1. The ability to state the rate of deterioration in specific
process equipment is often not known with confidence.
Which of the following would not be a reason for this?
A. due to the inspector's expertise
B. due to the deterioration mechanism
C. due to imitations of inspection and test methods
D. due to the damage tolerance of the equipment: D
2. Absolute Risk is:
A. Risk resulting from forces of nature, acts of God, or
sabotage
B. The manner of failure
C. Permanent Risk
D. An ideal and accurate description and quantification of
risk: D
3. According to API RP 580, failure is defined as which one of
the following?
A. Loss of toxic material
B. Loss of life
C. Loss of hazardous material
D. Loss of containment: D
4. According to API RP 580, what is risk?
A. An event driven mechanism
B. A combination of the probability of some event
occurring during a time period of interest and the
consequences associated with the event
C. The certainty of an event and the consequence
D. The evaluation of an event to compare the POF with
likelihood: B
5. According to API RP 580, what is risk?
A. The probability of some hazard occurring during a
general time period and the consequences associated with
the event.
B. A combination of the probability of some event
occurring during a time period of interest and the
consequences associated with the event .
C. The certainty of an event happening and the
consequences of the event on the surrounding
environment.
D. The acceptability of an event impacting a specific
percentage of personnel, equipment, or the environment
which has been determined as collateral damage.: B
6. The accuracy of the results from a ""qualitative"" analysis is
dependent on which of the following?
A. The accuracy of all collected data
B. The use of logic models
C. The background and expertise of the analysts
D. Environmental and atmospheric considerations: C
7. The accuracy of the results from a ""qualitative"" analysis is
dependent on which of the following?
A. The accuracy of all collected data
B. The use of logic models
C. The background and expertise of the analysts
D. Environmental costs: C
8. The accuracy of the results from a "qualitative" analysis relies
on which of the following?
A. The accuracy of all collected data
B. The use of logic models
C. The background and expertise of the analysts
D. Environmental and atmospheric considerations: C
9. Activity with a potential for consequence. In a safety area,
this is called a hazard.
A. Risk Identification
B. Source
C. Risk driver
D. Consequence: B
10. Although major may not have occurred, over time, small
changes may occur and cumulatively cause significant
changes in the RBI assessment. Therefore, at a minimum,
users should establish reassessments based on which of the
following prime parameter?
A. After "significant" changes
B. After a specific period of time
C. After implementation of risk mitigation strategies
D. During maintenance turnarounds: B
11. The amount of inspection affects risk. With an initial
inspection, which of the following is true?
A. Risk will be uncertain.
B. Risk will be lowered slightly
C. Risk is significantly reduced
D. The avoidance of risk is reduced: C
12. Any individual or organization that may perceive itself to be
affected by the risk.
A. Owner
B. Process Owner
C. Risk Evaluator
D. Stakeholder: D
13. API-580 asks when to conduct a RBI reassessment and lists
several times; one of which is ""After Significant Changes"".
It goes on to list all but which of these changes?
A. RBI premises
B. Litigation
C. Significant change in process
D. Damage mechanisms/rates/severities: B
API 580 - Exam Prep -
14. API-580 damage mechanisms include which of the following:
A. Corrosion, Cracking, mechanical and metallurgical
damage.
B. Erosion, cracking, mechanical and metallurgical damage,
C. Fatigue, corrosion, cracking and Erosion
D. Creep, corrosion, cracking and fatigue: A
15. API-580 lists several units of measure in consequence
analysis. Which of the following is not one of those units of
measure listed?
A. Safety
B. Environmental damage
C. Cost
D. Damage mechanism: D
16. API RP 580 is specifically targeted at the application of RBI
in which of the following?
A. Pulp/paper industry and chemical process industries
B. API-580 does not specifically target any industry
C. Hydrocarbon and chemical process industry
D. Pressure containment: C
17. API RP 580 is targeted at the application of RBI in which of
the following?
A. Pulp/paper industry and chemical process industries.
B. Facilities covered by OSHA with toxic or hazardous
materials.
C. Hydrocarbon and chemical process industry .
D. Hydrocarbon and power utility industry.: C
18. Application of RBI can provide evidence of complete risk
management and integrity monitoring programs that can be
used as a basis for which of the following?
A. Fitness-for-service evaluation
B. Risk analysis
C. Fault tree development
D. Advocating adoption of RBI by jurisdictions.: D
19. "A simple method for estimating the business interruption
consequence uses which of the following formulas?
"
A. Business Interruption= Process Unit Construction Value •
Downtime (years)
B. Business Interruption= Process Unit Annual Value •
Downtime (days)
C. Business Interruption= Process Unit Daily Value •
Downtime (days )
D. Business Interruption: C
20. Assessing the risk associated with each item of equipment is
only half of the key part of to developing an optimized
inspection program. Which of the following is the other vital
part of optimization?
A. Determine the most appropriate inspection techniques
for that piece of equipment
B. Identify the inspection effectiveness rating
C. Determining the desired length of run and factoring in to
the risk equation
D. Documenting the method for consequence of failure
determination: A
21. Assumptions or estimates of input data can be utilized in
which of the following manners?
A. Should never be made as exact data is required for risk
management decisions
B. Should only be made by a third party engineering
company
C. Are often used when consequence and/or probability of
failure data are not known
D. Are rarely used when consequence and/or probability of
failure data are not known: C
22. As the severity of the incident increases, what is the
corresponding likelihood of the probability?
A. Increase
B. Remain constant
C. Remains proportional
D. Decrease: D
It is important to understand this linkage between the POF and
the probability of possible resulting incidents. The
probability of a specific consequence is tied to the severity of
the consequence and may differ considerably from the
probability of the equipment failure itself. Probabilities of
incidents generally decrease with the severity of the incident.
For example, the probability of an event resulting in a fatality
will generally be less than the probability that the event will
result in a first aid or medical treatment injury. It is important to
understand this relationship.
23. Blast-resistant construction may provide personnel
protection from the effects of an explosion, It may also be
useful for which of the following?
A. Systems Control Engineer
B. Operations and Maintenance Personnel
C. Process Specialist
D. Management: B
24. Blast-resistant construction may provide personnel
protection from the effects of explosion. It may also be
useful for:
A. Control cables in the area.
B. Instrument lines that are critical.
C. Emergency isolation
D. Enclosure for pressurized cylinders.: B
25. By dividing a process unit into systems, the equipment can
be screened together saving time, compared to treating
each piece of equipment separately. Selection of the
systems may be based on:
A. Volume of systems
B. Relative reliability of systems
C. Physical location of systems
D. Age of systems: B
26. By focusing on risks and their mitigation, RBI provides which
of the following?
A. An understanding of how equipment is designed and the
associated risk.
B. Better utilization of operating and inspection personnel
on at risk equipment items.
C. A better association between the mechanisms that lead
to equipment failures and the inspection approaches that
will reduce risk .
D. A better linkage between the mechanisms lead to
equipment failures and the correct repair approaches that
will effectively return the equipment to service.: C
27. By focusing on risks and their mitigation, RBI provides which
of the following?
A. An understanding of how equipment is designed to
operate
B. Better utilization of operating and inspection personnel
C. A better linkage between the mechanisms that lead to
equipment failures and the inspection approaches that will
effectively reduce the associated risks
D. A better linkage between the mechanisms lead to
equipment failures and the correct repair approaches that
will effectively return the equipment to service: C
28. By focusing on risks and their mitigation, RBI provides which
of the following?
A. Understanding of how equipment is designed to operate
within the established IOW's
B. Improved relationship between inspection techniques
and the damage mechanisms
C. A better linkage between the mechanisms that lead to
equipment failures and the inspection approaches that will
effectively reduce the associated risks
D. A better linkage between the mechanisms lead to
equipment failures and the code repairs designed to reduce
failure: C
29. By using this process, some risks may be identified to be
below the iso-risk line so that no further action to lower risk
is needed.
A. Risk Reduction
B. Risk Management
C. Rick Identification
D. Risk Acceptance: B
3.1.54
risk management
Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization
with regard to risk. Risk management typically includes risk
assessment, risk mitigation, risk acceptance, and risk
communication.
30. Can utility systems be included in and RBI assessment?
A. No, because this is covered by PSM
B. Yes, because the RBI assessment is being done for an
overall optimization.
