B.A.R.C-1357

unq svtMn

6

PERMANENT PHONETIC IDENTIFICATION CODEFOR RADIATION WORKERS

by

R. Khatua and S. SomasundararnHealth Physics Division

and

D. N. SrivastavaElectronics Systems Section

1987

B.A.R.C. - 1357

GOVERNMENT OF INDIAATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

I

uof

CD

PERMANENT PHONETIC IDENTIFICATION CODE

FOR RADIATION WORKERS

by

R. Khatua and S. SomasundaramHealth Physics Division

and

D.N. SrivastavaElectronics Systems Section

BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTREBOMBAY, INDIA

1987

BARC - 1 357

INIS Subject Category : F51.00

Descriptors

RADIATION DOSES

PERSONNEL MONITORING

COMPUTER CODES

IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS

INDIA

PERSONNEL

RECORDING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

This report describes a system of self-checking s^ntt and

easily memorisable 4-digit "Permanent Phonetic Radiation Code"

(PPRC) using radix 128 for Indians occupationally exposed to

radiation, to facilitate entry of all radiation dose data pertaining

to an individual in a single record of a file.

The logic of PPRC is computer compatible. The necessary

computer program has been developed in Health Physics Division for

printing the PPRCs in Devanagari script through dot-matrix printers

for making it understandable to the majority of the persons

concerned.

1. INTRODUCTION

The International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP) has recommended [1] that individual monitoring of radiationworkers should be carried out in case the annual doses are likely toexceed 15 mSv (1.5 rem); the personal dose records of all suchworkers should be properly maintained 12". Workers may receive dosesfrom external radiation or from internally deposited radionuclides[3]. Personnel monitoring badges inccrporating dental-size x-rayfilms (for x- and gamma-rays), nuclear emulsions or solid-statenuclear track detectors (for neutrons), photoluminescent glass orthermoluminescent dosimeters are used for monitoring doses fromexternal radiation. Analysis of excreta (urine, faeces) and whole-body radioactivity counting is conducted for assessment of internaldose. ICRP Publication [4] gives values of annual limit of intake(ALI) and derived air concentration for this purpose.

The dose received by radiation workers in India is, atpresent, evaluated by the following agencies of BARC:

(1) Division of Radiological Protection (DRP) by meansof film badge and thermoluminescent dosimeters wornon body (for beta & gamma) and special badgescontaining nuclear emulsions (for neutrons);

(2) Units of Health Physics Division at the installationsusing direct reading dosimeters;

(3) Bioassay Group of Internal Dosimetry Section (IDS),Health Physics Division (HPD) through measurement ofradionuclides excreted in urine and faeces of theradiation workers;

(4) IDS and other HPD units, after determining the

radionuclides deposited in the body of radiation

workers by means of whole body counters;

(5) HPD units: internal dose froa H by urine-analysis of

radiation workers of the heavy water reactors at site;

(6) HPD unit, Jaduguda, by measuring radon in exhaled air

(radium burdens);

(7) HPD unit, Jaduguda, with the help of solid state

nuclear track detectors (inhalation exposure of radon

daughters). Personnel radon dosimeters axe used to a

limited extent for assessing internal dose due to

inhalation of the short-lived alpha-emitting daughter

products of radon-222.

2. PROBLEMS OF DOSE AGGREGATION AND DOSE HISTORY

In the present system, when a worker is assigned radiation

work in one installation, he is issued one (or more) personnel

monitoring badge(s), which he must return after work in that

installation is completed or after a specified period (usually 1 to

2 months), whichever is earlier. With this system, it is probable

that a person working in more than one installation may receive

doses less than the permissible level in each installation, but the

total dose may sometime exceed the annual limit [5].

Moreover, since different numbering systems to suit the

individual installations are followed at present for the personnel

monitoring badge, when a particular individual works in several

installations during the same period, he is allotted several

personnel monitoring badge numbers, which are different. To

determine the total dose of such an individual, although

theoretically possible, is simply impractical.

Further, when a radiation worker is transferred from one

radiation installation to another one, he is allotted a new

personnel monitoring badge number and is treated as a fresh

radiation worker who has received zero dose till that date, although

he might have already accumulated some dose. The transfer of

experienced and skilled radiation workers is quite common. With more

and more nuclear power plants being commissioned, and several

radiation installations being established, the transfer of radiation

workers will become a routine affair. Often, for administrative

reasons, when a radiation worker is transferred (or resigns) from

one nuclear installation, hi3 personnel monitoring badge number is

re-allotted to another radiation worker, thereby giving rise to

further complications; the old allottee's accumulated dosa is

carried to the account of the new alxottee.

There has been a long-felt need for a unique system of

identifying radiation workers, so that the total dose received by an

individual exposed to external or internal sources, in one or

several installations, can be routinely and efficiently aggregated,

and measures can be taken to avoid over-exposures.

