An introductory Latin book : intended as an elementary drill ...

-

Ax INTRODUCTORY JjATIX BOOok on the Infler

h. D.,

3?:-

LATIX GRAMMAR,

in

and Colleges. By ALBERT HARKXESS, Ph. D., Professor

University.

A LATIX READunion to tl

inns, Notes,

1'h. I)., Professor in Brown l.'nivi

12iiio.

witli Ref-

-..\KKXKSP,

FIRST GL

I.,Pro-

Buuri

IF. C. CHEWETT & C

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A Latin Grammar for Schools olleges.

By A.. UARKNESS, PH.D., Profc^ser in BrS^ Unwpll

To explain the general plan of the work, the Pub>

of touchers to the following extracts from the Preface

1. This volume is designed to present a systematic arrangement of the

great facts and laws of the Latin language; to exhibit not only grammatical

forms and constructions, but also those vital principles which underlie, con-

trol, and explain them.

2. Designed at once as a text-book for the class-room, and a book of

reference in study, it aims to introduce the beginner easily aud pleasantly to

die first principles of the language, and yet to make adequate provision for

the wants of the more advan:

3. By brevity a, < \oice of phraseology ?nd compact-

ness in the arran" . the author lias L;

compress will >, . , .ivenient manual an amount of carefully-

suited gi; herwise till a much larger volume.

4. He h ivored to present the whole subject m ti

light of mo'.'.. 'iip. Without encumbering hi spages with ?r

necessary di i to enrich them with the practical

of the recent tabors in the '.' Id of philology.

5. Syntax i :M-I special attention. An attemp;

been made to exhibit, ; i')Io, that beautiful system of u.

which the genius of the I of all grammatical authorit

6. T : .

'

1 illustration are first presented in thck>

.ore the separate points are discu

:i M

'

i .-ulows all the Lading features of an

:

ig a completeness and vividness to the impm-vion of i ;:i)der any -^-nt. /

7. Special cure hr..- n to oxplai:i ate with the

yjjess all diliiculi and In;. [ctive V**d that

st trial of i: nee lias!;; j, \yn ped, in a

form at oacc siuu

tions, >,.,

or in linv.

12mo.

f J nJu/r^^r^^

'

H

The "AUTHORIZED TEXT BOOK" Series.

LA.THST EEADEE,INTENDED AS A

COMPANIONTO THE

AUTHOR'S LATIN GRAMMAR.

WITH

REFERENCES, SUGGESTIONS, NOTES, AND VOCABULARY.

BY

ALBERT HAEKNESS,PEOFESSOR IN. BROWN TTNIVEESITY.

A-.THOB OP

"A 1ATIN GBAMMAE/' "A FIBST LATTX EOOK," "A SECOND LATIN BOOK,"I( A I'fTvST

(iBEEK BOOK," ETC.

TORONTO:W. 0. CHEWETT &

l'( & 19 KING STEEET EAST.

1868.

ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1SC5, by

ALBERT HAKKNESS,

lu the Clerk's Office of the District Court of KLode Island.

PBEFACE.

THE Latin Reader now offered to the public is intended as

a companion to the author's Latin Grammar. It comprises

Reading Lessons, Suggestionsto the Learner, Notes, and a

Vocabulary.

The Reading Lessons are abundantly supplied with refer-

ences to the Grammar, and are arranged in two parts.

Part First presents a progressive series of exercises illus-

trative of grammatical forms, inflections, and rules. These

exercises are intended to accompany the learner from the very

outset in his progress through the Grammar, and thus to fur-

nish him the constant luxury of using the knowledge which he

is acquiring. They have been carefully selected from classical

authors.

Part Second illustrates connected discourse, and comprises

Fables, Anecdotes, and History. The Anecdotes have %een

selected from various classical sources;the other portions have

been derived chiefly from the Lateinisches Elementarbuch of

Professors Jacobs and Doring, though, in the Grecian History,

Arnold's Historiae Antiquae Epitome, founded upon the work

of Jacob and Doring, has furnished a few extracts. The His-

torical selections were, with a few exceptions, derived originally

from the Latin historians Eutropius, Justin, and Cornelius

Nepos.

IV PREFACE.

The Suggestions to the Learner are intended to direct the

unskilful efforts of the beginner, and thus to enable him to do

for himself much which would otherwise require the aid of his

teacher, and to do easily and pleasantly much which wrould

otherwise be difficult and repulsive. They aim to point out to

him the process by which he may most readily and surely reach

the meaning and the structure of a Latin sentence, and then to

teach him to embody that meaning in clear idiomatic English.

Experience has abundantly shown the need of some such direc-

tions. The beginner's first efforts to solve the problem pre-

sented by a Latin sentence are too often little better than a

series of unsuccessful conjectures," while his first translations

arc purely mechanical renderings, with little regard either to

the thought of his author or to the proprieties of his mother

tongue.

The Notes aim to furnish such collateral information as will

enable, the learner to appreciate the subject matter of his read-

ing lessons, and such special aid as will enable him to surmount

real and untried difficulties. Grammatical references can be

employed only to solve grammatical difficulties; and, though

for this purpose they are absolutely invaluable, it is yet a mis-

take to -suppose that they can ever supply the place of com-s

mentary.

In the Vocabulary, the aim has been to give to each word

the particular meanings which occur in the reading lessons,

without omitting, however, its essential and leading signifi-

cation.

At the solicitation of many eminent classical Professors and

Teachers, the author has it in contemplation to publish an In-

troduction to Latin Composition, consisting of two parts, the

first intended for the beginner, and the second for the more

advanced student. Accordingly, the present work has been

PEEFACE. V

made simply a Header, and all Exercises in writing Latin have

been reserved for a future volume.

With, this statement of the design and plan of the work, the

author commits it to classical instructors, in the hope that, in

their hands, it may render some useful service in the important

work of classical instruction.

PROVIDED-, ^Lv;/. Si--/, 18G5.

Syntax of Particles 40

nrsc micriaca ior me oc^mncr, ana inc second for the more

advanced student. Accordingly, the present work has been

.-

COISTTEIN'TS.

PAET FIKST.

GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.PAGE

Nouns 1

Adjectives ? 3

Pronouns 4

Verbs 5

Syntax of Nouns 9

Agreement of Nouns 9

Nominative 10

Vocative 10

Accusative -.

x

. 10

- Dative 13

Genitive .*. 16

Ablative 19

Syntax of Adjectives 26

Syntax of Pronouns 26

Syntax qf Verbs 28

Agreement 28

Indicative 28

Subjunctive 29

Imperative 35

Infinitive'

35

Gerunds and Gerundives 37

Supines SO

Participles c 39

Syntax of Particles -. 40

viii CONTENTS.

PAET SECOND.

LATIN SELECTIONS.PAGE

Fables 41

Anecdotes 45

Roman History 52

Period I. Italian and Roman kings 52

II. Roman Struggles and Conquests 58

III. Roman Triumphs 65

IV. Civil Dissensions 72

Grecian History 80

Period I. Grecian Triumphs . 80

II. Civil Wars- in Greece f 84

III. Graeco-Mcwedonian Empire > 89

Suggestions to the Learner 99

Notes 109

Latin-English Vocabulary 139

PART FIE ST.

GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.

NOUNS.

DEFINITION, GENDER, ETC. 31-35;37-41.

FIRST DECLENSION. 42.

NOTE. Before reading the Latin Exercises, the pupil is expected, in

every instance, to learn carefully those portions of the Grammar which are

embraced in the large type of the sections designated.

1.1. Ala, ala, alae,1

alam, alilriim, alls, alas. 2.

Victoria, victoria, victoriae, victoriam, victoriarum, vic-

toriis, victorias. 3. Causae, fortunae, portac. 4. Causa,

fortuna, porta. 5. Causam, fortunam, portam. 6. Cau-

sarura, fortunarum, portarum. 7. Causis, fortunis, portis.

8. Causas, fortunas, portas.

SECOND DECLENSION. 45.

KULE II. Appositives. 363; 352, 2.

2. 1. Dominus, dommi, domino, dommum, domme,dominorum, dominis. 2. Gener, generi, genero, gene-

rum, generorum, generis, gcneros. 3. Ser;vi, aimi.

4. Pueri, soceri. 5. Agri, magistri. G. Templi, belli.

Y. Servis, annis. 8. Puero, socero. 9. Agrurum, ma-

gistroruin. 10. Templa, bella. <

1 When the same Latin form may be found in two or more cases, the

pupil ia expected to give the meaning for each case.

1

2 LATIN KEADEE.

11. Lucus, stella. 12. Luci, stellae. 13. Lucum,stellam. 14. Luco, Stella. 15. Lucorum, stellarum.

16. Lucis, stellis. IT. Lucos, Stellas.

18. Dionysius tjrannus.1

19. Dionysio tyranno.20. Dionysium tyrannum. 2J. Tullia regma. 22.

Tulliae reginae. 23. Tulliam regmam. 21. PuerAscanius.

THIRD DECLENSION. CLASS I. 48-50.

RULE XVI. Genitive. 395.

3. 1. Nubis, nubiiim. 2. Avi, avibus. 3. Urbem,urbes. 4. Regis, militis. 5. Regi, militi. 6. Eege,milite. Y. Eeges, milites. 8. Eegiim, militum. 9.

Eegilms, inilitibus.

10. Yirtus regis.2

11. Yirtutes regum.2

12. Yin-

dex libertfitis. 13. Yindices libertatis. 14. Custoclibus

urbis. 15. Lux soils. 16. Luce soils.

IT. Eomiili mors. 18. Eomiili morte. 19. Yictoria

regis. 20. Yictoriae regis. 21. Ala avis. 22. Alae

avis. 23. Alae avium. 24. Eegis filia. 25. Tullia,

regis filia.

THIRD DECLENSION. CLASS II. 51.

RULE XXXII. Cases with Prepositions. 432-435.

4. 1. Soli, sole, solibus. 2. Leonis, leones, leonnm.

3. Carmini, carminibus. 4. Consulis, passeris. 5. Con-

sulum, passermn. 6. Consulibus, passeribus. T. Lcfmi,

virgmi. 8. Leones, virgmes. 9. Patrem, pastorem.10. Patres, pastores. 11. Opus, corpus. 12. Opere,

corpore. 13. Operuin, corporuin.

14. Cicero consul.1

15. Ciceronis eonsulis. 16. Ci-

ceronem consiilem. IT* Nepos consulis.'"1

18. Nepotes

1 See Grammar, 363. 2395.

ADJECTIVES

consulis. 19. Nepotes consulum. 20. Pater judicis.

21. Patres judicum. 22. Patribus judicum.23. Post Romuli mortem. 1

24. Apud Herodotum,

patrem liistoriae. 25. Ad virtutem. 26. Ante lucern.

27. Contra naturam. 28. Sermo de amicitia.2

29. Pro

patrifu 30. Sine la^e. 31. In aninem.3

32: In bello/

FO'URTII

5. 1. Fructus, cornus. 2.- Fructibus, cornibus. 3.

Caiitum, currum. 4. In currum. 5. In curru. 6. So-

ils ortus. 7. Ab ortu ad oceasum. 8. Ante soils

occusum.-

FIFTH DECLENSION. 1 1 9 .

6. 1. Acies, aciem, aciei. 2. Diei, faciei. 3. Rci.

spei. 4. Diem, faciem. 5. Eem, spem. 6. Die, .facie.

7. Re, spe. dttriM

8. In aciem. 9. In acie. 10. Facies urbis.. 11.

Spes fortunae. 12. Contra spem. 13. Sine spe.

ADJECTIVES.

FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 148.

RULE XXXIII. Agreement of Adjectives. 438.

7. 1. Servus bonus. 2. Servi boni. 3. Servo bono.

4. Servnm bonnm. 5. Serve bone. G. Servorum 1

rum. 7. Servis bonis. 8. Servos bonos. 9. Regliiii

bona. 10. Regmae bonae. 11. Reginam bonam. 12.

Regmil bona. 13. Reginfirum bonarum. 14. Regmisbonis. 15. Reglnas bonas.

.16. Exemplum bonum.

17. Exempli boni. 18. Exempla bona.

1432, 4 33.

343'2,'13i.

3

435, 1.

4 LATIN READER.

19. Puer pulcher. 20. Puella pulchra, 21. Tectum

pulchrum. 22. Pueri pulchri. 23. Puellae pulchrae.24. Tccta pulchra.

25. Yera amicitia. 26. Gladius longus. 27. Magnagloria, 28. Spes falsa. 29. Sine rnagno labore. 30.

Modius aureumm annulorum. t

THIRD DECLENSION. 150-153.

8. 1. Dolor acer. 2. Sine dolore acri. 3. Dolores

acres. 4. Hostis cnidelis. 5. Hostem crudelem. 6.

Hostium crudelium. 7. Iliems glacialis. 8. Hiemein

glacialem. 9. Carmen dulce. 10. Carmina dulcia.

11. Innumerabiles fabiilae.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 160-162.

9, 1. Triumphus clarus. 2. Triumplms clarior.

3. Triumplms clarissinius. 4. Triurnphi clari. 5. Tri-

uniplii clariores. 6. Triumphi clarissinii. 7. Yir fortis.

8. Yir fortior. 9. Yir fortissimus. 10. Sapiens vir.

11. Sapientior vir. 12. Sapientissimus vir.

. 13. Fortissimi viri. 14. Fortissimorum viromminultitudo. 15. Peiitus dux. 16. Peritissimi duces.

17. Bella funestissima.

PE01NTOIJE'S.

CLASSIFICATION AND DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS. 182-191.

UULE XXXIY. Agreement of Pronouns. 445; 445,1.

10. 1. Mci. 2. Tibi. 3. Inter se.1

4.

'

Ad tc.

5. Pro nobis. 6. Post me. 7. Ante nos. 8. Patria

mea.2

9. Nostra patria. 10. Magister tuus. '11.' Tuii

niens. 12. Xostri milites. 13. Nostrae amicitiae.

1-152.

2438, 1.

VEEBS.

14. Ad salutem vestram. 15." Ad vitam suam. 16. Hie '

viiv, IT. Haec urbs. 18. Hoc regnum. 19. Hujusviri. 20. In hac urbe. 21. Haec regiia. 22. Illi viri.

23. Pro illis viris. 24. Ante hunc diem. 25. Snb hoc

rege. 26. Pastor illms regionis. 27. Idem locus. 28.

In etindem locum. 29. Circa eandem horam. 30. Id

tempus. 31. Ab ipsa natura. .32. li ad quos.2

33. Quaecivitas ? 34. Ab aliquo. 35. Faustiilus quidam.

YEEBS.

INTRODUCTION. 192-197; 199-203.

VERB SUM. 204.

RULE III. Subject Nomina live. 3 6 7.

RULE XXXV. Agreement of Verb with Subject. 400.

RULE I. Predicate Nouns. 362.

11.1. Aristides'

Justus4

fuit.b

2. Justus * cst.6

3.

Justus erat. 4. Justi sumus.6

5. Justi fuerfimus. 6.

J^ti erimus. 7. Justi simus. 8. Justi fuissemus.

9. Cato sapiens- erat. 10. Sapiens fuerat. 11. Sapicn-tes eritis. 12. Sapientes fuistis. 13. Sapiens es. 14.

Sapientes este. 15. Lex brevis est. 16. Lex brevis

esto. IT. Leges breves sunt. 18. Leges breves sun to.

19. Ego consul 7fui. 20. Cicero consul fuit. 21. Cicero

consul fuerat. idlti

FIRST CONJUGATION. 205, 206.

RULE V. Direct Object. Ml. - "X

12. 1. Amat, amant. 2. Amiibat, amabant. 3.

Justus agrees with the pronoun is, he, the omitted subject of cst.

M38, 1.4 438.

6460; 400, 2.

2 445. 5460.

'362.

'367.

LATIN KEADEK.

Amaverat, amaveraiit. 4. Amaverit, amaverint. 5.

Amet, amcnt.

6. Laudat, 'laudfitur. 7. Laudant, laudantur. 8. Lau-

dabat, laudabfitur. 9. Laudabant, laudabantur. 10.

Laudet, laudetur. 11. Laudent, laudentur.

12. Orationem 1

laudo. 13. Orationem laudamus.14. Orationes laudabimus. 15. Oratio laudatur. 16.

Oratioiies laudantur. 17. Virtutem aniatis. 18. Vir-

tutem amabitis. 19. Virtus amiltur. 20. Virtus

amfita2

est. 21. Ego patriam liberuvi. 22. Patriamliberaverunt. 23. Patria liberata est. 24. Ancus ur-

bem amplifivit. 25. Marius fugatus2

est. 26. Fugatierant. 27. Socrates accusiltus est.

SECOND CONJUGATION. 207, 208.

13. 1. Moneo, nioneor. 2. Monebam, monebar.3. Monebo, monebor. 4. Moneam, monear. 5. Mone-

rem, monerer. 6. Monui, monuimus. 7. Monuerat,monuerant. 8. Monueris, monuerltis. 9. Monueriia,momtus sim. 10. Monuissemus, moniti essemus.

11. Monete, monentor.

12. Terrebat, teiTebatur. 13. Terrebant, terreban-

tur. 14. Terrerct, teiTeretur. 15. Terrerent, terreren-

tur. 16. Territus sum, torrid sumus. 17. Territus es,

I estis. 18. Territus est, territi sunt.

. Gloriam 1

veram'3

habes. 20. Gloriam habebis.

Cr i (

]quites gladios liabebant. 22. Gladios habueruut.

Gladium habuisii. 24. Homo liabet memoriam.

-<<). Cum Rornanir- i lialmimus. 26. Pacem habuc-

rfiiuu:?. 27. Pacem liabebimus. 28. Cyrus omnium in

cxereitu* suo niilituni nomina ten'Gbat.

1 371.*400, 1 .

VERBS. 7

THIRD CONJUGATION. 209, 210.

RULE LI. Use of Adverbs. 582.

14. 1. Rego, regor. 2. Regimus, regmrur. 3. Re-

git, regitur. 4. Regunt, reguntur. 5. Rege, regite.

6. Regendi, regendo. 7. Recttis eram, recti eriimus.

8. Spero, pareo, duco. 9. Speras, pares, duels. 10.

Speramus, paremus, dueimus. 11. Sperabam, parebam,ducebam. 12. Sperubant, parebant, ducebant. 13. Spe-

ravi, parui, duxi. 14. Speravimus, paruimus, duximus.

15. Speraverunt, paruerunt, duxerunt.

16. Deus omnem hunc mundum regit. IT. Deusmundum semper

1

rexit. 18. Deus mundum regebat.

19. Deus mundum reget. 20. Cicero ad Atticum 2scri-

bit. 21. Ad te saepe scribam. 22. Cicero multos

libros scripsit. 23. Ad amlcum de amicitia3

scripsi.

24. Librum de senectute scripserat. 25. Quid dixisti ?

26. Nihil dixi. 2T. Quid dixistis ? 28; 'Multa de ami-

citiil diximus. 29. Ilaec recte dixistis. 30. Hie liber

ad te scriptus cst.

FOURTH CONJUGATION. 211, 212.\p

15. 1. Audiebat, audiebant. 2. Audiebfitur, audie-

bantur. 3. Audiam, audiemus. 4. Audiar, audiemur.

5. Audivit, audiverunt. 6. Auditus est, audlti stint.

7. Audiveram, audiveramus. 8. Auditus eram, audlti

eramus.

9. Sperat, paret, ducit, scit. 10. Sperant, parent,

ducunt, sciunt. 11. Sperabat, parebat, ducebat, sciebat.

12. Sperabamus, parebamus, ducebiimus, sciebamus.

13. Sperfibo, parebo, ducet, sciet.

14. Tullus bellum finivit. 15. Bellum finiverat. 16.

1082. 2 433.

3434.

8 LATIN EEADEE.

Bellum finitum cst. IT. Hie dies Graec^ae libertfitem

finiet. 18. Gives templum custodhmt. 19. Templa cus-

todiemus. 20. Templum custodite. 21. Bmtus Mace-

doniam. custodiebat. 22. Hanc provinciam custodimus.

23. Hoc audivimus. 24. A vobis audlmur.

VERBS IN IO, THIRD CONJUGATION. 213-215.

16. 1. Roman! urbem capiunt. 2. Urbes capiGbant.3. Urbem capiemus. 4. Haec urbs capietur. 5. Urbes

capientur. 6. Regiilus captus est. 7. Milites arma ca-

piunt. 8. Scipio Garthaginem cepit. 9. Praefecti regii

Eretriam ceperunt. 10. Regis pater fugit. 11. Fugie-bat. 12. Lacedaemonii fugiunt. 13. Fugenmt. 14.

Xerxes in Asiain fugerat.

DEPONENT VERBS. 221-226.

17. 1. Coriolfmus popultitur agruml Romfmum. 2.

PyiTlius Carnpaniam depopnlatus est. 3. Milites agros

depopulabantur. 4. Hoc facinus rex miratur. 5. Hocmiranmr. 6. Puer laudem meretur. 1. Laudem mere-

ris. 8. Laudem merentur. 9. Gloria virtutem sequitur.

10. Ascanium secutus est Silvius. 11. Justitiam sequi-

mur. 12. Justitiam sequemur. 13. Cum Scipione lio-

norem partimur. 14. Id opus inter se partiuntur.

PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION. 227-231.

j.18. 1. Virtutem laudaturi sumus. 2. Virtus lau-

danda est. 3. Quid laudaturus es ? 4. Bonitatem lau-

datums sum. 5. Omnia 2sunt laudanda, quae

3con-

jimeta cum virtute sunt. G. Quid vituperandum cst?

7. Omnia sunt vituperanda, qnae cum vitiis conjuncta

1S71.

3 441.s445.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS.

sunt. 8. Gloriam veram habiturus es. 9. Gloriam' veram habituri sumus. 10. Cicero ad Atticum scriptu-

rus erat. 11. Epistola scribenda est. 12. Orator audi-

endus est. 13. Senatores Ciceronem audituri erant.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS.

AGREEMENT OP NOUNS.

RULE I. Predicate Nouns. 362.

19. .1. Merc-mius nuntius erat. 2. Furius consul

erat. 3. Homo eum. 1

4. Bacchus erat vini"

dens* 5.

Somrms est imago mortis. 6. Hjstoria testis temponrmhabetur. 7. Historia magistra* vitae liabetnr. 8. So-

cr&te&jparms pliilosophiae dicitur. 0. Brutus homo mnp;-

nus evaserat. 10. Nos causa* belli sumus. 11. Nautius

et Furius consults* erant.

RULE II. Appositiucs. 3G3.

20. 1. Dionysius tyrannus cxpulsus e?l. 2. D'ema-

ratus, regis pater, fugit. 3. Apud Ilerodotum, paire in.

historiae, sunt innumerabiles fabulae. 4. Hannibal Sa-

guntum, foederfitam urbem^ expugnfivit. 5. Themistb-

des7veni ad te. 6. Cato litteras Graecas senex* didicit^

7. Junius aedem Saldtis, quam consul voverat, dl

dedicfivit. 8. SocrHtem, sapientissimuma

mrum, Atlie-.

nienses interfecerunt.

1

460, 2.4362, 1, 1).

7363, 2.

2395.

5362, 1, 2).

8363, 3.

345, 6.

6463, II. 162.

10 LATIN BEADEE.

NOMINATIVE.

RULE III. Subject Nominative. 367.

21. 1. Cuncta Graecia liberata est. 2. Pat-rid me*c

s

t inundus. 3. Paulus consul1

regem ad Pydnam. su-

perfivit. 4. Philosophia inventrix legum fuit. 5. Om-nium malGrum stultitla est mater. 6. ]S"on

2 omnis error

stultitia est. 7. Quot homines? tot sententiae.

VOCATIVE.

RULE IV. Case of Address. 369.

22. 1. Disco, puer, virtutem. 2. Tu, mi 4

Cicero,liaec ac'cipies. 3. Te, Minerva, custos 'urbis, precor ac

>. 4. Audite, ji'.dlccs. 5. Disee, puer, virtutes.

6. Amid, diem perdlui. 7. Conservate, judices, ImncIiominem.

ACCUSATIVE.

RULE V. Direct Object. 371.

23. 1. Accepi tuas cpisiUas. 2. Labor omnia vincit.

3. Animus regit corpus. 4. JSTostra nos patria delectat.

5. ]\liltiades totam 5 Graeciam liberfivit. 0. Sophocles

tmgoedias fecit. Y. Studia adolescentiam alunt, sencciitr

iblectant. 8. Romtilus JRomam condidit. 0. Ava->rolittitcm subvertit. 10. Yirtus conciliat amicitios.

irtus amicitiam gignit.

12. Yestri patres cam vitam vixcrunt. 13. Minimsomnium* somnirivi. 11. Pacem] desperavi. 15. Se-

6371, 1, 3).

7

-71, 3.

a

460, 3.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 11

quani Ariovisti crudelitdtem1

horrebant. 10. UrutumRomanae matronae luxerunt. 17. Milites invadunt ur-

~bem? 18. Aciem acircumvenerunt. 19. Caesar agrum

Picenum percurrit. 20. Periculosissimum3 locum sum

praetervectus. 21. GermUm flumen transierunt.

RULE VI. Two Accusatives Same Person. 373.

24. 1. Ciceronem universus popiilus consulem decla-

ravit. 2. Romulus urbem JBomam vocfivit. 3. Fecit

heredem filiam. 4. Socrates totms * mundi se civevi ?a*-

bitrabatur. 5. Cato ccllam penariam rei publicae nos-

trae, nutricem plebis Romanae Siciliam nominfivit. G.

Praesta tevirum. /T. Senatus Ccutilinam tiostem judicavit.8. Senatus Paulum consulem creavit. 0. Socrdtem Apollo

sa2)ientisslmum5

judicavit. 10. Meso2)otamiamfertilemefficit Euphrates. 11. Tiresiam saplcntem fingunt

poetae. 12. Polycratemfellcbn appellabant.

RULE VII. Two Accusatives Person and Tiling. 374.

25. 1. Te tti&fata docebo. 2. Hoc me docuit usus,

.magister egregius. 3. Fortuna belli artem metes'1

docet.

4. Augustus nepotes suos litteras docuit. 5. Antigoimsiter omnes 8

celat. 6. Pacem te poscimus. 7. Boeotii

auxilia regem orabant. 8. Cato interrogates est senten-

tiam. 9. Marcius omnes artes edoctus fuerat.

10. Auxilium a Caesdre* petienint. 11. Te illucc*

admoneo. 12. Te id consiilo. 13. Hannibal nonaginta

1

371, 3.

12 LATE* HEADER.

millia1

peditum Herum 1

traduxit. 14. Belgae Ithc-1

transducti sunt.

RULE VIII. Accusative of Time and Space. 378.

26, 1. Serving Tullius regnavit annos quattuor2

et*

qaadraginta. 2. Appius Claudius caecus annos multos

fuit. 3. Quaedam bestiolae unum diem vivunt. 4. Dio-

nysius quinque et viginti natus annos dominfitum occu-

pfivit. 5. Caesar duas fossas quindecim pedes latas

perduxit. 6. Milites aggerem altum pedes octogintuexstruxernnt. 7. Arabes gladios habebant longos qua-terna ci&lta. 8. Urbs quinque dierum iter abest.

KULE IX. Accusative of Limit. 379.

27, 1. Cicero Atkenas venit. 2. Ilegulus Cariluii/i-

nem rocllit. 3. Hannibal Capuam concessit. 4. Ciccvro

maxiimim numerum fruienti4 Romam misit. 5. Dio-

nysins navigabat Syracusas, 6. Curius elephantos

quattuor Romam dnxit.

T. Auriini domwn* comportant. 8. Ego rvs ibo.6

0. Yeni consiilis domum. 10. Verres Delicti .venit.

II. Pansaniam Cyprum miserunt. 12. Hannibal in

liiberna'1

Capuam concessit. 13. Legicnes ad '

addiicit. 14. Darius in Asian* rediit.

EULE X. Accusative of Specification. 380.

28, 1. Eqims tromit artus.^

2. Aeneass

caedit ni-

: juvencos. 3. Jovem 9 lacnmis 10

o

;,G.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 13

sufi'Qsa nitcntes alloquitur Yciius. 4. Hannibal femuric'rm cccidit. 1 5. Hannibal ammum inqengus es.t. G. So

dens obtiilit 1 omnia Mcrcurio8

siurilis^ vocemqu.scolo-

wftquck \

TTllaec vis valet multum* 8. Haec vis %fc?ra potest.

9. Nervii nihil possnnt. 10. Thebani nihil moti sunt.

11. Quid liostis potest? 12. Quid venisti? 13. Quid

plura5

disputo ?

RULE XI. Accusative in Exclamations. 381.

29, 1. O praeclaram vitam! 2. O spectaculum mi-

serum ! 3. O temporal,) o mores ! Senatus conjuratiunem

intelligit, consul v.idet. 4. O ^/m maximam 6erroris !

5. O clementiam admirabileni ! /. lieu me infelicem !

7. Hanc audaciam !

DATIVE.

RULE XII. Dative with Ycrlts. 384.

30. 1. j^Ton scholae, scd vitae dis-jTr-iTip. 2. Omneshomines liberidti student. 3. Germfni ritiae

student. 4. Ego pliilosopldae semper vaco. 5. Pietdti

'gumma7

tribuendablaus o.^t. G. Non solum w^^s divites

suinus, sed lweris,(nmcls, maximcque rci pitbiicac.

7. Philosophise nos tradunus. 8. Graeci liommcr-

res tribuunt iis'r ?>/.>', (jiti tyrannos nccaverui^..

Kon plac: ira quici-eni". 10.

qiiiun valeinus, recta consilia atfgroiis* damns.

1

202, 2. -4380, 2.

7163, 3.

2 391. 5

165, 1." 231.

'587, 1.3 & 5."165.

9441,

14 LATIN READER.

3 1, DATIVE OFADVANTAGE

AND DISADVANTAGE. 385.

1. Probus1

invidet nemmi. 2. Homines hominibus pro-sunt. 8. J^Tocet. alteri. 4. Consulatus meus placuitCatoni. 5. Dioni crudelitas tyranni displicebat. G.

Themistocles persuasit populo. 7. Parti* civium consii-

lunt. 8. Milites non mulieribuS) non infwnffibus peper-cerunt. 9. Nemo liber cst, qui corpbri servit.

32, DATIVE WITH COMPOUNDS. 38G. 1. Pelopidasomnibus si&mt 2^ericulis. 2. Natura sensibus* rationem

acljunxit. 3. Leges omnium. 4salutem singulorum

4saluii

antepununt. 4. Parva magnis saepe5

co'nferuntur^6

A

5. Hannibal terrurem injecit exwcitlri-' 'Rbfa&iiwvi&fy -

6. Aristldes interfuit pugnae navali apud Salammem. ,-

7. Consiliis interdum obstat fortuna. s

"3: HoMiies

plurimum7

et prosunt et obsunt. 9. Consulcs'

libertati suas opes8

postfereban^i.."l&.I;>ona existimatio

dimtiis praestat. 11. Tu virtutern praefer *cwbitii&*

12. Quidam succumbunt doloribus. 13. Neque deefo"9

'*>

neque superero9

33, DATIVE OF POSSESSOR. 387. 1. Fuere Lydismulti reges. 2. Non semper idem floribus

10est color.

3. Omnibus inter se"

virtutibus amicitia est. 4. Est

lionos cloquentiae. 5. Ei morbo nomen est avaritia.

C. Trojae12

liuic loco nomen est.

34, DATIVE OF APPARENT AGENT. 388. 1. Caesdri

erant agenda. 2. Diligentia colenda est n

.uita videnda sunt oratori. 4. Cm non sunt Laec

.adita?

1 441.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 15

35, ETHICAL DATIVE. 389. 1. Quid ait1

ndbis

Saniiio ? 2. Hie mihi quisquam misericordiam nomi-

nat ? 3. Hie ^2iM_Furms pacis commoda commemorat ?

4. Quid sibi* verba ista volunt3?

KULE XIII. Iô Datives To Which and For Which. 390.

C|$. 1. Virtutes hominilus decori sunt. 2. Virtutes

hominibus gloriae sunt. 3. Probitas est omnibus*amori.

4. Crudelitas est omnibus odio. 5. Virtus neque datur

neque accipitur. 6. Pausanias, rex5 Lac6daemoni-

jvenit Atticis auxilio..

7. Hoc mtio mihi dant. 8. Idne6

alteri'1

crimini

da"bis/ quod- tu îpse fecisti? 9. Caesar legipnes duas 8

castris 'praesidio .relinquit. 10. Hunc siof domicilio

locum" deleerunt.

K- Dative with Adjectives.- 391.

1. Ycritas mihi grata est. 2. GratissTmae8 mihi

tuae littera'ew

fuerunt. 3. Patria Ciceroni eratrcatfe-

siina. 4. Id Deo est "proximum,11

quod est optimum.12

5. Minime13

sibi quisque notus est. 6. Morti niliil est

tarn simile, quam somnus.14

T. HomTmim generi cultura

agrurum est salutaris. 8. Belgae proximi sunt Germdnis.

9. &9, <ûi vendunt, j%etftia/ necessajrfa est. 10, Pax

nobis omnibus fuit optabilis.>.

'

.

,

KULE XV. Dative with Derivatives.-^392.

38, 1. Esto obtemperatio instiiuiis populomm.

1

297, H. 1.

2389, 2. ^

16 LATEST READER.

2. Insidiac consuli non procedubant. 3. Convenienter

naturae vivmrns. 4. Philosopkus sibi constanter conve-

nienterque dicit.

GENITIVE.

KULE XVI. Genitive with Nouns. 395, 396.

39. 1. Pietas fundamentum J

est omnium virtutum.

2. Ira est initium insaniae. 3. Sapientia est rerum divi-

nfivum et humanurum scientia. 4. JSTona diei liora crat.

I. SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE. 1. Yultus sermo '

quidam2

tacitns2mentis est.* 2. ISTostri inilltes impetum hostiwn

sustinuerunt. 3. Tbemistocles non effugit cimum suO-

nmi invidiam. 4. Yentorwn pater reg'it iiavcm. 5. Bin-

loruin facilitates divitiao"

suut civit

II. OBJECTIVE GE^irnvE. 1. CreB(4t*'amor m>;

2. Ainrni morbi sunt cupiditiites dlvitidrum, gloriae,

III. PARTITIVE GENITIVE. 1. Justitia nihil expetit

wt.'.*,,niliil prdli. 2. Conon pecuniae quinquaginta

talenta civibus snis donavit. 3. Permagnmn pondus ar-

genti fuit. 4. Socrates omnium 3

. sapientissimus4

judicfi-

tus ps=t. 5. Galluruin omnium fortissimi sunt JBel^ac.o:u gentium

6 sumus ? 7. Satis doguentiae6

fuit,

parum.

IY. GENITIVE OF CHARACTERISTIC. 1. Tarqumiusfratrcm liabuit Aruntem,

7initis ingenii juvencm.

1 362. 3396, III. 3) (2).

6

390, III. 4) (2).2438; 438, 1.

4102. 5, III. 4) (1)1

SYNTAX OF NOUNS. -O

2. Atlienienses belli ducern1

elTgunt Periclern,1

spectatac

virtutis virum.2

3,. Classem* septuaginta* navium

Atlienienses Miltiadi3

dederuiit.

V. GENITIVE or SPECIFICATION. 1. Cyri nomen6

ac-

cepit. 2. Quid sonat vox voluptdtis f 3. Yirtutes <%>??-

tinentiae, gravitdtis, justitiae, fidei, omni Lonore 6

dignaesunt. 4. Germaniae vocabiilum, recens est. 5. Domini

appellationem semper7exhorruit Augustus.

RULE XVII. Genitive with Adjectives. 399.

40, 1. Avida e&peri&uli virtus. 2. Haec aetas vir-

tutum ferax est. 3. Conscia mens recti famae 8 menda-

cia9ridef. 4. Roman i appetentes

10

gloriae atque"

avidi

laudis fuerunt. 5. Multi contentionis sunt cupidiOres13

qnam veritdtis. 6. Epaminondas .fuit peiitus,^^^', veri-

ta,iis diligens. 7. Conon prudens rei . militiiris erat.

8. Socrates^se omnium .rerum nescium 13

fingit." 1). Tlie-

mistocles peritissimosia

lelli pavalis fecit Atbenienses.

10. Homo rationisl *

est particeps, 11. Plena errorum

sunt'omnia. 12. Ornnes virtutis compotes1B bead sunt.

13. Viri10

propria est fortitude.

RULE XVIII. Predicate Genitive. 401-403.

41, 1. Damnatio v$>k jud/icitm ; .poena, legis. 2. Im-boeilli a-mmi est superstitio. 3. Xerxis

8classis mille et

dncentili tun navium fuit. 4. Claudmsfterat somni bre-

vissinii. 5. Permagni momcnii est ratio.

18 LATIN READER.

est florentisl

actdtis ; prudentia, senescentis. 7. Praeda

parvi yyretii fuit. 8. Thebae 3

populi Roman! factae3

sunt. 9. Yoluptatem virtus minimi *facit. 10. Divitiae

a me 5 minimi *

putantur. 11. ISTulla possessio phiris

quam virtus aestimanda est. 12. Yendo meum frumen-

tuin non pluris, quam ceteri. 13. Mentiri7 non est

meum* 14. Tuum. est mill!8

ignoscere.

RULE XIX. Genitive with Certain Verbs. 406-408.

42, \.Eorum miserere,10

qui11

in miseriis"

sunt.

2. Animus meminit 13

praeteritorum" praesentia ccrnit,

futura praevidet. 3. Reminisceie pristmae virtutis ilel-

vetiurum. 4. Deorum 15 immortalium beneficia16

recor-

der. 5. Obliti sunt injuridriim. 6. Habetis ducem

memorem vestri, oblltum sui. 7. Aliorum vitia cernit,

obliviscitur sudrum. 8. Flagitiorwn suoruni recordabi-

tur. 9. Plane! meriti recorder.

10. Magni17rei publicae interest omnes copias

iecon-

venire.19

11. Illud mea** magni interest. 12. Hoc tiia

nihil"referebat. 13. Tua et mea maxime 21

interest te

valere. 14. I^on refert, quam multos libros, sed quambonos habeas.

23

RULE XX. Accusative and Genitive. 410.

43. 1. Te veteris amicitiae commonefacio. 2. T'il>Q-

riusjudices legum admonebat.

'575.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 19

3. Te convinco non Inhumanltdiis solum, sed etiam1

amentiae. 4. Fannius Verrem insimulat avaritiae et

audaciae. 5. Cicero Verrem avaritiae coarguit. 6.

Orestes accusatur matricidii. T. JSTicomedes furti dam-

natus est.

8. Nonne 2te iniseret mei f 9. ]STum

2

hujus te gloriae

poenitebat ? 10. Me non solum piget stultitiae meae,

sed etiam pudet. 11. Me civitatis marum* piget tae-

detque.4

ABLATIVE.

RULE XXI. Ablative of Cause, Manner, Means. 414.

44, I. CAUSE. 1. Caesar 'beneficiis ac mwiificentia

magnus liabebatur, integritdte vitae, Cato.6

2. Quidammills suis gloriantur. 3. Gubernatoris eu'&.utilitdtc, non

arte laudatur. 4. Avaritid et luxurid Itonuma civitas

laborabat. 5. Mmio gaudio paene"

desipiebam. G.

Adolescentes senum 7

praeceptis gaudcnt. T. Laetus

sprte tua vives sapienter.6

8. Campfaii fuerunt superbi~bonitdte agrorum.

II. MANNER. 1. Miltutcles samma 8

ae-quitate rea

Chersoi"iqgi constituit. 2. Atlieniense^ v', summa, proeli-

um comnl'iseriin't. 3. Sidera"

c iv. us suos conficiunt

maximii 10celeritdte. 4. Atlienicijces cum silentio" audlti

sunt. 5. Cum virtilte viviinus. C. Pausaaiias epulabfi-

tur 7??.^ Persiiruin.

III. MEANS, INSTRUMENT. 1. Servius Tullius virtyte

1

587, I. *.

20 LATE* EEADEK.

regnum tenuit. 2. Nemo fitl

casu bonus. 3. Aramsanimus nullo satiatur lucre. 4. Trahiinur omnes studio

'laudis.

25. Magnos homines virtute metimur, non for-

tana. G. Dido 3vitain suam gladio finIvit. 7. Voluptate

capiuntur homines, ut liomw pisces.4

8. Minuuntur atrae

carmine curae. 9. Boni nullo emolumento impellunturin fraudem.

6

IY. AGENT. 1. Alcibiades erudltus est a Socrate*

2. A Deo omnia 7facta sunt.

83. Sacra ab Nurna insti-

tiita sunt. 4. A munis'1

ipsa virtus coiiteninltur.

RULE ^KII.Al.Iaiive of Price. 416.

45, 1. Ego10

spem pretio non emo. 2. Yas Corin-

thium magno pretio mercatus sum. 3. Yiginti talentis

unam 11orationem Isocrates vendidit. 4. Si prata magno

aestimant, quantiI2

est aestimanda13

virtus ? 5. Fanum

pecunid grandi vendituni est. C. >tium non gemmisu

venale est.

RULE XXIII. Ablative with Comparatives.- 417.

46. 1. Yilius argentum est auro, mrlitfibus auruni.

2. Lux sonitu est velocior. 3. Amoris simulatio pcj

est odio. 4. Kiliil est verittltis luce dulcius. 5. !N"iliil eat

raiione melius.35

6. JLacrlma nihil citias arescit.

7. Tullus Hostilias fcrocior quam Romulus fait.

major15

est quam terra. 9. Xatiira niliil habet

SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 21

praestantius quam honestdtem. 1

10. Timoleon sapientiusa

tulit3 secundam fortunam quam adversam. 11. Major

fainae sitis est quam virtutis-.1

RULE XXIV. Ablative of Difference. 418.

4% 1. Patria milii4

vita mea multo est carior. 2.

Pompeius ~biennio major fuit quam Cicero.1

3. Hie locus

aequo spatio ab castris5Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat. 4

ISTuma Pompilius annis permultis ante fuit qtiam Py-thagoras. 5. Homeri 7

etsi incerta sunt tempora, tamenannis multis fuit ante Koniiilum.

9

RULE XXV. Ablative in Special Constructions. 419.

48. I. UTOE, FEUOR, ETC. 1. Multi 'beneficio Dei

perverse utuntur. 2. Rccordatione iiostrae amicitiae*

Iruor. 3. Commoda, quibus utinmr, a Deo 10 nobis 11

dantur. 4. Lux, qua, fruimur, a Deo nobis datur. 5. Yir-

tutis munere ftinctus sum. 6. Solus potitus est imperioRomiilus. 7. Nmmdae plerumque lacte

"et came 13

ves-

cebantur.

II. FIDO, CONFIDO, ETC. 1. Prudentiti consilioqiiQl4

fidimus. 2. Quis aut corporis firmitate ant fortiinae sta-

liludte confIdet ? 3. Juvenis nititur Jiasta.

III. PLENTY AND ^"ANT. 1. Abundfirunt15

semperauro regna Asiae. 2. Capua fortissimorum virorum

multitudme redundat. 3. AntiocliTa eruditissimis homi-

22 LATIN READER.

nibus affluebat. 4. Nihil lionestum est quod*

yustitid

vacat. 5. Nulla 2vitae pars vacat qfficio. 6. iNunquam

erninentia invidia caret. 7. Magna negotia magnis ad*

jutoribus egent. 8. Deus "bonis3 omnibus explevit mun-

dum. 9. Hectora4vita spoliavit Achilles. 10. Caesari

tradita urbs est, nuda 8

praesidio, referta cqpiis. 11,

Virtute multi3

praediti sunt. ^IY. DIGNUS, INDIGNUS, ETC. 1. Virtus imitation?,

non invidia digna est. 2. Quam multi indigni luce

sunt, et ta'men dies oritur.6

3. Sapientia eo contenta est,

quod adest. 4. Inielligentia vestra fretus sum.

V. OPUS AND Usus. 1. Magistratibus opus est. 2.

Multis7duce opus est. 3. Nihil

8

opus est simulatwne.

4. Nambus consuli usus est. 5. Quantum9

argenti10

est

tibi opus ? 6. JSTobis exem^la permulta opus sunt.

49. 1. In Italia bellum fuit. 2. Haec ab Eomanisin Graecid gesta sunt. 3. Iphicrates in Thracid vixit.

4. Caesar db urbe proficiscitur. 5. Darius ex Asia in

Eurupamn

exercitum trajecit. 6. Talis Romae Fabri-

cius, qualis Aristldes Athenis fait.

7. Tarquinius Superbus mortuus est Cwnis. 8. E"uma

Pompilius CuTibus habitabat. 9. Syracusis est fons

aquae dulcis, cui12noinen AretMsa est. 10. Demaratus,

,/miiregis pater, fugit TarquiniosJ3

CorintJw. 11.

terra marline,14

gesta sunt. 12. Conon plurimum"

vixit 6v

^??^,lfl

Timotlieus Lesbi.

M45.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS, 23

RULE XXVII. AUatwe^of. Source and Separation. 425.

50. 1. Praeclarum a majoribus accepirnus morem. 1

2. Hoc a semlus 2audivimus. 3. Disce, puer, virtutem

ex me, fortunam ex aliis. 4. Ex nimia potentia oritur

interitus. 5. Jove3

nate, Hercules, salve.

6. Abstinent pugna. 7. Lacedaemonii de diutina

contentione destiterunt. 8. Zama guinque dierum iter*

db Carthagme abest. 9. Ariovistus millibus5

passuumsex a Caesaris castris

6consedit. 10. Tu, Jupiter, Cati-

linam a teciis urbis, a moenibus, a vita fortunisqwQ civi-

um omnium ai^Qebis. 11. Dionysius tyrannus Symcusis

expulsus est. 12\^ris^tldes nonne 7

expulsus est patrial13. Themjs^o^tes-knperator bello Persico servitute 'Grae-

L Robustus animus omni cst liber

EULE XXVHI. Ablative of Time. -426,

51. 1. Augustus obiit8sexto et septuagesimo-aetfitis

anno. 2. Socrates supremo9vitae die de immortalitfite

animorum multa disseruit. 3. Timoleon proelia maxi-

ma 10natali die suo fecit omnia. 4. Qua node natus est

Alexander, eddem Dianae Ephesiae templum deflagrfivit.

5. Solis occasu suas copias Ariovistus in castra reduxit.

6. Nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit. 7. Laelius

sermonem de amicitia habuit paucis diebus 11

post mor-

tem Africani. 8. Roscius liteni13

decldit ahliinc t

quattuor. 9. Cartliago septingente no post |

condita erat, deleta est.

i

5378, 2.

8163, 3.

6 132. 10165.

7346, II. 1.

"427.

8295, 8. "71,6.

24 LATE* READEE.

RULE XXIX. Ablative of Characteristic. 428.vA fr^ Y %5tjJli..

52. 1. Caesar Procillum, summal

virtute adolescen-

tem, ad Ariovistum misit. 2. Aristoteles, virz summo

ingenio, sdentia, copia, prudentiam cum eloquentia con-

junxit. 3. Cato singuldri fnit prudentia3et industrid.

4. Appius homo fuit swnmd prudentia, multd etiam

doctrma. 5. Hannibalis nomen erat magnd apud omnes

gloria. 6. Agesilaus statura fuit huimli et corpore exi-

t/no. Y. Caesar fuit excelsd statura, colore candido,

nigris oculis.

RULE XXX. Ablative of Specification. 429.

53. 1. Sunt quidam homines 4 non re, sed nomine.

2. Doctrma Graecia Eomanos et omni litterarum genere

supembat. 3. Mardonius, rtatione Medus, a Pausania5

fugatus est. 4. Helvetii reliquos Gallos virtute praece-dunt. 5. Ancus regnavit aimos

6

quattuor et viginti,

cuillbet7

superiorum8

regum belli pacisque et artibus et

gloria par.

RULE XXXI. Ablative Absolute. 430 & 431.

54. 1. Cognito Caesaris adventu, Ariovistus legfitos

ad eum mittit. 2. Ite,9dels

10

loenejuvantibus. 3. Py-

thagoras, Tarquinio Superbo regnante-, in Italiam venit.

4. Virtute exceptd, nihil amicitia"

praestabilius est. 5.

::fini pelllbus12

utuntur, magna corporiaparte mtdd.

6. ISTatus est Augustus, CicerOne et Antonio consulibus.

1

163, 3.6414, 5.

9205.

8 363. 378.'

45, 6.

8428, 1, 2).

7191, II.

;391. "

417.4 302.

8163, 3.

"419.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 25

7. Romani, Scipione duce, ponte facto, superaveruntTicinum numen.

RULE XXXIL Cases with Prepositions. 432-435.

55. I. ACCUSATIVE. 1. Sophocles ad summam senec-

tutem tragoedias fecit. 2. Adolescentes senum praeceptis

ad virtutum l

studia ducuntur. 3. Pietas est justitia ad-

versus deos. 4. Ante lucem galli canunt. 5. Epaminon-das Lacedaemonios yicit apud Mantineam. 6. LegionesEtruscorum cis Padum fusae sunt. 7. Utilitatis dere-

lictio contra naturam est. 8. Justitia erga deos religio2

dicitur, erga parentes, pietas. 9. Ratio conciliat inter

se* homines. 10. Amicitia est propter se expetenda.4

11. Animus per somnum curis5 vacuus est. 12. Post

me erat Aegina. 13. Secundum flumen paucae statiunes

videbantur. 14. German! trans Rlienum incolunt.

II. ABLATIVE. 1. A prima6

aetdte me pliilosopliia

delectavit. 2. Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator.

3. Sex menses 7 cum Antiocho philosopho ftii. 4. Scipioob egregiam victoriam de Ilannibcde appellatus est Afri-

cfinus. 5. Yirtus ex viro appellata est. 6. Cato praeceteris floruit

%T. Caesar legiones pro castris constituit.

8. Vita niliil sine magno Idbore dedit mortalibus.8

9.

Aqua er&t pectoribus tenus.9

III. ACCUSATIVE OE ABLATIVE. 1. In amnem ruunt.

2. Gallia est divlsa in partes tres. 3. Homo doctus in se

semper divitias habet. 4. Sub ipsa moenia progress!"sunt. 5. Saepe est etiarn sub pallia sordido sapientia,G. Yirtus omnia subter se habet.

1

396, II.4 231

; 460, 1.*378.

2 362. 6419, III.

e384, II.

3448, 1.

6441, 6; 166. "434,4.

2

26 LATIN KEADEK.

SYNTAX OF ADJECTIVES.

RULE XXXIII. Agreement of Adjectives. 438, 439.

56. 1. Vera amicitia sempiterna est. 2. Verae ami-

eitiae sempiternae sunt. 3. Yenit Mems glacidlis. 4.

Fugit irreparable tempus. 5. Nihil est ab omni partoledtum. 6. Atra nubes condidit lunam. Y. Hora quotaest ? 8. Qualis est w mens ? 9. Nemo nascitur dives.

10. Stultitia et temerit^sfugienda'

sunt. 11. Labor

voluptasque, dissimilUmd a

natura,3inter se sunt juncta.

12. JSTon terret sapientem*mors. 13. fortes

4fortuna

adjiivat. 14. Primd 6luce summus mons a Labieno

tenebatur.6

15. Feriunt summos fulgura montes. 16.

Roscius assiduus" ruri8vixit. 1Y. Pliilosopliiae

9nos

^^?<s traclimus. 18. Tliemistocles absens proditionis10

est

accusdtus. 19. Triumplius clarior quam yratiorn

fuit.

SYNTAX OF PEONOUNS.

EULE XXXIV. Agreement of Pronouns. 445.

57. 1. Omne animal se ipsum12

diligit. 2. Ad quasres aptissimi erimus, in Us elaborabmius. 3. Nihil ex-

pedit, quod non decet. 4. Non est vir1S

fortis, qui"

labo-

rem fugit.

58. PERSONAL AND POSSESSIVE. 446-449. 1. Omnia

1 460; 439, 3.

SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. 27

animalia set diligunt. 2. 5V tua* me delectant mea.

3. Ad amicum de amicitia scripsi. 4. Ego beatus sum.

5. In pliilosophiae studio aetfitem consumpsi. 6. Aris-

tides non effugit civiuni suorum invidiam.

5 9, DEMONSTRATIVE. 450-452. 1. Haec est tyran-norum vita. 2. ^T^^jIC*eeetaiEatr. 3. file est vir.

4. Ab ipso Gracclio eddem haeo audlmiis. 5. Homo ha-

bet memoriam et earn* infimtam.

60. RELATIVE. 453. 1. In mimdo Detis est, qui

regit, gui gubernat, qui cursus astrurum, mutationes

temporuin, rerum vicissitudmes conservat. 2. Riclen-

tur,6 mala gui componunt carmifta. 3. Eddem est utili-

tatis, quae6

honestatis, regtila. 4. Servi moribus 7iisclein

erant, guibus'1 dominus. 5. Animal hoc provkhim,

sagax, acutuin, memor, plenum ratiouis,8

quern9

vccfi-

mu3 hominem, gencriitum est a Deo. 6. Perutiles

Xenophoutis libri sunt;> guos

10

legite studiOse..

61. INTERROGATIVE. 454. 1. dii" imm ortales,"

quam rem publicam Labemus, in qua, urbe vivunus ? 2.

Quae in me est facultas ?

62. INDEFINITE. 455-459. 1. Exspectfibamn

cdl-

quem meorum." 2. "Veni Athenas,15

neque me qidsq^iamibi agnovit. 3. Aut nemo, aut^ si quisquam, Cato sapi-

ens fuit. 4. Suum cuique16

pnlclirnm est. 5. Optimum"

quidque18rarissimum est. 6. Consiilum alter

19cxercitum

perdidit, alter vendidit. ,

1371.

8399, 2, 2).

M441, 1.

2441, 1.

9445, 4.

'

10 379.3

452, 1.10 453. 10 384.

4451, 2.

u45, 6.

1T165*; 441, 2.

*453, 2.

12369.

18458, 1. >

451, 5.1J>

468.13

149. \7 428.

28 LATIN READER.

SYNTAX OF YEEBS.

AGREEMENT.

RULE XXXV. Verb with Subject. 460-463.

63. 1. Homines, duin docentj discuni. 2. Tantum

scimus* quantum memoriil tenemus. 3. Ego libertatem

peperi ; ego patriam liberam? 4. Crescit amor numnii,

quantum3

ipsa pecunia crescit. 5. Pars perexigua Ro-

mam inermes*deldU sunt. 6. Uterque

6eoruin exerci-

tum ex castris educunt.* 7. Corinthus, totius G-raeciae

lumen, exstinctum'' est. 8. Ratio et oY&tioconciliat* inter

se homines. 0. Castor et Pollux ex equis pugnaverunt?*

INDICATIVE TENSES AND USE.

RULE XXXVI. Use of Indicative. 474.

64. PRESENT. 466, 467. 1. Virtus condliat amici-

tras. 2. Nulla habemus arma contra mortem. 3. In

proelio cita mors venit, aut victoria laeta.

65. IMPERFECT. 468, 469. 1. Laelius orationcm

suani exornabat. 2. Exspectabam advcntum Menandri.

3. Lycurgi leges vigebant. 4. Ut Romae 10

consoles, sic

C/irtliagine quotannis bini reges credbantur.

66. FUTURE AND FUTURE PERFECT. 470, 473. 1. Ro-

1

460, 2.

SYNTAX OF VEKBS. 29

mam '

quum venero, quae2

perspexero, scriham ad to.

2. Ut seinentem feceris, ita metes. 3. Si te3

rogavero

aliquid,3 non respondebis f

67. PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT. 471, 472. 1. Hos-

tes, ubi primnm nostros equites conspexeruntf celeriter

nostros perturbaverunt. 2. Ipse semper cum Graecis

Latlna conjunxi. 3. Civitas haec semper a me defensaest. 4. Lacedaernoniorum gens fortis fuit, dum Lycurgi

leges vigebant. 5. Summa, cura,5

exspectabam adventum

Menaadri, qncm6 ad te miseram. 6. Hannibal tres mo-

dios aureOrum annulurum Cartliagmem misit, quosmanibus 7

equitum EomanGruni 8

detraxerat.

^\

SUBJUNCTIVE. TENSES AND USE.

RULE ^KXyil. Sequence of Tenses. 480, 481.

63. 1. Ego vos liortor, ut amicitiam omnibus rebus9

liuinanis antcpondtis. 2. Phllosophia nos clocuit, ut

nosmet 11

ipsos nosceremus. 3. Dubitant nonnulli do

mundo, casune13

ipse sit effectm- an mento divlna. 4.

.Epaminondas quaesivit, salvnsne15

esset "clipeus. 5. Epa-minondas rogiivit, essenfaQfusi liostes. 6. Ego in

publicis ita sum versatus, ut defenderim multos.

EULE XXXVIII. Potential Subjunctive. 485, 486.

69. 1. Quaerat quispiam, cujusnam1Ccausa

"

dus factus sit.14

2. Videos rebus" injustis j

'370.

30 LATIN READER.

maxime '

dolere.2

3. Equidem vellem? ut redlres. 4.

Forsitan quaeras qui iste terror sit. 5. Hoc sine ulla*

iitiunc confirmavcrim. 6. Quid facidtis f5

7.

haec faciat f 8. Quid mdeatur Deo 6

magnum in

rebus 'humanis ?

RULE XXXIX. Subjunctive of Desire. 487;488.

70. 1. Imltemur majorcs nostros. 2. Valeant cives

mei;

s-int incolumes, sint beati;

sfe haec urbs praeclara.3. Eeligio et tides anteponatur'

1

amicitiae.8

4. Orator

imitetur Demosthenem. 5. Is qui imporat aliis9serviat

ipse nulli10

cupiclitati. 6. In rebus prosperis superbiam

arrogantiamquej^t^ttTmw?. 7. Xe qnis, tanquam parva,

faslidiat grammaticae elemeirlS.

RULE XL. Subjunctive of Purpose or Result. 489.

71. UT AND ]STE. 490-493. 1. Eomiini ab aratro

abduxerunt Cincimiatum, ut dictator esset.11

2. Phaetlion

optavit, ut in currum 12

patris"

ttiUeretur" 3. Caesar

adLamiani scripsit, ut ad ludos omnia^x/rr?;^.1 *

4. Ti-

moleon oravit omncs, no id 'facerent* 5. DecrGvit

senfittiSj ut consul viderc-l" no quid res publlca detri-

raenti1<J

caperet" 6. Discipulos id unura 17

monco, ut

pracccptoresie non minus, quam ipsa studia ament."

72. LTT AND LTT NON. '494-496. 1. Tanta vis probi-tatls cst, nt earn in hoste etiam diligdmus. 2. Dives est,

cui1!J

tanta possessio est, ut nihil optet amplius. 3. Epa-mi;ioiidas adeo fuit veritfitis

20

diligens, ut no joeo21

qui-

1

305, 2;105.

