API 580 - Exam Prep - - 1 File Download

1. The ability to state the rate of deterioration in specific

process equipment is often not known with confidence.

Which of the following would not be a reason for this?

A. due to the inspector's expertise

B. due to the deterioration mechanism

C. due to imitations of inspection and test methods

D. due to the damage tolerance of the equipment: D

2. Absolute Risk is:

A. Risk resulting from forces of nature, acts of God, or

sabotage

B. The manner of failure

C. Permanent Risk

D. An ideal and accurate description and quantification of

risk: D

3. According to API RP 580, failure is defined as which one of

the following?

A. Loss of toxic material

B. Loss of life

C. Loss of hazardous material

D. Loss of containment: D

4. According to API RP 580, what is risk?

A. An event driven mechanism

B. A combination of the probability of some event

occurring during a time period of interest and the

consequences associated with the event

C. The certainty of an event and the consequence

D. The evaluation of an event to compare the POF with

likelihood: B

5. According to API RP 580, what is risk?

A. The probability of some hazard occurring during a

general time period and the consequences associated with

the event.

B. A combination of the probability of some event


consequences associated with the event .

C. The certainty of an event happening and the

consequences of the event on the surrounding

environment.

D. The acceptability of an event impacting a specific

percentage of personnel, equipment, or the environment

which has been determined as collateral damage.: B

6. The accuracy of the results from a ""qualitative"" analysis is

dependent on which of the following?

A. The accuracy of all collected data

B. The use of logic models

C. The background and expertise of the analysts

D. Environmental and atmospheric considerations: C

7. The accuracy of the results from a ""qualitative"" analysis is

dependent on which of the following?




D. Environmental costs: C

8. The accuracy of the results from a "qualitative" analysis relies

on which of the following?




D. Environmental and atmospheric considerations: C

9. Activity with a potential for consequence. In a safety area,

this is called a hazard.

A. Risk Identification

B. Source

C. Risk driver

D. Consequence: B

10. Although major may not have occurred, over time, small

changes may occur and cumulatively cause significant

changes in the RBI assessment. Therefore, at a minimum,

users should establish reassessments based on which of the

following prime parameter?

A. After "significant" changes

B. After a specific period of time

C. After implementation of risk mitigation strategies

D. During maintenance turnarounds: B

11. The amount of inspection affects risk. With an initial

inspection, which of the following is true?

A. Risk will be uncertain.

B. Risk will be lowered slightly

C. Risk is significantly reduced

D. The avoidance of risk is reduced: C

12. Any individual or organization that may perceive itself to be

affected by the risk.

A. Owner

B. Process Owner

C. Risk Evaluator

D. Stakeholder: D

13. API-580 asks when to conduct a RBI reassessment and lists

several times; one of which is ""After Significant Changes"".

It goes on to list all but which of these changes?

A. RBI premises

B. Litigation

C. Significant change in process

D. Damage mechanisms/rates/severities: B

API 580 - Exam Prep -

14. API-580 damage mechanisms include which of the following:

A. Corrosion, Cracking, mechanical and metallurgical

damage.

B. Erosion, cracking, mechanical and metallurgical damage,

C. Fatigue, corrosion, cracking and Erosion

D. Creep, corrosion, cracking and fatigue: A

15. API-580 lists several units of measure in consequence

analysis. Which of the following is not one of those units of

measure listed?

A. Safety

B. Environmental damage

C. Cost

D. Damage mechanism: D

16. API RP 580 is specifically targeted at the application of RBI

in which of the following?

A. Pulp/paper industry and chemical process industries

B. API-580 does not specifically target any industry

C. Hydrocarbon and chemical process industry

D. Pressure containment: C

17. API RP 580 is targeted at the application of RBI in which of

the following?

A. Pulp/paper industry and chemical process industries.

B. Facilities covered by OSHA with toxic or hazardous

materials.

C. Hydrocarbon and chemical process industry .

D. Hydrocarbon and power utility industry.: C

18. Application of RBI can provide evidence of complete risk

management and integrity monitoring programs that can be

used as a basis for which of the following?

A. Fitness-for-service evaluation

B. Risk analysis

C. Fault tree development

D. Advocating adoption of RBI by jurisdictions.: D

19. "A simple method for estimating the business interruption

consequence uses which of the following formulas?

"

A. Business Interruption= Process Unit Construction Value •

Downtime (years)

B. Business Interruption= Process Unit Annual Value •

Downtime (days)

C. Business Interruption= Process Unit Daily Value •

Downtime (days )

D. Business Interruption: C

20. Assessing the risk associated with each item of equipment is

only half of the key part of to developing an optimized

inspection program. Which of the following is the other vital

part of optimization?

A. Determine the most appropriate inspection techniques

for that piece of equipment

B. Identify the inspection effectiveness rating

C. Determining the desired length of run and factoring in to

the risk equation

D. Documenting the method for consequence of failure

determination: A

21. Assumptions or estimates of input data can be utilized in

which of the following manners?

A. Should never be made as exact data is required for risk

management decisions

B. Should only be made by a third party engineering

company

C. Are often used when consequence and/or probability of

failure data are not known

D. Are rarely used when consequence and/or probability of

failure data are not known: C

22. As the severity of the incident increases, what is the

corresponding likelihood of the probability?

A. Increase

B. Remain constant

C. Remains proportional

D. Decrease: D

It is important to understand this linkage between the POF and

the probability of possible resulting incidents. The

probability of a specific consequence is tied to the severity of

the consequence and may differ considerably from the

probability of the equipment failure itself. Probabilities of

incidents generally decrease with the severity of the incident.

For example, the probability of an event resulting in a fatality

will generally be less than the probability that the event will

result in a first aid or medical treatment injury. It is important to

understand this relationship.

23. Blast-resistant construction may provide personnel

protection from the effects of an explosion, It may also be

useful for which of the following?

A. Systems Control Engineer

B. Operations and Maintenance Personnel

C. Process Specialist

D. Management: B

24. Blast-resistant construction may provide personnel

protection from the effects of explosion. It may also be

useful for:

A. Control cables in the area.

B. Instrument lines that are critical.

C. Emergency isolation

D. Enclosure for pressurized cylinders.: B

25. By dividing a process unit into systems, the equipment can

be screened together saving time, compared to treating

each piece of equipment separately. Selection of the

systems may be based on:

A. Volume of systems

B. Relative reliability of systems

C. Physical location of systems

D. Age of systems: B

26. By focusing on risks and their mitigation, RBI provides which

of the following?

A. An understanding of how equipment is designed and the

associated risk.

B. Better utilization of operating and inspection personnel

on at risk equipment items.

C. A better association between the mechanisms that lead

to equipment failures and the inspection approaches that

will reduce risk .

D. A better linkage between the mechanisms lead to

equipment failures and the correct repair approaches that

will effectively return the equipment to service.: C


of the following?

A. An understanding of how equipment is designed to

operate

B. Better utilization of operating and inspection personnel

C. A better linkage between the mechanisms that lead to

equipment failures and the inspection approaches that will

effectively reduce the associated risks


equipment failures and the correct repair approaches that

will effectively return the equipment to service: C


of the following?

A. Understanding of how equipment is designed to operate

within the established IOW's

B. Improved relationship between inspection techniques

and the damage mechanisms

C. A better linkage between the mechanisms that lead to

equipment failures and the inspection approaches that will

effectively reduce the associated risks


equipment failures and the code repairs designed to reduce

failure: C

29. By using this process, some risks may be identified to be

below the iso-risk line so that no further action to lower risk

is needed.

A. Risk Reduction

B. Risk Management

C. Rick Identification

D. Risk Acceptance: B

3.1.54

risk management

Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization

with regard to risk. Risk management typically includes risk

assessment, risk mitigation, risk acceptance, and risk

communication.

30. Can utility systems be included in and RBI assessment?

A. No, because this is covered by PSM

B. Yes, because the RBI assessment is being done for an

overall optimization.