3. THE CONCEPT OF PERMANENT RADIATION IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

To solve this problem, it is proposed that a permanent

identifying number may be allotted to each radiation worker, which

remains invariant throughout his life, irrespective of his place of

work. With this arrangement, all the exposures received by him in

various installations can be easily entered in a single record of a

file, from which the cumulative value as well as the coaplete

radiation history of the person can be readily obtained.

4.REQUIREMENTS OF THE PERMANENT NUMBER

The permanent identification number must reveal particulars

such as year of birth, sex, and it should be possible to allot it on

the spot by any local office without reference to the central

agency. Moreover, it should be self-checking, so that any mistake in

writing, or feeding to conputer, may be immediately detected. Since

it has to be invariant throughout the life of a person, it should be

short and easily memorisable. Any identification formula based on

decimal numbers, will be too long to be easily memozisable, or to be

referred to, on every occasion. And if it is not extensively used,

the main purpose of integrated accounting of radiation data will be

defeated.

5. APPLICATION OF PHONETIC NUMBERS

The problem of long numbers in respect of personal

identification can be easily solved by the application of Phonetic

Numbers, recently put forward by Srivastava [f,7]. The phonetic

numbezs have radix 126. Their basic numerals, of value 0 through

127, are SEonosound and they consist of alphabetically taken 16

consonant and 3 vowel sounds, common to all Indian languages (Table

1). Because of their high radix and systematic selection of basic

numerals, phonetic numbers are short and easily memorisable; and

they possess very high information density.

6, BADGE IDENTIFICATION

Based or? the concept of phonetic numbers, a four-digit

Permanent Phonetic Radiation Code (PPRC) has been evolved (Fig. 1)

for the identification of radiation workers. In this code, the first

digit (from the left) indicates the year of birth of the individual.

For the codification of Christian years into phonetic, the year 2000

AD is taken as reference point, and years of the 20th and 21st

centuries are counted backward and forward respectively, as detailed

in Table 2 and Table 3. By this scheme, the phonetic year code

recycles after every 128 years, accounting for 128 years of human

age and making the scheme perpetual.

The second digit will indicate the office of allotment

according to a scheme to be prepared, in due course, on all-India

basis. Although it is possible to indicate upto a maximum of 128

issuing offices by the second digit, the bulk allotment may be done

by the central agency initially.

The third digit can be randomly taken. The vowel sound of

the last (4th) digit will be utilized to indicate male/female, and

the consonant of the last digit will be used as a check-code, which

will have mathematical relationship with the three earlier digits

and the vowel of the fourth digit.

In this manner it is possible to generate nearly 16.78

million 4-digit unique PPRCs. The total number of radiation workers

(including Research, Medical & Industrial institutions) in India was

about 32,400 in 1985 and is increasing at the rate of about 1,000

per year during the last few years. Thus there will not be any

shortage of 4-digit unique PPRCs to meet the demands in furure.

7. CHECK-CODE

For proper accounting, and for preventing entry of data

belonging to one person into the record of someone else, it is

extremely essential that the PPRC is correctly written. To ensure

this, a self-checking scheme of PPRC has been devised, according to

which the 16 consonants are given values 0 through 15 (Table 4) and

the 8 vowels, 0 through 7 (Table 5). These values are multiplied by

respective constants (depending on the place occupied by a

particular phonetic numeral in PPRC), as shown in Table 6. The grand

total of all the products, when divided by 16, must give the

remainder zero, if PPRC is correct. If the remainder is not zero, it

is a certain indication that a mistake must have occurred somewhere,

which should be.rectified. Table 7 lists the possible values of

grand total for correct PPRCs. The verification of the PPRC can be

done either manually through a form shown in Table 6, or by a

suitable computer software. A computer software can be easily

developed so that whenever a PPRC is enterec!, it is automatically

verified.

For manual verification, the four-digit PPRC is written

vertically in column 2 of the verification fort The first digit is

written in the first line; the second digit in the second line;...

and so on. Consonant values are written down from Table 4 in column

3; vowel values are written in column 5 from Table 5. The respective

multipliers are already printed in columns 3 and 5. The consonant

products are added together below the consonant column; vowel

products, below the vowel column. Then the vowel total is brought

below the consonant total and both are added to get the grand total.

The PPRC is correct if the grand total is any one of the numbers

listed in Table 7.

8. APPLICATION OF PHONETIC CODE BOOKS

To facilitate the allotment of PPRC, the phonetic code books

can be used. The phonetic code books consist of 16 volumes, numbered

0 through 15, and they have been prepared for a general scheme of

allotment of six-digit unique phonetic identity codes to citizens on

&a all-India basis . The six-digit phonetic identity code for a

* "A ph^nstic number system: The Phonetic number system evolved inBARC 'BJ.RC Haws letter No. 15) has been accepted by the government of

U. nutr.bar Civilian Identity Cards. A pilot project for its-tamentatian has consmsnced. Because of the intricate mathematics

involvfi'1 in the construction of the numbers, phonetic code bookswere yrspared by Electronics Systems Section to implement theprogram. The system is designed in such a way that a person withprimaxy level of education can work with phonetic identity numbers."