SYNTAX OF VERES. 31

dem 1

mentiretur. 4. Quis est tarn miser, ut^lion Dei

munificentiam senserit f 5. Alcibiades erat ea sagacitate,2

ut decipi1 non posset*

73. Quo, Qura, QUOMINUS. 497-499. 1. Lex bre-

vis est, quo facilius ab imperltis tenedtur. 2. Nunquamaccedo ad te, quin abs te abeam,

6doctior. 3. Quis dubi-

tet,6

quin in virtute divitiae sint ? 4. Quid obstat, quo-minus Deus sit beatus ?

74. RELATIVE. 500, 501. 1. Caesar equitatum, qui

sustineret hostium impetum, misit. 2. Kon tu is es,

quern nibil delectet. 3. Ego is sum, qui nihil unquammea, potius quam meoru^\ civium causa,

7

fecerim.* 4.

Nihil est quod Deus efficere non possit. 5. Nullum est

animal praeter hommem, quod habeat notitiam aliquam.Dei. 6. Inventi sunt multi,

10

qui non modo pecuniam,11

sed vitam etiani profundere12

prp patria paratiI3

cssent.

^.

RULE XLI. Subjunctive of Condition. 503-513.

75. DUM, MODO, DUMMODO. 505.- 1. Oderint,14 dum

meiuant. 2. Multi'omnia recta10

negligunt, dummodo

potentmmrconsequantur. 3. Omnia postposui, dummodo

praeccptis15

76. Ac si, UT si, QUASI, ETC. 506. 1. Tu similiter

facis, ac si me rogesr cur te duobus 10contuear "

ociilis.

2. Patres nietus cepit," velut si jam ad portas liostis es

3. Quid3U

testibus20

utor, quasi res dubia sit f

1

602, III 2.

32 LATIN READEK.

77. Si, NISI, ETC. : Qui=Si is, ETC. 507-513. 1.

Anirnum rege, qui, nisi paret, imperat.1

2. Si beatam

vitam volumus* adipisci,3

virtu ti opera danda est. 3.

Thucydidis orationes ego latulo;imitari neque possim*

si velim* nee velim fortasse, si possim. 4. Non possem*

vivere, nisi in litteris viverem.* 5. Consilium, ratio, sen-

tentia nisi essent6in senibus,

7

non summum 8

consilium9

majores nostri appellassent'

senatum.

EULE- XLII. Subjunctive of Concession. 515, 516.

78. LICET, QUAMVIS, ETC. 1. Licet ipsa vitium11

sit

ambitio, frequenter tamen causa virtutum est.12

2. None^t inagims pumilio, licet in inQnte constiterit. 3. Quam-vis se

13

ipso contentus sit sapiens,14

amicislb

illi opus est.

4. Ego, qui sero Graecas lift-eras attigissem, tamen com-

plures Atlienis16

dies17 sum commorutus.

79. ETSI, TAMETSI, ETIAMSI. i. Eloquentiae10

stu-

dendum est, etsi efi19

quidam penrerse abutuntur. 2.

Hoc, etiamsi nobilitatum non sit tamen lionestum est;

etiamsi a nullo2l

laudetur, est laudabile.

RULE XLIII. Subjunctive of Cause. 517-520.

80. QUUM, Qtn. 518, 510. 1. Quum vita sine ami-

cis metus 22

plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias compa-v'e. 2. Quum sint in nobis consilium, ratio, prudentia,

'508.

SYNTAX OF VEKBS. 33

necesse est, Deum'

haec ipsa habere2

majura. 3. Quumvenissem

3

Athenas,4

sex menses5 cum Antiocho, nobilis-

snno philosopho,7

fui. 4. Caninius fuit mirifica vigilan-

tia,8

qui suo toto consulatu9 somnnm non viderit.

81. QUOD, QUIA, ETC. 520. 1. Plato eseam" malo-

nnn appellat voluptatem, quod ea,12 homines capiantur,

velut hamo pisces. 2. Nemo nnquam.est oratorein, quodLatme loqueretur+admirdtus. 3. Mater irata est, quiti

non redierim. / \O cgO-RULE XLIY. Subjunctive of Time wXk Cause. 521-523.

82. 1. Dum reliquaa naves convenirent, ad lioram

nonam exspectavit. 2. Quievere13

milites, dum praefec-tus anna 14

inspiceret. 3. Tragoedi quotidic, antcquam

pronuntient, vocem sensmi 'excitant. 4. Ante ]5 videmus

fulgnrationem, quam somim ^aiididimts. 5. Caesar ad

fompeii castra10

pervenit^^rTusquam tompeius senfirct",

RULE J/fff. Subjunctive in Indirect Questions. 525.

83. 1. Nescis^'quantas vires virtus haleat. 2. No-

men tantum virfcutis usurpas ; quid:o

ipsa valeat, ignoras.

3. Lepidus declaravit quantum halcret odium servitutis.20

4. Caesar equitatum omnem praemittit, quiai

videant,"

quas in partes iierfaciant. 5. Non intelligunt liomines,

quam magnum vectlgal23

sit parsimonia." G. In orato-

1 645; 45, 6

a549.

3

%L8,II. 1.

4379.

S378.

6162.

7 363.8 428.

9 42G.

34 LATIN READER.

ribus Graecis, admirabile est, quantum inter omnes unus

excelled. 7. Mihi non minor!'

curae2

est, qualis res pub-lica post mortem moamfotura sit, quam qualis liodie sit.

RULE XLVI. Subjunctive by Attraction. 527.

84. 1. Me admones, ut me integrum, quoad possim,servem.

3

2. Quid est, cur non orator de rebus iis elo-

quentissime dicat,4

quas cognorit. 3. Jussit ut, quae

venissent, naves Euboeam peterent.3

4. In Horteiisio

mempria fuit tanta, ut, quae secum commentdtus esset,

ea.verbis5iisdem

6

redderet,7

quibus cogitavisset. 5. Re-

cordationes

nostrae arnicitiae sic fruor, ut beate vixisse9

videar/ quia cum Scipioiie vixer.im.

RULE XLYII. Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse. 529.

85. 1. Socrates dicebat,11 omnes 12

in eo, quod sclrcnt^

satis13

esse11

eloquentes. 2. Apud Hypanim1>

fluvium,

Aristoteles ait,10

bestiolas quasdem ^nasci, quae unumdiem vivant. 3. Ariovistus Caesari

' 7

respondit : quidsibi vellet f

18cur in suas possessiones venlrct f jus esse

belli, ut, qui vicissent, iis,19

quos vicissent, qiiemadmo-dum vellent, imperarent. 4. Legationi Ariovistus respon-dit : si quid ipsi

20a Caesare opus esset^ sese ad eum

venturum fuisse;21

si quid ille a se velit, ilium ad se

venire"

oportere. 5. Divico ita cum Caesare cgit : si

paceiri popLilus Romanus cum Helvetiis/^cc/^,23in earn

165.

SYNTAX OF VERBS. 35

partem ituros'

Helvetios,3ubi eos Caesar esse voluisset ;

'

sin bello persequi*

perseverdret, reminisceretur pristmaevirtutis

5Helvetiorum.

IMPERATIVE TENSES AND USE.

RULE XLVIII. Imperative. 535.

86. 1. Sperne ;voluptates. 2. Consulate vobis," Pa-

Ires '[conscript i, 'prospiciie patriae, conservate vos," conju-

beros, ibrtunasque vestras; popiili RonuTni noinen

ndite.^ 3. Vive inemor leti;

9

fngit liora.

4. Yaletndinein tuani cura diligenter. 5. Yirtutes excita,

si forte dormiunt. C. Poemata. dulcia sunto. 1. Im-

piusll ne

12audeto

13

placare donisiram deuruin.. 8. Con-

stiles militiae summum jus Jiabento^ nemmi parento. 9.

Noll J4te oblivisci

14CicerOncin esse. 10. Cura ut quam

primum15

venias.10

.

.INFINITIVE TENSES AND USE.

Tenses of Infinitive. 540-544.

EULE XLDL Subject of Infinitive. 515.

Predicate after Infinitive. 546, 547.

Infinitive g& Subject* 549.

87.1. Virum lonum esse, semper est.utile." 2. Om-nibus bonis

18

expedit, salvam esse rem publicam. 3. ADeo mundum necesse

"est regi. 4. Concedendum est

13

1

530, I.; 545, 3

;295.

36 LATE* HEADER.

in virtute sola positam esse bedtam vitam. 5. Laelium

doctum fuisse traditum est. 6. Lcctltavisse' Platonem

studiuse Demosthenes dicitur.1

7. ]STon esse2

cupidumpecunia

3est. 8. Non esse cmdcem vectlgal est. 9. Con*

tentum suis rebus4esse maximae 5

snnt divitiae. 10. Di'

ligere parentes6

prima7naturae lex

3est. 11. Lycurgi

temporibus8 Homerus fuisse dicitur. 12. Imperdre sibi

maximum est imperium. 13. Parentes suos non amarc*

impietas est. 14. Constat ad salutem civium invented

csse leges. 15. Pecuniam praeferre9amicitiae

10sordidum

est. 10. Niliil est tarn angusti animi,11

quarn amdre di-

vitias. 17. Ex malis eligere minima oportet.

Infinitive as Object.--550, 551.

83. 1. Ferre laborem constietudo docet. 2. Vincere

scis, Ilannibal,13

victoria13

uti nescis. 3. Magister tuus

te magna mercede "nihil

J5

sapere:6

docuit. 4. Niini

sum vel Graece loqui, vel Latine docendus? 5. Kenomnes sciunt referre

nbeneficium. 6. A Graecis

JeGalli

urbes moenibus 10

cingere didicerunt. 7. Kon utilem ar-

bitror <?55e futurarum rerum soientiam. 8. Concede w?77

^S(? l)onum', nisi quod honestum sit.20

9. Konne poetae

post mortem nobilitdri volunt ? 10. Syracmas maximumesse Graecdrum urbium omnium audivistis. 11. Socra-

tes parens23

philosophiae jure23 did potest.

2412. Xun-

quam putavi/b^,96ut supplex ad te venlrem.

2513. Cato

esse quam videri bonus 2amalebat.

20

19 414.2U

531.21

396, 2, 3).22

547, I.

23 414.21

289.25

544.25

293.

SYNTAX OF VERBS. 37

Infinitive in Special Constructions. 553.

89. 1. Consilium erat continudrel

JDellum. 2. Bene

et beate vivere est honeste et recte vivere. 3. Postumio

negotium dabatur videre? ne quid3res publica detri-

ment!4

caperet.5

4. Fuit fama Themistoclem venenumsiui sponte

8

sumpsisse. 5. M$ non cum bonis esse f7

6.

Tene hoc, Atti,8

dicere, tali prudentia9

praeditum ? 7.

Adeone hominem infellcem esse quemguatnyut ego sum !

SUBJECT AND OBJECT CLAUSES. 554-558.

90. SUBJECT CLAUSES. 555, 556. 1. Quaeritur, quidfaciendum sit.

102. Yerum n

est aniicitiam inter bonos

esse. 3. Eeliquum est, ut certemus13

officiis13inter nos.

4; Accedit quod1 *

patrem15amo.

91. OBJECT CLAUSES. 557, 558. 1. !Non dubito, tu

quid responsurus sis.10

2. Rogavi pervenissentne16

Agri-

gentunj. 3. Sentlmus nivem esse albam; dulce, mel.

4. Democritus dicit innumerabiles esse mundos. 5. Me-mmi gloriatum esse Hortensium,

17

quod nunquam bello1-

'civlli interfuisset.19

GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 559-5G6.

92. GENITIVE. 563. 1. Sapientia ars20vivendi pu-

tanda est. 2. Caesar loquendi finem facit. 3. Mini 21

discmdi, tibi docendi facultatem otium praebet. 4. Le-

gendi semper occasio est, audiendi, non semper. 5. Epa-

1

553, I.

LATIN READER.

minondas studiosus erat audiendi? 6. Maxime 2 sum

cupidus tesaudiendi. 7. Demosthenes Platonis studio-

sus audiendi fuit. 8. Multi propter gloriae cupiditatem

cupidi sunt ~belldrum gerendorum. 9. Exercendae memo-riae gratifi,

4

quid quoque die6

audierim,6 commemoro

vespere.

93. DATIVE. 564. 1. Crassus disserendo'1

par nonerat. 2. /Solvendo* civitates non erant. 3. Numa sacer-

dotibus* creandis animum adjecit. 4. ~Mo-aspec6ri bonus

alendo erat. 5. Consul placandis diis dat operam. 6.

Sunt nonimlli acuendis puerorum ingeniis non imitiles

lusus.

94. ACCUSATIVE. 565. 1. Homo ad intelligendum10

et ad agendum est natus. 2. Breve teinpus aetatis satis

longum est ad bene 11vivendum. 3. Bene sentire recte-

que facereia

satis est ad bene beateque vivendum. 4.

Pythagoras Lacedaemona 13 ad cognoscendas Lycurgi

leges contendit. 5. Ubii iiaviuin magnam copiam ad

transpartandum exercitum poHicetei|a'. 6. Catilina,

nobilisslmi generis14

vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delen-

dampatriam conjuravit cum audacissimis viris.

95. ABLATIVE. 566. 1. NihiP 5

agenda16 homines

male agere.17

discunt. 2. Lycurgi leges laboribus erudi-

nnt juventutem, venando, currendo, algendo, aestuando.

3. Omnis loquendi elegantia augetur legendis oratoribus

^tpoetis. 4. Yirtutes cernuntur in agenda. 5. Multa 18

,.e bene beateque vivendo a Platone disputata sunt.

1

399, 2, 2).

SYNTAX OF VERBS. 39

SUPINE. 567-570.

L. Supine in TJM. 569.

Supine in u. 570.

96. 1. Lacedaemonii Agesilaum lelldtum miserunt in

Asiam. 2. Themistocles Argos1

hdbitdtum concessit.

3. Hannibal patriam2

defensum reYocatus est. 4. Yei-

entes pacem petltum oratores Romam mittunt. 5. Quod

optimum3

factu4

videbitur, facies. 6. Quid est tain ju-

cundum coynttu atque audttu, quam sapientibus senten-

tiis5ornata oratio ? T. Pleraque dictu, quam re 6 sunt

faciliora.7

PARTICIPLES. 571-581.

97. 1. Alexander moriens8anniilum dedit Perdiccae.

2. Hippias in Marathon ia pugna cecidit, arma contra pa-triam fevens? 3. Apelles pinxit Alexandrum Magnumfulmen tenentem in templo Epliesiae Dianae. 4. Sol

occidens10 noctem conficit. 5. Terra mutdta " non mu-

tat mores. 6. Dionysius tyrannus, Syracusisia

*expulsus,

Corinthi13

pueros docebat. T. Hannibal impcrfitorM

foetus omnes gentes Hispaniae bello subegit. 8. Sacer-

dos vincta in custodiam datur. 9. Regibus exactis, con-

siiles creati sunt. 10. Perffitis1&

rebus omnibus, tamen

ipsa1G

virtus se sustentare1T

potest. 11. Athenienses, non

exspectdto19

auxilio, in proelium egrediuntur.19

12. Sperne

J379.

40 LATIN KEADEL'.

voluptfites ;nocct empta dolore

l

voluptas. 13. Dilapsisunt in oppkla moenibus 3

se defensuri? 14. Pueris

sententias ediscendas3

damus. 15. Lentiilus attribuit

urbem inflammcCndam Cassio,4totam Italiam vastandam

Catillnae.

SYNTAX OF PAETICLES.

RULE LI. Use of Adverbs. 582-585.

CONJUNCTIONS, 587, 588.

98. ADVEKBS. 1. Sapient/is6 animus semper vacat

vitio,6

nunqiiam turgescit; nunquam sapiens irascitnr.

%. Semper in proelio iis7 maximum 8

est periciiliim qui9

maxime timent. 3. Ut secuncla10 moderate tulimus," sic

adversam fortim&m fortlter ferre deberrius.

99. CONJUNCTIONS. 1. Horae cedunt et dies et menses

et anni. 2. N'eque pecuniae neque tecta magnifiea12

ne-

que opes"neque imperia neque volnptates in bonis rebus

numerandae sunt. 3. Atticus neque mendacium dicebat

neque pati poterat. 4-. Yirtus nee eripi nee surripi potest

unqnam ; neque naufragio14

neque incendio amittitur.

5. A.ut ]abores aut sumptus suscipere nolunt;13

6. Est

philosophi10liabere

" non vagam, sed certain sententiam.

7. Jus sua sponte18

est expetendum ;denim omnes viri

Loni jus ipsum amant.

J416.

''Tret-

PAUT SECOND.

LATIN SELECTIONS.

FABLES.

NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Fables and Anecdotes,

special attention should be given to Gender and to the Formation of Cases,

especially of the Genitive Singular of the Third Declension. 44, 47, 55-

90, 99-115, 118, 120,

The Kid and the Wolf.

100. Hoedus, stans*

in tecto domus,2

lirpo

3

praeter-

eunti maledixit. Cui lupus," Non tu" inquit,

4 " sed

tectwn mihi maledicit"

Saepe locus5et tempus homines 6

timidoa audaces7

rccldit,8

The Oxen.

101.- In eodem prato pascebantur9tres

10boves

11in

maxima, concordia, et sic ab onvni ferarum incursiuneia

tuti erant. Sed dissidio13

inter illos orto, singiili a fcris"

petit i ct laniilti sunt.

Fabiila dooct, quantum boni sitir>

in concordia.

42 LATIN EEADEE.

(. DLThe Woman and the Hen.

102. Mulier quaedam Labebat gailmam, qtiae ei1

quotidie ovum pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicaria

coepit,3

illam auri massam intus celare, et galllnam occldit. Sedniliil in eu, repent, nisi quod

*in aliis galllnis reperlii

solet.5

Itaque duni majoribus6

divitiis7

inhiilbat, etiam

minores perdidit.

The Peasant and the Mouse.

103. Mus 8 a rustico deprehensus tarn acri morsu

ejus digitos vulneriivit, lit ille eum dimitteret,9dicens :

"Niliil, mehercule, tampusillum est, quodde salute

10des-

perare debeat" modo se defendere vdit .

The Fox and the Grapes.

104. Yulpes" uvam in vite conspicata ad illam sub-

siliit omnium virium14surirum contention e,

1

si earn forte

attiugere posset. Tandem defatigata inani labore disce-

dens dixit :

" At nunc etiam acerbae sunt, nee eas in via,

rcpertas** tollerem"

1T

Haec fabiila docet, multos ea contemnere, quae se

assequi posse desperent.18

The Wolf and the Crane.

105. In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede J0

igitur

conducit gruem,20

qui ilUid extraliat.11 Hoc grus longi-

tudine21

colli facile effecit. Quum autem mercedem

1

384, II.

43

postularet,1

subrldens lupus et dentibus3

infrendens," Num tibi" inquit,

"parva merces

3

videtur, quod co-

put incolume ex lupifaucibus extroxisti ?"

Trumpeter.

106, Tubicen 4 ab hostibus captus,"JW me" inquit,

"interfidite / nam inermis sum, neque

*

qiddquam ha-

leo praeier licmo tubam" At liostes,"Propter hoc

ipsum" inqniunt,"

te interimemus, quod, quum ipse

pugnandi7

sis8

imperltus^ olios ad pugnam incitdre

*d<%?

Fabula docet, non solum nialeficos9esse pimienclos,

sje.d etiam cos, qui alios ad male faciendum 10irrltent."

The Husbandman and Ms Sons..

107, Agricola senex, quum mortem 12sibi

13

appro-

pinqufire sentlret,14

filios convocfivit, quos,15

ut 'fieri10

so-

let, interdum discordare noverat,"" et fascem Tirgulfirumafferri

1B

jubet. Quibu^allatis, filios liortfitur, ut liunc,

fascem Irangerent. Quod19

quum facere non possent,,

distribuit singiilas virgas, iisque celeriter fractis, docuit

illos, quain firma res20

esset21

concordia, quamque imbe-

cillis discord ia.

^ The Mice.

108, Mures aliquando liabuerunt consilium, quo-modosLbi" a fele cav-erent. Multis aliis

23

propositisjx

1

518, II.

44 LATIN EEADEB.

omnibus placuit,mt ci* tintinnabulunrannecterGtur;

2sic

enim ipsos3sonitu admomtos earn fugcre posse. Scd

quum jam inter mures qiiaerfcretrir,* qui felitintin^aj

luni annecteret, nemo repertus est.

Fabiila docet,.in suadeiido,8

plurhnos7

esse auXliuces,

seel in ipso periciilo thnid-j:-.

__ *

The Enemies.

109, In eadem navi8vehebantur duo,

9

qui inter se

capitalia odia exercebant. Unus 9 eorum in prora, alter10

-

in puppi"

residebat. Orta tempestiite ingenti, quumomnes de vita, desperarent, interrogat is, qui in puppi

sedebat, gubernatorem, utram partem nawsprius sub~^mersum iri existimMret. Cui gubernator,

a JProram"

respondit. Turn ille," Jam mors mihi non molcsta est,

quum inimlci mei mortem adspeciurus sim"

The Tortoise and the

110. Testudo aquilam magnopei^wabat, ut sese.

volare doceret.13

Aquila ei ostendebat^quidem, e-^.m14

rcm ai

petere naturae1C

suae contrariam;sed ilia j\milo

17

minus instabat, et obsecrfibat aquilam, ut so yolufrem

facere vellet.18

Itaque ungulis arreptani aqujl.;

in sublime, et,demisit illam, ut per aerem ferrctur.13 Turn

in saxa irtcideris comminUta interiit."

Haec fabula docet, multos cupiditatibus suis occ.

tos consilia prudentiGrum respuere, et iii exitium riiyre

stultitia20

sua.

FABLES. 45

The Lion.

111. Societiitem junxerantl

leo, juvenca, capra, ovis.

Praeda autem, quam ceperant, in quattuor partes aequa-les divisa,

2

leo," Pr-ima" ait,

3

"meaest; debetur enimhaeo praestantiae meae. Tollam et secundam, quammeretur 4

robur& meum. Tertiam vincTicat sibi

6

egreginslabor meus. Quartern, qui sibi arrogdre valueritJ is

8

iat* se habiturum meinimicuitYi,sibi"10

Quid facerent"

imbecilles bestiae, ant quae sibi leonem infestum liabere

vellet?11

Anaxagoras.

112: Ankxagoram fenmt,13

nuntiatila morte filii,

dixisse : "'Sciebam me genuisse mortdlem."13

TMlcs.

. life. Tliales interrogatus, quid esset14

Deus,"Quod"

intjuit," initio etfine caret"

114. Thales interrogatus, quid esset difficile,16

."/Sb

ij}stim" inquit, "nosse"1T

Interrogatus, quid esset facile :

" Mierum" inquit, "admonere"115. Thales rogatus, quid maxime commune esset

Jrominibus,1B "

Spes" responclit," Jiano enim et illi ha-

lent, qui aliud nihil"

116. Quum. Thales interrogaretur,10

quid esset om-

nium vetustissinram, respondit: "Deus, quod nunquamesse coepit"

'

46 LATIN EEADEE.

Socrates.

117. Socrates, in ponrjDii quum magna vis auri ar-

gentique ferretur,1 "

Quam multa non desidero" inquit.

118. Sapientissimus Socrates dieebat,2scire se

3

ntftil,

praeter hoc ipsum^ quod nihil sciret :*

rellquos hoc etiam

ncscire.

Scipio Africanus.

119. Scipio Africanus nunquam ad negotia publica

accedebat, antequam in templo Jovis5

precatus esset.6

120. Scipio Africanus Ennii poetae imaginem7in

sepulcro gentis Corneliae collocari jussit,8

quod Scipionuinres gestas carniinibus suis illustraverat.

9

Antigonus and the Cynic.

121. Ab Antigono Cynicus quidam petiit10 talentum.

Respondit,11

plusia

esse^ quam quod13

Cynicus petere de-

foret.* Eepulsus petiit denarium. Eespondit rex, mi-

nus" esse quam quod"regem deceret dare.'*

Cicero.

122. Cicero Dolabellae15

dicenti, se16

triginta annos

]iabere,17 " Verum.est" inquit,

" nam hoc jam ante

viginti annos audlvi"

The Lacedaemonians.

123. Lacedaemonii, Philippo minitante le

per litte-

ras, se omnia quae conarentur 19

proliibiturum," quaesi-

verunt, hum se esset*1

etiam mori prohibiturus.

1

518, II.

ANECDOTES. 4:7'

124. Leonidas, Lacedaemoniomm rex, quum Xerxes

scripsisset,1 " Mitte arma;" respondit,

" Veniet cape"

125. Qimm ad Leonidam quidam militum'

dixisset,1

" Hostes sunt prope nos ;" " Et nos" 3

inquit,"prope

illos."

126. E Lacedaemoniis *

unus, quum Perses hostis in

colloquio dix^set1

glorians, "Solem 5

prae jaculorummultitudine 6

et sagittaruin non videbitis,"" In umbra

igitur" inquit,"pugndbimus"

127. Lacedaemoriius quidam quum rideretur,1

quodclaudus in pugnam, iret,

T " At mild" inquit,"pugndref

nonfugere estpropositum"

Solon.T

128. Solon quum interrogaretur,1

eitr nullum sup-

plicitim constituisset9 in eum, qui parentem necasset,

10

respondit, s& id nemmem facturum"putasse.

TheopJirastua, the PJiilostpncr. /

L --129. Theophrastus ad quendam, qui in convivio

prorsus silebat;"Si stultus es? inquit,

"re^facis sapi-

entem ; si sapiens, stultain"

Theocritus, the Poet. L^,

130. Miser poeta praelegerat Theocrito13

verstfe"suos.

Turn interrogabat,14

quosnam maxime approbfiret,""Quos

16omisisti" respondit.

1

518, II.

48 LATIN EEADEE.

Cornelia.

131. Cornelia, Graccliorum mater, quum Campanamatrona, apud illam liospita,

1

ornamenta sua pulcher-

rima,2

ipsi ostenderet,3

traxit earn serinone,4donee e

scholfi redlrent6

liberi. Turn," Et haec" inquit,

" measunt ornamenta"

Themistocles.

132. Memoriam in Themistocle fuisse singularemfemnt. Itaque quum ei Simonides artem memoriae pol-

liceretur,3 " OUivionis" 6

inquit," mallem ;

7 nam me-

mmi etiam, quae* nolo ; oblivisci *non possum, guaevolo"

133. Themistocles quum consuleretur,8 utrum bono

viro pauperi, an minus probato diviti filiam collocaret,8

"Ego vero" inquit,

" malo virum, gui pecunid10

egeat

quampecuniam, guae viro"

134. Themistocles interroganti,12 utrum Achilles"

esse mallet,14 an Homerus, respondit :

" Tu vero mal-

lesne18

fa in Olympwo certamme victorcm16

renuntidri,

anpraeco"

esse, gui victorum nomma "proddmat"

Diogenes, the Cynic.

135. Diogenes Cynicus Myndum18

profectus, quumvideret

3

magnificas19

portas et urbem exiguam, Myn-dios monuit, ut portas clauderent,

20 ne urbs egrederetur.39

363.

ANECDOTES.

TTirasybulus.

136. Quum. quidam Thrasybulo, qui civitatem Athe-

niensium a tyrannorura dominatione liberavit, dixisset :

x

"Quantas tibi gratias Athenae debent !

"ille respondit :

"Diifaciant? ut quantas ipsepatriae debeo gratias, tan-

tas ei videar3retulisse"

Xerxes.

137. Xerxes refertus donis4

fortunae, non equitatu,*

non pedestribus copiis, non navium multitudine, non in-

finlto pondere6auri contentus, praemium ei proposuit,

qui invenisset7 novam voluptatem.

Metcllus Pius.

138. Metellus Pius, in Ilispania bellum gerens8

in-

terrogatus, quid postero die9facturus esset ?

10 " Tumcammeam" inquit,

"si- id

11

elvqui posset, coniburerem"

Pullius Rutilius Eufus.

139. Publius Rutilius Hufus quum amici cujusdam

injustae rogatiOni13

resisteret,1

atque is per summam 14

indignationem dixisset,"Quid ergo milii

15

6pus est ami-

citifi15

tua, si, quod16

rogo, non facis ?" " Immo" in-

quit,"quid milii tud^ si propter tc allquid injustc

facturus sum 9"

Philip.

140. Mulier quaedam a Philippo, quum a convivi.^

1

518, II.

50 LATIN" EEADEE.

temulentus recederet,1

darnnata," A Pliilippo" inquit,

" temulento ad Philippum sobrium provbco."

Titus.

141. Titus amor et deliciae generis humani appella-tus est. Beeordatus quondam super coenam, quod nihil

cuiqnam totoa

die3

praestitisset,4

memorabilem illam

merituque laudatam vocem edidit :

"Amid, diem

perdidi"

XenopJion.

142. Xenophon, quum solemne sacrum faceret,1

filium apud Mantiueam in proelio cecidisse6

cognovit.Coronam deposuit, sed, ut audlvit fortissime pugnanteminteriisse,

6 coronam capiti7

reposuit, numina testatus, se8

majOrem ex virtiite filii voluptatem, quam ex morte

dolOrcm

Diagoras, the Rliodian.

143. Diagoras Rhodius, quum tres ejus iilii in Indis

Glymp*is victores renuntiati essent,1

tanto affectus est

gaudio,9nt in ipso stadio, inspectante popiilo,

10in filiorum

manibus " animam redderet.12

Euripides, tlie Tragic Poet.

144, Atlienienses quondam ab Euripide postulabant,

nt ex tragoedia sententiam quandam tolleret.13

Ille

autem in scenam progressus dixit, se fabulas componero

Eolere,1 *ut populunr doceret,

15 non ut a popiilo disceret.

1

518, II.

ANECDOTES. 51

Tiberius, tSTRomah Emperor.

145. Tiberius praesidibus*

onerandas tribfito2

pro-

vincias3suadentibus

4

rescripsit :

" Boni pastoris* est,

tondere6

pecus, non deglulere"

146, Tiberius, Iliensium legatis7

paulo8

serius" de

morte filii Drusi consolantibus, imdens, se quoque, re-

spond it, vicem10 eorum dolere, qiiod egregium civem Hec-

torem namisissent. Effluxerant autem turn plus quam

mille"anni a morte Hectoris.

147. Quum de Simonide "quaesivisset

"tyrannns

Hiero, quid esset16

Deus;' deliberandi"

sibi unum diem

postulavit. Quurn idem 18ex eo postridie quaereret,

15

biduum petivit. Quum saepius duplicaret numerum

diemiDj admiransque Hiero rcquireret, cur ita faceretie

;

"Quia" inquit,

uquanto

10diutius considero, tanto miJd

res videtur obscurior"

1

70, 2;384.

ROMAN HISTORY.NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Roman History, special

attention should be given to the Synopsis of Conjugation and to the For-

mation of the Parts of the Verb. 216-226;240-242

;246-260.

PERIOD I. ITALIAN AND ROMAN KINGS.

FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO TIIE BANISHMENT OF TARQTTIX, 510 B. C.

Early Italian Kings. Aeneas in Italy.

148. Antiquissnnis1

temporibus3Satnrnus inltaliam

venisse dicitur.3

Ibi hand procul a Janiciilo arcem con-

dklit, eamque Saturniam 4

appellavit. Hie Italos primus6

agricultural!!edocuit.

7

14. Postea Latmus in illis regionibus imperilvit.

Sub lios rege Troja in Asia, eversa est. Hinc Aeneas,AncliTsae filins, cum multis Trojanis, quibus

8 ferrum

GraecM'Tum peperce^at,9

aufugit,10 '

et in^Itaiiajn perve-n it.

10n$i Latliius rex ei

11

benigne reqepto flliain Lavi-

niain in matrimonium dedit.9 Aeneas urbeiii condldit,

quam in lionorem eonjiigis12 Lavinium appellavit.

^feantt

150. Post S^regmnn accepit. !

ROMAN HISTORY. 53

transtiilit,1

urbemque condidit in monte a

Albano, earn-

que Albam Longam nuncupavit. Eum secutus est3

Silvius, qui post Aeneae mortem a Lavinia genitus erat.

Ejus posteri omnes, usque ad Romam conditam,4 Albae 5

regnaverunt.

151. Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios reli-

quit,6 Numitorem et

j^mulium.Horum minor 7

natu,8

Amulius,vfratri optionem dedit, utrum regnura liabere

vellet,9 an bona,

10

quae pater reliquisset.11

JSTumitor pa-

terna bona praetulit ;

l Amulius regiium obtinuit.

Birth of Romulus and Remus.

152. Amulius, ut regnuin firmissrme possideret,12

Numitows filium per insidias interemit,13

et n'Jiam fra-

tris, Rlieam Silviam, Yestalem virginem fecit.13 Kaui

his Yestae sacerdotibus non licet viro14

nuboro. Sed

haec a Marte geminos filios, liomiiluui et Remum, pepe-rit.

15 Hoc quum Amulius comperisset,10 matrem in

vincula conjecit, pueros autein in Tiberiin"

abji'ci

jussit.18

153. Forte Tiberis aqua ultra ripara so effuderatj8

et, quum pueri in vado essent positi,19

aqua remiens20

cos

in sicco rellquit. Ad, eoi'um vagltum lupa accurrit,21

eosque uberlbus^uis aluit. Quod" videns^Faustiilus

qui (lain, pastor illiu^regionis, pueros sustulit,1

et uxGri

Accae Laurentiae ni

S

1

253, E14

385, 2.

15 254; 254,

16518, II.

54: LATIN KEADEK.

Rome founded, 'ToB JJ.C.

154. Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter pastores

transegerunt.1

Quum adolevissent,2

et forte comperis-sent, quis ipsorum avus, quae mater fuisset,

8 Amuliuminterfecerunt, et Numitori avo regiium restituerunt.

Turn urbem condiderunt in monte Aventlno, quam Ro-mulus a suo nomine Romam vocavit. Haec quum moe-nibus

4

circumdaretur,2 Remus occisus est, dum fratrem

irrldens moenia transiliebat. -

Seizure oftJie /Saline Women.

155. Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret,5

asylum

pateteeit," ad quod multi ex civitatibus suis pulsi accur-

rerunt. Sed novae urbis civibus7

conjuges deerant.

Itaque festnm JSTeptuni et ludos instituit. Ad hos quummulti 8 ex finitimis populis cum mulieribus et liberis

venissent,2 Romfmi inter ipsos ludos spectantes virgmes

rapuerunt.

156/Populi illi, quorum virgmes raptae erant, Lel-

ad'versus raptures susceperunt. Quum Romae 10

ap-

propinquiirent/ forte in Tarpeiam virghiein incidermit,

quae in arce sacra procurabat.' Hanc rogabant, ut viam

in arcem monstraret," elque permiserunt, ut munus sibi

poscerct.12

Ilia petiit, ut sibi darent," quod13

in sinistris

manibus 14

gererent,15 annulos aureos et armillas signifi-

At hostes in arcem ab efi perducti scutis Tarpc-iamoljruerunt

;nam et ea in sinistris manibus gerebant.

^SS; 253, 1.

ROMAN HISTORY. 55

The Salines are received into the City. DcatJi of Romulus.

157. Turn Romulus cum hoste, qui moritem Tarpe-iiun tenebat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc

forum Romfmum est. In media 1

caede raptae2

processe-

runt, et hinc patres, Line conjuges et soceros complecte-

bantur, et rogabant, ut caedis iinem facerent.3

Utriqueliis precibus commoti sunt. Romulus foedus icit, -et Sa-

bmos in urbem recepit.

158. Postea civitatem descripsit.4 Centum senato-

res legit,6

eosque quum ob aetatem, turn ob rcvcrentiam

iis debitam, Patres appellavit.'

Plebem in triginta curias

distribuit, easque raptarum nominibus nuncupavit. An-

no regni tricesimo septimo, quum exercitum lustraret,

inter tempestatem ortam 7

repente ociilis8 liominum sub-

ductus est. Hinc alii9 eum a senatonbus interfectum,

alii ad deos sublotum 10esse existimaverunt.

Numa Fompilius.

159. Post Romiili mortem unius anni interregnumfuit. Quo elapso,

11 E"uma Pompilius Curibus,12

urbc in

agro Sabinoruin, uatus rex crefitus est. JEIic vir bellum

quidem nullum gessit ;nee minus tamen civitiiti

8

profuit.l\ram et leges dedit, et sacra plurima instituit, ut populi

barl)ari et bellicosi mores molllret.13 Omnia autem,

quac faciebat, se nymphae Egeriae, conjugis suae, mo-nitu facere dieebat. Morbo decessit,

14

quadragesnrsotertio imperii anno.

56 LATIN EEADEE.

Tullus Uostilius.

160. Numae 1

successit Tullus Uostilius, cujus avus

se in bello adversus Sabinos fortem et strenuum virum

pniestiterat.2 Rex 3

creatus bellum Albania indixit, id-

quo trigeminorum, Horatiorum et Curiatiorum, certa-

imne finlvit. Albam propter perfidiam Met;i Suffetii

diruit. Quum triginta duobus annis4

regnasset,5fulmino

ictusjjum dorno sui^ arsit.8

Ancus jjfarcius.

161. Post liunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filiii ne-

poSj.suscepit imperium. Hie vir aequitate et religiuneavo

7

-sirriilis, Latinos bello domuit,8 urbem ampliavit, et

nova ei9 moenia circumdedit. Carcerem primus

10aedi-

ficavit. Ad Tiberis ostia urbem condidit, Ostiamquevocavit. Yicesnno quarto anno imperil morbo obiit."

Lucius Tarquinius Prisons.

162. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Priseus ac-

cepit, DemarJIti films, qui tyrannos patriae Corinthi fu-

giens in Etruriam veneivit: Ipse Tarquinius, qui nonien

ab ilfbe Tarquiniis accepit, aliquando Romam 12

profec-

tus" erat.

163. Quum Eomae 14

cbmmoraretur,6 Anei regis

familiaritfitem consecutus est, qui eum iiliorum suOrum /tuturem J5

rellquit. Sed is pupillis'

regnurn intercepit.

S^natoribus, quos Itomiilus creaverat, centum alios ad-

KOMAN IIISTOKY. 57

didit, qui minorum gentium sunt appellati. Phira bella

feliciter gessit, nee paucos agrps, liostibus*

adernptos,

urbis tcrritorlo adjunxit. Primus 2

triumplians urbem

intnlvit. Cloacas fecit;3

Capitoliuin inclioilvit. Tri-

cesimo octavo imperil anno per Anci filios,4

quibus5

reg-

.num eripuerat, occlsus est.

Sermus Tullius.

164. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperium,

gonitus ex nobili femma, captlvil tainen et. famula.

Quum adolevisset,6rex ei filiarn in matrimonium dedit.

165. Quum Priscus Tarquinius occlsus esset, Tana-

quil de superiure7

parte domus populum allocuta est,

dicens: regem grave quidem^ sed non letale vulnus ac-

cepisse / enm petere, ut populus, dum convaluissei* Ser-

vio Tullio obedlret? Sic Servius regnare coepit, sed

bcne imperium administravit. Montes tres urbi

adjunxit.10 Primus omnium censum ordinavit. Sub eo

Roma babuit octoginta tria millia civium cum his, quiin agris erant.

166. Hie rex interfectus est scelcre filjae Ttilliae et-r-

' '*. f

'

Tarquinii v Superbi, filii cjus regis, cui'

Servius successe-

rat. Nam ab ipso Tarquinio interfectus est. Tullia in

foruii^ properavit, et pryria conjugem regem salutavit.

Quum domum "redlret, aurlgam super patris corpus, in

via jacens,12

carpentum agere jussit.

Banishment of Tarquinius Superbus, 510 B. 0.

167. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus13 me-

ruit. Bello 14 tamen strenuus plures finitimorum popu-

^SG.

58 LATIN READER.

Ln-um vicit.1

Templum Jovis in Capitolio aedificfivit-

Postea, dum Ardeam oppugnabat,2 urbem Latii, impe-

rium perdidit.

168. Lucius Brutus, Collatlnus, alilque nonnulli in

exitium regis conjurarunt,3

populoque persuaserunt,4ut

ci portas urbis clauderet.6

Exercitus quoqufe, qui civihT-

tem Ardeam cum rege oppugnabat, emu rellquit. Tugit

itaque cum uxore et liberis suis. Ita Romae septc

ges regnaverimt annos ducentos quadraginta quattuor.

. PERIOD II. ROMAN ST. AXD CONQUESTS.

FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE C :.ALTH TO THS I'lUST TUX

R. C.

f, 509 7?. C.

169. r. io cxpulso,

6

consulcs coepcre7

pro nno

rcgo duo creilri, ut, si unus mains esset,8alter eum cocr-

cGret.' Annuu-iii iis imperiuni tributum cst, ne. perdiuturnitiltem pbtestiitis insolentiores redderentnr. FaG-

runt igitur anno primo, expulsis regibns, consules Lucius

Junius Brutu 'tis vindex, et T;

nius Collatlnus. Sed Collatino11

paulo post dignitas

sublata est.1 "

PLicuerat enim, ne quis ex Tarquiniornmfainilia Roinao mancTet.

13

Ergo cum omni patrimonfoKUO ex urbe migriivit, et in ejus locum Valer.ius Publi-

cula consul ilictus cst.:i

,

2 4G8.3 234.4 252.5492, 2.

10

163, 1.

,2.

ROMAN HISTORY. 59

170. Commuvit 1 bellum urbi rex Tarquinius. In

primfi pugna Brutus consul, et Aruns, Tarquinii films,

sese invicem occiderunt. Roinani tamen* ex eii pugnavictores recesserunt.

3 Brutum Romanae matronae, quasicommunem patrem, per annum luxerunt.

1

Valerius

Publicola Spurium Lucretium, collegam3

sibi* fecit;

quuin morbo exstinctus esset,5

Publicola Horatium Ptil-

villum sibi collegam sumpsit.8

Ita primus annus quin-

que consules liabuit.

.

War with Porscna, 508 B. C.

171. Secundo quoque anno iternm Tarquinius bel-

lum Romanis intiilit,7

Porsenii, rcge Etiuscorum, anxi-

lium ei ferentc.8 In illo bello Horatius Codes solus

pontein ligueum defendit, et bostes cobibpit ?donee pons

9

a tergo ruptus esset.10 Turn se cum armis in Tiberim

u

conjecit, et ad suoa transnavit.

, 172, Dum Porsena urbem obsidcbat, Quintus Mu-cius Scaevola, juvenis fortis aiiimi, in castra bostium se

contiilit eo consilio,12

ut^regera occideret.13 At ibi scri-

bain regis pro ipso rege interfecit. Turn a regiis satcl-

litibus compreliensus et ad regein deductus, quuinPorsena eum ignibus ailatis

14

terreret,15

dextram arao

accensae imposuit, donee flammis consumpta esset.10

Hoc facmus rex miratus juvenem dinaisit16

incoliimem.

Turn bic, quasi beneficium. referens, ait,17

trecentos alias

juvenes m eum conjurasse. Hac re temtus Porsena

1

252, 3.

GO LATIN EEADEK.

pacem cumRomanis fecit, Tarquinius autem Tusculum 1

se contulit, iblque privatus consenuit.2

Secession to the Mons Sacer, 494 B. C.

173. Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos,3

popiilusRonnie seditionem fecit, questus quod tributis et militifi

a senatu exhaurirOtur.* Magna pars plebis urbem rell-

quit, et in montem trans AniC-nem 6 anmein 6secessit.

Turn patres turbati Menemum Agrippam mist-runt ad.

plcbem, qui cam senatui conciliaret.7

Iliq. iis inter alia

fabiilam narravit de ventre et membris humani corporis ;

qua populus commotus est, nt in urbem redlret.8 Turn

prim ;i 111 triouni plebis crefiti sunt, qni plebern advcrsum

nobilitatis superbiam defenderent.7

Banishment of Coriolanus, 491 B. C.

1 74. Undevicesimo anno post exactos regcs,

Marcius, Coriolanus dictns ab urbe Yolscorum Coriolis,

qtiam bello ceperat, plebi invlsiis9

fieri ebepit. Quareurbe

10

expulsus ad Yolscos, aceiTimos*Ronianorum hos-

tes, contendit, et ab iis dux 11exercitus factus Romanes

saepe vicit. Jam usque ad quintum milliarium urbis

accesserat, nee ullis civium suoriim legationibus fleet!

pott-rat., ut patriae13

parctret.8

Denkpe Yeturia mater

ct Yolumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum venGrunt;

13

quarumfletu et precibus commOtus est, ut cxercitum removeret. 8

Quo facto14

a Yolscis ut proditor occlsus9esse dicitur.

TM 61

The Falii cut off at the Crcmera, 477 B. 0.

175. Romani quum adversum Yeientes bellum ge-

rerent,1

familia Fabiorum sola3 hoc bellum suscepit.

Profecti8sunt trecenti sex nobilissimi homines, cluce

4

Fabio consule.5 Quum saepe hostes vieissent.

1

apudCremeram iluvium castra posuerumy ylbi, quumlYeien-tes dolo 6

usi eos in insidiaspellexissent, in proelioixorto7

omnes perierunt.< *TJnus superfuit ex tanta familia, qui

propter aetatem puerllem duci non potuerat ad pugnam.AIlic genus propagavit ad Quintum Fabium Maximum

ilium, qui Hannibalem prudentj ciinctatione debilitavit.y

^ n

R-

'alli Senones ad urbem veil Grunt, Romanos[unen Alliam vicOnmt, et urbem etiam occupfi-

Jam nihil praeter Capitolium defendi potuit. Et

esidium fame 8

laboriibat, et in co erant, nt pa-rallis auro 9

emerent,10

quum CrraSlluti c.iin manumilituin superveniens/fe^stcs magno ]v;>elio B

Tor-- fojj 361 jV. C.

\ Anno trecentesimo noragesimo tertio post ur-

bem "conditam Gaili iterum ad urbem accesseraut, et

quarto milliario"

trans Aniencm fluvium' consederant.

Contra eos missus est Titus Quinctius. Ibi Gallus qui-dani eximia, corporis magnitiKline

12fortissimum Ro'manQ-

rum ad certamen singulare provocilvit. Titus Manlius,

1

518, II.

62 LATIN

nobilissimus juvenis, provocatiunem accepit, Gallum

occidit, eumque torque1

aureo spoliavit, quo ornutus

erat. Hinc et ipse et poster! ejus Torqudti appellatisimt. Galli fugam eapessiverunt.

2

Beginning of Samnite Wars, 843 B. C.

178. Postea Roman! bellum gesserunt3 cum Samni-

t-jbus, ad quod Lucius Papirius Cursor cum honure dic-

tatoris profectus est. Qui4

quum negptii cujusdam causa

Ivomam redlret,5

praecepit Quinto Fabio Rulliano, "m'a-

gistro equiturn, quem apud exercitum rellquit, ne pug-nam cum lioste committeret.

6 Sed ille occasionem

nactus7

felicissime dimicavit, Saramtes delevit. Oblianc rem a dictatare capitis

8 damnatus est. At ille in

urbem confugit,9

et ingenti" favOro10 militum et populi

liberatus est;

in fapirium autern tanta exorta"

est

seditio, ut paene ipse interficeretur.12

^

The Roman Army is made to pass under the yoke, 321 B. C. The

Samnites are conquered, 290 B. C.

179, DuObus annis13

post Titus Yeturius et SpuriusPostumius consules bellum advers^n Samnites gerebant.Hi a Pontio Thelesino, duce liostium, in insidias induct!

sunt. Kam ad Furculas Caudlnas Romanes pellexituin

angustias, unde sese expedire non poterant., Ibi Pontius

patrera suum Ilerennium rogavit, quid faciendum } pu-tarct.

115

,Ille respondit, aut omnes occid* ndos esse, ut

1

419, 2, 1).

EOMM. niSTOEY. 63

IZomandrum $iresfrangerentu^^mut omnes dimittendos,

\ut "beneftclo oWi.garentuA'

Pontius utrurnque2consilium

improbfivit, omnesque sub jugum misit. Sammtes

denique post bellum uudequjnquaginta annorum supe-rati sunt. W^^^Vr^ QQ /

War with Pyrrlius, 281 B. C.

^180. Devictis Samnitibus,

3TarentTnis Bellum indic-

tuni est, quia'legafis Romanorum injuriam fecissent.4

Hi Pyrrhum, Eplri regem, contra Romanes auxilium

poposcerunt.5

Is mox in Italiam venu1, tumqtie primum

Roman! cum transmarine hoste pugnavenmt. Missus

est contra eum consul Publius Valerius Laevmus. -

y

Hie,

quum exploratores Pyrrlii cepisset,6

jussit ebs per castra

duci, tumque dimitti, ut renuntiilrent*

PyrrLo, quaecun-uue

'

a Romanis agerentur.^ % . %181. Pngna coramissa," Pyrrlms . auxilio elephanto-

iiimr vicit. N"ox proelio finem dedjt. Laevmus tarnen

per noctem fugit. Pyrrhus Romiinos mille octingentos

ccpit^ eosque summo 9lionore

10

tractavit^ Quum eos,

qui inproelio interfecti erant, omnes adversis vulneribuii

et truci vultu etiam mortuos jacere videret," tulisse- ad

coelnm manus dicitur cum liac voce: "Ego cum talibus

viris"lirem orbem

1 * terrarum siibigercm.""

182. Postea Pyrrlms Romam perrexit ;omnia ferro

ignoque vastavit; Campaniam depopulatiis est, atque ad

Praeneste13

venit, milliario14

ab urbe octavo decimo.yMox terrore exercitus,

16

qui cum consule scquebatur, in

Campaniam se recepit. Legiiti ad Pyrr]u\m de captivis

1 49U

Gi LATIN IIKADEE.

redimendis l

inissi2honorificc ab eo suscepti sunt

; captl-

vos sine pretio rcddidit. TJnuin ex legfitis, Fabricium,sic admiratiis est, nt ei quartain partem regni sui pro-

mittxT.et,3si ad se translret

;

*

scd aFatiricio conteniptus5

est.'

103. Quiim jam Pyrrlius ingcnti Romanorum admi-

ratifme teneretur, legatuin inisit Cineam, praestantissi-

niuin viruin, qui pacem peterct7

efi conditiune, lit

F^rrhus cam partern Italiae, quam armis occupaverat,retinOret." JRomfini respondGrunt, eum cum Ivomanis

pacem liabC-re non posse, nisi ex Italia redessisset.9 Cineas

qiium rediissct, Pyrrho euni interrogauti, qualis ipsi

Roma visa esset,"

respondit, se regumpatriam vidisse"

184. In altero proelio Pyrrlijis vulnerutus est, clc-

])lianti intcrfecti, viginti millia hostium caesa sunt.

Pynims Tarentum fugit. Interjecto anno, Fabricius

contra eum missus est. Ad Imnc medicus Pyrrlii nocte

Tenit promittens, se Pyrrhum veneno occisurum,12

si

imimis sibi daretur.4 Hunc Fabricius vinctum rcduci

jussit ad dommum. Tune rex admiriltus ilium dixisse

fertur :

" Hie est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab honestcitc,

quam sol a cursu suo averti potest." Paulo post Pyr-

rlius, tertio etiam proelio fusus,13a Tarento recessit.

1

566, II.;580.

EOMAST niSTOKT. 65

rnPERIOD ill. ROMAN TRIUSIPHS.

FROM THE FIRST PUNIC WAR TO THE CONQUEST OF GREECE, 146 B. C.

* <

First Punic War, 204 B. C'.

185. Anno quadringentesimo nonageslmo post urbcm

conditam Komanoruni exercitus primum in Siciliam tra-

jecerunt,1

regemque Syracusarum Hieronem, Poenosque,

qui multas civitates in eil insiila occupaverant, superave-

runt. Quinto anno liujus belli, quod contra Poenos

gerebatur, primum Romani, Caio Qjaillio, Cnaeo Cor-

nelio Asma consulibus,2 mari 3

dimicaverunt. Duillius

Cartliaginienses vicit,4

triginta naves occupavit, quattu-

ordecim mersit,5

septem millia liostium cepit, tria niillia

occldit. !Nulla victoria Eomanis gratior fuit.

-' ' First Punic War. continued. Invasion of Africa, 256 B. C.

186. Pan cis annis interjectis, bellum in Africam

est translatum. Hamilcar, Cartliaginiensium dux, pug-nil navali snperfitus est

; nam, perditis sexaginta qnattu<jr

na,v;l/xii3, EG recGpit ;

Komani' viginti duas amiserunU

Quum in Africam venissent,6 Poenos .in plunbus

7

prqp-liis vicerunt, magnarn vim 8 liommum ceperunt, scptua-

ginta qpattuor civitates in fidem acceperunt/- Turn victi

CartLaginienses pacem a Eomanis petiernnt.9 Quam

"

quum Marcus Atilius" Eegulus, KomanOrum dux, d^i'c

nollet]1

nisi durissiinis conditionibus, Cartliaginienses

auxiltum petitTunt a Lacedaemoniis. Hi Xantliippum

1

461, 1; 200, 2, 1).

6243, I. 1, foot-note. 252, 4

;234.

2 431.f

'513, II.10 453.

'.422,1.7

165, 1.J1 518.

4253, 2.

885, 2.

GO LATIN EEADER.

miserunt, qui Romanum exercitum magno proelio vicit.

Regulus ipse captus et in vincula conjectus est.

187. Non tamen ublque fortuna Carthaginiensibusfavit.

1 Quum aliquot proeliis victi essent,2

Regulum ro-

gaverunt, ut Romam proficiScerettir,3

et pacem captivo-runique permutatioiiem a Komanis impetraret. Ille

quum Romam venisset, inductus in senatum dixit, se

desiisse4 JZomdnum esse ex ilia die, qua* in potesiutem

Poenorum venisset.^ Turn Romanis suasit,7 ue pacem

cum Cartliaginiensibus facerent :

8illos ehim tot casilus

fractos spem nullam nisi in pace lidbere :9tanti

10 non

esse, ut tot mttlia captivorumpropter se unum etpaucos^

qui ex Romanis capti essent* redderentur.11 Haec sen-

tentia obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Africam crudelissi-

mis suppliciis exstinctus est.12

End of the First Punic War, 241 B. C.

188. Tandem, Caio Lutatio Catulo, Aulo Postumio

consulibus, anno belli Puinci vicesimo tertio magnumproeliuin navale commissum est contra Lilybaeum, pro-

inontorium Siciliae. In eo proelio septuaginta trcs

Carthaginiensium naves captae, centum viginti quinquo

dcmersae,13

triginta duo millia liostium capta, tredecim

inillia occlsa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses pacem pcti-

erunt, eisque pax tributaH

est. Captivi Romanorum,

qui tenebantnr a Cartliaginiensibus, reddlti sunt. Poeni

Sicilia," Sardinia, et ceteris insiilis, quae inter Italiain

nmqiic jacent, decesserunt, omnemque Ilispraiiam,

quac citra Iberum est, Romanis pcrmiserunt.

1270.

6 531."4C5, 2.

a

518, II.7 2C9.

IS276, 1.

3

492, 2; 374, 4.

fc

492, 2.ir

273, III. mcrgo.* 234.

9530, 1. 273, II.

6 42G.10402, 1.

J0434, 1.

KOI'-IAN HISTORY. 67

Siege of Saguntum The Second Punic War, 218 B. G.

189., Paulo 1

post Punicum bellum renovatum est

per Hannibalem, Carthaginiensium ducem, quern pater3

Ilamilcar novem annos3 uatum aris

4

admoverat, ut

odium perenne in Eomanos juraret.5 Hie annum agens

vicesimum aetatis Saguntum, Hispaniae civitatem, Ho-

rn finis6

amicam, oppugnare aggressus est.7 Huic Eomiini

per legates denuntiaverunt, ut bello6

abstineret.9

Qui

quum legatos admittere nollet,10 Eomiini Carthagmern

iniserunt, ut mandaretur 5

Hannibali, ne bellum contra

eocios popiili Eomani gereret.11 Dura responsa a Car-

tliaginiensibns reddita. Saguntmis interea fame victis,

Eomiini Cartlia^iDiensibus bellum indixerunt.

Hannibal crosses the Alps, 218 B. G. Battles of the Ticlnus, Tre-

bia, and Lake Trasimenus. Battle of Gannae, 216 B. G.

190. Hannibal, fratre Ilasdrubale in Hispanifi re-

licto,12

Pyrenaeum et Alpes transiit. Traditur in Italiam

octoginta millia peditum, et viginti millia equitum, sep-tem et triginta elepliantos abduxisse. Interea multi Li-

giires et Galli Hannibali se conjunxerunt. Primus 13ci

occurrit Publius Cornelius Seipio, qui, proelio ad Ticl-

num cornmisso, superatus est, et, vulnere accepto,12

in

castra rediit. Turn Sempronius Gracchus connixit ad

Trebiam amnem. Is qiioque vincitur.14

Multi popiili

se Hannibali dediderunt. Inde in Etruriam progrc ,

Flaminium consulem ad Trasimenum lacum suporat.14

1418.

68 LATIN READER.

Ipse Flaminius interemptus, RomanOrum viginti quin-

que millia caesa sunt.

191. Quingentesimo duodequadragesimo anno posturbem conditam Lucius Aemilius Paulus et Caius Te-

rentius Yarro contra Hannibalem inittuntur. Quam-quam intellectum erat, Hannibalem non aliter vine!

posse quam mora, Varro tamen, morae 1

impatiens, apudvicum, qui Cannae appelliltur, in Apulia pugnavit ;

umbo consoles victi, Paulus interemptus est. In el

pugna consuliires aut praetorii viginti, senatorcs triginta

capti aut occisi;

2inilitum quadraginta millia, equitum.

tria millia et quingenti perierunt. In his tantis malis

nemo tamen pacis mentionem facere dignfitus est.-

Servi, quod3

nunquam ante factum,2 manumissi et mili-

tes facti sunt.

192. Post earn pugnam multae Italiae civitates,

quas Eomanis* paruerant, se ad Hannibalem transtule-

ruiit,5

Hannibal Eomanis obtiilit, ut captlvos redimtj-

rcnt; responsumque est a senatu, cos cives non csse

necessaries, qui armciti capi potuissent? Hos oimies

illo postea variis suppliciis intertecit, et tres moclios au-

reorum annulorum Cartliaginem misit, quos maiiibus8

equitum Eomanorum et senatorum detraxerat.9

Interea

in Hispania frater Hannibalis, Hasdriibal, qui ibi reman-

SLTat10 cum magno exercitn, a duobus Scipionibus vin-

Citur,11

perditque in pugnfi triginta quinque millia

lioniinum.

