ANOA (ANOA (Bubalus spBubalus sp) ) SEBAGAI SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI BAGIAN DARI

BIODIVERSITASBIODIVERSITAS

Retno I PujaningsihLab. Technology and Feed

Industry

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0

1,000,000,0002,000,000,0003,000,000,0004,000,000,0005,000,000,0006,000,000,0007,000,000,000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 year

from 1.65 billion to 6 billion people in the 20th Century

Pressures on biodiversity are severe and increasing…population

seminar_DIT08 3Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)

Larger population = Greater demand for resources

What is the status of biodiversity?

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• The sum total of all life on earth

• The wealth of genes, species, ecosystems and ecological processes that make our living planet what it is

• Our living legacy to future generations

Biodiversity is Biodiversity is

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One in eight bird species

One in four mammal species

One in three amphibian species

Source: The 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (www.iucnredlist.org)

Currently, 16,118 species of plants and animals are threatened with extinction

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negara megabiodiversitasnegara megabiodiversitas

No Mamalia NS Birds NS Reptiles NS

1 Indonesia 515 Colombia 1,721 Mexico 7172 Mexico 449 Peru 1,701 Australia 6863 Brasil 428 Brasil 1,622 Indonesia 5114 Zaire 409 Indonesia 1,534 India 3835 China 394 Ecuador 1,447 Colombia 3836 Peru 361 Venezuela 1,275 Ecuador 3457 Colombia 359 Bolivia 1,250 Peru 2978 India 350 India 1,200 Malaysia 2949 Uganda 311 Malaysia 1,200 Thailand 28210 Tanzania 310 China 1,195 PNG 282

The Ten Megabiodiversity Countries

Sumber: Pitopang et al. (2008)

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1531 species of birds (17 % of world’s bird,

28% is endemic) 511 species of reptiles (7.3 % of world’s reptile)

Indonesia’s Indonesia’s biodiversitybiodiversity

Source: Bappenas, 2003

270 species of amphibians (fifth rank in the world)

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INDONESIA’S BIODIVERSITY

515 species of mammals (12 % of world’s mammals, 36% endemic, first rank in the

world)

121 species of butterflies (first rank in the world)

2837 species of invertebrates

38000 species of plants (including 4000 species of trees)

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keanekaragaman hayati keanekaragaman hayati IndonesiaIndonesia

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permasalahan permasalahan umum umum

Pelestarian biodiversitas

Pengaruhiklim

eksploitasiyang

berlebihan

PencemaranKultivasi &konversi yg

tidak terkontrol

Species asing

yg invansif

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KonservasiKeanekaragaman

hayatiKonservasi

ex-situKonservasi

in-situ

Taman NasionalKebun RayaKebun Binatang

Direktorat Jendral PHKA (2002); FAO (2002); Franco et al. (2004)

Memanfaatkan yang lestari dan melestarikan secara berkelanjutan UU No. 5 th 1990 : Konservasi SDA hayati

Konservasi memanfaatkan scr berkelanjutan

PP No. 8 th 1999 : Pemanfaatan Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa LiarUU No. 18 th 2009 : Peternakan

Satwa liar baik dari habitat alam maupun hasil penangkaran dapat dimanfaatkan di dalam budi daya untuk menghasilkan hewan peliharaan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan UU tentang konservasi satwa liar

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List of endemic species on the Wallacea area List of endemic species on the Wallacea area refer to the appendix of CITES refer to the appendix of CITES

No. Name Indonesian’s name

Appendix CITES

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.

Phalanger intercastellanusPhalanger orientalisTarsius pumilusTarsius spectrumMacaca mauraMacaca nigraMacaca ocreataMacaca tonkeanaBabyrousa babyrussaBubalus depressicornisBubalus quarlesiOtus manadensisPedelopides exarnatusAceros casidixVaranus indicusVaranus komodoensisVaranus timorensiMacrocephalon maleoAccipiter manusAccipiter rhodogasterEos histrioTricoglosus ornatus, …

Kuskus selatanKuskus biasaKrabuku kecilKrabuku tangkasiMonyet dareMonyet wolaiMonyet yakiMonyet botiBabi rusaAnoa dataran rendahAnoa gunungCelepuk SulawesiRangkong SulawesiJalak SulawesiBiawak malukuBiawak komodoBiawak timorMaleoElang alap kecilElang alap dada merahNuri TalaudPerkici dora

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

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Fauna Endemic SulawesiFauna Endemic SulawesiTarsius dianae Bubalus depressicornis (ANOA)

Macrocephalon maleo (MALEO) Macaca nigra (yakis)

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OpportunitiesOpportunitiesPotency of AnoaPotency of Anoa

• Acquaintable with local resources• Climate tolerance• Relatively high resistance on disease• The horn and cranium is believed as traditional medicine.

• The pelt has a high economic value• The meat consumes as high protein low fat resource

Kasim (2002), pers.communication

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17

Daerah

sebar

an

Daer

ah seb

aran

Anoa d

i TNLL

Anoa

di TN

LL IUCN (2001) : ± 5.000 ekorIUCN (2004) : ± 3.000 ekor

Tanjung AmolengoMustari (1996) : Sultra 8 – 12 ekorMustari (2005) : Sultra 5 – 6 ekor

Tanjung Peropa Mustari : 2003 – 2005, ± 350 ekor

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ConcessionsConcessions

ConservationOn

biodiversity

Local wisdomIndigenous Knowledge

Agriculture(domesticated)

Anoa is endangere

dAnoa is prospecti

ved

Anoa is needed

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Penelitian yg Penelitian yg pernah dilakukanpernah dilakukan

Anoa adalah satwa yang dilindungiIdentifikasi pakan alami (direct method)Peran anoa sbg bagian dari biodiversitasEkologi pakan alami anoa di Sultra (in- & direct method)

Identifikasi pakan alami di Sulut (direct method)Studi nutrisi anoa di KB Ragunan metode penghitungan konsumsi

Identifikasi pakan alami di Sulteng (direct method)Potensi anoa sebagai satwa budidayaIdentifikasi & potensi pakan alami di TNLL SultengIdentifikasi teknologi pengolahan pakan anoa

Law of Protection of Wild Animals 1931 no,

134IUCN (2001)

CITES dalam Soehartono dan Mardiastuti (2003)

Fadjar (1973) Manansang et al. (1996) Whitten et al. (1987)

Collaboration’s researchers :Jerman-Indonesia (2002-2003)Mustari (1996)

Mustari (2003b)Winenang (1996)Mustari (1997)

Foead (1992)Labiro (2001)

Kasim (2002)Malik et al. (2004)

Pujaningsih et al. (2005)

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