8ARC Mews Letter No.38, Page No.2 (January 1967).

citizen consists of two parts -- the first three digits (on the

left) are called place code and the last three digits (on the right)

are called personal code. They are separated by a hyphen. The

purpose of the phonetic code book is mainly to give the last three

digits. The last but two digits, representing year of birth in the

general scheme is printed on the top of each page. Corresponding to

any last but two digits, there are 1024 mathematically possible

combinations (pairs) of last two digits which are separated into two

pages — 512 pairs for males and 512 pairs for females, according to

the ending vowel sound. In the phonetic code book, male pairs are

given on odd-numbered pages and female pairs, on even-numbered

pages. In the general scheme of phonetic identity codes for

citizens, the place code is written on the front cover of the book,

and the same when prefixed to the personal code determined from the

code book, forms a six-digit, math statically consistent and self-

checking identity code.

In using these general code books for the allotment of the

four-digit PPRC, a slightly different procedure, detailed below, has

to be adopted:

(1) The year of birth and its phonetic code (the first digit

of PPRC) will have to be written on the front cover of the

code book. To determine the volume number corresponding to

any given year of birth, the consonant and the vowel values

{taken froia Tables 4 & 5) for the year code are multiplied

by 3 and 7 respectively. The products are then added

together and the total, so arrived at, is divided by 16.

The remainder gives the volume number. The volume number of

code books for 20th century, are listed in Table 9. Hence,

it will require 100 code books (only about 50 at any one

time) to allot PPRCs to all the radiation workers born

in this century in India.

(2) The year of birth written at the top of each page has to

be ignored, but its phonetic code has to be retained, and

that will be the second digit of PPRC and will indicate the

office of allotment.

(3) The pair of last two digits given below a (top) second digit

can be taken either sequentially or randomly. Since there is

great abundance of phonetic codes, it may be possible, in

some of the cases, to match the sound of the third digit

with the first phonetic character of the name of the

individual to whom it is allotted.

(4) The 4-digit PPRC, so constructed, satisfies the mathematical

requirements of the formula.

9. ALLOTMENT OF PPRC

Most of the PPRC will be allotted by central office.

However, in limited cases, the requisite pages of the code book will

be supplied to some local offices where PPRC can be allotted on the

spot, depending on the exigencies of the situation.

10. COMPUTERISATION OF DATA WITH PPRC

For computer systems, every radiation worker is identified

by a tag used for storing information pertaining to the individual

concerned. What type of tag is used for identifying an individual is

immaterial, as long as the tag is correctly used for referring to

the concerned individual during storing or retrieving of the

information. With the acceptance of PPRC scheme, necessary computer

software will be developed for entering information and also for

ietxieval of the same.

Since phonetic numbers have radix 128, each phonetic numeral

can be reperesented by a group of 7 bits. Table 10 shows how a long

binary number transforms when written in octal, hex and phonetic

systems. The 7-bit representation of phonetic numerals permits one

to denote 16 consonants by 4 bits and the 8 vowels by 3 bits. Since

for a given consonant, each vowel-step changes the value of numeral

by one unit, the 4-bit consonant part goes to left and the 3-bit

vowel part goes to the right. Based on this principle, a scheme of

binary representation of phonetic numerals has been put forward in

Table 11.

As a corollary to this, it is possible to represent 4 left

bits corresponding to consonants by hex numerals (0 through 9 and A

through F) and the 3 right bits corresponding to vowels, by octal

numerals (0 through 7). Hence, the scheme given in Table 11 can be

abbreviated for each phonetic numeral by a unique pair of characters

— the left one of which corresponds to hex-numerals representing

consonant and the right one, to octal-numerals representing the

vowel. This abbreviation permits one to prepare a hex-octal scheme

to represent phonetic numerals, as given in Table 12.

For entering any number to a machine, the number of keys

required is generally equal to the radix of the number system; for

example, decimal numbers require 10 keys (0 through 9). But hex-

octal representation of phonetic numerals makes it possible to feed

all the 128 phonetic numerals by only 16 keys, because for entering

8 numbers (0 through 7) same eight keys can be used whether they

belong to hexadecimal or octal system (Fig. 2). At the tine of

processing, any number or information has to be converted into

binary system by the computer software. Even the decimal numbers

have to be converted into binary system either through their binary

equivalents or through binary coded decimal scheme.