193. in Sicilifi res prospere gesta est.13

Marcellus

magnam hujus insulae partem cepit, quam Poeni occu-

3

399, 2.5

292, 2.9248, I. 1.

<J

460, 3. 492. J(1269.

3445, 7.

'500, 2. 467, III.

4 385.*386, 2.

w248, I. 5

;II. 5.

fcOMAK niSTOKY. C9

paverant; Syracusas, nobilissimam urbem, expngnavit,et ingentem inde praedam Eomam

l

misit. LaeYinus in

Macedonia cum Philippo et multis Graeciae populis

amicitiam fecit; et in Sicilian! profectus8

Hannonem,Poenorum ducem, apud Agrigentum cepit ; quadragintacivitiites in deditionem accepit, viginti sex expugnavit.Ita omni Sicilia recepta,

3cuui ingenti gloria Romam re-

gressus est.

194. Interea in Hispaniam, ubi duo Scipiones ab

Hasdrubale interfecti erant, missus est Publius Cornelius

Scipio, vir Romanorum omnium fere primus.4

Hie, puer

duodeviginti annorum, in pugna ad Ticmum, patrem

singulari virtute servavit. Deinde post cladem Cannen-

sem multos nobilissimorum v

ji:v"T'iini Italiam deserere

cupientium,6

auctoritate suil ab hoc consiiio dote:;nit.

Yiginti quattuor annos natus in Hispaniam missus, die,8

qua, venit, Cartliagmem Novam cepit, in qua omneaurum et argentum et belli apparatum Poeni habebant,nobilissimos quoque obsides,

7

quos ab Hispanis accepe-rant. IIos obsides parentibus reddidit. Quare omnes fere

Ilispaniae civitates ad eum uno ammo 8transierunt.

195. Anno quarto decimo postquam in Italiam Han-

nibal venerat, Scipio consul crefitus, et in Africam mis-

sus est. Ibi contra Hannonem, ducein Carthaginiensium,

prospere pugnat, totumque ejus exercitum delet.9

Se-

cundo proelio undecim millia hommum occldit, et castra

cepit cum quattuor millibus et quingentis militibus.

Qua10re audita,

3 omnis fere Italia Ha,nnibalem deserit.

Ipse a Cartliaginiensibus in Africam redlre jubetur. Ita

Italia liberata est.

1 379.&577.

8414, 3.

4 282.c 426. 260, I.

8431, 2, (3).

7

70, 2.J0 453.

4 166.

70 LATIN KEADEB.

Battle ofZama, 202 B. 0.

196. Post plures pugnas et pacem plus semel frustra

tentutam, pugna ad Zainam committitur, in qua peritis-

simi duees copias suas ad bellum educebant. Scipiovictor recedit; Hannibal cum paucis equitibus evadit.

Post hoc proelium pax cum Carthaginiensibus facta est.

Scipio, quum Rornam rediisset,1

ingenti gloria triumplifi-

vit, atque Africaims appellatus est. Sic finem accepitsecundum Punicum bellum post annum undevicesiinum

quani9

coeperat.

War with Philip.f1

ynosceplialae, 197 B. C.

197. Finito PunicoJ^lo, secutum est Macedonicumcor^-vn. PMiippum regem. Superiitus est rex a Tito

Quinctio Elaminio apud Cynosceplialas, paxque ei data

est.

War with Perseus. Pydna, 168 B. C.

198. Philippo, rege Macedoniae, mortuo, iilius ejus

Perseus rebelliivit, ingentibus copiis paratis. Dux Ilo-

manorum, Publius Licinius consul, contra cum mis-

sus, gravi proelio a rege victus est. Rex tamen paceni

petebat. Cui3Eomiini earn praestare nolucrunt, nisi

liis conditionibus, ut se et suos Roimlnis dederet.* MoxAemilius Paulus consul regem ad Pydnam superfivit, et

viginti millia peditum ejus occldit. Equitfitus cum rege

fugit. Urbcs Macedoniae omnes, quas rex tenuerat,

rmis se dediderunt. Ipse Perseus ab amlcis desertus

in Pauli potestatem venit. Hie, multis etiam aliis rebus

gcstis,5 cum ingenti pompaRomam rcdiit in navePersei,

innsitatae magnitudmis ;" nam sedecim remorum ordines

x618, II.

3453, 6

431, 2, (3).2427, 3.

4

495, 3.6390, IV.

KOMAJS HISTORY. <1

habuisse dicitur. Triumphavit magnificentissime1

in

ciirru aureo, duobus filiis utroque latere2

adstantibus.

Ante currum inter captlvos duo regis filii et ipse Perseus

ducti sunt.

Third Punic War, 149 B. C.

199. Tertium deinde bellum contra Carthaginem

susceptum est. Lucius Marcius Censormus et Manias

Manlius consiiles in Africam trajecerunt, et oppugnave-runt Carthaginem. Multa ibi praecliire gesta sunt per

Scipionem,3

Scipionis Africani nepotein, qui tribunus4

in Africa militabat.

200. Quum jam magnum csset* Scipionis nomen,tertio anno postquam Roniani in Africam trajecerant,

consul est crefitus, et contra Carthaginem missus. Is

lianc urbein acivibus acerrime 6 defensam7

cepitac diruit.

Ingens ibi praeda facta, plurimaque inventa sunt, quaemultfirum civitatuni excidiis Carthago collegerat. Haccomnia Scipio civitatibus Italiae, Siciliae, Africae reddi-

dit, quae sua recognoscebant. Ita Cartliago septingente-simo anno, postquam condita erat, deleta est. Scipionomen Africani junioris

8

accepit.

1 305;164.

-LATIN EEABEK.

PERIOD IV. CIVIL DISSENSIONS.

FROM THE CONQUEST OF GREECE TO THE DISSOLUTION OP THE ROMAN COMMON-

WEALTH, 31 B. C.

Numantia taken, 133 R C.

201. Delude bellum exortum est cum Numantinis,civitate Hispaniae. Yictus '

ab his Quintus Pompeius,et post eum Caius Hostilius Manemus consul, qui pacemcum iis fecit infamem, quam popiilus et senatus jussit

2

infringi, atque ipsum Mancinum hostibus tracli. TurnPublius Scipio Africanus in Hispaniam missus est. Is

primum militem ignfivum. et corruptum correxit;

3turn

multas Hispaniae civitates partira bello cepit, partim in

deditionem accepit. Postremo ipsam Numantiam fame

ad deditionem coegit, urbemque evertit; reliquam

4

pro-vinciam in fidem accepit.

Mithridatic War. First Civil War.lTarius, Sulla, 88 B. C.

202, Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo sexagesimosexto primum Komae bellum civile exortum est

;eodem

anno etiam Mitliridaticum. Causam bello civlli Gains

Marius dedit. Nam quum Sullae bellum adversus Mith-

ridatem, regem Ponti, decretum esset,5 Marius ei

6 hunc

honorem eripere conatus est. Sed Sulla, qui adliuc cum

legionibus suis in Italia morabatnr,' cum exercitu Romain

venit, et adversaries quum8

interfecit, turn fugilvit. Turn

rebus Romae utcunque compositis, in Asiam prefectus

est, pluribusque proeliis Mithridatem coegif] ut pacem a

1

460, 3.4441, 6.

7 468.2463, 3. 518, II.

8587, I. 5.

9260, 1, 1).

fi

386, 2.

ROMAN HISTORY. 73

Romanis peteret,1

et Asia, quam invaserat, relicta", regni

sui finibusacontentus esset.

Civil War, continued.

203. Sed dum Sulla in Graecia et Asia Mithridatem

vincit,3

Marius, qui fugatus fuerat, et Cornelius China,tmus ex consulibus,

4 bellum in Italia repararunt,6et in-

gressi Romam nobilissimos ex senatu et consulares viros

interfecerunt;multos proscripserunt ; ipsms Sullae domo

eversa, filios et nxoreni ad fugam compulerunt.6

Uni-

versus reliquus senatus ex urbe fugiens ad Sullain in

Graeciam venit, orajis, nt patriaeTubvenlret.1

Sulla in

Italian! trajecit, hostium exercitus vicit,7 mox etiain

urbem ingressus est, quam caede8

et sanguine civium

replevit. Quattuor millia inermium,9

qui se dediderant,interf'ici jussit ;

duo millia equitum et senaturum pro-

scripsit.10 Turn de Mithridate triumphfivit. Duo Laec

bella funestissima, Italicum, quod et sociale dictum est,

et civile, ultra centum et quinquaginta millia hommurn,viros consulares viginti quattuor, praetorios septem, aedi-

litios sexaginta, senatores fere ducentos consumpserunt.11

War of the Gladiators. Spartacus, 73R 0.

204. Anno urbis sexcentesimo octogesimo primonovum in Italia bellum commotum "

est. Septuagintaenim quattuor gladiatores, ducibus

13

Spartaco, Crixo, et

Oenomao, e ludo gladiatorio, qui Capuaeu

erat, effuge-

runt, et per Italiam vagantes paene non levius bellum,

1

492, 2.

74: LATIN HEADER.

quam Hannibal, moverant.1 J^am contraxerunt

9exer-

citum fere sexaginta millium armaturum, multosqueduces et duos liomanos consules viccrunt. Ipsi victi

sunt in Apulia a Marco Licinio Crasso proconsule, et,

post multas calamities Italiae, tertio anno 3

Imic bello

finis est impositus.

Pompey puts down the Pirates, G7 B. C. Is appointed successor to

Lucullus. Death of Mitliridatcs, 63 B. G.

205. Per ilia tempora piratae omnia maria infesta-

bant ita, nt Homanis,4toto orbe

6terrarum victoribus,

sola navigatio tuta non esset.6

Quare id bellum Cnaeo

Pompeio decretuna est, quod intra paucos menses incre-

dibili felicitate ct celeritate con fecit. Mox ei delfitum7

bellum contra regem Mithridfitcm et Tigranem. Quo8

fiuscepto, Mithridatem in Armenia MinOre nocturno

pro^lio vicit, castra diripuit, et quadraginta millibus cjus

occl'sis, viginti tantum de exercitu suo perdidit et duos

centuriOnes. Mitliridates fugit9 cum nxore et duobus

comitibus," neque11 multo post, Pharnacis filii sui sedi-

tiOne coactus,151 venenum liausit.

13 Ilunc vitae finem

habuit MitLriclates, vir ingentis industriae atque consilii.

Eegnavit anriis14

sexaginta, vixit septuaginta duobus:

contra Romanos bellum habuit annis quadraginta.

Victories of Pompey over Tigranes : lie takes Jerusalem, C3 B. C.

206. Tignlni delude Pompeins bellum intulit. Ille

se ei dedidit, et in castra Pompeii venit, ac diadema

1270.

/A VMlj\*vIIISTOKY. 75

BUurn in cjns manibus collocfivit, quod ci Pompeius re-

posuit. Partd 1

regni euin multavit et grand! pecunia.Turn allos etiam reges et populos superavit. ArmeniamMinorem Deiotaro,

2Galatiae regi, donavit, quia auxilium

contra Mitbridatem tulerat* Seleuciam, vicmam Antio-

clilae3

civitatern, libertate2

donavit, quod regem Tigrfi-

nem non recepisset.4 lade in Judaeajn transgressus,

llierosolymam, capvit gentis, tertio mense cepit, dnode-

cim millibus Judaeorum occisis3

- ceteris in fklem receptis.

His 6

gestis iinem antiquissimo bello iinposuit. Ante

triumphantis currum ducti sunt filii Mitliridatis, tilius

Tigranis, et Aristobulus, rex Jtidaeoram. Praelata in-

gens pecunia, auri atque argent! infimtuin pondus. Hoc

teinpore nullum per orbcm terraruni grave bellum erat.

Catiline's Conspiracy, 63 R C. .

207. Marco Tuilio Cicerone6oratore et Caio Anto-

nio consulibus, anno abnrbe condita7sexcentesimo nona-

gesimo priino Lucius Sergius Catillna, nobilissimi generis

vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delendam 8

patriam conju-ravit cum quibusdam claris quidem, sed audacibns viris.

A Cicerone urbe 9

expulsus est, socii ejus depreliensi et

in carcere strangulati sunt. Ab Antonio, altero consule,

Catillna ipse proelio victus est et interfectus.

Caesar Consul, 59 R 'C. : .in Gaul, 58 R 0.

208. Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo nonagesimo

quinto Cains Julius Caesar cum Lucio Bibulo consul est

factus. Quum ei Gallia decreta esset,19

semper vinceudo11

1

425, 2, 2).

T6 LATIN KEADEE.

usque ad Oceanian Britannicum processit.1 Domuit 2

autein annis novem fere omnem Galliam, quae inter

Alpes, flumen Ehodanum, Rhenum et Oceanum est.

Britannis mox bellum intulit,3

quibus4

ante eum nenomeu quidem Romanorum cognitum

5erat

;Germa-

nos quoque trans Rhenum aggressus, ingentibus proeliis

vicit.

Civil War of Pompey and Caesar, 49 B. C.

209. Bellum civile successit,1

quo Romani nommisfortuna mutata est. Caesar enim victor e Gallia rediens,

absens coepit poscere alterum consulatum; quern

6

quunimulti sine dubitatione deferrent,

7contradictnm est a

Pompeio et aliis, jussusque est, dimissis exercitibus, in

urbem redire. Propter hanc injnriam ab Arimmo, ubi

milites congregates8

babebat, infesto exercitu8 Koraam

contendit. Consules cum Pompeio, senatnsqne omnia

atque universa nobilitas ex urbe fugit,10

et in Graeciam

transiit; et, dum senatus bellum contra Caesarem para-

bat, hie vacuam urbem ingressus dictatorem se fecit.

Defeat of Pompey^ party in Spain. Battle of Pliarscdia, 48^. C.

Death of Pompey.

210. Inde Hispanias petiit," ibique Pompeii legiones

/uperiwit ;turn in Graecia adversum Pompeium ipsnm

dimicavit. Primo proelio victus est et fugatus ;cvasit

"

tamen, quia, nocte intei'venientc, Pompeius sequi no-

luit;

13

dixitque Caesar, nee Pompeium scire vincere, et

illo tantum die se potuisse superari. Deinde in Tlies-

salifi apud Pharsalum ingentibus utrimque copiis14

coin-

1

248, 1. 2,4.

6 453." 234.

2 262. 7518.

"273, III.

3292, 2.

8388, 1.

13293.

4 391. 414, 7." 414.

6575.

10

463, I.

ROMAN HISTORY. 77

missis dimicaverunt. Nunquam adhuc Eomanae copiae

rnajures neque melioribus ducibus1convenerant. Pug-

naturn est2

ingenti contentione,3

victusque ad postremum

Pompeius, et castra ejus direpta sunt^ Ipse fugatus

Alexandrlam petiit, ut a rege Aegypti, cui tutor4a se-

natu datus fuerat, acciperet5auxilia. At hie fortunam

magis quam amicitiam secutus, occidit Pompeium, caput

ejus et annulum Caesari misit. Quo7

conspecto, Caesar

lacriinas fudisse8

dicitur, tanti viri intuens caput, efc ge-

uen quondam9sui.

Caesar assassinated in the Senate-House, 44 B. C.

211. Quum ad Alexandrlam venisset Caes'ar, Ptole-

maeus ei insidias parare voluit, qua de causa regi bellum

illatum10

est. Eex victus in Nilo periit, inventumqueest corpus ejus cum lorlca aurefi, Caesar, Alexandria

u

potltus, regnum Cleopiitrae dedit.12 Turn inde profec-

tusG

Pompeianarum partium reliquias est persecutus,

bellisque13

civilibus toto terrarum orbeucompositis, Eo-

anam rediit. Ubi quum insolentius15

agere coepisset,16

conjuratum est in eum a sexaginta vel amplius senatori-

bus, equitibusque Eomanis. Prajecipui fuerunt inter

conjuratos" Bruti duo ex genere illlus Bruti, qui, regi-

bus expulsis, primus Eomae consul fuerat. Ergo Caesar,

quum in curiam venisset, viginti tribus vulneribus con-

fossus est.

io LATEtf EEADEE.

The Second Triumvirate, Octavius, Antony, andLcpidus, 43 B. 0.

Death of Cicero.

212. Interfecto Caesare, anno urbis septingentesimodecimo bella civilia reparata sunt. Senatus favebat

Caesaris percussoribus,1

Antonius consul a Caesaris par-tibns stabat. Ergo turbatia re publica, Antonius, multis

sceleribus commissis, a senatu hostis2

judicatus est.

Fnsns fngatnsqne Antonins, aniisso exercitu, confugit ad

Lepidum, qui Caesaria

magister equitum fuerat, et turn

grandes copias millturn habebat;a quo susceptus est.

Mox Octavifmus cum Antonio pa'cem fecit, et quasi A'in-

dicatunis patris sui mortem, a quo per testamentum

fuerat adoptiitus, Romam cum exercitu profectus extor-

sit,4ut sibi, juveni viginti annorum, consulatus daretur.

6

Turn junctus cum Antonio et Lepido rein publicam ar-

mis tenere coepit, senatumque proscripsit. Per hos etiam

Cicero orator occlsus est, multlque alii nobiles.8

Battle of FTdlippi, 42 B. C.

213. Interea Brutus et Cassins, interfectores Cae-

saris, ingens belluni inoverunt.7

Profecti8contra eos

Caesar Octavianus, qui postea Augustus est appellfitus,

et Marcus Antonius, apud Philippos, Macedoniae urbem,contra eos pugnaverunt.

9 Primo proelio victi sunt An-

tonius et Caesar f periit10 tamen dux nobilitatis Cassius

;

secundo Brutum et infinitam nobilitfitem, quae cum illis

bclltim susccperat, victamn

interfecerunt. Turn vic-

tOrcs rein publicam ita inter se divisC-runt,12

ut Octavia-

1 385.6492, 1. 403, II.

2 3G2.6460, 2.

10

295, 3.

3390, 2.

7270.

"579.

4209, torquco.

e439.

12

273, III.

| \

ROMA!? HISTORY. 79

nus Caesar Hispanias, Gallias, Italiam teneret :

l Anto-

nius Orientein, Lepidus Africam acciperet.

Battle ofActium, 31 B. C.

214. Paulo 2

post Antonius, repudiata sorore Cae-v

saris Octaviani, Cleopatram, reglnam Aegypti, uxorein

duxit. Ab hac incitatus ingens bellunreommovit, dum

Cleopatra cupiditate muliebri optat Eomae regniire.

Yictus est ab Augusto navali pugna clara et illustri

apnd Actium, qui3locus in Eplro est. Ilinc fugit in

Aegjptum, et, desperatis rebus, qtram omncs ad Augus-ta in translrent,

4se ipse interemit.

6

Cleopatra quoque

aspidem sibi admlsit, et veneno ejus exstincta6

est. Ita

bellis toto orbe7

confectis, Octavianus Augustus Romamrediit anno duodecimo postquam consul fuerat. Ex eo

inde tempore rem publicam ,per quadraginta et quattuorannos solus obtinuit. Ante enim duodecim annis

8 cumAntonio et Lepido tenuerat. Ita ab initio principatus

ejus usque ad finem quinquaginta sex anni fuere.

1 494. 4 518.7422, 1, 1).

2418. 6

279, emo. e378, 1.

3

445, 8. 276, sticguo.

GRECIAN HISTORY.NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Grecian History, special

attention should be given to Irregular, Defective, and Impersonal Verbs.

287-301.

PERIOD I. GRECIAN TRIUMPHS.

FROM THE PERSIAN INVASION, 490 B. C., TO THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR, 431 B. C.

Darius invades ScytMa, : prepares to invade Greece.

215. Multis in Asia feliciter gestis, Darius Scythis

bellum intulit,1

et armatis septingentis millibusahomi-

num. Scythiam3

ingressus, quum Lostes ei pugnae potes-

tatem non facerent,4

metuens, ne, interrupto ponte Istri,

reditus sibi intercluderetur,5

amissis octoginta millibus

hominum, trepidus refugit. Inde Macedoniam domuit :

et quum ex Europa in Asiam rediisset," hortantibus

amicis ut Graeciam redigeret7in snam potestatem, clas-

Bern quingentfirum navium comparavit, eique Datim"

praefecit et Artaphernen ;

9

liisque ducenta peditum

millia, et decem equitum dedit.

battle of Marathon, 490 B. C.

216. Pracfecti regii, classe ad Euboeam appulsa,celeriter Eretriam ceperunt. Inde ad Atticam accesse-

runt, ac suas copias in Campum Marathona deduxGrunt.

1

292, 2.4

518, II.'492, 2.

8414, 7.

' 5492, 4.

885, 4.

1371, 4.

e295, 3.

993, 3.

GRECIAN niSTOEY. 81

Is abest ab oppido circiter millia passuuin decem. Hocin ternpore nulla civitas Atheniensibus

l

auxilio fuit,

praeter Plataeenses;ea mille

2misit militum. Itiique

norum adventu decem millia armatorum completa sunt :

quae8 manus mirabili flagrabat pugnandi cupiditate.

Athenienses copias ex urbe eduxerunt, locoque* idoneo

castra fecerunt;deinde postero die, sub .mentis radicibns

proelium commiserunt. Datis etsi non aequum locum

videbat suis, tamen, fretus numero 6

copiarum suarum,

confligere cupiebat. Itaque in aciem peditum centum,

equitum decem millia produxit, proeliumque commisit.

In quo tanto6

plus virtute valuerunt Athenienses, ut de-

cemplicein numemm Lostium profligarint ;

7

adeoque

perterrnerunt, ut Persae non castra, sed naves petierint.

Qua pugna niliil est nobilius;nulla enim unquam tarn

exigua manus tantas opes prostravit.

invades Greece, 480 B. 0.

217. Quum Darius, bellum instauraturus, in ipso

apparatu decessisset,8films ejus Xerxes Europam cum

tantis copiis invasit, quantas neque antea neque postea

habuit quisquam : hujus enim classis mille et dueenta-

rum navium 10

long'arum fuit, quam duo millia onerariii-

rum sequebantur : terrestres autem exercitus septingen-torum millium peditum, -equitum quadringentorummillium fuerunt. Cujus

"de adventu quum farna in

Graeciam esset perlata, et maxime Athenienses peti

dicerentur,12

propter pugnam Marathoniam, miserunt

Delphos consultum,13

quidnam facerent14 de rebus suis.

1390.

6 418. "453.

s178.

7234; 482, 2.

I2549, 4.

3445, 8.

e518. J3 569.

4422, 1, 2). 371, 4.

14- 525.6

419, IT. 104Q1.

82 LATIN READEI5

'Deliberantibus Pythia respondit, nt moembus ligneia

se miinlrent.1 Id responsuin quo valeret, quum intelli-

geret nemo, Themistocles persuasit, consilium esse Apol-

ilnis, ut in naves se suaque conferrent :

2 eum enim a deo

SLgnin'cfiri murum lignemn. Tali consilio probfito, ad-

dunt ad snperiores totideni naves triremes : suaque om-

nia, quae moveri poterant, partim Salanrina,3

partiin

Troezcina, deportant ;arcein sacerdotibus paucisque ina-

jorilms natu,4ac sacra procuranda

5tradunt

; reliquum

oppidum relinquunt.

Actions at Thermopylae and Artemisium, 480 B. C.

218. Ilnjus consilium plerisque civitatibus displice-

bat, et in terra dimicari6

magis placebat. Itaqtie inissi

sunt clelecti7 cum Leomda, Lacedaemoniorum rege, qui

Tliermopylas occupfirent,8

longiusque barbaros progredinon paterentur. Hi vim 9

liostium non sustinuerunt,

eoque loco oinnes interierunt.10 At classis communis

Graeciae trecentarum navium,11

in qua ducentae erant

Atneniensium, primum apud Artemisium, inter Euboe-

am continentemque terrain, cum classiariis regiis con-

fiixit :

12

angnstias enim Themistocles quaerebat, ne mul-

titudinc circumiretur.13

Ilinc etsi pari proelio14

discesse-

rant, tamen eodem loco non sunt ausiJ5

manere, quoderat periciiluni, ne, si pars navium adversariorum Eu-

boeam superasset,16

ancipiti premerentur"periciilo. Quo

factum est, ut ab Artemisio discederent,18

et exadversum

Athenas, apud Salamina, classem suam constituerent.

.

J

492, 2.

GRECIAN HISTORY. 83

Battle of Salami*, 480 R C.

219. At Xerxes, Thermopylis expugnatis, protmusaccessit astu,

1

idque, nullis defendentibus, interfectis

sacerdotibus, quos in arce invenerat, incendio delevit.

Cnjus fama perterriti classiarii qunm manere non aude-

rent, et plurimi* hortarentur, ut domos suas quisque

discederent,3

moenibusque se defenderent;Themistocles

unus restitit, et, universes pares hostibus esse posse4aie-

bat,6

disperses testabatur perituros, idque Eurybiadi, regi

Lacedaemoniorum, qui turn summae 6

imperii praeerat,

fore' affirmabat. Quern quum minus, quam vellet,81110-

veret,9 noctu de servis suis, quern habuit fidelissimum,

10

ad regem inisit, ut ei nuntiaret suis verbis : adversaries

ejus in fuga esse, qui"

si discessissent majore cum

Icibore, el longinquivre tempore helium confecturum

quum singulos consectdri cdgeretur ; quos si statim ag-

grederetur, Irevi universes oppressurum. Hoc eo vale-

bat, ut ingratiis ad depugnandum oranes cogerentur.14

Hac re audlta, barbarus, nihil doli subesse credens, pos-

tridie alienissimo sibi15

loco, contra opportunessimo hos-

tibus, adeo angusto mari16

connixit, ut ejus multitude

navium explicari non potuerit.17 Yictus ergo est magis

consilio Themistoclis, quamarmis Graeciae.

Xerxes flies laclc into Asia.

220. Hie etsi male rem gesserat, tamen tantas habe-

bat reliquias copiarum, ut etiamtum Ms 18

opprimero

1

128, 1,3); 371,4.

84 LATDT READER.

posset hostess Iterum ab eodem gradu depulsus est.

Nam Themistocles, verens ne bellare perseveraret,1

cer-

tiorem eum fecit, id agi,aut pons,

3

quern ille in Ilelles-

ponto fecerat, dissolveretur,4

ac reditu in Asiam exclu

deretur. Itaque in Asiam reversus est, seque a Themis-

tocle non superatum,6sed conservatum judicavit. Sic

11111113 viri prudentia Graecia liberata est.

Battles ofPlataca and Mycole, 479 B. C.

221. Postero anno qnam Xerxes in Asiam refugerat,

Graeci, duce Pausania, Mardonium, regis generum, apudPlataeas fuderunt : quo proelio ipse dux cecidit,

7 Bar_

barorumque exercitus interfectus est. Eodem forte die

in Asia, ad monteni Mycalen, Persae a Graecis navfili

proelio superati sunt. Jamqre omnibus pacatis, Athe-

nienses belli damna reparare. coeperunt.8

PERIOD II. CIVIL WARS IN GREECE.

FROM THE PELOPOXNESIAN V,*AR TO THE ACCESSION OF PIULIP OF MACEDON,360 B. C.

The Pdoponnesian War, 431 B. C. Pericles.

222. Hoc bellum, quo9 nullum aliud florentes Grae-

ciae res gravius afflixit, saepe susceptum et depositumest. Initio Spartani fines Atticae populabantur, hostes-

que ad proelium provocabant. Sed Atlienienses, Periclis^

consilio,10ultionis tempus exspectantes intra rnoenia se

1

492, 4.5545, 3.

B297.

-

551, 3.6279.

9417.

376; 110,1.

7 280.10

414, 2.

4495, 3.

GRECIAN HISTORY. 85

continebant. Deinde, paucis diebus interjectis, naves

conscendunt, et, nihil sentientibus Lacedaemoniis, totam

Laconiam depraedantur. Clara quidem haec Periclis

expeditio est habita;sed multo clarior privati patrimonii

contemptus fuit. Nam in populatione ceterurum agro-

rum, Periclis agros hostes intactos reliquerant, ut aut in-

vidiam ei apud cives concitarent,1

aut in proditionis

suspicionem adducerent. Quod intelligens, Pericles

agros rei publicae dono dedit. Post haec aliquot diebus

interjectis, navali proelio diniicatum est.2

Yicti Lace-

daemonii fugerunt. Post plures3

annos, fessi mails, pa-

cem in annos quinquaginta fecere, quam non nisi sex

annos4

servaverunt.

Expedition of the Athenians against Sicily, 415 B. C.

223, Bello inter Catinienses et Sjracusimos exorto,6

Atlienienses Catiniensibus opem ferunt.6

Classis ingensdecernitur

;creantur duces Nicias, Alcibiacles et Laina-

chus; tantaeque vires in Sicilian! effasae sunt, ut iis

ipsis terror!7

essent, quibus auxilio venerant. Nicias et

Lamaclms duo proelia pedestria secundo Marte 8

pug-nant

; munitionibusque urbi Syracusarum9

circumdatis,

incolas etiam maiinis commeatlbus 10intercludunt. Qui-

bus rebus fractiJI

Syracusfmi, auxilium a Lacedaemoniis

petiverunt.12 Ab his mittitnr Gylippus, qui auxiliis

partim in Graecia, partim in Sicilia contractis, oppor-tuna bello loca

13

occupat. Duobus deinde proeliis vic-

1491. 6

292; 467, III.10

386, 1.

a301, 3.

7 390."

279.3

165, 1. "414,3; 705,11.M

276, III.

4378. 396, V. M

141.*286, 2.

86 LATIN KEADEK.f

tus, tertio liostes in fugam conjecit, sociosque obsidione1

liberilvit. In eo proelio Lamachus fortiter pugnans oc-

clsus est.

Successes of Alcibiades against tJie Lacedaemonians.

224. Alcibiades summa curfi2classem instruit, atquo

in belluin adversus Lacedaemonios perrexit. Hac expe-ditiune tanta subito rerum eommntatio facta est,

3ut La-

cedaemonii, qui paulo ante victores viguerant, perterriti

pacem peterent ;

*victi enim erant quinque terrestribus

proeliis, tribus navalibus, in quibns trecentas triremes

amiserant, quae captae in liostium venerant potestatem.Alcibiades simul cum collegis receperat loniam, Helles-

pontum, multas praeterea urbes Graecas, quae in ora,

sitae sunt Asiae : quarum expugnaverant quam plurimas,in his Byzantium ; neque minus multas consilio ad ami-

citiam adjiinxerant, quod in captos clementifi5fuerant

usi. Inde praeda,6

onusti, locupletfito ex.ercitu, inaximis

rebus gestis, Atlienas venerunt.

Cyrusfavors Lysander and the Lacedaemonians, 407 B. C.

225. Dum haec geruntur, a Lacedaemoniis Lysan-der classi belloque praeficitur ;

et Darius, rex Persarum,filium suilm, Cyrum, loniae Lydiaeque praeposuit, qui

Lacedaemonios auxiliis opibusque ad spem fortunae

prioris7erexit. Aucti 8

igi tur viribus9 Alcibiadem cum

centum navibus in Asiam profectum,10 dum agros popu-

Ifitnr, repentmo adventu oppressere.11

Magnae et in-

opimltae cladis nuntius quum Atlienas venisset, tanta

1

425, 3.B419, I. 429.

2414, 3.

6419, III.

J0282.

294.7 1G6.

u235.

4 494.e2G9.

87

.Atheniensium desperatio fuit, ut statim Cononem in

Alcibiadis locum mitterent, ducis se fraude magis quambelli fortuna yictos

1

arbitrantes.

fatal defeat of the Athenians at Aegospotamos, 405 B. C.

226. Itaque Conon classem maxima industrial ador-

nat;sed navibus

2exercitus deerat. Nam, ut numerus

militum expleretur, senes et pueri arma capere coacti

sunk Pluribus itaque proeliis adverso Marte piignatis,

tandem Lysander, Spartanorum dux, Atlieniensium ex-

ercitum, qui, navibus relictis, in ten-am praedatum*

exi-

erat,4 ad Aegos Humen oppressit, eoque impetu totum

bellum iinlvit. Hac enim clacle res Atlieniensium peni-

tus inclinata est.

Ailiens surrenders to Lysander, 404 B. C. The Thirty Tyrants.

227. Lysander Athenas navigavit, miseramque civi-

tfitem, obsidione circumdatam, fame 6

urget. Athenienses, 9

multis fame et ferro amissis, pacem petivere. Quumnonnulli noraen Atlieniensium delendum,

1

urbcmqneinccndio consumendam censerent,

6

Spartan! negarunt,

se passuros, ut ex duobus Graeciae oeiilis alter erueretur;

7

pacemque Atheniensibus snnt polliciti, si longi muri bra-

cliia dejicerent,8

navesque traderent; denique si res pub-

llca triginta rectores, ex civibus deligendos, acciperet.

His legibus acceptis, tota civitas subito mutari coepit.

Triginta rectores rei publicae constituuntur, Lacedaemo-

niis9et Lysandro dediti, qui brevi tyrannldem in cives

exercere coeperunt.

1

545, 3.4295, 3.

7495, 1.

2386, 2.

6414, 4.

8509.

3569.

6518, H.

9384.

88 LATIN KEAJJLK.

Thrasylulus occupies Pliyle, 404 B. C.

228. Quuin triginta tyranni, praepositi a Lacedae-

moniis, servitiite oppressas tenerent Athenas, Thrasy-b fil us Phylen

l

confugit, quod8

est castellum in Attica

munitissimum, quum non plus secum haberet,3

quamtriginta de suis. Hinc, viribus paulfitim auctis, inPirae-

um transiit,4

Munychiamque munivit. Hanc bis tyranni

oppugnare sunt adorti, ab eaque turpiter repulsi protinusin urbem, arinis impedimentisque amissis, refugerunt.In secundo proelio cecidit

5

Critias, triginta tyrannurumacemmus. 6

Epaminondas. Battle ofLeuctra, 371 B.C. : of Mantinea, 362 B. C.

229. Epaminondas, dux Thebanus, apud Leuctra

superavit Lacedaemonios. Idem imperator apud Man-tineam graviter vulneratus concidit.

7

Hujus casu all-

quantum" retardati sunt Boeotii, neque tamen prius

pugna' excesserunt, quam10

hostes profligarunt." At

'Epaminondas quum animadverteret, inortilenim se vul-

nus accepisse, simulque, si ferrum, quod ex hastlli12in

corpore remanserat, extraxisset,13 animam statim emissu-

rum, usque eo retinuit, quoad renuntiatum est, Yicisse14

Boeotios. Id postquam audlvit, "Satis" inquit,u mxi ;

invictus euim morior." Turn, ferro extracto, contestirn

exanimatus est.

1

43, 379.

GRECIAN HISTORY. 89

PERIOD III. GKAECO-MACEDONIAN EMPIRE.

FROM THE ACCESSION OP PHILIP TO THE DEATH OP ALEXANDER, 823 B. C.

Decline of the Grecian States. Rise of the Macedonian Power.

230. Post Leuctncam pugnam Lacedaemonii se

nunquam refecerunt;et Tliebae, quod,

1

quamdiu Epa-minondas praefuit rei publicae

3

caput fuit totius Grae-

ciae, post ejus interitum perpetno alieno paruerunt im-

perio. Atbenienses, non ut olim in elassern et exercitum,sed in dies festos apparatusque ludorum reditus publicos

effundebant, frequentiusque in theatris quam in castris

versabantur. Quibus rebus effectum est, ut obscurumantea Macedonum nomen emergeret ;

3et Philippus, obses

triennio 4 Tbebis babitus in Epaminondae domo, bujus

praestantissimi viri et Pelopidae virtutibus erudltus,Graeciae servitutis jugum imponeret.

Extension of Philip's power.

231, Philippus, qrram magnam gloriara apud omnesnationes adeptus esset,

6

Olyntliios aggreditur. Hanc ur-

bem antlquam et nobilem exscindit, et praedfi6

ingentifruitur. Inde auraria in Thessalia, argenti metalla in

Tliracia occupat. His ita gestis, forte evenit, ut eurn

fratres duo, reges Thraciae, disceptatidnum suarum judi-cem 7

eligerent.3 Sed Pliilippus ad judicium, velut ad

bellum, instructo exercitu8

supervenit, et regno9 utrum-

que spoliavit.

1

445, 4.

90 LATIN" EEADEE.

Battle of Oliaronca, 888 B. C:

232. Quum, in Scythiam praedandi1

causa profec-

tus,2

Scythas dolo vicissety

diu dissimulatum bellmn

Atheniensibus infert,3

quorum causae Thebani se junxe-runt. Proelio ad Chaeroneam commisso, quum Atheni-

enses longe majore militum numero praestarent,4 tamen

assiduis bellis5indurata Macedonum virtute viucuntur.

Kon tamen immemores pristinae virtutis ceciderunt;

quippe adversis vulneribus7 omnes loca, quae tuenda 8

a

ducibus acceperant, morientes corporibus texerunt. Hiedies universae Graeciae et

9

gloriam dominatiunis et ve-

tustissimam libertatem finlvit.

Philip prepares to invade Persia.

233, IIujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia cst.

Non solita10sacra Philippns ilia die fecit

;non in convi-

vio risit;

" non coronas aut unguenta sumpsit ; et, quan-

tum, in illo fuit, ita vicit, ut victorem nemo sentlreT.12

AtLeniensibus et captives gratis rernisit, et bello con-

sumptorum10

corpora sepulturae reddidit. Compositis iii-

Graecia rebus, omnium civitatuui legatos ad formandum

rerum praesentium statum 13evocari Corinthum H

jubet.

Ibi pacis leges universae Graeciae pro mentis singularumcivitfitum statuit, conciliumque omnium, veliiti UDum

senatum," ex omnibus legit. Auxilia deinde singularumcivitatnm describuntur

;nee dubium erat, cum Persa-

rum impcrium et suis et Graeciae viribus impugnaturumesse.

'563.

GRECIAN HISTORY.

Death of Philip, 3G6 R C.

234. Interea dum auxilia e Graecia coeunt,1

miptias

Cleopatrae filiae, et Alexandri, quern regem Eplri fece-

rat? magno apparatu

3celebrat. Ubi quum Philippus

ad ludos spectandos, medius inter duos Alexandros,

filium et generum, contenderet,3

Pausanias, nobilis ex

Macedonians adolescens, oecupatis angustiis, Pliilippumin transitu obtruncat. Hie ab Attalo indlgno modo

tractatus, quum saepe querelam ad Philippum frustra

detulisset,4

et lionoratum insiiper adversarium videret,

iram in ipsum Pliilippum vertit, ultionernque, quam ab

adversario non poterat, ab iniquo judiee exegit.

Alexander tJie Great succeeds to the Macedonian Throne. SCO B.C.

235, Pliilippo5 Alexander films successit, et virtute"

et vitiis patre major. Vincendi ratio utrlque'

diversa.

Hie 8

aperta vi, ille artibus bella t-ractabat. Deceptis9

ille gaudere10

liostibus,11

hie palam fusis. Prudentior

ille consilio, hie aniino magnificentior.12 Iram pater dis-

simulare, pleruinque etiani vincere;Lie ubi exarsisset,

13

nee dilatio ultionis, nee modus erat. Yini"

uterquenimis avidus

;sed ebrietatis diversa ratio. Pater de con-

vivio in liostem procurrere, manum conserere, periculis

se temere offerre;Alexander non in hostem, sed in suos

saevlre. Regnare ille cum amicis volebat;hie in amleos

^regna exercebat. Amari pater malle, hie metui. Lit-

terrirum cultus utrlque similis. Sollertiae15

pater ma-

joris, liie n'dei. Yerbis atque oratione Philippus, Lie

1

295, 3.

92 LATIN READER.

rebus moderation Parcendi victisl

filio animus promp-tior

;ille nee sociis

2abstinebat. Frugalitfiti pater, lux-

uriae filius inagis dedltus erat. Quibus3

artibus orbis

imperil fundamenta pater jecit, operis totlus gloriamfilius consummavit.

Beginning of Alexander's Eeign.

236. Imperio suscepto, prima Alexandro cura patcr-

narum exsequiarum fuit;in quibus ante omnia caedis

4

conscios ad tmnulnm patris oceldi jussit. Inter initia

regni multas gentes rebellantes coinpescuit ;

6orientes

nonnullas. seditiOnes exstinxit. Deinde ad Persicum

bellum proficiscens, patrimonium omne suum, quod in

Macedonia, et Europa liabebat, amicis divlsit;

sibi

Asiam sujficere praefatus.7

l^ec exercitui8alius quain

regi animus fuit. Quippe omnes obllti conjugum9libc-

rorumque, et longinquae a domo militiae, nihil cogi-

tabant nisi Orientis opes. Quum delfiti10

in Asiam

essent, primusn Alexander jaciilum velu't in hostllcni

terram jecit ; armatusque de navi12

tripudianti"

similis

prosiluit,14

atque ita hostias caedit, precatus, no so rejoinillae terrae invltae

15

accipiant.10 In Ilio quoquo ad tu-

mulosberoum,17

qui Trojano bello ceciderant, parentavit.

Battle of the Gramcu&> 334 B. C.

237. Inde liostcm petens militesa populatione Asiae

proliibuit, parccndum18

suis rebus praefatus, nee per-

GRECIAN HISTORY. 9i>

denda ea, quae possessuril

venerint. In exercitu ejusfuere peditum triginta duo millia, equitum quattuormillia quingenti, naves centum octoginta duae. Hactarn parva manu universurn terrarum orbem 2

vincere

est aggressus. Quum ad tarn perieulosum bellum exer-

citum legeret,3 non juvenes robustos, sed veteranos, qui

cum patre patruisque militaverant, elegit : ut non tarn

militcs, quam magistros militiae electos putares.4 Prima

cum lioste congressio in campis Adrastlae fait. In acie

Persarum sexcenta millia militum fuerunt, quae nonminus arte Alexandri quam virtute Macedonum super-

ata, terga yerterunt. Itaque magna caedes Persarum

fuit. De exercitu Alexandri novem pedites, centum

viginti equites cecidere; quos rex magnifice Immatos

statuis equestribiis donavit; cognatis eorum autem im-

munitates dedit. Post yictoriam major5

pars Asiae ad

cum defecit. Ilabuit et "plura6

proelia cum praefectis

Darii, quos jam non tain armis, quam terrore nominis

stii vicit.

Battle oflssus, 333 B. C.

233. Interca Darius cum quadringentis millfbus

peditnm ac centum millibus equitum in aciem procedit.

Commisso proelio, Alexander non ducis magis quammilitis munia 7

exsequebatur. Macedones cum rege

ipso in equitum agmen irrumpunt. Turn vero similis

rulnae strages erat. Circa currum Darii jacebant nobi-

lissmii duces, ante oculos regis egregiii morte8defunct!.

Jamque qui Darlum veliebant equi, confossi liastis et

dolure efierati, jugum quatere et regem currutf

excutere

1

578, Y. 4486, 4.

7131, 4.)

2106, 2.

5165. 8

419, I.

3

518, II.6165, 1.

9434, 1,

94: LATDT EEADEE.

coeperant : qnum ille, veritus ne vivus veniretl

in lios-

tium potestatein, desilit,2et in equum, qui ad hoc ipsum

sequebatur, impomtur. Turn vero ceteri dissipanturmetu. Inter captives castrornm mater et uxor et filiae

duae Darli fuere : in quas Alexander ita se gessit,3nt

omnes ante eum reges et continentia4

et dementia,

vinceret.5

Alexander in Egypt, 382 J3. C. He visits the Temple of JupiterAmmon.

239. Aegyptii, olim Persarum opibus infensi, Alex-

andrum laeti6

receperunt. A Memplii7rex in interiora

8

penetrat ; compositisque rebus ita, nt nibil ex patrio

Aegyptiorum more mutaret, adlre Jovis Ammoiiis ora-

ciilum8

statuit. Quatriduo per vastas solitudines ab-

snmpto, tandem ad sedem consecratam deo10

ventum

est,11

undique ambientibiis ramis contectam. Regem pro>

plus adeuntem maximus natu13

e sacerdotibns FILFDM ap-

pellat, hoc nomen illi parentem Jovem reddere affirmans.

Ille se vero et accipere ait13

et agnoscere, Immanae sor-

tis14

oblitus. Consalit deinde, an totlus orbis imperiumsibi destinfiret

ia

PATEE. Aeque in adulationem composi-

tus, terrarum omnium rectorem fore ostendit. Post haec

institit qnaerere, an omnes parentis BUI interfectores

poenas dedissent. Sacerdos PAEENTEM ejus negat ulllus

scelere posse violari, PHILIPPI autem omnes luisse sup-

plicia. Sacrificio deinde facto, dona et sacerdotibns et

deo data,16

permissnmqiie amlcis, ut ipsi quoque consu-

15rcnt17 Jovem. Niliil amplius quaesiverunt, quam an

1

492, 4.

GRECIAN HISTORY. 05

anctor esset sibi divlnis honoribus colendi1

stium regcm.Hoc quoque acceptum fore Jovi

2vates respondit. Eex

ex Ainmone rediens3

elegit urbi locum, ubi nunc est

Alexandria, appellationem traliens ex nomine auctoris.

Darius malces his last proposals of Peace.

240. Jam Darius pervenerat Arbela* vicum, nobi-

lem sua clade facturus. Earo in ullo proelio tantum

sanguinis6 fusum est. Tandem. Darii aurlga, qui ante

ipsum sedens equos regebat, hasta transfixus est; nee

aut Persae aut Macedones dubitavere, quin ipse rex esset

occlsus.6 Cedere

7

Persae, et laxare ordmes; jamque non

pugna, sed caedes erat, quum Darius quoque curmmsuum in fugam vertit

;victori Alexandro Asiao impe-

rium obtigit.8

Disturbances in Greece.

241. Dum liaec in Asia gerebantur, Graecia'fere

omnis, spe recuperandae libertatis,1

ad arma concurrent,auctoritatem Lacedaemoniorum secuta. Dux hujus belli

Agis, rex Lacedaemoniorum, fuit. Quern9 motnm Anti-

pater, dux 10 ab Alexandro in Macedonia relictus, in ipsoortu oppressit. Magna tamen utrimque caedes fait.

Agis rex, quum suos terga dautes videret, dimissis satel-

litlbus"

ut Alexandro felicitate, non virtute inferior

videretur,12 tantam stragem hostium edidit,

13ut agir.ma

interdum fugaret. Ad postremum, etsi a multitude

victus, gloria tamen omnes vicit.

1563.

96 LATIN KEADEK.

Alexander invades India.

242. Post liaec Indiam petit, lit Oceano finiret im-

perium. Cui gloriae ut etiam exercitus ornamenta con-

venlrent, phaleras equorum et arma militum argentoinducit. Quum ad Nysam urbem venisset, oppidanis

l

non repugnantibus parci jussit.

Alexander returns to Babylon, 324 B. C.

243. Ab ultimis2

oris Oceani Babyloniam reversus,conviviura solemniter instituit. Ibi quum totus

3in lae-

titiam effusus esset, recedentem jam e convivio Medius

Thessalus, mstauratii comissatione invitat. Accepto po-

ciilo, inter bibendum* veluti telo confixus ingerauit,

elatusque e convivio semiammis, tanto dolore crucitltus

est, ut ferrum in remedia posceret.5 Yenenum accepisse

creditur.

Death of Alexander, 323 B. G.

244. Quarta, die Alexander indubitatam mortem

sentiens, agnoscere se fatum domus majorum sudrum,

ait, namplerosque Aeacidarum intra tricesimwn annum

defunctos. Tumultuantes deinde milites, insidiis periisse6

regein suspicantes, ipse sedavit, eosque omnes ad con-

spectum suum admisit, osculandamque7 dextram por-

rexit.8

Quum lacrimarent9

omnes, ipse non sine lacrimis

tanturn, verum etiam sine ullo tristioris mentis argu-roento fait. Ad postremum corpus suum in Ammonis

templo condi jubet. Quum deficere eum amlci viderent,

quaerunt, quern imperii faciat heredem;

I0

respondit,

1385. 6 494.

8

200, 1, 1).2166. 6

295, 3.8618, L

3 443. 7578, V. I0 373.

4

565, 1.

GRECIAN HISTORY. 97

Dignissimum. Hac voce omnes amlcos suos ad aemu-

lam regni cupiditatem accendit. Sexta, die, praecliisa

voce, exemptum digito1 annulum Perdiccae tradidit,

quae res gliscentem amicurum discordiam sedavit. Nametsi non voce nuneupatus lier'es,

2

judicio tamea electuss

esse videbatur.

Remarks on iJie character of Alexander.

245, Decessit Alexander mensem umim tres ct tri-

ginta annos4

natns, vir supra humamim moduin vi5ani-

mi praeditus. Qmma quaedam magnitudinem ejus in

ipso ortu portendisse existimabantur. Quo die nattis

est, pater ejus nuntium duarum victoriarum accepit ;

alterius, belli Illjrici, alterius, certammis Olympiad', in

quod quadrlgas miserat. Puer acerrimis litterilrum stu-

diis erudltus fuit. Exactfi pueritia, per quinquenniumAristotele, pliilosopLo praestantissimo, usus est magistro.

Accepto tandem imperio tantam militibus suis iiduciam

fecit, ut, illo praesente, nullius hostis arma timerent.6

Itaque cum nullo lioste unquam congressus est, quernnon vicerit

;

7 nullam urbem obsedit, quam non exptig-

naverit. Yictus demque est non virtute liostlli, sed in-

sidiis suoruni et fraude.

1

434, 1.

SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAENER

I. The preparation of a Reading Lesson in Latin involves

I. A knowledge of the Meaning of the Latin.*

2. A knowledge of the Structure of the Latin Sentences.

3. A translation into English.

MEANING OF THE LATIN.

II. Remember that almost every inflected word in a Latin sen-

tence requires the use of both the Dictionary and the Grammar to

ascertain its meaning.

The Dictionary gives the meaning of the word without reference to its Grammati-

cal properties of case, number, mood, tense, etc., and the Grammar, the meaning of the

endings which mark those properties. The Dictionary will give the meaning of

mensa, a table, but not of mensarum, of tables ;the Grammar alone will give the force

of the ending arum.

III. Make yourself so familiar with all the endings of inflection,

with their exact form and force, whether in declension or conjuga-

tion, that you will not only readily distinguish the different partsof speech from each other, but also the different forms of the sameword with their exact and distinctive force.

IV. In taking up a Latin sentence,

1. Notice carefully the endings of the several words, and thus

determine which words are nouns, which verbs, etc.

2. Observe the force of each ending, and thus determine case,

number* voice, mood, tense, etc.

This will be found to be a very Important step toward the mastery of the sentence.

By this means you will discover not only the relation of the words to each other, but

also an important part of their meaning, that which they derive from their endings.

V. The key to the meaning of any simple sentence (345, I.) will

be found in the simple subject and predicate, i. e., in the Nominative

and its Verb. Hence in looking out the sentence, observe the fol-

lowing order. Take

1. The Subject, or Nominative.

100 LATIN READER.

The ending will in most instances enable you to distinguish this from all other

words, except the adjectives which agree with it. These may be looked out at the

same time with the subject.

Sometimes the subject is not expressed, but only implied, in the ending of the verb.

It may then be readily supplied, as it is always a pronoun of such person and numberas the verb indicates; as, audio, I hear, the ending io showing that the subject is ego;

audllifi, you hear, the ending itis showing that the subject is vos.

2. The Verb, with Predicate Konn or Adjective, if any.

This will be readily known by the ending. Now combining this with the Subject,

you will have an outline of the sentence. Ail the other words must now be associated

with these two parts.

3. The Modifiers of the Subject, i- e., adjectives agreeing with it,

nominatives in apposition with it, genitives dependent upon it, etc.

But perhaps some of these nave already been looked out in the attempt to ascertain

the subject.

In looking out these words, bear in mind the meaning of the subject to which they

belong. This will greatly aid you in selecting from the dictionary the true meaning in

the passage before you.

4. The Modifiers of the Verb, i. e., (1) Oblique cases, Accusatives,

L'.Vilvv.-?, etc., dependent upon it, and (2) Adverbs qualifying it.

Bear in mind all the while the force of the case and the meaning of the verb, that

you may be able to select for each word the true meaning in the passage before you.

VI. In complex and compound sentences (345, II., III.), dis-

cover first the connectives which unite the several members, and

then proceed with each member as with a simple sentence.

VII. In the use of Dictionary and Vocabulary, remember that

you are not to look for the particular form which occurs in the sen-

tence, but for the l\om. Sing, of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns,

and for the First Pcrs. Sing. Pres. Indie. Act. of Verbs. Therefpre,

1. In Pronouns, make yourself so familiar with their declension,

that any oblique case will at once suggest the Norn. Sing.

If vobis occurs, you must remember that the Nom. Sing, is tit,.

2. In Nouns and Adjectives, make yourself so familiar with the

case-endings, that you will be able to drop that of the given case,

and substitute for it that of the Nom. Sing.

Thus, mcnsibus; stem mens, Nom. Sing, mensis, which you will find in the Vo-

cabulary. Bo urbewi, writ, urbs.

SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAENEB. 101

3. In Verbs, change the ending of the given form into that of the

First Pers. Sing, of the Pres. Indie. Act.

Thus, smdbat; stem am, First Pcrs. Sing. Prec. Indie. Act amo, which you will

find in the Vocabulary. So amaverunt ; First Pers. Perf. amcm, Perf. stem amav,Verb stem am ; amo.

To illustrate the steps recommended in the preceding suggestions, we add the

following

Model.

VIII. Themistocles imperutor servitute totam Graeciam liberuvit.

1. Without knowing the meaning of the words, you will discover from

theirforms,

1) That Themistocles and imperdtor arc probably nouns in the Norn. Sing.

2) That servitute is a noun in the Abl. Sing.

3) That totam and Graeeiam are either nouns or adjectives iu the Accus.

Sing.

4) That liberavit is a verb in the Act. voice, Indie, mood, Perf. tense,

Third Person, Singular number.

2. Now, turning to the Vocabulary for the meaning of the words, youwill learn,

1) That Themistocles is the name of an eminent Athenian general :

THEMISTOCLES.*

2) That libero, for which you must look, not for liberdmt, means to liber-

ate .' LIBERATED.

Themistocles liberated.

3) That imperdtor means commander ; THE COMMANDER.

Themistocles, the commander, liberated.

4) That Graeciam is the name of a country : GREECE.

Themistocles the commander liberated Greece.

5) That totus means the wJiole, all : ALL.

Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece.

6) That sermtus means servitude : FROM SERVITUDE.

Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece from servitude.

STRUCTURE OF THE LATIN ,SENTENCE.

IX. The structure of a sentence is best' shown by analyzing it

and parsing the words which compose it.

Analysis.

X. Tell whether the sentence is simple, complex, or compound.

XL In analyzing a Simple sentence (345, I.), name,1. The Subject and Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and (2) in

the complex form (347, 350).

102 LATEST EEADEE.

2. The Modifiers of the Subject, (1) in the simple form, and (2)

ia the complex form (352).

3. The Modifiers of the Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and

(2) in the complex form (354-356).

If the ModiSers are complex, the analysis may be continued till all complex ele-

ments are explained.

Model

XII. In his castris Cluilius, Albunus rex, moritur. Cluilius,the Allan king, dies in this camp.

1. This is a simple sentence.

2. Cluilius is the simple subject, and moritur, the simple predicate.Cluilius Albdnus rex, is the complex subject, and in Ms castris moritur is

the complex predicate.3. Rex is the simple modifier of the subject Cluilius, and Albdnus rex,

the complex modifier, as rex is modified by Albdnus.

4. In castris is the simple modifier of the predicate moritur, showingwJtere he dies, and in his castris is the complex modifier, as castris is modi-

fied by Ms.

XIII. In analyzing a Complex sentence (345, II.),

1. Name the sentence, or clause,1 used as an element in it with

its connective (357).

2. Analyze the sentence as a whole, like a simple sentence.

3. Analyze the subordinate clause (345, 2).

Model.

XIV. Donee eris felix, multos nmnerubis amicos. So long as

you are prosperous, you will number many friends.

1. This is a complex sentence.

2. Donee eris felix, is a clause introduced as a modifier of numerdbis,

showing when you will number.

3. Tu, implied in numerdbis, is the subject ;numerates is the simple

predicate, donee erisfelix, multos numerdbis amicos is the complex predicate.

4. Amicos is the simple object of the predicate numerdbis, and multos

amicos the complex object. Donee erisfelix is the adverbial modifier of the

predicate.

5. Donee erisfelix is a simple sentence, with the connective donee. Tu,

implied in eris, is the subject, and eris felix, the predicate, eris being the

copula (353) on& felix the predicate adjective.

1 If the sentence is abridged, show wherein (858, 850>

SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAKNER. 103

XV. In analyzing a Compound sentence (345, III.))

1. Separate it into its members and name the connectives.1

2. Analyze each member as a separate sentence.

Model.

XVI. Sol ruit et montes umbrantur.

The sun descends and the mountains are shaded.

1. This is a compound sentence (345, III.).

2. The members are sol ruit and monies umbrantur, connected by th

conjunction et.

3. The members are simple sentences, and are analyzed accordingly.

Parsing.

XVII. In parsing a word,1. Name the Part of Speech to which it belongs.

2. Inflect2

it, if capable of inflection.

3. Give its gender, number, case, voice, mood, tense, person,

etc.3

4. Give its Syntax and the Eule for it.4

Model.

XVIII. Romani ab aratro abduxerunt Cincinnfitum, ut dictator

esset, The Romans tooJc Cincinnatusfrom the plough, that lie might~be dictator.

1. fiomdniis a,\\ adjective: IZomanus, a, um, STEM, Roman ;decline (148).

It is in the Nbm. Plur. Masc., is used substantively (441), and is the subject of

abduxerunt. Give Rule III.

2. Abduxerunt is an active verb : ab-duco, ab-duccre, ab-duxi, ab-ductum,

compounded of ab and duco (313, II.); STEM, ab-duc, PERFECT STEM, ab-dux.

Give synopsis of the mood (218, I. 2). Inflect the tense, i. e., the Indicative

Perf. Act. (209). It is in the Active voice, Indie, mood, Per/, tense, TJdrd

person, Plur. number, and agrees with Eomdni. Give Rule XXXV.3. Cincinnfitum is a Proper noun (31, 1), of the Second Dccl.

;STEM

1 If the sentence is abridged, name the compound elements.2

Inflect, i. e., decline, compare or conjugate.3 That is, such of these properties as it possesses.4 No special Rule is deemed necessary for Prepositions, Conjunctions, or Interjec-

tions. Propositions are provided for by the rule for Cases with Prepositions. Con-

junctions arc mere connectives, and are quite fully explained under Moods.

Interjections are only expressions of emotion, or mere marks of address,

under Cases.

