, Brazil). Retrieved from http:// www .znet .org /content /VisionStrategy /Saramogobell .cfm [Accessed July 10, 2002].

204 ● References

Sartre, Jean- Paul. (1963). Preface. In Frantz Fanon, Wretched of the earth (Constance Far-rington, Trans., pp. 7– 31). New York, NY: Grove Press. (Originally published 1961)

Sartre, Jean- Paul. (1969, November– December). The itinerary of a thought. New Left Review 1(58), pp. 43– 66 [cited in Mészáros 2012].

Schlacter Antolín, Alexis. (1995, May). Un Martí desconocido: El critic de las ciencias. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 178, 91– 98.

Schulkind, Jeanne. (1976). Introduction. In Virginia Wolfe, Moments of being (pp. 11– 24). Sussex, UK: University Press.

Searle, John. (1995). The construction of social reality. New York, NY: Free Press.Searle, John. (1998). Mind, language and society: Philosophy in the real world. New York,

NY: Basic Books.Segrest, Mab. (1985). My Mama’s dead squirrel: Lesbian essays on Southern culture. Ithaca,

NY: Firebrand Books.Sen, Amartya. (1999). Development as freedom. New York, NY: Anchor Books.Shoemaker, Sydney. (1984). Causality and properties. Identity, cause, and mind: Philo-

sophical essays (pp. 206– 33). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Shotwell, Alexis. (2011). Knowing otherwise: Race, gender and implicit understanding.

University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.Sidgwick, Henry. (1907). The methods of ethics. London, UK: Macmillan.Spelman, Elizabeth. (1988). Inessential woman: Problems of exclusion in feminist thought

Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Steele, Jen. (n.d.). “Yo, sí puedo”: South- south educational collaboration in practice.

Society for International Education Journal 5(1). Retrieved from http:// www .tc .columbia .edu /students /sie /journal /Volume _5 /steele .pdf [Accessed June 14, 2010].

Stone, Oliver (Dir.). (2010). South of the border [Documentary film]. Cinema Libre Studio: Los Angeles, CA.

Sturgeon, Nicholas. (1988). Ethical explanations. In Geoffrey Sayre- McCord (Ed.), Essays on moral realism (pp. 229– 55). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Styron, William. (1979). Sophie’s choice. New York, NY: Vintage Books.Sweig, Julia. (2007). Fidel’s final “victory.” Foreign Affairs (1), 39– 56.Taylor, Charles. (2005). Foreword. In Ivan Illich, Rivers north of the future: The testament

of Ivan Illich as told to David Cayley. Toronto, ON: House of Anansi Press.Taylor, Charles. (2007). A secular age. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Uni-

versity Press.Thornton, Russell. (1987). American Indian Holocaust survival: A population history since

1492. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Timossi, Jorge. (2000). Palabras sin fronteras: Literatura y periodismo en América

Latina. Temas, 20(1), 89– 103.Tlali, Miriam. (1987). Between two worlds. London, UK: Longman African Writers

Series.Tobin, T. W., & Jaggar, A. M. (2013). Naturalizing moral justification: Rethinking the

method of moral epistemology. Metaphilosophy 44(4), 409– 39.

References ● 205

Toledo Benedit, Josefina. (1994). La ciencia y la técnica en José Martí. Havana, Cuba: Editorial Científica Técnica.

Torres- Cuevas, Eduardo. (2004). Historia del pensamiento cubano: Volúmen 1, Tomo 1. Havana, Cuba: Editorial de ciencias sociales.

Torres- Cuevas, Eduardo. (2006). Historia del pensamiento cubano: Volúmen 1, Tomo 2. Havana, Cuba: Editorial de ciencias sociales.

Tyler, T. R. (2011). Why people cooperate: The role of social motivations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Vanden, Harry E., & Becker, Mark. (2011). Amauta: An introduction to the life and works of José Carlos Mariátqui. In Harry E. Vanden & Mark Becker (Eds. and Trans.), José Carlos Mariátequi: An anthology (pp. 11– 61). New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.

Vanier, Jean. (1998). Becoming human. Toronto, ON: Anansi Press.Velleman, David J. (1991). Well- being and time. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 72(1),

48– 77.Veltmeyer, Henry (Ed.). (2011). The critical development studies handbook: Tools for

change. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Fernwood Books.Veltmeyer, Henry, & Rushton, Mark. (2013). The Cuban revolution as socialist develop-

ment. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books.Vitier, Cintio. (1995). Ese sol del mundo moral: Una historia de la eticidad cubana.