C. No, because this is a specific reliability problem
associated with corrosion and fouling
D. Yes, because they typically require no inspection
resources and do not impact the RBI results.: B
31. Categorizing costs sounds easy, but isn't always practical.
Rather than using precise values, which of the following can
be utilized as an alternate. R2014 MM
A. Consequences may be placed into categories that have
pre-defined economic ranges.
B. Utilization of a Quantitative approach to provide relevant
information.
C. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index can be used.
D. Results from the sensitivity analysis that have been put
into $$ ranges..: A
32. The choice of RBI assessment is dependent on all of the
following except which of the following?
A. Complexity of facilities and processes
B. Available resources
C. Objective of the study
D. Jurisdictional requirements: D
33. Codes and standards such as API-510, 570, and 653 evolved
to an inspection philosophy with elements such as those
listed below except which of the following?
A. Inspection interval based on some percentage of
equipment life...
B. Inspection interval based on manufacturer's proof tests .
C. On-stream in lieu of internal inspection based on low
deterioration rates
D. Consequence based inspection intervals: B
34. Codes and standards such as API-510, 570, and 653 evolved
to an inspection philosophy with elements such as those
listed below except which of the following?
A. Inspection interval based on some percentage of
equipment life
B. Inspection interval based on manufacturer's proof tests
C. On-stream in lieu of internal inspection based on low
deterioration rates
D. Consequence based inspection intervals: B
35. Concentrating on a smaller set of data should produce
which of the following?
A. Inaccurate information
B. More accurate information
C. Identification of damage mechanisms.
D. No appreciable effect on the Risk Based Inspection
program.: B
36. A concept of minimization that postulates that attributes
such as risk can only be reduced to a certain minimum
under current technology and with reasonable cost.
A. Below the ISO-risk line
B. Above the ISO-risk line
C. As low as Reasonably Practical (ALARP)
D. As low as Possible with Current Technology (AlAPCT): C
37. A concept of minimization that postulates that attributes
(such as risk) can only be reduced to a certain minimum
under current technology and with reasonable cost. Is a
definition of which of the following?
A. Deterioration
B. Failure mode
C. Mitigation
D. ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practical ): D
38. The consequence analysis in a risk based inspection
program is performed for which of the following reasons?
A. To define equipment that can be grouped for analysis
B. To provide discrimination between equipment items on
the basis of the significance of potential failure
C. To provide similarities between equipment items to
minimize the significance of potential failure
D. To provide extensive history for future reassessment: B
39. The consequence effects for loss of containment are
generally considered to be in all of the following
categories except:
A. Safety and Health impact
B. Modes of deterioration
C. Environmental impact
D. Production losses: B
40. The consequence effects for loss of containment are
generally considered to be in some specific categories.
Which of the following is not one of the categories
generally evaluated?
A. Environmental Impact
B. Production Loss
C. Safety and Health Impact
D. Unit Value: D
41. The consequence effects for loss of containment can
usually be considered to be in several categories. Which of
the following is not considered as a typical category? 2014
MM
A. Safety and health impact
B. Production losses
C. Inspection and RBI reassessment costs
D. Maintenance and reconstruction costs: C
42. The consequence of environmental damage is best
understood by cost. Cost is determined by:
A. Fines
B. Method of clean-up
C. Cost for cleanup
D. All the above: D
43. Consequences are always negative for which of the
following aspect?
A. Environmental
B. Economic
C. Safety
D. Public opinion: C
44. The costs of environmental consequences are defined as
which of the following?
A. Environmental Cost = Cost of Cleanup + fines - safety
related fines.
B. Environmental Cost = Cost of cleanup + fines x other
costs
C. Environmental Cost = Cost of fluid replacement + fines +
other Costs
D. Environmental Cost = Cost of cleanup + fines + other
Costs: D
45. Damage mechanisms include all of the following except
which one?
A. Event driven mechanisms
B. Corrosion
C. Cracks
D. Metallurgical damage: A
46. Damage tolerance is defined as which of the following?
A. Termination of the ability of a system, structure, or
component to perform its required function of containment
of fluid
B. The amount of deterioration that a component can
withstand without failure
C. A decision to accept a relative amount of deterioration.
D. An tool that characterizes potential accidents in a
graphical manner: B
47. Damage tolerance is defined as which of the following?
A. Termination of the ability of a system, structure, or
component to perform its required function of containment
of fluid
B. The amount of deterioration that a component can
withstand without failure
C. A decision to accept a risk
D. An analytical tool that organizes and characterizes
potential accidents in a logical and graphical manner: B
48. Data need in a qualitative RBI fall into which category?
A. They only need to be categorized into broad ranges or
classifieds versus a reference point
B. Data needs to be provided in logic concepts depicting
combinations of events
C. Data needs to be individually categorized
D. A significant amount of data needs to be collected due
to the absence of expert opinion: A
49. Data Quality stresses the need for a knowledgeable
individual to compare data from the inspections to the
expected deterioration mechanism and rate. This person
may also compare the results with previous measurements
on that system, similar systems at the site or within the
company. This is called?
A. Engineer effectiveness mechanical evaluation
B. ISO-evaluation
C. Risk management
D. Validation step: D
50. Design of this mitigation system is critical, because under
some circumstances they can enhance flame speed.
A. Water Curtain
B. Spray Deluge
C. Emergency isolation
D. Fire monitors: A
51. Determination of inspection effectiveness should consider
all but which of the following?
A. Equipment type
B. Risk tolerance of the equipment
C. Accessibility to expected deterioration areas
D. Rate of deterioration and susceptibility: B
52. An effective PSM program includes which of the following?
A. A well-structured equipment operational manual and a
unit SME
B. Well-structured equipment/maintenance program
supervised by a Reliability Engineer
C. A well-structured inspection program
D. A documented inspection program with Certified
Inspectors: C
53. Effective risk based decision making takes place when
considering what two factors?
A. Probability of an event, and the length of the run
B. Consequence of Failure and POF
C. Time to the next T/A and the corrosion rate
D. Allowances to the T-min versus the nominal corrosion
rate: B
54. Emergency isolation capability can reduce all except which
of the following?
A. Chronic Environmental releases
B. Toxic release
C. Explosion consequence
D. Fire consequence: A
55. End of life inspection RBI strategies may be developed with
fitness for service assessment of damaged components
using which of the following?
A. API RP - 582
B. The users process safety management program
C. API RP-579
D. API RP -578: C
56. Enhancing the survivability of a facility to the consequence
is best described as?
A. Risk tolerance
B. Risk identification
C. A mitigation activity that does not involve inspection
D. The goal of industry standards: C
57. Equipment modification, redesign and rerating utilizing a
MOC process can provide mitigation of which of the
following?
A. Risk assessment
B. POF
C. COF
D. ALARP: B
58. Equipment reliability programs are part of PSM. Their
contribution to PSM is typically which of the following?
A. Identifying potential areas of operational degradation
items
B. Provides input to the probability analysis portion of the
RPI program
C. Contributes to the COF portion of the equation
D. Identifies COF items not considered under other PSM
programs: B
59. Equipment reliability programs can provide which of the
following?
A. Input to the consequence analysis portion of a RBI
program
B. Input to the probability analysis portion of the RBI
program
C. Input to the recovery portion of the PHA program
D. Input to the operating parameters of adjacent
equipment: B
60. Established limits for process variables that can affect the
integrity of the equipment if the process operation deviates
from the established limits for a predetermined amount of
time is also known as which of the following?
A. Best operating practices (BOP)
B. General operating practices (GOP)
C. Integrity operating window (lOW )
D. Engineering standard operations (ESO): C
61. An evaluation of damage mechanisms and failure mode
analysis should result in which of the following?
A. List of credible damage mechanisms, rates and a ranking
of failure modes.
B. list of credible damage mechanisms and damage modes
resulting from the damage mechanisms.
C. List of credible damage mechanisms and a COF
D. Tabulation of credible damage mechanisms and proposed
mitigation.: B
62. Examples where inspection may not be appropriate to
manage risks to accepted levels include all but which of the
following?
A. New equipment
B. Equipment nearing retirement
C. Consequence-dominated risks
D. Failure mechanisms where avoidance of failure primarily
depends on operating within a define
pressure/temperature envelope: A
63. Excessive inspection can have which of the following
effects?