104 LATIN EEADEK.

Cincinnat; decline (45), used only in the singular (130, 1). It is in the

Accus. Sing. Masc., and is the direct object of dbduxsrunt. Give Rule V.

4. Ab is a preposition used with the Abl. Aratro.

5. Aratro is a noun of the Second Decl.;STEM aratr ; decline (45). It is

in the Abl. Sing. JXeut., and is used with the Prep. ab. Give Rule XXXII.

6. Ut is a conjunction of purpose (491), connecting abduxerunt and esset.

7. Esset is an intransitive verb : sum, esse,fui (204). Give synopsis of the

mood, and inflect the tense, i. e., Subj. Imperf. It is in the Subj. mood, Im-

perf. tense, Third person, Sing, number, and agrees with the pronoun is,

he, implied in the ending (460, 2). Give Rule XXXV.8. Dictator is a noun of the Third Decl.

;STEM dictator ; decline (51, II.).

It is in the Rom. Sing. Masc., and agrees, as Predicate noun, with the

omitted subject of esset. Give Rule I.

TRANSLATION.

XIX. In translating, render as literally as possible without doing

violence to the English.

In many important idioms of the Latin, a literal translation would not

only fail to do justice to the original, but would also be a gross perversionof the mother-tongue. The following suggestions are intended to aid the

pupil in disposing of such cases;but even in these, it is earnestly recom-

mended that he should first construe literally, in order that he may be madeto feel the force of the Latin construction before attempting a translation.

Participles.

XX. These are much more extensively used in Latin than in

English; hence the frequent necessity, in translating them, of devi-

ating from the Latin construction. They may generally be rendered

in some one of the following waysJ

(571-551) :

1. Literally:

Pyrrhus proelio fusus a Tarento reccssit, Pyrrlius having leen defeatedin battle withdrew from Tarentum.

2. I>y a Relative Clause :

Oumcs aliud agcntes, aliud simulantcs improbi sunt, All who do one

thing andpretend another are dishonest.

3. By a Clause with a Conjunction :

1 The pupil must early learn to determine from the context the appropriate render-

ing in each instance.

SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNEE. 105

1). With a Conjunction of Time, while, when, after, etc.

Uva maturata dulcescit, 27te grape, when it has ripened (Laving ripened),becomes sweet.

2). With a Conjunction of Cause, "Reason, Manner, as, for,

since, etc.

Milites perfidiam veriti reverterunt, The soldiers returned, because they

feared perfidy.

8). With a Conjunction of Condition, if.

Accusatus damnabitur, If he is accused, he will be condemned.

4). With a Conjunction of Concession, though, although.

Urbem acerrime defpysam cepit, He took the city, though it was valiantly

defended, or

4. By a Verbal $"oun :

Ad Romam conditam, to thefounding of Rome, lit. to Romefounded. Aburbe condlta, from the founding of the city. Post reges exactos, after the

ion of the Icings.

5. By a Verb :

Rex ei benigno recepto filiam dedit, The king received him "kindly and

r, lit. gave his daughter to him kindly received.

XXI. Participles with non or nihil are sometimes best rendered

by Participial nouns dependent upon without :

Non ridens, without laughing.

XXII. Future Participles are sometimes best rendered by Infini-

tives, or by Participial Nouns with for the purpose of:

Rediit belli casum tentaturus, lie returned to try (about to try) the for-tune of war.

XXIII. The Ablatjve Absolute is sometimes best rendered (1)

by a Clause with, when, while, after, for, since, if, though, etc.,

(2) by a Noun with a Preposition, in, during, after, ~by, from,

through, etc., or (3) by an Active Participle with its Object :

Servio regnante, while Servius reigned, or in the reign of Servius (lit.

Servius reigning). Duce Fabio, under the command of Fabius (lit. Fabius

being commander).

Sometimes, as in the last example, a word denoting the doer of an action can be

best rendered by the word which denotes the tiling done. Thus, instead of com-

mander, consul, king, we have command, consulship, reign.

106 LATIN HEADER.

Subjunctive.

XXIV. This may be rendered as follows :

1. With the Potential signs, may, can, might, could, would,

should (485) :

Forsitan quaerutis, Perhaps you may inquire. Hoc nemo dixerit, No on

would say this.

2. By the English Indicative. This is generally the best ren-

dering

1) In clauses denoting Cause, or Tune and Cause (517", 521) :

Quum vita metus plena sit, since life is full of fear. Quum Komamrenissct, when he had come to Rome.

2) In Indirect Questions (525) :

Quaerltur, cur dissentiant, It is asked why they disagree.

8) In the Subjunctive by Attraction (527) :

Vcreor, ne, dum minuere velim laborem, augeam, Ifear I shall increase

Hie lalor, while I icish to diminish it.

4) In the Subordinate Clauses of Indirect Discourse (531) :

Hippias gloriatus est, annulum quern haberet se sua manu confecisse,

Hippias ooasted that lie had made with his oivn hand the ring which he wore

(had).

5) In Eelative Clauses defining indefinite antecedents, and

sometimes in clauses denoting result (501, 494, 495) :

Sunt qui putent, there are some who think. Ita vixit ut Atheniensibus

esset carissimus, He so lived, that he was very dear to the AtJienians.

6) Sometimes in Conditional and Concessive clauses, and in

clauses with Quin and Quo-minus (510, 515, 498, 499) :

Dum metuant, if only (provided) theyfear. Si voluisset, dimicasset, Ifhe had ^o^shed, he would have fought. Ut desint vires, tamen est laudanda

voluntas, Though the strengthfails, still the will should be approved. Adest

nemo, quin videat, There is no one present wJio does not see.

3. By the Infinitive. This is often the best rendering

1) In Relative Clauses denoting Result : hence after dignas, in^

dignus, idoneus, aptus, etc. (501) :

Non is sum qui his utar, I am not such a one as to use (he who may use)these things. Fabulae dignae sunt, quae legantur, The fables are worthy to

be read (which, or that they, should be read).

SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAKNEE. 107

2) Sometimes in Kelative Clauses denoting Purpose, and other

clauses denoting Result (500, 494) :

Decemviri creati sunt qui leges scriberent, Decemvirs were appointed to

prepare the laws (who should prepare).

Infinitive.

XXV. The Infinitive has a much more extensive use in Latin

than in English. The following pointe require notice (539 ff.).

1. The Infinitive with a Subject is rendered by a Finite verb

with that :

Dixit se regem vidisse, He said that Jie had seen, the Icing.

2. The-Historical Infinitive (545, 1) is rendered by the ImperfectIndicative :

Iram pater dissimulare, Thefather concealed his anger.

8. The Infinitive is sometimes best rendered by a Participialnoun with of, with, etc.

Insimulatur mysteria violasse, He is accused of having violated the mys-teries.

Miscellaneous Idioms.

XXYI. The following Miscellaneous Idioms are added :

1. Certiorem facere should be rendered, to inform, and certior

fieri, to ~be informed :

Caesar certior factus est, Caesar was informed.

2. Inter se, lit. between themselves, is often bcs^rendered, fromeach other, to each other, together.

Omnes inter se differunt, They all differfrom each other.

3. Ne quidcm, with one or more words between the parts, shouldbe rendered, not even ; or even not:

%Ne nomen quidem, not even the name.

4. "When two or more verbs stand together in the same com-

pound tense, the copula (sum) is generally expressed only with the

last, but in rendering, the copula should be expressed only withthe first :

Captus et in vincula conjeetus est, lie was taken and thrown into chains.

5. Quanta tanto, lit. ~by as much as J)y so much, is often best

rendered before comparatives, the the :

108 LATIN EEADI::;.

Quanto diutms considcro, tanto res vidCtur cbscurior, the longer (by aa

much as the longer) / consider the subject, tlie more obscure (by so much tho

more obscure) does it appear.

6. A Clause with quominus, by which, .or that, the less, maygenerally be rendered by a Clause with that, by the Infinitive, or

by a Participial noun. ~wiih.from.

Per eum stetit quominus dimicaretur, It was owing to 7dm (stood through

him) that the engagement was notwiade. Non recusavit quominus poenamsublret, He did not refuse to submit to punishment. Regem impediit quomi-nus pugnuret, lieprevented the Icingfromfighting.

NO TE S.

GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.

For Explanation of References, see page ix.

PAGB

I. Ala* As the Latin has no article, a noun may, according to the 1connection in which it is used, be translated (1) without the article;

as, ala, wing; (2) with the indefinite article a, or an ; as, ala, a wing;

(3) with the definite article Ike ; as, ala, the wing.

4, 23. Post Rosmli mortem. For the position of the preposition, 3see 602, II. 3.

Y. Scrvns bsans. In Latin the adjective generally follows its noun,as in this example, though sometimes it precedes it, as in English.

When emphatic the adjective is placed before its noun; as, vcra ami-

cilia (7, 25). See Grammar, 598; 598, 2.

II, 18. Leges . . . snnto, let the laws be, etc. The third person of 5the Future Imperative is often best rendered by let, iusteJ^pf

shall.

13,28. Omninm. This agrees with 'militum.

19, 2. Consul. See note on " Cons&les" (169). 4. Via! dens. 9The ancient Romans recognized a great number of gods and goddesses.

Almost every object in nature was under the special care of some one of

these fabulous deities. Bacchus presided over the cultivation of the

vine, and w0 the god of festivity. 6. Testis tempornm, the witness

of times, i. e. competent to testify in regard to them. Tempora, times,

involves events. Hafeetar, is regarded. 9. Evaserat jfrom cvado.

20, 1. Expulsus est;from expello. 2. Kegis pater. Regis refers

to Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome. 6. Bidicit;from

disco. 7. Dictator. See note on " Cum lionore dictatoris'1'1

(178).

Voverat;from vovco. 8. Interfeecrnat ;

from interfido.

21, 5. Malornai. This depends upon mater. 1O22, 6. Perdidi

;from pcrdo.

23, 6. Fecit, lit, made ; render composed, or wrote. 8. Condidit$

from condo. 12. Yixoruat; from vivo. 16. Laxernat; from

110 LATIN EEADEJG.

PAGE

11 luyco. -20. Sam practcnccfas ;from praticrvcho. 21. Transie-

rant;from transeo. See 295, 3.

24, 5. Natrieeia . . . SidHaci. The ancient Romans annually re-

ceived large supplies oi' grain from Sicily. Hence the epithets here

applied to it.

25, 3. Belli; construe with artem, the art of war. 9. Edoctab

fneraf, from cdoceo. 10. Petiemct; from pcto: See 234, 276, III.

12 13. Iberaia tradnxSt. Sin's was at the beginning of the second

Punic war, 218 B. C. The Ebro was the boundary between the Ro-

man and the Carthaginian possessions in Spain. Tradaxit, from

traduco. 14. Transdncti santJfrom traiisduco.

26, 3. Bcstiolac. This refers to the insect known as the ephcmeran.4. Naias

;from nascor. 6. Exstraxcraat

;from cxstruo. >

7. Loagos qnatcrna eabita, each four cubits long. Quaterna is a

distributive. See 174, 2, 1).

27, 2. Rcdiit;from redeo, 295, 3. 3. Concessit ;

from concldo.

4. Naiaeram, quantity. The word generally means number.

BJisit ;from mitto. 8. Ibo ;

from eo, 295.

B.3 28, 3. Saffasa5 Participle from snffundo, agreeing with VCWIR. 4.

Ictns; from ico. Cecidit; from cado. 5. Inccnsns est; from

incendo.

29, 3. Vidct, seek it. The object is the pronoun understood, refer-

ring to conjurativhcm.

30, 9. JVon 'dat, does not allow; lit. give. 10. Orancs. This

agrees with nos implied in damus.

14 31,6. Persaasit; from persuadeo. 8. Pcperesnrat; fromparco.

32, 1. AMk from adsiun. For the assimilation of d before/, see

338, 1, ad. 2. Adjnnxit; from adjungo. 3. Singnloram, of in-

dividuals ; it depends upon saluti. 5. Tcrrorcia iojetitj he struck

terror into, i. e. inspired with terror; lit. threw terror into. Injedt;from injicio. 6. Pngaae .... Salinuncm. This v/as the famous

victory gained, 480 B. C., by the Greeks over the Persians.

5 35, 2. Hie, here. Mihi, to mij surprise.

36, 10. Dclegcrant; from detigo.

37, 2. Taac littorae, your letter. This is the common meaning of

the plural of this word. 5. Notas j Participle from nosco, used ad-

jectively, 575.

38, 1. Esto, let there be.

IG 39,4. Erat, it was. 1. 2. Sastinncrnat ; from smtinco. 4.

YentornEi pater. Aeolus is meant : he was the god of the winds, and

ruled them at pleasure. 5. Siugutoram facnltaJes, the resources ofindividuals. See 441, 1. IV. 1. Tarqainins. Tarquinius Superbus,

17 the last king of Rome, is meant. 3. Dederaat$ from do. V. 2.

NOTES. Ill

PAGE

Scuat, lit. sounds ; here expresses, means. -Vox TGlnptatss, the u-ord ITpleasure; lit. the uord of pleasure. 5. Exliorruit; from exhorresco.

40, 3. Famac mendada, the falsehoods of report, i.e. the falsehoods

circulated by report, 8. Kcsciam fingit. Socrates, one of the most

eminent philosophers of antiquity, had such a contempt for all pedantryand conceit of knowledge, that he claimed to know only one thing ;

viz., that he knew nothing.

41, 1. Peena ; supply est, 460, 2. 8. Fuit5 t"as, i.e. consisted of.

4. Eratsoiaiii} supply mow in rendering. 6. Scnesecntis; sup- 1

ply aetatis from the preceding clause. 12. Ccteri ; supply vendunt.

42, 7. SuoruEij his own, i. e. faults (vitiorum],

43, 9. llnjns ; belongs to gloriae. 1944, I. 1. Cato ; supply magnus habebatur from preceding clause.

II. 1. ECS . . . eonslitoit, managed the a/airs, etc. He was gov-

ernor of the Chersonesus. III. 7. Pisces; supply capiuntur. 2OIV. 3. Sacra, sacred rites. King Numa was the reputed founder of the

early religious institutions of Rome.

45, 3. Vigiati lalentis, twenty talents, more than $20,000, a high

price for an oration, but the purchaser was a wealthy king, and the au-

thor ono of the most finished of the Attic orators. Yendidit $from

vcndo.

40, 1. Inrnrn; supply vilius est from the preceding clause. 10.

Adversara ; supply fortunam. 11. Yirtntis, that of virtue. It dc- 21pends upon sitis understood.

47, 2. Majer ;lit. greater ; render older. 3. Cacsaris 5 supply

castris.

48, I. 5. Fnnctus snm ;from funyor. HI. 9. wtora .... 22

icliilles* These were the two most eminent warriors in the Trojan war ;

the former a Trojan, the latter a Greek.

49, 2. Gesta snnt; from gcro. 3. Vlxit; from vivo. 5. Tra-

jecit 5from trajido. 6. Fabricms, Aristidcs. They were both dis-

tinguished for rare integrity and uprightness. The latter was surnamed

the Just. With Fabridux supply fuit. 7. Mortaus CStj hommorior.12. Timothens; supply vixif.

50,7. Destiternnt;

from dcsisto. 11. Expntsns cst; from ex- 23pello. 13. Bello PersiCO, in the Persian war, i. e. the war with Per-

ria. Thcmistocles gained the celebrated victory of Salamis, 480 B. C.

51, 4. Qua HQClC cadCCl=t'6?(/ei node, qua, on the same night in

which. The antecedent node is incorporated into the relative clause

according to 445, 9. Dianae .... tenijilnr.i. This temple of Diana

at Ephcsus in Ionia was celebrated for its beauty and magniScencc.9. Condita erat ;

from condo.

52, 2. Conjimxit ;from conjungo. 24

112 LATIN READEB.

PACE

24 53, 1. Qnidam, some, i. e. some persons. Ron re, not in reality.

5. Far ; agrees with Ancus.

54, 1. Cogliito; from cognosce. 4. Excepta; from exclpio.

G. Natns estj from nascor. Cicerone .... consulilms ;XXIII.

See also notes on " Consulcs"

(169) and " Duillio "(185).

25 55, I. 1. Ad sninmam senectnteia, till extreme old age. 5. VIcit;

from vinco. 6. Fnsaesnnt; fromfundo. 8. Erga parcntcs, pie-

t&S=justitia erya parentes pielas dicitur. II. 4. Africannsj so called

because of his great victory at Zama in Africa. 5. Ex Tiro, i. e. from

the word vir, man. 6. Floruit; from florcsco, 281, I. 1. 8. De-

dit; from do. III. 2. Divisa cst; from divido. r4. Progress!

snnt; from progredior. 5. Est, there is. Sub pallio sordido,

under a soiled coat, i. e. in the poor man, among the poor.

2S 56, 5. Ab onmi partc; lit. from every part ; render, in all respects.

6. Condidit ;from condo. 9. Dives, This is a predicate adjec-

tive: is bom rich. 11. Dissiffiillima natnra, very dissimilar (things)

by nature.

57, 2. Ad qnas res, in iis=ra Us rebus, ad guas, in those thingsforwhich. See note on "

Qua node, eadcm" (51, 4).

27 58, 2. Tna ; supply dclectant. 3. Amicnm, a friend, i. e. myfriend

; possessive omitted according to 447. 5. Consnmpsi $from

consumo. .

'

GO, 1. Dens est, there is a God. Temporum, of the seasons.

Rcrmn, of events. 2. Malaj

construe with carmma. 3. Hones-

tatis; depends upon regtila understood, 397, 1, (3). 4. Demliios;

supply crat.

62, 1. Meonun, of my friends, lit. of my, or mine. 2. AgnoTif ;

from agnosco. 3. Si quisqnam ; supply sapiens fuit. 5. Optimnru

qnidqne, lit. every best thing ,- render, all the best things, whatever is

best, or the best thing ever, 458, 1. 6. Perdidit ;from perdo.

S 63, 3. Peperi ;from par>, 280. 5. Delati snnt ;

from dcfcro,

292, 2. 6. Excrcitnm, his army. Observe the omission of the pos-

sessive, 447. 7. ExstinctUEl est ;from cxstinguo, to put out, extin-

guish, applicable to a light. The language is figurative ;the beautiful

city of Corinth is represented as a light, lumen.

64, 3. Victoria ; supply venit.

65, 4. Consoles \ supply bini crcabantur from the next clause.

Bin!, two by two, i. e. two each year, distributive, 174, 2.

29 GG, 1. Perspexcro; from pcrspicio.

67, 1. I'M prinmm, whenfmt, i. c. as soon as. 2. Cera Graecis

Latina, lit. Latin things u-ith Greek things ; render, Latin studies with

Greek studlcx. Conjnnxi 5from conjwtgo. 4. Lycnrgi leges.

Lycurgus was the great Spartan law-giver. His laws contributed much

NOTES. 113

PAGB

to the prosperity and greatness of Sparta. 6. Aareornsi annnlornm. 29The wearing of gold rings was one of the special privileges of senators

and knights. Detraxerat*,from detruho.

68, 3. Nonnnlli, not none, i. e. some, 585, 1. Casime; msw with

the interrogative enclitic ne appended. Sit cSbctns ;from efficio.

4. Qnaesivlt; from quaero. Sahusnc . . . ciipcus. This was his

question when mortally wounded at Mantinca. Ancient warriors took

special pride in preserving their shields. 5. Egsent fusi; from

fundo. 6. In cansis, in suits at law.

69, 3. Redires ;from redeo. 3O

70, 7. Tanqnam parva, as small, i. e. unimportant.

71, 1. Abdnxernnt; from abduco. Cineinnatimu Cincinnatus,

vho was thus summoned from the plough to the dictatorship in an hour

of great national peril, acted with such remarkable promptness and

energy, that in a few days he conquered the enemy, entered Rome in

triumph, and was rewarded with a golden crown. lie then quietly re-

signed his dictatorship and returned to his farm. Dictator. See note

on " Cum honore dictatOris"

(178). 2. Patris, of his father, i. e.

the Sun. The story is, that he asked his father, the sun, for the use of

his chariot for a day, but that he found himself unable to manage the

fiery steeds. 5. Dccrevit ;from decerno. Ut consul . . . . ne

. , . . eaperet. This was the usual formula by which a Roman citizen

might be clothed with the power of dictator.

72, 1. Dt . . . diiigamus; XXIV. 2, 5). 4. Scnscrit; from 31sentio.

73, 2. Qaln .... atoam ;XXIV. 2, 6). 4. Qnominus sit;

lit. by which, or that, the less God should be ; render, tiwtiJG-od should

be, or Godfrom being, XXVI. 6.

74, 1. Qni sustiaeretj lit. ivho should sustain; render, to sustain,

XXIV. 3. 1 Quod . . . possit; XXIV. 2,5). 6. lavcatisont;from invenio.

75, 1. Dnia metinmt ; XXIV. 2, 6).

77, 4. Kisi in litteris, if not in letters, i. e. in literary pursuits, stu- 32dies. 5. Non . .- . senatnm* Senatus, senate, is derived from scnex^and meant originally an assembly of old men.

78, 2. Constiterit ;from comisto. 4. Qni . . . attigissein, though

I had commenced (touched) Greek studies (letters) ;XXIV. 2, 6).

IttigisscEa ;from attingo.

80, 1. Qmnn ... sit; XXIV. 2, 1). 2. Necesse est. The sub-

ject is the clause, Deum .... majdra. Hence neccwe is neuter, S3438, 3

; 35, III. 2. Denm .... hafecre; XXV. 1. Ilaee habcre

Biajsra, lit. to have these greater, i. e. in a higher degree. 4. SRO

toto . . . nan Yidsrit. As the term of the consular office was a year,

114 LATIN READER.

PAGE *

33 tliis seems a very remarkable statement. But the truth is, Caniniu?

was appointed only to fill a vacancy of a few hours at the very end of

the consular year. Hence the remark is only a playful one.

81, 1. Malormn, of evils ; from malum. Qncd .... capian-

tar$ XXIV. 2, 1). The Subjunctive implies that the reason is assigned

on Plato's authority. Pisces\ supply capiantur. 2. Latine, in

Latin. 3. Bedicrid ;from redeo, 295, 3.

82, 1. Bum .... csnTcnircnt; XXIV. 2, 1). Ad horan no-

nam, till the ninth hour, i. e. till 3 P. M. For the divisions of the

Roman day, see 711. 2. Quievcre ;from quicsco. 3. Totem

. . . excitant^ The immense audiences before which the ancient trage-

dians acted, rendered this precaution quite indispensible.

83, 1. Qsantas .... habeat ;XXIV. 2, 2). 2. Tantrra, only.

4. Qaj .... vidcantj XXIV. 3, 2). Qnas in partes, !:.

what parts ; render, in what direction. 6. Huns, one, viz. Demos-

34L thcnes. 7. Est. The subject is the clause, quails res . . . sit, 555.

84, 1. Ft ... servem, that I should Jcccp myself neutral, i. e., in

respect to the civil wars. 2. Qoas cognorit. XXIV. 2, 3). Cog-

norit; for cognoverit, 234, 2. 3. Jnssit5 fromjubeo, 269. Quae;

refers to naves, as its antecedent. 5. Ft videarj XXIV. 2, 5)..

Yixisse 5from vivo.

85, ]. Quad seirent; XXIV. 2, 4). 2. Bestiolas. Reference is

here made to the insect known as the ephcmcran. 3. Rcspondit j

from respondeo. SIM, SUSS. Here sibi refers to Caesar, the subject

cf the subordinate clause, while suas refers to Ariovistus, the subject

of the principal clause. See 449, II. TieiSSC&t*,from viaco. i.

Si ... CSCt .... foi'SSCi In the direct discourse, this would have the

Imperfect Subjunctive in both clauses, the third form of the condiLi-jnal

sentence (510). For changes in the conclusion, sec 533, 2, 2).

!l!e, he, i. e. Caesar. A gc, from himself, i. c. Ariovistus. 5. Egit ;

35 from arjo, treated, argued. Reminiscerctar. In the direct discourse,

this would have been in the Imperative : hence the Subjunctive here

according to 530, II.

86, 2. Patres conscript!, conscript fathers, often used in addressing

the Roman senate. 5. Donaiant ; supply pronoun referring to vir-

tulcs, they. 6. Santo, let them be. 8. Militiae saoiaum jns, the

supreme control of military affairs. Parestoj supply pronoun,

.ring to consulcs. 9. Te; subject of csse. 10. Qaaa primum,

as soon as possible, 444, 3.

SO 87, 4. Positaitt CSf^C ;from JP0710. 5. TiV.dltnni CGi; from trado.

7. Capidani 5Ace. Masc. Sing, agreeing with atiquem, any one, the

omitted subject of csse. 9. Sols rebas;with one's own things. RUM

refers to. the omitted subject of csse. Sent} agrees by attraction with

NOTES. 115

PAGE

Pred. Norn, divitiae, instead of the subject clause, 462. 11. Lyenrgi 3Gtemporibns. This was in the ninth century B. C. 14. Ismntas CSSC ;

from invenio. 16. Anmre; supply est. 17. Minima; the smallest,

i. e. the smallest evils (mala).

8,4. Graece loqai, to' speak in Greek. Latinc ; supply logui.

6. Didicenmt; from disco. 13. Essc5 supply bonus.

89, 3. Yiderc .... caperet. This was the duty, or business, ne- 37ffotium, assigned to Postumius. The language is the usual form of de-

cree by which the Dictator was clothed with extraordinary, power, in

order to save the state. See note on " Cum honore dictaloris"

(178).

Postumius was Dictator. 4. Smapsissc ;from sumo. 6. Tenc \

the pronoun te with the enclitic nc. Teae hoc dicere, that you should

say this, or is it possible that you say this ? 7. Adconc;adeo and ne.

00, 3. later BUS ; lit. between ourselves ; render, with each other.

4. Aceedit quod^ lit. it is added that, \. e. there is the additional fact

that.J

91, 1. Ta} subject of rcsponsurus sis. 2. PervcsisseEtBe ; per-

vcnissent and nc. 3. Blel; subject of csse understood. 5. latcr-

fnisset ;from inicrsum.

92, 3. Biscendi; supply facultatem, 397, 1, (3). 4. Andiendi ;

supply occasio. 7. Platonis andiendi, of hearing Plato ; lit. of Plato 3to be heard. Platonis depends upon studiosus, while the gerundive au-

dicndi agrees with it, 562. 9. Quid Gudicrioi, what I have heard.

93, 3. SaeerdGtibaS creandis ;lit. to priests to be appointed ; render,

to the appointment of priests, 580. Adjccitj from adjicio. 6.

Kenan!!;, sonic, 585, 1.

94, 1. Ad islsHigendmn 5lit. to understanding ; render, to under-

stolid. Est nr.tGS5from nascor, lit. has been born ; render, is born,

471, 3. 4. Ad cagnosceatias .... leges; lit. to the laws to be

learned; render, to learn, or study the laics, etc. Lyeargl IcgCS.

The laws of Lycurgus, the great law-giver of Sparta, were very famous

in antiquity. 6. Catilina .... COUJnravit. This iniquitous con-

spiracy was formed during the consulship of the orator Cicero, 63 B. C.,

by whom it was fortunately discovered and defeated.

95, 1. MM! ageado, by doing nothing.

96, 2. CODCCSSit ;from concedo. 3. DsfenstlJH ;

from defendo. 395. Fades ;

the object is id, the omitted antecedent of quod. 6.

Cognitu; from cognosco. Oratio; supply jitcunda cst from the pre-

ceding clause.

97, 2. Ilipplas. He had once been tyrant of Athens, but havingbeen driven from the throne, he repaired to the Persian couit and

espoused the Persian cause. Cccidit|

from cado. o. Pinxit ;

frompingo. Temple .... Eianae* See note en the same, (51, 4).

116 LATIN READER.

PAGE

39 5. Terra malata; lit. earth, or land, having been changed; ren-

der, change of country, 580. 6. Expulsns ;from cxpcllo. 7.

Faetns5from fado, Pass. Jio. S^begit ;

from subigo. 8. Vinc-

ta, from vincio. 9. Regibus exactJS 5 lit. the dings having been

expelled; render, when, or after, the kings were expelled, 431, 2, (1).

This refers to the overthrow of the regal form of government at Rome

by the banishment of Tarquin, 510 B. C. See below (167, 1G8).

40 12. Empta; from emo. 13. Dilapsi sant;from dilabor.

98, 3. Sccunda ; prosperous things, i. e. prosperity.

99, 2. In bonis re*ms$ lit. in good things ; render, among good

things, i. e.' as blessings. 4. Eripi, sturripi. Eripio means to 'MT

away forcibly ; surripio, to take away stealthily.

FABLES.

41 100. Praeterencti ;Dative Sing. Part, of practerco, 295, 3. In-

quit; the object is the clause, or sentence,u Non .... maledixit,"

357, I.

101. Orto; from orior. Qnantnin boni, lit. how much of a good

thing ; render, how much good, 396, 2, 3). Both adjectives are here

used substantively, 441, 2.

42 102. Coepit, she (the woman) began. Illam, that she, i. e. the

hen. Minores ; supply divittas. Perdidit;from pcr'do.

103. Dcprcheasns; from deprcliendo. Ulelicrcule ;lit. % Hercu-

les ; render, indeed, 589, 590.

104. Snbsiliit; from subsilio. SI .... pOSSCt ; if perchance she-

might be able, i. e. to ascertain whether she might, a dependent question,

525, 1. Acerbae snnt; they are sour, agreeing with uvae understood.

Repertas; from repcrio. Qnae; depends upon asscqui.

Qnac dcspercnt; XXIV. 2, 5).

105. Inliacscrat ;from inhaereo. Qni extrahat ;

lit w7io mayremove it ; render, that he may remove it, or to remove

it, XXIV. 3, 2).

Hoc, this, i. e. the removal of the bone. Qnnm .... postnJaret;

413 XXIV. 2, 1). Yidctnr ;the subject is the clause, quod .... cxlrax-

isii. Extraxisti ;from cxtraho.

103. Proptcr llOC ipsnsi, on account of this very thing, or for this

very reason. QanilJj though. EOSJ supply csse punicndos.

107. Qaam .... seatiret; XXIV. 2, 1). lit fieri solet, as is

u-ont to happen. Solct is used impersonally. QuibDS cllaiis, wh/t-h

NOTES. 3 1 7

PA(!B

having been brought, i. e. when these were brought, 431, 2. Qailms; 43see 453. Allatis

;from affcro, 292, 2. Quod ; which, or this, i. e.

the breaking of the bundle of rods;it refers to the clause, ut . . . . fran-

gcrent. Iinbedliis; supply res esset from the preceding clause.

108. Qnornodo, how, i. e. to determine how. Propositis 5from

propOno. Posse $ depends upon a verb of saying understood; for 44

thus, they said, they would be able, etc., 530, 1. Nemo repertns est,

no one was found, i. e. who would do it. Repertns est $from rcperio.

109. Unas; supply rcsidlbat. Grta$ from orior. Quuci ....

desperarent, while all despaired, etc., 518, II. laterrogat. The two

objects aregubernatorem, and the clause, utram .... existimaret, 374, 4.

SubiaerscHi iri;Fut. Pass. Infin. of submergo, would be submerged,

mould go down. Prorani. The full form would be : Proram priussubmersion iri existimo. Hie ; supply dixit, 367, 3. Qanm .....

Sim ; XXIV. 2, 1). Adspecturns sini ;from adspido.

110. Ilia, she, i. e. the tortoise. Se volucrera facere, to make her

winged, i. c. to teach her to fly. Arreptam ;from arripio, agrees

with illam : the eagle carried her, seized in his talons= seized, her in his

talons and carried her; XX. 5; 579. Sostniit; from totto. In

snMifES, on high.

111. Jaaxeraat, fromjungo. Ovis ; supply ct before this word. 45

Prima ; supply pars. Qnartam ; supply partem, the object of arro-

gare. na])Unriim; supply csse, 545, 3.

ANECD OTES.

112. Sciebam .... mortalcm; object of dixisse, 357, I. Gen-

nisse5from gigno. Mortalem

; agrees with eum understood.

113. Quod, that which. The full form would be, Dcus est ict

quod, etc.

1 14. gc ipsnin nosse ; supply difficile est. Nosse ;for novisse.

115. Spes ; supply communis est, etc. Q&i$ supply habent.

116. Dens; supply est, etc.

117. In pocipa* In the sacred processions, so common at the rcli- 46gious festivals at Athens, the consecrated vessels of gold and silver

were often displayed.

118. Scire .... nihil. See note on " Ncscium fingit" (4*0, 8).

119. Scipio AMcanas. This is the celebrated Roman general who

conquered Hannibal at Zama. See below (196) and note on "Africa-

mis (196). Antequam preeatns csset 5 XXIV. 2, 1).

118 LATIN READER.

PAGE

46 120. Gentis Corncliac* This was the gem to which Scipio belonged.

Jnssit; from jubeo. Res gestas, lit. things done, i. e. deeds,achievements. Gestas, participle from gero.

121. Pins essc, that it, i. e. the talent, was more. Qnod, that

which ; supply id.

122. Se . . . . habere, that he had thirty years, \. e. was thirty

years old.

123. Quae conarsntcr; XXIV. 2, 4). Qnaesiverunt ;from

quaero.

47 124. Seripsissetj from scribo. Cape 5 supply ea, them, i. e.

arms (arma).

125. Qnam dixisset; XXIY. 2, 1). Nos ; supply sumus.

126. Prae .... cinltitudinc, because of the multitude.

127. Est propositnni ; frompropdno.128. Solon 5

the great law-giver of Athens. Cur .... ccnstitnis-

sct; XXIV. 2,2).

129. Sapientem; this agrees with rem, and stultam, with rem un-

derstood. Sapiens 5 supply es.

130. Qaos ;those which ; supply cos.

43 131. Ipsi 5refers to Cornelia. Traxit$ from traho ; detained.

Donee redirent; XXIV. 2, 1). Haee, these, i. e. the chil-

dren. It is attracted from hi to haec, to agree with the Fred. Noun,

ornamenta, 445, 4.

132. Fernnt, they report, say. For the omission of the subject, see

460, 2. Oblivionis ; supply artem. Qnae, those things which ;

supply ea.

133. Bono Tiro panperi, lit. to a goodpoor man ; render, to a good

man who was poor, 442. Minus probato diviti 5to one less upright,

who was rich. Filiam 5a daughter, not his daughter. Yironi*

Vir means man in the noblest sense of the word, the true man.

Qnac ; supply egeat.

134. Achilles, Homcrns. The former is the hero of the Iliad, the

latter, its author. Olympico certamine, the Olympic contest. The

Olympic Games were celebrated once in four years at Olympia in Elis,

and were the most famous games in Greece. To be crowned victor at

these games was a coveted honor, while the herald had but an humble

office.

135. Profectns; from profitiscor. Qnnm videret ;XXFV. 2, 1).

Egrederetnr ;from cgrcdior.

49 136. Tyrannorum dominatione. This refers to the oppressive rule

of the Thirty Tyrants appointed over Athens by the Spartans. See

below (228). The city was liberated from them by the heroism of

Thrasybulus. Qnantas gratias, t&nt&$=tantas gratias, quanta*.

NOTES.

PAOE

137. Proposuit; from propono. Qni inrenisset, wfio should 49discover. The Pluperfect is explained by the fact that the discovery

must precede the giving of the reward.

138. Id, that, \. e. what he intended to do.

139. Is, he, i. e. the friend. Per . . . indignationem, with(lit.

through) the greatest indignation. Quid miM tua; supply opus est

amicitia from the preceding question. Tua agrees with amicitia to be

thus supplied.

140. Philippo. This is Philip, king of Macedonia.

141. Titus amor . . . human!. Titus was the most beloved of the 5ORoman Emperors. Quod nillil praestitisset, that he had rendered no

service. The Subjunctive implies that this fact was the reason which

the writer would give on the authority of Titus for the exclamation,

Amid .... perdldi. See 520, II. Praestitisset ;from praesto.

Edidit ; from edo.

142. Cecidissc ;fromcado. CognoTit; from cognosco. Coro-

naiii. Crowns, or wreaths, were often worn by the ancient Romans on

sacred and festive occasions. Deposnit ;from depono. Yolnpta-

tern; depends upon sentire.

143. la Ind. 01. Victores. See note on "Olymplco certarriine

"

(134). Affcctns cst; from afficio. Static, race-course. Races

formed a prominent feature in the Olympic contests. *t

144. Progressus ;from progrcdior. Fabnlas, fables ; here tra-

gedies. Ut . . . doceret. This implies that he aimed to instruct,

rather than to please the people.

145. Praesidibus, the presidents, or governors, i. e. of the provhfces. 51Praesidlbus depends upon rescripsit. Onerandas ; supply esse.

146. Vicem eornm, their fate. Hectorem, Hector, the most fa-

mous Trojan warrior. Effliixerant;

this agrees with anni. Plus

quaiii miile, more than a thousand years. Plus, when thus introduced,has no effect upon the construction

;otherwise we might expect the

verb effluxerant to be put in the singular. See 41*7, 3.

147. Quaesivissct ; from quaero. Idem, the same thing, i. e. the

same question. Petivit, he, i. e. Simonides, asked. DupHcaret be-

low has the same subject. Quanto dintius tanto ofcscurior, the

longer the more obscure. Quanto tanto, lit. by as much as by so

much, is often best rendered before comparatives, the the, XXVI. 5.

120 LATIN READER.

IIISTOKY.

52 148. In Italiam. What construction would be used with the nameof a town ? 379.-Janicnlo : a hill on the west side of the Tiber,

not one of the seven hills of Eome, though included within the wall

built by Aurelian hi the third century.

149. Troja . . . eversa est. This refers to the famous Trojan war,said to have taken place in the twelfth century B. C.-Eversa cst

;

from cverto.-Hinc, hence, i. e. from Troy.-

Pepereerat ;from

parco.-Ei benignc recepto . . . dcdit, lit. gave to him kindly re-

ceived : render, received him kindly and gave, 579.-Laiinicni$a

town in Latium a few miles south of Rome.

53 150. Msnte Albano. Mount Albanus is about 1 G miles southeast of

Rome.-E[ini,7m, i. e. Ascanius.-Genitus crat$ fromyiffno.

-EjttS. For whom does this pronoun stand ?

151. Minor natu; lit, smaller in respect to lirth, or age: render,

younger.-

BGHa, lit. good things=gocds, property.

152. Ycsteiem Yirgiueni. The Vestal Virgins were the priestesses

of the goddess Vesta : they ministered in her temple, and, by turns,

watched the perpetual fire upon her altars night and day. They were

bound by an oath of chastity, whose violation was punished by death.

Yiro 5 indirect object after nubere, to marry to veil one's self

for, in allusion to the custom of the bride's wearing the veil at the

marriage ceremony.-Pcperit ;from pario.

-Hoc, this, i. e. the

fact spoken of in the preceding sentence.-Qnnci .... cocjperisset.

XXIV. 2, 1).-

Comperisset ;from compcrio.

153. Effadcrst;

from cffundo.-Qnnm . . . . ess?nt pcsiil;

XXIV. 2, 1).-Esscat positi ; frompono.-Sico ; supply loco.

541 154. Sic, thus, i. e. as explained above.-Transegerunt; from

tramlgo--Quad adolcvisscnt . . . cooperissent ; XXIV. 2, 1).-

Adolevisscnt;from adolesco.-Qn!s ; subject of fidssct understood.-Qnac . . . faisset; XXIV. 2, 2).

-Aventino; one of the seven

hills of Rome. According to the best authority, Romulus founded his

city not on the Avcniine as here stated, but on the Palatine, which

stands a little to the north of it.-Qunm .... cii'cnculiircta,r,

XXIV. 2, 1).

155. Asylum. This was a place of refuge where exiles and even

criminals might obtain shelter and protection.-Qnnm .... Tenis-

ecnt; XXIV. 2, 1).-later \V$QS\VL&Q$) in the midst of the verygames.

NOTES. 121

PAGE

156. Qunm . . . appropinquarent ;XXIY. 2, 1). In Tarpeiam 54

. . . incidemnt. They fell in with, or met Tarpeia, etc. Annulos

.... armillas. Rings and bracelets were often awarded to soldiers

who had distinguished themselves in battle.

157. Tarpeiam. This was one of the seven hills of Rome: it was 55also called Capitolinus. The Capitol was built upon it. Forum

Romannoi* This was an open space in the form of an irregular quad-

rangle between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. In this were held

the great public meetings of the Roman people. In media caede, in

(he midst of the slaughter, 441, 6. Raptae ; supply mulieres.

Hinc .... bine, on the one side . ... on the other. Foedns icit, made

a compact. Ico, lit. to strike, has reference to*striking and slaying the

victim in ratification of treaties, compacts, etc. In nrbcm reccpit,

lit. received into the city : the meaning is, he received tliem into full citi-

zenship.

158. Dcscripsit ,from descrlbo. Qnnm .... turn, not only

. ... but also. Qunm .... Instraret ;XXIV. 2, 1). Lustrarct,

reviewed, lit. purified, as there were certain ceremonies appointed for

the review of a Roman army. Ortam;from orior. Interfectom ;

from interfaio. Supply esse.

159. Interregnum. This was the interval between the death of

one king and the accession of his successor to the throve.In this in-

stance the government was administered by the senate. Elapso ;

from elabor. Natns;from nascor. Gessit ;

from aero. Egc-

riae monitn . . . dicebat. This was the device of Numa to give sanc-

tity to his institutions, as Egeria was a goddess. Morbo dccessif^it,

diedfrom disease, i. e. died a natural death.

160. Snceessit; from succedo. Praestitcrat ;from praesto. 50

Horaticrnm ct Curiatiorcin. After the necessary preparations for hos-

tilities had been -made both by the Albans and the Romans, and the

two armies were already drawn up face to face, it was agreed to decide

the question of supremacy by a combat between the three brothers, the

Horatii, on the part of the Romans, and the three Curiatii, also broth-

ers, on the part of the Albans. The Curiatii were all slain;one of

the Horatii survived;his victory therefore decided the question in

favor of Rome. See Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Perfidiam Metii Snffetii.

Metius Suffetius, dictator of the Albans, having been summoned by the

Romans to aid them against the Veientines, drew off his forces at the

very moment of battle, and awaited the issue of the engagement. For

this perfidy he was put to death, and Alba was razed to the ground.See Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Annis. What is the common construc-

tion for duration of time ? 378.

161. Nova ei mocnia (ireamdedit, The same thought may be ex-

6

122 LATIN HEADER.

PAGE

56 pressed thus: Novis earn moenibus circumdedit ; in which mm is the

direct object, and mocmbus, the ablative of means. 384, II. 1.

Morbo obiit* Compare morbo decessit (159).

162. Qni .... Tarqniims accept. He was called Tarquinius from

the city Tarqumii in Etruria, where he lived many years.

5 1

?" 163. Miaoruai gentium, supply patrcs, or scnaturcs. Nee paueos,

lit. nor a few ; render, and not a few. AdemptOS, from adimo.

Triumpbans, triumphing in triumph. The honor of entering Rome

with an imposing triumphal procession was, in later times, often award-

ed to victorious generals. Capitoliam* The term Capitol was some-

times applied to the temple of Jupiter, and sometimes to the whole

Capitoline Hill, including1 both the temple and the citadel. Per And

filios. What is the usual construction for the agent after passive

verbs ? 414, 5.

164. Genitns; from gigno. Adolevisset; from adolcsco.

165. Tanaqnil . . . dieens, regem . . . obediret. This was the de-

vice which Tanaquil, the widow of the murdered Tarquin, employed to

place her son-in-law, Servius Tullius, upon the throne. Her success was

complete. Dkens. What is the direct object of this transitive par-

ticiple ? 550. ConyaMsset ;from convalesco. Monies trcsi The

Vii'iiinal, Esquilme, and Codian Hills are undoubtedly meant, though

the Codian was probably added under the reign of Ancus Marcius. The

other four of the seven hills, the Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, and

Avenline, were already occupied. Ceasnni. The census was taken

every five years for the purpose of ascertaining the number of citizens,

tb-i- amount of property, etc. la agris, in the fields, i. e. in the coun-

try, or territory about Rome.

163. laterfedas est;' from intcrfido.* Qrnini . . . redirct;

XXIV. 2, 1).

167. Cogaosiea . . mcrtut; he was ^called Superbus, because his

character deserved the title. Moribns ;observe the difference of

meaning between the singular and the plural, 132.

5. 168. la cxitinci, lit. into the destruction; render, for the destruc-

tion. What cases does in admit, and with what significations ? 435, 1.

Ei, against him, indirect object.

169. Consoles. The consuls were joint presidents of the Roman

Commonwealth, with all the power and most of the insignia of office

which the kings had assumed. AE^HSEI, for one year. Placacrat,

lit. it had pleased, seemed good ; render, it had lecn determined.

Tarqninionra fcmllla. Collatinus belonged to this family. He was

accordingly deprived of his office and went into exile. In ejns Isjcnia,

lit. into his place: here, by a difference of idiom, it must be rendered,

in his place.

NOTES. 123

PAGE

170. Sesc invkcEJj lit. themselves in turn ; render, each other. 50Lnxeruat; from lugco. Qainqac esnssles. One consul had been

deprived of his office during the year, one had been slain in battle, and

Another had died.

171. Horatius .... cssfit. This achievement of Horatius Codes,arid that of Mucius Scaevola, mentioned below (172), became famous in

tlie annals of Rome. They have been celebrated in prose and verse.

See Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome. Donee ... . ruptns CSSCt,

XXIV. 2, 1). -Aft snos, to his friends, companions.

172. Castra; observe difference of meaning between the singu-

lar and the plural. 132. Scribam pro rege. He mistook the secre-

tary for the king. Terreretj endeavored to terrify. 469, 1.

Douce .... coBsazapta essct. XXIV. 2, 1). Censenuit; from 6OI consencsco.

ty,J ,

'

173. Exaetos; from dzigo. Qasstss ;from qucror. Quod

.... cx&anriretnr ;XXIV. 2, 1). Seeessit; from sccedo. Fa-

trcs, senators, see above (158). Qui .... conelUaret ;XXIV. 3, 2).

Tribnai pleMs, The tribunes were at first two in number, then

five, and finally ten. Their persons were sacred and they were clothed

with great power. They might at any time, by their power of veto, ar-

rest the action of the magistrates, or even of the senate.

171. MilHarinm urbis, lit. milestone of the city ; render, milestone

from the city. The Roman roads were furnished with milestones mark-">

ing the distance from the city.

175. Daec Fabio CGnsalc, lit. Falhp the consul (being) leader ; Qjrender, under the command of Fabius the consul.- Qaina . . . . Y:-

cissent, XXIV. 2, 1). PeUexissent5 frompcllicio. -Excrto; from

cxorior. Pcriernnt;

from perco. Potucrat 5from possum.

Prndenti cnaetationc, by prudent delay. Fabius, in the second Punic

v,r

av, deliberately adopted the policy of weakening Hannibal by delay, i. c.

by not allowing him an engagement. His policy was entirely succes

176. la co erast, nt . . . . emerent, they were in this, i. c. in such

a condition, that they would purchase ; the meaning is, tlicy "Mere on the

point ofpurchasing. -^ .

177. Magaitndmc. What other case might have been used ? 39G, IV.

PrOTOCavit, challenged. liinc, hence, \. c. from the fact of takingthe torquis and adorning himself with it. Torquali is derived from

torquis.

178. Cnni tonorc dSetefcfis, m(k the rank of dictator. The dictator

was appointed only in times of great danger, and was invested witli d-

most unlimited power for a period of six months. ISlagistro eqaltaci.

This is the title of an officer always appointed in connection with the

dictator, or by him. Occ^sisneni naetas, taking advantage of a fa-

124 LATTNT EEADEE.

TAGE

62 vorable opportunity. NactuS*,from nanciscor. Capitis, lit. of the

I ; render, to death.

179. Post, afterwards. Quid .... pntaret; XXIY. 2, 2).

63 Ecspondit. What is the direct object? 550. Dimittendes5 supply

esse. Sal) jngnm. The yoke was thus useft as the symbol of sub-

mission and servitude;

it consisted of a spear supported horizontally

by two others placed in an upright position.

180. Qnia .... fedsscat. If this reason had been given on the

authority of the narrator, the indicative would have been used. The

subjunctive implies that this was the reason then alleged for waging the

war. See 520, II. Priianm . . . transmarine) hoste. Their pre-

vious wars had been waged with various nations in Italy and Gaul.

Qimm .... eepisset 5XXIV. 2, i)> Qnaccunque .... agercn-

turj XXIY. 2, 3).

181. luxilio clephantornffl. The Romans had never before met

elephants in battle, and indeed were unacquainted with the animal. The

battle was fought in Lucania; accordingly the Romans called the ele-

phants Lucanian oxen, bovcs Lucae. Per DOCtem, during the night.

idrersls Yulnsribss, with wounds in front: it was a disgrace to

receive a wound in the back. Etiaai mortncs, even in death. Ego

.... snbigereo ;in apposition with vocc.

182. Perrexit; from pcrgo. Octavo decimo. What other form

C>4 of this numeral is common ? 174. Be captivis redimendis ;lit. con-

cerning captives to be ransomed: the meaning is, to treat concerning

the ramoming of capihes. Fabricrara. Fabricius was celebrated for

hi* integrity. See note on "Fabricius" above (49, 6).^-l't ....

prcmitteret ;XXIV. 2, 5). Centcraptas cst

;from contemno.

183. Qama . , . . tcaeretnr; XXIV. 2, 1). Qni . . . prcte-

rctj lit. who should secJc : render, that he might ask, or to ask ; XXIV.

3, 2). rt Pyrrlras .... obtineret. This clause expresses the con-

dition on which Cineas was to ask peace, and may accordingly be re-

garded as in apposition with condiliGne. 495, 3. Ex Italia. What

construction would be used, if the name of a toicn should be substituted

here? 421, II. Rediisset; from rafco, 295, 3. Pyrriio; indirect

object of rcspondit ; the direct object is the clause, se regum patnamvidisse. 550. Quails .... visa essct. XXIV. 2, 2).

184. lltero, second.- Intcrfectij supply sunt. Yiactmn 5from

vincio, bound, or in chains. "Illc . . . al) honestatc . . . potest."

This entire sentence, as a direct quotation, is the object of dixissc, 357, 1.

531c CSt Fabrieios qBi. Falriciu* -is that one who, i. e. the man,

v,-ho. HonestAtc*, supply averti potest. A Tarcnto. What is the

common construction? 423, I.; 423, 1. Rcccssit; from recldo.

C5 185. Post urbem ccnditain, lit. after the city built ; render, after the

NOTES. 125

PAGE

building of the city, 580. Rome, the city here spoken of, is said to 65have been founded 753 B. C. Primam . . . dimieavcrant. This

was the first naval engagement of the Romans. Their previous wars

had been waged only on land. Daiilio . . . CGasalibas. The date

of an event was generally denoted by the names of the two consuls for

that year ;in the considship of Duillius and Asina, lit, Duillius, Asina,

consuls, or being consuls. These names are thus put in the Ablative

Absolute, generally without the connective et. Mersit; from mergo.

186. Paai'is . . . iaterjectis, lit. a few years having been thrown

bciicten / render, after a few years had intervened, or after an interval

of a few years, 431, 2. Est traasMam ; from transfcro. Scxs-

ginta qimitaor. May quattuor stand before scxaginta ? If so, would ct

be expressed, or omitted? 174, foot-note 3. Yiginti daas ; supply

naves. Amiscnmt ;from amitto. QKKHI . . . veukseat

,XXIV.

2, 1).- la fideia aeeeperaat, received under their protection, thoughas subject states. Capias ; supply cst from next clause. See also 66XXVI. 4. Coajectas cst ;

from conjkh.

187. Favit. How is the Perfect of this verb formed ? 270. How is

the Perfect regularly formed in the second conjugation ? 247, II.

Qimm vieti esseat; XXIV. 2, 1). Hi . . . profieisceretar . . . et

impctrarct. Verbs of asking take two Accusatives, or Objects : these

clauses may accordingly be treated as one of the objects of royavlrunt,

while at the same time they express the purpose of the request. 492, 2;

S74?4. DIxlt. Give the direct object of this verb, 550. BciiLse ;

*

from dcslno. Ilia die. What is the usual gender of dies ? 120.

IIlos, that they, i. e. the Carthaginians. IHos .... aalterc. This

infinitive-clause does not strictly depend upon suasit, but upon a verb,

cr participle, signifying to say, involved in it. 530, 1. Fractos ;from

frango. Taati DOH CSC}that it was not of so much importance^

worth the while.

188. Panici, Punic, i. e. Carthaginian. The word is derived .from

Pocni. Captac, demcrsaC) capta; supply sunt from occlsa sunt.

Demersae ;from demcrgo. Citra Ibcrnm, on this side of the Ebro,

i. e. on the side toward Rome, the northern side. Dceegenmi$ from

dccldo.

189. NOTCin aaaos nataiH, lit. havwgliccnborn nine years: render, G7r ::< ,< he was nine years old ; XX. 3. Hie . . . aetatis, he lii-iiia, or

]:assiag the twentieth year of his age ; render, lie when in his tiucnticih

pear ; XX. 3. Qai qusia, when he, i. e. Hannibal, 453. BRscract.

The object is legatos understood, though it is scarcely necessary to sup-

ply it in translating. Socios, (he allies, meaning the citizens cf Sa-

guntum. Rcddita ; supply sunt.

190. Fratre . . . relicto. Hannibal left his I- rot tier in Spain to

120 LATIN READER.

PAOR

67 take care of that province in his absence. Transiitj from transeo*

295, 3. Traditar, he, i. e. Hannibal, is said, Se conjunxernnt.

Why is se here used, rather than eos or illos ? 449, I. Dcdidernnt;

6 from dedo. Progresses; from progredior. Intcremptas; from

intcrtmo ; supply cst.

191. Q&mgeEtesinio dnodeqnadragesinio. For combination of nu-

merals, sec 174, 4. latcllcctum eratJfrom intclliyo. The infinitive-

clause, Ilannibalcm . . . posse, is the subject. Mora. The Roman

general, Fabius, had adopted with great success the policy of weakeningIlannibal by delay, i. e. by not allowing him an engagement. See above

(175). Yieti, capti, occisi; supply sunl with each participle.

Perscnmt;from pcrco. Quod. This relative does not relate to any

particular word as its antecedent, but to the leading proposition, or the

fact mentioned in it;the relative is accordingly neuter, as clauses used

substantively uniformly take that gender, 35, III. 2. Factazi; sup-

ply erat.

192. OMuEt;from offtro. Here obtulit takes Romania as its i;i-

dircct object, while the direct object appears in the form of a clause,

viz. ul captlvos rcdimcrcnt. This is plainly the offer made to the Ro-

mans;but this clause also states the purpose of the offer, viz. that they

?niyht ransom the prisoners. Hence the subjunctive rcdimercnt. 492.

Qci . . . potnissent, who had been able ; XXIV. 2, 5). Armii.

The senate regarded it as a disgrace, that any should be captured so

long as they had arms to defend themselves. AnresFEn annrJornia.

See note on the same (67, 6). lies CffiKCS. Observe position at the

beginning of the sentence to mark emphasis. 594, I. Dctraxerat;from detraho. -How is the Perfect formed ? 248, I. 1. Uasdrnbal

.... exercitn. Sec above (190, line 1). ncraaHserst;

from rc-

maneo. DnoIiES Scipi-SEibcG. These were Cnaeus Cornelius Scipio

and Publius Cornelius Scipio, the latter the father of Publius Cornelius

Scipio Africanus, who defeated Ilannibal at Zaraa. See below (196).

193. Res prospere gesta CSt, a successful battle was four/hi. In a

military sense, rcmgcro frequently has this meaning. Magnam hnjcs

09 iiiSKlac partem. For arrangement of words, sec 598, 3. Jade,

tlicnce, i. e. from Syracuse. In Macedonia. What construction

would have been used, if this had been the name of a town instead of

t'ujit of a country? 421, II. In deditloiicsi acecpit, lit. receive

.-aider ; the meaning is, accepted the terms of a surrender.

gressns est;from rcyrcdior.

194. Duo ScipiORCS. See duobus Scipionihus (192) and note on the

same. They were both slain in battle within a month of each other,

in the year 212 P>. C. Hie, pner dnodcvigiati amiornci, he when a

boy eighteen years of aye, 3G3, 3. Pest cladCd CaHUCliSCra, after the

NOTES. 127

PAQTI

defeat at Cannae (191). Viginti qnattnor .... natns, lit, having 9been born twenty-four years ; render, when twenty-four years of age.

Cartbagineia Novam, New Carthage, a city in Spain, founded soon

after the first Punic war by Hasdrubal, brother-in-law of Hannibal. It

was named after Carthage in Africa;

its present name is Carlhagena.

Parcntibns, to their parents. -Transierunt ; from transeo.

195. Creatns; supply est. Millibns . . . miiitibns. When is

millia followed by the Genitive and when by its own case ? 178.

Qua re audits, lit. which thing having been heard ; render, having heard

this, or on hearing this, 431, 2, 3).

196. Plus svmtl=plus quam semel, more than once. Ad Zamani, 70near Zama. Pcritissimi dnces, Hannibal and Scipio are meant.

Scipio Victor recedit, lit. withdrew victor ; render, left thefe7do.s riclor,

or simply was victorious. Ingenti gloria trierapIiavH. Compare cum

ingenti gloria . . . rcgressiis cst (193). Afrkaims. This title was

conferred upon Scipio in commemoration of his victories in Africa.

See also nomen Africani junioris (200).

197. Finite Punico bcllo. Which Punic war is meant? (185 and

189). Macedonienm ; supply bellum. Contra Pliilippnm. This

limits bellum understood, the war against Philip, 352, II. KegCfflt

Philip was king of Macedonia.

198. Rebellavit, rebelled, i. e. renewed the war against Rome.

Rex. What king ? Bcderet, dedidernnt ;from dedo. Remornm

ordiacs, banks of oars. These were arranged, one above another, so

that the oars belonging to the highest ordo, or bank, were much longer

than those belonging to the lowest. War-vessels generally had three

banks, and were accordingly called triremes (tres, remi\ but it was no

uncommon thing to see vessels with four or five banks, and some are

said to have had thirty or forty. Ante cnrrum, before the chariot, 71i. e. of the conqueror. In the triumphal procession, the captives and

spoils preceded the chariot of the victor, while the victorious armyfollowed it.

199. Snsccptam CSt ;from suscipio. Ibi, there, i. e. in Africa.

Per Scipioneu. What is the common construction for the Agent of

passive verbs ? 414, 5. Tribnnns, tribune, an officer in the army

commanding a part of a legion. The number of tribunes to each legion

was at first three or four, afterward six. Nepotetn, grandson, but

only by adoption. He was the son of Aemilius Paulus, the celebrated

general, who conquered Macedonia. See above (198).