Havana, Cuba: Ediciones Unión. (Originally published 1974)Vitier, Cintio. (2006). Vida y obra del apóstol José Martí. Havana, Cuba: Centro de estu-

dios martianos.Vitier, Cintio. (2011a). Martí: Cuba. In Cintio Vitier & Fina García Marruz (Eds.),

Temas Martianos (pp. 9– 17). Havana, Cuba: Biblioteca José Martí. (Originally pub-lished 1962)

Vitier, Cintio. (2011b). Martí futuro. In Cintio Vitier & Fina García Marruz (Eds.), Temas Martianas (pp. 153– 78). Havana, Cuba: Centro de estudios martianos. (Orig-inally published 1964)

Wearden, Graeme. (2014, January 20). Oxfam: 85 richest people as wealthy as poor-est half of the world. The Guardian. Retrieved from http:// www .theguardian .com /business /2014 /jan /20 /oxfam-85-richest-people-half-of-the-world [Accessed January 24, 2014].

Webber, Jeffrey. (2011). Red October: Left indigenous struggles in modern Bolivia. Chi-cago, IL: Haymarket Books.

Weisbrot, Mark. (2013, April 15). Will Chávez revolution continue in Venezuela? Democracy Now! Retrieved from http:// www .democracynow .org /2013 /4 /15 /will _chvez _revolution _continue _in _venezuela [Accessed April 17, 2013].

Weisman, Robert. (2003, December). The U.S. meets defeat: Thwarted in the FTAA negotiations, the U.S. looks to smaller trade deals. Multinational Monitor 24(12). Retrieved from http:// www .multinationalmonitor .org /mm2003 /122003 /weissman .html [Accessed March 22, 2013].

206 ● References

Wilkinsin, Richard, & Pickett, Kate. (2009). The spirit level: Why equal societies almost always do much better. London, UK: Penguin Books.

Wilson, Robert A. (1995). Cartesian psychology and physical minds: Individualism and the sciences of the mind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Wilson, Robert A. (Ed.). (1999). Species: New interdisciplinary essays. Boston, MA: MIT Press.

Winterson, Jeanette. (2011). Why be happy when you can be normal? Toronto, ON: Vin-tage Canada.

Wong, David. (2002). Reasons and analogical reasoning in Mengzi. In Liu Xiusheng & Philip G. Ivanhoe (Eds.), Essays on the moral philosophy of Mengzi (pp. 187– 220). Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.

Wood, Allen. (2004). Karl Marx: Arguments of the philosophers: Second edition. New York, NY: Routledge.

Woolcock, M., & Narayan, D. (2000). Social capital: Implications for development theory, research and policy. World Bank Research Observer 15(2), pp. 225– 49.

Wright, Ronald. (1993). Stolen continents: The “New World” through Indian eyes. Toronto, ON: Penguin Press.

Wright, S. (2012). Welfare- to- work, agency and personal responsibility. Journal of Social Policy 41(2), 309– 28.

Yaffe, Helen. (2009). Che Guevara: The economics of revolution. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Yancy, George (Ed.). (2010). The center must not hold: White women philosophers on the whiteness of philosophy. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.

Zimmerman, Barry J., & Schunk, Dale H. (Eds.). (1989). Self- regulated learning and academic achievement: Theory, research, and practice. New York, NY: Springer- Verlag, xiv, 212.

Index

accommodationism, 91, 99– 100See also knowledge, nature of

Achebe, Chinua, 67– 68, 69, 79African National Congress (ANC), 51agency, 19– 20, 49– 50, 56– 63, 69, 73,

78– 79, 95, 172– 73age of authenticity, 30, 39, 82, 84, 96,

112, 113, 148, 156, 173Agramonte, Roberto, 3, 86Alarcón, Ricardo, 27, 172Algeria, 11, 48, 49, 54, 104Algerian National Liberation Front

(AFLN), 49Ali, Tariq, 74, 98alienation, 82– 83, 92, 96, 107– 9, 111–

13, 119, 127, 164, 171– 73, 176– 77See also authenticity; existentialism;

Merton, Thomasanalytic philosophy. See North Atlantic

philosophyAngola, 11, 14, 47– 53, 54, 79apartheid, 47– 48, 51, 52– 53, 69, 73, 76Appiah, Anthony, 24, 40, 90, 109Aristotle, 15, 38, 87, 96, 158– 59authenticity, 25, 30, 92, 95– 100, 106– 7,