A. Will reduce the consequence level
B. May cause the risk level to increase
C. Will generally reduce the impact of the consequence
level
D. May result in mitigation back to a known level of iso-risk:
B
64. Excessive inspection may have what effect?
A. Will greatly reduce the risk level
B. May cause the risk level to increase
C. Will cause the specific equipment to last twice as long
D. May lead to differing corrosion rates: B
65. Facilities End of Life strategies focus on which one of the
following?
A. on eliminating all inspection activity on the equipment
B. on eliminating maintenance activity on the equipment
C. Keeping the equipment in-service.
D. Inspection efforts on high risk areas: D
66. Failure mode primarily affects which of the following?
A. Magnitude of consequences
B. Duration of consequence
C. Consequence of failure
D. Susceptibility to damage.: A
67. Failure mode primarily affects which of the following?
A. The magnitude of the consequences
B. The magnitude of the repair costs
C. The magnitude of the cost of replacement equipment
D. The magnitude of operational changes: A
68. The fitness and current condition of the equipment within
the current operating envelope will govern which of the
following?
A. The consequence of failure
B. The probability of failure
C. The risk of failure
D. The time of failure: B
69. Flammable events - Most of the damage from a flammable
event is caused by:
A. Blast overpressure
B. Thermal Radiation
C. Thermal radiation & blast overpressure
D. Thermal overpressure: C
70. Flammable events occur when both a leak and ignition
occurs. Flammable events can cause damage in which of the
following two ways?
A. Oxygen depletion and thermal radiation
B. Thermal radiation and blast overpressure
C. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) and
blast overpressure
D. Arc radiation and blast overpressure: B
71. Flammable events occur when what two actions occur? 2014
MM
A. Leak and ignition
B. Source and failure mode exist
C. Ignition and damage mechanism(s) occur.
D. Thermal effects combine with a source: A
72. Focusing on a smaller set of data should result in which of
the following?
A. Inaccurate information
B. More accurate information
C. Increased number of failures
D. No appreciable effect on the RBI Inspection program: B
73. Focusing on a smaller set of data should result in which of
the following?
A. Inaccurate information
B. More accurate information
C. Increased number of failures
D. No appreciable effect on the Risk Based Inspection
program: B
74. The following is a tool used by companies, and regulatory
authorities as one method in determining risk acceptance.
2014 MM
A. Risk criteria
B. Cost benefit analysis
C. Risk evaluation
D. Cost ratio comparison: B
75. For all intents and purposes, a Quantitative Risk Assessment
(QRA) is best described as which of the following?
A. A traditional risk analysis
B. Not applicable to the hydrocarbon and chemical process
industry
C. Derived from both the qualitative and quantitative
approaches
D. Best described as a non-traditional risk analysis: A
76. For an RBI analysis, equipment is often grouped into
systems, loops, or circuits where common conditions exist.
When conducting a systems within process units screening,
selection of systems may be based on all but one of the
following.
A. Relative risk of the system
B. Relative COF of the system
C. Reliability of the system
D. Ease of access for inspection of the system: D
77. For risks considered unacceptable, there are various
mitigation categories. Which of the following is not one of
those categories listed in API-580?
A. Probability mitigation
B. Decommission
C. Assessment mitigation by utilizing Risk Acceptance
D. Inspection/condition monitoring: C
78. The general formula for the probability of fire would be
which of the following? 2014 MM
A. Probability of fire = Consequence of Ignition X
Probability of ignition
B. Probability of Fire = (POF) X (likelihood of Ignition)
C. Probability of Fire= (Probability of ignition) X (COF)
D. Probability of Fire = (POF) X (Failure mode): B
79. General thinning from corrosion generally leads to what
type of failure?
A. Small hole
B. Crack
C. Brittle fracture
D. Larger leaks or rupture: D
80. General thinning from corrosion generally leads to what
type of failure? (Challenge Question)
A. Small Hole
B. Crack
C. Brittle Fracture
D. Larger leaks or rupture: D
81. Identification of the credible damage mechanism and failure
modes for all equipment included in an RBI study is
essential for which of the follow reason?
A. To insure the quality and effectiveness of the risk
analysis
B. To determine the SME's that should be present for the
study
C. To insure that appropriate NDE techniques have been
utilized in the past
D. To adopt a philosophy of COF: A
82. If several inspections have been completed on an
equipment item, which may be best reflect current
operating conditions?
A. The most recent
B. Short term corrosion rate.
C. Long term corrosion rate.
D. Experience with similar equipment: A
83. If the probability and consequence of an RBI is high enough,
then which of the following is a proper answer?
A. The process must be analyzed to insure the results, and
possibly shut down
B. Mitigation action is recommended
C. The threshold on the iso-risk line should be reviewed
D. The risk matrix should be altered to align with the new
threat: B
84. If the probability and consequence (risk) is high enough to
be unacceptable then which of the following is true?
A. That process must be immediately shut down
B. The entire facility must be evacuated
C. Management personnel must be replaced
D. Mitigation action is recommended: D
85. If the probability and consequence (risk) is high enough to
be unacceptable then which of the following is true?
A. That process must be immediately shut down
B. The iso risk line should be re-evaluate
C. The risk should be re-assessed with additional experts
D. Mitigation action is recommended: D
86. In a consequence analysis, the maintenance and
reconstruction impact is generally measured in monetary
terms. It typically includes repairs and _____________.
A. Equipment preventative maintenance cost
B. Logistics
C. Loss of production
D. Equipment replacement: D
87. In a consequence evaluation, a important part in
determining the extent of the consequence is which of the
following?
A. Time of the consequence event
B. Detailed cost assessment
C. The volume of fluid released
D. Number and types of inspections: C
88. In a consequence study, the maintenance and
reconstruction impact is generally measured in financial
terms. It typically includes repairs and:
A. Production changes
B. Equipment upgrades
C. Loss of production
D. Equipment replacement: D
89. In addition to the amount of equipment items included in
the RBI analysis, which of the following best describes why
the resources and time required to implement an RBI
assessment will depend on?
A. Ease of use of the RBI software.
B. Turnaround schedule for the assessed unit.
C. Risk of the assessed unit.
D. Availability and quality of necessary data and
information.: D
90. In an RBI analysis, reliable data has a relation to which of
the following?
A. The planned cost of the mitigating inspection plan.
B. Which of the analysis' approaches to use
C. The relative accuracy of the RBI analysis
D. The type of personnel involved in the analysis: C
91. In determining the Probability of a Specific Consequence,
there will be other consequences that should be addressed.
Which of the following is a true statement? 2014 MM
A. Unit inspector's judgment should be used to eliminate
non-credible failures
B. The mean average data should be used to eliminate non-
credible failures
C. Engineering judgment and experience should be used to
eliminate trivial cases
D. The POF should be used to eliminate non-credible
failures: C
92. In general, a risk based inspection program will be managed
by:
A. Professional Engineer (PE)
B. Plant Inspectors and Operations engineers
C. Management and process safety personnel
D. Plant inspectors and inspection engineers: D
93. In general, which of the following would most likely manage
the consequence side of the risk equation?
A. Management and process safety personnel
B. Plant inspectors and inspection engineers
C. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index.
D. The owner/user's insurance company: A
94. In most consequence evaluations, a key element in
determining the magnitude of consequence is:
A. The volume of fluid released
B. Leak rate
C. Detection and isolation time
D. The failure mode: A
95. In RBI, environmental consequences typically focus on what
type of risks?
A. Only those that affect personnel
B. Acute and immediate rather than chronic
C. Only those that are "reportable"
D. Dynamic and sustained: B
96. In RBI terms, this is known as "the source of harm":
A. Hazard
B. Source
C. Hazardous Chemical
D. Toxic Chemical: A
97. In reviewing the following, which is not covered by API RP
580?
A. Heat exchangers
B. Heat recovery boilers on process units
C. Pressure vessels
D. Ladders and platforms: D
98. In reviewing the following, which is not covered by API RP
580?
A. Heat exchangers
B. Relief valves
C. Pressure vessels
D. Building structures: D
99. In risk determination, assessment and management, is it true
that risk acceptance may vary for different risks?