In the hex-octal mode of feeding phonetic numbers to the

computer, no conversion is required. The string of 4 bits

corresponding to the hex number generated when the key is pressed

first, will precede a string of 3 bits generated by pressing later

the key corresponding to the octal number, in the same byte. The

collection of 7 bits, straight becomes the binary equivalent of the

phonetic numeral. The hex-octal representation of phonetic numbers

10

enables one to read phonetic numerals by the hex-octal pairs quite

readily without the necessity of any calculation. Hence, it can be

used to print phonetic numerals by those machines which cannot print

Devanagari characters. It can also be used to quote PPRC in

correspondence with any outside agency which nay not be familiar

with the phonetic system. The 4-digit PPRCs when written in hex-

octal representation will become 8-digit codes. In this context it

is worth mentioning .that the Film Badge and TLD numbers used by DRP

at present, are also 8-digit ones.

Since the order of consonants and vowels in the phonetic

number system is alphabetical, phonetic numbers possess a unique

property — that is the numerical order is same as the alphabetical

order, as illustrated in Figure 3. Therefore, any person who has

only primary level of education through any regional Indian language

in which phonetic numbers are written, can arrange a set of phonetic

numbers in the numerical order simply by following the alphabetical

sequence, without knowing the concept of base 128 or other

mathemeatical intricacies of the new number system. At every level

the arrangement made manually according to the alphabetical sequence

will be same as what the computer will do numerically.

The same principle applies to the hex-octal representation

of PPPXs (Fig. 3). la this representation though each odd-placed

numeral {from the lefty belongs to the hex system and the even-

placed numeral belongs to the octal system, one can ignore their

this difference and go on arranging in the decimal order itself and

only to rcaeajrer that A through F, whenever they occur, are

sequentially higher than 9. Barring some computers of Russian origin

(like BESM-6), 0 through 9 and A through F are considered to be in

the ascending order by most of the present-day computers. Thus the

hex-octal representation of PPRis permits their processing by

machines which may not be able to handle Indian alphabets.

11

Most: of the modern computers are compatible with dot-matrix

printers (available at around Rs.18,000/- a piece), which can be

easily used for printing PPRCs in Devanagari ox any other required

Indian script, through suitable computer softwares.

11. REQUISITE COMPUTER SOFTWARE ALREADY AVAILABLE IN BARC

The conputsr software has already been developed [8] in BARC

for converting inputs in hex-octal (Table 12), or in alpha-numeric

(Table 13} or in pure-alpha (Table 14} node, into the corresponding

'phonetic codes', which can be printed by dot-matrix printers with

double-pass of the print-head. A sample of phonetic characters

printed by a dot-matrix printer is shown in the Table 15. Because of

the upper and lower annotations of vowels (and some consonants) in

Indian scripts, the print-head has to pass four tines to facilitate

the printing of sain characters as well as the accompanying upper

and lower annotations, with dot-matrix printers presently marketed

by Indian manufacturers. In this respect, the computer software

developed in Health Physics Division of BARC, is an improvement over

the currently available facilities in the market.

12. TYPICAL PPRCs

Some typical PPRCs for some 'assumed radiation workers' of

DAE have been constructed, and they are shown in Table 16. Although

the PPRCs do not, in fact, convey any relationship to the attributes

of the person for whom they are intended, their sounds are not

unpleasant. They can be easily memorised even after hearing only

once, and are quite short to be referred to frequently.

13. CONCLUSION

A vast majority of radiation workers in India are covered by

the personnel monitoring service of the Division of Radiological

Protection (DRP). Doses from external sources are monitored by film

badges, which are processed at a central facility of DRP at Trombay,

12

or by TLD's which axe evaluated either in the central facility at

Tronbay or in the local laboratories at different sites. Doses from

internal sources are evaluated by either whole-body radioactivity

counting or by bioassay. Facilities for internal dose assessment

have been set up by Health Physics Division (HPD) at Trombay and

also at different nuclear installations of DAE. The doses received

by an individual from external and internal sources in one

installation are entered in separate files. It is quite laborious to

aggregate these data from the multiplicity of dose records to obtain

the total dose received by an individual in a year.

The adoption of PPRCs, proposed here, will facilitate

correlation and entry of all radiation dose data for an individual

in a single record of a file. This will help in following up more

closely the radiation doses received by the individual from

different sources and at different installations, and as a

consequence, in avoiding inadvertant accumulation of doses above the

annual dose limit recommended by ICRP. Even if the individual is

transferred from one institution to another permanently, his

radiation dose data will be continued to be entered in his account

at the central agency. It will help in maintaining e complete

radiation dose history of the individual for several years. Such a

dose history may be useful for legal purposes, if the need arises.

It can also be valuable for any biomedical studies of long-term

effects of low-level radiation in occupationally exposed persons.

The FPRCs are short, easily memorisable and computer

compatible. Their implementation will soon eliminate the general

misunderstandings prevailing amongst radiation workers regarding the

maintenance of dose records and establish healthy and mutual

confidence and trust in all the agencies concerned.