110, 113, 176– 77Ayers, Bill, 2

Bacon, Francis, 88Badiou, Alain, 105– 9, 128, 138, 162– 63,

171, 176Barnet, Miguel. See Biography of a

Runaway SlaveBarrios, Reverend Luis, 134

Batista, Fulgencio, 72, 130battle for ideas, xi, 2– 4, 13, 14– 15, 45,

62, 69– 72, 79, 111– 13, 175– 83See also nature of ideas

Bay of Pigs, 50Beauvoir, Simone de, 91, 104Becker, Ernst, 117, 156Beeman, Chris, x, 102, 109, 110, 150Berlin, Isaiah. See freedom: positive and

negativeBetto, Frei, 12, 87, 127, 130, 143, 159Between Two Worlds (Miriam Tlali), 73–

74, 78bias, 74– 75, 152– 53

See also objectivityBiography of a Runaway Slave (Miguel

Barnet), 70Boas, Franz, 75Bobbio, Norberto, 62, 139Bobes, Marilyn (“Someone Must Cry”),

167– 68, 169Bolender, Keith, 53Bolívar, Simón, 1– 2, 11, 13, 27– 28, 29,

35, 44, 105, 140– 41, 165, 177Bolivia, 33, 47, 56, 139, 165– 69Borge, Tomás, 148bottom- up approaches, 6, 10, 155, 162–

64, 165– 76Boyd, Richard, x, 4, 7, 9, 37, 59, 62,

77, 84, 85, 86, 87, 91, 99, 101, 112, 124, 152, 155, 157, 185n1, 186n13, 188n4, 188n6, 188n10

Brandt, Richard, 23, 90Brecht, Bertoldt, 145, 171Brooks, David, 6, 148

208 ● Index

Brouwer, Steven, 35, 48, 54, 55, 56, 60, 61, 63– 64, 71

Brown, Rosemary (Being Brown), 129Bruce, Iain, 141– 43Buddhism, 97– 98, 137, 174

Caballero, José Agostín, 88, 97Cabral, Luís, 48Campbell, Richmond, 186n13, 188n4Campbell, Sue, x, 13, 28, 39, 77

feelings, 91, 119personhood, 87, 108, 128– 29, 141, 160

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), 75, 131, 133

capitalism, 27, 75, 79, 98, 131Card, Claudia, 19Carter, Jimmy, 52– 53Carvalho, Luis Fernando. See To the Left

of the FatherCastro Ruz, Fidel, 12, 13, 31, 36, 44, 47,

72, 88, 102, 103, 130, 131, 136– 38, 142, 143, 174– 75, 178

on capitalism, 11– 12, 98, 144, 175and internationalism, 50– 53, 54, 61–

62, 63– 64, 66in Venezuela, 3– 4, 15, 103– 4

causal theory of knowledge. See knowledge, nature of

causation, 58, 77, 137Cayley, David, 14, 104, 110, 118, 177Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 53,

61, 71, 186n9, 186n10, 186n16Chávez, Hugo, 1, 29, 33, 141– 42, 148choice, 2, 6, 23– 25, 40, 41– 43, 65, 71,

82, 86, 95, 100, 148, 154, 160, 172See also liberalism

Christianity, 36– 37, 104, 110, 137, 174See also Illich, Ivan

Chuang Tzu, 136, 141Coetzee, J. M. (Disgrace), 103, 113Cold War, 50, 68, 89Cole, Ken, 3– 4colonialism, 41, 48, 49, 107, 165, 166,

182Communist Manifesto (Karl Marx), 142

Conde Rodríguez, Alicia, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 66, 67, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 94, 126

connectivity, 14, 110, 118, 177, 180Costales, Manuel, 93Cousin, Victor, 5, 85– 87, 93– 94, 98,

107, 110– 11“Create Two, Three, Many Vietnams:

Message to the Tricontinental” (Ernesto “Che” Guevara), 136

critical development studies (CDS), 10, 12, 154

Crocker, Chester, 68– 69Crowell, Steven, 92Cuban philosophical polemic, 3, 5, 8,

12, 15, 27– 28, 73, 84, 92, 94, 102, 105, 11, 113, 126, 147– 48, 151, 155, 163, 164– 65, 170, 171, 174– 77

Cuban Revolution, ix, 3, 11, 13, 31, 36, 44, 45, 47, 66, 79, 131, 132

Cuban Revolutionary Party, 10Cuito Cuanavale, 50– 52culture, 7, 17, 36, 75, 132– 34, 152

Martí on, 42, 44, 64, 95, 120curriculum, 113

See also Cuban philosophical polemic

De la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés, 38Delaney, Samuel, 67democracy, 1, 18, 20, 21, 22– 23, 26, 27,