C. No, because this is a specific reliability problem

associated with corrosion and fouling

D. Yes, because they typically require no inspection

resources and do not impact the RBI results.: B

31. Categorizing costs sounds easy, but isn't always practical.

Rather than using precise values, which of the following can

be utilized as an alternate. R2014 MM

A. Consequences may be placed into categories that have

pre-defined economic ranges.

B. Utilization of a Quantitative approach to provide relevant

information.

C. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index can be used.

D. Results from the sensitivity analysis that have been put

into $$ ranges..: A

32. The choice of RBI assessment is dependent on all of the

following except which of the following?

A. Complexity of facilities and processes

B. Available resources

C. Objective of the study

D. Jurisdictional requirements: D

33. Codes and standards such as API-510, 570, and 653 evolved

to an inspection philosophy with elements such as those

listed below except which of the following?

A. Inspection interval based on some percentage of

equipment life...

B. Inspection interval based on manufacturer's proof tests .

C. On-stream in lieu of internal inspection based on low

deterioration rates

D. Consequence based inspection intervals: B

34. Codes and standards such as API-510, 570, and 653 evolved

to an inspection philosophy with elements such as those

listed below except which of the following?

A. Inspection interval based on some percentage of

equipment life

B. Inspection interval based on manufacturer's proof tests

C. On-stream in lieu of internal inspection based on low

deterioration rates

D. Consequence based inspection intervals: B

35. Concentrating on a smaller set of data should produce

which of the following?

A. Inaccurate information

B. More accurate information

C. Identification of damage mechanisms.

D. No appreciable effect on the Risk Based Inspection

program.: B

36. A concept of minimization that postulates that attributes

such as risk can only be reduced to a certain minimum

under current technology and with reasonable cost.

A. Below the ISO-risk line

B. Above the ISO-risk line

C. As low as Reasonably Practical (ALARP)

D. As low as Possible with Current Technology (AlAPCT): C

37. A concept of minimization that postulates that attributes

(such as risk) can only be reduced to a certain minimum

under current technology and with reasonable cost. Is a

definition of which of the following?

A. Deterioration

B. Failure mode

C. Mitigation

D. ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practical ): D

38. The consequence analysis in a risk based inspection

program is performed for which of the following reasons?

A. To define equipment that can be grouped for analysis

B. To provide discrimination between equipment items on

the basis of the significance of potential failure

C. To provide similarities between equipment items to

minimize the significance of potential failure

D. To provide extensive history for future reassessment: B

39. The consequence effects for loss of containment are

generally considered to be in all of the following

categories except:

A. Safety and Health impact

B. Modes of deterioration

C. Environmental impact

D. Production losses: B

40. The consequence effects for loss of containment are

generally considered to be in some specific categories.

Which of the following is not one of the categories

generally evaluated?

A. Environmental Impact

B. Production Loss

C. Safety and Health Impact

D. Unit Value: D

41. The consequence effects for loss of containment can

usually be considered to be in several categories. Which of

the following is not considered as a typical category? 2014

MM

A. Safety and health impact

B. Production losses

C. Inspection and RBI reassessment costs

D. Maintenance and reconstruction costs: C

42. The consequence of environmental damage is best

understood by cost. Cost is determined by:

A. Fines

B. Method of clean-up

C. Cost for cleanup

D. All the above: D

43. Consequences are always negative for which of the

following aspect?

A. Environmental

B. Economic

C. Safety

D. Public opinion: C

44. The costs of environmental consequences are defined as


A. Environmental Cost = Cost of Cleanup + fines - safety

related fines.

B. Environmental Cost = Cost of cleanup + fines x other

costs

C. Environmental Cost = Cost of fluid replacement + fines +

other Costs

D. Environmental Cost = Cost of cleanup + fines + other

Costs: D

45. Damage mechanisms include all of the following except

which one?

A. Event driven mechanisms

B. Corrosion

C. Cracks

D. Metallurgical damage: A

46. Damage tolerance is defined as which of the following?

A. Termination of the ability of a system, structure, or

component to perform its required function of containment

of fluid

B. The amount of deterioration that a component can

withstand without failure

C. A decision to accept a relative amount of deterioration.

D. An tool that characterizes potential accidents in a

graphical manner: B

47. Damage tolerance is defined as which of the following?

A. Termination of the ability of a system, structure, or

component to perform its required function of containment

of fluid

B. The amount of deterioration that a component can

withstand without failure

C. A decision to accept a risk

D. An analytical tool that organizes and characterizes

potential accidents in a logical and graphical manner: B

48. Data need in a qualitative RBI fall into which category?

A. They only need to be categorized into broad ranges or

classifieds versus a reference point

B. Data needs to be provided in logic concepts depicting

combinations of events

C. Data needs to be individually categorized

D. A significant amount of data needs to be collected due

to the absence of expert opinion: A

49. Data Quality stresses the need for a knowledgeable

individual to compare data from the inspections to the

expected deterioration mechanism and rate. This person

may also compare the results with previous measurements

on that system, similar systems at the site or within the

company. This is called?

A. Engineer effectiveness mechanical evaluation

B. ISO-evaluation

C. Risk management

D. Validation step: D

50. Design of this mitigation system is critical, because under

some circumstances they can enhance flame speed.

A. Water Curtain

B. Spray Deluge

C. Emergency isolation

D. Fire monitors: A

51. Determination of inspection effectiveness should consider

all but which of the following?

A. Equipment type

B. Risk tolerance of the equipment

C. Accessibility to expected deterioration areas

D. Rate of deterioration and susceptibility: B

52. An effective PSM program includes which of the following?

A. A well-structured equipment operational manual and a

unit SME

B. Well-structured equipment/maintenance program

supervised by a Reliability Engineer

C. A well-structured inspection program

D. A documented inspection program with Certified

Inspectors: C

53. Effective risk based decision making takes place when

considering what two factors?

A. Probability of an event, and the length of the run

B. Consequence of Failure and POF

C. Time to the next T/A and the corrosion rate

D. Allowances to the T-min versus the nominal corrosion

rate: B

54. Emergency isolation capability can reduce all except which

of the following?

A. Chronic Environmental releases

B. Toxic release

C. Explosion consequence

D. Fire consequence: A

55. End of life inspection RBI strategies may be developed with

fitness for service assessment of damaged components

using which of the following?

A. API RP - 582

B. The users process safety management program

C. API RP-579

D. API RP -578: C

56. Enhancing the survivability of a facility to the consequence

is best described as?

A. Risk tolerance

B. Risk identification

C. A mitigation activity that does not involve inspection

D. The goal of industry standards: C

57. Equipment modification, redesign and rerating utilizing a

MOC process can provide mitigation of which of the

following?

A. Risk assessment

B. POF

C. COF

D. ALARP: B

58. Equipment reliability programs are part of PSM. Their

contribution to PSM is typically which of the following?

A. Identifying potential areas of operational degradation

items

B. Provides input to the probability analysis portion of the

RPI program

C. Contributes to the COF portion of the equation

D. Identifies COF items not considered under other PSM

programs: B

59. Equipment reliability programs can provide which of the

following?

A. Input to the consequence analysis portion of a RBI

program

B. Input to the probability analysis portion of the RBI

program

C. Input to the recovery portion of the PHA program

D. Input to the operating parameters of adjacent

equipment: B

60. Established limits for process variables that can affect the

integrity of the equipment if the process operation deviates

from the established limits for a predetermined amount of

time is also known as which of the following?

A. Best operating practices (BOP)

B. General operating practices (GOP)

C. Integrity operating window (lOW )

D. Engineering standard operations (ESO): C

61. An evaluation of damage mechanisms and failure mode

analysis should result in which of the following?

A. List of credible damage mechanisms, rates and a ranking

of failure modes.

B. list of credible damage mechanisms and damage modes

resulting from the damage mechanisms.

C. List of credible damage mechanisms and a COF

D. Tabulation of credible damage mechanisms and proposed

mitigation.: B

62. Examples where inspection may not be appropriate to

manage risks to accepted levels include all but which of the

following?

A. New equipment

B. Equipment nearing retirement

C. Consequence-dominated risks

D. Failure mechanisms where avoidance of failure primarily

depends on operating within a define

pressure/temperature envelope: A

63. Excessive inspection can have which of the following

effects?