A. Yes
B. Yes, but it must comply with OSHA standards
C. No, never
D. No, but API 580 is currently evaluating this decision: A
100. Inspection activities will increase information on the
condition of the equipment. When inspection activities have
been performed, the results should be reviewed for which
of the following reason?
A. The perform inspection grading
B. To determine if an RBI reassessment is necessary
C. To insure the same inspection procedures were
performed at each inspection
D. To determine if prior assumptions were correct: B
101. Inspection is a risk management activity that does which of
the following?
A. May lead to higher costs in managing the risk
B. May lead to unnecessary downtime due to additional
inspection time
C. May lead to risk reduction
D. May lead to decreased personnel requirement: C
102. Inspection programs vary in their effectiveness for locating
and sizing deterioration and thus fit which of the following
descriptions?
A. Are very ineffective in determining deterioration
mechanisms
B. Do not rely on extensive use of nondestructive
examination techniques
C. Provide little or no information pertaining to
deterioration mechanisms
D. Vary in their ability to determine deterioration
mechanisms: D
103. Inspection services identify, monitor and measure the
damage mechanisms. Inspection also provides which of the
following?
A. A better understanding into the COF
B. Input in the prediction of when the deterioration will
reach a critical point
C. The resources to document corrosion rates
D. An understanding of where and when corrosion will
occur: C
104. In the relationship between RBI and other risk-based safety
initiatives, equipment reliability programs (such as Rotating
Equipment Monitoring) can be a contributor to RBI. How
can these equipment reliability measurement programs
contribute to RBI?
A. They can provide data on the consequence analysis
portion of the RBI
B. They do provide data on the equivalent spare pump in-
service rates
C. They provide input to the probability analysis portion of
the RBI program
D. They provide economics for the COF portion of the RBI
calculation: C
105. The level of the unmitigated risk should be used to evaluate
which of the following?
A. The cost of repair versus run to destruction
B. The criticality of performing the inspection
C. The number of inspectors to assign to the inspection
activity
D. The amount of leakage permitted by jurisdictional
authorities: B
106. Loss of containment is commonly described as?
A. Loss of toxic material to the environment.
B. Loss of any material from a PSM covered facility.
C. Loss of fluid to the environment
D. Loss of vapor to the environment: C
107. The main production consequences for RBI are which of the
following?
A. Financial
B. The environmental impact to the surrounding area
C. The number of employees that must be laid-off
D. The increase in deterioration rates due to the
consequence: A
108. Materials that can cause burns include steam, hot water,
acids and caustics. These are a concern, and RBI classifies
them as what type of Consequence of Failure?
A. Toxic release
B. Thermal release
C. Hazardous fluids
D. Environmental: C
109. The objective of RBI is to determine the _____ of an
equipment failure and ______ that the incident could occur.
A. culprit, belief
B. location, reporting
C. consequence, probability
D. cause, probability: C
110. Occurrence of a particular set of circumstances. This may be
certain or uncertain.
A. Fault
B. Risk
C. Hazard
D. Event: D
3.1.14
event
Occurrence of a particular set of circumstances. The event
may be certain or uncertain. The event can be singular or
multiple. The probability of an event occurring within a given
period of time can be estimated.
111. Of all the Units of measure in a consequence analysis, which
is the least developed among those currently used for RBI?
A. Environmental damage
B. Affected area
C. Cost
D. Safety: A
112. Once a sensitivity study is completed, the user has which of
the following opportunities?
A. See which variables significantly influence plant
throughput
B. See which variables significantly influence the risk value
C. See which equipment can be eliminated as being
insignificant to the process
D. See the rate of deterioration and susceptibility: B
113. One approach of a quantitative probability analysis is to
take a probabilistic approach. In this approach:
A. Specific failure data is used to calculate a probability of
failure
B. General failure data is used to calculate a probability of
failure
C. Relative failure data is used to calculate a probability of
failure
D. Generic failure data is used to calculate a probability of
failure: A
114. One goal of the Risk Analyst is to accomplish which of the
following?
A. Provide training on RBI methodology.
B. Isolate low priority data identified by the sensitivity
analysis
C. Evaluate the conformity of the software to API standards
D. Communicate the results of the RBI in an understandable
way.: D
115. One of the most important aspects of managing risk through
RBI is which of the following?
A. Development and use of mitigation strategies
B. Acquiring qualified personnel for the RBI assessment.
C. Insuring the quality of all data
D. Adequately imputing all data into the RBI computer
program: A
116. One RBI team member that should be full-time is: R2014 MM
A. Equipment Inspector or Inspection specialist
B. The Team Leader
C. The Process specialist
D. The Corrosion specialist: B
117. Only by considering what two factors can an effective risk-
based decision making take place?
A. Consequence of failure and probability of failure
B. Projected time to failure, and end of life strategy
C. Economic impact and cost of product loss
D. Environmental and safety consequences: A
118. Part of using risk assessment in inspection and maintenance
planning of equipment is all of the following except which
one??
A. Determining what to inspect
B. Determining where to inspect
C. Determining how to inspect
D. Determining who should inspect: D
119. Performing a RBI assessment can establish the susceptibility
of equipment to deterioration such as all of the following
but one. Which one is not true?
A. Improper operation
B. Fatigue
C. Corrosion
D. Cracking: A
120. Per the 580, risk is explained as which of the following?
A. The relative acceptability of an event as it relates to
safety, the environment, and total damage
B. A concept to be minimized or avoided
C. The certainty of an event happening and the
consequences of the event as a result of the environment
D. A combination of the probability of some event
occurring during a time period of interest and the
consequences.: D
121. Plant Inspectors or Inspection Engineers normally manage
risk by managing the POF with inspection and maintenance.
Who has the ability to adjust the COF?
A. Process Safety Manager
B. Plant inspectors and Inspection Engineers
C. Management
D. Management, and process safety personnel: D
122. The POF is calculated with two considerations. Which of the
two are they?
A. Deterioration mechanisms and Effectiveness of
inspection program to identify the mechanism
B. The effectiveness of the inspection program to identify
the deterioration mechanism, and the corrosion engineer's
ability to determine where the corrosion will occur
C. The effectiveness of the equipment used to detect the
corrosion , and the rate of deterioration or susceptibility
D. Equipment type and the credible deterioration
mechanism(s): A
123. The primary work product of the RBI assessment are:
A. Plans that address ways to manage risk
B. Development of a risk matrix'
C. Risk Reduction
D. Cost Reduction: A
124. The probability and consequence analysis should be
worked interactively. This is because the failure mode
primarily affects:
A. Deterioration tolerance
B. The magnitude of the consequences
C. The likelihood of failure.
D. The magnitude of the overall risk: B
125. The probability of credible events leading up to the specific
consequence ........
A. Identifies the active and credible deterioration
mechanisms
B. Must be added to the deterioration mechanism and then
factored into the probability of the specific consequences
occurring
C. Should be discounted since they were previously
assessed during the RBI
D. Should be factored into the probability of the specific
consequence occurring: D
126. The probability of credible events leading up to the specific
consequence is expressed as which of the following?
A. Should define the active and credible deterioration
mechanisms
B. Should be factored into the probability of a general
consequence occurring
C. Should be discounted since they were previously
assessed during the RBI
D. Should be factored into the probability of the specific
consequence occurring: D
127. A probability of failure can be determined, for each
deterioration type and failure mode, by combining all but
which of the following?
A. The expected damage mechanism
B. Inspection data and inspection effectiveness
C. All the operating data from a similar process system
D. Rate or susceptibility: C
128. Process Hazard Analysis risk assessments focus on the
process unit design and operating practices and their
adequacy of the unit's current and anticipated operating
conditions. RBI compliments the PHA by which of the
following?
A. Focusing on the mechanical integrity related damage
mechanisms and risk management through inspection
B. Focusing on the internal training programs of the RBI
inspectors and their supervisors
C. Focusing on the design parameters to ensure the
equipment is adequate for the selected process
D. Focusing on the availability of replacement parts or
installed back up equipment: A
129. A Process Hazards Analysis (PHA) uses a systemized
approach to identify and analyze hazards in a process unit.
Therefore, hazards associated with potential equipment
failure due to in-service degradation identified in the PHA
can be which of the following?
A. Can be completely eliminated by the RBI activity
B. Specifically addressed in the RBI analysis
C. Documented in the PHA and offered as mitigation in RBI
activity
D. Misleading to RBI, because PHA has a different focus: B
130. Process unit screening may assign priorities based on each
of the following except which one?