33– 35, 43– 44, 75, 172Descartes, René, 42, 84– 85, 88, 94, 124,

188n5Deutscher, Isaac, 96development, global, 2, 3– 4, 6– 7, 14– 15,

26, 74, 78, 86, 87, 104, 111, 153– 55, 168, 169

in Cuba, 11– 12, 31– 33, 34, 43– 44, 147– 48

Guevara on, 19– 21, 117– 20, 145, 158, 163– 64, 165, 183

Martí on, 10, 11, 12– 13, 14, 39, 42– 43, 87– 88, 145, 151– 52, 175– 83

Sen on, 158– 60, 163, 170– 71

Index ● 209

Development as Freedom (Amartya Sen), 158– 60

dialectical character of knowledge. See knowledge, nature of; Marx, Karl: historical materialism

dignity, 23, 29– 30, 33, 60– 61, 69, 70, 139– 42, 160

Martí on, 10– 11, 12, 41, 69– 70, 71, 93– 95, 98, 151

Dillon, Robin, 25doctor program. See internationalism:

medicaldualism, 3, 14, 28– 29, 38, 39, 89, 94,

96– 97

Eagleton, Terry, 129– 30, 137Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of

1844 (Karl Marx), 10, 83, 88, 164Ehrenhalt, Alan, 6, 39, 82, 172Einstein, Albert, 9, 30, 44, 66, 100– 101,

126, 144– 45, 148– 49, 151, 152– 53, 162, 170

embodiment, 14– 15, 37– 42, 73, 85, 86, 94, 101, 104, 106, 109– 11, 151– 52, 163, 176– 77, 178, 181– 82

See also dualism“Emerson” (José Martí), 37– 38, 66, 70,

79, 100, 101, 123, 125, 149– 51, 162, 170, 178, 188n3

Engels, Frederick, 137, 187n5equilibrium, 117, 143– 44, 151Escobar, Arturo, 10, 153Escuela Latino Americana de Ciencias

Medicas (ELAM), 54– 55, 56, 64essentialism, 4, 82, 88, 111, 154– 55,

156, 159See also human nature; Marx, Karl:

species essenceEsteva, Gustavo, 147, 153ethics, 5, 34, 36, 138– 39, 142– 44, 159–

60, 162– 63fact/value distinction, 149, 152– 53Guevara on, 140– 41, 163– 65Martí on, 41– 43, 110– 11, 120– 21,

122, 180

Marx on, 141, 187n6moral reasons, 56– 58objectivity in, 152– 53, 154– 56pragmatic naturalism, 155– 56

Even the Rain (Icair Bollaín, dir.), 165– 67, 168, 170– 71

evidence. See projectibilityexistentialism, 42– 43, 92– 93, 141

See also Sartre, Jean- Paulexpectations, 9– 10, 96– 97, 103, 113,

125, 127– 30, 131, 131– 36, 138– 40, 142– 43, 144– 45, 147, 159, 164, 167, 168– 69, 173, 181

See also Bobes, Marilyn; Even the Rain; institutions

explanation, 18– 20, 21, 30– 32, 44– 45, 48, 58, 67, 79– 80, 129– 30, 133– 35, 156– 58

See also causation

Falk, Richard, 78falsification, 22– 23, 28, 34, 157

See also knowledge, nature ofFanon, Frantz, 20– 21, 23, 78, 79, 97,

122, 140, 154, 156, 157, 160, 166feelings, 37– 40, 64, 83, 84, 85, 94– 95,

101, 108, 124– 25, 126, 139– 40, 150, 151, 157

See also Campbell, SueFeinberg, Joel, 23– 24Ferrer, Ada, 71Figueredo, Lino. See “Political Prison in

Cuba”Fisk, Robert, 66– 67foundationalism. See knowledge, nature

offreedom, 1– 2, 4– 5, 7, 12, 13, 18– 19, 27,

29, 75, 83, 131– 32, 140– 42, 160, 168– 69, 182

capacities, realization of, 15, 158– 59 (see also Marx, Karl: species essence)

false views of, 26, 34, 73– 74, 75, 85– 86, 98, 98– 99, 100, 103, 107, 172– 74

210 ● Index

freedom (continued )Guevara on, 19, 45, 61, 63, 73– 74,

115– 18, 136, 138– 39, 174– 75Martí on, 6, 18– 19, 35– 36, 40– 44,

45, 65– 66, 69– 70, 77, 79, 87, 93– 94, 144, 151, 179– 80

positive and negative, 39– 40, 89– 93Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA),