13

14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors axe grateful to Shri R.K. Nigam, Head,Elctronics Systems Section, and Shri R. Sadagopan, DRP, foxdiscussions. They are also grateful to Shri S.D. Soman, AssociateDirector, Radiological Group, and Shri T. Subbaratnaa, Head, HealthPhysics Division, for their interest and co-operation in thissubject.

Thanks are also due to Shri V.K. chaddha, Electronics SystemSection, for going through the manuscript.

14

REFERENCES:

1. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological

Protection, ICRP Publication 9 (adopted on 17-9-1965), Page No.20,

{ also ICRP Publication 26 (1976)} Pergamon Press, London.

2. Basic Safety Standards for Radiation protection, IAEA Safety

Series No.9, IAEA, Vienna (1967).

3. General Principles of Monitoring for Radiation Protection of

workers, ICRP Publication 35, Annals of ICRP, Vol.9, No.4, Pergamon

Press, Oxford (1982).

4. Limits of Intake of Radionuclides by workers, ICRP Publication

30, Annals of ICRP, Vol. 2, No.3/4, Fsrgamon Press, Oxford (1979).

5. R. Rhatua and T. N. Krishnamurthi, "Analysis of Personnel

Radiation Exposures in BARC and other units cf DAE for the year

1982", BARC/I-777 (1983).

6. D. N. Srivastava, "A computerised Phonetic Number System for

Internal Security of the Nation", BARC-1251 (1985).

7. D, N. Srivastava,"Self-checking All purpose Phonetic Identity

Number System for Security and Welfare", BARC-1287 (1985).

8. S. Scuasundaram, M.M.K. Suri and R. Khatua, "Computerised Output

of Phonetic Codes in Devanagari Script by Dot-matrix printers",

BARC-1358 (1987)-.

Table 1 : FORMATION OF THE NUMERALS OF THE PHONETIC 128-AL NUMBER SYSTEM BY

SINGLE SOUND CHARACTER OF INDIAN SCRIPTS;AND THEIR DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS

Phonetic

*r

% . #

* . * 3

%

%r. c^n

4*r

<r

ft . fl

n , II

* • * 3

Jtt . »TT3

Dec.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Phonetic

ft . 3r

1 • ^i» . ^ 3

ft

% • %3

fc . &

d . d3

Dec.

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28.

29

3 30

31

Phonetic

i f

*T

ft , §\

51 , v\

vn • «i3

err

ft . tf

3 • ^

If

Dec.

32

33

34

35

36

37

} 38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

3 46

47

Phonetic

*rr

S • ^?* . ?I3

«TT. * 3

cTT

ft . it-

I -•%>

%

ir • tn

f t

Dec.

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

Phonetic

T

*T

ft . 4t

3,- 1% • %3

% . %3

TM . HI

XI X3

^ • ^ 3

^r

Dec

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

Phonetic

S

arr

f«l . 3t

5 • 1% . %3

1( IT . ^T3

Ir

ft . t

^1 • 2|3

Dec.

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

' 9 3

3 94

95

Phonetic

^ . ^ 3

% . %3

cTT

Tel . ^ t

^ . ^ 3

£r .^ r :

Dec-

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

1 110

111

Phonetic

m

3 • k̂% . %3

Ir

^r . ^t3

%

1 • ^

Dec.

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

3 126

127

Isfcla.