A. Will reduce the consequence level

B. May cause the risk level to increase

C. Will generally reduce the impact of the consequence

level

D. May result in mitigation back to a known level of iso-risk:

B

64. Excessive inspection may have what effect?

A. Will greatly reduce the risk level

B. May cause the risk level to increase

C. Will cause the specific equipment to last twice as long

D. May lead to differing corrosion rates: B

65. Facilities End of Life strategies focus on which one of the

following?

A. on eliminating all inspection activity on the equipment

B. on eliminating maintenance activity on the equipment

C. Keeping the equipment in-service.

D. Inspection efforts on high risk areas: D

66. Failure mode primarily affects which of the following?

A. Magnitude of consequences

B. Duration of consequence

C. Consequence of failure

D. Susceptibility to damage.: A

67. Failure mode primarily affects which of the following?

A. The magnitude of the consequences

B. The magnitude of the repair costs

C. The magnitude of the cost of replacement equipment

D. The magnitude of operational changes: A

68. The fitness and current condition of the equipment within

the current operating envelope will govern which of the

following?

A. The consequence of failure

B. The probability of failure

C. The risk of failure

D. The time of failure: B

69. Flammable events - Most of the damage from a flammable

event is caused by:

A. Blast overpressure

B. Thermal Radiation

C. Thermal radiation & blast overpressure

D. Thermal overpressure: C

70. Flammable events occur when both a leak and ignition

occurs. Flammable events can cause damage in which of the

following two ways?

A. Oxygen depletion and thermal radiation

B. Thermal radiation and blast overpressure

C. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) and

blast overpressure

D. Arc radiation and blast overpressure: B

71. Flammable events occur when what two actions occur? 2014

MM

A. Leak and ignition

B. Source and failure mode exist

C. Ignition and damage mechanism(s) occur.

D. Thermal effects combine with a source: A

72. Focusing on a smaller set of data should result in which of

the following?



C. Increased number of failures

D. No appreciable effect on the RBI Inspection program: B

73. Focusing on a smaller set of data should result in which of

the following?



C. Increased number of failures

D. No appreciable effect on the Risk Based Inspection

program: B

74. The following is a tool used by companies, and regulatory

authorities as one method in determining risk acceptance.

2014 MM

A. Risk criteria

B. Cost benefit analysis

C. Risk evaluation

D. Cost ratio comparison: B

75. For all intents and purposes, a Quantitative Risk Assessment

(QRA) is best described as which of the following?

A. A traditional risk analysis

B. Not applicable to the hydrocarbon and chemical process

industry

C. Derived from both the qualitative and quantitative

approaches

D. Best described as a non-traditional risk analysis: A

76. For an RBI analysis, equipment is often grouped into

systems, loops, or circuits where common conditions exist.

When conducting a systems within process units screening,

selection of systems may be based on all but one of the

following.

A. Relative risk of the system

B. Relative COF of the system

C. Reliability of the system

D. Ease of access for inspection of the system: D

77. For risks considered unacceptable, there are various

mitigation categories. Which of the following is not one of

those categories listed in API-580?

A. Probability mitigation

B. Decommission

C. Assessment mitigation by utilizing Risk Acceptance

D. Inspection/condition monitoring: C

78. The general formula for the probability of fire would be

which of the following? 2014 MM

A. Probability of fire = Consequence of Ignition X

Probability of ignition

B. Probability of Fire = (POF) X (likelihood of Ignition)

C. Probability of Fire= (Probability of ignition) X (COF)

D. Probability of Fire = (POF) X (Failure mode): B

79. General thinning from corrosion generally leads to what

type of failure?

A. Small hole

B. Crack

C. Brittle fracture

D. Larger leaks or rupture: D

80. General thinning from corrosion generally leads to what

type of failure? (Challenge Question)

A. Small Hole

B. Crack

C. Brittle Fracture

D. Larger leaks or rupture: D

81. Identification of the credible damage mechanism and failure

modes for all equipment included in an RBI study is

essential for which of the follow reason?

A. To insure the quality and effectiveness of the risk

analysis

B. To determine the SME's that should be present for the

study

C. To insure that appropriate NDE techniques have been

utilized in the past

D. To adopt a philosophy of COF: A

82. If several inspections have been completed on an

equipment item, which may be best reflect current

operating conditions?

A. The most recent

B. Short term corrosion rate.

C. Long term corrosion rate.

D. Experience with similar equipment: A

83. If the probability and consequence of an RBI is high enough,

then which of the following is a proper answer?

A. The process must be analyzed to insure the results, and

possibly shut down

B. Mitigation action is recommended

C. The threshold on the iso-risk line should be reviewed

D. The risk matrix should be altered to align with the new

threat: B

84. If the probability and consequence (risk) is high enough to

be unacceptable then which of the following is true?

A. That process must be immediately shut down

B. The entire facility must be evacuated

C. Management personnel must be replaced

D. Mitigation action is recommended: D

85. If the probability and consequence (risk) is high enough to

be unacceptable then which of the following is true?

A. That process must be immediately shut down

B. The iso risk line should be re-evaluate

C. The risk should be re-assessed with additional experts

D. Mitigation action is recommended: D

86. In a consequence analysis, the maintenance and

reconstruction impact is generally measured in monetary

terms. It typically includes repairs and _____________.

A. Equipment preventative maintenance cost

B. Logistics

C. Loss of production

D. Equipment replacement: D

87. In a consequence evaluation, a important part in

determining the extent of the consequence is which of the

following?

A. Time of the consequence event

B. Detailed cost assessment

C. The volume of fluid released

D. Number and types of inspections: C

88. In a consequence study, the maintenance and

reconstruction impact is generally measured in financial

terms. It typically includes repairs and:

A. Production changes

B. Equipment upgrades

C. Loss of production

D. Equipment replacement: D

89. In addition to the amount of equipment items included in

the RBI analysis, which of the following best describes why

the resources and time required to implement an RBI

assessment will depend on?

A. Ease of use of the RBI software.

B. Turnaround schedule for the assessed unit.

C. Risk of the assessed unit.

D. Availability and quality of necessary data and

information.: D

90. In an RBI analysis, reliable data has a relation to which of

the following?

A. The planned cost of the mitigating inspection plan.

B. Which of the analysis' approaches to use

C. The relative accuracy of the RBI analysis

D. The type of personnel involved in the analysis: C

91. In determining the Probability of a Specific Consequence,

there will be other consequences that should be addressed.

Which of the following is a true statement? 2014 MM

A. Unit inspector's judgment should be used to eliminate

non-credible failures

B. The mean average data should be used to eliminate non-

credible failures

C. Engineering judgment and experience should be used to

eliminate trivial cases

D. The POF should be used to eliminate non-credible

failures: C

92. In general, a risk based inspection program will be managed

by:

A. Professional Engineer (PE)

B. Plant Inspectors and Operations engineers

C. Management and process safety personnel

D. Plant inspectors and inspection engineers: D

93. In general, which of the following would most likely manage

the consequence side of the risk equation?

A. Management and process safety personnel

B. Plant inspectors and inspection engineers

C. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index.

D. The owner/user's insurance company: A

94. In most consequence evaluations, a key element in

determining the magnitude of consequence is:

A. The volume of fluid released

B. Leak rate

C. Detection and isolation time

D. The failure mode: A

95. In RBI, environmental consequences typically focus on what

type of risks?

A. Only those that affect personnel

B. Acute and immediate rather than chronic

C. Only those that are "reportable"

D. Dynamic and sustained: B

96. In RBI terms, this is known as "the source of harm":

A. Hazard

B. Source

C. Hazardous Chemical

D. Toxic Chemical: A

97. In reviewing the following, which is not covered by API RP

580?

A. Heat exchangers

B. Heat recovery boilers on process units

C. Pressure vessels

D. Ladders and platforms: D

98. In reviewing the following, which is not covered by API RP

580?

A. Heat exchangers

B. Relief valves

C. Pressure vessels

D. Building structures: D

99. In risk determination, assessment and management, is it true

that risk acceptance may vary for different risks?