A. Relative risk of the process units
B. Relative economic impact of the process unit
C. Relative population density
D. Turnaround schedule: C
131. Production (Business Interruption) consequences are
measured in what terms of measure?
A. Loss of reputation
B. Financial
C. Loss of client base
D. Loss of supplier base: B
132. The purpose of a water curtain is to?
A. Absorption of vapors
B. Absorption of vapors and dilution of insoluble vapors
C. Extinguish fire damage and minimize or prevent
escalation
D. Provide an escape route for affected personnel: B
133. The purpose of establishing operational boundaries is which
of the following?
A. To identify minor process parameters that will have little
impact on deterioration
B. To identify who is responsible for operational up-sets
C. To identify areas in the operating unit that can be
operated outside the boundary limits with no impact on
safety
D. To identify key process parameters that may impact
deterioration: D
134. The purpose of establishing operational boundaries is which
of the following?
A. To identify minor process parameters that will have little
impact on deterioration
B. To identify who is responsible for operational up-sets
C. To identify areas in the operating unit that can be
operated outside the boundary limits with no impact on
safety.
D. To identify key process parameters that may impact
deterioration: D
135. A QRA deals with risk associated with equipment damage
but also which of the following?
A. Total Risk
B. Overall Risk
C. Entire Risk
D. Whole Risk: A
136. The QRA is usually comprised of multiple tasks. Which of
the following is not one of these tasks?
A. Systems identification
B. Hazards identification
C. Probability assessment
D. Required personnel: D
137. A QRA uses logic and physical models. Therefore, what can
be said about input data?
A. Expect opinion plays a vital role
B. A high degree of certainty is needed
C. Less detailed information and data are needed
D. More detailed information and data are needed: D
138. The quantitative consequence analysis involves using a
logic model depicting combinations of events to represent
the effects of failure on all of the following except which
one?
A. The environment
B. Property
C. Toxic release
D. People: C
139. Quantitative risk analysis logic models generally consist of
event trees and fault trees. Event trees delineate initiating
events and which of the following?
A. System successes and profits
B. System successes and failures
C. System successes and personnel failures
D. System successes and total run times: B
140. Quantitative risk analysis uses what type of model to depict
combinations of events that could result in severe
accidents.
A. Logical models
B. Conscious Models
C. Logic models
D. Physical models: C
141. Quantitative risk analysis uses what type of model to depict
combinations of events that could result in severe
accidents.
A. Logic models
B. Physical models
C. Conscious Models
D. Eccentric models: A
142. Quantitative Risk Assessments are generally performed by
which of the following person?
A.The unit inspector
B. An experienced risk analyst
C. Owner/user quality manager
D. Reliability engineer: B
143. The RBI assessment may recognize risks that may be
managed by actions other than inspection. Some of these
actions may include all but which of the following?
A. Chemical treatment of the process to reduce
deterioration rates
B. Change metallurgy of components to reduce POF
C. Upgrade safety, detection, or loss limiting systems
D. Positive identification of the COF: D
144. RBI can be used to optimize inspection costs that directly
affect life cycle. Which of the following is not an example
of how RBI can assist in lowering overall life cycle costs
through various cost benefit assessments
A. RBI should enhance the prediction of failures caused by
deterioration mechanisms
B. RBI is fundamentally based on the ability to have team
based decisions
C. RBI can accurately identify where to inspect and what
repairs / replacements to expect & T/A work
D. RBI can access the effects of changing to a more
aggressive fluid: B
145. RBI could be expanded to include failures other than loss of
containment. Examples of other failures and failure modes
are:
A. Pressure relief devices (plugging, fouling, nonactivation)
B. Instrument and control systems
C. Structural Systems
D. Machinery Components: A
146. RBI is an integrated management tool that addresses an
area not fully addressed in other organizational risk
management efforts such as which of the following?
A. Process Safety Management (PSM) or Remaining Life
Evaluation (RLE)
B. Process Hazards Analyses (PHA) or Remaining Life
Evaluation (RLE)
C. Process Safety Management (PSM) or Reliability
Centered Maintenance (RCM)
D. PHA, Integrity Operating Window (IOW), or Reliability
Centered Maintenance (RCM): D
147. RBI is a substitute for:
A. Process Hazards Analysis (PHA)
B. Hazards and operability Study (HAZOP)
C. Mechanical Integrity (MI) Programs
D. None of the Above: D
148. RBI is a Team Approach. Who on the team is responsible for
assessing the effectiveness of past inspections?
A. The Team Leader
B. The Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist
C. The Corrosion Specialist
D. The Inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist: D
149. RBI is a Team Approach. Who on the team is responsible for
providing recommendations on methods of mitigating the
POF (such as coatings/linings, etc.)?
A. The Team leader
B. The Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist
C. The Corrosion Specialist
D. The inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist: C
150. RBI is a team method. Who on the team is responsible for
evaluating the usefulness of historical inspections?
A.The Team Leader and Risk Analyst
B. The Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist
C. The Corrosion Specialist
D. The Inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist: D
151. RBI is based on proven risk assessment and management
principles however it will not compensate for which one of
the following except......?
A. Lack of sound engineering or operational judgment.
B. Not purchasing critical path equipment .
C. Inaccurate or missing information.
D. Lack of qualified personnel or teamwork.: B
152. RBI is based on sound, proven risk assessment and
management principles. However, RBI will not compensate
for the following except:
A. Not completely implementing plans of risk reduction
B. Lack of experienced and knowledgeable personnel or
teamwork
C. Excess corrosion rates or materials in cracking
environments
D. Inaccurate or missing information: C
153. RBI is focused on a systematic determination of which of
the following?
A. Risk tolerance
B. Relative risks
C. Absolute risk
D. Average risk: B
154. RBI is focused on a systematic determination of which of
the following?
A. Safety Risks
B. Relative Risks
C. Absolute Risks
D. Tangible Risks: B
155. RBI is focused on a systematic determination of which of
the following?
A. Total facility operating costs
B. Relative risks
C. Absolute risk
D. Average risk factors: B
156. RBI is not exclusively an inspection activity and requires the
involvement of various segments of the organization such
as engineering, maintenance, and which of the following?
A. The jurisdiction where the pressure equipment is
installed.
B. The senior vice president of the owner company.
C. Operations .
D. The American Petroleum Institute: C
157. RBI is not exclusively an inspection activity and requires the
involvement of various segments of the organization such
as engineering, maintenance, and which of the following?
A. The jurisdiction where the pressure equipment is installed
B. The senior vice president of the owner company
C. Operations
D. The American Petroleum Institute: C
158. RBI represents:
A. A method to focus attention specifically on deterioration
methods that are of unknown consequences
B. The next generation of inspection approaches and
interval setting
C. A method of basing decisions on the consequence of
failure
D. A method of increasing the effectiveness of inspection
reporting for vessels nearing end of life: B
159. RBI uses a team. Who on the team is accountable for
providing the resources and follow-up system to implement
the risk mitigation choices? R2014 MM
A. Team Leader
B. Environmental and Safety Personnel
C. Equipment Inspector or Inspection specialist
D. Management: D
160. RBI will not compensate for:
A. Inaccurate or missing information
B. Corrosion mechanisms
C. Qualified personnel
D. Sound engineering: A
161. RBI works with codes and standards such as API 510, 570 &
653 to:
A. Extend inspection intervals and provide relevant
documentation.
B. Use inspection philosophy such as intervals based on
some percentage of equipment life (such as half-life)
C. Utilize probability based inspection intervals
D. Document inspection philosophy such interval
extensions.: B
With advances in inspection approaches, and better
understanding of the type and rate of deterioration, inspection
intervals/due dates became more dependent on the equipment
condition (i.e. condition-based inspection), rather than
what might have been an arbitrary calendar date. Codes and
standards such as API 510, API 570, and API 653
evolved to an inspection philosophy with elements such as:
a) inspection intervals/due dates based on some percentage
of equipment life (such as 1/2 life);
b) on-stream inspection in lieu of internal inspection based on
low deterioration rates;
c) internal inspection requirements for damage mechanisms
related to process environment induced cracking;
d) consequence-based inspection intervals/due dates.