200. Qnam , . . esset . . . nomcn, when now the name of Scipio

was (or, had become) great ; XXIV. 2, 1). Missus; supply est.

Accrrinie defensam, lit. most valiantly defended ; render, though (it was)most valiantly defended. Facta

; supply cst. Plzmnia, very many

128 LATIN READEK.

PAGE

^1 things, referring especially to the works of art, statues and votive

offerings, which the Carthaginians had taken from the temples of the

conquered cities in Sicily.

72 201. Exortam cst ;from cxorior. Civitate. Logically this is

in apposition with Numantia implied in Numanfinis. Victns; sup-

ply est. Paccfi} infamcm. The terms were that Numantia should

remain free and independent. Tradi ; depends upon jussit in the

line above. Militcm;

lit. soldier, the individual representing the

class; render, soldiery.- Corrcsit ;

from corrigo. Partiin par-

tim ;lit. partly partly ; render, either or. These words may, how-

ever, be often best rendered by some others, followed by of. Thus, he

captured some of the many cities of Spain and accepted others, etc.

la deditioncm aeeepit. See note on the same (193).

202. Anno urbis conditae . . . sexto, in the six hundred and sixty-

sixth year from, or after (lit. of) thefounding of the city. Urbis con-

dltae is here equivalent to post urbem condltam (185), or ab urbe con-

dita (207). Roiaac. What case would have been used, if this had

been a noun of the third declension ? 421, II. Mithridatienm5 sup-

ply bcllum. Marius, Snliae. These generals were the leaders of

rival political parties. Marius was supported by the common people

and Sulla by the nobles. Adversns Mithridateai. This limits bcl-

lum, 398, 4. Qnuffl . . . decretnia essct;the meaning is : when (he

management of the war had been entrusted to him by a decree of the

Senate. The Subjunctive is here rendered according to XXIV. 2, 1). *

Decretum essct;from decerno. El, i. e. Sdlae. Qunra turn.

Usual meaning, not only but also ; both and, etc.;render here either

or. Compositis ;from compano. Profectus est

;from projicis-

T3 cor. Asia, qn&m invascrat. Not all Asia, but that portion of it which

he had invaded, referring especially to those portions of Asia Minor

west of his own dominions.

203. In Graecia et Asia. Mithridates, emboldened by his success

in Asia Minor, had sent an army into Greece. Athens and Thebes

were at this time in his possession. Fngatns facrat. Marius had

been for some time in concealment. Unns CX, one of; lit. one from.

Ingrcssi *,from ingrcdior. Multos prest'ripserunt, proscribed

many. In the civil wars, Sulla caused lists of the names of those per-

sons whom he wished to have killed to be exposed to public inspection.

Those whose names were on these lists were outlawed or proscribed,

and any one might slay them and claim a reward;their property was

confiscated, and their descendants were excluded from all offices of

honor and trust. See Smith's Diet, of G. and 12. Antiquities ; also

Schmitz's Hist, of Home. Compulcrnnt ;from compdlo. San-

guine. Gender? Civium. Genitive plural, how formed ? 89,3,1).

NOTES. 129

PAOB

De, lit. concerning ; render in this instance, over. Italicnm, 73cmlc ; supply bcllum. Socialc dictum cst ;

this is the predicate of

the relative clause. Viros consulares, men who had been consuls, i. e,

men of consular rank or dignity =cx-consuls. The consuls, it will be

remembered, were two in number, were elected for one year, and had

all the powers of king. See note on " Consules"

(169). Praetorios,

those who had been praetors. When the office of praetor was first insti-

tuted, only one was appointed, who was to act as a kind of third consul

with the leading part in the administration of justice ;about a century

later a second was added, called praetor percgrinus, to administer jus-

tice among foreigners and strangers resident at Eome. The number of

praetors was increased from time to tune, until at the beginning of the

civil wars of Sulla and Marius, it was six;and in the dictatorship of

Sulla it was raised to eight. See Smith's Diet, of G. and It. Antiqui-

ties, and Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Aedilitios, those who had been aedilcs.

The aediles (from aedes} were Roman magistrates who had charge of

the public buildings, highways, etc., and acted as city police. Theywere at first two in number, afterwards more. See Smith's Diet.

Scnatores. The Roman senate (from scnex) was regarded as a body of

elders or fathers (patres). The number was at first 100 (see 158), then

200 (see 163), and finally 300, which continued to be the number until

the time of the civil wars between Sulla and Marius. The number was

then increased to 500 or 600 by the election of a large body of Roman

knights. See Smiths Diet.

204. Commotntn est ;ftomtommoveo. Gladiatorcs. Gladiators

were men who fought for the amusement of the Roman people. Theyconsisted mostly of prisoners, slaves, and malefactors; they were

trained in the skilful uso of weapons at schools established for the pur-

pose (ludo gladiatorio}. Capnae, at Capua. Hannibal; subject 74

of movit understood. Centraxernnt;from contra/to : explain for-

mation of the Perfect; 248, I. 1. Yicenmt;from vinco. Pro-

consnlc. The proconsul, as the name implies, was one who acted with

the power of a consul. Those who had been consuls (viri consularcs)

were often allowed to assume the government of provinces, and to ex-

ercise in these provinces all the powers of a consul; they were then

called proconsuls. Staliae. Is this genitive objective, or subjective?

896, II.

205. Per ilia tempera. How could tempera be governed without

the preposition ? 378. Per makes the idea of duration more promi-

nent, throughout those times. Maria;rule for ending of Norn. Plur. ?

88, II. 2. Id feellnra, thin war, i. c. that against the pirates.- De-

cretnm est jfrom dccerno. For the meaning see note on " Quum ....

dfcrltum asset" (202). -Meases; give gender, 106, 2. Contra

130 LATIN EEADEK.

PAGE

74 rcgCEl. This limits bettum. Quo snsccpto, lit. which having been

undertaken; render, having undertaken this ; 431, 2, (3). Tantnm,only. Coactns

;from cogo. Ilansit

;from haurio. Hime Titae

fincnii For the order of these words, see 598, 3, and for their positionat the beginning of the sentence, see 594, I.

206. llle se ei. What nouns are represented by these pronouns ? ".

5 Dedid.it;from dcdo. Grandi petunia, a large sum of money,

according to Plutarch, 6,000 talents, more than $6,000,000.* ; :

dam libertato donavit. What two constructions occur ? 384, 1.-

Qnia . . . tnlcrat ; quod . . . recepisset. These are both causal cl;

The first,, with the Indicative, states the reason as a, fact, while the se-

cond, with the Subjunctive, implies that the reason was assigned %Pompey. 520. Oecisis 5

from occldo. His gestis, lit. by means

of these things done, i. c. by these achievements, Abl. of Means, 414, 4. ^

Antiqnissiino bello* This war continued nearly thirty years.~"

Ante triumpbantis enrrnm, lit. before the chariot of (him) triumphing ;

render, before his chariot, as he triumphed, referring to the triumphal

procession. Filii Mitbridatis. They were five in number. In-

finitam pondns. According to Plutarch, this amounted to 20,000

talents, more than $20,000,000. Orbcm tcrrarnizi, strictly the vorlJ,

but sometimes used by the Romans with special reference to the Ro-

man Empire.207. Ciccrcne ct Antonio ccnsulilms, lit. Cicero and Antony (being)

consuls : render, when Cicero and Antony iccre consuls, or, in the con-

sulsh'tp of Cicero, etc. Beprcbcnsi; from dcprchcndo. Supplysunt from the next clause.

208. Qaniil .... dccreta CSSCt, ichcn. Gaul had been assigned to him

by decree, i. e. as a military province ; XXIV, 2, 1). Yincendo prc-

TO CCSiit, proceeded by conquering, i. c. advanced victoriously.- Gceannra

British Ocean, i. c. the English Channel. Gniiicia Gal-

qnac 9etc. Not all Gaul, but that portion which is bounded as

described. Jfc noisen quidem, not even the name ; C02, III. 2.

Cognitnm ;from cognosco.

209. AbscnSt It was unlawful for a general, while in command of

an army, to offer himself as a candidate for the consulship, and indeed

for any one to do so while absent from PiOmc. Caesar was both absent

from Rome and in command of an army. QnCBi qnnm . . . dcfer-

rcntj COHtradictaDi CSt, etc., u'hcn many would confer this, etc., opposi-

tion (or, objection) was made. Dimissis;from dimitto. Transiit ;

from tranKco. BictatorCCl. See note on " Dictatoris "(178).

210. Untie, thence, \. c. from Rome. liispanias, Spam. The

plural is often used, as the country was divided into two parts, viz.

cilcrivr, on this side of the Ebro, i. e. on the side toward Rome, and

NOTES. 131

PAGa

ulterior, beyond the Ebro. Bfec .... snpcrari* This entire clause 76is the object of dixit. 650. Jfec, and not, 587, I. 2. Yincere.

This is the object of scire ; Caesar said that Pompey did not know

(what ?) to conquer, or how to conquer. Ingentibns .... comraissis,

with great forces engaged on both sides. Pngnatnm est, the battle icas 77

fought. Direpta sunt ;from diripio. A rege Aegypti. This king

was the last of the Ptolemies and the brother of Cleopatra. Occidit ;

slew, though not with his own hands. He employed men to do it.

Gcneri. Pompey had married Julia, the daughter of Caesar;while she

lived, she was, of course, a strong bond of union between the two, but

she had died six years before the battle of Pharsalia.

211. Qna de causa, for which cause. For the order of words, see

602, II. 1. Pompeianamra .... reliquias, the remnant of Pompey's

party.- Insclentins agere. He allowed himself to be proclaimed con-

sul for ten years, imperator and dictator for life. This was a virtual

overthrow of the Roman Republic. Conjoratnm est; a conspiracy

was formed. Sexaginta Tel amplins, sixty or more. Inter conja-

ratCS5

lit. among the having conspired, i. e. among the conspirators.

Bmii dno ; viz. Marcus and Decimus. lllius Brnti. See above

(169). Regibns expnlsis, lit. the kings having been banished; ren-

der, after the banishment of the kings. Quillll . . . VCflJSSCt ;XXIV.

2, 1). Confossns est ;from confodio.

212. Interfecto ;from intcrficio. A Caesaris partibas stabat, 78

favored the party of Caesar (stood by the party, etc.). Magistcr

c r<uiiam. See note on "Magistro cquitum

"(178). Sasccptas Ct ;

from suscipio. Octayianns. He was the son of Octavius, but was

adopted by Julius Caesar, with the name Octavianus Caesar. Patris

Sill,i. e. his father by adoption, Julius Caesar. Extorsit

jfrom ex-

torqueo. Ut . . . daretur. This clause expresses both the direct

object of extorsit and the purpose of the action : Caesar extorted (what ?)

that the consulship should be given, and (for what purpose ?) in order

that it might be given. See 492, 1. Vigintt aanorirm. The age re-

quired by law was forty-three. -lunctns; from jungo. Proecrip-

sit. See note on "Proscripslrunt

"(203). Per lies. By whom ?

213. Profecti. This is in the plural to agree with Octavianus ct

Antonius. Secnndo $ supplyproelio. InfinUam nobilitatcra, qnae,lit. the infinite nobility, which ; render, the countless nobles, who.

Yictam iilterfeeernnt, lit. they slew (them) being conquered ; render,

they conquered and slew. See 579. Hispanias* See note on this

word (210). Galiias. The plural is used because the Romans divided 79the country into two parts, viz. Gallia ulterior or Transa^pma, or Gaul

beyond the Alps ; and Gallia citerior or Cisalplna, or Gaul on this

side of the Alps ; i. e. on the sido toward Rome.

132 LATIN EEADEE.

T9 214. Kepndifita sorore. Antony had married Octavia, tlie sister of

Octavianus.-Uxorem duxit, married, lit. lead as wife. The language

is explained by the fact that the bride was usually conducted to her

new home by her husband and friends. See note on " Nubere" (152-).-Qni locus. The relative here has only the force of an adjective.-DesperatiS rebus, lit. things having been despaired of ; render, as

Ms cause was desperate (or hopeless).-Intercmit

;from interimo.-

Ex CO ittde terapcre, from this time, or from this time forth. Inde

need not be translated.-Ante; Adverb, before, or previously.

GEECIAN HISTOEY.

J 215. PugKae .... faccrent, did not give him an opportunity of

coming to an engagement. XXI \r . 2, 1). Ponte Istri, the bridge

over the Ister, i. e. the Danube;

lit. the bridge of the Ister. Qaumrediisset

;XXIV. 2, 1) ; 518, II. Eique. Ei refers to the fleet.

216. Praefecti regii, the royal commanders, i. e. Datis and Arta-

phernes. ippulsa ;from appello. In Campnm Marathona, into

81 the plain of Marathon. For ending a, see. 93, 1. Ab oppido, fromthe city, i. e. from Athens. Circiter .... dcccin* The distance by

any suitable road was somewhat greater than this. Ea, this, i. e. this

state; supply civitas. Dceem .... complete Snnt, the number of ten

thousand armed men was completed, or filled up. . Thus there were 9000

Athenians and 1000 Plataeans. Sab mentis ittdicibns, at the base of.

the mountain. Coiamiscrunt 5from committo. Sms

5 for his men,

441, 1. Tanto pins, so much more.

217. Qnum Darius decessisset, when Darius had died; XXIV.

2, 1). Decessisset; from dcccdo. in ipso apparatn, in the midst

of his very preparations, i. c. while actually engaged in preparing for a

second invasion. Ilnjns classis,the feet of this one, i. e. Xerxes

;

render 7iis f-cct. Navium longarnm, ships of war, called longae, be-

cause they were built much longer than the ships of burden (onerariu-

runi). NaYinm .... fait, was of . . . . ships, i. e. consisted of, etc.

De adventa. This is an attributive modifier of fama, the report

of his approach. Pcti, to be aimed at. Miscrunt Bclphos, they

sent to Delphi ; object omitted, sent messengers. The Delphic oracle

was the most famous in Greece. DC rebus SnIs, lit. concerning their

82 things, i. e. for their safety. Id .... Yfilcrct, what this answer

meant. Ut .... ccafcrrcst. This clause is the predicate after c.s.se,

NOTES. 133

PAGH

as it states what the design was. Enm lignenm, for that that 82i

wooden wall was meant, etc., i. e. that that was the wooden wall meant,

etc. Triremes. See note on " Remorum ordines"

(198). Majo-

riibus natn, old or aged men, elders.

218. Ilajns cousiliuDi, the plan of this one, i. e. Thcmistocles.

Delccti, picked men.- Qui occnparent; XXIV. 3, 2. Tner-

mopylas. Thermopylae is a narrow pass between Locris and Thessaly,

immortalized as the scene of one of the most remarkable instances of

heroic daring and self-sacrifice recorded in history, that of Leonidas and

his three hundred Spartans, here mentioned. Barbados, Barbarians,

1. e. the Persians. The term was applied to all who were not Greeks.

Non sasthmcnmt. They were unable to resist the overwhelmingforce brought against them, but they pettbrmed prodigies of valor unsur-

passed in the annals of war. Classis .... navinra, the common

feet of Greece(i. e. the fleet of all Greece), consisting of, etc. An-

gnstias. The narrow channel, Eurlpus, between Boeotia and Euboea,is here meant. Ancipiti pericnlo, by a double danger, i. e. by being

confined in the channel with one foe in front and another in the rear.

-ExildTCrsnin Athcnas, over against Athens. Exadversum, like ad-

rcrsum, admits the Accus., 433.

219. Thertnopylis ;see above (218). Astn, the city, i. e. Athens.' 3

The word is often thus applied. Idqne, and this, i. c. the city of

Athens.sx^Cnjns, of this, i. e. of the burning of the city. Tliemis-

tsi'les aims rcstitit, Themistocles alone stood firm, objected. tlniver-

SOS, all together,. united. Idqne .... affirmabat, lit. he affirmed to

Eurybiades that this would be, etc., i. e. he assured him that this would

be the result. SnmmaCj dative depending upon praecrat. 3SG.

De SCms snis, quCK3,<tc., one of his servants, whom, etc. Suis ver-

fcis,in his words, i. e. in his name, from him. Nuntiaret. This

verb has d as its indirect object, and all the rest of the sentence after

verbis as its direct object. 650. Confccturum ; supply cum, refer-

ring to the king. Oppressnrnm ;from opprlmo. Hoc eo Yalebat,

the object of this icas. Barbarns, barbarian, meaning Xerxes.

Contra, on the contrary, on the other hand. Explicari, to be unfold-

ed, i. e. to be brought into successful action.

220. Hie etsi .... gesserat, although he (Xerxes) had fought an

unsuccessful battle; 516, III. It .... posset llCStes*,XXIV.

2, 5). Ab eodem, by the'same one, \. e. Themistocles : codcm, it 4must be observed, does not belong to gradu. Gradu, fnmi his po-

sition. Certiorem fecit;XXVI. 1. Id agi, lit. that it was doing ;

render/was in contemplation. In Uellesponto, over the Hellespont.> Reversns CSt ;

from rcverto, revertor, Dep. in certain forms. See

273, III. verto. Unins virij of one man, i. e. Themistocles.

134 LATIff READER.

PAGE

84 221. tyuaxL=postquam ; 427, 3. Interfectas est, destroyed, cut

in pieces.

222. Perilis. Pericles, a distinguished orator and statesman of

Athens, directed the counsels of state for many years. The period in

which he lived is famous in Grecian history as the "Age of Pericles.'

1 ''

85 Interjectis 5from interjicio. Clara ; observe its position ;

594,1. Patriraonii contemptns, disregard of patrimony, referring

to the fact that he gave his ancestral estates to the republic, as ex-

plained below. Hostes ; subject of reliquerant. In saspkionemaddncerent

; supply eum ; that they might bring him into suspicion of

treachery. Navali .... dimkatnm est, lit. it was fought, etc.;

render, a naval battle was fought. Non nisi, lit. not if not, or un-

less ; render, not more than, or only.

223. Decernitur, is decreed, or authorized. Effnsac SUttt ;from

effundo. Ut . . . esscnt ; XXIV. 2, 5). lis, qnibus ;i. e. to the

Catinienses. Secundo Blartc pngnant, lit. theyfght, Mars being pro-

pitious ; render, they fight a successful battle, or successfully. Ab his,

by these, i. e. the Lacedaemonians. Contracts;from contraho.

6 224. Triremes. See note on " Remorum ordines" (198). In

hostinm potestatcm, into the power of the enemy. In is construed with

potestdtem. Observe separation, 602, II. 3. Simul cum, at the sametime with, or simply with. Sitae snnt

$from sino. Quam pluri-

mas. Quam before a superlative is intensive, and is often best ren-

dered by possible ; as, quam plurimas, the greatest possible number, as

many as possible, or sometimes very many. fteque minus multas,lit. nor less many=and not less many and as many more.

225. Darius* This was Darius the Second, and not the one spoken87 of above (2 15). Ut .... mitterent ;

XXTV. 2, 5). In

locum, lit. into the place of; render, to take the place of, to succeed.

226. It numcrus .... explerctur, that the number .... might

befitted, i. e. to raise the required number of soldiers. Coacti sunt;from cogo. Proeliis adverse Martc pugnatis, lit. battles fought, Mars

being adverse ; render, having lost battles, or having fought unsuccess-

fully. Res .... inclinata est. The power of the Athenians was

utterly overthrown by this defeat. The figure involved in the verb

incllno, to incline, fall, is that of a building leaning and readyto fall.

227: Ncmea Athcniensium, the Athenian name Hie Athenian state

or nation.-* Ncgarnnt .... passuros, lit. denied that they would.

permit ; render, said that they would not permit. PassuTCS. "What

is the object ? 554, III. Duobus Ocnlis, the two eyes , these were

Athens and Sparta. Longi niuri brachia. Reference is here made-

to the long walls which connected Athens with its ports. Triginta

NOTES. 135

PAGE

rectorcs. These are known in history as "TJie Thirty Tyrants" S'J'

Dcditi, devoted to, i. e. to ihe interests of.

228. Thrasybulus. See note on "Thrasybulo

"(136). Quod.

This relative, it will be observed, does not agree with its antecedent

Phylen, but with the Predicate noun castellum ; 445, 4. Triginta

dc snis, lit. thirty from (of) his ; render, thirty of his associates, or

thirty associates.

229. Idem imperator, the same, i. e. Epaminondas, when commander,

303, 3. Boeotii, the Boeotians. They were the inhabitants of Boeo-

tia, north of Attica, of which Thebes was the chief city. Ex hastili,

from the spear. The iron point, separated from the shaft, had re-

mained in the flesh. Extraxisset ;from extraho. Yicisse Boeo-

tics, that the Boeotians (his own men) had conquered.

230. Lenctricam pngaara, the battle of Leuctra. This battle des- 9troyed the power of Sparta and made Thebes the leading state in

Greece, but Thebes speedily lost the supremacy after the death of Epa-

minondas. AtliCflifiDses, UGH ut oliin. Formerly Athens had been

eminent in war and had been for many years the leading state in

Greece, but of late the sterner virtues had disappeared from the Athe-

nian character, and the love of ease, luxury, and festivity had taken

their places. Thus Athens, Sparta, and Thebes, each of which had

been in turn the leading state in Greece, had now become weak and

degenerate. This state of things enabled Macedonia to rise to power,as mentioned in the next sentence. Obscs .... ThebiSt In the

year 369 B. C., when the power of Thebes was supreme in Greece,

Amyntas, king of Macedonia, had been obliged to send his son Philip

as a hostage to that powerful capital.

231. Auraria; supply mctalla from the next clause. Argcnti

.... Thracia. There were also gold mines in Thrace near Philippi.

232. Din dissimnlatani. He had long intended to make war upon 00Athens, but had from policy concealed that intention. Qnorniaeassae .... juRXcrtmi, to' whose cause the Thcbans had joined them-

selves, i. e. with whom they had allied themselves. Osssa, though ;

616, II. AssidttiS belSlS ilMlnrata, hardened, or strengthened by con-

tinual wars. Philip had -a well-disciplined army cf veterans, long ac-

customed to severe and constant service. Advcrsis vnlnerifoBS. See

note on the same (181). Sic dies .... finivit. The battle of

Cbaeronea reduced Greece to a Macedonian province.

233. Enjus victcrtee .... hsciltfa, lit. joy of this victory ; ren-

der, joy on account of this victory. Coronas, RiigGCKtn* The Greeks

often made use of crowns, garlands, ointments, and perfumes on joyousjincl festive occasions. Qnsntttin. .... fait, lit. as much as was in

him ; render, as far as was i:t. /;?> power. Ut .... yietcrem

136 LATIN READEE.

PAGE

9O .... SCiltiret, that no one would recognize the victor, i. c. the fact that

lie was such. Sello COHSnmpterfiai, of those slain in war, or battle.

Consumptcrwn is used substantively ; 575. Ad formaudnui ....siatcni, lit. to form the slate of present things ; the meaning is, to ad.

just or settle the posture of affairs. Anxilia, the quotas, i. e. the

quotas which the several states were to furnish.- Erat;the subject

is the clause, cum .... esse ; 549. Snis; supply viribus.

01 234. JUedins inter dnos, in the middle between the two, or simply,

between the two. Medius is explained by inter duos. Gccupatls an-

gnstiis. He had deliberately placed himself in a narrow passage with

the determination to slay the king as he passed. Ab Attalo, by At-

tains, one of Philip's generals. Adversarinni, his adversary, mean-

ing Attains. Noa potcrat; supply cxigerc. Ab miquo jndiec,

from the unjust judge, meaning Philip.

235. DeceptiS licstlbus, lit. in the deceived enemy ; render, in dcceiv.

ing the enemy. 580. Gandere, rejoiced, Historical Infinitive, of

which several other examples occur in this paragraph. Ilic ; sup-

ply gaudtre. Fnsis ; supply hostlbus. !iic .... cxcrcebat, the

latter was wont to exercise his royalpower upon, or against, Jvis friend*.

Aniari; depends upon malle. llctni

; supply malle. Seller-

&2 tiae pater ; supply erat. IHc .... abstincbat, he did not abstain

from (i.e. from oppressing or annoying) even his allies. Nec=rf

non, is here rendered not even. QuibiiS artibas, by these arts, refer-

ring to the enumeration just given of the characteristics of the father

and son, Philip and Alexander.

236. Caedis conscios .... ocddi jnssit. It was a common custom

in antiquity thus to slay murderers and assassins upon the graves of

their victims, to appease the shades, or spirits, of the dead. In the

same way, in war, prisoners were often slain over the graves of fallen

heroes. Sibi .... praeiatas. There is no little ostentation in this

statement. It was of course made for effect. OpCSt Object of

cogitubant understood; construed literally, the passage would read

thus: they thought of nothing if not the riches, i. e. if they did not think

of the riches, etc.; render, they thought of nothing except the, etc.

In Ilio, in Ilium, i. e. in the district, not in the city ; hence the Abla-

tive with in, not the Genitive, as in the rames of towns. Tumnlos

licrcnaj. In the vicinity of Troy, mounds are still pointed out as the

burial places of herccs, who three thousand years since fell in the

Trojan war.

2:)*7. Parccndcm snis rebcs. Alexander thus inspires his soldiers

with courage and confidence. He speaks of the country as already

93 his and theirs. la excrcita .... daae. Observe that the copula-

live connectives arc omitted between the several subject?. Yeteranes,

NOTES. 137PAGE

veterans, used substantively, 441. Electos; supply esse. In cam- 93

pis Adrastiae, in the plains of Adrastia, in the vicinity of the river

Granicus, from which the battle took its name : battle of the Granicus.

238. Defunct! ; from defungor. Confossi ;from confodio.

Ad hoc ipsum,/or this very purpose. Omncs aate emn reges, lit. all 94before him kings, i. e. all the kings before him, or before his time.

239. MlhiJ ex .... Aegyptiorum more. Alexander was careful not

to give offence by disregarding the customs of the country. Jovis

Ammonis oracnlnm. The oracle of Jupiter Ammbn was one of the

most celebrated in the world. Sedem consecratani deo. This was

situated in a beautiful oasis of the Libyan desert. Parentem Jovcm,

parent or father Jupiter, i. e. 7m- father Jupiter. Thus the priest, per-

ceiving his ambitious vanity, flattered him with the title son of Ju-

piter. Pareutem ejns, his parent, i. e. Jupiter. The priest still

continues his flattery. Aa anetor \ . . . eelendi .... regem, lit. whe- 95ther he, i. e. Jupiter, would be to them the author of worshipping the

king with divine honors, i. c. whether he would authorize them to wor-

ship their king with divine hornors.

240. Nobilem, famous. ^Qaln . . ,\. essct oecisns, that Hie king

himself was slain ; XXVI. 6.

241. Spe libertatis. Greece, it iill be remembered, lost its

independence by the battle of Chaeronea.\See above (232).

242. Cni gloriae, this glory, i. e. that of conquest and empire. 96243. Recedeatem; supply eum.

ftfvitat, invites, i. e. inviteshim to drink with him. Tt pOSCCFCt ; XXIV. 2, 5). Inter

bibendani, while drinking.244. Aeacidarum. Alexander was, by his mother, a lineal descend-

ant of Acacus, the grandfather of Achilles. Smc nllo .... argn-raento, without any mark of a more sad mind, i. e. without any indica-tion of unusual sadness. -DigaissianHH. Adjective jjsed- sttbstan- 97tively ; object of facerc understood. Judicio, % a 'tacit decision,

opposed to voce.

245. Qao die=r<fo, quo, the day, on vhich. Here the relative mustnot be rendered according to 453.

-^Iterins altering, the one theother. Belli IHyilci, that of the lllyriyn ivar, i. e. the victory gainedin it. Certaminis Olympiad. See noWn

"

kOlymplco ccrtamme "

(134). pner? wjlcn , a boy ; SC3, 3. Qnadrfgas. Chariots andhorses were often sent to the Olympic games to contend for the

prizes. Aristotele magistro. Philip placed the youthful Alex-ander under the special instruction of Aristotle, the celebrated philo-sopher of Athens. Both teacher and pupil have left names famous in

the annals of the world. Taiitara fidneiam fecit, he inspiredhis soldiers ivith such confidence.

.

OLATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

For Explanation of References and Abbreviations, seepage ix.

A. An abbreviation of Aulus.

A, ab, abs, prep, with abl. From, by.

Ab-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead

away, take away, remove.

Ab-eo, Ire, wi, or ii, itum. To go

away, depart, withdraw from. 295.

Ab-hinc, adv. Henceforth, from this

tune, before, ago, since.

Abjicio, cre,jcci, jectum, (ab, jacio).

To throw away, throw, reject ;

prostrate, humble.

Abripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (ab, ra-

pio). To take away, carry off.

Ab-rumpo, ere, riipi, ruptum."

T$break offer away, rend, sever.

Absens, entis, part, (absum). Absent.

AbstineOj ere, tinui, tentum, (abs,

teneo). To keep or hold back,abstain from.

Ab-sum, csse, fui. To be absent or

away, to be distant from. 204, 288.

Ab-sum o, ere, sumpsi, sumptum. Totake from or away ; destroy, con-

sume.

Ab-wido, are, avi, atum. To abound,abound in, superabound, have an

abundance.-

Ab-utor, iJi, usus sum, dep. To use

up, consume, abuse.

Ac, a shortened form of atquc. And.

Ac si, as if.

Acca, ae, f. Acca, a Roman name.

Acca Laurentia, ae, f. Acca Lau-

rentia, the wife of Faustulus, and

nurse of Konaulus and Remus,

(153).

Accedo, ere, ccssi, cessum, (ad, cedo).

To approach, come to, accede to;

be added to. Accedit, impers., it

is added, there is the additional

fact that.

Accendo, ere, cendi, censuw, (ad,

candeo). To set on fire, kindle;

to excite, inflame.

Acccptus, a, urn, part, (accipio). Ac-

cepted ; acceptable, pleasing.

Accipio, &re, cepi, ceptum, (ad, capio).

To accept, receive.

Accurro, ere, curri, (cucnrri rare),

cursum, (ad, curro). To run to,

hasten to.

Acctiso, are, avi, atum,, (ad, causa).

To call to account, to accuse.

Acer, acris, acre. Sharp ; powerful,

valiant; diligent, intense, severe.

163, 1.

Acerb us, a, um, (acer). Sour, un-

ripe, morose, disagreeable.

Achaia, ae, f. Achaia, an important

110 LATIN EEADEE. [ACHILLES

province in the northern part of

the Peloponnesus.

Acldlhs, is, m. Achilles, the most

celebrated Grecian hero in the

Trojan war, son of Peleus and

Thetis, (134).

Acics, ci, f. The order of battle,

battle array ;line of soldiers

;ar-

my in battle array.

Acquksco, ere, qidtvi, quictum (ad,

quiesco). To become quiet, to re-

pose ;to acquiesce in.

Acr'ltcr, acrins, accrrlme, adv. (acer).

Vehemently, valiantly. 305.

Atiinm, ii, n. Actium, a promontoryand town at the entrance of the

Ambracian Gulf on the western

coast of Greece, celebrated for the

victory of Augustus over Antonyand Cleopatra, (214).

Acuo, ere, id, utum. To sharpen,

quicken; stimulate.

Acutus, a, um, part. (acuo). Sharp-

ened, pointed, sharp, acute, intel-

ligent, clear-sighted. .

Ad, prep, with ace. To, towards;until

; at, near.

Ad-do, crc, dldi, dllum. To add,

carry to, appoint to.

Ad-d'ico, ffzc, duxi, ductum. To lead

to, conduct, bring, induce.

Ad-co, adv. So, ko such an extent.

Ad-co, ire, ivi or ii, \lurn. To go

to, approach, visit; encounter.

205.

, ,i'lv. Thus far, as yet, even

vet; stilC

,t>r, Tin', uiiptn.ni, (ad, cmo).

'!':; take from, deprive of.

oT) d, odeptus sum, dcp. (ad,

apiseor). To obtain, get :

sion of.

Adjitio, ere; jcci; jedum, (ad, jacio).

To throw or cast to or against, addto

;animum

adjicere, to direct or

give attention to.

Ad-jungo, fre, junxi, junction. To

join to, unite with.

Adjutor, oris, m. (adjuvo). Aid,

helper, assistant.

Ad-juvo,-are,juvi,jiituw. To help,

assist, support.

Ad-ministro, are, avi, atitm. To ad^

minister, manage.

Ad-mirabllis, e. Admirable, won-

derful.

Ad-iniratio, onis, f. (admirer). Ad-

miration, respect.

Adniiror, ari, ulus sum, dep.. (ad,

miror). To admire, wonder at.

Ad-milto, crc, misi, Inissum. To send

to or forward, to admit, receive.

Admodum, adv. (ad, modus). Very,

exceedingly.

Ad-moneo, ere, ui, Iturn* To admon-

ish, w/irn.

Admomtus, us, m. (admonco). Warn-

ing, advice; instigation.

Ad-movco, ire, movi, mat/cm. To

move to, apply to, bring to.

Adolescens, entis, adj. and subs., in.

and f. (adolesco). Young, grow-

ing ;a young man, a youth.

Adolcsccntia, ae, f. (adolescens).

Youth.

Ad-olcsco, crc, olli'i, ultum. To grow,

grow up, increase.

Ad-opto, arc, <?;;, fifum. To choose,

adopt.; take for a son, daughter,

etc.

Ad-orior, iri, ortus sian, dcp. To at-

tack, attempt, strive; begin. 286, 2.

o, arc, clH, atum. To adorn,

furnish, equip.

AEQUUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

Adrastla, ae, f. Adrastia, a district

and city of Mysia, (237).

Adspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (ad,

specie). To see, look at, behold.

Ad-slo, are, stlti, statum. To stand

near, stand by.

Ad-sum, esse, fui. To be present

or at hand, assist, stand by. 204,

288.

Adulatio, onis, f. Adulation, flat-

tery.

Advectus, a, um, part, (adveho).

Brought, carried to.

Ad-veho, ere, vexi, vectum. To con-

duct, convey, import.

Ad-venio, ire, vcni, venlum. To come

to, arrive.

Adventus, us, m. (advenio): Arrival,

approach.

Advcrsarius, a, t^m.adj. (adversus).'

Opposite, opposing.

Adversarius, ii, m. subs, (adversus).

Adversary, opponent, antagonist.

Adversus, a, um, part, (adverto). Op-

posite, over against, adverse, hos-

tile; fronting, in front.

Adversus, pr adversum, adv., and

prep, with ace. (adverto). Against,

towards, opposite to.

Aeactdes, ae, m. A patronymic de-

noting a descendant of Aeacus,

who was the grandfather of Achil-

les. The name is often applied to

Achilles; Alexander the Great

also claimed it for himself, (244).

Acdes, or acdis, is, f. Temple intJie

sing. ; but in the plur. dwelling,

habitation, house. 132.

Acdifico, are,um, m,(aedes, facio).

To build.

Acdilitlus, or'

aedilicius, a, um,

(aedes). Pertaining to the aediles.

Aedilitius, i, m., one who has been

aedile. The aediles were Roman

magistrates who had charge of the

public buildings, highways, &c.,

and acted as city police.

Aeglna, ae, f. Aegina, an island

near Attica, (55).

Aegos flumen. Aegospotamos, a

river and town in the Thracian

Chersonesus, noted for the defeat

of the Athenians by Lysander,

(226).

Aegrotus, a, um. Sick, ill, diseased.

Aegyptus, i, f. Egypt, (210).

Aegyptius, a, um, Egyptian ;subs.

Aegyptius, , m., an Egyptian,

(239).

Aemilius, ii, m. The family nameof several distinguished Romans.

Lwcius Aemilius, surnamed Paul-

its, fell in the battle of Cannae,

(191). Another of the same name

conquered Perseus and reduced

Macedonia to a Roman province,

(198).

A&mulus, a, um. Emulous; often

used substantively, as, rival, com-

petitor.

Aeneas, ac, m. Aeneas, a Trojan

prince who after the destruction

of Troy is said to have fled into

Italy and formed a settlement,

(149).

Aequalis, e. Equal, like.

Acque, aequius, aequissime, adv.

(aequus). Equally, similarly.

Aequiparo, are, avi, utum. To

equal, make equal.

Acquitas, atis, f. (aequus). Equality,

equity, justice.

Aequus, a, um. Equal, similar;

just, fair; favorable, propitious.

142 LATIN KEADEK.

Aer, aeris, m. The air, atmo-

sphere.

Aestimo, are, avi, atum. To value,

estimate. Parvl aestimdre, to think

little of, esteem lightly.

Aesiuo, are, avi, atum. To be in

agitation; to be warm, endure

heat.

Adas, atis, f. Age, time of life, life.

Ajftro, ferre, attuli, allatum, (ad,

fero). To bring, carry to, report.

Afficio, ere, fed, fectum (ad, facio).

To affect, influence.

Affigo, ere, fixi, fixum, (ad, flgo).

To affix, fasten to.

Affirmo, are, am, atum, (ad, firmo).

To affirm, confirm, ratify.

Afflidus, a, um, part, (affllgo). Af-

flicted, troubled, prostrated.

Affllgo, ere,flixi, flidum, (ad, fllgo).

To afflict, trouble, overthrow.

Affluo, ere, fluxi, fluxum, (ad, fluo).

To flow toward; overflow, abound

in..

Africa, ae, f. Africa, (200).

Africunus, a, um, (Africa). African.

Also the surname ^gi^en to the

two most distinguished Scipios for

their achievements in Africa du-

ring the Punic wars, (196, 200).

Ager, agri, m. Field, land, terri-

tory.

Agesildus, i, m. Agesilaus, a Spar-

tan king, (96).

Agger, eris, m. Mound, rampart,

wall.

r>or, i, gressus sum, dep. (ad,

:

or). To approach, attack,

attempt.

A[/is, idis, m. Agis, king of the

Lacedaemonians in the time of

Alexander the Great, (241).

Agitdtus, a, um, part, (agito). Agi-

tated, troubled.

Agito, are, am, atum. To harass,

trouble, think of.

Agmen, mis, n. (ago). An army,

generally on the march, band of

soldiers, troop.

Agnosco, ere, novi', nitum, (ad,

(g)nosco). To recognize.

Ago, ere, egi, adum. To conduct,

drive, do, act, execute, treat, ar-

gue; annum vicesimum agerc, to

be in his (or her) twentieth year.

Agricula, ae, m. (ager, colo). Hus-

bandman, farmer.

Agricultura, ae, f. Agriculture.

Agrigentum, i,n. Agrigentum, a

large and wealthy town in Sicily.

Agrippa, ae, m. A family name

nmong the Romans. Menenius

Agrippa induced the people whohad revolted at Eome and taken

up their quarters upon Mons Sacer

to return into the city, (173).

Aio, ais, ait, etc., defect. To say,

affirm. 297, II. 1.

Ala,ae,f. Wing.

Alacer, cris, ere. Active, prompt,

joyful.

Alba, ae, f.;or Alba Longu, ae, f.

A city of Latium founded by As-

canius, (150).

Albunus, a, um. Alban. MonsAl-

buii?;.?,

a rocky mountain sixteen

miles southeast of Home, (150).

;, ?',m. An Alb;in, a citizen

of Alba, (151).

All>m, <i,"dm . Whits.

fcs, -',?,m. ALibiades, au

Athsnian general in the Pelopon-

nc.sian v.-a,-, (223-225).

Alexander, dri, m. Alexander. The

AMPLUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

most distinguished of this name

was the sou and successor of

Philip, king of Macedonia, (235-

245). A second of the same name

was king of Epirus and son-in-law

of Philip, (234). ;j?XQgpAlexandria, ae, f. jllWKiMria, a

celebrated city of Egypt, built byAlexander the Great

; (239).

Algeo, ere, alsi. To be cold, to feel

cold, endure cold.

Alias. Otherwise, at another time;

non alias, on no other occasion.

Alienus, a, urn, (alius). Belonging

to another, foreign ;unfavorable.

AUquando. At some tune, once,

formerly, finally, now at last.

Aliquantum, adv. Somewhat, in

some degree.

Aliquis, qua, quod, and quid, (alius,

quis). Some one, some.

Aliquot, indecl. pi. adj. Several,

some.

Aliter, adv. (alius). Otherwise.

Alius, a, ud, (gen. alms, etc.) Other,

another;alius alius, one an-

other : alii alii, some others,

(149).

Allia, ae, f. The river Allia, a few

miles north of Rome, (176).

Alloquor, loqui, cutus sum, dep.

(ad, loquor). To speak to, ad-

dress.

Alo, ere, alui, alitum or altum. To

support, keep, nourish, strengthen,

feed.

Alpcs, ium, f. The Alps, a high

range of mountains north of

Italy.

Alte, ius, istfime, adv. (altus). On

high, high.

Alter, era, erum, (gen. alterius). One

of two, the other; alter alter,

the one the other;

alter as

numeral = second. 149, 149, 2.

Altus, a, urn. High, noble, great ;

deep, profound ;altum substan-

tively, the sea, the deep.

Amabllis, e, (amo). Lovely, amia-

ble.

Ambio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum, (amb, or

ambi, eo). To surround, encom-

pass. 295, 3.

Ambitio, onis, f. (ambio). Can-

vassing, flattery, ambition.

Ambo, ae, o. Both. 176, 2, 2.

Amentia, ae, f. (amens). Folly,

want of reason.

Amicitia, ae, f. (amicus). Friend-

ship.

Amicus, i, m. Friend.

Amicus, a, urn. Friendly, kind.

A-mitio, ere, misi, missum. To send

away, to lose.

Ammon, or Hammon, onis, m. An

appellation of Jupiter as worship-

ped in Africa, (239).

Amnis, is, m. River.

Amo, are, avi, atum. To love.

Amor, oris, m. (amo). Love, affec-

tion, desire;a loved object, dar-

ling.

Amphitheatrum, i, n. Amphithe-

atre, in Rome a circular or oval

building used for public specta-

cles.

Ample, ius, issime, adv. (amplus).

Abundantly, amply.

Amplio, are, avi, alum, (amj.lus).

To enlarge.

Amplius, -adv. (comp. of ample).

More, further.

Amplus, a, um. Ample, spacious,

large.

LATIN KEADEK. [AMULIUS

Amulius, ii, m. Araulius, son of

Procas king of Alba;he was the

brother of Numitor, (152).

An, interrog. particle. Or, whether.

346, II, 2.

Anaxaaoras, ae, m. Anaxagoras, a

distinguished Greek philosopher

of Clazomenae, (112).

Anazarcfius, i, m. Anaxarchus, a

philosopher of Abdera, who ac-

companied Alexander into Asia.

Anceps, ancipitis. Twofold, double.

Anchlscs, ae, m. Anchises, the fa-

ther of Aeneas. 43.

Ancus, ?, m. ;or Ancus Martins, ii,

m. The fourth king of Rome,

(161).

Antjor, 6m, m. Anxiety, care, an-

guish.

Angwtia, ae, f. (angustus), used

mostly in pi. Narrow pass, diffi-

culty ; straits, channel.

Angustus, a, um. Narrow, confined,

contracted, small.

Anima, ae, f. Breath, life.

Animadvert^ ere, verti, versum (ani-

mus, adverto). To notice, observe,

perceive.

Animal, cdis, n. Animal.

Ammus, i, m. Mind, soul, courage.

Anio,'

Anienis, m. The Anio, a

small river of Italy, a tributary of

the Tiber, (173).

Annecto, ere, nexui, nexum, (ad, nec-

to). To tie to, annex, fasten to.

Annulus, or anulus, i, m. Ring.

Annus, i, m. Year.

Annuus, a, um, (annus). Lasting a

year, for a year, annual.

Ante, adv., and prep, with ace. Be-

fore, in respect to place or time ;

formcrlv.

Anlea, adv. (ante, ea). Formerly,hitherto.

Ante-pono, ere, posui, positum. To

place before;to prefer.

Antc-quam, adv. Before, before

that.

Antiaonus, i, m. Antigonus, kingof Macedonia, (121).

Antiochla, ae, f. Antioch, the chief

city of Syria, founded by Scleucus,

and named by him in honor of his

father Antiochus, (206).

Antiochus, i, m. 1. Antiochus the

Great, king of Syria. 2. Antio-

\ chus, the Academic philosopher

and teacher of Cicero, (80).

Ardiputcr, tri, m. Antipater, one of

Alexander's generals ;after the

death of Alexander he received

the government of Greece and

Macedonia, (241).

Ant'iquus, a, um. Ancient, early.

Antistes, itis, m. and f. President;

priest, priestess.

Antonius, ii, m. Antony ;Marcus

Antonius formed a triumvirate

with Octavianus and Lepidus,

(212). Caius Antonius was the

colleague of Cicero in the consul-

ship, (207).

Anxictas, atis, f. Anxiety, solicitude.

Apellcs, is, m. Apelles, a distin-

guished Greek painter in the time

of Alexander the Great, (97).

Apcrte, ius, issime, adv. (apertus).

Openly, publicly.

Apertus, a, um, part, (aperio). Open-

ed; open, free, clear, manifest.

Apollo, inis, m. Apollo, the god of

divination.

Apparatus, us, m. Preparation,

equipment.

ARMENIA] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABTJLAKT. 145

Apparatus, a, um, part. (appSro).

Prepared, ready, equipped.

Appellatio, onis, f. (appello). Name,

title.

Appello, arc, avi, atum, (ad, pello).

To call, name.

Appello, ere,pidi,pulsum, (ad, pello).

To drive to, bring to, induce.

Appelo, ere, petlvi, petit, petltum,

(ad, peto). To long for, strive

after;assail : appetens, entis, de-

siring, desirous of.

ii, m. Appius', a Roman

name. Appitis Claudius, ii, m.,

one of the Decemviri, (26).

Approbo, are, avi, atum, (ad, probo).

To approve, favor.

Appropinquo, are, avi, atum, (ad,

propinquo). To approach, come

near.

Aplus, a, um. Fitted, adapted, suit-

ed, proper.

Apud, prep, with ace. At, near,

among, at the house of, in the

works of (applied to aiilhors).

Apulia, ae, f. Apulia, a province in

southern Italy, (204).

Aqua, ae, f. Water.

Aquila, ae, f. Eagle.

Ara, ae, f. Altar.

Arabs, abis. Arabian;

subs, an

Arabian, inhabitant of Arabia in

Asia, (26).

Ardtrum, i, n. Plough.

Arb'da, orum, n. Arbela, a town in

Assyria, famous for the victory of

Alexander over Darius, (240).

Arbitror, ari, atus sum, dep. To

think, judge, regard.

Arceo, arcere, arcui. To inclose,

restrain, keep from.

Ardea, ae, f. Ardea, a city of La-

thing a few miles south of Rome,

Wi-Ardeo, ere, arsi, arsum. To be on

fire, burn.

Ardesco, ere, arsi. To take fire,

kindle.

Aresco, ere, arui. To become dry,

to dry.

Arethusa, ae, f. Arethusa, a cele-

brated fountain in Sicily, near

Syracuse.

Argenleus, a, um, (argentum). Mado

of silver, of silver.

Argentum, i, n. Silver.

Argos, n. (only in nom. and ace.), or

Argi, arum, m. pi. Argos, the ca-

pital of the province of Argolis in

the Peloponnesus ;the name was

often applied to the province itself

and poetically to all Greece, (96).

Argumentum, i, n. Argument, sign,

mark.

Ariminum, i, n. Ariminum, a town

in Umbria on the Adriatic, (209).

Ariovistus, i, m. Ariovistus, king

of a German tribe in the time of

Caesar, (4*7).

Aristldes, is, m. Aristides, an Athe-

nian general and statesman, re-

nowned for his integrity, (49).

Aristobidus, i, m. A king of Judea,

who was taken fly Pompey and

carried as prisoner to Rome, (206).

Aristotcles, is, m. A distinguished

philosopher, and the teacher of

Alexander the Great, (85, 245).

Anna, Orum, n. pi. Arms, force of

arms.

Armatus, a, um, part. (anno). Armed.

Armenia, ae, f. Armenia, a country

of Asia, divided by the river Eu-

phrates into two unequal parts.

14:6 LATIN EEADEE.

viz. : the eastern, called Armenia

Major, and the western, called

Armenia Minor, (205).

Armilla, ae, f. Bracelet.

Armo, are, avi, atum, (arma). To

arm.

Arripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (ad,

rapio). To seize upon, seize.

Arrogans, anils, part, (arrogo).

Proud, arrogant.

Arrogantia, ae, f. (arrogans). Ar-

rogance, pride.

Arrogo, are, avi, atum, (ad, rogo).

To claim, arrogate.

Ars, arlis, f. Art, skill.

Arlaphernes, is, m. Artaphernes,

nephew of Darius, (215).

Artemisium, ii, n. Artemisium, a

promontory and town on the is-

land of Euboea, (218).

Arius, us, m.; sing. rare. Joint, limb.

Aruns, Aruntis, m. 1. Aruns, the

brother of Tarquin the Proud,

(39, iv.). 2. Aruns, the son of

Tarquin, (170).

Arx, arcis, f. Citadel,

Ascanius, ii, m. Ascanius, the son

of Aeneas, (150).

Asia, ae, f. Asia, (16).

Aslna, ae, m. Asina, a suniame of

Cnaeus Cornelius, who was the

colleague of Duillius in the con-

sulship in the early part of the

firgt Punic war, (185).

Aspis, tdis, f. Asp.

Asporto, are, avi, atum, (abs, porto).

To bear or carry away.

Assignor, scqui, sfcutus sum, dep.

(ad, sequor). To overtake, ob-

tain.

Asseveratio, Onis, f. Declaration,

assertion.

Assiduus, a, nm. Assiduous;

fre.

quent; continual, incessant, con,

stant.

Assiano, are, avi, atum, (ad, signo).

Assign, bestow.

Asto, for ad-sto.

Astrum, i, n. Star, constellation.

Astu, n, indec. City, generally ap-

plied to Athens.

Asylum, i, n. Asylum, place of

refuge.

At, conj. But, yet.

Ater, tra, trum. Dark, black,

gloomy.

Athenae, arum, f. pi. Athens, the

capital of Attica, (227).

Atheniensis, e, adj. (Athenae).

Athenian;

subs. Atheniensis, is,

m., an Athenian, (216).

Atilius, ii, m. Atilius, a Romanname. See Regains.

Atque, conj. And, and also, and

besides; atque atque, both and.

Attains, i, m. Attains, one of Phi-

lip's generals, (234).

Attica, ae, f. An important state in

Greece, (216).

Allicus, a, um, (Attica). Attic,

Athenian;

subs. Attlcus, i, m.

An inhabitant or citizen of At-

tica, (36).

Atficus, i, m. Atticus, a surname of

the Roman, Titus Pomponius, (99).

Attingo, ere, tigi, tacium, (ad, tan-.

go). To attain, touch, enter upon,

undertake, commence.

Attius, ii,m. Attius, a Roman name,

(89).

Attribuo, ere, tribui, tribaium, (ad,

tribuo). To attribute to, ascribe

to, to bestow, to assign, or im-

pute to.

BEXEVOLEXTIA] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

Auclor, oris, m. (augeo). Author,

founder, approver, adviser, au-

thority.

Audorltas, dtis, f. (auctor). Author-

ity, influence.

Audacia, ae, f. (audax). Boldness,

insolence, audacity.

Audax, audacis, (audeo). Bold,

audacious, desperate.

Audeo, ere, ausus mm. To dare, at-

tempt. 272, 3.

Audio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To hear,

listen to.

Aufugio, ere, fugi, fugitum, (ab,

fugio). To flee from;run away

from. 338, 1, ab.

Augeo, ere, auxi, auctum. To en-

large, increase.

Auguror, ari, atus sum, dep. To

augur, predict, foretell.

Augustus, i, in. Augustus, surname

of Octavius Caesar, the first of

the Roman Emperors. This sur-

name was also often applied to

the Emperors, generally, (213).

Aulus, i, m. Aulus, a Roman prae-'

nomen.

Aurarius, a, um, (aurum). Pertain-

ing to gold ;auraria metalla,

gold mines.

Aureus, a, um, (aurum). Made of

gold, golden. [driver.

Auriga, ae, m. and f. Charioteer,

Auris, is, f. Ear.

Aurum, i, n. Gold.

Aui, conj. Or;aut aut, either

or, partly partly.

Auiem, conj. But, moreover.

Auxilium, ii, n. (augeo.) Aid; plur.

auxiliaries.

Avaritia, ae, f. (avarus). Avarice.

Avarus, a, um. Avaricious.

Avenfinus, i, m. The Aventine, one

of the seven hills of Rome, (154).

Avcrto, ere, vcrti, versum, (ab, verto).

To avert, turn from, remove.

Avidus, a, um. Desirous, eager.

Avis, is, f. Bird.

Avus, i, m. Grandfather.

B.

Babylonia, ae, f. Babylonia, a prov-

ince of Syria : also Babylon, the

capital of Babylonia, (243).

Bacchantes, ium, pi. (bacohor). Vo-

taries of Bacchus.

Bacchor, art, atus sum, dep. (Bac-

chus). To celebrate the festival

of Bacchus, to revel. Bacchans,

antis, part, revelling.

Bacchus, i, m. The god of wine,

(19).

Barba, ae, f. Beard.

Barbaras, a, um. Foreign, barbar-

ous, rude.

Barbarus, i, in. Foreigner, bar-

barian.

Beate, ius, isslme, adv. (beatus).

Happily.

Beatus, a, um. Happy.

Belgae, arum. The Belgians, a war-

like people in the north of Gaul,

(25).

Betticosus, a, um, (bellum). War-

like.

Bello, arc, am, Cdum, (bellum). To

carry on war.

Bellum, i, n. War.

Bene, melius, optime, adv. Well.

S05, 2.

Bcneficium, ii, n. (beneficus, frombene, facio). Benefit, favor, kind-

ness.

Bcncvolcntia, ae, f. (benevulens,

LATIN KEADEK. [BEXIGNE

from benc, volo). Kindness, be-

nevolence.

Benigne, ius, i&frne, adv. (benig-

nus). Kindly.

Benignus, a, wwi. Kind, good, be-

nignant.

Bcstia, ae, f. A beast.

Bestiola, ae, f. (bestia). A small

animal, insect.

Bibo, ere, bibi, bibitum. To drink.

Bibulus, i, m. Bibulus, a Romanname

;Lucius Bibulus was Cae-

sar's colleague in the consulship,

(208).

Biduum, i, n. (biduus). A period

of two days.

Biduus, a, urn, (bis, dies). Con-

tinuing two days.

Bicnnium, ii, n. (bis, annus). Aperiod of two years, two years.

B'iformis, e, (bis, forma). Havingtwo forms, biformed.

Bini, ac, a, distribute. Two by two,

two and two. 174, 2.

Bis, adv. Twice.

Bocoiius, ii, m. (Boeotia). A Boeo-

tian, inhabitant of Boeotia in cen-

tral Greece, (229).

Boletus, i, m. Mushroom.

Bonitas, atis, f. (bonus). Goodness,

excellence.

Bonum, i, n. (bonus). Blessing,

prosperity, any good ; pi. bona,

goods, property.

Bonus, a, urn; melior, opttmus.

Good, noble, brave. 165.

Bos, Bovis, m. and f. Ox, cow. 72,

6; 90, 2.

Brachium, ii, n. Arm, fore-arm.

Brevis, c. Short, brief; brevi (tern-

pore), in a short time, shortly.

Britannlcus, a, um, (Britannia,

Great Britain). British, English,

(208).

Britannus, it

m. (Britannia). ABriton, (208).

Brutus, i, m. Brutus, a Romanname. Lucius Junius Brutus was

one of the first consuls of Rome,

(168). Marcus Junius Brutus and

Decimus Junius Brutus acted

prominent parts in the assassina-

tion of Caesar, (211).

Byzantium, ii, n. Byzantium, a

city on the Bosphorus, now Con-

stantinople.

C.

(7. An abbreviation of Caius ; Cn.

of Cnaeus.

\Cado, ere, cecldi, casum. To fall,

fall in battle, perish.

Caccas, a, um. Blind.

Cacdes, is, f. (caedo). Slaughter,

bloodshed.

\Caedo, ere, cecldi, caesum. To cut.

kill, slay.

Caesar, uris, m. Caesar, a surname

of the Julian family ;Caius Julius

Caesar, a distinguished general

and statesman. The title, or sur-

name, Caesar, was also applied

generally to denote the Roman

emperors, (208).

Caius, ii, m. Caius, a Roman name.

See Caesar.

Calamitas, atis, f. Loss, calamity,

disaster.

CalMe, ius, isslme, adv. (callidus).

Shrewdly, skilfully.

Camillus, i, m. Camillus, a distin-

guished Roman general, (176).

Campania, ae, f. Campania, a prov-

ince in Central Italy, (182).

CASTOR] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULAKY.

Campanus, a, um, (Campania). Cam-

panian, of Campania. Subs, a Cam-

panian, (44, 131).

Campus, i, m. A plain, field of

battle.

Cand~idus, a, urn. White, clear,

bright, light.

Caninius, ii, m. Caninius, a Ro-

man consul, (80).

Cannae, arum, f. plur. Cannae, a

village in Apulia, famous for the

great victory of Hannibal over the

Romans, (191).

Canncnsis, e, adj. (Cannae). Belong-

ing to Cannae, of Cannae, (194).

Cano, ere, cecini, cantum. To sing,

sound, crow.

Canto, are, dvi, dtum, (cano). To

sing, play.

Cantus, us, m. (cano). Singing,

song, melody.

Capax, ads, (capio). Capacious,

large, comprehensive, able.

Capesso, ere, Ivi, Uum, (capio). To

take, seize; fugam capessere, to

resort to flight, betake one's self

to flight. 332, 2, 2.

Capillus, i, m. Hair.

Capio, ere, ctpi, captum. To take,

take possession of, hold, receive.

Capitalis, e, (caput). Deadly, mor-

tal, capitule crimen, a capital

crime or offence.

Capitolium, ii, n. Capitol. This

term is applied sometimes to the

temple of Jupiter, and sometimes

to the whole Capitoline Hill, in-

cluding both the temple and the

citadel *of Rome.

Capra, ac, f. ^A she-goat.

Capiivitas, dtis, f. (captlvus.) Cap-

tivity, bondage.

Captivus, a, um, (capio). Captive,

enslaved; substantively, a prison-

er, a captive.

Capius, a, um, part, (capio). Cap-

tured, taken.

Capua, ae, f. Capua, the chief city

of Campania, (204).

Caput, itis, n. Head, capital ; capi-

Us damnare, to condemn to

death.

Career, eris, m. Prison.

Careo, ere, carui, caritum. To be

destitute, be free from, be with-

out.

Carmen, mis, n. A song, poem;

poetry.

Caro, carnis, f. Flesh.

Carpentum, i,n. Chariot, car-

riage.