BIRTH YEAR COOE

1872

1873

1874

1875

1876

1877

1878

1879

1880

1881

1882

1883

1884

1885

1886

1887

1883

ms

1830

less

18S2

tl

\ nnI tsoo

1901

IS 02

1903

Si

*T

nmft

ft

ftft

It

it

'(FT

ir

2 r PHONETIC: YEAR CODE FOR 19TH

OF THE PHONETIC

1904

1905

. 1906

1907

1908

1909

.1910

1911

1912

1913

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920

1S21

1922

1923

1S24

192S

192S

1927

1928

'929

153 0

1931

1332

1933

1934

1335

Sift^r

fteft&a*

i n

s$t

5̂It

«T

i

ft

Ik 2OTH

IDENTITY NUM8ER

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1943

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1956

1959

I960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

ft

%%3r

TT

ft3

3T

it

1&1&

ft%ft

CENTURY

FOR 19tha20thCENTURY

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

197S

1979

1380

1961

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

199S

1996

1997

1998

1999

X

ft

>

ft

or

Ik3r

m

&

n 1

5T

ft

T A B L E ' - 3 P H O N E T I C Y E A R C O D E F O R 2 1 ST A N D 2 2 N D C E N T U R Y

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

22

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

0

O

0

0

0

0

oo

0

o

00

o0

0

o

0

0

o0

o0

0

0

o0

o0

2 0

2

2

2

o0

o

0

0

0

o

0

0

0

0

0

o

11

1

i

1

1

1

11

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0I

2

3

4

5

6

78

9

0

1

23

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

v

5JT

*

Cf> |

*T

'̂

HTTTT

37

^ r

ftdd

#r

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

22

2

2

2

22

2

2

• 2

2

2

2

0 3

0 3

2

3

0 3 4

0 3

0 3

O 3

0 3

O 3

5

6

7

8

9

O4O

O 4

0 4

0 40 4

0 4

0 4

O 4

0 4

0 4O5

0 5

0 5

0 5

0 50 5

O 50 5

0 5

O 5

1

23

4

5

fr7

8

9O

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

9

0 60

0 6

2O 6

2 O 6

1

2

3

#r

3r

eft

*r

eftcfr

*ft

frMy

fr

tit

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

0 6 4

O 6 5

0 6 6

0 67

0 68

069

O7O

07 1

2O72

2

22

2

2

2

2

2

22

2

2

2

22

2

2

2

O73

07407507 6

0 77

0 78

O 7 9

O 80

0 8 1O8 2

083

084

08 5

08 6O87

088089

O9O

2O9 1

2O9 2

2

2

2

O9 3

094

0 95

5TT

mfr

^

frar

^ t

*

it

*rr

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

22

2

2

2

22

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

A N D

O

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

!

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

!

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

sc

9 6

9 7

98

9 9

OO

0 1

O 2

O 3

0 4

O 5

0 60 7O 8

0 9

1 0

1 1

! 2

1 31 4.

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 81 9

2 O

21

2 2

23

2 4

2 5

2 6

2 7

2 8

O N .

X

XT

f t•*>

fr

eft

JEJTV[ 1

ft

ft 1

Q |

T a b l e 4

CONSONANT VALUES FOR CHECK-CODS

Consonant

Value

Consonant

Value

0

8

1

tT

9

2

3*

1 0

3

IT

11

4

7

12

5

1 3

6

*r

14

7

?

15

Table

VOWEL VALUES FOR CHECK-CODE

Vowel

Value 0 1 2 3 4 5

3*t

6 7

Table 6

CHECK CONSTANTS FOR PPRC

Digi t (from l e f t )

For Consonants

For vowels

t

3

7

2

5

i

3

7

5

4

1

6

Table 7

PERMISSIBLE VALUES OF GRAND TOTAL FOR PPRC

0

16

32

4S

64

80

9 6 _ j

112

128

144

160

176 |

192

208

224

2 4 0

256

272

288

304

320

336

352

368

Table 8

PPRC VERIFICATION K)HM

LI GIT(fromleft)(1) (2)

CONSONANT VOWEL

Value Product(4)

Value(5)

Product(6)

1st x 5

2nd

3rd

x 5

x 7

4 th x 1

X 1

x 5

x 6

{Checkedby

Consonant total

vowel total

Date !Grand total

Vowd t o ta l

PPRC correct

PPRC incorreot

TABLE:?. VOLUME NO. OF PHONETIC CODE BOOKS FOR' PPRC FOR 2OTH CENTURY.

YEAR

I9O 1

I 9 O 2I 9 O 3I 9 O 4

I9O5

190 6I 9 O 7I9O 8

19091919

19

1919

19

1 91 9

19 1

191

IO1 i

1 2

1 314

1 5

1 67

8

91920192 1

1922

1 923i 924i 925

! 9261 9271928

i 929

i 93O193 1

193 2

YEARCODE

3

aft*14

tfrIT

a

?3T

VOLNO

12

3101 23

1018

1561 3

1 56

1 34

1 12

9029

O

71 45

1235

12

3IO

1

YEAR

1933

1934193519361937

193819391 94O

1 94 11 9421 94 3

1 9441 9451 94 61 94 7

1 9481 9491 95O1 951

1 9521 953

i 9541 9551 9561 957

1 9581 95 9i 96O

1 96 1

i 9621 963

1 964

1 965

YEARCODE

57tt?r

m

%

TTft

1

9

fta

an*rr

VOLNO

8

156

B

1 5

6

1 34

1 1

29

1 1

29

O

7145

12

145

1 2

3

IO1

8i 51

6

156

13

4

YEAR

1966

19671968

196919701971

1972(973

197419751976

197 71978

1979I98O

1981I 982I 9831 98419851966

1987

1986

19891 99O

199119921993

t 9 94

1 9951 996

1 9 97

1998I 999

YEARCODE

3T

XI

ftsr§rri?t5s

«rm

| v

VOLNO.

! I

24

t 12

9

07

1 457

1 4

51 2

3

101

810

18

1 56

1 34

1 1134

1 1

29

O

714

' -•?av..SO-T/':;-?; OF A.Nw^SH IN BINARY, OCTAL, HEX AND PHONETIC NUMBER SYSTEMS

NUMBER3TSTI3!