A. Yes

B. Yes, but it must comply with OSHA standards

C. No, never

D. No, but API 580 is currently evaluating this decision: A

100. Inspection activities will increase information on the

condition of the equipment. When inspection activities have

been performed, the results should be reviewed for which

of the following reason?

A. The perform inspection grading

B. To determine if an RBI reassessment is necessary

C. To insure the same inspection procedures were

performed at each inspection

D. To determine if prior assumptions were correct: B

101. Inspection is a risk management activity that does which of

the following?

A. May lead to higher costs in managing the risk

B. May lead to unnecessary downtime due to additional

inspection time

C. May lead to risk reduction

D. May lead to decreased personnel requirement: C

102. Inspection programs vary in their effectiveness for locating

and sizing deterioration and thus fit which of the following

descriptions?

A. Are very ineffective in determining deterioration

mechanisms

B. Do not rely on extensive use of nondestructive

examination techniques

C. Provide little or no information pertaining to

deterioration mechanisms

D. Vary in their ability to determine deterioration

mechanisms: D

103. Inspection services identify, monitor and measure the

damage mechanisms. Inspection also provides which of the

following?

A. A better understanding into the COF

B. Input in the prediction of when the deterioration will

reach a critical point

C. The resources to document corrosion rates

D. An understanding of where and when corrosion will

occur: C

104. In the relationship between RBI and other risk-based safety

initiatives, equipment reliability programs (such as Rotating

Equipment Monitoring) can be a contributor to RBI. How

can these equipment reliability measurement programs

contribute to RBI?

A. They can provide data on the consequence analysis

portion of the RBI

B. They do provide data on the equivalent spare pump in-

service rates

C. They provide input to the probability analysis portion of

the RBI program

D. They provide economics for the COF portion of the RBI

calculation: C

105. The level of the unmitigated risk should be used to evaluate


A. The cost of repair versus run to destruction

B. The criticality of performing the inspection

C. The number of inspectors to assign to the inspection

activity

D. The amount of leakage permitted by jurisdictional

authorities: B

106. Loss of containment is commonly described as?

A. Loss of toxic material to the environment.

B. Loss of any material from a PSM covered facility.

C. Loss of fluid to the environment

D. Loss of vapor to the environment: C

107. The main production consequences for RBI are which of the

following?

A. Financial

B. The environmental impact to the surrounding area

C. The number of employees that must be laid-off

D. The increase in deterioration rates due to the

consequence: A

108. Materials that can cause burns include steam, hot water,

acids and caustics. These are a concern, and RBI classifies

them as what type of Consequence of Failure?

A. Toxic release

B. Thermal release

C. Hazardous fluids

D. Environmental: C

109. The objective of RBI is to determine the _____ of an

equipment failure and ______ that the incident could occur.

A. culprit, belief

B. location, reporting

C. consequence, probability

D. cause, probability: C

110. Occurrence of a particular set of circumstances. This may be

certain or uncertain.

A. Fault

B. Risk

C. Hazard

D. Event: D

3.1.14

event

Occurrence of a particular set of circumstances. The event

may be certain or uncertain. The event can be singular or

multiple. The probability of an event occurring within a given

period of time can be estimated.

111. Of all the Units of measure in a consequence analysis, which

is the least developed among those currently used for RBI?

A. Environmental damage

B. Affected area

C. Cost

D. Safety: A

112. Once a sensitivity study is completed, the user has which of

the following opportunities?

A. See which variables significantly influence plant

throughput

B. See which variables significantly influence the risk value

C. See which equipment can be eliminated as being

insignificant to the process

D. See the rate of deterioration and susceptibility: B

113. One approach of a quantitative probability analysis is to

take a probabilistic approach. In this approach:

A. Specific failure data is used to calculate a probability of

failure

B. General failure data is used to calculate a probability of

failure

C. Relative failure data is used to calculate a probability of

failure

D. Generic failure data is used to calculate a probability of

failure: A

114. One goal of the Risk Analyst is to accomplish which of the

following?

A. Provide training on RBI methodology.

B. Isolate low priority data identified by the sensitivity

analysis

C. Evaluate the conformity of the software to API standards

D. Communicate the results of the RBI in an understandable

way.: D

115. One of the most important aspects of managing risk through

RBI is which of the following?

A. Development and use of mitigation strategies

B. Acquiring qualified personnel for the RBI assessment.

C. Insuring the quality of all data

D. Adequately imputing all data into the RBI computer

program: A

116. One RBI team member that should be full-time is: R2014 MM

A. Equipment Inspector or Inspection specialist

B. The Team Leader

C. The Process specialist

D. The Corrosion specialist: B

117. Only by considering what two factors can an effective risk-

based decision making take place?

A. Consequence of failure and probability of failure

B. Projected time to failure, and end of life strategy

C. Economic impact and cost of product loss

D. Environmental and safety consequences: A

118. Part of using risk assessment in inspection and maintenance

planning of equipment is all of the following except which

one??

A. Determining what to inspect

B. Determining where to inspect

C. Determining how to inspect

D. Determining who should inspect: D

119. Performing a RBI assessment can establish the susceptibility

of equipment to deterioration such as all of the following

but one. Which one is not true?

A. Improper operation

B. Fatigue

C. Corrosion

D. Cracking: A

120. Per the 580, risk is explained as which of the following?

A. The relative acceptability of an event as it relates to

safety, the environment, and total damage

B. A concept to be minimized or avoided

C. The certainty of an event happening and the

consequences of the event as a result of the environment

D. A combination of the probability of some event


consequences.: D

121. Plant Inspectors or Inspection Engineers normally manage

risk by managing the POF with inspection and maintenance.

Who has the ability to adjust the COF?

A. Process Safety Manager

B. Plant inspectors and Inspection Engineers

C. Management

D. Management, and process safety personnel: D

122. The POF is calculated with two considerations. Which of the

two are they?

A. Deterioration mechanisms and Effectiveness of

inspection program to identify the mechanism

B. The effectiveness of the inspection program to identify

the deterioration mechanism, and the corrosion engineer's

ability to determine where the corrosion will occur

C. The effectiveness of the equipment used to detect the

corrosion , and the rate of deterioration or susceptibility

D. Equipment type and the credible deterioration

mechanism(s): A

123. The primary work product of the RBI assessment are:

A. Plans that address ways to manage risk

B. Development of a risk matrix'

C. Risk Reduction

D. Cost Reduction: A

124. The probability and consequence analysis should be

worked interactively. This is because the failure mode

primarily affects:

A. Deterioration tolerance

B. The magnitude of the consequences

C. The likelihood of failure.

D. The magnitude of the overall risk: B

125. The probability of credible events leading up to the specific

consequence ........

A. Identifies the active and credible deterioration

mechanisms

B. Must be added to the deterioration mechanism and then

factored into the probability of the specific consequences

occurring

C. Should be discounted since they were previously

assessed during the RBI

D. Should be factored into the probability of the specific

consequence occurring: D

126. The probability of credible events leading up to the specific

consequence is expressed as which of the following?

A. Should define the active and credible deterioration

mechanisms

B. Should be factored into the probability of a general

consequence occurring

C. Should be discounted since they were previously

assessed during the RBI

D. Should be factored into the probability of the specific

consequence occurring: D

127. A probability of failure can be determined, for each

deterioration type and failure mode, by combining all but


A. The expected damage mechanism

B. Inspection data and inspection effectiveness

C. All the operating data from a similar process system

D. Rate or susceptibility: C

128. Process Hazard Analysis risk assessments focus on the

process unit design and operating practices and their

adequacy of the unit's current and anticipated operating

conditions. RBI compliments the PHA by which of the

following?

A. Focusing on the mechanical integrity related damage

mechanisms and risk management through inspection

B. Focusing on the internal training programs of the RBI

inspectors and their supervisors

C. Focusing on the design parameters to ensure the

equipment is adequate for the selected process

D. Focusing on the availability of replacement parts or

installed back up equipment: A

129. A Process Hazards Analysis (PHA) uses a systemized

approach to identify and analyze hazards in a process unit.