18Freire, Paulo, 6– 7, 8, 10, 55– 56, 87, 91,

156, 157, 158, 160, 162– 63, 171Frost, David, 1, 2Fung Riverón, Thalia, ix

Galeano, Eduardo, 18, 21, 29– 30, 32, 35, 70, 77, 78, 133, 169, 170

García Bernal, Gael, 1– 2García Márquez, Gabriel, 13, 45, 49,

50, 65García Marruz, Fina, 12, 14, 120, 121General’s Son, The (Miko Peled), 127– 28,

129, 130general terms. See kindsGerman Ideology (Karl Marx), 82– 83, 88,

112, 118, 141, 160Gleijeses, Piero, 11, 12, 47, 48, 49, 50,

51, 52, 53, 61, 65, 68, 69, 71, 79, 104, 135

global development. See development, global

Golden Age, The (José Martí), 93– 94Goldman, Alvin, 28, 77, 85, 124Gómez, Máximo, 10, 11González, Elián, 21González Casanova, Pablo, 112– 13González del Valle, José, 86, 92– 93Goodman, Nelson, 9, 67, 84, 185n2Gott, Richard, 13– 14, 47– 48, 49, 50, 51,

52, 79Gould, Steven Jay, 71, 152Gramsci, Antonio, 2, 10, 93, 137, 164–

65, 174Gregor, A. James, 22– 23, 25, 27, 28,

30, 34Guevara, Ernesto “Che,” 1– 2, 45

in Africa and CIA on, 47, 49, 54, 61, 71

as anti- imperialist, 19– 20, 32, 157, 163

on armed struggle, 136, 137on death, 136– 37on imagination, 9– 10, 19– 20, 30,

165, 170on the law of value, 119– 20on love, 14, 119, 120, 130– 31, 144,

145on moral incentives, 13, 111– 12,

140– 45on the myth of the self- made man, 73,

164, 173– 74on the new man/woman, 115– 20,

131, 145, 151organicism of, 62– 63, 66, 73, 78– 79,

115– 20, 160, 171– 72, 174– 75, 175– 76, 177– 78

realism of, 9– 10, 87, 155– 56, 158, 170, 175– 76, 177

on solidarity, 53– 54, 62– 63, 136– 40, 183

vanguard, 130– 31, 163– 65See also development, global; ethics;

freedom; and individual worksGuzmán Blanco, Antonio, 40– 41

Hacking, Ian, 62Hanson, Russell, 7, 84Hare, Richard, 23, 90Hart Dávalos, Armando, 2– 3, 3– 4, 4– 5,

13, 27, 28, 36– 37, 44, 67, 86, 88, 97, 104, 111, 134, 139, 143, 152, 157, 177

Havana Book Fair, 131– 36Hegel, G. W. F., 7, 27, 36, 85, 116– 17,

118, 164Hemingway, Ernest, 59– 60, 129, 130,

135Heredia y Heredia, José María, 77historical materialism. See Marx, Karl;

Lenin, V. I.Hobbes, Thomas, 1

Index ● 211

homeostasis. See equilibriumHuish, Bob, 54, 55, 65, 133human nature, 4, 10, 13, 41, 49– 50,

64– 65, 84, 86, 87, 103, 115– 16, 152, 181

See also alienation; Marx, Karl: species essence

humanness, truths about, 3, 15, 43, 93– 94, 96, 98, 106, 108, 110, 113, 125, 137, 138, 154, 156– 57, 158, 159, 166, 182

See also Einstein, AlbertHume, David, 8, 84, 185n6, 188n4humility, 97, 150– 51Hurricane Flora, 49Hurricanes George and Mitch, 54

Ikeda, Daisaku, 12, 134, 176, 188n12Illich, Ivan, 14, 104– 5, 108– 9, 109– 10,

118, 138, 177, 178, 181indigenous peoples, 41, 78, 95, 107– 8,

109, 139, 165– 67See also Mariátequi, José Carlos

individuation. See kindsinfant mortality, 32, 54inside/outside distinction. See dualisminstitutions, 2, 5, 19– 21, 25– 26, 28– 29,

35– 36, 40, 42, 44, 45, 60, 61, 62, 66, 69– 70, 74– 75, 91– 92, 95, 97, 110, 111, 119, 121, 138, 139– 40, 141– 42, 144, 164, 173, 180, 182, 183

See also expectationsinstrumental reasoning, 23, 61, 65, 72,

90, 102, 117, 148– 49, 154Inter- American Economic and Social

Council, 19internationalism, 13– 14, 44, 65, 72– 74,

79, 100, 133in Africa, 49– 53, 61, 68– 69, 71literacy, 55– 56medical, 53– 55, 60– 61, 63– 64,