DECIMAL

BINARY

OCTAL

HEX

PHONETIC

1 1

1 1

7

1

1

1

1 1

ONE

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

7

1 1

F

1 1

DIGIT

CONSONANT

1 1

1 1

VOWEL

1

1

1

1

REPBESENTATION

2 0

1

1

7

1

F

1

9 5 5 9 2

1 1 0

1

1

1 0

0

0

4

1 0 0

1

1

1

1

1

1

7

1

9

1 1 0 0 1

1

1

ONI DIGIT

CONSONANT VOlEL

A

1

£

1

ONE

1

1

1

1

0

0

5

0

0

1

1

1

1

DIGIT

CONSONAM

8

0

0

0

8

0

0

0

0

0

0

VOWEL

a

0

Q

0

0

HO. OPDIGITS

7

21

7

6

3

code

o

o

O

X

ii

i

i

t

i

i

—

o

O

o—

— 1

o

o

o

o<•"*:• i

oo

•Si _ AC C' 1u J i;: >\

i

H1H<?

/fa

ftro

' * i\

i

VK

, { ' / ' •

'0

J-. "*"

"'J C-

c r;u o

'1/ O

ooo

o

oooo

oooo

ooooo

oooo

oooooo

ocooo

coocooo

v

ooo

„oo

o

000

o

oo

oo

oo

o

oo

oo—ooo

oo— •

oo

n

o—.

• • >

oo

—1

oo

oo

o

o

oo

oo

o

ooo

o

oo—•o

ooo

oo

oo

—.o

oooor—•

oo

K/

i

o—.o

o

o

__.

c

o

o

Oo

—•o

o•—•o

oo•—•»-•o

oo.—»-•o

oo

o

—.o

oo

o

oco

ooc

oooc

8o

ooz>oo

ooDo

o3o

>̂

o

oo

c

o

co

o

oo

oo

o

o

o

oo™

o

O '

o

ooo

—•o

o

o

o

o

oo

ooo

oo—

oo•—1

o

oD

—

oooD*—.

o

o

-—

o

o

oo_

—*

o-—-

oo# • - •

•—1

o

o

-̂.1—.

• — .

o,o• v *

• - 4

• - »

o

oco

o

oco

ooco

ooooo

oooo

oonoo

oDoo

oooooo

^

o: • >

o

ao

o

oo

o„oo

oo„oo

ooo

oo

oo

oo— •

oo

oooo

T

o

oo

o

o

o

oo

o

ooo

o

ooo

ooo

o

oor>

o

ooooo

oo

o

o

o

o

o

oo_,o

o

o

oo

•—o

oo

o

ooo

o

• — •

o

oo—

o

oo

ooo

oooo—

ooo

oooo

ooo

oooo—

w

oo

o

o

o

o

o

oo

o

oo

oo

o

ooo

oooo

o

o

o

o

oo

ooo

—

oo—

or>o

ao

—

oooo

—

_• - •

o

,^

o

—•

oo^̂• M l

— •

a

oo

oo»̂* — •

~

ooo^̂•—

M

ii

j

M

K -

OC

TiL

1

aaaB)

O

o

OE

CH

MA

LI

"8

DE

CI-

MA

LH

EX

-O

CTA

LP

HO

^ED

EC

I-M

AL

HE

X-

OC

TA

L

. ...

ft:siIO

J O

• go

togo

- S ^~-

t

|

' - • ^ *

112

1

oUl

oo

•"

g

o

te

to

aco

o

*

o

f—r

0

o

2

u!

IF

U

<

•n

S

If

-?

CO

&

3

v7

i?

—_.

UJ

CO

(N

o

Nto

CMCO

oin

fvjin

S

rv

< &

sr--<

o

<n

UJ

&

o>

O

1*

CD

s

5

CO

t n

S3

«

116

1

•vTUJ

1OO

v l

o

(0

v j

CO

vloo

•o

v l

AS

o

vj

o

inUi

1O

I

tnU

o

inCO

inCD

*

!5

^V

!S

fvl

ino

118

1

CDUI

ZO

l

CO

o

*>

.sCO

o

COCO

*

COCO

(Dr>

•

CO

o

11

9

I

fvUJ

«£

o

tv

o

KCO

<m

CV.CO

-rtf

VIm

&

t>

fv

*

O

o

he/

0

oo

15

oCD

oCO

PC

(V

oen

V

\rt

oCV.

9o

itn

o

CO

o

-

&

tn0

O

s

CO

K

tn

—

-1O

6

O

8

<z>

4F

?

S

S)

R

5f

i n

o

R

o

IO7

O

CO

?

en

i n

mIv,

s?

Nrv

-

v l

o>O

Q

(X

•o

0o

A*

•t

vtin

<sm

v l

*x

v l

t n

^ y

0

o

inCO

m

R

i n

intn

on*

l / l

(X

CO

o

CDO

'Tp

c>

CO

CCI

CO

(V<3

COIV.

(Oin

0n

CO

< *

CO

tv

-

tv

o

ift

rvCO

o

(71

- » &

n

tvIV.

tvm

S

Iv,

^

Table 13

WRITING PHONETIC; NUMERALS IN ENGLISH (AlPHA-MMEBIC MODE)

Phonecic

KO

Kl

K2

K3

K4

K5

K6

K7

GO

G!