Therefore, hazards associated with potential equipment

failure due to in-service degradation identified in the PHA

can be which of the following?

A. Can be completely eliminated by the RBI activity

B. Specifically addressed in the RBI analysis

C. Documented in the PHA and offered as mitigation in RBI

activity

D. Misleading to RBI, because PHA has a different focus: B

130. Process unit screening may assign priorities based on each

of the following except which one?

A. Relative risk of the process units

B. Relative economic impact of the process unit

C. Relative population density

D. Turnaround schedule: C

131. Production (Business Interruption) consequences are

measured in what terms of measure?

A. Loss of reputation

B. Financial

C. Loss of client base

D. Loss of supplier base: B

132. The purpose of a water curtain is to?

A. Absorption of vapors

B. Absorption of vapors and dilution of insoluble vapors

C. Extinguish fire damage and minimize or prevent

escalation

D. Provide an escape route for affected personnel: B

133. The purpose of establishing operational boundaries is which

of the following?

A. To identify minor process parameters that will have little

impact on deterioration

B. To identify who is responsible for operational up-sets

C. To identify areas in the operating unit that can be

operated outside the boundary limits with no impact on

safety

D. To identify key process parameters that may impact

deterioration: D

134. The purpose of establishing operational boundaries is which

of the following?

A. To identify minor process parameters that will have little

impact on deterioration

B. To identify who is responsible for operational up-sets

C. To identify areas in the operating unit that can be

operated outside the boundary limits with no impact on

safety.

D. To identify key process parameters that may impact

deterioration: D

135. A QRA deals with risk associated with equipment damage

but also which of the following?

A. Total Risk

B. Overall Risk

C. Entire Risk

D. Whole Risk: A

136. The QRA is usually comprised of multiple tasks. Which of

the following is not one of these tasks?

A. Systems identification

B. Hazards identification

C. Probability assessment

D. Required personnel: D

137. A QRA uses logic and physical models. Therefore, what can

be said about input data?

A. Expect opinion plays a vital role

B. A high degree of certainty is needed

C. Less detailed information and data are needed

D. More detailed information and data are needed: D

138. The quantitative consequence analysis involves using a

logic model depicting combinations of events to represent

the effects of failure on all of the following except which

one?

A. The environment

B. Property

C. Toxic release

D. People: C

139. Quantitative risk analysis logic models generally consist of

event trees and fault trees. Event trees delineate initiating

events and which of the following?

A. System successes and profits

B. System successes and failures

C. System successes and personnel failures

D. System successes and total run times: B

140. Quantitative risk analysis uses what type of model to depict

combinations of events that could result in severe

accidents.

A. Logical models

B. Conscious Models

C. Logic models

D. Physical models: C

141. Quantitative risk analysis uses what type of model to depict

combinations of events that could result in severe

accidents.

A. Logic models

B. Physical models

C. Conscious Models

D. Eccentric models: A

142. Quantitative Risk Assessments are generally performed by

which of the following person?

A.The unit inspector

B. An experienced risk analyst

C. Owner/user quality manager

D. Reliability engineer: B

143. The RBI assessment may recognize risks that may be

managed by actions other than inspection. Some of these

actions may include all but which of the following?

A. Chemical treatment of the process to reduce

deterioration rates

B. Change metallurgy of components to reduce POF

C. Upgrade safety, detection, or loss limiting systems

D. Positive identification of the COF: D

144. RBI can be used to optimize inspection costs that directly

affect life cycle. Which of the following is not an example

of how RBI can assist in lowering overall life cycle costs

through various cost benefit assessments

A. RBI should enhance the prediction of failures caused by

deterioration mechanisms

B. RBI is fundamentally based on the ability to have team

based decisions

C. RBI can accurately identify where to inspect and what

repairs / replacements to expect & T/A work

D. RBI can access the effects of changing to a more

aggressive fluid: B

145. RBI could be expanded to include failures other than loss of

containment. Examples of other failures and failure modes

are:

A. Pressure relief devices (plugging, fouling, nonactivation)

B. Instrument and control systems

C. Structural Systems

D. Machinery Components: A

146. RBI is an integrated management tool that addresses an

area not fully addressed in other organizational risk

management efforts such as which of the following?

A. Process Safety Management (PSM) or Remaining Life

Evaluation (RLE)

B. Process Hazards Analyses (PHA) or Remaining Life

Evaluation (RLE)

C. Process Safety Management (PSM) or Reliability

Centered Maintenance (RCM)

D. PHA, Integrity Operating Window (IOW), or Reliability

Centered Maintenance (RCM): D

147. RBI is a substitute for:

A. Process Hazards Analysis (PHA)

B. Hazards and operability Study (HAZOP)

C. Mechanical Integrity (MI) Programs

D. None of the Above: D

148. RBI is a Team Approach. Who on the team is responsible for

assessing the effectiveness of past inspections?

A. The Team Leader

B. The Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist

C. The Corrosion Specialist

D. The Inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist: D

149. RBI is a Team Approach. Who on the team is responsible for

providing recommendations on methods of mitigating the

POF (such as coatings/linings, etc.)?

A. The Team leader



D. The inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist: C

150. RBI is a team method. Who on the team is responsible for

evaluating the usefulness of historical inspections?

A.The Team Leader and Risk Analyst



D. The Inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist: D

151. RBI is based on proven risk assessment and management

principles however it will not compensate for which one of

the following except......?

A. Lack of sound engineering or operational judgment.

B. Not purchasing critical path equipment .

C. Inaccurate or missing information.

D. Lack of qualified personnel or teamwork.: B

152. RBI is based on sound, proven risk assessment and

management principles. However, RBI will not compensate

for the following except:

A. Not completely implementing plans of risk reduction

B. Lack of experienced and knowledgeable personnel or

teamwork

C. Excess corrosion rates or materials in cracking

environments

D. Inaccurate or missing information: C

153. RBI is focused on a systematic determination of which of

the following?

A. Risk tolerance

B. Relative risks

C. Absolute risk

D. Average risk: B


the following?

A. Safety Risks

B. Relative Risks

C. Absolute Risks

D. Tangible Risks: B


the following?

A. Total facility operating costs

B. Relative risks

C. Absolute risk

D. Average risk factors: B

156. RBI is not exclusively an inspection activity and requires the

involvement of various segments of the organization such

as engineering, maintenance, and which of the following?

A. The jurisdiction where the pressure equipment is

installed.

B. The senior vice president of the owner company.

C. Operations .

D. The American Petroleum Institute: C

157. RBI is not exclusively an inspection activity and requires the

involvement of various segments of the organization such

as engineering, maintenance, and which of the following?

A. The jurisdiction where the pressure equipment is installed

B. The senior vice president of the owner company

C. Operations

D. The American Petroleum Institute: C

158. RBI represents:

A. A method to focus attention specifically on deterioration

methods that are of unknown consequences

B. The next generation of inspection approaches and

interval setting

C. A method of basing decisions on the consequence of

failure

D. A method of increasing the effectiveness of inspection

reporting for vessels nearing end of life: B

159. RBI uses a team. Who on the team is accountable for

providing the resources and follow-up system to implement

the risk mitigation choices? R2014 MM

A. Team Leader

B. Environmental and Safety Personnel

C. Equipment Inspector or Inspection specialist

D. Management: D

160. RBI will not compensate for:

A. Inaccurate or missing information

B. Corrosion mechanisms

C. Qualified personnel

D. Sound engineering: A

161. RBI works with codes and standards such as API 510, 570 &

653 to:

A. Extend inspection intervals and provide relevant

documentation.

B. Use inspection philosophy such as intervals based on

some percentage of equipment life (such as half-life)

C. Utilize probability based inspection intervals

D. Document inspection philosophy such interval

extensions.: B

With advances in inspection approaches, and better

understanding of the type and rate of deterioration, inspection

intervals/due dates became more dependent on the equipment

condition (i.e. condition-based inspection), rather than

what might have been an arbitrary calendar date. Codes and

standards such as API 510, API 570, and API 653

evolved to an inspection philosophy with elements such as:

a) inspection intervals/due dates based on some percentage

of equipment life (such as 1/2 life);

b) on-stream inspection in lieu of internal inspection based on

low deterioration rates;

c) internal inspection requirements for damage mechanisms

related to process environment induced cracking;

d) consequence-based inspection intervals/due dates.