162. Reducing inspection costs is usually not the primary
objective of an RBI assessment, but it is frequently a side
effect of optimization. When optimized, which of the
following is not true?
A. Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection
activities may be eliminated
B. Inspection of low risk items may be totally eliminated
C. On-line inspection methods can be substitute for
invasive methods
D. Less experienced Inspectors can be utilized to replace
the high demand experienced people: D
163. Regardless of what RBI approach is used, what two items
are beneficial to the accuracy and quality of an RBI analysis
regarding the data input?
A. All data is averaged and standardized.
B. Input data is current, and validated by knowledgeable
persons
C. All data is validated and attained by credible people.
D. Sensitivity analysis has been run on data, and bad data
removed.: B
164. Releases of other hazardous fluids, other than toxic, are of
most concern in risk based inspection assessments when
they affect which of the following?
A. The corporation's bottom line
B. Personnel
C. Only the environment
D. Process equipment: B
165. Results of a quantitative risk assessment are usually
presented in what format?
A. numeric
B. analytical
C. detailed
D. accute: A
166. The results of a Semi-quantitative risk analysis approach are
usually given in what form?
A. Equipment specific work plan
B. Analysis results plotted on the iso-risk line
C. Through the use of logic tree models
D. With the use of failure mode models: A
167. A risk assessment and management process that is focused
on loss of containment of pressurized equipment in
processing facilities, due to material deterioration is a
definition of which of the following?
A. Risk management
B. Event tree
C. Risk mitigation
D. Risk based inspection: D
168. Risk Assessment teams should have specific training. The
detailed training should cover which of the following two
subjects? R2014 MM
A. RBI methodology and the procedures being used for the
RBI assessment
B. Procedures being used for the RBI assessment & the use
of the Risk Assessment Diagram
C. Use of the Risk Assessment Diagram, and the method to
determine the POF
D. How to determine POF & COF: A
169. "Risk based inspection is expressed as which of the
following?
A. A tool to provide an analysis of the risk of loss of
containment of equipment
B. A tool to provide an analysis of the cost of replacement
of equipment
C. A tool to provide an analysis for the length of time a
turnaround will take
D. A tool to provide an analysis for the most cost effective
operating parameters: A
170. A risk based inspection program will be managed by:
A. Professional Engineer (PE)
B. Plant Inspectors and the software being utilized.
C. Management and process safety personnel
D. Plant inspectors and inspection engineers: D
171. Risk can be calculated, mathematically, using which of the
following formula?
A. Risk= Certainty x Consequence
B. Risk= Probability+ Consequence
C. Risk = Certainty + Consequence
D. Risk= Probability x Consequence: D
172. Risk cannot be reduced to zero solely by inspection
efforts. Which of the following is not a residual risk factor
for loss of containment?
A. Design Errors
B. Process Creep
C. Unknown mechanisms of deterioration
D. Consequential efforts from associated equipment in the
same unit: B
173. Risk management plans should be adjusted on what
frequency?
A. Annually
B. As new data becomes available
C. Only when operational changes to equipment are made
D. Once every six months: B
174. Risk management plans should be adjusted on what
frequency?
A. Annually
B. As new data becomes available
C. When operational changes are made
D. Once every six months: B
175. A risk matrix is one method of communicating the
distribution of risks throughout a plant or process unit.
When more quantitative consequence and probability data
are being used; which of the following would provide
additional information? R2014 MM
A. HAZOP study
B. Fault tree
C. Risk plot
D. Failure mode and effect analysis: C
176. A risk matrix is one method of communicating the
distribution of risks throughout a plant or process unit.
When more quantitative consequence and probability data
are being used; which of the following would provide more
meaningful information?
A. As-built drawing
B. Isometric drawing
C. Risk plot
D. P&ID.: C
177. Risk reduction and risk management can be considered:
A. Synonymous and equal.
B. Risk reduction is only a part of risk management
C. A risk management tool.
D. Part of systematic approach for risk identification: B
178. Risk reduction is defined as which of the following?
A. Actions taken to lessen the probability of a particular
risk.
B. A process of selecting and implementing measures to
modify a risk
C. A decision not to become involved in or action to
withdraw from a risk situation
D. A process to assign values to the probability and
consequence of a risk: A
179. Risk reduction is defined as which of the following?
A. As low as regulations permit
B. As long as risk is possible
C. As low as reasonably practical
D. American legal assistance risk prevention: C
180. Risk reduction is defined as which of the following?
A. The act of mitigating a known risk to an acceptable level
of risk .
B. A process of selecting and implementing measures to
modify a risk.
C. A decision not to become involved in or action to
withdraw from a risk situation.
D. A process to assign values to the probability and
consequence of a risk.: A.
181. Risk reduction is defined as which of the following?
A. The act of mitigating a known risk to an acceptable level
of risk
B. A process of selecting and implementing measures to
modify a risk
C. A decision not to become involved in or action to
withdraw from a risk situation
D. A process to assign values to the probability and
consequence of a risk: A
182. Risk reduction is defined by which of the following?
A. A process of selecting and implementing actions to
modify a risk
B. The act of mitigating a known risk to an acceptable level
of risk
C. The act of not becoming involved in or an action to
withdraw from a risk situation
D. A process to assess probability and consequence of risk:
B
183. Several things are not covered by API RP 580. Which of the
following is an example of something that is covered by
API RP 580?
A. Instrument and control systems
B. Elevated municipal water storage tank
C. Electrical systems
D. Structural systems: B
184. Some risks cannot be adequately managed by inspection
alone. Examples where inspection may not be sufficient to
manage risks to accepted levels include all but which of the
following?
A. Equipment nearing retirement
B. Failure dominated risks
C. Failure mechanisms where avoidance of failure primarily
depends on operating within a defined
pressure/temperature envelope
D. Consequence-dominated risk: B
185. Terms of reference by which the significance of risk is
assessed. This may include associated cost and benefits,
legal and statutory requirements, socio-economic and
environmental aspects and other inputs to the assessment:
A. Risk Avoidance
B. Risk Criteria
C. Risk Identification
D. Quantitative Risk: B
186. There are several units of measure in consequence analysis.
Which of the following is not one of those units as
described by RBI?
A. Health and safety
B. Affected area
C. Environmental damage
D. Alternate allocations of operating expenses: D
187. This has a mathematical definition as "a real number in the
scale 0-1 attached to a random event."
A. Mitigation
B. Quantitative risk
C. Risk
D. Probability: D
188. This is a methodology whereby damage contained within a
component is assessed in order to determine acceptability.
A. RBI
B. Fitness-for-service
C. risk acceptance
D. risk mitigation: B
189. This is a orderly decision to accept the combination of the
probability of an event and its consequence. It depends on
risk criteria.
A. ISO line
B. Risk Acceptance
C. Risk Avoidance
D. Risk Communication: B
190. This is commonly used as an indicator of potential
consequences:
A. Costs
B. Risk
C. Probability (likelihood)
D. Extent to which an event is likely to occur within the time
frame under consideration: A
191. This is described as a function of computational methods.
A. Data assessment
B. Precision
C. Accuracy
D. Data validation: B
It is important to understand the difference between precision
and accuracy when it comes to risk analysis. Accuracy
is a function of the analysis methodology, the quality of the
data, and consistency of application, while precision is a
function of the selected metrics and computational methods.
Risk presented as a precise numeric value (as in a
quantitative analysis) implies a greater level of accuracy when
compared to a risk matrix (as in a qualitative analysis).
However, the implied linkage of precision and accuracy may
not exist because of the element of uncertainty that is
inherent with probabilities and consequences.
192. This is described as a model depicting the progression of
accidents, transport of a hazardous material to the
environment.
A. Risk model
B. Logic model
C. Concentric model
D. Physical model: D
Quantitative RBI uses logic models depicting combinations of
events that could result in severe accidents and
physical models depicting the progression of accidents and
the transport of a hazardous material to the environment.
The models are evaluated probabilistically to provide both
qualitative and quantitative insights about the level of risk
and to identify the design, site, or operational characteristics
that are the most important to risk. Hence, more detailed
information and data are needed for a fully quantitative RBI in
order to provide input for the models.
193. This is the term for a limitation of any harmful consequence
or reduction in probability of a particular event:
A. Mitigation
B. Hazard Assessment
C. Damage mode.
D. Probability Risk Ranking: A
194. Toxic consequences are typically not derived from which of
the following?