G2

G3

G4

G5

C6

G7

Dec.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

il

12

13

14

15

Phonetic

CO

Cl

C2

C3

C4

C5

C6

C7

QO

Ql

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Oee J

J6

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Phaoeeic

JO

Jl

J2

J3

J4

J5

J6

J7

TO

Tl

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

Dec.

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

Phonecic

TO

Fl

F2

F3

F4

F5

F6

F7

DO '

Dl

D2

D3

Di

D5

D6

D7

Dec.

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

Phonetic

SO

SI

N2

S3

N4

N'5

N'6

N'7

PO

PI

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P7

Dec.

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

Phonetic

BO

Bl

32

B3

B4

B5

K6

B7

MO

Ml

M2

M3

M4

M5

M6

M7

Dec.

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

Phonetic

RO

RI

R2

R3

Rft

R5

R6

R7

LO

LI

L2

L3

L4

L5

16

L7

Dec.

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

no

111

Phonecic

SO

SI

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

HO

HI

H2

H3

H4

H5

H6

H7

Dec,

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

-

Table 14

WHITING PFUSTIC NUMERALS IN ENGLISH (PURE AlPHA MODE)

Phonetic.

K2

KA

KI

Kli

K£

KY

KO

KW

G2

GA

GI

GU

GE

GY

CO

GV

'I• I2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

il

12

(3

14

15

c A

r* r

ci;

CY

CO

CV

QZ

QA

QI

QL-

QE

QV

QO

qu

i •• '

u!

.9

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

J::

J-

Jl'

JE

JV

JO

JW

TZ

TA

TI

TU

TE

TY

TO

TV

; . : r:-c.j,_^.^. j u.

3 1134

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

4

P'.io'ieti"

I"'7

F.-.

FI

FU

F£

FY

FO

FV

DZ

DA

DI

,DU

DE

DY

DO

DU'

Dec.

48

49

j50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

Phonetic

ill

NA

NI

NU

NE

MY

NO

NU'

PZ

PA

PI

PU

PE

PY

PO

PW

Dec.

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

Phonetic

BZ

BA

Bl

BU

BE

BY

BO

BW

MZ

1MA

MI

m76JME

77

78

79

tn

MO

Dec.

80

81

82

83

84

85

&5.

87

E3

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

Phonetic

RZ

RA

RI

&U

RE

RY

RP

RW

• LZ

LA

LI

LU

LE

LY

LO

LW

Dec.

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

1C9

110

HI

Pbooecic

SZ

SA

SI

SU

SE

SY

SO f

Stf

HZ

HA

HI

HU

HE

HY

HO*

HW

Dec.

112

113

in

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

(25

!27

Table 15. Phonetic Characters printed by a Dot-natrix Printer

TABLE i > TYPICAL PPRC FOR SOME ASSUMED RADIATION WORKERS

SR.NO

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 O

1 1

1 2

NAME

snrar wr?

Cm

« f ^ 1 ̂ fe ̂ 3| "HrJ 1 ̂ i I V?| ^—1 *̂*i

O k

•TldiqcTl

SEX

M

M

F

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

F

F

YEAR OF BIRTH

YEAR

I94O

1962

1937

S94 5

I960

1968

1969

1942

1947

I93O

1938

1966

BOOKNO.

4

1 5

1 5

2

1

4

1 1

2

O

3

6

1 1

YEARCODE

ft*T

VT

XI

ft

INSTITUTION OF ALLOTMENT

NAME OFINSTITUTION

B.A.R.C BOMBAY

• i

• •

NARORA ATOMICPOWER PROJECT

i t

••

MADRAS ATOMICPOWER PROJECT

•I

I I

RAJASTHAN ATOMSCPOWER STATION

M

CODE

^ j

*

*

XT

XI

TT

PPRC

«1l«^ts||

H 11 *l -HI

1 1 * 1 * ^

y*ldltt

«il<i Hlcir

Ist

DIGIT

2nd

DIGIT3 r d

DIGIT4th

DIGIT

YEAROF

BIRTH

INSTITUTION

ALLOTING

PPRCSERIAL

CONSONA-/NT /CHECK /CODE /

/VOWEL/ SEX

Fig. I. Structure of 'Permanent phonetic radiation code8

FIG. 2. HEX-OCTAL KEYS FOR GENERATING BINARYEQUIVALENTS OF PHONETIC NUMERALS.

NUMERICAL ORDER ALPHABETICAL ORDER

DECIMAL PHONETIC HEX-OCTALEQUIVALENTOF PHONETIC

160

2136

8 8 0 8

16288 SBT

0140

20B0

84 00

F740

Fig. 3. Equivalence of numerical order and alphabeticalorder in the phonetic number system.

Published by Head, Library & Informotion Services, BARC, Bombay 400 085, Indio.