162. Reducing inspection costs is usually not the primary

objective of an RBI assessment, but it is frequently a side

effect of optimization. When optimized, which of the

following is not true?

A. Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection

activities may be eliminated

B. Inspection of low risk items may be totally eliminated

C. On-line inspection methods can be substitute for

invasive methods

D. Less experienced Inspectors can be utilized to replace

the high demand experienced people: D

163. Regardless of what RBI approach is used, what two items

are beneficial to the accuracy and quality of an RBI analysis

regarding the data input?

A. All data is averaged and standardized.

B. Input data is current, and validated by knowledgeable

persons

C. All data is validated and attained by credible people.

D. Sensitivity analysis has been run on data, and bad data

removed.: B

164. Releases of other hazardous fluids, other than toxic, are of

most concern in risk based inspection assessments when

they affect which of the following?

A. The corporation's bottom line

B. Personnel

C. Only the environment

D. Process equipment: B

165. Results of a quantitative risk assessment are usually

presented in what format?

A. numeric

B. analytical

C. detailed

D. accute: A

166. The results of a Semi-quantitative risk analysis approach are

usually given in what form?

A. Equipment specific work plan

B. Analysis results plotted on the iso-risk line

C. Through the use of logic tree models

D. With the use of failure mode models: A

167. A risk assessment and management process that is focused

on loss of containment of pressurized equipment in

processing facilities, due to material deterioration is a

definition of which of the following?

A. Risk management

B. Event tree

C. Risk mitigation

D. Risk based inspection: D

168. Risk Assessment teams should have specific training. The

detailed training should cover which of the following two

subjects? R2014 MM

A. RBI methodology and the procedures being used for the

RBI assessment

B. Procedures being used for the RBI assessment & the use

of the Risk Assessment Diagram

C. Use of the Risk Assessment Diagram, and the method to

determine the POF

D. How to determine POF & COF: A

169. "Risk based inspection is expressed as which of the

following?

A. A tool to provide an analysis of the risk of loss of

containment of equipment

B. A tool to provide an analysis of the cost of replacement

of equipment

C. A tool to provide an analysis for the length of time a

turnaround will take

D. A tool to provide an analysis for the most cost effective

operating parameters: A

170. A risk based inspection program will be managed by:

A. Professional Engineer (PE)

B. Plant Inspectors and the software being utilized.

C. Management and process safety personnel

D. Plant inspectors and inspection engineers: D

171. Risk can be calculated, mathematically, using which of the

following formula?

A. Risk= Certainty x Consequence

B. Risk= Probability+ Consequence

C. Risk = Certainty + Consequence

D. Risk= Probability x Consequence: D

172. Risk cannot be reduced to zero solely by inspection

efforts. Which of the following is not a residual risk factor

for loss of containment?

A. Design Errors

B. Process Creep

C. Unknown mechanisms of deterioration

D. Consequential efforts from associated equipment in the

same unit: B

173. Risk management plans should be adjusted on what

frequency?

A. Annually

B. As new data becomes available

C. Only when operational changes to equipment are made

D. Once every six months: B

174. Risk management plans should be adjusted on what

frequency?

A. Annually

B. As new data becomes available

C. When operational changes are made

D. Once every six months: B

175. A risk matrix is one method of communicating the

distribution of risks throughout a plant or process unit.

When more quantitative consequence and probability data

are being used; which of the following would provide

additional information? R2014 MM

A. HAZOP study

B. Fault tree

C. Risk plot

D. Failure mode and effect analysis: C

176. A risk matrix is one method of communicating the

distribution of risks throughout a plant or process unit.

When more quantitative consequence and probability data

are being used; which of the following would provide more

meaningful information?

A. As-built drawing

B. Isometric drawing

C. Risk plot

D. P&ID.: C

177. Risk reduction and risk management can be considered:

A. Synonymous and equal.

B. Risk reduction is only a part of risk management

C. A risk management tool.

D. Part of systematic approach for risk identification: B

178. Risk reduction is defined as which of the following?

A. Actions taken to lessen the probability of a particular

risk.

B. A process of selecting and implementing measures to

modify a risk

C. A decision not to become involved in or action to

withdraw from a risk situation

D. A process to assign values to the probability and

consequence of a risk: A


A. As low as regulations permit

B. As long as risk is possible

C. As low as reasonably practical

D. American legal assistance risk prevention: C


A. The act of mitigating a known risk to an acceptable level

of risk .


modify a risk.


withdraw from a risk situation.


consequence of a risk.: A.


A. The act of mitigating a known risk to an acceptable level

of risk


modify a risk




consequence of a risk: A

182. Risk reduction is defined by which of the following?

A. A process of selecting and implementing actions to

modify a risk

B. The act of mitigating a known risk to an acceptable level

of risk

C. The act of not becoming involved in or an action to


D. A process to assess probability and consequence of risk:

B

183. Several things are not covered by API RP 580. Which of the

following is an example of something that is covered by

API RP 580?

A. Instrument and control systems

B. Elevated municipal water storage tank

C. Electrical systems

D. Structural systems: B

184. Some risks cannot be adequately managed by inspection

alone. Examples where inspection may not be sufficient to

manage risks to accepted levels include all but which of the

following?

A. Equipment nearing retirement

B. Failure dominated risks

C. Failure mechanisms where avoidance of failure primarily

depends on operating within a defined

pressure/temperature envelope

D. Consequence-dominated risk: B

185. Terms of reference by which the significance of risk is

assessed. This may include associated cost and benefits,

legal and statutory requirements, socio-economic and

environmental aspects and other inputs to the assessment:

A. Risk Avoidance

B. Risk Criteria

C. Risk Identification

D. Quantitative Risk: B

186. There are several units of measure in consequence analysis.

Which of the following is not one of those units as

described by RBI?

A. Health and safety

B. Affected area

C. Environmental damage

D. Alternate allocations of operating expenses: D

187. This has a mathematical definition as "a real number in the

scale 0-1 attached to a random event."

A. Mitigation

B. Quantitative risk

C. Risk

D. Probability: D

188. This is a methodology whereby damage contained within a

component is assessed in order to determine acceptability.

A. RBI

B. Fitness-for-service

C. risk acceptance

D. risk mitigation: B

189. This is a orderly decision to accept the combination of the

probability of an event and its consequence. It depends on

risk criteria.

A. ISO line

B. Risk Acceptance

C. Risk Avoidance

D. Risk Communication: B

190. This is commonly used as an indicator of potential

consequences:

A. Costs

B. Risk

C. Probability (likelihood)

D. Extent to which an event is likely to occur within the time

frame under consideration: A

191. This is described as a function of computational methods.

A. Data assessment

B. Precision

C. Accuracy

D. Data validation: B

It is important to understand the difference between precision

and accuracy when it comes to risk analysis. Accuracy

is a function of the analysis methodology, the quality of the

data, and consistency of application, while precision is a

function of the selected metrics and computational methods.

Risk presented as a precise numeric value (as in a

quantitative analysis) implies a greater level of accuracy when

compared to a risk matrix (as in a qualitative analysis).

However, the implied linkage of precision and accuracy may

not exist because of the element of uncertainty that is

inherent with probabilities and consequences.

192. This is described as a model depicting the progression of

accidents, transport of a hazardous material to the

environment.

A. Risk model

B. Logic model

C. Concentric model

D. Physical model: D

Quantitative RBI uses logic models depicting combinations of

events that could result in severe accidents and

physical models depicting the progression of accidents and

the transport of a hazardous material to the environment.

The models are evaluated probabilistically to provide both

qualitative and quantitative insights about the level of risk

and to identify the design, site, or operational characteristics

that are the most important to risk. Hence, more detailed

information and data are needed for a fully quantitative RBI in

order to provide input for the models.