103– 4introspection, 14, 64, 73, 92, 117, 150

See also self- knowledge

intuitions, 37, 85, 86, 101, 150Ionesco, Eugène, 160– 62, 177

justification, 11, 14– 15, 28, 84, 87, 138, 155, 176

See also knowledge, nature of

Kant, Immanuel. See dignityKennedy, J. F., 19– 20, 53Kepler, Johannes, 30, 100kinds, 7– 8, 12, 15, 28, 62, 65– 66, 67,

70, 71– 72, 73, 74, 83, 86, 89– 91, 94, 97, 100, 102, 105, 108– 10, 126– 28, 147, 151, 154, 164, 165, 167, 168, 173– 74, 175– 77, 182

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 60Kirchner, Christina, 148Kirk, John, 54, 55, 65, 131, 186n10Kissinger, Henry, 11, 51, 52Kitcher, Philip, 8, 22, 74, 84, 124, 143,

145, 155, 157, 170, 187n3knowledge, nature of, 12– 13

causal theory of, 28, 77, 85, 124– 25foundationalism, 84– 85, 91Guevara on, 115– 20, 137– 38inference to the best explanation,

156– 57Martí on, 10– 11, 37– 38, 41, 43, 107–

8, 121, 134, 145, 149– 51, 176naturalistic realism, 137– 38 (see also

Boyd, Richard)nonpropositional, 65 (see also

embodiment; feelings; intuitions)positivism, 8, 28, 37, 84– 85, 89, 112,

176– 77reliable regulation, 157verificationism, 8See also Cuban philosophical polemic;

kinds; Luz y Caballero, José de la; Marx, Karl; objectivity

Koggel, Christine, x, 10, 155Korsgaard, Christine, 24, 56– 63, 65,

117, 167Kuhn, Thomas, 7, 37, 150Kymlicka, Will, 23

212 ● Index

Lenin, V. I., 7, 100, 106, 116– 17, 173– 74

liberalism, 3– 4, 13, 22– 30, 41, 45, 72, 73, 89, 94, 98, 106, 111, 173, 177

Martí and, 26, 35, 40– 42, 76, 79Limia David, Miguel, 33, 69literacy campaign, 55– 56, 132Lorde, Audre, 38– 39, 91Lula da Silva, Luis Ignacio, 34– 35, 148Luz y Caballero, José de la, 3– 5, 11– 12,

36, 66on knowledge and rationality, 3, 15,

67, 83, 85– 86, 91– 93, 107– 9, 126

on mind, 14, 36– 37, 86– 87, 88– 90, 93– 94, 97– 98, 110– 11

on philosophy, 8, 67, 88– 89, 173See also Cuban philosophical polemic

Magic Mountain, The (Thomas Mann), 137, 178– 79

“Man and Socialism” (Ernesto “Che” Guevara), 73, 118– 19, 164, 173, 176

Mandela, Nelson, 52, 53, 76, 186n11Mann, Thomas. See The Magic MountainMannheim, Karl, 85, 126María de Heredia, José, 70, 102, 187n21Mariátequi, José Carlos, 1– 2, 11, 29, 87,

107– 8, 112, 157Martí, José

on authenticity, 13– 14, 30, 38, 39, 69, 96– 98, 98– 99, 100, 104– 5, 112, 113, 138, 144, 147– 48, 177– 78, 181– 82

double redemption, 104– 6on education, 44, 94, 94– 95, 134, 154on emotions, 37– 38, 41– 42, 77, 108,

120– 21, 125, 148, 150, 151, 177on hatred, 120– 21on human nature, 48, 64– 65, 109,

151– 52, 156, 158, 175, 179– 80, 180– 81

on identity (Latin American), 35– 36, 38, 41, 62, 71, 107– 8, 142– 43

on imperialism, 18– 19, 40, 69– 70, 70– 71, 107– 8, 110– 11, 127, 130– 31, 140, 142– 43, 156, 183

on intuition, 37– 38, 150, 161– 62on love, 14, 120– 23, 124organicism of, 10, 12, 28– 29, 37, 42,

42– 43, 78– 79, 88, 94– 95, 102, 104– 6, 125, 134, 137, 150– 51, 174, 175, 176, 181

on races, 71in relation to polemicists, 8, 28,

36– 37, 39– 40, 66, 87, 88, 93, 98– 99, 102, 147, 148– 49, 176

on science, 28, 37, 66, 94, 100– 101, 123– 24, 170

on sensitivity, 178on suffering, 179totalizing thought, 5– 7, 13, 72– 73,

112, 145, 150, 151, 175– 76See also culture; development,

global; dignity; ethics; freedom; knowledge, nature of; Marx, Karl; and individual works