Carthago, inis, f. Carthage, an an-

cient city in Northern Africa,

(189). Carthago Nova. New-

Carthage, a town in Spain; now

Carthagcna, (194).

Carthaginicnsis, e, adj. (Carthfigo).

Carthaginian ;subs. Carlhagini-

ensis, is, m. a Carthaginian, (185).

Carus, a, um. Dear.

Cassius, ii, m. Cassius, a Romanname. Lucius Cassius, one of (he

accomplices of Catiline, (97,

15). Caius Cassius, one of the

conspirators against Caesar,

(213).

Caste, ius, issime, adv. (castus).

Virtuously, chastely.

Castus, a, um. Chaste, pure.

Castdlum, i, n. dimin. (castrum).

Castle, fortress. 315, 3.

Castor, uris, m. Castor, son of Tyn-

darns and brother of Pollux, (63,

150 LATIN KEADEE. [CASTRA

Castra, drum, n. (pi. of castrum, a

castle). Camp. 132.

Casus, us, m. (cado). Fall, misfor-

tune, chance, accident.

Catilina, ae, m. Catiline. Lucius

Sergius Cat'dma, the notorious

conspirator against the Roman

government, (207).

Catinensis or Catiniensis, is. m. ACatinean, a citizen of Catina, a

city in Sicily, (223).

Cato, onis, m. Cato, the name of

several distinguished Romans.

The most celebrated was Marcus

Porcius Cato, the Censor, (88, 13).

Catulus, i, m. Catulus, surname of

Gains Lutatius, a Roman consul

at the close of the first Punic war,

(188).

Caudlnus, a, um. Caudine; Fi.tr-

culae Caudlnae, the Caudine

Forks, a narrow defile near Cau-

dium, in Italy, (179).

Causa, ae, f. Cause, purpose, busi-

ness, suit at law.

Causidicm, i, m. (causa, dico).

Pleader, advocate; speaker.

Cauies, is, f. A crag, cliff, rock.

Caveo, ere, cavi, cautum. To shun,

avoid, guard against; sibi ab

allquo cavere, to protect one's self

from any one.

Ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To give

place to, yield to, withdraw, de-

part.

Cdcbcr, bris, Ire, Renowned, cele-

^brated.Ccltbro, are, avi, atum, (celebcr).

To celebrate, solemnize.

Celer, celeris. Swift. 163, 1.

Cdcritas, atis, f. (celer). Celerity,

swiftness.

Celeriter, ius, rime, adv. (celer),

Swiftly, quickly. 305, 2.

Cella, ae, f. Store-room, store-

house;

cello, penaria, granary.

Celo, arc, avi, atum. To hide, con-

ceal.

Censeo, ere, censui, censum. To

think, judge, decree.

Censorlnus, i, m. Censorinus, sur-

name of Lucius Marcius, a Romanconsul in the third Punic war,

(199).

Census, us, m. Census.

Centum, indec. Hundred.

Centurio, onis, m. (centum). Cen-

turion.

Cerno, ere, crevi, crctum. To per-

ceive, see, discern.

Certamen, Inis, n. (certo). Contest,

game, engagement.

Ccrtdtim, adv. (certutus, from certo).

Earnestly, eagerly.

Certo, are, avi, atum. . To fight,

struggle, contend, endeavor.

Certus, a, um. Sure, certain;

ccr-

tiorcm facere, to inform.

Ccsso, are, dvi, atum, (cedo). To

cease, pause.

Ccterus, a, um, nom. sing. m. not

used. The other, the rest.

CJiaeronea, ae, f. Chaeronea, a town

in Boeotia, the birth-place of Plu-

tarch, (232).

Chcrsonesus, i, f. The Chcrsoncsus,

a pcriinsxila in Thracia, west of the

Hellespont.

Chri*tf&HU) a, um. Christian, often'

used substantive!;/.

Cicatrix, lets, f. Scar.

Cicero, onis, m. Cicero, the cele-

brated Roman orator, (207).

Cincinnati^, i, m. Cincinnatus, a

COEO] LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 151

renowned Roman citizen and dic-

tator, (71).

Cineas, ae, m. A friend and favorite

minister of Pyrrhus.

Cingo, ere, cinxi, cinctum. To sur-

round, encompass ;crown

;invest.

Cinna, ae, m. Cinna, a surname

among the Romans. Lucius Cor-

nelius Cinna, confederate of Ma-

rius in the civil war, (203).

Circa, prep, with .ace. About,

around, among. .JV 'U

Circiter, prep, with ace. About,

near.,

Circiwjfc circa.fJJ

Circum-do, dare, dedi, datum. To

place around, surround, invest.

Circum-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum.'

To

go around, surround, encompass,

295.

Ci.rcumspicio, ere, spcxi, spectum.

.(Xcircum, specio). To look round,

look for, seek.

Circum-venio, Ire, veni, venium. Tucome around, encompass, sur-

round, circumvent, deceive.

Cis, prep, with ace. On this side

of, within.

Cito, are, avi, atum. To excite,

urge, hasten;citato equo, at full

gallop or speed.

Cito, citius, citissime, adv. (citus).

Soon, quickly.

Citra, adv., and prep, with ace. Onthis side.

Citus, a, um. Quick, swift, rapid.

Civllis, e, (civis). Civil, domestic.

Civilitas, atis, f. (civilis). Civility,

politeness.

Civis, is, m. and f. Citizen.

CivVas, dtis, f. (civis). City, state,

citizenship.

Clades, is, f. Loss, slaughter, de-

struction, defeat.

Clam, adv., and prep, with ace. or

abl. Secretly, without the know-

ledge of.

Clarus, a, um. Splendid, renowned,

illustrious, clear.

Classiarius, ii, m. (classis). A ma-

rine, pi. naval forces.

Classis, is, f. A fleet.

Claudius, ii, m. The fourth Roman

emperor, (41). Appius Claudius,

one of the decemviri, (25).

f!laudo, daudere, clausi, clausum.

To close, shut.

Claudus, a, um. Lame.

Clemens, entis. Mild, gentle, clem-

ent.

dementia, ae, f. (clemens). Mild-

ness, clemency.

Cleopatra, ae, f. Cleopatra, queen

of Egypt, (211). Another of the

same name was the'

daughter of

Philip of Macedon, (234).

Clipeus, or clypeus, i, m. Shield.

Cloaca, ae, f. Sewer, drain.

Cnaeus, or Cneus, i, m. Cnaeus, a

Roman name; as Cnaeus Pom-

peius.

Coarguo, ere, coargui, (cum, arguo).

To arraign, accuse, indict; con-

vict.

Codes, \tis, m. Codes, a Romansurname. Horatius Codes, a Ro-

man, distinguished in the war with

Porsena, (171).

Coelum, i, n. The heavens, sky,

weather.

Coena, ae, f. Principal meal of the

Romans, supper, dinner.

Coeo, ire, Ivi or ii, Vum, (cum, eo).

To collect, assemble. 290.

152 LATIN READER. [COKPI

Coepi, isli, it, def. To begin. 297.

Cocrceo, ercerc, ercui, ercllum, (cum,

arceo). To check, confine, re-

strain.

Cogito, arc, avi, atum. To think,

ponder.

Cognalus, a, um. Related, subs, a

relative.

Cognitus, a, urn, part, (cognosce).

Ascertained, known.

Cognomen, inis, n. (cum, noinen or

gnomen). Surname.

Coffnomlno, are, avi, atum, (cogno-

men). To surname, call, name.

Cognosce, ere, novi, nltum, (cum,

nosco or gnosco). To ascertain,

learn, recognize.

Cogo, ere, coegi, coactum. To col-

lect, force, compel.

Cohibco, ere, ui, Hum, (cum, habeo).

To hold, check, confine.

Cohors, cohortis, f. Cohort, tenth

part of a legion.

Collatlnus, i, m. Oollatinus, sur-

name of Tarquinius, the colleague

of Brutus in the consulship,

(160).

Collcga, ae, m. Colleague.

Colligo, ere, Ugi, lectum, (cum, lego).

To collect, bring together.

Colloco, are, avi, atum, (cum, loco).

To place, set, erect;

to give in

marriage.

Colloquium, ii, n. (colloquor). Con-

versation, interview.

Colloquor, loqui, locuttts sum, dep.

(cum, loquor). To converse, talk

with.

Collum, i, n. Neck.

Colo, ere, colui, cultum. To culti-

vate; honor, worship.

Color, Oris, m. Color, complexion.

Comburo, fre, bussi, bustum, (cum,buro = uro, to barn). To burn,

consume.

Comes, itis, m. and f. Companion.

Comissatio, onis, f. RevelUng.

Commeatus, us, m. Supph'es.

Commemoro, are, avi, alum, (cum,

memoro). To recall, remember,

commemorate, mention.

Commenlor, ari, aim mm, dep. To

meditate, muse upon, consider,

think, devise, invent.

Commigro, are, avi, atum, (cum,

migro). To migrate.

Comminuo, ere, minui, minutum,

(cum, minuo). To dash in pieces,

crush;lessen

;weaken.

Committo, ere, misi, missum, (cum,

mitto). To bring together, unite,

intrust, commit; pugnam commit-

tere, to engage in battle.

Commodum, i, n. Advantage, bene-

fit.

Commodus, a, um, (cum, modus).

Suitable, fit, proper, convenient.

Commonefacio, ere, fed, factum,

(cum, moneo, facio). To put in

mind, remind, impress earnestly.

Commuror, ari, atussum, (cum,mo-

ror). To tarry, delay.

Commoveo, ere, movi, motum, (cum,

moveo). To move, excite.

Communis, c. Common.

Communlter, adv. (communis). In

common, conjointly.

Commutatio, onis, f. Change.

Compuro, are, uvi, alum, (cum,

paro). To prepare, make, pro-

cure, compare.

CompeUo, arc, avi, atum, (cum, pel-

lo). To address, call.

Compcllo, ere, piili, puhum, (cum,

CONGRESSIOJ LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 153

pello). To thrust together, to

force, compel, impel.

Compensatio, onis, f. Compensa-

tion, exchange, barter.

Compcrio, Ire, peri, pertum* To

find, find out.

Compes, edis," f. (cum, pes). Fetter,

chain.

Compcsco, ere, cui. To confine,

check.. -

Complector, ti, pleZus sum, (cum,

plcctor). To embrace, encompass.

Compleo, ere, cm, '$tum, (cum, pleo).

To fill, complete.

Complures, a. More than one;

several, very many.

Compono, ere, posui, positum, (cum,

pono). To settle, adjust, adapt,

compose.

Comporto, are, avi, atum, (cum,

porto). To carry, bear, collect.

Compos, oils, (cum, potis). Havingthe mastery or control over any-

thing ; sharing in, partaking of.

Comprehendo, ere, di, sum, (cum,

prehendo). To seize, arrest, com-

prehend.

Concedo, ere, ccssi, ccssum, (cum,

cedo). To concede, grant ;to de-

part, withdraw; pass, impers., it

is conceded.

ConcldO) ere, tidi, (cum, cado). To

fall, perish.

Concilia, are, avi, atum, (concilium).

To unite, conciliate, procure, win.

Concilium, ii, n. Council, meeting.

Concio, Cnis, f. Public assembly.

Conclto, are, avi, atum, (cum, cito).

To raise; excite, excite rebellion.

Concordia, ae, f. (concors, harmo-

nious). Concord, harmony.

Concurro, ere, curri (cucurri], cur-

7*

sum, (cum, curro). To meet, as'

semble; engage, fight ;

rush to.

Conditio, onis, f. (condo). Condition,

terms.

Condo, ere, dldi, d'ttum, (cum, do).

To found; conceal, hide

; place,

bury.

Conduco, ere, duxi, ductum, (cum,

duco). To conduct, collect; hire,

contract for.

Confero, conferre, contuli, colld-

tum, (cum, fero). To collect,

confer, compare ; engage battle;

se conferre, to betake one's self.

Confestim, adv. Immediately.

Conficio, ere, fed, fcctum, (cum,

facio). To finish, accomplish,

make, produce, wear out.

Confldo, ere, fisus sum, (cum, fido).

To trust, confide in.

Conflgo, ere,jixi,jixum, (cum, figo.)

To transfix, fasten together.

Confingo, ere, finxi, fictum, (cum,

fingo). To form, feign, pretend.

Confirmo, are, avi, atum, (cum,

firmo). To make firm, strength-

en; encourage ;

corroborate.

Conflsus, a, um, part, (confldo).

Trusting, relying upon.

Confllgo, ere, flixi, flictum, (cum,

fligo). To engage, fight.

Confodio, ere, fodi, fossum, (cum,

fodio). To pierce, wound.

Confugio, ere, fiigi, fugitum, (cum,

fugio). To flee for refuge.

Cortgredior, grcdi, gressus sum, clep.

(cum, gradior). To encounter,

fight.

Congrego, arc, avi, atum., (cum,

grego). To collect, congregate.

Congrcssio, onis, f. (congredior).

Engagement, battle.

154 LATIN READER. [CONJICIO

Conjicio, ere, jcci, jectum, (cum,

jacio). To discharge, hurl, throw,

diive.

Conjungo, ere, junxi, junctum, (cum,

jungo). To join, combine.

Conjuratio, onis, f. (conjuro). Con-

spiracy.

Conjuratus, a, um, part, (conjuro).

Having conspired.

Conjuro, are, avi, atum, (cum,

juro) To conspire.

Conjux, ugis, m. and f. (conjungo).

Husband, wife.

Conon, dni$, m. Conon, a cele-

brated Athenian general, (39,

111).

Conor, dri, dtus sum, dcp. To en-

deavor, attempt.

Consccndo, ere, sccndi, sccnsum,

(cum, scando). To ascend, em-

bark.

Conscius, a, um. Privy to;

con-

scious of;subs, accomplice, confi-

dant.

Conscrlbo, ere, scripsi, scripiwn

(cum, scribo). To summon;to

enrol, arrange, order; compose.

Conscriptus, a, um, part, (conscribo).

Enrolled, assembled. Patres con-

scripli, conscript fathers, i. e. sen-

ators.

Consccro, arc, <~v>, atum (cum, sa-

cro). To consecrate.

Conscctor, dri, fitits sum, dep. (cum,

sector). To follow, pursue..

Conscnesco, crc, scnui (cum, senesco).

To grow old.

Conscquor, scqui, sccatus sum, (cum,

sequor). To succeed, follow, pur-

sue; secure, obtain.

Consfro, ti" (cuin, scro).

To join together-, man tan or pit'g-

nam conscrcre, to join battle, en-

gage in battle.

Conservo, are, avi, aturn, (cum, ser-

vo). To preserve, watch over,

rescue.

Considero, are, avi, atum. To in-

spect, examine.

Consldo, ere, sedi, sessum, (cum, sido).

To encamp, settle.

Concilium, ii, n. Counsel, advice,

wisdom, intention, design, council.

Consisto, ere, sttti, stitum, (cum,

sisto). To place or station one's

self, to stand.

Consolor, dri, dtus sum, dep. (cum,

solor). To comfort, console.

Conspectus, us, m. (conspicio).

Sight, presence.

Conspicio, ere, spexi, spcctum, (cum,

specio). To see, observe.

Conspicor, dri, dtus sum, dep. (con-

spicio). To behold, sec.

Conspiralio, Cnis, f. (conspiro).

Union, conspiracy.

Constanter, ius, issime, adv. (consto).

, Consistently.

Constantia, ae, f. (consto). Con-

. stancy, firmness.

Constat, impers,(consta). It is known,is an admitted fact.

Constituo, crc, ui, ulnm, (cum, sta-

tuo). To constitute; build, erect

;

station, place ; appoint, arrange,

manage.

Consto, are, sttti, st'ltnm-, (cum, sto).

To stand together, halt.

Coi'sucsco, crc, cvi, ctum, (cum, su-

csco). To be accustomed.

Cor.suctndo^ \nis, f. (consuesco).

Custom, usage, habit.

Consul, idis, m. (consiilo). Consul,

Roman chief magistrate.

CoEIOLANUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 155

Consularu, e. Consular;subs, one

who has been consul, one of con-

sular rank,

Consulates, us, m. (consul). Con-

sulship.

Consulo, ere, sului, sullum. To con-

sult, consider;with dot. to consult

. for one's good.

Consammo, are, dvi, atum. To fin-

ish, accomplish, complete.

Consumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptum,

(cum, sumo). To consume, wear

out, waste, use, employ.

Contego, ere, texi, tectum, (cum, tego).

To cover.

Contemno, ere, tempsi, temptum,(cmn,

tcmno). To contemn, despise, dis-

regard.

Contemptus, us, m. (contemno). Con-

tempt, scorn, disregard.

Contendo, ere, tendi, tentum, (cum,

tendo). To contend, strive, at-

tempt, labor; betake one's self, go.

Contentio, onis, f. (contendo). Ef-

fort, contest, struggle, exertion.

Contentus, a, um. Content, con-

tented.

Contlnens, entis, (contineo). Ad-

joining, continuous;subs. f. con-

tinent.

Continentia, ae, f. (contineo). For-

bearance, self-control.

Contineo, ere, tinui, tentum, (cum,

teneo). To hold, keep, check.

Continuo, are, avi, atum, (contin-

uus). To connect, unite, con-

tinue.

Contra, adv., and prep, with ace.

Against, opposite to, contrary to;

on the contrary.

Contra-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To

contradict, object to.

Contraho, ere, traxi, tractum, (cum,

traho). To collect, incur, contract.

Contrarius, a, um, (contra). Con-

trary to, opposite.

Contrucldo, are, avi, atum, (cum,

trucido). To slay, kill, mangle.

Contueor, tueri, tuitus sum, dep.

(cum, tueor). To survey, Ice":

upon, behold; consider, ponder.

Convalesco, ere, lui, (cum, valesco).

To gain strength, recover.

Conveniens, entis, (convenio). Be-

coming, fit, proper.

Convenienter, ius, isslme, adv. (con-

venio). Fitly, suitably, agreeably,

consistently.

Convenio, Ire, vtni, ventum, (cum,

venio). To convene, assemble,

meet, agree, harmonize, befit.

Converto, ere, verti, versuni, (cum,

verto). To turn, change, alter,

convert.

Convince, ere, vici, victam, (cum,

vinco). To conquer, convict.

Convivium, ii, n. Feast, banquet.

Convoco, are, avi, atum, (cum, voco).

To assemble, call together.

Copia, ae, f. Abundance, supply,

ability, power; pi. forces, stores,

supplies.

Coram, adv., and prep, with abl. In

the presence of, before.

Corirethus, i, f. Corinth, a city of

Achaia, (162).

Corinthius, a, um, (Corinthus). Co-

rinthian, subs. Corinthius, ii, m. a

Corinthian, (45).

Coriolanus, i, m. Coriolanus, a sur-

name given to Caius Marcius, de-

rived from Coriuli, the name of a

town which he had taken in war,

156 LATIN READER. [COBIOU

Corwli, drum, m. pi. Corioli, a

town in Latium, (174).

Cornelia, ae, f. Cornelia, the mo-

ther of the Gracchi, (131).

Cornelius, ii,m. Cornelius, the name

of a distinguished Koman gens,

including the Scipios ; as, Publius

Cornelius Scipio, (190, 194).

Cornelius, a, utn. Belonging to the

Cornelian family, (120).

Cornu, us, n. Horn, wing of an

army.

Corona, ae, f. Garland, crown.

Corpus, oris, n. Body, community.

Corrlijo, 8re, rexi, rectum, (cum,

rego). To reform, correct.

Corriplo, ere, ripui, reptum, (cum,

rapio). To seize, lay hold of.

Corrampo, ere, rupi, rupturn, (cum,

rumpo). To corrupt, bribe, seduce.

Crassus, i, m. Crassus, a Koman

name, (93). Marcus Licinius

Crassus, a Roman general, (204).

Creber, bra, brum. Frequent, nu-

merous.

Credo, ere, crcdldi, creditum. To

trust, believe.

Crcmera, ae, f. The Crcmera, a

river of Etruria, in Italy, (175).

Crco, are, avi, at urn. To appoint,

elect, make.

Crcsco, ere, crevi, crctum. To grow,

increase.

Crimcn, inis, n. Crime, accusa-

tion.

Criniinor, ari, atus sum, dep. (cri-

mcn). To accuse.

'-, is, m. Hair.

Crilias, ae, m. Critias, one of the

thirty tyrants at Athens, (228).

Crixus, i,m. Crixus, a leader in

the war of the gladiators, (204).

Crucio, are, avi, atom,, (crux). To

pain, afflict, torture.

Crudelis, e. Cruel.

Crudelitas, atis, f. (crudelis). Cru-

elty.

Crudeliter, ius, issime, adv. (crude'

Ms). Cruelly.

Cubitum, i, n. The elbow, a cubit.

Culpa, ae, f. Fault, blame.

Cultura, ae, f. (colo). Agriculture,

cultivation,

Cultus, us, m. Culture, necessaries,

as food, clothing, etc.

Cum, prep, with abl. With.

Cum, conj. = quum.

Cumae, drum, f. Cumae, an ancient

city and colony in Campania, on

the sea-coast, renowned for its

Sibyl, (49, 7).

Cunctatio, onis, f. (cunctor). De-

lay.

Cunctor, ari, dtus sum. To delay,

hesitate.

Cunctus, a, um. All, all together,

entire. *"4^Cuplde, ius, istime, adv. (cupldus).

Eagerly.

Cupidltas, atis, f. (cupidus). Desire,

wish.

Cupidus, a, um, (cupio). Desirous,

having desires, avaricious, covet-

ous, fond of.

Cupio, ere, ivi or ii, Itum. To de-

sire.

Cur, adv. Why, wherefore.

Cura, ac, f. Care, management,

anxiety.

Cures, ium, f. pi. Cures, the an-

cient capital of the Sabincs,

(159).

Curia, ae, f. Senate-house ;ward.

Curlatii, Orwn, m. pi. Tho Curiatii,

DEDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 157

three brothers who were selected

from theAlban army to engage

in combat with the three Horatii,

also brothers, from the Romans,

(160). See note on " Horatiorum

et Curiatiorum," (160).

Curius, ii, m. Curius, a Roman

name, (27).

Curo, are, avi, atum. To care for,

take care of.

Curro, ere, cucurri, cursum. To

run.

Currus, us, m. (curro). Chariot.

Cursor, oris, m. Cursor, surname

of Lucius Papiriits, dictator in

the Samnite war, (178).

Cursus, us, m. (curro). Course.

Custodia, ae, f. Care, charge of,

custody, confinement.

Custodio, ire, Ivi or ii, Itum, (custos).

To guard, preserve, watch.

Custos, odis, m. and f. Guard,

keeper.

Cyriicus, i, m. A Cynic philosopher,

Cynosccpfialae, arum, f. pi. Cynos-

cephalae, "Dogs' Heads," two

hills in Thessaly, (197).

Cyprus, i, f. Cyprus, an island in

the Mediterranean sea, near Asia

Minor, (27, 11).

Cyrus, i, m. The name of two emi-

nent Persian princes ; Cyrus, the

Great, the founder of the Persian

empire, (13), and Cyrus, the son

of Darius, (225),

D.

Damnatio, onis, f. Condemnation.

J)amno, are, avi^ atum, (damnum).To condemn

; capltis damnarc, to

condemn to death.

Damnum, i, n. Loss, damage.

Darius, ii, m. Darius, a celebrated

king of Persia, (215).

Datis, is, m. Datis, one of the gen-

erals of Darius, (215).

De, prep, with abl. From, of, con-

cerning, on the subject of, over.

Debeo, ere, ui, idum. To owe,

ought.

Debeor, eri, debllus sum, dep. To

be due, belong.

DebilUo, are, avi, atum. To weak-

en, disable.

De-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To de-

part, withdraw, die.

Decem, indecL Ten.

Decemplcx, icis, (decem, plico, to

fold). Tenfold.

Decem-vir, viri, m. A decemvir.

De-cerno, ere, crcvi, cretum. To de-

cide; contend, fight; decree, in-

trust by decree.

Decet, decuit, impers. It is seemly,

becoming, becomes.

Decldo, ere., cldi, clsum, (de, caedo).

To cut off; decide, determine.

Decimus, a, um, (decem). Tenth.

Decipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (de, capio).

To deceive.

De-claro, are, dvi, atum. To make

clear, manifest; declare, pro-

nounce.

Dccrctum, i, n. (decerno).- Decree.

Decus, oris, n. Ornament, honor.

De-decus, oris, n. Disgrace.

Dedicatio, onis, f. (dedico). Dedica-

tion.

Dedico, are, avi, atum, (de, dico).

To dedicate.

Dedltio, onis, f. (dedo). Surren-

der.

De-do, crc, dldl, fatum. To surren-

158 LATIN READER. [DEDUCQ

der; devote one's self to, give

one's self up to.

De-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To bring

down, conduct; remove; lead.

De-fatigo, are' avi, alum. To weary,

fatigue.

Defectio, onis, f. (deficio). Failure,

eclipse, defection.

Dc-fendo, ere, fendi, fensum. To

defend, ward off.

De-fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To offer,

exhibit, bestow, present : carry or

bear away.

Deficio, ere, fed, fectum, (de, facio).

To fail, spend itself; be eclipsed;

desert, revolt.

De-Jlagro, are, avi, atum. To burn,

burn down, consume, destroy.

Deformis, e, (de, forma). Deformed,

ugty-

De-fungor, gi,functus sum. To dis-

charge, execute;

die.

De-glabo, ere, , gluptum. To flay,

to skin.

Dem or deinde, adv. Then, after-

wards.

Dciotarus, i; m. Deiotarus, a king

of Galatia, (206).

Dfjicio, ere, jld, fectum, (de, jacio)

To throw down, overthrow, slay.

Dc-lecto, are, avi, atum. To allure;

to delight, please.

Delectus, a, urn, (dellgo). Chosen.

Deleo, crc, tvi, etum. To destroy,

efface, put an end to.

De-libero, are, avi, atum. To de-

liberate.

Dclidae, arum, f. pi. Delights,

pleasures; delight, darling, be-

loved.

Dcligo, ere, legi, lectum, (de, lego).

To choose, select ;love.

Delirium, ii, n. Madness,- dotage,instances of it.

Delos or Delus, i, f. Delos, a

small island in the Aegean sea,

(27, 10).

Delphi, orum, m. pi. Delphi, a

town of Phocis, celebrated for the

temple and oracle of Apollo,

(217).

Demaratus, i,m. Deinaratus, the

father of Tarquinius Priscus,

(162).

De-mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To

plunge in, bury in, sink.

De-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To let

down, drop, send away, send.

Dcmocrltus, i, m. Democritus, a

celebrated Grecian philosopher,

(91).

Demorior, mori, morluus sum, (de,

morior). To die.

Demosthenes, is, m. Demosthenes,

the. most celebrated of the Gre-

cian orators, (92, 7).

Demum, adv. At length, finalty.

Denarius, ii, m. Denarius, a Ho-

rnan silver coin, worth about six-

teen cents.

Deni, ae, a. Ten by ten, ten at a

time.

Deniquc, adv. Finally.

Dens, dentis, m. A tooth.

De-nudo, are, avi, atum. To make

naked, strip.

Dcnuntiatio, onis, f. (denuntio). De-

nunciation, warning.

De-nuntio, are, avi, atum. To de-

clare, denounce.

Denuo, adv. Again, afresh.

De-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To drive

away, expel

Dc-pono, ere, posui, positum. To

DlQNUS LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULAKY. 159

lay down or aside, deposit, de-

pose.

De-populor, ari, aim sum. To pil-

lage, depopulate.

De-porto, are, avi, alum. To carry

off or away.

Depraedor, ari, atus sam, (de, prae-

dor). To ravage, plunder.

Deprehendo, ere, di, sum, (de, pre-

liendo). To seize, catch, detect,

surprise.

De-pugno, are, avi, atum. To fight.

Derelictio, onis, f. (de, relinquo).

Neglect, disregard.

Dc-scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To

describe; impose ;

assess; desig-

nate; divide.

Desero, ere, serui, serlum, {de, sero).

To abandon, desert.

De-sidero, are, avi, atum. To long

for, wish, desire earnestly.

Desilio, Ire, silui, sultum, (de, salio).

To alight, dismount.

Desino, ere, sivi or sii, tfitum, (de,

sino). To cease, desist.

Desipio, ere, (de, sapio). To be

void of understanding, be foolish,

be delirious.

Dc-sisto, ere, stlti, sfltum. To de-

sist, leave off.

Dcsperatio, onis, f. (despero). De-

spair, desperation.

De-spero, are, avi, atum. To de-

spair.

Despicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (de,

specie). To despise, disregard.

Desttno, are, avi, atum. To destine,

appoint, design.

De-sum, essc,fui. To fail, be wanting.

De-terreo, ere, ui, itum. To deter.

Detineo, ere, tenui, tentum, (de, te-

neo). To detain, hinder.

DetrahOj ere, traxi, tractum, (de,

traho). To draw or take away or

from, detract.

Detrimentum, i, n. Loss, damage,

detriment, harm.

Deus, i, m. God, deity. See 45, 6.

De-vasto, are, ,atum. To devastate,

pillage.

De-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To come

down, arrive, reach.

De-vinco, ere, vici, victum. To con-

quer.

Dexter, tra, frum. Right, on the

right hand.

Dextra, ae, f. The right hand.

DL See Dis.

Diadcma, atis, n. Diadem.

J)iagoras, ae, m. Diagoras, a Rho-

dian athlete, who distinguished

himself in the Olympic games,

(143).

Diana, ae, f. The goddess Diana,

the daughter of Jupiter and La-

tona, and sister of Apollo, (97).

Dico, ere, dixi, dictum. To say, call.

Dictator, oris, m. (dico). Dictator,

an officer appointed by the Romans

in times of great danger.

Dido, us, or onis, f. Dido, the foun-

dress of Carthage, daughter of

Belus, (44, III.)

Dies, ei, m. and f. Day.

Difficile, ius, lime, adv. (difficilis).

With difficulty.

Difficilis, c, (dis, facilis). Difficult.

163, 2.

Digltus, i, m. Finger.

I Dignitas, citis, f. (dignus). Dignity,

rank, office.

Dignor, art, Cdus sum, (dignus). To

deem worthy, deign.

Diynus, a um. Worthy.

160 LATIN EEADEE. [DlLABOB

Di-iabor, labi, lapsus sum, dcp. To

fall asunder, go to pieces ;flee

;

scatter, disperse.

Dilutio, CniSj f. Delay, delaying.

Dil;ffcns, cntis, (diligo). Fond of,

mindful, diligent, observant.

D'digentcr, ins, isslme, adv. (diligens).

Carefully, diligently, earnestly.

Dttigentia, ae, f. (diligens). Dili-

gence.

DiLyo, ere, Icxi, lecium, (dis, lego).

To choose, love.

Dimico, are, dvi, atum, (dis, di,

mico). To encounter, fight.

Di-mitto, ere, misi, missum. To dis-

miss, let go.

Diogenes, is, m. Diogenes, the noted

Cynic philosopher ofGreece, (135).

Dion, onis, m. Dion, brother-in-law

of the tyrant Dionysius of Syra-

cuse, (31).

Dionysius, ii, m. Dionysius, tyrant

of Syracuse, (26).

Diripio, ire, ripu'i, rcptum, (dis, di,

rapio). To lay waste, pillage.

Diruo, ere, dlrui, diratum, (dis, di,

ruo). To destroy, demolish.

Dis, or di, insep. prep. Asunder,

not.

Dis-cedo, ere, ccssi, cessum. To de-

part, retire from.

Disceptatio, onis, f. Debate, quarrel.

Disdplina, ae, f. Discipline, in-

struction.

J)lscipidus, i, m. (disco). A learner,

scholar, disciple.

Dixco, ere, didtci. To learn.

D'scordia, ae, f. Strife, discord.

Discordo, arc, dvi, atum, (discors,

discordant}. To differ, be at va-

riance, disagree.

Discrlmen, mis, n. Danger, crisis.

Dis-curro, <h~c, curri, cicrsum. To

run different ways, run about,

separate.

Dispcryo, ere, spcrsi, spcrsum, (dis,

di, epargo). To scatter, disperse.

Displicco, ere, plicui, plicitum, (dis,

placco). To displease.

Dis-piito, arc, dvi, Cdum. To com-

pute, estimate; examine, investi-

gate, discuss.

DtS'Scro, ere, serui, sertum. To ex-

amine, argue, discuss.

Dissidium, ii, n. Dissension.

Dis-similis, e, Unlike, dissimilar.

Dissimulo, are, am, atum. To dis-

semble, conceal, omit.

Dit-sipo, arc, dvi, atum. To dissi-

pate, scatter.

Dis-solvo, ere, sohi, solatum. To de-

stroy, abolish, dissolve.

Dis-tribuo, ere, tribui, tributum. To

distribute.

Districtus, a, um, (distringo). Busy,

occupied v/ith.

Distringo, ere, strinxi, stricium, (di,

stringo). To occupy, engage at-

tention.

Dttio, onis, f. Rule, sway.

Diu, diutius, diutisslme, adv. Long,

for a long time.

Diutinus, a, um, (diu). Of long du-

ration, lasting.

Diu'urmlas, atis, f. (diuturnus).

Long time.

Divcrsus, a, um. Diverse, unlike,

opposite.

])'ir<s, }((S. Rich.

Divlco, onis, m. Divico, a distin-

guished Helvetian general, (85, 5).

Divide, ere, dlvisi, divlsum. To di-

vide, allot.

Divlnus, a, um. Divine.

EDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 161

Divitiae, arum, f. (dives). Riches,

wealth.

Divus, a, 'um. Divine; subs, god,

goddess.

Dor dare, dcdi, datum. To give,

grant, impute, allow.

Doceo, ere, id, turn." To teach.

Doctrlna, ae, f. Instruction, learn-

ing, erudition, doctrine.

Doctus, a, um, (doceo). Learned,

skilled.

Documcntum, i, n. Lesson, proof,

specimen, mark.

Dolabella, ae, m. Dolabella, a Ro-

man name. Publius Cornelius

Dolabella, son-in-law of Cicero,

(122).

Doleo, ere, ui, itum. To grieve.

Dolor, oris, m. (dolco). Pain, grief.

Dohis, i, m. Artifice, deceit.

Domesticus, a, um, (domus). Domes-

tic, private, personal.

Domicilium, ii, n. (domus). Habi-

tation, abode.

Dominatio, onis. Rule, tyranny.

Dominatus, its, m. Rule, sove-

feignty.

Domlnus, i, m. Master, owner.

Domor arc, ui, itum. To subdue.

Domus, its or i, f. House, home;

domi, at home.

Donee, conj. Until.

Dono, are, am, atum, (donum). To

give, present with.

Donum, i, n. (do). Present, gift.

Dormio, Ire, wi or ii, itwn. To

sleep, slumber, rest.

Dos, dotis, f. Gift, dowry.

Drusus, i, m. Drusus, son of the

Emperor Tiberius, (146).

Dubitatio, onis, f. (dubito). Doubt,hesitation.

Dubito, are, avi; atum. To doubt

hesitate.

Dubius, a, um. Doubtful;neut. of-

ten subs, doubt.

Ducenti, ae, a. Two Hundred.

Duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead,

conduct;with uxorem, to marry.

Duillius, ii, m. Duillius, a Romanname. Caius Duillius, a Romancommander and consul in the first

Punic war, (185).

Dulcis, e. Sweet, pleasant, agreeable.

Dum, conj. While, until, provided.

Dum-modo, conj. So long as, pro-

vided that.

Duo, ae, o. Two, both. 176, 2.

Duodecim, indec. (duo, decem).

Twelve.

Duodecimus, a, um, (duodecim).

Twelfth.

Duodcquadrageslmus, a, um. Thirty-

eighth.

Duo-de-viginti, indec. Eighteen.

Duplex, ids. Double.

Duplico, are, am, atum, (duplex).

To double, increase.

Duritia, ae, f. (durus). Hardiness,

austerity, rigid temperance, hard-

ship.

Durus, a, um. Hard, harsh, rude.

Dux, ducis, m.. and f. (duco).

Leader, guide, general.

E

E or ex, prep, with abL From, out

of, of.

Ebriclas, atis, f. Drunkenness.

E-disco, ere, didici. To learn by

heart, commit to memory.

E-do, edere, edidi, edttum. To set

forth, publish ; do, perform, make,

utter.

162 LATIN EEADEE. [EDOCEO

E-doceo, ere, docui, doctum. To

teach one thoroughly, inform, in-

struct.

E-diico, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead

out or form.

Efero, are, avi, utum. To enrage,

madden, render unmanageable.

Ejfcro, ferre, extuli, elatum, (ex,

fero). To bring forth, carry forth

or out;

elate.

Ef/icio, ere, feci,fectum, (ex, facio).

To effect, occasion, accomplish,

make, render.

Effluo, ere, fluxi, jfluxum, (ex, fluo).

To flow out, pass away, disappear.

Ejfucfio, ere, ftigi, fug^ltum, (ex, fu-

gio). To flee, escape from, escape.

Ejfundo, ere, fadi, fusum, (ex, fun-

do). To pour out, pour ; indulge

in; squander, waste.

Egeo, egtre, egui. To need, to want,

require, to be without.

Egcria, ae, f. Egeria, a prophetic

nymph from whom Numa pro-

fessed to receive instructions,

(159).

Ego, mei, I. Egumet, I myself.

184, 3.

Egredior, egredi, egressus sum, dep.

(e, gradior). To go or come out,

to go forth, to go, to run away.

Egrcgle, adv. (egregius). Excel-

lently, remarkably.

Egregius, a, urn. Excellent, dis-

tinguished.

Ejlcio, ere, ejcci, cjectum, (e, jacio).

To throw or drive out, expel;

reject.

E-lubor, clabi, elapsus sum., dep. To

slip away, get off, escape.

E-IabOro, fire, firi, a turn. To labor,

exert one's self.

Elegantia, ac, f. Elegance, taste,

propriety.

Elemcnta, drum, n. pi. The first

principles, rudiments, elements.

Elephantus, i, m. Elephant.

Eligo, ere, elegi, elcctum, (e, lego).

To choose, elect.

Eloquens, entis, (eloquor). Eloquent.

Eloquenler, ius, issime, adv. (elo-

quens). Eloquently.

Eloquentia, ae, f. Eloquence.

E-loquor, ISqui, locutus sum, dep.

To speak out, utter, declare, tell.

Emax, ucis, (emo). Eager to buy,

fond of buying.

E-mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To

emerge, come to light, rise in im-

portance.

Eminentia, ae, f. Eminence, ex-

cellence.

Emineo, ere, ui. To stand out, be

prominent or conspicuous.

E-miito, ere, misi, missum. To send

forth or away ;let go.

Emo, ere, emi, emptum. To buy,

purchase.

Emolumentum, i, n. Effort, exer-

tion; gain, profit, advantage.

Enim, conj. For, indeed.

E-niteo, ere, nitui. To shine forth;

be distinguished.

Ennius, ii, n. Ennius, a celebrated

Roman poet, (120).

Eo, adv. Thither; therefore; eo

usque, so far, to such an extent.

Eo, ire, wi or ii, itum. To go;

walk, sail, ride, pass. 295.

Eodem, adv. (idem). To the same

place.

Epaminondas, ac, m., Epaminondas,a celebrated Tbcban general,

(92, 5).

EXCEDO] LATm-EXGLISH VOCABULARY. 163

Ephesius, a, um. Epliesian, relating

to Ephesus, of Ephesus, born at

Ephesus, (9T).

Epigramma, atis, n. Inscription,

epigram. 90, 1.

Eplrus, i, f. Epirus, a province in

the north of Greece, (180).

Epistula, ae, f. A letter,, epistle.

Epulae, arum, f. pi. Food, banquet,

feast.

Epulor, ari, atus sum, (epulae). To

feast.

Eques, itis, m. (equus). Horseman.

PL cavalry.

Equestcr, iris, ire, (eques). Eques-

trian.

Equidem, conj. Indeed, truly, byall means.

jEJquitqtus, us, m. Cavalry.

fiquus, i, m. Horse : ex equo, from^ a horse, on horseback.

Eretria, ae, f. Eretria, an impor-

tant city on the island of Euboea,

(16).

Erga, prep, with ace. Towards.

Ergo, adv. Therefore;as subs. abl.

on account of, for, with gen.

Ertyo, ere, erexi, erectum, (e, rego).

To raise up, animate.

Eripio, ere, eripui, ereptum, (e, ra-

pio). To snatch or take away.

Error, en's, m. Error, deception.

Erudio, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To in-

struct, refine, discipline.

Erudltus, *a, um, part, (erudio).

Learned, instructed in.

E-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To

break forth, rush forth.

Eruo, ere, erui, erutum, (e, ruo). To

root out, destroy.

JEtsca, oe, f. Food, bait.

Et, conj. And; etet, both and.

Et-nim, "conj. For, truly, because

that, since.

Etiam. Also, even.

Etiam-si. Even if, although.

Etiam-tum, conj. Ev*en then, till

then, still.

Elruria, ae, f. Etruria, a country

of Central Italy ; Tuscany, (190).

Etruscus, i, m. An Etruscan, inha-

bitant of Etruria, (171).

Et-si. Even if, although, though.

Euboea, ae, f. Euboea, an island in

the Aegean sea, (84). [(144).

Euripides,is, m. An Athenian poet,

Euphrates, is, m. A river in Asia, (24).

Europa, ac, f. The continent of

Europe.

Eurybiddes, is, m. A king of Sparta,

(219).

E-vado, ere, vast, vasum. To goout

;to turn out, become ; escape ;

evade.

E-vcnio, ire, veni, ventum. To come

forth, happen; evenit, ut, it

chanced, that.

E-verto, ere, verti, versum. To pull

down, overthrow.

Evuco, are, avi, atum, (e, voco). Tocall forth, summon.

Evolo, are, avi, atum,, (e, volo). To

fly or flee away, hasten away.

Ex, prep, with abl. From. See e

or ex.

Ex-adversum or ex-advcrsus, adv.,

and prep, with ace. Opposite,

against.

Ex-ammo, are, avi, atum. To de-

prive of life or spirit ;kill.

Ex-ardcsco, ere, arsi. To kindle, be

inflamed;break out, as war.

Ex-cedo, ere, ccssi, cessuin. To retire,

withdraw.

161 LATIN EEADEE. [EXCELLO

Ex-cello, ere, ccllui, cclsum. To ele-

vate; excel, be eminent.

Excchus, a, um, (excello). Lofty.

Excidium, ii, n. Destruction, ruin.

Excipio, ere, ~cepi, ceplum, (ex, ca-

pio). To take out, except.

Ex,-cito, are, avi, alum. To excite,

arouse, awaken, strengthen.

Exclado, ere, clusi, clusum, (ex, clau-

do). To exclude, shut out, cut off.

Ex-coglto, are, avi, alum. To devise,

think out.

Excutio, ere, cussi, cussum, (ex, qua-

tio). To shake or throw off.

Exemplum, i, n. Example.

Ex-co, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To gofrom or forth.

Exerceo, ere, cut, citum, (ex, arceo).

To exercise, practise.

Exercitus, us, m. (exerceo). Army,train.

Ex-Jiaurio, ire, hausi, haustum. To

exhaust, impoverish.

Ex-horresco, ere, horrui. To dread,

to tremble at.

Exlgo, ere, egi, actum, (ex, ago).

To drive out, expel ; finish, end;

demand.

Exiguus, a, um. Small.

Eximius, a, um. Excellent, choice,

remarkable.

Exlmo, ere, emi, emptum, (ex, emo).

To take away or from; exempt ;

rescue.

Exist'nndtio, onis, f. (existimo). An

opinion, judgment, ;. supposition ;

reputation.

-to, arc, avi, titum, (ex, aesti-

mo). To judge, think.

Exitium, ii, n. (cxeo). End, death,

destruction.

Ex-orior, oriri, or!us sum, dep.,

partly of 3d conj. To arise;be

derived from. 286, 2.

Ex-orno, are, avi, aium. To adorn,

beautify, embellish, furnish, equip.

Exosus, a, um. Hating, hated,

odious.

Expedio, ire, ivi or ii, Itum. To re-

lease, extricate; also to be expe-

dient, or profitable.

Expeditio, onis, f. (expedio). Expe-

dition.

Ex-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To ex-

pel, drive away, banish.

Ex-ptto, ere, ivi or ii, Mum. To

seek, request.

Ex-pleo, ere, evi, Hum. Tofill, make

full;

fulfil.

Ex-pllco, are, avi, alum. To unfold;

adjust ;settle.

Explorator, oris, m. Explorer, spy.

Ex-pugno, are, avi, alum. To take,

conquer, storm.

Ex-scindo, ere, scldi, scissum. To

destroy.

Ex-sculpo, ere, sculpsi, sculptum. To

erase.

Exsecrabilis, c. Detestable.

Exsequiae, arum, f. pi. Funeral.

Ex-sequor, scqui, secutus sum. To

prosecute, accomplish, finish; per-

form.

Exsilium, ii, n. Banishment, exile.

Exspcctatio, onis, f. (exspecto). Ex-

pectation, high hope.

Ex-spedo, arc, avi, alum. To awaitj

expect.

-Ex-stinguo, ere, slinxi, stinclum. To

extinguish, destroy.

Ex*slruo, ere, slruxi, slrudum. To

build, construct.

Exsul, ulis, m. and f. An exile.

Ex-tcmplO) adv. Immediately.

FIDELIS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 165

Ex-torqueo, Ire, torsi, torium. To

extort, obtain by force.

Ex-traho, ere, traxi, tractum. To

extract, draw out, remove ;rescue.

Fabius, it, m. Fabius, the name of

a distinguished Roman family.

Quintus Fabius Maxtmus, the

celebrated Roman general who

so successfully weakened Hanni-

bal in the first Punic war, (175).

Fabricius, ii, m. Fabricius, a dis-

tinguished leader of the Romans in

the war against Pyrrhus, (182).

Fabula, ae, f. Report, narrative,

fable, story, drama.

Fades, c-i,f. A face, appearance.

Facile, ius, lime, adv. (facilis). Easily.

Facilis, e, (facio). Easy.

Faclnus, bris, n. Deed, act;wick-

edness, crime.

Facio, ere, fed, fadum. To do, act,

make, compose.

Factio, onis, f. Faction, party.

Facultas, atis, f. Capacity, ability,

resource, opportunity -,plur. riches,

property, resources.

Fallo, ere, fefelli, falsum. To de-

ceive, foil.

Falsus, a, urn. False, spurious.

Fama, ae, f. Fame, report.

Fames, is, f. Hunger, famine.

Familia, ae, f. Retinue of slaves, a

family.

Familiaritas, atis, f. Friendship,

intimacy.

Famula, ae, f. Female slave.

Fannius, ii, m. Fannius, a Roman

name, (43).

Fanum, i, n. Temple.

Fastis, is, m. A bundle, parcel.

Fastidio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To

loathe, despise, disdain.

Fatalis, e, (fatum). Fated, fatal.

Fatlffo, are, dvi, dtum. To oppress,

trouble, weary, importune.

Fatum, i, n. Fate, destiny, oracle.

Fauce, abl. f.; plur. fauces, faucium.

Throat, jaws.

Faustalus, i, m. Faustulus, the

shepherd who brought up Romu-

lus and Remus, (153).

Faveo, ere, favi, fautum. To favor.

Favor, oris, m. (faveo). Favor,

kindness.

Felicitas, atis, f. (felix). Felicity,

success.

Feliclter, ius, issime, adv. (felix).

Happily, prosperously.

Felix, is, f. Cat.

Felix, ids. Happy.

Femina, ac, f. Woman, female.

Femur, oris, n. Thigh.

Fera, ae, f. Wild beast.

Ferax, ads. Fertile, fruitful, pro-

ductive.

Fere, adv. Almost.

Ferine, adv. Almost.

Ferio, ire. To strike, beat.

Fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To bear,

endure;raise

; say, tell; propose,

as law. 292.

Ferox, ocis. Bold, warlike, savage.

Fcrrum, i, n. Iron, sword.

Fcrtllis, e. Fertile, rich.

Ferus, a, um. Wild, rude, cruel;

ferus and fcra (subs.), wild animal

or beast.

FesKUS, a, um. Wearied, exhausted.

Festlno, are, dvi, Cdum. To hasten.

Festus, a, um. Festal; fe&tum (subs.),

a festival, feast.

Fidelis, e, (fides). Faithful, trusty.

166 LATIN EEADEE.

fides, ei, f. Fidelity, allegiance ;

protection, confidence, assurance;

infidcm, under protection.

Fido, ere} fisus sum. To trust,

confide.

Fiduda, ae, f. Trust, confidence.

Filia, ac, f., dat. and abl. pljilidbus.

Daughter. 42, 3, 4).

Filius, ii, m. Son.

Fingo, ere, finxi, fictum. To form,

feign, represent.

Finio, Ire, wi, Hum, (finis). To

finish, put an end to.

Finis, is, m. and f. Limit, end; pi.

territory.

Finitimus, a, um. Neighboring ;

subs, a neighbor.

Fio, fitri, facius sum, pass, offado.To be made

; become, happen.

294.

Firme, adv. Firmly, resolutely.

Firmltas, dtis, f. (firmus). Firmness,

strength.

Firmus, a, um. Strong, secure, firm.

Flagili'jsus, a, um. Infamous, aban-

doned.

Flagitium, ii, n. Disgrace, shame,base deed.

Flagro, arc, dvi, atum. To burn, be

carried on with zeal.

Flaminius, ii, m. Flaminius, a Ro-

man consul, defeated by Hannibal

at the Lake Trasimenus, (190).

Flamma, ae, f. Flame.

Flccfo, ere, Jlexi, fcxum. To bend,

turn.

fldus, us, ni. Weeping, tears.

Florcns, entls, (floreo). Blooming,

youthful, excellent. Florcns actas,

youth.

CO, ere, forui, (floreo). To

bloom, flourish, prosper ;excel.

Flos, oris, m. Blossom, flower.

Flurnen, inis, n. Stream, river.

Fluvius, ii, m. River.

Foederdtus, a, um. Confetfer&te,

allied.

Foedus, efts, n. League, allianc^

treaty.

Fons, ontis, m. Sprmg, fountain.

Forem, es, etc.=essem, es, etc., Mightbe

; fore=futurum esse. See 297,

III. 2.

Formo, are, dvi, titum. To form,

fashion, adjust.

Fors, fortis, f. Chance;

abl. forte

as adv., by chance, perchance.

Forsllan, (fors, sit, an). Perhaps.

Fortasse. Perhaps.

Forte. See fors.

Fortis, e. Brave, valiant.

Forttter, ius, isstme, adv. (fortis).

Bravely.

Fortitudo, inis, f. (fortis). Forti-

tude, bravery.

Fortuna, ae, f. Fortune.

Forum, i, n. Market-place, forum.

Fossa, ae, f. Ditch, trench.

Frango, ere, fregi, fractum. Tobreak.

Fraler, iris, m. Brother.

Fraus, dls, f. Fraud, deceit.

Frequenter, ius, iss'ime, adv. Fre-

quently, in great numbers.

Frelus, a, um. Trusting, relying

upon.

Fructus, us, m. Fruit, produce.

FrugaUtas, atis, f. Frugality, in-

tegrity.

Frumcntum, i, n. Corn, grain.

Fruor, frul, frutius and fructus

sum, dep. To enjoy.

Frustra, adv. In vain.

Fuga, ae, f. Flight.

GRACCHUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 167

Fugio, ere, fugi, Jugitum. To fly,

flee, avoid, shun.

Fugo, are, avi, alum. To rout, put

to flight.

Fulgur, uris, n. Lightning, thun-

derbolt.

Fulguratio, onis, f. Lightning.

Fulmen, mis, n. Lightning, thun-

derbolt.

Fundamentum, i, n. Foundation.

Fundttus, adv. Utterly, entirely.

Fundo, ere, fudi, fusum. To pour

out, shed, rout; also to make,

cast.

Funestus, a, urn, (funus). Deadly,

destructive; mournful, sad.

Fungor,fungi,functussum,dep. To

discharge, perform, pay.

Furcula, ae, f. Fork. Furculae

Caudlnae ; see Caudlnus. .

Furius, ii, m. Furius, a Roman fa-

mily name, as Marcus Furius Ca-

millus ; see Camillus.

Furor, oris, m. Fury, madness.

Furtum, i, n. Theft.

Futurus, a, um, part. (sum). Future.

G.

Galatia, ae, f. Galatia, a country

of Asia Minor, (206).

Gallia, ae, f. The ancient country

of Gaul, (209).

Gallicus, a, um, (Gallia). Gallic.

Galtina, ae, f. Hen.

Gallus, i, m. A cock.

Gallus, i, m. (Gallia). A Gaul, a

native of Gaul, (39, III.).

Gaudeo, ere, gavlsus sum. To re-

joice, take pleasure in. 272, 3.

Gaudium, ii, n. Joy, pleasure.

Geminus, a, um. Twin, double.

Gemma, ae, f. Gem.

Gener, eri, m. Son-in-law.

Genero, are, avi, atum, (genus). To

beget, create, produce.

Genitus, a, um, part, (gigno). Born,

produced.

Gens, gentis, f. Family, clan, tribe,

nation, race. Ubinam gentium,

where in the world ?

Genus, ens, n. Race, family, peo-

ple, kind.

Germania, ae, f. Germany, (39,

V.).

Germanus, i, m. (Germania). AGerman, (30).

Gero, ere, gessi, gestum. To bear,

wear; carry on, perform ; .wage,

as war.

Gestio, Ire, wi or ii, Hum. To de-

sire, long for.

Gigno, ere, genui, genitum. To

bring forth, beget, produce.

Glacialis, e. Icy, freezing.

Gladiator, oris, m. Gladiator, a

fighter at the public games.

Gladiatorius, a, um, (gladiator).

Gladiatorial.

Gladius, ii, m. Sword.

Glisco, ere. To grow, spread ;rise.

Gloria, ae, f. Glory.

Glorior, art, dtus sum, dep. To

boast, exult, glory.

Gracchus, i, m. Gracchus, a Ro-

man name. Sempronius Grac-

cJms, the Roman general defeat-

ed by Hannibal at the Trcbia,

(190). Gracchi, drum, m. pi.

The Gracchi, members of the

Gracchus family, but especially

the two brothers, Tiberius Come*

lius Gracchus and Caius Corne-

lius Gracchus, famous in the poli-

tical history of Rome, (131).

168 LATIN KEADER. [GRADU3

G-radus, ws, m. Step, position, stair.

Graece, adv. (Graecus). In the

Greek language, in Greek.

Graecia, ae, f. Greece, (210).

Graecus or Grains, a, um, (Grae-

cia). Grecian. Subs. Graecus

or Grains, i, m. A Greek, (30,

8).

Grammatica, ae, f. Grammar.

Grammaticus, a, um. Of or be-

longing to grammar, grammatical.

Grandis, e. Large, great.

Grando, inis, f. HaiL

Gratia, ae, f. Favor, gratitude;

pi. thanks; gratia, abl. for the

sake of.

Gratiis or gratis, adv. For nothing,

without pay.

Gratulatio, onis, f. Gratulation,

congratulation.

Grains, a, um. Pleasing, accept-

able; grateful.

Gravis, e, Heavy, severe.

Gravitas, atis, f. (gravis). Weight ;

dignity, gravity.

Graviter, ius, isstme, adv. (gravis).

Heavily, severely.

Gravo, are, avi, atum, (gravis). To

burden, load.

Grus, gruis, m. and f. Crane.

Guberndtor, oris, m. Pilot, ruler,

governor.

Guberno, are, avi, atum. To steer,

pilot; direct, manage.

Gylippus, i, m. Gylippus, a Spar-

tan commander in the Sicilian

expedition, (223).

H.

Udbco, ere, ui, itum. To have;

re-

gard ; keep. Sermoncm habcrc,

to hold a conversation.

Habito, are, avi, atum, (habeo). To

inhabit, live in, dwell in. 332,I. 2.

Habitus, us, m. (habeo). Habit,

dress, attire.

Hamilear, aris, m. Hamilcar, the

father of Hannibal, (186).

Hamus, i, m. Fish-hook, hook.

Hannibal, alis, m. Hannibal, the

celebrated Carthaginian general hi

the second Punic war, (189).

Hanno, onis, m. Hanno, a Cartha-

ginian general in the second Punic

war, (195).

Hasdrubal, alis, m. Hasdrubal,

son of Hamilcar and brother of

Hannibal, (192). Another of the

same name was the brother-in-law

of Hannibal, and the founder of

New Carthage, in Spain.

Hasta, ae, f. Spear.

Hostile, is, n. Spear.

Hastllis, e, (hasta). Belonging to a

spear.

Haud, adv. Not.

Haurio, Ire, hausi, haustum. To

drink, draw out, exhaust.

Hector, oris, m. Hector, son of

Priam and Hecuba, the bravest

of the Trojans, (146).

Hedera, ae, f. Ivy.

Hellespontus, i, m. Hellespont, the

straits of the Dardanelles.

Helvetii, drum, m. The Helvetians,

a people of Gaul, (42).

Hercules, is, m. Hercules, a cele-

brated Grecian hero, deified after

death.

Hercs, cdis, m. and f. Heir, heir-

ess.

Hercnnius, ii, m. Herennius, the

father of Pontius Thelesinus, who

Ico] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 169

conquered the Romans at the Can-

dine Forks, (lfo)r

lerodotus, i,m. Herodotus, a cele-

brated Grecian historian, (20).

Heros, ois, m. Hero.

Heu ! interj. Oh ! Ah ! Alas !

Hiberna, drum, n. (hibernus). Win-

ter-quarters.

Hie, hacc, hoc. This, he, she, it.

Hie, adv. Here, in this place.

Hiems, emis, f. Storm, winter.

Hiero, onis, m. Hiero, king of Sy-

racuse at the time of the first Pu-

nic war, (185).

Hierosolyma, ae, f. or orum, n. pi.

Jerusalem, the capital of Judea,

(206).

Hinc, adv. (hie). Hence, on this ac-

count, on this side; hinc lime,

on the one side on the other

side.

Hippias, ac, m. Hippias, son of

Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens,

(97).

Hispania, ae, f. Spain, (97).

Hispanus, a, um. Spanish ;subs.

Hispanus, i, m. A Spaniard,

(194).

Historia, ae, f. History.

Hodie, adv. To-day.

Hoedus, i, m. A kid, young goat.

Homerus, i, m. Homer, the cele-

brated Greek epic poet, (134).

Homo, inis, m. and f. Human being,

man.

Jloncstas, dtis, f. (honestus). Honor,

honesty.

JJoneste, ius, istiime, adv. (honestus).

Honorably, nobly, honestly.

JToneslus, a, um, (honor). Full of

honor, honorable, creditable, wor-

thy, virtuous.

8

Honor or honos, oris, m. Honor,

rank, dignity.