A. Thermal radiation
B. Population in the vicinity of the release
C. Detection and mitigation systems
D. Volume of fluid releases and toxicity: A
195. Toxic release consequence is typically including all of the
following but one. Which one does not belong?
A. Population in the vicinity of the release
B. Volume of fluid released and toxicity
C. Ability to disperse under typical process and
environmental conditions
D. The replacement cost of the toxic fluid: D
196. Toxic releases in RBI are addressed under what
circumstances?
A. Only discussed & documented within the company
B. Are only addressed when they affect personnel
C. Only discussed when OSHA investigates
D. Evaluated when they are a reportable quantity: B
197. A traditional quantitative risk assessment is comprised of
several tasks. Which of the following is not considered as
one of the common tasks?
A. Systems identification
B. Probability assessment
C. Personnel identification
D. Consequence analysis: C
198. Typically, a Risk Based assessment is done on which of the
following?
A. On multiple pieces of equipment
B. On a single component
C. Annually
D. One-half the remaining life but not to exceed ten years:
A
199. Typically, PHA focus on which one of the following?
A. The mechanical integrity related damage mechanisms
B. Risk management through inspections
C. Process unit design and operating practices and their
adequacy.
D. Understanding failure modes, addressing the modes and
therefore improving reliability: C
200. The ultimate goal of inspection is what purpose?
A. To promote better relationships with the surrounding
communities
B. Safety and reliability of operating facilities
C. To provide gainful employment for inspection personnel
D. To determine which operating method is most
economical: B
201. The ultimate goal of inspection is what purpose?
A. To provide an inspection plan
B. Safety and reliability of operating equipment
C. To identify inspection methods and techniques
D. Safety and reliability of operating facilities: D
202. The ultimate goal of inspection is what purpose?
A. To reduce inspection costs
B. Safety and reliability of operating facilities
C. To reduce T/A time
D. To determine which inspection technique is most
economical: B
203. Understanding the damage mechanism is important for
which of the following?
A. Analysis of the COF
B. Analysis of the POF
C. Ability to make decisions that can eliminate or reduce
the consequence.
D. Analysis of the reassessment type: B
204. The unit run length of the process unit or pieces of
equipment is an significant limit to consider for what
reason?
A. The RBI assessment may include the entire operational
life
B. Inspection frequency may be time based rather than risk
based.
C. The RBI assessment time period is limited by the API
standards 510, 570, & 653
D. The unit run length has no bearing on an RBI assessment:
A
205. The units for affected area consequence (square foot or
square meters) do not convert into routine experiences.
One drawback is which of the following?
A. It does not include the business impact of failure.
B. It does not include the safety impact of failure.
C. A common unit of measure for environmental damage is
not available with current technology.
D. It does not include the health impact of failure.: A
206. Using the formula ""Risk of a specific consequence=
(Probability of a Specific Consequence) X (Specific
Consequence)"" it is possible to calculate the risk for each
specific consequence. Regarding this statement, which of
the following is a true statement?
A. The total risk is the sum of the minor risks for each
specific consequence.
B. This formula cannot be used to determine total risk
C. The total risk is the sum of the individual risks for each
specific consequence
D. The total risk is the sum of the individual risks plus
probability of fire for each specific consequence: C
207. Utilization of RBI provides a method for constantly
improving the inspection of facilities and reducing the risk
associated with which of the following?
A. Operational upsets.
B. Improper repair activity.
c. Pressure boundary failures
D. Severe consequences.: C
208. Utilization of RBI provides a vehicle for continuously
improving the inspection of facilities and systematically
reducing the risk associated with which of the following?
A. Hazard and operability assessment.
B. Improper repair activity.
C. Pressure boundary failures .
D. Severe consequences: C
209. Utilization of RBI provides a vehicle for continuously
improving the inspection of facilities and systematically
reducing the risk associated with which of the following?
A. Operational upsets
B. Improper repair activity
C. Pressure boundary failures
D. Severe consequences: C
210. The volume of fluid released is typically derived form a
combination of all of the following except which one?
A. Best guess by experienced and trained operating
personel
B. Volume of fluid available for release
C. Failure mode
D. Leak rate: A
211. Water curtain design is critical for the following reason.
A. It must be located in "critical" areas for flame
extinguishing
B. The water curtain can enhance flame speed under some
circumstances
C. Spraying on hot thick walled vessels can promote Stress
Corrosion Cracking
D. It must relieve at fire temperatures and not extreme
operating temperature conditions: B
212. What does the acronym BLEVE stand for?
A. Brine Levels Expand Vapor Equilibrium
B. Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
C. Below Estimated Value Earnings
D. Basic Limitations External to a Vessel Examination: B
213. What has a group of systems arranged in a specific fashion
to produce a product? R2014 MM
A. A process unit
B. A facility
C A corrosion loop
D. RBI software: A
214. What is a methodology whereby damage of
flaws/imperfections contained within a component or
equipment item are assessed in order to determine
acceptability for continues service.
A. RBI mitigation assessment
B. Fitness for service assessment
C. Inspection grading
D. Rerating: B
215. What is an "ISO-risk line?
A. An RBI standard developed by International
Organization for Standardization
B. Inspection Safety and Operational RBI Standard
C. A constant risk level
D. Inspection Safety and Health risk constant: C
216. What is a source for more information on risk acceptance?
A. A Comparison of Criteria for Acceptance of Risk
B. Dow Fire and Explosion Risk Index
C. EPA Risk Management Plan (RMP) Regulations
D. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.110, Criteria for Acceptance of Risk: A
217. What is the process of including inspection data or other
changes into the risk analysis?
A. Risk Management
B. Reassessment
C. Risk assessment
D. HAZOP: B
218. What is the process of integrating the most recent
inspection data or other process and maintenance
alterations into the risk analysis? R2014 MM
A. RBI evaluation
B. RBI reassessment
C. RBI mitigation
D. RBI identification: B
219. What is the purpose of a Sensitivity Analysis?
A. To determine what the environmental impact could be
B. To determine what environmental safeguards are in place
C. To determine what input variables deserve closer
scrutiny versus others that may not have significant effects
D. To determine the attitude of local "affected population"
to any degree of environmental impact: C
220. What RBI team member is responsible for providing data
on the occurrences when the process deviated from the
limits of the process operating envelope (IOW)?
A. Systems Control Engineer
B. Operations and Maintenance Personnel
C. Process Specialist
D. Management: B
221. What team member should preferably be a stakeholder in
the facility/equipment being analyzed in the RBI
assessment?
A. Corrosion Specialist
B. Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist
C. Team Leader
D. Process Specialist: C
222. When assessing POF and defining frequency. How is
frequency normally expressed?
A. Probability
B. Events per year
C. Duration
D. Susceptibility: B
223. When assessing the consequence of failure, RBI is mainly
concerned with loss of containment failures. However,
other functional failures could be included. Which of the
following would not be included?
A. Failure of Internal components of pressure containing
equipment
B. Heat exchanger tube failure
C. Pressure relief device failure
D. Plant wide power failure.: D
224. When calculating the POF, what is needed for each
deterioration type and failure mode?
A. Expected deterioration mechanism, rate or susceptibility,
inspection data and effectiveness
B. Expected deterioration rate or susceptibility, inspection
data and effectiveness
C. Expected deterioration rate or susceptibility, inspection
data /effectiveness and risk level
D. Expected deterioration rate or susceptibility, inspection
data / effectiveness, associated inspection/maintenance
costs: A
225. When calculating the Risk of a Fire, the consequence of
that fire has been assessed at $1,000,000, while the
Probability of fire has been determined to be 0.0001 per
year, what is the resulting Risk of Fire?
$100/year
$200/year
$300/year
$500/year: A
226. When calculating the Risk of a Fire, the consequence of
that fire has been assessed at $2,000,000, while the
Probability of fire has been determined to be 0.00002 per
year, what is the resulting Risk of Fire?
A. $40/year
B. $20/year
C. $200/year
D. $400/year: A
227. When conducting a Quantitate review, there are several
approaches for data used to calculate the POF. Which of the
following is correct?
A. All data is evaluated and scrubbed.
B. Probabilistic and /or Industry, company or manufacturer
failure data can be used.