Marx, Karlon alienation, 82– 84, 111, 164historical materialism, 3– 4, 13, 100,

105, 112, 115– 20, 137, 141, 176and Martí, 44, 88, 152naturalism of, 3, 36, 44, 88, 93, 96,

100– 101, 106, 115– 16, 118, 124, 152, 169, 188n10

realism of, 44, 84, 88, 111– 12, 165, 188n10

relation to Hegel, 116, 118on rights, 116on self- understanding, 83, 88, 116–

17, 118, 140species essence, 10, 82– 84, 101, 102,

108– 9, 111– 12on well- being, 14– 15, 158– 59See also ethics; and individual works

meaningfulness, 14, 38, 39, 40, 81– 82, 83, 84, 85, 98, 126, 128, 145, 152– 56, 160, 175, 180

Mello, Selton, 17, 18, 36

Index ● 213

Mercado, Manuel, 93Merton, Thomas, 81, 92, 94, 97, 102,

106, 116, 117, 136– 37, 141, 151, 160, 161, 173, 174, 178, 179, 180

Mészáros, Istvan, 43, 91, 92Mill, John Stuart, 24, 40, 90, 100Mills, Charles, 25– 26, 106, 127Mills, Claudia, 24– 25Minà, Gianni, 27, 34, 45, 66– 67, 77,

127, 142, 156, 159Moncada Barracks, 72, 138Montecristi Manifesto (José Martí), 10,

41, 107, 114, 145, 151Montejo, Estevan. See Biography of a

Runaway SlaveMorales, Evo, 56, 139moral incentives. See agency; Guevara,

Ernesto “Che”morality. See ethicsmoral reasons. See agencyMorrison, Toni, 59– 60, 79, 129– 30, 135motivation. See agencyMPLA. See People’s Movement for the

Liberation of Angola“My Verses” (José Martí), 104, 105, 148,

177, 178

Nagel, Thomas, 58Namibia, 50, 51, 52, 53, 68naming. See Freire, Paulo; kindsNarayan, Deepa, 10, 153, 155national integrity. See “Political Prison in

Cuba”naturalistic realism. See knowledge,

nature ofnature of ideas, 103, 105

See also kinds; knowledge, nature ofNeto, Agostinho, 47, 49, 50Newton, Isaac, 9, 30, 44, 100nonpersons, 87, 119, 140, 143, 160normativity. See agencyNorth Atlantic philosophy, 7, 38, 89North Vietnam, 51Nzegwu, Nkiru, x, 26, 69, 74, 129, 173

Obama, Barrack, 54objectivity, 4, 74– 76, 84– 85, 86, 87,

126, 145, 155– 56, 157– 58, 170, 186n13

See also ethics; knowledge, nature ofO’Connor, Flannery, 141, 143On the Jewish Question (Karl Marx), 82,

101Operation Carlota, 49, 50Organisation for Economic Cooperation

and Development (OECD), 31Organization of American States (OAS),

19, 26, 32, 54Ortiz, Sister Diana, 34Orwell, George, 12, 75, 116, 117, 164, 168“Our America” (José Martí), 8, 10, 11,

12, 18, 19, 28, 35, 36, 44, 69, 70, 86, 87, 95, 99, 100, 107, 112, 121, 130, 134, 143, 149, 151, 165, 180, 182, 183

oyster metaphor, 29, 74, 79, 95, 178

Palestinians, 67, 127, 128Pasolini, Pier Paulo, 105paternalism, 23, 89Paul, Saint. See Badiou, AlainPausch, Randy, 98Paz, Senel, 185n2Peled, Miko. See The General’s SonPeople’s Movement for the Liberation of

Angola (MPLA), 47, 49, 51Petras, James, 65philosophical liberalism. See liberalismPlan Integral de Salud, 55polemicists. See Cuban philosophical

polemic“Political Prison in Cuba” (José Martí),

108, 121– 23, 158Posada Carriles, Luís, 135positive and negative freedom. See

freedompositivism. See knowledge, nature ofPrieto, Abel, 63projectibility, 9, 67

See also institutions

214 ● Index

“Prologue to Juan Antonio Pérez Bonalde’s Poem of Niagara” (José Martí), 5– 6, 6, 28, 29, 35, 39, 40, 99, 109, 111, 138, 151, 171, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183