Honorifice, centius, ceidisstme, adv.

(honorificus). Honorably. 305.

IlonOro, are, avi, dtum, (honor). To

honor, reverence.

Nora, ae, f. Hour.

Horreo, ere, horrui. To shudder,

shudder at, dread.

Horatii, drum, m pi. See Curiat'd ;

also note on " Horatiorum et Cu-

riatiorum, (160).

Horatius, ii, m. See Codes and

Puhillus.

Hortensius, ii, m. Hortensius, a

Roman name. Quintus Hortcn-

sius Hortalus, a celebrated orator

in the time of Cicero, (84, 91).

llortor, ari, atus sum, dep. To

exhort, incite.

Jlospita, ae, f. Guest.

Hostia, ae, f. Victim.

Hostllis, e, (hostis). Hostile.

Hostilius, ii,m. Hostilius, a Roman

name. Tullus Hostilius, the third

king of Rome, (160). Caius

Hostilius Mancmus, a Roman

consul, (201).

Hostis, is, m. and f. Enemy.

Humanus, a, um, (homo). Human.

Humilis, e. Humble, small, low.

Humo, are, avi, alum. To bury.

Hypanis, is, ra. Hypanis, a rivor

of Sarmatia, (85).

I.

Ibzrus, i, m. Iberus, a river of

Spain, now the Ebro, (25).

Ibi, adv. There, in that place.

Ico, ere, id, ictum. To strike;

make, ratify.

170 LATIN KEADER. [I I)KM

Idem, eadem, idem. The same;

sometimes best rendered by also.

Idoncus, a, um. Suitable, fit.

Jgltur, conj. Therefore, accord-

ingly.

Ignavus, a, um. Slothful, indo-

lent.

Ignis, is, m. Fire.

lynoro, are, avi, alum. To be ig-

norant of, not know.

Ignosco, ere, ignovi, ignolum. To

excuse, forgive, overlook.

Ilienses, ium, m. Inhabitants of

Ilium, Trojans, (146).

Ilium, ii, n. Ilium, or Troy, some-

times applied to the city, and

sometimes to the district, (236).

llle, a, ltd. That; he, she, it.

llluslris, e. Illustrious, famous.

Illuslro, iire, avi, alum, (illustris).

To enlighten, iiiumiue, illustrate,

celebrate.

Illyrlcus, a, um, or Illyrius, a, um.

Illyrian, of or -pertaining to Illy-

ria, a country on the northeastern

coast of the Adriatic, (245). Subs.

Illyrlcus or Illyrius, i, m., an Illy-

rian.

Imago, inis, f. Image, figure, pic-

ture.

Imbecillus, a, um, or imbccillis, e.

Weak, feeble.

Imluo, efe, imbui, imbutum. To

imbue, impress.

Imitatw, onis, f. Imitation.

Imitor, ari, alas sum, dep. To imi-

tate, copy, portray, counterfeit.

Immaturus, a, um, (in, maturus).

Young, immature.

or, oris, (in, mcmor). Un-

mindful, forgetful.

Immitto, Zrc, mlsit missu/n, (in, mit-

to). To send or let hi;

let go ;

bring forward.

Immortalis, e, (in, mortalis). Im-

mortal.

Immortalitas, aiis, f. (immortalis.)

Immortality.

Immunitas, dtis, f. Immunity, ex-

emption.

Imo or immo, adv. Yes indeed, in-

deed, by all means.

Impatiens, entis, (in, patiens). Im-

patient.

Impatienter, ius, issime, adv. (irnpa-

tiens). Impatiently.

Impedimentum, i, n. (impedio). Im-

pediment, obstacle; pi. bag-

gage.

Impedio, ire, Ivi or it, Itum. To

impede, embarrass; hinder, pre-

vent.

Impello, ere, puli, pulsum, (In, pel-

lo). To impel, induce.

Impensa, ae, f. Expense, cost.

Imperator, oris, m. (impcro). Com-

mander, emperor.

Imperltiis, a, um, (in, perltus). Un-

skilled, ignorant.

Imperium, ii, n. (inipCro). Com-

mand, power, rule, sway, reign.

Impcro, are, avi, alum. To com-

mand, rule, govern.

Impetro, are, avi, alum. To ac-

complish, obtain.

Impetus, us, m. Attack, fury.

Impietas, dtis, f. (impius). Want

of respect, irreverence, impiety.

Impius, a, um, (in, pius). Undnti-

ful, irreverent, impious, abandon-

ed.

Impdno, ere, posui, posltum, (in,

pono). To place or put in or to;

enjoin ; impose.

INFANS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 171

Improbo, arc, avi, atum, (in, probo).

To reject.

I.nprudenter, ius, issime, adv. (im-

prudens, imprudent). Imprudently.

Lnpnbcs, frit. Youthful, young.

Impugno, are, am, atum, (in, pugno).

To assail, attack.

Impulsm, us, m. (impello). Instiga-

tion.

In, prep, with ace. or abl. Into, to,

for, against, with ace. ; in, on, with

abl

Inanis, e. Empty, void; vain, fool-

ish, useless.

Incendium, ii, n. (incendo). Fire,

conflagration..

Incendo, ere, cendi, censum. To set

on fire, inflame, excite.

In-ccrtus, a, um. Uncertain.

Incesso, ere, cesslyiorccssi. To at-

tack.

Inchoo, dre, am, atum. To' begin,

commence.

Incido, ere, cldl, casum, (in, cado).

To fall into or upon, fall in with,

happen.

Incido, ere, cldl, clsum, (in, caedo).

To cut, destroy.

Incipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (in, capio).

To begin, undertake.

Intitamentum, i. n. (inclto). Incen-

tive, inducement.

Incitatus, a, um, (incite). Running ;

equo incitato, at full speed.

In-clto, arc, avi, atum. To incite,

hasten, spur on; inspire.

In-dino, are, avi, atum. To incline,

bend; pass, to sink, go to ruin.

Incola, ae, m. and f. (incolo). In-

habitant.

In-cblo, crc, colui, cultum. To dwell,

abide in, inhabit.

In-columis, e. Safe, uninjured.

In-credibilis,r e. Incredible.

Incrementum, i, n. Growth, in-

crease.

Incursio, onis, f. (incurro). Attack,

inroad.

Inde> adv. Thence, from that

place.

Indccore, adv. Disgracefully.

India, ae, f. India, an extensive

country of Asia, (242).

In-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To de-

clare, publish, appoint.

Indigco, ire, indigui. To need;

part, indigens, as adj. or subs. in.

digent, an indigent person.^

Indignatio, onis, f. (iudignor). Scorn,

indignation.

Indignor, ari, atus sum, (indignus).

To disdain, scorn;be indignant.

lu-dignus, a,iim. Unworthy, harsh,

indecent.

In-domitus, a, um. Unsubdued, in-

vincible.'

atus, a, um. Undoubted, cer-

tain.

Induciae, or, indutiac, arum, T. pi.

Truce.

In-diico, ere, duxi, ductum. To in-

duce, lead into, overlay, adorn

with, gild.

Indiiratus, a, um, (induro). Obdu-

rate, hardened.

In-duro, are, avi, atum. To harden.

Industria, ae, f. Industry.

In-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, itum. To enter,

go into; gratiam inlre, to obtain

the favor of, conciliate. 295.

Inermis, e, (HI, arma). Unarmed.

In/amis, e. Infamous, notorious*

Infans, antis, adj. Speechless,

dumb;subs, an infant.

172 LATIN EEADE1Z. [I.VFELIX

In-felix,ritis. Unhappy, unfortu-

nate.

li'f'.r/s'i/s, a, urn. Exasperated, en-

raged.

Inferior, ius. Inferior. 163, 3.

In-firo,ferre, tali, illatum. To carry

against, wag9 against. 292, 2.

InfestOj are, avi, atum, (infestus).

To infest, trouble.

Infestus, a, um. Infested, trouble-

some, hostile.

In-fiiiitus, a, um. Great, infinite,

boundless, of unlimited power.

In-flammo, are, dvi, atum. To set

on fire, burn, inflame, arouse.

Informis, c, (in, forma). Shapeless,

deformed.

In-frendo, ere, , fressum, frcsum.'To gnash with the teeth.

Infiinrto, ere, fregi, fractum, (in,

frango). To infringe, break.

, etc, f. Fillet, head-dress,

badge of office.

In-ffcmo, ere, ui. To groan, la-

ment.

Inffenivm, ii, n. Character, genius,

intellect, power.

Ingcns, ends. Great, mighty.

Inyratiis or ingratis, adv. Against3 Will.

In-yratus, a, um. Disagreeable,

offensive, ungrateful.

In-gredior, grecH, gressus sum, dep.

(in, gradior). To enter, encoun-

ter.

In-haereo, ere, hacsi, liacsum. To

cleave or stick to, to stick fust,

adhere.

In^hio, are, avi, uium. To gape,

stand open ; desire, long for.

Inluiifiartita*, atis, f. (inhumamis).

Barbarity, incivility, inhumanity.

Inimlcus, a, um, (in, amlcus). Hos-

tile;subs, an enemy.

Inlquus, a, um, (in, aequus). Un-

favorable, unjust.

Initium, ii, n. (ineo). Beginning;

pi. sacred mysteries.

Irtjicio, ere, jeci, jectum, (in, jacio).

To throw in; cause; inspire with.

Injuria, ae, f. Injury, wrong.

Injuste, ius, issime, adv. (injustus).

Unjustly.

In-justus, a, um. Unjust, oppress-

ive, severe.

In-nocens, entis. Innocent.

In-notesco, ere, notui. To become

known.

In-noxius, a, um. Harmless, inno-

ccn't. ^^In^tMiSM^tfDuis, c. Innumerable.

Jn-opindtus, cC^uitL Sudden, unex-

pected.

Inquam, defective. To say. See

297, II. 2.

Insania, ae, f. Insanity, folly.

Inscitia, ae, f. Ignorance.

In-scquor, sequi, sccuius sum. To fol-

low, pursue.

Insidiae, arum,f, pi. Ambush,

treachery, plot.

Insigne, is, n. Mark, sign ; pi.

badges of office, insignia.

Insignis, e. Distinguished, noted.

In-simulo, are, dvi, atum. To blame,

accuse, charge.

In-aisto, ere, stiti, sfitum. To per-

sist; urge ;

entreat.

In-solens, entis. Unusual, insolent.

Insolenter, ius, issime, adv. (inso-

lens). Insolently.

Tnfpecto, are, dvi, atum. To look

at, to look on.

Inspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (in, spe-

IXUTILIS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

\

'

173

cio). .To consider, inspect, look

on.

Instauro, are, avi, dtum. To renew.

Instttuo, ere, stitui, stitutum, (in, sta-

tuo). To institute, establish.

Institutum, i, n. (instituo). Habit,

manner, custom, institution.

In-sto, stare, sfiti, statum. To stand

in or upon a thing, be near to;to

urge, insist, beg earnestly.

Instrumcntum, i, n. (instruo). Im-

plements, movables, goods.

In-struo, ere, struxi, stryctum. To

prepare, )

equip. /

Iandv

In-supeb. \ Moreover. l/^^ /In-tactus, a, um. Unharmed. /Integer, gra, grum. Whole, emirc/'

unhurt; just, impartial, neutral:

^Jntegritas, atis, f. (integer). Inte-

grity, probity, honesty.

Intelligentia, ae, f. (intelligo). Intel-

ligence, discernment, understand-

Jr

ntelligo, ere, lexi, lectum. To un-

derstand, perceive, know.

Inter, prep, with ace. Between,

among, in the midst of.

Intercipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (inter,

capio). To catch; intercept, take

from.

Intcrcludo, ere, clusi, clusum, (inter,

claudo). To prevent, cut off.

Inicr-dum, adv. Sometimes.

Liter-ca.', adv. In the mean time.

Inter-eo, Ire, wi or ii, itum. To

perish. 295.

Inter-est, impers. It concerns, it is

important.-

Interfedor, oris, m. (interficio).

Murderer.

Interficio, ere, fed, fectum, (inter,

facio). To kill, slay.

Interim, adv. In the mean tune,

meanwhile.

Interimo, ere, emi, cmptum, (inter,

emo). To deprive of, to kill.

Interior, ius. Interior, inland. 166.

Interitus, us, m. (intereo). Destruc-

tion.

Interjifio, ere, jeci, jcctum, (inter,

jacio). To place between; anno

interjcdo, at the expiration of a

year.

Internccio, dnis, f. Slaughter.

Inter-nundus or internimtius, ii, m.

Messenger.

Interregnum, i, n. An interrcign,

In-terrnus, a, yurfC/^Fearless, undis-

/mayed. /Infer-rojfO, are^ avi, atum. To ask,

/'question.

tfnler-rumgo, cre,rypi, rvpfam. To

break down, int6rrupt: J

Intcr-scro, ere^rjti]sertu)7i.Jfo al-

lege, interpose.

Inter-sum, esse,fui. %o be present

at, take part in.

Inter-venio, Ire, veni, ventum. To

intervene, occur.

Intcstlnus, a, um. Intestine, civil.

Intra, adv., and prep, with ace.

. Within.

Intro, are, avi, alum. To enter.

Intro-co, Ire, Ivi or ii, itum. To en-

ter. 295.

In-tueor, tucri, tultus sum. To look

at, observe.

Intus, adv. Within.

In-usitatus, a, um. Unusual, extra-

ordinary.

In-uCilis, e. Useless.

LATIN READER. [IXVADO

ere, vasi, vasum. To in-

vade, seize.

In-venio, ire, vcni, ventum. To find,

invent, devise, meet with.

Invenlrix, ids, f. (inventor). In-

ventress.

In-vlcem, adv. By turns, one an-

other.

In-vidus, a, um. Unconquered, in-

vincible.

In-video, ere, vldi, vlsum. To envy.

Invidia, ae, f. Envy, hatred.

Invisus, a, um. Odious, hateful.

Invito, are, avi, atum. To invite,

allure.

InvUus, a, um. Unwilling.

Ionia, ae, f. Ionia, a country in the

western part of Asia Minor, (224).

Jones, um, m. pi. The lonians.

Jphicrutes, is, m. Iphicrates, a cele-

brated Athenian general. He rose

from an humble station to the

highest offices of state, (49).

Ipse, a, um. Self, himself, herself,

itself.

Ira, ae, f. Anger.

Irascor, irasci, Iratus sum, dep. To

be angry, be in a rage.

Irtitus, a, um, (irascor). Enraged,

angry, angered.

IrreparabMis, e. Irrecoverable.

Irridco, ere, r'isi, rlsum, (in, rideo).

To ridicule, laugh at, laugh.

Irr'ito, arc, avi, fitum. To provoke,

irritate, incite.

L-nuiipo, ere, rupi, ruplum, (in,

rumpo). To rush into, make an

incursion into.

/s, ea,' id. He, she, it, that, such.

Isocriitcs, is, m. Isacrates, a famous

orator and teacher of rhetoric at

Athens, (45).

Istc, ,ud. That, such

;sometimes

used in contempt.

hi. r, tri, m. The river Danube.

This name is applied to the lower

part of the river, the upper

part taking the name Danubius,

(215).

lia, adv. Thus, so;to such an ez-

tent.

Italia, ae, f. Italy, (180).

Italicus or Jialus, a, um. Italian;

subs. Italus, i, m., an Italian,

(148).

Ita-que, adv. Therefore, and thus,

accordingly.

Her, itlmris, n. Way, march, route,

road.

adv. Again, a second time.

Jacco, ire, ui, itum. To lie.

Jacio, ere, jcci, jactum. To throw,

hurl; also, to lay, place, erect.

Jaculum, i, n. (jacio). Dart, javelin.

Jam, adv. Now, already.

Jardc^-lum, i, n. Janiculum, a hill

on the west side of the Tiber, not

or.e of the seven hills of Rome,

though included within the wall

built by Aurelian in the third

century, (148).

Jocus, i, m., also in the \\\.joca,jo~

corum. Joke, jest. 141.

Jubco, ere,jussi,jussum. To order,

direct.

Jucundus, a, um. Pleasing, plcasar.t,

delightful.

Judaea, ac, f. Judea, (206).

Judaeus, a, um. Jewish;subs. Ju-

dacu$, i, m., a Jew, (200).

-(is, m. and f. (judico). Judge,

arbiter.

LASSITUDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 175

Judicium, ii, n. (judex). Judgment,

decision, trial.

Judico, arc, avi, alum. To judge.

Jugum, i, n. Yoke.

Julius, ii, m. See Caesar.

Jungo, ere, junxi, juncium. To join,

unite;socictdtem jungere, to form

a partnership.

Junior, ius, (juvenis). Younger.

168, 3.

Junius, ii, m. Junius, a Romanname

;as Caius Junius, consul

and dictator, (20, 7). See Bruius.

\ Jupiter, Jovis, m. Jupiter, king of

/\ the gods. 66, 3.

\ Juro, are, avi, alum. To take oath,

I swear.

\J Jus, juris, n. Right, justice, autho-

A rity, control; jure, with or by

/ \ right, justly, properly.

Justitia, ae, f. (Justus). Justice.

\ }Jusius, a, um, (jus). Just.

nca, ae, f. Heifer, cow.

Juvencus, i, m. A young bullock.

Juvenis, e. Young ;subs, a youth.

1G8, 3.

Juvcntus, utis, f. (juvenis). Youth;

the period of youth.

Juvo, are, juvi, jutum. To help, aid,

assist, support.

L. An abbreviation of Lucius.

Labienus, i, m. Labienus, a Romanname. Titus Labienus, the legate

of Caesar in Gaul, (56, 14).

Labor, oris, m. Labor, work.

Lab.6ro, are, avi, atum, (labr). T

labr, strive, take pains ;toil

;

suffer.

Lac, lactis, n. Milk.

Lacedaemon, nis, f. The city f

Lacedaemon or Sparta, the capital

of Laconia, (94).

Laccdacmonius, a, um. Lacedaemo-

nian or Spartan ;subs. Lacedae-

monius, ii, m., a Lacedaemonian

or Spartan, (123).

Lacesso, ere, wi or ii, Hum. To ex-

cite, assail, provoke.

Laconia or Laconica, ae, f. Laco-

nia, a country of the Peloponnesus,

(222).

Laco or Lacon, onis, m. A Laconian.

Lacrima or lacrynta, ac, f. Tear.

Lacrirno or lacrytno, are, avi, atum,

(lacrima). To weep, shed tears.

Lacus, us, m. Lake. 116, 4.

Laelius, ii, m, Laelius, a Romanname. Caius Laelius, a celebrated

Roman consul and augur, sur-

named the Wise. He was the in-

timate friend of Scipio Africanus

the Younger, (65).

Laetitia, ae, f. (laetus). Joy, glad-

ness.

Ladus, a, um. Glad, joyous, pleased.

Lacvmus, i, m. Laevinus, a Romanname. Publius Valerius Lacvmus,a Roman consul, (180). Marcus

Valerius Laevinus, also a Romanconsul and a distinguished com-

mander, (193).

Laevus, a, um. Left, on the left

hand.

Lamachus, i, m. Lamachus, an

Athenian general in the Sicilian

expedition, (223).

Lamia, ae, m. Lamia, a Roman

surname, (71).

Lanio, are, avi, atum. To tear in

pieces.

Lassitudo, mis, f. Fatigue, weari-

ness.

176 LATIN KEADEK. [LATEBRA

Latfbra, ac, f. Retreat, hiding-place,

pretence.

Latlnc, adv. (Latlnus). In Latin.

Latinus, i,m. Latinus, an ancient

king of the Laurentians in Italy,

(149).

Latium, ii, n. Latium, a country of

Italy containing Rome, (167).

Latinus, a, um, adj. Latin;subs.

Latinus, i, m., au inhabitant of

Latium, a Latin; pi. the Latins,

(161).

Latro, Gnis, m. Robber.

Latus, a, um. Broad, wide.

Latus, Kris, n. Side.

Laudabllis, e, (laudo). Praiseworthy,

laudable.

Laudo, are, avi, atum, (laus). To

praise.

Laurcntia, ae, f. See Acca.

Laus, laudis, f. Praise.

Lavinia, ae, f. Lavinia, daughter of

Latinus and wife of Aeneas, (149).

Lavinium, it, n. Lavinium, a town

in Latium, a few miles south of

Rome, founded by Aeneas, and

named by him after his wife Lavi-

nia, (149).

Laxo, arc, avi, atum. To relax,

loosen.

Lectito, are, avi, atum, (lego). To

read often, with eagerness, to read.

332, I. 2.

Lectus, .a, um, (lego), Choice, ex-

cellent.

Legaiio, dnis, f. Legation, embassy.

Lcgrdus, i,m. Ambassador, lieuten-

ant, messenger.

Lffjlo, onis, f. Legion, a body of

soldiers.

Lego, are, avi, atum, (lex). To be-

queathe as a legacy.

Lego, ere, Icgi, lectum. To choose,

elect;read.

j

Lentulus, i, m. Lentulus, a surname

of a distinguished Roman family.

Publtus Cornelius Lentulus, a con-

spirator with Catiline, (97, 15).

Leo, Gnis, m. Lion.

Leomdas, ae, m. Leonidas, a Spar-

tan king who fell at Thermopylae,

(124).

Lepidus, i, m. Lepidus, one of the

triumvirs with Octavianus and

Antony, (83, 212).

Lesbos or Lesbus, i, f. Lesbos, a

celebrated island in the Aegean

Sea, (49, 12).

Letalis, e, (letum). Deadly, mortal.

Letum, i, n. Death.

Leuctra, orum, n. pi. Leuctra, a

small town in Boeotia, celebrated

for the victory of Epaminondasover the Lacedaemonians, (229).

Leudricus, a, um. Of or belonging

to Leuctra; Leuctrian, (230).

Levis, e. Light, easy.

Leviter, ius, isslme, adv. (levis).

Lightly, slightly.

Lex, legis, f. Law, condition, terms.

Liber, bri, m. Book.

Liber, era, erum. Free.

Liber i, Grum, m. pi. Children.

Libero, are, avi, atum, (liber). To

liberate, free.

Libertas, atis, f. (liber). Liberty,

freedom.

^Licet, impers. It is lawful, is per-

mitted.

Licet, conj. Although, though.

Licinius, ii, m. Licinius, a Roman

name. Publius Licinius, a Romanconsul and commander in the war

with Perseus, (198). Marcus Li-

MAGKIPICE] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. ITT

cinius Crassus, proconsul in the

war of the gladiators, (204).

Ligneus, a, um. Wooden, of wood.

Ligures, um, m. pi. The Ligurians,

inhabitants of Liguria in the west-

ern part of Italy, (190).

Lilybaeum, i, n. Lilybaeum, a pro-

montory on the southwestern coast

of Sicily, (188).

Lis, lilis, f. Strife, quarrel, lawsuit.

Liltcrae, arum, f. pi. Letter, letters;

literature. 132.

Litus, oris, n. Shore, sea-shore.

Locuplcto, are, dvi, atum. To en-

rich, make rich.

-Locus, i, m., pi. loci or loca, n. Place.

141.

Longe, ius, isstme, adv. (longus).

Much, greatly, by far.

Longinquus, a, um. Remote, dis-

tant, long.

Longitado, inis, f. (longus). Length.

Longus, a, um. Long.

Loquor, loqui, locutus sum. To

speak, converse.

Lorica, ac, f. Coat-of-mail.

Lucius, ii, m. Lucius, a name com-

mon among the Romans; as, Lu-

cius Tarquinius Priscus, (162).

Lucretius, ii, m. Lucretius, a Ro-

man name. Spurius Lucretius,

the colleague of Publicola in the

consulship, (170).

Lucrum, i, n. Gam, profit, advan-

tage.

Lucus, i, m. Grove.

Ludus, i, m. Game, play, sport,

school.

Lur/eo, ere, luxi. To grieve, mourn,

weep for.

Lumen, mis, n. A light ;the eye.

Luna, ac, f. Moon,

8*

Luo, ere, lui, lultum or lutum. To

pay ; .expiate, atone for.

Lupa, ae, f. A she-wolf.

Lupus, i, m. .A wolf.

Lustratio, onis, f. (lustro). Expi-

atory sacrifice;

review attended

with sacrifices.

Lustro, are, am, atum. To purify,

review.

Lusus, us, m. Play, game; jest,

sport, fun.

Lutatius, ii, m. See Catttlus.

Lux, lucis, f. Light, light of day.

Luxnria, ae, f. Luxury, excess.

Lycurgus, i, m. Lycurgus, the cele-

brated law-giver of Sparta, (95).

Lydia, ae, f. Lydia, a co.untry in

Asia Minor, (225). f

Lydus, a, um. Lydian, pertaining

to Lydia ;subs, a Lydian, (33).

Lysander, dri, m. Lysander, a ce-

lebrated Spartan general, (225).-

MH. An abbreviation of Marcus.

Macedonia, ae, f. Macedonia, Ma-

cedon, a country north of Thes-

saly, (193).

Maccdo, onis, m. A Macedonian,

(230).

Macedoriicus, a, um, adj. Macedo-

nian, (197).

Magis, comp. adv. More. See the

superlative, maxime.

Magister, tri, m. Master, leader,

teacher.

Magistra, ae, f. Instructress, teacher.

Magistratus, us, m. Magistracy,

magistrate.

fifagnifice, ccntius, centiss'ime, adv.

(rnagnificus). Magnificently, splen-

didly. 305.

1Y8 LATIN READER. [MAGXIFICENTEE

Magn'Jlccnter, *'i/.s, isslmc, adv.=magnificc.

Magniftcentia, ac, f. (magnificus).

Magnificence, costliness.

MagmftcuA, a, um ; comp. magniji-

centior, superl. magnificcntissimus.

Splendid; stately; high-minded,

mngnificent. 164.

Magnitude, mis, f. (magnus). Great-

ness, size.

Magnopcrc, adv. (magnus, opus).

Greatly* earnestly.

Magnus, a, um ; comp. major, su-

perl. maximus. Great, large ;

in comp. and superl. sometimes

older, oldest, elder, eldest: ma-

jtrcs, forefathers, ancestors;ma-

j'lrcs natu, elders. 1G5.

Magus, i, in. Generally plur. Magi,Crum. A wise man, particularly

among the Persians.

Mcrjcstas, Cdis, f. Majesty, dignity.

Major. See magnus.

Male, comp. pejus, superl. pcssmic,

adv. (inalus). Badly, with ill

success. 305.

Malc-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To speakevil of, revile, abuse, rail at.

Maleficus, a, um,, (male, facio.)

Evil-doing, vicious, wicked, hurt-

ful. 164.

Malo, malic, malui, irregular. To

prefer. 293.

Malum, i, n. Misfortune, evil.

Mains, a, urn; comp. pejor, supcvl.

pcsslmus. Bad, poor, wicked.

165.

Manclnus, i, m. Mancinus, a Ro-

man consul in the war with the

Numantians, (201).

Mando, arc, rn-i, dtnin. To bid, en-

join, intrust.

Manco, Ire, tnansi, mansum. To

remain.

Manifesto, are, avi, alum. To show,

manifest.

Manius, ii, m. Manius, a Romanname

; as, Manius Manlius.

Manlius, ii, m, Manlius, a Romanname. Manius Manlius, a Romanconsul in the third Punic war,

(199). Titus Manliuz, a Roman

youth, surnamed Torquatus for

his achievements in the Gallic

war, (177).

Mantinea, ac, f. A city of Arcadia,

in the Peloponnesus, (142).

Manumitto, ere, mlsi, ntisKum, (ma-

nus, mitto). To release from one's

power, emancipate, make free.

Manus, us, f. Hand;force.

Marathon, onis, m. Marathon, a

town and plain in Attica, cele-

brated for the victory of Miltiades

over the Persians, (216).

Marathonius, a, um. Marathonian;

of or belonging to Marathon, (97).

Mardus, ii, m. Marcius, a Romanname. See Ancus, Censorlnus.

Marcellus, i, m. Roman gen'l, (193).

Marcus, i, m. Marcus, a Roman

name, (186).

Mardonius, ii, m. Mardonius, a Per-

sian general, defeated by Pausa-

nias in the battle of Plataea, (221).

Mare, is, n. . Sea.

Marinus, a, um, (mare). Marine,

of the sea, from or by the sea.

Marius, ii, m. Marius, a Roman

name. Cains Marius, a distin-

guished Roman general, the con-

queror of Jugurtha, and leader in

the civil war against Sulla. Hewas consul seven times, (202).

MEUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 179

Mars, Martis, m. Mars, the god of

war;sometimes put for war it-

self, (152, 226).

Massa, ae, f. Mass, lump.

Mater, iris, f. Mother.

Materia, ae, f., or materies, ei, f.

Material.

Matricidium, il, n. Matricide.

Matrimonium, ii, n. Marriage.

Matrona,ae,f. Matron.

Maxime, adv. Especially, in the

highest degree. See magis.

Maximus, a, um ; superlative of

magnus. Greatest.

Maximus, i, m. Maximus, a Roman

surname; as, Quintus Fabius Max-

wius, the famous dictator in the

second Punic war, (175).

Med^icus, i, m. Physician.

Medius, a, um. Middle, midst of,

middle of. 441, 6.

Mediut, ii, in. Medius, a Thessalian,

friend of Alexander the Great,

(243).

Medm, a,um. Median, Assyrian,(53).

Mehcrcule, adv. By Hercules, truly,

indeed.

Mel, mellis, n. Honey.

Melior, ius. Better. See bonus.

Mcmbrum, i, n. Member, limb.

Memini, isti, defect. To remember.

297.

Memor, oris. Mindful, endowed

with memory, remembering read-

ily, remembering.

Memorabilis, e. Memorable.

Memoria, ae, f. Memory, recol-

lection.

Memphis, is, f. Memphis, a city of

Egypt, (239).

Menander, dri, m. Menander, a

Roman name, (67).

Mendacium, ii, n. Untruth, false-

hood, lie.

Menenius, ii, m. See Agrippa.

Metis, mentis, f. Mind, reason.

Mensis, is, m. Month.

Mentio, onis, f. Mention.

Mentior, Iri, Itus sum, dep. To speak

falsely, lie, cheat, deceive.

Merces, tdis, (mereo). Reward,

price, wages.

Mercor, ari, atus sum, dcp. To

trade, buy, purchase.

Mercurius, ii, m. Mercury, the son

of Jupiter and Maia, the god of

eloquence, and the messenger of

the gods, (19).

Merco, Ire, ui, iluni. To deserve,

merit.

Mereor, tri, itus sum, dcp. To de-

serve, earn, merit.

Mcrgo, ere, mersi, mersum. To

merge, sink; destroy.

Merlto, adv. (meritum). With

good reason, with reason, deserv-

edly.

Meritum, i, n. Reward, merit

Merum, i, n. Wine, pure wine.*

Mesopotamia, ae, f. Mesopotamia, a

country of Asia, between the Eu-

phrates and Tigris, (24, 10).

Metallum, i, n. Metal, mine,

Metellus, i, m. Metellus, a Roman

name; as, Metellus Plus, (138).

Metior, iri, mensus sum, dep. To

measure, estimate.

Mctlus, ii, m. See Suffetius.

Mclo, ere, messui, messum. To reap,

mow.

Metuo, ere, ui. To fear.

Metus, us, m. Fear, dread.

Meus, a, um, voc. sing. masc. mL

My, mine. 185.

180 LATIN BEADEE. [MiGRO

Migro, crc, dvi, dtwn. To migrate,

remove.

Miles, ttis, m. Soldier.

Militaris, e, (miles). Military.

Militia, ae, f. (miles). Warfare, mi-

litary service, military affairs.

Millto, are, dvi, dtum, (miles). To

serve as a soldier, to serve.

Millc, subs, and adj. Thousand;

millia, subs., a thousand, a thou-

sand men.

Milliariuin, ii, n. Milestone,

mile.

Mit'tiCtdcs, is, m. Mildades, a cele-

brated Athenian general, con-

queror at Marathon, (39, IV.)

Minerva, ae, f. Goddess of wisdom,

(22).

Minime, adv. Least. See parum.

Minimu?, a, um, (parvus). Smallest,

least.

Minitor, dri, dins sum, dep. To

threaten, menace.

Minor, oris. See Armenia.

Minor, us, (parvus). Smaller, less.

Mi>mo, ere, ui, ulum. To lessen,

diminish.

Minus, adv. Less. Sec parum.

Miraldis, e, (miror). Wonderful.

Mir/ficus, a, um, (mirus, facio).

Causing wonder, wonderful, mar-

vellous.

Miror, dri, dlus sum, dep. To won-

der, admire.

Mirus, a, um. Wonderful, sur-

prising.

Miner, era, trum. Unfortunate, un-

happy, worthless, miserable, sad.

Miscrco, ere, ui, ifu/n. To pity ; of-

ten impersonal ; miscret me, I pity.

Misereor, tri, mherlus or miseritus

&wn, dep. To pity.

Miseria, ae, f. (miser). Misery,

affliction.

Misericordia, ae, f. Compassion.

Mithriddtes, is, m. Mithridates, a

celebrated king of Pontus, (202).

Mithridaticus, a, um. Mithridatic;

of or belonging to Mithridates,

(202).

Mitts, e. Mild, gentle, placid.

Mitto, 8re, misi, missum. To send.

Moderate, ius, issime, adv. (modera-

tus). With moderation.

Moderatio, onis, f. Moderation, self-

control.

Moderdtus, a, um. Discreet, mod-

erate.

Modius (or um, n.), ii, m. Me

a little more than a peck.

Modo, adv. Now, only, but, pro

vided that;modo modo, some-

times sometimes.

Modus, i, m. Manner, measure,

limits.

Mocnia, ium, . pi. Walls of a city,

city.

Moles, is, f. Mole, dam.

Molestus, a, um. Unwelcome, irk-

some, oppressive, troublesome,

painful.

Molitio, onis, f. Undertaking, pre-

paration.

Mollio, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To

soften.

Momentum, i, n. Weight, influ-

ence.

Moneo, ere, ui, itum. To advise,

warn, admonish.

Momtus, us, m. (moneo). Advice.

Mons, month, m. Mountain, mount.

Motistro, arc, dvi, dium. To show.

Mora, ae, f. Delay.

Morbus, i, m. Disease.

NATU] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 181

Morior, Iri or i,mortuus sum, dep.

To die. 282.

Moror, dri, atus sum, dep. (mora).

To delay, tarry.

Mors, mortis, f. Death.

Morsus, us, m. Bite.

Mortalis, e. Mortal, deadly ;subs.

mortal, man.

Morfifer, era, crum, (mors and fero).

Deadly, mortal.

Mos, moris, m. Custom, manner;

pi. character, morals.

Motus, us, m. Motion; commotion,

revolt.

Moveo, Ire, movi, motum. To move,

excite.

Mox, adv. Presently, soon.

Mucius, ii, m. Mucius, a Romanname. Mucius Scaevola, a Roman

youth who attempted to assassi-

nate Porsena, (172).

Mucro, onis, m. Point of sword,

sword.

MvKsbris, e, (mulier). Belonging to

women, womanly, woman's.

Mulier, cris, f. Woman.

Multitudo, mis, f. (multus). Mul-

titude.

Mulio, are, avi, atum. To punish,

deprive of by way of punishment ;

to fine.

Jlful'o, adv. (multus). By far, much.

Mulius, a, urn ; comp. plus, n., su-

perl. plurimus. Much, many.165.

Hundus, i, m. World, universe.

Munia, ium, n. pi. Duties, func-

tions of office.

Munificentia, ae, f. Munificence, be-

neficence.

Munimentum, i, n. Fortification,

defence, covering.

Munio, ire, Ivi or ii, iturn. To for-

tify, defend.

Munitio, onis, f. Fortification,

rampart.

Munitus, . a, um, part, (munio).

Fortified.

Munus, cm, n. Reward, present;

service, ofiice.

Munychia, ae, f. The Athenian

harbor Munychia and the' hill

which rises above it, (228).

Murus, i, m. Wall.

Mus, muris, m. Mouse.

Mutatio, onis, f. (muto). Change.

Muto, are, avi, atum. .To change,

alter.

Mu'uus, a, um. Mutual.

Mycalc, cs, f. Mycale, a high pro-

montory or mountain of Ionia, in

Asia Minor, (221).

Myndii, orum, m. pi. Myndians, in-

habitants of Myndus, (135).

Myndus or os, i, f. Myndus, a city

of Caria, in Asia Minor, now Men-

des, (135).

N

Nam, corsj. For.

Nam-quc, conj. For, but.

Nanciscor, nandsci, naclus sum, dep.

To obtain, take advantage of.

Narro, are, avi, atum. To relate,

narrate.

Nascor, nasci, natus sum, dep. Tobe born, be produced, to arise.

Natalis, e, (nascor). Of or belong-

ing to one's birth, natal; natalis

dies, birth-day.

JVafio, onis, f. Nation, people.

Natu, defective, abl. sing, (nascor).

By birth, in age : maximus natu,

eldest, 134.

182 LATIN HEADER. [NATURA

Natiira, ae, f. Nature, creation.

Natus, a, urn, part, (nascor). Born,

having been born.

Naturdlis, e, (natura). Natural.

Naufragium, ii, n. (navis, frango).

Shipwreck.

Nautius, ii, m. Nautius, a Romanname

; as, Caius Nautius, the con-

sul, (19, 11).

Navdlis, e, (navis). Naval.

Navigatio, onis, f. Navigation, sail-

ing.

Navlgo, are, am, atum. To sail,

sail upon, navigate.

Navis, is, f. Ship.

Ne, adv., and conj. used with im-

perative and subj. Not, that not,

lest; aft** verbs offearing^ftuJX;

lest; nequidem, or nequidem,.

not even.

Ne, interrog. particle. 346, II. 1.

Nee or neque, adv. and conj. Nei-

ther, nor; and not, not; nee

nee, neque neque, neither nor.

Necessarius, a, wn. Necessary.

Necesse, adj. neut. used chiefly in this

form. Necessary, inevitable.

Neco, are, am, atum. To slay, kill.

Ncffliyens, enth, (negllgo). Negli-

gent, neglectful.

NcgtigOy ere, lexi, lectum. To neg

lect, disregard.

Ncgo, are, dvi, alum. To deny, re-

fuse.

Neyotium, ii, n. Business, diffi-

culty ; undertaking, work, enter-

prise.

Nemo, (mis, gen. not in good use).

No one, nobody.

Ncpos, Otis, m. Grandson.

is, i, m. Neptune, the godof the sea, (155),

Neque. See Nee.

Nequeot Ire, wi, or ii, itum, irreg.

like eo. To be unable, not to be

able. 296.

Nequidem. See Ne.

Nequis or ne quis, qua, quod, oi

quid. That no one.

Ncrvii, drum, m. Nervians, a peopleof Belgic Gaul, (28).

Nescio, ire, Ivi or ii, Hum, (ne,

scio). To be ignorant, not to

know.

Nescius, a, wn, (nescio). Ignorant,

unknown.

Nicias, ae, m. Nicias, an Athenian

statesman and general, (223).

Nicomedes, is, m. Nicomedes, kingof Bithynia, (43).

Niger, gra, grum. Dark, black,

dusky.

Nigrans, antis. Black, dusky.

Nihil, n. indec. Nothing ;adv. not,

in nothing. 128.

Nihilum, i,n. Nothing.

Nilus, i, m. The river Nile in

Egypt, (211).

Nimis, adv. Exceedingly, too much.

Nimius, a, um. Excessive, too

much, too great.

Nisi, conj. Unless, if not, except.

Niteo, nitere, nitui, (nix). To shine,

glitter, glisten.

Nitor, niti, nisus or nixus sum, dep.

To strive, attempt ;to depend or

rely upon.

Nix, nivis, f. Snow.

Nobilis, c. Noble, famous.

Nobililas, atis, f. (nobilis). Fame,

nobleness; nobility, nobles.

Nobillto, are, dvi, dtum, (nobilis).

To render famous;to ennoble ;

improve.

LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 183

Noceo, ere, uittlum. To hurt, harm,

injure.

Noctu, abl. By night.

Nocturnus, a, um. Nocturnal, oc-

curring at night.

Nolo, nolle, nolui, irreg. To be un-

willing. 293.

Nomen,inis, n. Name.

Nomino, are, avi, atum, (nomen).

To name, call.

Non, adv. Not; nonriisi, only.

Nonagesimus, a, um. Ninetieth.

Nonaginta, indec. Ninety.

Non-dum, adv. Not yet.

Nonne, interrog. particle. Whether,

expecting answer yes. 346, II.

1.

Nonnullus, a, um, (declined like

nullus). Some.

Nonus, a, um. Ninth.

Nosco, ere, novi, notum. To know,

understand, learn.

Noster, tra, trum. pron. Our.

Notitia, ae, f. (notus). Celebrity,

note; acquaintance, knowledge.

Notus, a, um. part, (nosco). Known.

Novem, indecl. Nine.

Noverca, ae, f. Step-mother.

Novo, are, am, atum, (novus). To

renew, change; revolutionize.

Novus, a, um. Nw; novae res,

revolution.

Nox, noctis, f. Night.

Nubes, is, f. Cloud.

Nubo, ere, nupsi, nuptum. To veil

one's self, to marry, applied to the

bride as she was covered with a

veil.

Nudus, a, um. Naked, uncovered,

destitute of.

Nullus, a, um. No one, no. 149.

Num, interrog. particle. Whether,

used both in direct and in indirect

questions. See 346, II. 1.

Numa, ae, m. Numa.-ZVwma Pom-

pilius, the second king of Rome,

(159).

Numantia, ae, f. Numantia, a city

of Spain, (201).

Numantlni, drum, m. pi. Numan-

tians, the inhabitants of Numan-

tia, (201).

Numen, inis, n. A god, deity.

Numero, are, avi, atum, (numerus).

To count, reckon, number.

Numerus, i,m. Number, quan-

tity.

Nuritda, ae, m. A Numidian, in-

habitant of Numidia in Africa,

(48).

Numltor, oris, m. Numitor, a king

of Alba, grandfather of Romulus

and Remus, (154).

Nummus, i, m. Money, a piece of

money, a coin.

Nunc. Now.

Nuncupo, are, avi, atum. To call,

name.

Nunquam. Never.

Nuntio (or do), are, avi, atum, (nun-

tius). To announce, relate.

Nuntius, ii, m. Message, news, mes-

senger.

Nuptiae, arum, f. pi. Marriage,

nuptials.

Nutrio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To

nourish, support.

Nutrix, icis, f. Nurse.

Nympha, ae, f. Nymph, spouse.

Nysa, ae, f. Nysa, a city in India,

(242).

184: LATIN HEADER. [0

0.

0, interj. !

Ob, prep, with ace. On account of,

for.

Ob-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To draw

over, overspread, cover.

Obedio, Ire, ivi or ii, itum. To obey,

serve;be subject to.

Ob-eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To meet;

die. 295.

Objecto, are, avi, dtuni, (objicio).

To expose, set forth; endanger.

332, I. 2.

Objicio, ere, jcci, jectum, (ob, jacio).

To expose, offer, present.

Oblcdo, are, dvi, alum. To delight,

divert, please.

Ob-llgo, are, avi, atum. To bind,

oblige, put under obligation.

Oblitus, a, um, part, (obliviscor).

Having forgotten, forgetful.

Oblivio, onis, f. (obliviscor). For-

getfulness, oblivion.

Obliviscor, oblivisci, oblltus sum, dep.

To forget.

Ob-ruo, ere, rid, rutum. To destroy,

overwhelm.

Obscurus, a, um. Obscure, hidden;

mean.

Obsecro, are, avi, atum, (ob, sacro).

To beseech, implore.

Obscs, idis, m. and f. Hostage.

Obsidco, ere, scdi, sessum, (ob, se-

deo). To besiege, invest.

Obsidio, onis, f. (obsideo). Siege,

blockade.

Ob-sum, obesse, obfui. To be hurt-

ful, be injurious, to injure.

Ob-sto, stare, sttti, stalum. To op-

pose, prevent.

Obtempcratio, onis, f. Submission,obedience.

Ob-lcro, ere, trlvi, trltum. To crush,

wear down.

Obtinco, ere, tinui, tentum, (ob,

teueo). To obtain, hold, prevail.

Obtingo, ere, figi, iactum, (ob, tan-

go). To befall, happen to.

Ob-trunco, are, avi, atum. To slaugh-

ter.

Occaeco, are, dvi, atum, (ob, caeco).

To darken, obscure, blind, dazzle.

Occasio, onis, f. Opportunity, oc-

casion.

Occasus, us, m. The setting of the

heavenly bodies; setting, even-

ing; the west.

Oc-ftdo, ere, cldi, casum, (ob, cado).

To fall down, fall; to set; to

perish, die, be ruined.

Occldo, ere, cldi, clsum, (ob, caedo).To kill, slay.

Occulte, ius, issime, adv. (occultus).

In secret, secretly.

Occultus, a, um. Secret, hidden;

reserved, dissembling.

Occupo, are, avi, alum. To occupy,

take possession of.

Occurro, ere, curri (cucurri), cur-

sum,, (ob, curro). To meet, at-

tack. 254, 5.

Oceanus, i, m. Ocean.

Octavianus, i, m. (Caesar). Octa-

vianus, the first Roman emperor,

usually called Augustus after his

victory at Actium, (213).

Octavus, a, um, (octo). Eighth.

Octingcnti, ac, a. Eight hundred.

Octo, indecl. Eight.

Octocjesimus, a, um. The eightieth.

Octoginta, indcc. (octo). Eighty.

Ociilus, i, m. Eye.

ORESTES] LATIN-ENGLISH 'VOCABULARY. 185

Odi, odissc, defect. To hate; dis-

like. 297.

Odium, ii, n. Hatred, enmity

Oenomaus, i, m. Oenomaus, a cele-

brated gladiator, (204).

Offendo, ere, fendi, fensum. To

offend, injure.

Ojfensus, a, urn, (offendo). Offend-

ed, hostile.

Offero, ferre, obtuli, obldtum, (ob,

fero). To offer, show;se offerre,

to present one's self, to offer

one's self, sometimes as an antago-

nist, to oppose ; expose one's self.

Officium, ii, n. Office, duty, kind-

ness, kind office.

Olim, adv. Formerly.

Olympiacus, Olympicus or Olym-

pius, a, um. Olympic, (134).

Olynthus, i, f. Olynthus, a city of

Thrace.

Olynthii, drum, m. pi. The Olyn-

thians, (231).

Omen, Inis, n. Omen,

Omitto, ere, misi, missum, (ob, mit-

to). To let go, omit, neglect, dis-

regard.

Omnis, e. All, every, whole.

Oneraria, ae, f. (onus). Ship of

burden.

Onero, are, avi, atum, (onus). To

burden, load, oppress.

Onustus, a, um, (onus). Laden, full

of.

Opera, ae, f. Pains, work, labor;

care, attention; means.

Oplmus, a, um. Rich, fertile.

Oportet, impers. It behooves, one

ought. 299.

Opperior, opperlri, oppertus or op-

perltus sum, dep. To wait for,

await.

Oppidanus, a, um, (oppidum). In-

habitant of a town, citizen.

Oppidum, i, n. Town, city.

Opportunitas, atis, f. (opportunus).

Opportunity, fitness.

Opportunus, a, um. Suitable, fit.

Opprimo, ere, pressi, pressum, (ob,

premo). To put down, defeat,

overcome; suppress ; oppress.

Oppugno, are, avi, atum, (ob, pug-

no). ^ attack, storm, take bystorm

( Ops), opis, f., nom. sing, not used.

Power, resources, wealth, force,

aid.

Optabilis, e, (opto). Wished for,

desirable.

Optlmus, a, um, superl. (bonus).

Best, most excellent.

Optio, onis, f. Choice, option.

Opto, are, avi, atum. To wish, de-

sire; ask.

Opulens, entis, or opulentus, a, um,

adj. Wealthy, rich.

Opus, cris, n. Work.

Opus, nom. and accus. Need, ne-

cessary thing, necessary.

Ora, ae, f. The shore, coast.

Oraculum, ?',n. Response, ora-

cle.

Oratio, onis, f. (oro). Oration,

speech, language.

Orator, 6ns, m. (oro). Orator, mes-

senger.

Orbis, is, m. Circle, world; orbis

terrdrum,, the world.

Ordino, are, avi, atum, (ordo). To

arrange, establish.

Ordo, inis, m. Row, rank, order;

bank as of oars ; extra onlinem,

out of the common course.

Orestes, is, and ae, m. Orestes, son

186 LATIN HEADER.

of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra,

(43).

Oricns, entis, (orior). Rising ;the

morning, the east, the countries

of the east, the Orient, (213).

Oriffo, inis, f. Origin, source.

Orior, orlri, ortus sum, dep. partly

of od conj. To rise, appear,

dawn. 286, 2.

Ornamentum, i, n. Equipage, or-

nament, jewel. |Orno, are, dvi, alum. ^To adorn,

equip.

Oro, arc, dvi, dtum. To beg, ask,

speak.

Ortus, us, m. (orior). A rising ;

place of rising, the east;birth

;

beginning.

Os, ossis, n. Bone.

Osculor, dri, dtus sum. To kiss.

Ostendo, ere, di, sum or turn. To

show.

Ostentum, i, n. (ostendo). Pro-

digy.

Ostia, ae, f. Ostia, a town in La-

tium at the mouth of the Tiber,

(161).

Ostium, ii, n. Mouth, door.

Otium, ii, n. Leisure, rest, ease,

idleness.

Ovis, is, f. Sheep.

Ovum, i, n. Egg.

P.

P. An abbreviation of Publius.

Paco, arc, dvi, alum (pax). To sub-

due.

Pact/tm, i, n. Bargain, contract;

all. pacto, way, manner.

Padus, i, m. The river Po in Italy,

(55).

Pacnc, adv. Almost.

Palam, adv. Openly.

Palatium, ii, n. Palace.

Pallium, ii, n. Cloak, coat, gar-

ment.

Pango, ere, pcpigi, paclum. To con-

tract, ratify.

Papirius, ii, n. See Cursor.

Par, paris, adj. Equal, a match for,

competent for.

Pardtus, a, urn, (paro). Prepared,

ready.

Parco, ere, peperci or parsi, par-sum. To spare.

Parens, entis, m. and f. Parent.

Parento, are, dvi, alum, (parens).

To sacrifice in honor of parents

or friends.

Parco, ere, uit\turn. To obey, be

subject to.

Pario, &re, peperi, partum. To

bear, bring forth, produce, lay,

accomplish, procure.

Paro, are, avi, alum. To prepare,

equip.

Pars, partis, f. Part, portion ; party.

Parsimonia, ae, f. Frugality, par-

simony.

Particeps, participis, (pars, -capio).

Sharing, partaking, participant.

Partim. Partly, in part ; partim

partim, some others, either

or.

Partior, Iri, llus sum, dep. To di-

vide, share.

Parum, comp. minus, superl. mi-

riime, adv. Too little, little, not

enough. 305.

! Parvus, a, um, comp. minor, su-

perl. minimus. Small, little, un-

important,

Pasco, ere, pdvi, paslum. To feed,

graze.

PEHDUCO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 187

Pascor, pasci, pastus sum, dcp. To

feed, graze, graze upon.

Passer, ens, m. Sparrow.

Passus, us, m. Pace;milk passus,

a mile.

Pastor, oris, m. (pasco). Shepherd.

Patefado, ere, fed, factum, (pateo,

facio). To disclose, lay open,

open.

Patco, ere, ui. To lie open, be ex-

posed.

Pater, iris, m. Father, sometimes

senator.

Paiernus, a, um, (pater). Paternal.

Patior, pati, passus sum, dep. To

permit, keep, endure.

Patria, ae, f. Country, native

country.

Patrimonium, ii, n. Estate, patri-

mony.

Patrius, a, um, (pater). Fatherly.

Patruus, i, m. Uncle by the father's

side, paternal uncle.

Pauci, ae, a. Few.

Paulatim, adv. By degrees, grad-

ually.

Paulus or Paullus, i, m. Paulus, a

surname in the Aemilian gens or

tribe. Lucius Aemilius Paulus,

the name of two Roman consuls,

one of whom fell in the battle of

Cannae, (191); the other conquer-

ed Perseus at Pydna, (198).

Paulo, adv. (paulus). A little, by a

little.

Paulus, a, um. Little, small.

Pauper, em. Poor, without means;

scanty, meagre.

Pausanias, ae, m. Pausanias, the

leader of the Spartans in the bat-

tle of Plataea, (221).

Pax, pads, f. Peace.

Pccius, oris, n. Breast.

Pccunia, ae, f. Money, sum of

money.

Pecus, oris, n. Flock, herd, cattle.

Pedes, Itis, m. Foot-soldier; plur.

infantry.

Pedcstcr, iris, tre. Pedestrian, on

footj on land; pedestres copiae,

infantry forces.

i, kctum. Toallure,^

hide.

Pcllo, (twpepuli, pulxum. To

drive.

Pelopldas, ae, m. Pelopidas, a

celebrated Theban general, (230).

Penarius, a, um. Of or for provi-

sions;

cella penaria, granary.

Pendeo, ere, pependi. To hang, be

suspended.

Penctro, are, avi, alum. To pen-

etrate.

Periitus, adv. Inwardly; fully, en-

tirely.

Per, prep, with ace. Through, by,

during.

Per-curro, ere, percucurri or per-

curri, cursum. To run through,

pass over.

Percussor, oris, m. Assassin, mur-

derer.

Perdiccas or Perdicca, ae, m. Per-

diccas, one of the most distin-

guished generals of Alexander the

Great, (97).

Perditus, a, um, (perdo). Lost,

abandoned, desperate.

Per-do, ere, dldi, dltum. To destroy,

waste, lose.

Per-duco, ere, duxi, ducium. To

conduct, bring to, to extend,

build, make.

188 LATIN READER. [PlCRENXIS

Perennis, e, (per, annus). Continual,

perpetual.

Per-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, itum. To per-

ish. 295.

Pcr-cxiguus, a, um. Very small,

very little..

Pcr-fcro, ferre, full, latum. To carry

through ;bear

;suffer.

Pcrfidia, ae, f. Perfidy.

Pcrgo, ere, rexi, rectum^^r, rego).

To go on or to, per^H ItPericles, is, m. Per^B-^B cele-

brated Athenian oratoHKustates-

man, (222).

Pcriculosus, a, um, (periciilum).

Dangerous.

Pericalum, i, n. Danger, peril.

PerUus, a, um. Skilled in, skilful.

Per-magnus, a, um. Very great.

Pcr-mitto, ere, misi, mis.sum. To

send; grant, permit ; permittilur,

impers., it is permitted.

Pcr-multus, a, um. Very much,

very many.

Pcrmuiatio, onis, f. Exchange,

barter.

Pcr-paucus, a, um. Few, tfery

few.

Per-petro, are, avi, cltum. To finish,

achieve.

Perpetuo, adv. (perpctuus). Con-

stantly, ever.

Perpetuus, a, um. Perpetual, con-

stant.

Pcrsa, ac, or Perscs, ae, m. A Per-

sian, (44, II.; 126).

- wr, stqui, secutus sum, dep.

To follow, pursue, carry on, pro-

secute.

Perseus, i, or Perscs, ae, m. Per-

seus or Pcrses, the last king of

Macedonia, (198).

Pcrsevcro, arc, avi, tdum. To per-

severe, persist.

Pcrsicus, a, um. Persian, (50, 13).

Persona, ae, f. Part, character,

person.

Perspicio, ere, spexi, xpedum, (per,

specio). To perceive.

Per-stringo, ere, strinxi, stridum.

To graze, wound slightly.

Per-suadeo, ere, suasi, suCisum. To

persuade.

Per-terreo, ere, ui, itum. To terrify

greatly.

Pertineo, ere, tlnui, (per, tcneo). To

pertain to, tend.

Per-turbo, are, avi, atum. To dis-

turb, throw into confusion, route,

embarrass.

Per-utilis, e. Very useful.

Pcr-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To

reach, come to.

Perverse, adv. Perversely, wrongly.

PCS, pedis, m. Foot.

Pcto, ere, &i or ii, itum. To seek,

ask;aim at

;attack.

Phacthon, ontis, m. Phaethon, fa-

bled son of Helios the sun, (71).

Phalerae, arum, f. pi. Trappings,

ornaments for horses.

Phalirum, i, n. Phalcrum, the

oldest harbor of Athens;

often

called Phalerlcus portus.

Pharnaccs, is, m. Pharnaces, son

of Mithridates, (205).

PharsCdus, i, f. Pharsalus, a city in

Thessaly, where Pompey was de-

feated by Caesar, (210). The dis-

trict was called Pharsalia.

Philippi, drum, m. pi. Plnlippi, a

city in Macedonia, (213).

Philippus, ?, m. Philip, the name

of several Macedonian kings, the

POMPEIANUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 180

most celebrated of whom was the

father of Alexander the Great,

(140, 230).

PMlosophia, ae, f. Philosophy.

XN/ PhilosopJius, i,m. Philosopher.

Phyle, es, f. Phyle, a castle in At-

tica, (228).

Picenum, i, n. Picenum, a district

in the eastern part of Italy.

Pklnus, a, urn, (Picenum). Of or

belonging to Picenum, Picene,

(23,19).

Pittas, Otis, f. Dutiful conduct,

sense of duty; affection; loyalty;

piety.

Piget, ere, piguit or pigitum est, im-

pers. It irks, grieves, displeases.

299.

Pingo, ere, p'mxi, pictum. To paint,

depict.

Piraeus, or Piraecus, i, m. The

Piraeus, the celebrated port of

Athens, (228).

Pirilia, ac, m. Pirate. <

Piscis, is, m. A fish.

Pius, i, m. See Hetellus Pius,

(138).

Placeo, ere, ui, itum. To please, be

pleasing to;be determined.

Piacldus, a, urn, (placeo). Quiet,

gentle.

Placo, are, avi, alum. To quiet,

soothe, calm, appease.

Plancus, i, m. Plancus, a Roman

name, (42, 9).

Platacae, . arum, f. pi. Plataea, a

city in Boeotia, (221).

Plalaeenses, ium, m.'

pi. The Pla-

taeans, the inhabitants of Plataea,

(216).

Plato, 6nis, m. Plato, one of the

most celebrated Grecian philoso-

phers, disciple of Socrates, and in-

structor of Aristotle, (81).

Plebs, bis, f. Common people,

people.

Plenus, a, um. Full, possessed of,

rich in.

Plerumque, adv. (plerusque). Com-

monly, generally, frequently.

Plerusque, ague, umque. Most,

MuUus.

adi

Plus, uris, n. adj. More, pi. many,several. See MuUus.

Poculum, i, n. Cup.

Poema, atis, n. Poem.

Poena, ae, f. Punishment.

Poenitet, ere, poenituit, impers. It

causes regret ; poenitet me, it

causes me to repent, I repent, am

sorry for, regret.