C. In-situ testing or in-service monitoring should be
considered as a mitigation.
D. All historic data should be considered, even if there was
a change in service.: B
228. When determining a dominant probability / consequence
pair, it is not always necessary to include every credible
scenario in the analysis. With this in mind, this makes which
one of the following statements true?
A. Certain cases can be ignored if they are not related to
the environment
B. Certain cases can be ignored if the Safety manager
agrees
C. Certain cases can be ignored if the Safety manager
agrees
D. Engineering judgment and experience should be used to
eliminate trivial cases: D
229. When determining the deterioration susceptibility and rate,
the best data will be derived from which of the following?
A. Operating experiences where conditions could
realistically be expected to occur in the equipment under
consideration
B. Previous Inspection Data
C. Experience with similar equipment
D. Published Data: A
230. When determining the POF, there are several sources for
determining the amount of deterioration. Which of the
following is the best source?
A. Published data
B. Laboratory testing
C. Actual operating experience
D. Expert opinion: C
231. When directing a facilities screening, RBI is typically
conducted on what level?
A. The entire refinery or plant
B. A single component within a single piece of equipment
C. Multiple pieces of equipment
D. A single unit: A
232. When establishing operating boundaries, how should
changes in the process resulting from abnormal or upset
conditions is evaluated?
A. They should be ignored due to their short term existence
B. They should be considered in the RBI assessment
C. They should be notification points for inspection
personnel
D. They documented for consideration if potential
mitigation is assessed: B
233. When establishing operating boundaries, startup and shut
down conditions as well as emergency and non-routine
conditions should be reviewed for their potential effect on
which of the following?
A. Consequence of failure
B. Consequence of failure and POF
C. POF
D. To identify areas where operating conditions need to be
monitored such as a pressurization sequence to prevent
damage: B
234. When establishing physical boundaries of an RBI
assessment, equipment item screening is often conducted
to do which of the following?
A. Identify lower risk items
B. Identify equipment with critical life
C. Identify higher risk items
D. Identify items that are nearing half-life, and therefore in
need of inspection: C
235. When evaluating sources of site-specific data, the RBI
analysis can pull data from other established resources. The
reason for this is which of the following?
A. Data is going to be managed
B. Data should come from the same source for consistency
C. The same SME's supply the data for all initiatives
D. Much of the data overlaps: C
236. When planning inspections, a point is reached where
additional inspection activity begins to show a diminishing
return and eventually may produce very little additional
risk reduction. This process is commonly called :
A. Risk-Based Residual
B. Residual Risk
C. Inspection Optimization
D. Consistent Risk Methodology: C
237. When ranking consequences according to the amount of
surface area of the plot plan that experiences an effect
greater than a pre-defined limiting value, it is typically
assumed that personnel at risk are which of the following?
A. Are the most experienced Operations/Maintenance
people available.
B. Personnel are not factored into this COF calculation.
C. Are assumed to be evenly distributed throughout the
unit.
D. Are going to be huddled in the specific area of the
affected area.: C
238. When using RBI, a reassessment is required by which of the
following? R2014 MM
A. FMEA
B. Jurisdictional codes and regulations
C. OSHA 1910.110
D. Governing inspection codes, and jurisdictional
requirements: D
239. When using the spectrum of risk analysis, the use of "expert
opinion" is identified by which of the following?
A. Typically not necessary due to the level of evaluation.
B. Generally used when evaluating nonthreatening risk
mitigation.
C. Will typically not be included due to the type and level
of evaluation
D. Typically be included regardless of type of level: D
240. Which is not covered by API RP 580?
A. Header boxes on fin fan exchangers.
B. Heat recovery boilers on process units.
C. Above ground atmospheric storage tanks with out leak
prevention.
D. Permanent ladders and platforms .: D
241. Which of the following are the primary work products of the
RBI assessment and management approach?
A. Plans that address ways to manage risks on an
equipment level
B. Plans that address to manage personnel
C. Plans that address additional training requirements for
operating personnel
D. Plans for the elimination of all risks to equipment: A
242. Which of the following influences the uncertainty of risk
associated with pressure equipment primarily by improving
information of the deterioration state and predictability of
the POF?
A. System operating records
B. Comparison with equipment is similar service
C. Inspection
D. Published data: C
243. Which of the following is a typical method of estimating
downtime after a fire or explosion?
A. Factory Mutual (FM) Fire and Explosion Index
B. Dow Fire and Explosion Index
C. NFPA Fire and Explosion Index
D. API Recommended Practice - 579: B
The unit daily value could be on a revenue or profit basis. The
downtime estimate would represent the time required
to get back into production. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index
is a typical method of estimating downtime after a fireor
explosion.
244. Which of the following is not a category of fire and
explosion events?
A. Vapor cloud explosion
B. Pool fire
C. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)
D. Class B electrical fire: D
245. Which of the following is not true concerning
implementation of RBI implementation plans to manage
risks on an equipment level?
A. RBI will identify equipment that does not require
inspection of some other form of mitigation because of the
acceptable level of risk associated with the equipment's
current operation
B. Required inspection activities will reduce the
consequence of failure
C. It will provide an acceptance/understanding of the
current risk level
D. It will result in an overall reduction in risk for the
facilities and/or equipment: B
246. Which of the following is the main product of the RBI
assessment and management approach?
A. Plans that address ways to manage risks on an
equipment level .
B. Plans that identify risk through risk management
activities.
C. Plans that mitigate risk only through inspection efforts.
D. Plans to determine risk acceptance and risk analysis.: A
247. Which of the following is the most desirable location for a
water curtain? R2014 MM
A. Directly above the release location
B. Between the release location and ignition source
C. Directly above the potential ignition source
D. Between the ignition source and the emergency
equipment: B
248. Which of the following is the primary work product of the
RBI assessment and management approach?
A. Plans that address ways to manage risks on an
equipment level
B. Plans that address to manage personnel
C. Plans that address additional training requirements
D. Plans for the elimination of tangible risks to equipment:
A
249. Which of the following represents the ultimate goal of
inspection?
A. Focus attention specifically on the equipment
representing the most risk to the facility
B. Management of corrosion data per codes and standards
such as API 510, 570, & 653
C. To determine corrosion rates, and possible mitigation
D. Safety and reliability of operating facilities: D
250. Which of the following was given as an example of a failure
mode?
A. Brittle fracture
B. Internal corrosion
C. Pitting
D. Metallurgical changes: A
251. Which of the following would be the best example of
setting a priority for RBI process units screening?
A. Equipment size and type.
B. Location of battery limits of units.
C. Turnaround schedule.
D. RBI team member availability.: C
252. Who on the RBI team is responsible for providing
recommendations on methods of mitigating the POF (such
as coatings/linings, etc.)? R2014 MM
A. The Team leader and Corrosion Specialist
B. The Equipment Inspector or Inspection Specialist
C. The Corrosion Specialist
D. The Inspector/Specialist and Corrosion Specialist: C
253. With an initial investment in inspection activities which of
the following will be accomplished?
A. Risk generally is significantly induced.
B. Risk generally will not be reduced
C. Risk generally will be slightly lowered
D. Risk generally is significantly reduced: D
254. With an initial investment in inspection activities which of
the following will be accomplished?
A. Risk generally is significantly reduced
B. Risk generally will not be reduced just allocated a lower
factor
C. Risk generally will be eliminated
D. Risk generally will have no impact should failure occur: A
255. With an initial investment in inspection activities which of
the following will be accomplished?
A. Risk generally is significantly reduced
B. Risk generally will not be reduced just allocated a lower
factor
C. Risk generally will be totally eliminated
D. Risk generally will have no impact should failure occur: A
256. With regard to environmental consequences, the RBI
program typically focuses on which of the following?
A. Past environmental risks
B. Chronic risks from low-level emissions
C. Acute and immediate environmental risks
D. Failure of the pressure relief system: C
257. With regard to environmental consequences, the RBI
program typically focuses on which of the following?
A. Past environmental risks
B. Chronic risks from low-level emissions
C. Acute and immediate environmental risks
D. Operating personnel responsible for the release: C
258. The work product of the RBI assessment and management
approach are plans that address ways to manage risks. This
is called:
A. An Equipment Plan
B. A Sensitivity Analysis
C. A Risk Management Plan
D. A total Risk Assessment: A
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