193. This is the term for a limitation of any harmful consequence

or reduction in probability of a particular event:

A. Mitigation

B. Hazard Assessment

C. Damage mode.

D. Probability Risk Ranking: A

194. Toxic consequences are typically not derived from which of

the following?

A. Thermal radiation

B. Population in the vicinity of the release

C. Detection and mitigation systems

D. Volume of fluid releases and toxicity: A

195. Toxic release consequence is typically including all of the

following but one. Which one does not belong?

A. Population in the vicinity of the release

B. Volume of fluid released and toxicity

C. Ability to disperse under typical process and

environmental conditions

D. The replacement cost of the toxic fluid: D

196. Toxic releases in RBI are addressed under what

circumstances?

A. Only discussed & documented within the company

B. Are only addressed when they affect personnel

C. Only discussed when OSHA investigates

D. Evaluated when they are a reportable quantity: B

197. A traditional quantitative risk assessment is comprised of

several tasks. Which of the following is not considered as

one of the common tasks?

A. Systems identification

B. Probability assessment

C. Personnel identification

D. Consequence analysis: C

198. Typically, a Risk Based assessment is done on which of the

following?

A. On multiple pieces of equipment

B. On a single component

C. Annually

D. One-half the remaining life but not to exceed ten years:

A

199. Typically, PHA focus on which one of the following?

A. The mechanical integrity related damage mechanisms

B. Risk management through inspections

C. Process unit design and operating practices and their

adequacy.

D. Understanding failure modes, addressing the modes and

therefore improving reliability: C

200. The ultimate goal of inspection is what purpose?

A. To promote better relationships with the surrounding

communities

B. Safety and reliability of operating facilities

C. To provide gainful employment for inspection personnel

D. To determine which operating method is most

economical: B


A. To provide an inspection plan

B. Safety and reliability of operating equipment

C. To identify inspection methods and techniques

D. Safety and reliability of operating facilities: D


A. To reduce inspection costs

B. Safety and reliability of operating facilities

C. To reduce T/A time

D. To determine which inspection technique is most

economical: B

203. Understanding the damage mechanism is important for


A. Analysis of the COF

B. Analysis of the POF

C. Ability to make decisions that can eliminate or reduce

the consequence.

D. Analysis of the reassessment type: B

204. The unit run length of the process unit or pieces of

equipment is an significant limit to consider for what

reason?

A. The RBI assessment may include the entire operational

life

B. Inspection frequency may be time based rather than risk

based.

C. The RBI assessment time period is limited by the API

standards 510, 570, & 653

D. The unit run length has no bearing on an RBI assessment:

A

205. The units for affected area consequence (square foot or

square meters) do not convert into routine experiences.

One drawback is which of the following?

A. It does not include the business impact of failure.

B. It does not include the safety impact of failure.

C. A common unit of measure for environmental damage is

not available with current technology.

D. It does not include the health impact of failure.: A

206. Using the formula ""Risk of a specific consequence=

(Probability of a Specific Consequence) X (Specific

Consequence)"" it is possible to calculate the risk for each

specific consequence. Regarding this statement, which of

the following is a true statement?

A. The total risk is the sum of the minor risks for each

specific consequence.

B. This formula cannot be used to determine total risk

C. The total risk is the sum of the individual risks for each

specific consequence

D. The total risk is the sum of the individual risks plus

probability of fire for each specific consequence: C

207. Utilization of RBI provides a method for constantly

improving the inspection of facilities and reducing the risk

associated with which of the following?

A. Operational upsets.

B. Improper repair activity.

c. Pressure boundary failures

D. Severe consequences.: C

208. Utilization of RBI provides a vehicle for continuously

improving the inspection of facilities and systematically

reducing the risk associated with which of the following?

A. Hazard and operability assessment.

B. Improper repair activity.

C. Pressure boundary failures .

D. Severe consequences: C

209. Utilization of RBI provides a vehicle for continuously

improving the inspection of facilities and systematically

reducing the risk associated with which of the following?

A. Operational upsets

B. Improper repair activity

C. Pressure boundary failures

D. Severe consequences: C

210. The volume of fluid released is typically derived form a

combination of all of the following except which one?

A. Best guess by experienced and trained operating

personel

B. Volume of fluid available for release

C. Failure mode

D. Leak rate: A

211. Water curtain design is critical for the following reason.

A. It must be located in "critical" areas for flame

extinguishing

B. The water curtain can enhance flame speed under some

circumstances

C. Spraying on hot thick walled vessels can promote Stress

Corrosion Cracking

D. It must relieve at fire temperatures and not extreme

operating temperature conditions: B

212. What does the acronym BLEVE stand for?

A. Brine Levels Expand Vapor Equilibrium

B. Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion

C. Below Estimated Value Earnings

D. Basic Limitations External to a Vessel Examination: B

213. What has a group of systems arranged in a specific fashion

to produce a product? R2014 MM

A. A process unit

B. A facility

C A corrosion loop

D. RBI software: A

214. What is a methodology whereby damage of

flaws/imperfections contained within a component or

equipment item are assessed in order to determine

acceptability for continues service.

A. RBI mitigation assessment

B. Fitness for service assessment

C. Inspection grading

D. Rerating: B

215. What is an "ISO-risk line?

A. An RBI standard developed by International

Organization for Standardization

B. Inspection Safety and Operational RBI Standard

C. A constant risk level

D. Inspection Safety and Health risk constant: C

216. What is a source for more information on risk acceptance?

A. A Comparison of Criteria for Acceptance of Risk

B. Dow Fire and Explosion Risk Index

C. EPA Risk Management Plan (RMP) Regulations

D. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.110, Criteria for Acceptance of Risk: A

217. What is the process of including inspection data or other

changes into the risk analysis?

A. Risk Management

B. Reassessment

C. Risk assessment

D. HAZOP: B

218. What is the process of integrating the most recent

inspection data or other process and maintenance

alterations into the risk analysis? R2014 MM

A. RBI evaluation

B. RBI reassessment

C. RBI mitigation

D. RBI identification: B

219. What is the purpose of a Sensitivity Analysis?

A. To determine what the environmental impact could be

B. To determine what environmental safeguards are in place

C. To determine what input variables deserve closer

scrutiny versus others that may not have significant effects

D. To determine the attitude of local "affected population"

to any degree of environmental impact: C

220. What RBI team member is responsible for providing data

on the occurrences when the process deviated from the

limits of the process operating envelope (IOW)?

A. Systems Control Engineer

B. Operations and Maintenance Personnel

C. Process Specialist

D. Management: B

221. What team member should preferably be a stakeholder in

the facility/equipment being analyzed in the RBI

assessment?

A. Corrosion Specialist

B. Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist

C. Team Leader

D. Process Specialist: C

222. When assessing POF and defining frequency. How is

frequency normally expressed?

A. Probability

B. Events per year

C. Duration

D. Susceptibility: B

223. When assessing the consequence of failure, RBI is mainly

concerned with loss of containment failures. However,

other functional failures could be included. Which of the

following would not be included?

A. Failure of Internal components of pressure containing

equipment

B. Heat exchanger tube failure

C. Pressure relief device failure

D. Plant wide power failure.: D

224. When calculating the POF, what is needed for each

deterioration type and failure mode?

A. Expected deterioration mechanism, rate or susceptibility,

inspection data and effectiveness

B. Expected deterioration rate or susceptibility, inspection

data and effectiveness

C. Expected deterioration rate or susceptibility, inspection

data /effectiveness and risk level

D. Expected deterioration rate or susceptibility, inspection

data / effectiveness, associated inspection/maintenance

costs: A

225. When calculating the Risk of a Fire, the consequence of

that fire has been assessed at $1,000,000, while the

Probability of fire has been determined to be 0.0001 per

year, what is the resulting Risk of Fire?

$100/year

$200/year

$300/year

$500/year: A

226. When calculating the Risk of a Fire, the consequence of

that fire has been assessed at $2,000,000, while the

Probability of fire has been determined to be 0.00002 per

year, what is the resulting Risk of Fire?

A. $40/year

B. $20/year

C. $200/year

D. $400/year: A

227. When conducting a Quantitate review, there are several

approaches for data used to calculate the POF. Which of the

following is correct?