Pupo Pupo, Rigoberto, ix, 188n3Putnam, Hilary, 9, 22, 30, 44, 123, 157,

170

quiet, 97– 98, 102, 150, 187n2Quine, W. V. O., 7, 28, 85, 99, 124

Radio Martí, 132Rahnema, Majid, 154Railton, Peter, 57, 84, 141Rawls, John, 23, 78, 90, 143Reagan, Ronald, 53, 68– 69Reed, Gail, 21reflective equilibrium, 143Retamar, Roberto, 36, 145rhinoceritis, 160– 62, 168, 169, 170, 180Rich, Adrienne, 69, 157– 58Rodríguez, Pedro Pablo, 5, 6, 10, 39, 40,

41, 62, 127Rodríguez Calderón, Mirta, 115, 136Rushton, Mark, 31, 43, 65, 185n4

Sanchez de Losada, Gónzalo, 139Saney, Isaac, 34, 47, 48, 50, 52, 72Saramago, José, 29– 30Sartre, Jean- Paul, 42– 43, 78– 79, 91– 92,

97, 121, 122, 140, 160, 166Savimbi, Jonas, 51, 53, 68science, 5, 6, 22, 27, 66, 89

philosophy of, 4, 28, 37, 84– 86, 91, 112, 124– 26, 150, 152– 53, 157, 170, 176, 188n10

See also Einstein, Albert; Martí, JoséSearle, John, 19– 20, 40, 59, 60, 63, 70,

85, 130, 160, 185n7Second Declaration of Havana, 143– 44Segrest, Mab, 125, 166self- knowledge, 64– 65, 70, 73, 79, 86,

92, 106, 109, 119, 161, 171– 75

Sen, Amartya, 14, 42, 87, 127, 158– 60, 163

Shoemaker, Sydney, 129Sidgwick, Henry, 23, 90Somoza, Anostasio, 54Sophie’s Choice (William Styron), 24– 25South African Defense Forces (SADF),

50, 68South West Africa People’s Organization

(SWAPO), 51, 68Soviet Union, 47, 51, 61, 71, 75Spain, 5, 27, 97, 121, 122, 132, 182special period, 31, 32species consciousness. See Marx, Karl:

species essencespeech to medical workers, 1960 (Ernesto

“Che” Guevara), 183subjectivity, 4, 92, 106, 176Sweig, Julia, 31, 39, 185n4

Taylor, Charles, 6, 13, 28– 29, 30, 39, 48, 82, 104, 106– 7, 109, 110, 113, 148, 156, 172

Torres- Cuevas, Eduardo, 3, 84, 88, 93, 126, 130, 148, 173

To the Left of the Father (Luis Fernando Carvalho, dir.), 13, 17– 18, 20– 21, 34, 35, 36, 44– 45

Tshombe, Moise, 49twenty- first- century socialism, 44, 147

United Nations, 50, 52, 142United Nations Human Development

Index (UNHDI), 14, 78universalism, 12, 105, 163, 176universality, 58universals. See kinds

Vanier, Jean, 144, 182Varela y Morales, Félix, 3– 5, 8, 11, 12,

36, 66, 67, 83, 85– 86, 88– 89, 90, 93, 94, 98, 102, 110, 126, 147, 148, 173, 176

See also Luz y Caballero, José de la

Index ● 215

Veltmeyer, Henry, 10, 31, 43, 65, 153, 154, 185n4

verificationism, 8See also knowledge, nature of

Vietnam War, 2Vitier, Cintio, ix, 4, 12, 28, 35, 39, 71,

77, 88, 93, 94, 95, 102, 123, 123– 24, 134, 151, 176, 188n12

Vitier, Medardo, 8

wall of names, 47– 48“Wandering Teachers” (José Martí), 30,

42, 43, 44, 64, 73, 77, 103, 138, 154, 179, 182– 83

War on Democracy (John Pilger, dir.), 33– 34Washington Consensus, 31, 98Webber, Jeffrey, 3

white supremacy, 127Wilde, Oscar, 21Wilson, Robert A., x, 7, 62, 85“With All, for the Good of All” (José

Martí), 41– 42, 99, 145Wolfe, Virginia, 99– 100Wood, Allen, x, 4, 13, 36, 44, 82, 83, 88,

102, 103, 108, 116, 141, 187n1World Bank, 32, 34, 155, 172Wretched of the Earth (Frantz Fanon), 79,

122, 166

“Yoke and the Star, The” (José Martí), 96– 97, 104, 137

Zaire, 11, 104Zinn, Howard, 2