A. All data is evaluated and scrubbed.

B. Probabilistic and /or Industry, company or manufacturer

failure data can be used.

C. In-situ testing or in-service monitoring should be

considered as a mitigation.

D. All historic data should be considered, even if there was

a change in service.: B

228. When determining a dominant probability / consequence

pair, it is not always necessary to include every credible

scenario in the analysis. With this in mind, this makes which

one of the following statements true?

A. Certain cases can be ignored if they are not related to

the environment

B. Certain cases can be ignored if the Safety manager

agrees

C. Certain cases can be ignored if the Safety manager

agrees

D. Engineering judgment and experience should be used to

eliminate trivial cases: D

229. When determining the deterioration susceptibility and rate,

the best data will be derived from which of the following?

A. Operating experiences where conditions could

realistically be expected to occur in the equipment under

consideration

B. Previous Inspection Data

C. Experience with similar equipment

D. Published Data: A

230. When determining the POF, there are several sources for

determining the amount of deterioration. Which of the

following is the best source?

A. Published data

B. Laboratory testing

C. Actual operating experience

D. Expert opinion: C

231. When directing a facilities screening, RBI is typically

conducted on what level?

A. The entire refinery or plant

B. A single component within a single piece of equipment

C. Multiple pieces of equipment

D. A single unit: A

232. When establishing operating boundaries, how should

changes in the process resulting from abnormal or upset

conditions is evaluated?

A. They should be ignored due to their short term existence

B. They should be considered in the RBI assessment

C. They should be notification points for inspection

personnel

D. They documented for consideration if potential

mitigation is assessed: B

233. When establishing operating boundaries, startup and shut

down conditions as well as emergency and non-routine

conditions should be reviewed for their potential effect on


A. Consequence of failure

B. Consequence of failure and POF

C. POF

D. To identify areas where operating conditions need to be

monitored such as a pressurization sequence to prevent

damage: B

234. When establishing physical boundaries of an RBI

assessment, equipment item screening is often conducted

to do which of the following?

A. Identify lower risk items

B. Identify equipment with critical life

C. Identify higher risk items

D. Identify items that are nearing half-life, and therefore in

need of inspection: C

235. When evaluating sources of site-specific data, the RBI

analysis can pull data from other established resources. The

reason for this is which of the following?

A. Data is going to be managed

B. Data should come from the same source for consistency

C. The same SME's supply the data for all initiatives

D. Much of the data overlaps: C

236. When planning inspections, a point is reached where

additional inspection activity begins to show a diminishing

return and eventually may produce very little additional

risk reduction. This process is commonly called :

A. Risk-Based Residual

B. Residual Risk

C. Inspection Optimization

D. Consistent Risk Methodology: C

237. When ranking consequences according to the amount of

surface area of the plot plan that experiences an effect

greater than a pre-defined limiting value, it is typically

assumed that personnel at risk are which of the following?

A. Are the most experienced Operations/Maintenance

people available.

B. Personnel are not factored into this COF calculation.

C. Are assumed to be evenly distributed throughout the

unit.

D. Are going to be huddled in the specific area of the

affected area.: C

238. When using RBI, a reassessment is required by which of the

following? R2014 MM

A. FMEA

B. Jurisdictional codes and regulations

C. OSHA 1910.110

D. Governing inspection codes, and jurisdictional

requirements: D

239. When using the spectrum of risk analysis, the use of "expert

opinion" is identified by which of the following?

A. Typically not necessary due to the level of evaluation.

B. Generally used when evaluating nonthreatening risk

mitigation.

C. Will typically not be included due to the type and level

of evaluation

D. Typically be included regardless of type of level: D

240. Which is not covered by API RP 580?

A. Header boxes on fin fan exchangers.

B. Heat recovery boilers on process units.

C. Above ground atmospheric storage tanks with out leak

prevention.

D. Permanent ladders and platforms .: D

241. Which of the following are the primary work products of the

RBI assessment and management approach?

A. Plans that address ways to manage risks on an

equipment level

B. Plans that address to manage personnel

C. Plans that address additional training requirements for

operating personnel

D. Plans for the elimination of all risks to equipment: A

242. Which of the following influences the uncertainty of risk

associated with pressure equipment primarily by improving

information of the deterioration state and predictability of

the POF?

A. System operating records

B. Comparison with equipment is similar service

C. Inspection

D. Published data: C

243. Which of the following is a typical method of estimating

downtime after a fire or explosion?

A. Factory Mutual (FM) Fire and Explosion Index

B. Dow Fire and Explosion Index

C. NFPA Fire and Explosion Index

D. API Recommended Practice - 579: B

The unit daily value could be on a revenue or profit basis. The

downtime estimate would represent the time required

to get back into production. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index

is a typical method of estimating downtime after a fireor

explosion.

244. Which of the following is not a category of fire and

explosion events?

A. Vapor cloud explosion

B. Pool fire

C. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)

D. Class B electrical fire: D

245. Which of the following is not true concerning

implementation of RBI implementation plans to manage

risks on an equipment level?

A. RBI will identify equipment that does not require

inspection of some other form of mitigation because of the

acceptable level of risk associated with the equipment's

current operation

B. Required inspection activities will reduce the

consequence of failure

C. It will provide an acceptance/understanding of the

current risk level

D. It will result in an overall reduction in risk for the

facilities and/or equipment: B

246. Which of the following is the main product of the RBI

assessment and management approach?


equipment level .

B. Plans that identify risk through risk management

activities.

C. Plans that mitigate risk only through inspection efforts.

D. Plans to determine risk acceptance and risk analysis.: A

247. Which of the following is the most desirable location for a

water curtain? R2014 MM

A. Directly above the release location

B. Between the release location and ignition source

C. Directly above the potential ignition source

D. Between the ignition source and the emergency

equipment: B

248. Which of the following is the primary work product of the

RBI assessment and management approach?


equipment level

B. Plans that address to manage personnel

C. Plans that address additional training requirements

D. Plans for the elimination of tangible risks to equipment:

A

249. Which of the following represents the ultimate goal of

inspection?

A. Focus attention specifically on the equipment

representing the most risk to the facility

B. Management of corrosion data per codes and standards

such as API 510, 570, & 653

C. To determine corrosion rates, and possible mitigation

D. Safety and reliability of operating facilities: D

250. Which of the following was given as an example of a failure

mode?

A. Brittle fracture

B. Internal corrosion

C. Pitting

D. Metallurgical changes: A

251. Which of the following would be the best example of

setting a priority for RBI process units screening?

A. Equipment size and type.

B. Location of battery limits of units.

C. Turnaround schedule.

D. RBI team member availability.: C

252. Who on the RBI team is responsible for providing

recommendations on methods of mitigating the POF (such

as coatings/linings, etc.)? R2014 MM

A. The Team leader and Corrosion Specialist



D. The Inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist: C

253. With an initial investment in inspection activities which of

the following will be accomplished?

A. Risk generally is significantly induced.

B. Risk generally will not be reduced

C. Risk generally will be slightly lowered

D. Risk generally is significantly reduced: D



A. Risk generally is significantly reduced

B. Risk generally will not be reduced just allocated a lower

factor

C. Risk generally will be eliminated

D. Risk generally will have no impact should failure occur: A



A. Risk generally is significantly reduced

B. Risk generally will not be reduced just allocated a lower

factor

C. Risk generally will be totally eliminated

D. Risk generally will have no impact should failure occur: A

256. With regard to environmental consequences, the RBI

program typically focuses on which of the following?

A. Past environmental risks

B. Chronic risks from low-level emissions

C. Acute and immediate environmental risks

D. Failure of the pressure relief system: C

257. With regard to environmental consequences, the RBI

program typically focuses on which of the following?

A. Past environmental risks

B. Chronic risks from low-level emissions

C. Acute and immediate environmental risks

D. Operating personnel responsible for the release: C

258. The work product of the RBI assessment and management

approach are plans that address ways to manage risks. This

is called:

A. An Equipment Plan

B. A Sensitivity Analysis

C. A Risk Management Plan

D. A total Risk Assessment: A

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