Poernis, i, m. A Carthaginian, (185).

Poela, ae, m. Poet.

Polliceor, Iri, itus sum, dcp. To

promise^ offer.

Pollux, ucis, m. Pollux, a cele-

brated pugilist, brother of Castor,

(63, 9). See Castor.

Polycrates, is, m. Polycrates, a ce-

lebrated tyrant of Samos, (24, 12).

Pompa, ae, f. Pomp, public proces-

sion, procession.

Pompeius, ii, m. Pompey, the name

of a' Roman gens. Cnaeus Pom-

peius, a Roman consul and a dis-

tinguished commander, defeated

by Caesar at Pharsalia, (205).

Quintus Pompeius, also consul and

commander, defeated in several

engagements by the Numantines,

(201).

, a, um, adj.

190 LATIN BEADEE. [POMPILIUS

Pompeian, of or belonging to Pom-

pey, (211).

Pompillus, ii, m. See Numa.

Pondus, cris, n. Weight.

Pono, ere, posui, posilum. To place,

build, pitch.

Pons, Pontis, m. Bridge.

Pontius, it, m. Pontius, a Romanname. Pontius Thdeslnus, a gen-

eral of the Samnitdio con-

quered the Romans

Forks, (179).

Pontus, i, m. Pontus, a province in

Asia Minor, south of the Black

Sea, (202).

Populatio, onis, f. (populo). Pillag-

ing, booty ; people, population.

Populo, are, avi, atum, (popiilus).

To depopulate, devastate, pillage ;

popnlor, dcp.t= populo.

Popiilus, i, m. People, nation,

tribe.

Porrigo, ere, rcxi, rectum. To ex-

tend, stretch.

Porstna, ac, m. Porsena, a king of

Etruria in Italy, (171).

Porta, ae, f. Gate.

Portendo, ere, tendi, tcntum. To

portend.

Portio, onis, f. Portion, share.

Porlus, us, m. Port, harbor.

Posco, ere, poposci. To demand,ask.

Possessio, dnis, f. (possideo). Pos-

session.

Possidco, Ire, sldi, scssum. To pos-

sr, potui, irreg. To be

Pout, adv., and prep, with ace. Af-

terwards, after, behind, since.

Po3'-ca, adv. Afterwards.

Posteritas, atis, f. (posterus). Pos-

terity.

Posterm, a, um ; comp. posterior,

superl. postremus, postumus. Fol-

lowing, ensuing ; posteri, pos-

terity, descendants; postrcmo, ad

postrcmum, at last. 163, 3.

Post-fcro, ferre. To place after,

esteem less;

sacrifice.

Post-pono, ere, posui, positum. To

put after, esteem less, postpone ;

disregard, neglect.

Post-quam, or post quam, conj. Af-

ter, after that.

Postrcmo, adv. (postremus). At last,

finally.

Postremus, a, um. The last;ad

postrcmum, at last, finally. See

posterus.

Postridie, adv. On the following day.

Postulo, are, -tlvi, alum. To deniaml.

Posiumius, ii, m. Postumius, the

name of a Roman gens or clan.

Aulus Postumius, a Roman in

whose consulship the first Punic

war was brought to a close, (89,

188). Spurius Postumius, a Ro-

man consul, defeated by the Sam-

nites at the Caudine Forks, (179).

Potcns, entis, (possum). Able, pow-

erful.

P&tenfia, ae, f. Might, force, power,

lability.

Potestas, citis, f. (potens). Power.

Potior, pot'iri, potltus sum, dep. To

obtain, get possession of.

Poiis, e, comp. potior, superl. potis-

simus. Able, capable, possible.

"

Potius, potissime, adv. (potis) ; po-

sitive not used. Rather than.

Prae, prep, with abl. Before, for,

on account of, in comparison with.

LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 101

Pracheo, ire, uiyitum. To show,

furnish.

Prac-ccdo, ere, cessi, cesaum. To pre-

cede, surpass, outstrip.

Pracceptor, oris, m. (praecipio). Pre-

ceptor, commander, teacher.

Praeceptum, i, n. (praecipio). Max-

im, rule, precept.

Praecipio, I're, cepi, ccptum (prae,

capio). To admonish, advise,

order. ^SPraecipitium, it, n. Precipice.

Praecipito, are, avi, atum. To

throw down, precipitate.

Praecipuus, a, urn. Remarkable,

prominent, special.

Praecldre, ius, mime, adv. (precla-

rus). Excellently, nobly.

Prae-durus, a, um. Excellent, no-

ble, distinguished, illustrious.

Praeditdo, ere, clasi, clusum, (prae,

claudo). To hinder, preclude,

cut off.

Praeco, onis, in. Herald, crier.

Praeda, ae, f. Prey, booty.

Prde-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To pre-

dict, forewarn.

Praedictum, i, n. (praedico). Predic-

tion, warning.

Praeditus, a, urn. Endued with,

possessed of.

Praedor, ari, utus sum, (praoda).

To plunder.

Prae-fari, defective. To predict,

prophesy; say. 297, II. 3.

Praefcctus, i, m. Commander, pre-

fect,

Prae-fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To pre-

fer, choose; carry or bear before.

Praeficio, fre, fed, fcctum, (prae,

facio). To place over, put in

command.

Prae-lego, ere, kgi, leclum. To read

to another, to read aloud, to

lecture.

Prae-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To

send forward, send in advance.

Praemiwn, ii, n. Eeward, premium.

Praeneste, is, n. Praeneste, a town

in Latium, (182).

Prac-puno, ere, posni, positum. To

place over, intrust with.

Praesens, entis. Present; praesenticr,

drum, n. pi. present things, the

present. t*

Praesentia, ae, f. (praesens). Pres-

ence.

Praeses, idis, adj. Presiding, ruling,

chief; subs, head, chief, ruler,

governor.

Praesidium, ii, n. Guard, garrison.

Praestatolis, e. Preeminent, distin-

guished, excellent.

Praestans, antis, (praesto). Excel-

lent, eminent.

Praeslantia, ae, f. Superiority, pre-

eminence.

Praesto, are, stiti, itum, (prae, sto).

To surpass, be superior to; fur-

nish, do, pay, render (as service) ;

evince, show, give.

Prae-sum, esse, fui. To preside

over, command.

Prae-tendo, ere, tendi, lentwn. To

pretend, allege.

Praeter, prep, with ace. Except,

besides.

Praeler-ea, adv. Besides, moreover.

Praeter-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To

pass by, omit. 295. .-

Praeteritus, a, um, (praetereo). Gone

by, past ; praeterlta, Crum, n. pLthe past.

Praeter-vfhor, vehi, vectiis 6;?,', dep.

192 LATIN KEADEK. [PRAETORIUS

To be borne over or by ;to drive

or sail by ;to pass by.

Praetorius, a, um, (praetor). Prae-

torian, belonging to a praetor or

general ; praetorius, subs, one who

has been praetor.

Prae-vidco, ere, vldi, vlsum. To

foresee.

Pratum, i, n. Meadow, pasture.

Pravus, a, um. Depraved, bad.

Preces, um, f. pi. dot. ace. and abl.

sing, also occur. Prayers, en-

treaties.

Precor, ari, atus sum. To beseech,

pray.

Prcmo, re, pressi, pressum. To

press, urge.

Pretitim, ii, n. Price, worth.

Pridie, adv. On the day before.

Primo, primum, adv. (primus). At

first, first ; quam primum, as soon

as possible.

Primus, a, um, superl. (prior). First.

166.

Princcps, ipis, m. Prince, ruler;

chief man.

Principalus, us, m. Sovereignty,

imperial power.

Principium, ii, n. Beginning.

Prior, us. Former, previous. 166.

Priscus, i, m. Priscus, the surname

of Lucius Tarquinius, the fifth

king of Rome, (162).

Pristinus, a, um. Ancient, pristine.

Prim, adv. Before, first; prius-

quani or prius quam, before that,

before.

Privatus, a, um. Private, personal,

subs, a private citizen.

Pro, prep, with abl. Before, in

front of; for, in behalf of, instead

off <n-3

; pro hoste, as an enemy.

Probatio, dnis, f. Approbation,

proof.

Probatus, a, um, (probo). Tried,

tested, proved, approved.

Probitas, atis, f. (probus). Honesty,

probity, integrity.

Probo, are, avi, utum, (probus). To

prove, show; approve.

Probus, a, um. Upright, honest.

Procas, ae, m. Procas, a Romanname. Silvius Procas, a king of

Alba, (151).

Pro-cedo, $re, cessi, ccssum. To step

forth, to advance, proceed, come

on, succeed.

Procillus, i, m. Procillus, a youngman sent by Caesar to Ariovistus,

(52).

Pro-clamo, are, avi, atum. To cry

out, proclaim.

Pro-consul, ulis, m. Proconsul, one

with the authority of consul.

Procul, adv. At .a distance, far

off.

Pro-euro, are, avi, atum. To attend

to, have the care of.

Pro-curro, ere, curri (cucurri), cur-

sum. To run forth, project.

Proditio, dnis, f. (prodo). Treach-

ery, treason.

Prodltor, oris, m. (prodo). Traitor.

Pro-do, ere, dldi, dilum. To disclose,

betray.

Pro-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To

lead forth, produce.

Proclium, ii, n. Battle, conflict.

Profedo, adv. Indeed, truly.

Proficiscor, proficisd, profectus sum.

To depart, set out, go.

Profligo, arc, avi, atum, (pro, fligo).

To overthrow, ruin.

Pro-fundo, Sre, fudi, fusum. To

PDBLIUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 193

pour out, spend; throw away,

lavish, dissipate.

Progredior, grvdi, gressus sum, clcp.

(pro, gradior). To proceed, ad-

vance.

Prohibeo, ere, ui, ttum, (pro, hab'eo).

To prohibit, prevent.

Promissus, a, urn, (promitto). Grow-

ing long, long.

fro-mitto, ere, misi, missum. To

send forth, promise.

Promontorium, ii, n. Promontory.

Promptus, a, um. Prompt, ready.

Pro-nuntio, are, avi, alum. To pub-

lish, proclaim, announce; recite,

declaim; act, tell, narrate.

Propago, are, avi, atum. To prop-

agate ; prolong.

Propc, adv., and prep, with ace.

Near, nearly, near to, close by,

near.

Propcro, fire, avi, atum. To hasten.

Propior, ius. Nearer. See 166.

Propius, adv. Nearer.

Pro-pono, ere, posui, positum. To

set forth, state, propose.

Proprius, a, um. Peculiar, proper,

one's own, characteristic of.

Proptcr, prep, with ace. For, on

account of.

Propter-ea, adv. Therefore, on that

account.

Pro-pulso, are, avi, alum. To repel,

ward off.

Prora, ae, f. Prow, forepart of a

ship.

Prorsus, adv. Uninterruptedly,

straight on, absolutely.

Pro-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. Torush or break forth.

Pro-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scripium. To

proscribe, outlaw.

9

Prosilio, ire, ii or ui, (pro, salio).

To leap up, spring forth.

Prospere, ius, rime, adv. (prospcrus).

Happily, prosperously.

Prospcrus, a, um. Favorable, for-

tunate, prosperous.

Pros2Jicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (pro,

specie). To look forward, look,

see;look out for, take care of,

provide for; discern, descry.

Prosterno, ere, stravi, stratum, (pro,

sterno). To prostrate, overthrow.

Pro-sum, prodesse, profui. To pro-

fit, avail, be useful.

Prottnus, adv. Directly, imme-

diately after.

Pro-video, ere, vldi, vlsum. To pro-

vide, be on one's guard.

Providus, a, um, (provideo). Fore-

seeing, prudent, cautious, provi-

dent.

Provincia, ae, f. Province.

Provocatio, onis, f. (provoco). Chal-

lenge, appeal.

Provoco, are, avi, atum. To chal-

lenge, appeal.

Proximus, a, um. Nearest, next.

166.

Prudens, entis. Prudent, wise, learn-

ed, skilled.

Prudentia, ae, f. (prudens). Pru-

dence.

Ptolemaeus, i, m. Ptolemy, the

name of several kings of Egypt,

(211).

Publicola, ae, m. Publicola, the

surname of Valerius, one of they

first consuls at Rome, (169).

Publicus, a, um. Public.

Publius, ii, m. Publius, a Romanname

; as, Publius Rut'dius Rv/us,

(ISO).

194 LATEST EEADEK. [PCJDK7

Pudet, ere, puduit, pufctum est, im-

pers. - It shames; pudct me, it

shames me, I am ashamed.

Pttdor, oris, m. Regard, respect,

modesty, awe, shame.

Puella, ae, f. Girl.

Piter, tri, m. Boy.

ruerllis, e, (puer). Boyish, youth-

ful.

Pueritia, ae, f. (puer). Boyhood.

Puf/io, onis, m. Dagger, poniard.

Pugna, ae, f. Battle.

pugno, are, avi, citum. To fight.

Pulcher, chra, chrum. Beautiful.

Pulvillus, i, m. Pulvillus. Hora-

this Pulvillus, a Roman consul in

the first year after the banishment

of Tarquin, (170).

Pumilio, onis, m. and f. Dwarf,

pigmy.

Punlcus, a, um, (Foeni). Punic,

Carthaginian, belonging to Car-

thage or the Carthaginians. (196).

Punio, ire, Ivi, Hum. To punish.

Pupillus, i, m. Pupil.

Puppis, is f. The stern, the hinder

part of a ship.

Pusillus, a, urn. Small, weak;little.

Puto, are, avi, alum. To think,

imagine, esteem.

Pi/dna, ae, f. Pydna, a town of

Macedonia, celebrated for the

victory of Paulus over Perseus,

(198).

Pyrenacus, i, m. The Pyrenees, a

range of mountains between

France and Spain, (190).

Fyrrltv*) i,m. Pyrrhus, a king of

Epirus, (183).

Pythagoras, ae, m. Pythagoras, a

celebrated philosopher of Samos,

(94).

Pythia, ae, f. Pythia, the priestess

of Apollo, at Delphi, (217>

Q.

Q. or Qu. An abbreviation of

Quadraaeslmus, a, um, (quadragin

ta). Fortieth.

Quadraginta, indecl. Forty.

Quadriga, ae, f. Chariot, four-horse

chariot.

Quadringentestmus, a, um, (quad-

ringenti). The four hundredth.

QuadringerUi, ae, a. Four hun-

dred.

Quaero or quaeso, ere, gnacsivi,

quaesltum. To seek, inquire, ask,

implore. Quaeritur, impers. It

is asked, the question is asked.

Quails, e. What, what sort;

lalis

qualis, such as.

Quam, adv. and conj. How; as,

than, after: quam mutti, how

many ;with superl. intensive,

quam m&ximus, as great as possi-

ble.

Quam-dlu, adv. How long, as long

as.

Quam-quam, conj. Although,

though.

Quam-vis. However, however much,

though.

Quantus, a, um. How great, how

much;tantus quantus, so great

as; quanta, by how much, as.

Qua-rc. Wherefore, whereby.

Quartus, a, um. Fourth.

Quasi. As if.

Quaterni, ac, a, distributive. Four

by four, four at a time, four each.

174, 2.

QUONDAM] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 195

Quaiio, ere, quassi, quassum. To

shake.

Quatriduum, i,n. (quattuor, dies).

Space of four days, four days.

Quattuor, indecl. Four.

Quattuordecim, indecl. (quattuor,

decem). Fourteen.

tyie, appended to another word.

And. 587, 1. 3.

Quem-ad-modum, adv. la what man-

ner, how, as.

Quercla, ae, f. (queror). Complaint.

Qucror, qucri, questus sum, dep. To

complain.

Qui, quae, quod, rel. and intcrrog.

Who, which, what.

Quia, conj. Because.

Quicunque (or cumque) quaecun-

que, quodcunque. Whoever,- whatever.

Quidam, quaedam, quoddani or

quiddam. A certain one, certain.

Quidem. Indeed.

Quies, etis, f. Rest, quiet.

Quiesco, ere, quievi, quictwn, (quies).

To rest, repose, keep quiet.

Quietus, a, um, (quiesco). Quiet, at

rest.

Qui-libet, quaclibct, quodlibet, indef.

pron. Any one, any.

Quin. That not, but that, that.

Quinctius, ii, m. Quinctius. Titus

Quinctius, a Roman general at

the time the city was threatened

by the Gauls, 321 B. C. (177).

Titus Quinctius Flaminius gained

the victory at Cynoscephalae,

(107).

Quindcdm, indecl. Fifteen.

Quingentcslmus, a, um, (quingenti).

The five hundreth.

Quinfjenti, ae, a. Five hundred.

Quinquagcsimus, a, um, (quinqua-

ginta). Fiftieth.

Quinquaginta, indecl. Fifty.

Quinque, indecl. Five.

Quinquennium, ii, n. Five years,

space of five years.

Quintus, a, um. Fifth.

Quintus, i,m. Quintus, a common

Roman name; as, Quintus Mu~

cius Scaevola, (172).

Quippe, conj. Indeed.

Quis, quae, quid? interrog. pron.

Who, which, what ?

Quis, quae, quid, indef. pron. Some

one, any one. 190, 1.

Quisnam or quinam, quacnam,

quodnam or quidnam. Who,

which, what.

Quispiam, quaepmm, quodpiam,and subs, quidpiam or quippiam,

indef. pron. Any one, any

body, any ;some one, some thing,

some.

Quis-quam, quacquam, quidquam or

quicquam. Any, any one.

Quis-que, quaeque, quodque ov

que. Every, every one, whoever,

whatever; with superl., intensive,

primo quoque tempore, on the

very first opportunity.

Quis-quis, quaequae, quidquid or

quicquid. Whoever, whatever.

Quo. Where, whither, that, in

order that.

Quo-ad. Till, until, as long as> as

far as.

Quod, conj. 'That, because.

Quoiiunus, (quo, minus). vThat not,

from.

Quomodo, adv. (quo, moda). How,

by what means.

Quondam, adv. Formerly.

196 LATIN" HEADER. [QUOQUB

Quoquc. Also, too.

Quot, adj. pi. indec. How many, as

many, as;

all.

Quoi-annis. Every year, yearly.

Quotidie. Daily, every day.

Quoius, a, um. Of what number,

how many ; what, often applied to

the hour of the day.

Quum or cum. When, since;

though ; quum turn, not only

but also, both and; rarely either

K.

Rabies, ci, f. Madness, rage.

Radix, Ids, f. Root, foot, baser as

of a mountain.

Ramus, i, m. Branch.

Raplna, ae, f. Rapine, plunder.

Rapio, ere, rapui, raptum. To rob,

carry off.

Raptor, oris, m. (rapio). Robber,

plunderer.

Raro, adv. (rarus). Rarely, seldom.

Rarus, a, urn. Rare, uncommon.

Ratio, drJs, f. A calculating, think-

ing ; reason, understanding ; plan,

method, kind.

Rails, is, f. Raft.

Re-ldlo, are, avi, atum. To rebel.

Re-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To with-

draw, recede, retire.

Rccens, entis. Recent, fresh, young,

new.

Redpio, ere, cCpi, ceptum, (re, capio).

To receive, recover, resume;se

redptire, to betake one's self,

withdraw.

Rcclto, arc, avi, atum, (re, cito).

To repeat, recite.

Recognosco, ere, novi, nitum, (re,

cognosce). To recognize.

Recordatio, onis, f. (recorder). Re-

collection, remembrance.

Recordor, ari, atus sum, dep. To

recollect.

Rede, ius, issime, adv. (rectus).

Rightly.

Rector, oris, m. (rego). Director,

ruler.

Rectum, i, n. (rectus). Right.

Rectus, a, urn^ (rego). Straight,

right, correct.

Recupero, are, avi, atum. To re-

gain.

Red-do, ere, dldi, dttum. To re-

store, return;make

; render, re-

peat, recite, give up, resign ;as-

sign.

Red-eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To go

back, return. 295.

Redigo, Zre, egi, aclum, (red, ago).

To force, reduce, compel.

Redimo, Sre, emi, emptum, (red,

emo). To ransom.

Redltus, us, m. (redeo). Return,

revenue.

Re-duco, ere, duxl, ductum. To lead

back, reduce.

Red-undo, are, avi, atum. To over-

flow ; to abound.

Re-fercio, ire, fersi, fertum, (re, far-

cio). To fill, stuff, cram.

Re-fSro, fcrrc, tuli, latum, (re-

fero). To bring back, requite,

return, render, place among, re-

fer; refert, imps, it concerns,

matters. %

Refertus, a, um, part, (refercio).

Filled.

Reficio, Zrc, fed, fcctum, (re, facio;.

To repair, restore;recover.

Refluo, ere, fluxi, fiuxum, (re, fluo).

To flow back.

RESPONDED] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 197

Re-fugio, Zre, fugi, fugVum. Tore-

treat.

Reglna, ae, f. Queen.

Regio, onis, f. Region, country.

Regius, a, um, (rex). Royal

Regno, are, avi, atum, (regnum).

To reign, rule.

Regnum, i,n. (rex). Kingdom,

sovereignty, government.

Rcgo, ere, rexi, rectum. To direct,

rule, manage.

Regrcdior, gredi, gressus sum, dep.

(re, gradior).To return.

Regula, ac, f. (rego). Rule, pattern,

model.

Regulus, i,m. Regulus. Marcm

Atilius Regulus, a distinguished

Roman consul taken prisoner by

the Carthaginians in the first

Punic war, (186).

Religio, onis, f. Religion, obligation.

Re-linquo, ere, Uqui, lictum. To

leave, desert.

Reliquiae, arum, f. pi. Remnant,

those who escaped.

Rellquus, a, um. The rest, remain-

ing, the other. Reliquumest, it is

left, it remains.

Rc-maneo, ere, mansi, mansum. To

remain.

Remedium, ii, n. Remedy.

Reminiscor, ci, dep. To remem

ber.

Re-mitto, erc,_misi, missum. T

send back.

Re-moveo, ere, movi, motum. T

take away, remove.

Remus, i, m. Oar.

Remus, i, m. Remus, the brothe

of Romulus, (152).

Ren&vo, are, avi, atum, (re, novo

To renew.

Re-nunlio, are, avi, atum. To re-

port, announce.

tepuro, are, avi, atum, (re, paro),

To renew, repair.

le-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To re-

pel, drive back.

Repentc, adv. Suddenly.

Repentlnus, a, um. Unexpected,

sudden.

Reperio, ire, peri, pertum, (re, pa-

rio).To find.

Re-pleo, ere, cvi, etum. To fill,fill

again.

Re-pono, ere, posui, posilum. To re-

place, restore, lay up.

Re-porto, are, avi, atum. To gain,

bear off.

Reprehendo, ere, prehendi, prehen-

sum, (re, prehendo). To blame,

censure.

Repudio, are, avi, atum. To reject,

divorce.

Re-pugno, are, avi, atum. To resist.

Re-qulro, ere, quislvi or it, quisltum

(re, quaero). To seek, demand,

\ require,

Res, rei, f. Thing; affair; state;

deed, reality, battle; res gestae,

exploits ;res publica, republic.

Re-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To

write back, reply in wiii ing.

Resideo, ere, scdi, (re, sedeo). To

sit, remain, sit down.

Resisto, ere, st'tti, stitum. To op-

pose, resist.

Respectus, us, m. (respicio). Respect,

regard.

Respicio, ere, spcxi, speclum, (re, spc-

cio). To look back; regard, re-

spect.

Re-spondco, ere, spondi, sponsum.

To reply.

LATIN READER [RESPONSUM

Rcsponsum, i. n. (rcspondeo). An-

swer, response.

Rcspubl'tca, rei publicae, or respub-

lica, reipublicae, f. Republic.

126.

Ite-spuo, ere, spui. To cast out, eject ;

reject, refuse, dislike.

Resttiuo, ere, stilui, stituium, (re,

statuo). To restore.

Rc-tardo, are, avi, atum. To detain,

retard, check.

tinui, tcntum^ (re,

To retain.

Reus, i, m. Criminal, defendant.

Reverentia, ae, f. Reverence.

Re-verto, ere, verli, versum ;

tor, dep. To come back, return.

Rervoco, are, avi, atum. To recall.

Rex, regls, m. King.

Rhca, ae, f. Rhea. . Rhea Silvia,

the daughter of Numitor and the

mother of Romulus and Remus,

(152).

Rhenus, i, m. The river Rhine,\

(208).

Rhodanm, i, m. The river Rhone,

in Gaul, (208).

Rhodius, a, urn, (Rhodos, the island :

of Rhodes}. Rhodian, of or be-|

longing to Rhodes. Rhodius, ii,

m. A Rhodian, (143).

Rideo, ere, si, sum. To laugh, to

laugh at.

Ripa, ae, f. Bank, as of a river.

Rite, adv. Rightly, in due form.

Robur, oris, n. Strength.

Robustus, a, um, (robur). Robust,'

strong.

Ror/atio, dnis, f. (rogo). An asking,

question ; entreaty, request.

Royo, are, avi, atum. To ask, ques-

tion.

Roma, a<t, f. Rome, (27).

Romanus, a, wn, adj. (Roma). Ro-

man;subs. Romanics, i, m. a Ro

man, (26).

Romulus, i, m. Romulus, the foun-

der of Rome, (154).

Roscius, ii, m. Roscius-, a Romanname. Lucius Roscius, a cele-

brated tribune of the people and

friend of Cicero, (51).

Rotundus, a, um. Round, sphe-

rical.

Rufus, i,m. Rufus, a Roman sur-

name; as, PubliusRutiliusRufus,

(139).

Rulna, ae, f. Ruin, fall.

Rullianus, i. m. Rullianus, a Ro-

man name. Quintus Fabius Rul-

lianus, master of the cavalry (ma-

gistcr equitum) under the dicta-

tor Papirius Cursor, (1*78).

Rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To

break.

Ruo, ere, rui, rultum or rutum. To

run, rush forth.

Rupcs, is, f. Rock, cliff.

Rursus (or um), adv. Back, again.

Rus, ruris, n. Country, as opposed

to ciiy.

RusCicus, i,m. Countryman, farm-

er, peasant, husbandman.

Rutilius, ii, m. Rutilius, a Roman

name. Publius Rutilius Rufus,

a Roman consul, slain in the So-

cial \var, (139).

S.

8. An abbreviation for Scxtus, Kp.

for Spurius.

Sabini, drum, m. pi. The Sabiat-f,a

people of Italy, bordering upon

Latium, (U>7).

SCIBSTIA] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABTJLAEY.

Sacer, sacra, sacrum. Sacred.

Sacerdos, oiis, m. and f. (sacer).

Priest, priestess.

Sacrificium, ii,n. Sacrifice.

Sacro, arc, avi, atum, (sacer).To

consecrate.

Sacrum, i,n. Sacred rite or insti-

tution; sacrifice.

Saepe, jus, mime, adv. Often.

Saevio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To rage,

be cruel.

Sagacltas, atisyf. Sagacity, acute-

ness, shrewdness.

Sagax, ads. Acute, sagacious.

Sagitta, ae, f. Arrow.

Sagunium, i,n. Saguntum, a town

.in Spain, on the Mediterranean,

(189).

Saguntlni, drum, m. pi. The Sa-

guntines, citizens of Saguntum,

(189).

Sal'imh, is or mis, f. (ace. Salami-

na\ or Sahmma, ac, f. The

island of Salamis, off the coast of

Attica, (217).

Salubcr, bris, brc, (salus).Health-

ful, salubrious.

Salus, Mis, f. Safety; Salus per-

sonified, the Roman goddess, Set-

his, (20, 7).

Salutilris, e, (salus). Healthful,

wholesome.

Salato, are, avi, atum, (salus).To

salute.

Salve, def. verb. Hail. See 297, III. 1.

Salvus, a, wn. Safe, unhurt.

Samnltes, ium, m. pi. The Sam-

nites, the inhabitants of Sainnium

in Italy, (178).

Samus or Samos, i, f. The island

Samos, on the coast of Asia

Minor.

Sancie, ius, isswie, (sanctus, sacred,

pure), adr. .Chastely, purely,

conscientiously.

Sanguis, inis, m. Blood.

Sahnio, dnis, m. Sannio, a proper

name, (35).

Sapiens, entis. \Viso;subs, a wise

man.

Sapienier, ius, issiinc, adv. (sapiens).

Wisely.

Sapienlia, ae, f. (sapiens).Wisdom.

Sapio, ere, Ivi or i. To taste ;to

have sense, to know, understand,

be v.

Sardcs, ium, f. Saudis, the ancient

il of Lydia.

Sardinia, ae, f. The island of Sar-

dinia, west of Italy, (188).

Safeties, itis, m. and f. Lifeguard,

attendant.

Satio, are, avi, ilium. To rtll,

sa-

tisfy, content.

*dv., adj., subs. Enough, suf-

ficient, sufficiently; satis hablre,

to have enough, be content.

-T, ae, f. Saturnia, the town

and citadel built by Saturn, (148).

Saturnns, i,m. Saturn, the most

ancient king of Latium, (148).

Saudus, a, urn. Wounded, injured,

hurt, sick, intoxicated.

Saxum, i, n. Rock, stone".

Scacvola, ae, m. See Mudus, (172).

Scdestus, a, wn, (-vlus). Wicked,

criminal, infamous.

Scclus, cris, n. Crime, wickedness.

Scena, ac, f."

Scene, stage.

Schola, ac, f. Leisure devoted te

learning ;a place of learning, a

school ;a lecture, dissertation.

Scientia, ae, f. (scio). Knowledge,

science, skill, expertness.

200 LATEST READEK. fScia

Scio, sclre, sdvi, scitum. To know,understand, have knowledge.

Scipio, onis, m. Scipio, the nameof a distinguished Roman family.See Africunus, (190).

Scriba, ae, m.(scribo). Scribe,

clerk.

Scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To

write, prepare.

Scutum, i, n. Shield.

Scythia, ae, f. Scythia, an extensive

country in the north of Europeand Asia, (215).

Scyihae, arum, m. pi. The Scythi-

ans, (215).

Se-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To retire,

withdraw.

Secundum, adv:, and prep, with ace.

After, behind, nest to; according

to, by the side of, along.

Seewndw, a, wn. Second, favorable,'jrous.

/'.raj. But.

Scdccim, indec. (sex, decem). JSix-

teen.

Sedeo, ire, scdi, sessum. To sit, stay.

Sedes, is, f. Seat, abode, residence.

Scditio, onis, f. Quarrel, sedition.

SediliOsus, a, urn, (seditio). Muti-

nous, seditious.

Sedo, are, civi, atum. To allay, quiet.

Scffnis, e. Slothful, inactive.

Sec/niter, ius, issimc, adv. (segnis).

Sbthfully/

Sdcucia, ae, f. Selcucia, a city of

Syria on the Orontes, (206).

Semd, adv. Once.

Scmcntis, is, f. Seed; sowing.

Scmiariimvt, e. Half-alive, half-dead.

Semper, adv. Always, ever.

Scmpilcrnus, a, wn, (semper). Ever-

lasting, imperishable.

Sempronim, ii, m. See Gracchus,

(190).

Senator, Oris, m. (senex). Senator.

Senatus, us, m. (senex). Senate.

Scncctus, uiis, f. (senex). Old age, age.

Senesco, ere, senui. To grow old,

become aged ; sencscens, entis, be-

coming old, aged.

Senex, senis. Old, aged. 16$, 3.

Senex, senis, m. and f. An old man,an aged person.

Senones, wn, m. pi. The Senones, a

powerful people in Gaul, (176).

Sensim, adv.(sentio). Sensibly;

slowly, gradually, by degrees.

Sensus, us, m. Sensation, sense,

perception.

Sententia, ae, f. Opinion, sentence,

sentiment, maxim, axiom, purpose,decision.

Sentio, ire, scnsi, sensum. To per-

ceive, feel, experience; think,

judge.

Sepelio, lre,pellvi or ii, puttu.m. To

bury.

Sepio, Ire, scpsi, septum. To guard,shelter.

Septem, indecl. Seven.

Septimus, a, um, (septem). Se-

venth.

Septingcntesimus, a, um, (scptin-

genti). The seven hundredth.

Septinyenti, ae, a. Seven hundred.

Septuagesimus, a, wfi, (septuaginta).

Seventieth.

Septuaginta, indecl. Seventy.

Scpulcrum, i, n. (sepelio). Grave,

tomb, sepulchre.

Scpultura, ae, f. (sepelio). Burial.

Sequani, drum, m. The Sequani, a

Gallic people, dwelling on the

river Sequana, (23, 15).

SOCIETAS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 201

Scquor, scqui, secutus sum, dcp. To

follow, succeed.

Sergius, ii, m. See Calillna, (207).

Scrmo, dnis, m. Speech, discourse,

conversation.

Sero, ius, isslme, adv. (serus). Late,

too late.

Scrpo, ere, scrpsi, scrptum. To

spread, extend.

Scrus, a, um. Late.

Scrvilius, ii, m. Servilius, a Roman

name.

Servio, Ire, wi or ii, Itum. To be a

slave, to serve, be subject to.

Scrvilus, utis, f. (servio). Servitude,

slavery.

Servius, ii, m. Servius, a Roman/name. Servius Tullius, the six*n

king of Rome, (164).

Servo, are, dvi, atum. To observe,

keep ; preserve.

Servus, i,m. Slave.

Scu. Whether; sou sou, whether

"' or.

Sex, indecl. Six.

Sexagcslmus, a, um, (scxaginta).

Sixtieth.

Sexaginta, indecl. Sixty.

Scxcentesimui}, a, um, (sexcenti). Six

hundredth.

Sexcenti, ae, a. Six hundred.

Sexlus, a, um, (sex). Sixth.

Si, conj. If.

Sic, adv. Thus, so.

Siccus, a, um. Dry.

Sidlia, ae, f. The island of Sicily,

(185).

Sidus, eris, n. A group of stars, a

constellation.

Slgnifico, are, dvi, atum, (signum,

facio). To show, indicate, mean,

signify.'

Signum, i,n. Mark, sign, indica-

tion, standard.

Silentium, ii, n. Silence, stillness,

quiet, repose.

Sileo, ere, ui To be silent, still,

quiet ;to pass over in silence, not

to speak of.

Silvia, ac, f. See Ulica, (152).

Silvius, ii, m. Silvius, the name of

several kings of Alba, the first of

whom was the son of Aeneas,

(150, 151).

Similis, e. Similar, like. 163, 2.

Similltcr, ius, lime, adv. (similis).

In like manner, similarly, in a

similar way. 305, 2.

Slmonidcs, is, m. Simonides, a cele-

brated lyric poet of Cea, (132).

Simid, adv. At the same time.

Simulatio, onis, f. An assumed ap-

pearance, pretence, simulation, de-

ceit, hypocrisy.

Sin,, conj. But if.

Sine, prep, with abl. "Without.

Singularis, e. Single, singular, re-

markable.

Singalus, a, um. Single, one by one.

Sinister, tra, trum. Left, on the

left.

Sino, ere, sivi, siium. To permit ;

allow; situs, put, placed, situated.

Sinus, us, m. Bosom, bay.

Si-quis or siqui, siqua, siquid or si-

quod, indef. pron. If any, if anyone.

Sitis, is, f. Thirst, desire.

Sobrius, a, um. Sober, temperate,

moderate, reasonable.

Soccr, tri, m. Father-in-law.

Socidlis, e, (socius). Social, friendly.

Sodctas, atis, f. (socius). League,

alliance, partnership, society.

202 LATIN READER. [Socius

Socius, ii, m. Ally, confederate.

Socrates, is, m. Socrates, a cele-

brated Grecian philosopher, (20, 8).

Sol, soils, m. Sun.

Solemnis, e. Stated, established;

religious, solemn.

Solemriitcr, adv. (solemnis). Sol-

emnly, in due form.

Solco, ere, itus sum. To be accus-

tomed, be wont. 272, 3.

Solldus, a, um. Solid.

Solitado, mis, f. (solus). Solitude.

Solltus, a, um, (soleo). Usual.

Sollertla, ac, f. Sagacity, shrewd-

ness.

Solon, onis, m. Solon, a celebrate'd

Athenian law-giver and one of the

seven wise men of Greece, (128).

Solum, adv. (solus). Only, alone.

Solus, a, um. Alone. 149.

Soltdus, a, um, (solvo). Unrestrain-

ed, dissolute.

Solvo, ere, solvi, sclatum. To loose,

unbind;to pay.

Somnio, are, dvi, atum, (somnium),,

To dream.

Somnium, ii, n. Dream.

Somnus, i,m. Sleep.

Somtus, us, m. (sono). Sound, noise.

Sono, are, ui, itum. To sound, ut-

ter, speak, call, express, mean.

Sonus, i, m. (sono). Sound.

Sophocles, is and i, m. Sophocles,

a celebrated Grecian tragic poet,

(55).

jSordldus, a, um. Sordid, soiled,

filthy, base, mean.

Soror, dris, f. Sister.

Sors, sortis, f. Lot.

Sparta, ac, f. Sparta, the capital of

Laconia, in the Peloponnesus;

also called Laccdacmon.

Spartanus, a, um, adj. (Sparta).

Spartan; subs. Sparlanus, i, m.,

a Spartan, (222).

Spariacus, i, m. Spartacus, a cele-

brated gladiator who waged war

against the Romans, (204).

Spatium, ii, n. Space.

Species, Ii, f. Appearance, guise.

Spectacalum, i, n. (specto).-

Specta-

cle, show.

Specto, are, avi, atum. To view,

witness. Spectdtus, a, um. Tried,

proved, illustrious.

Sperno, ere, sprcvi, sprelum. To

despise, reject, contemn, scorn,

spurn.

Spero, are, dvi, atum. To expect,

hope ;flatter one's self.

Spes, ei, f. Hope.

Spolio, are, avi, atum, (spolium). To

rob; spoil ; despoil.

Spolium, ii, n. Plunder, spoil,

booty.

Spontis, gen. sponte, abl. sing. Of

or for himself, itself, of one's own

accord, on one's own account, vo-

luntarily, spontaneously.

Spurius, ii, m. Sea Posluinius<Q.n&

Lucretius.

Stabilltas, Cdis, f. Immovability,

steadfastness, stability.

Stadium, ii, n. A stade or stadium,

a measure equal to 606 English

feet; race-course, race-ground.

Slatim, adv. (sto). At once, imme-

diately.

Statio, dnis, f. (sto). Station, post;

residence.

Statua, ae, f. (statuo). Statue.

Slatuo, ere, ui, utum, (status, from

sto). To determine; appoint,

place.

StTFFICIO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 203

Stattlra, ae, f. (status, from sto).

Height, size of the body, stature.

Status, ^ls, m. (sto). State, condition.

Stella, ac, f. Star.

Sterno, ere, stravi, stratum. To

prostrate.

Slo, stare, steti, statum. To stand.

Stragcs, is, f. Slaughter, defeat.

Strangulo, are, . avi, dtum. To

strangle.

Strcnue, adv. (strenuus). Vigor-

% ously, carefully.

S'renuus, a, um. Active, valiant.

Studco, ere, ui. To study, favor, be

attached to;to devote one's self

to;be zealous.

Sludiose, ius, issime, adv. (studio-

sus). Diligently, earnestly.

Studiosus, a, um, (studium). Eager,

desirous, zealous; friendly, stu-

dious.

Sludium, ii, n. Zeal, study, desire,

pursuit.

Slultitia, ae, f. (stultus). Folly, fool-

ishness, simplicity.

Stultus, a, um. Foolish, simple,

silly.

Suadeo, ere, suasi, suasum. To ad-

vise.

Sub, prep, with ace. or abl. Under,at the foot of.

Sub-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To take

away, withdraw.

Subigo, ere, egi, actum, (sub, ago).

To subdue, conquer.

Subito, adv. (subitus, from subeo).

Suddenly, unexpectedly.

Sublime, adv. (sublinais). Aloft,

loftily, on high.

Subllmis, e. High, on high.

Sub-mergo, ere, mcrsi, mersunt. To

dip or plunge under; to sink,

overwhelm, submerge. Pass. Tobe overwhelmed, to sink.

Sub-rideo, ere, rlsi, rlsum. To smile,

laugh.

Subsidiiim, ii, n. The reserve; aid,

reinforcement.

Sub-silio, ire, silui and silii, (sub,

salio). To leap or jump up, lerv>,

jump.

Sub-sum, esse, fui. To be at hand

or near, be under.

Subter, prep, with ace. or abl. Be-

low, beneath, under.

Sub-traho, $re, traxi, tractum. To

take away, remove, subtract,

Sub-venio, Ire, vent, ventum. To

come to;to aid, relieve.

Sub-verto, ere, verti, versum. To

overturn, overthrow, destroy, sub-

vert.

Succedo, ere, cessi, ccssum, (sub,

cedo). To succeed, come after.

Succcssio, oris, f. (succedo). Suc-

cession.

Successor, onu, m. (succGdo). Suc-

cessor.

Successus, us, m. (succgdo). Success.

Suc-cumbo, ere, cubui, cubitum. To

yield, submit to.

Sitffetius, ii, m. SufFetius. Meiius

Suffetius, dictator of the Albans.

Having been summoned to aid

the Romans against the Veien-

tines, he drew off his forces at the

very moment of battle, and await-

ed the issue of the engagement.

For this perfidy he was put to

death by order of Tullius Hosti-

lius (160).

'do, ere, fed, fcctum, (sub, fa-

cio). To substitute;be sufficient,

suffice.

LATIN READEK. [SCFFUNDO

Sujfitndo, ere, fudi, fusum, (sub,

fundo). To spread over, pour

through; suffuse.

Sul, sibl. Himself, herself, itself.

Sulla, aeym. Sulla, a distinguished

Koman dictator and general,

(202).

A?.:;//?, csse, fui. To be.

Snmma, ae, f. (summus). Supreme

power.

Summovco, ere, mdvi, motum, (sub,

moveo). To remove, displace,

Summus. See Superus.

SMIO, ere, sumpsi, sumptum. To

take, inflict.

Sumptus, its, in. (sumo). Expense,

cost.

Super, prep, with ace. or abl. Over,

above, upon ; of, concerning, at,

at the time of.

Superbia, ae, f. (superbus). Pride,

haughtiness.

Superbus, a, urn. Proud.

Superbus, i,m. Superbus, the sur-

name of Tarquin, the last king of

Rome, (167).

SupSro, arc, avi, citum, (supcrus).

To surpass ; conquer ; pass by,

cross.

f

ttio, onis, f. (supersto). Su-

perstition.

Super-sum, csse, fui. To remain, be

left, survive.

'.<;, a, um ; cornp. superior ;

superl. sitpremus or summus.

High, above; past, former. 163,

8.

cnio, Ire, vcni, ventum. To

come to, surprise.

Siipplcmentum, i, n. Supplies, re-

inforcement.

Supplex, icis, (sub, plico). Humbly

begging, submissive, beseeching,

suppliant ; subs, a suppliant.

Supplicium, ii, n. Punishment.

Supra, prep, with ace. Above,

upon.

Supremus. See Superus.

Surripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (sub,

rapio). To snatch away ;to steal,

pilfer, purloin.

Suscipio, ere, cepi} ccptum, (sub, ca-

pio). To bear, endure;receive

;

undertake, engage in.

Suspendo, ere, pendi, pensum, (sub,

pendo). To suspend, hang up.

Suspcnsus, a, um, (suspendo). Un-

certain, undecided;anxious.

Suspicio, onis, f. (suspicor). Suspi-

cion.

Suspicio, ere, spcxi,' spectum, (sub,

specio). To suspect.

Suspicor, ari, dtus sum, (suspicio),

dep. To suspect.

Sustento, are, avi, atum, (sustineo).

To hold up, support, sustain;en-

dure, suffer; delay. 332, I. 2.

Sustineo, ere, tinui, tentum, (sub,

teneo). To sustain, withstand;

endure, endure the thought of.

Sutis, a, um. His, her, its, their;

pi. often, one's party, friends.

Syraciisac, arum, f. pi. Syracuse, a

city in Sicily, (185).

Syracusdni, drum, m. pi. The Sy-

racusans, the citizens of Syra-

cuse, (223). i

vv<V/OT.

ktfW^'

T-. An abbreviation of Titus.

Tabcrnaculum, i, n. Tent. Jby

Tacco, ere, tapd, taciturn. To be

silent, not to speak, to pass over

in silence.

TEBRITORIUM] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 205

Tacitus, a, um. Silent, secret, tacit.

Tactus, us, m. Touch.

Taedet, ere, tacduit or tacsum cst, im-

pers. It disgusts, wearies.

Talentum, i, n. Talent, sum of

money, somewhat more than

$1,000.

Tolls, e, such.

Tarn. So;tarn quam, so as.

Tamen, conj. Yet, nevertheless.

Tametsi, conj. (tamen, etsi). Not-

withstanding that, although,

though.

Tanaquil, His, f. Tanaquil, the wife

of Tarquinius Priscus, (165).

Tandem, adv. At length.

Tanquam, adv. As, just as.

Tantum. Only.

Tantus, a, um. Such, so great, so

much;tanti esse, to be worth the

while.

Tarentum, i, n. Tarentum, a town

of Lower Italy, (184).

Tarentlni, drum, m. pi. The Taren-

tines, the inhabitants of Taren-

tum, (180).

Tarpeia, ae, f. Tarpeia, a Roman

maiden, who betrayed the citadel

of Rome to the Sabines, (156).

Tarpeius, ii, m. Tarpeius, one of

the seven hills of Rome, also call-

ed Capitollnus. The Capitol was

erected upon it. Afterwards the

term Tarpeius was iipplicd to

the southern summit of the hill,'

Tarquinii, drum, m. pi. Tarquinii,

an ancient town of Etruria, (49,

10).

Tarquinius, ii, m. Tarquin, the

name of the fifth king of Romeand of his descendants, as Tar-

quinius Superbus, the last king

of Rome;and Tarquinius Golla,-

tlnus, the colleague of Brutus in

the consulship, (169).

Tectum, i, n. (tego). Covering, roof;

house, edifice.

Tego, ere, texi, tectum. To cover.

Telum, i, n. Weapon.

Temerc, adv. Rashly.

Temeritas, atis, f. Rashness, indis-

cretion, temerity.

Tempestas, atis, f. (tempus). Time;

tempest, storm.

Tempestlve, adv. (tempestlvus, time-

ly). Seasonably, jus^ at the time,

opportunely.

Templum, i, n. Temple.

Tempus, orin, n. Time. Tempora,

times, seasons, events.

Temulentus, a, um. Drunk, intoxi-

cated.

Teneo, ere, m, tcntum. To hold,

keep, occupy ; obtain, retain, as in

the memory.

Tento, are, avi, atum, (tendo). To

try ;attack. 332, I. 2.

Tenus, prep, with abl. Up to, as

far as.

Terentius, ii, m. See Varro, (191).

Ter-geminus, a, um, Threefold;

tergemini, three brothers born at

a birth.

Tergum, i, n. Back.

Termmo, are, avi, atum, (terminus).

To limit, bound.

Terminus, i, m. Limit, boundary;

end.

Terra, ae, f. Earth, land, country.

Terreo, ere, ^t^, itum. To terrify.

Terrester, iris, ire, (terra). Terres-

trial, on land, laud (as adj.).

Tcrritorium, ii, n. Territory.

206 LATIN HEADER. [TERROR

Terror om, m. (terreo). Terror,

alarm;

fear of.

Tcrtius, a, um. Third.

Testamentum, i, n. Testament, will.

Testis, is, m. and f. Witness.

Testor, uri, ulus sum, (testis). To

affirm;call to witness.

Testiido, tnis, f. Tortoise.

Thales, is, m. Thales, a celebrated

Grecian philosopher of Miletus,

one of the seven wise men, (114).

Tlieatrum, i, n. Theatre.

Thcbae, arum, f. pi. Thebes, the

capital of Boeotia in Greece, (230).

Thebanus, a% um, adj. (Thebae).

Theban, (229); subs. Thebunus,

i, m., a Theban.

Thelesinus, ,m. See Pontius,

(28, 10).

Themistodes, is, m. Themistocles,

a celebrated Athenian commander,

(132134).

Theocritus, i, m. Theocritus, a ce-

lebrated Grecian poet, (130).

Theophrastus, i, m. Theophrastus,

a Grecian philosopher, a disciple

of Plato and Aristotle, (129).

Thermopylae, arum, f. pi. Thermo-

pylae, the famous defile or pass

between Locris and Thessaly,

where Leonidas fell, (218).

TJicssalia, ae, f. The country of

Thessaly, in Greece, south of Ma-

cedonia, (210).

Thessalus, a, um, adj. Thessalian;

subs. Thessalus, i, m., a Thessa-

lian, i

'us, i, m. Thessalus, a native

of Thesprotia, in Epirus, who is

said to have formed a settlement

in Thessaly, and to have given his

name to the country.

Thorax, dcis, m. Breastplate, coat/

of-mail, corselet.

Thracia, ae, f. The country of

Thrace, east of Macedonia, (231).

TJtrasybidw, i, m. Thrasybulus, an

Athenian who liberated the city

from the Thirty Tyrants, (13G,

228). -

Thucydldes, is, m. Thucydidcs, a

celebrated Greek historian, (77).

TibSris, is, m. The river Tiber, in

Italy, (153).

Tiberius, ii, m. Tiberius, the second

Roman emperor, (145).

Ticlnus, i, m. Ticinus, a river in

Cisalpine Gaul, famous for the

victory of Hannibal over the Ro-

mans, (190, 194).

Tigrancs, is, m. Tigranes, son-in-

law of Mithridates and king of Ar-

menia, (205).

Timeo, ere, ui. To fear.

Timidus, a, um, (timeo). Cowardly,

timid.

Timoleon, ontis, m. Timoleon, a

Corinthian general, (51).

Timotheus, ei, m. Timotheus, an

Athenian general, son of Conon,

(49, 12).

Tintinnabulum, i, n. Bell.

Tiresias, ae, m. Tiresias, a cele-

brated blind soothsayer of Thebes,

(24, 11).

Tissaphernes, is, m. Tissaphernes,

a distinguished Persian satrap of

Lower Asia, under Darius;

after-

wards general in the service of

Artaxcrxes, (225).

Titus, i, m. Titus, a Roman em-

peror, (141). See also Quindius,

(177).

Tollo, tret sustali, sublatum. To

TuiGINTAj LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 207

raise, take up, elate;take away ;

destroy ;discard.

Tondeo, ere, totondi, tonsum. To

shear, clip, crop; graze, browse;

pluck, gather:

Torquatus, i, m. Torquatus, sur-

name of Titus Manlius and his

descendants, (177).

Torquis, is, m. and f. Collar, chain

for the neck.

Tot, indecl. So many.;

Tofldem, indecl. Just as many, the

same number.

Totus, a, urn. All, the whole, some-

times best rendered by adv. wholly,

entirely. 149, 443.

Tracto, are, avi, atum. To use,

treat, manage.

Trado, ere, dldi, dltum, (trans, do).

To deliver, give, consign to;also

to relate, say ;traditur (when

impers.), it is said.

Traduco, ere, duxi, ductum, (trans,

duco).' To lead across, transport.

Tragoedia, ae, f. Tragedy.

Tragoedus, i, m. Tragedian.

Traho, ere, traxi, tractum. To draw;

protract; delay, detain, derive,

influence.

Trajicio, ere, jeci, jectum, (trans,

jacio). To throw over;to cross

;

conduct over,, lead over.

Trano, are, avi, atum, (trans, no).

To swim over.

Trans, prep, with ace. Across, be-

yond.

Trans-duco= traduco.

Trans-co, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To go

over, to cross. 295, 3.

Trans-firo, ferre, tuli, latum. To

transport, transfer, translate.

Trans-figo, ere, fixi, fixum. To

transfix, to thrust through, to

pierce through.

Transgredior, gredi, gressus sum,

dep.' (trans, gradior). To go or

pass over.

Translgo, ere, egi, actum, (trans,

ago). To accomplish, finish, pass,

spend.

Transilio, Ire, ivi, ii or ui, (trans,

salio). To leap or pass over.

Transitus, m, m. (transeo). Passage.

Trans-marlnus, a, um. Transma-

rine, over the sea.

Trans-no=trano.

Trans-porto, arc, avi, . atum. To

carry or convey from one place to

another, carry across, transport.

Trasimenus, i, m. Lake Trasime-

nus in Etruria, (190).

Trebia, ae, f. The river Trebia in

Cisalpine Gaul, (190).

Trecentesimus, a, um, (trecenti). The

three hundredth.

Trecenti, ae, a. Three hundred.

Tredccim, indecl. Thirteen.

Tremo, ere, tremui. To shake,

quake, tremble, quiver.

Trcptdus, a, um. Alarmed, in

terror.

Tres, tria. Three.

Tribunus, i, m. Tribune.

Tribuo, ere, ui, utum. To bestow,

impute, award.

Tribuiarius, a, um. Tributary.

Tributum, i, n. (tribuo). Tax,

tribute.

Triceslmus, a, um. The thirtieth.

Triennium, ii, n. The space of

three years, three years.

TrigeminuK =.tergemmus.

Trigeslmus= tricesimus.

Trif/htla, indecl. Thirty.

208 LATIN KEADEK. [TlilPLEX

Triplex, ids. Triple, threefold.

Tripudio, are, avi. To leap, dance.

Trip'us, odis, m. Tripod.

Tt'ircmis, is, f. (tres, remus). Galley

with three banks of oars.

Tririmis, c, adj. Having three banks

of oars.

Tr/.N'is, c. Sad.

Triumplio, are, avi, alum, (tri-

umphus). Ton triumph, have a

triumphal procession.

Triumphus,i, m. Triumph.

Troczen, tnh, f. (ace. Troczlna).

Troezen, an ancient city of Argo-

lis, (217).

Troja, ac, f. The city of Troy, (33, C).

Trojiini, Orum, m. pi. (Troja). The

Trojans, (149).

Trojunus, a, urn, (Treja). Trojan,

(236).

Tropaeum, i, n. Trophy, victory.

Truc'ido, are, avi, alum, (trux, cae-

do). To slay, massacre.

Trux,, truds. Fierce, stern.

Tit, tui. Thou, you.

Tuba, ac, f. Trumpet.

Tublccn, mis, m. Trumpeter.

Tueor, Iri, tu~itus or tutus sum, dep.

To look upon ; preserve, defend.

Tullia, ac, f. Tullia, the daughter

of Servius Tullius, and wife of

Tarquinius Superbus, (166).

Tullim, ii, m. See Servius, (164).

Tullus, i, m.'

See Hostihus, (160).

Turn. Then; turn turn, not only

but also;both and.

Tumuliuo, fire, avi, alum, (tumultus).

To make a noise or tumult.

'>/,<?, us, m. Tumult, sedition.

Tunidlus, i, m. Tomb, grave.

Tune, adv. Then;

tune temporis,

then. 396, 2, 4.

Tunica, ac, f. Tunic, coat, a gar-

ment worn under the toga.

Turba, ae, f. Crowd, throng, mul-

titude.

Turbo, are, avi, atum, (turba). To

disturb, throw into confusion.

Turgcsco, ere, turgui. To swell, to

swell with passion.

Turplter, ius, issime, adv. (turpis,

base). Basely, disgracefully, in

disgrace.

Turris, is, f. Tower.

Tuscidum, i, n. Tusculum, an an-

cient town in Latium, (172).

Tutor, oris, m. Tutor, guardian.

Tutus, a, wn. Safe.

Tuus, a, um, adj. pron. (tu). Thy,

thine, your, yours.

Tt/ra?mis, idis, f. (tyrannus). Ty-

ranny.

Tyrannus, i, m. Tyrant, monarch.

U

Uber, cris, n. Udder, dug.

Ubertas, atis, f. Richness, fertility.

Ubi, adv. Where, when, sometimes

interrog.

Ubii, orum, m. pi. The Ubii, an

ancient Germanic people dwelling

on the Rhine, (94).

Ubmam, adv. Where, in what part

of?

Ublque. Everywhere.

Ullus, a, um. Any, any one. 149.

Ulterior, us ; superl. ulttmm. Fur-

ther, more remote; superl. last.

166.

Ullio, onis, f. Revenge.

Ultra, adv., and prep, with ace. Be-

yond, more than.

Ultro, adv. Voluntarily, of one'g

own accord.

VASTO] LATEST-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 209

Ululo, are, avi, alum. To howl, to

cry aloud, to shriek.

Umbra, ae, f.. Shade, shadow.

Unde, adv. Whence, also intcrrog.

whence ? ^-v^Undecim, indecl. Eleven.

Undequinquaginta, indecl. Forty-

nine.

Undeviccsimus, a, urn. Nineteenth.

Undique, adv. From all quarters

or sides.

Unguentum, i, n. Ointment, per-

fume.

Unguis, is, m. Nail, claw, talon.

Ungida, ae, f. Claw, talon, hoof.

Universus, a, urn. Whole,, entire;

all together.

Unquam, adv. At any time,

ever.

Unus, a, urn. One, alone. 176.

Unus-quisque, unaquaeque, etc.

(unus, quisque, both parts de-

clined). Each, each one.

Urbs, urbis, f. City.

Urgeo, ere, ursi. To urge, drive;

press upon.

Usque, adv. So far as; usque ad,

even to; usque eo, to such an

extent.,

Usurpo, are, avi, atum. To usurp,

assume.

Usus, m, m. Use, service; expe-

rience;need.

Ut or uti, conj. That, as; after

verbs offearing, that not.

Utcumque or utcunque, adv. How-

ever, somewhat.

Uter, tra, trum, adj. Which ? which

of the two ? 149.

Utcrque, utraque, utrumque, like

uter. Both, each. 149, 4.

Wills, e. Useful.

Utifitas, atis, f. (utilis). Utility, ser-

vice, advantage.

Utor, uti, usus sum. To use.

Utrimque or utrinque, adv. On both

Utrum, in double questions. Whe-ther.

Uva, ae, f. A bunch of grapes, a

grape.

Uxor, 6m, f. Wife.

Vaco, fire, avi, atum. To be empty,

vacant, to have leisure for;

be

free from.

Vacuus, a, um. Vacant, empty,

free from.

Vadum, i, n. Ford, shallow water.

Vagitus, us, m. Crying.

Vagor, ari, atus sum. To wander

about.

Vagus, a, um. Wandering, doubt-

ful, uncertain, vague.

Valco, ere, ui, itum. To have

strength, avail, be well.

Valerius, ii, m. Valerius, a Romanname. See Publicula, Laev'mus,

(169, 180).

Valetudo, inis. f. (valeo). Habit,

state of the body, health, state of

health.

Vamis, a, um. Empty, vain, false.

Varietas, atis, f. (varius). Variety,

change.

Varius, a, um. Various.

Varro, onis, m. Varro, a Roman

name. Cairn Tcrentius Varro, a.

Roman consul defeated at Can-

nae, (191).

Vas, vasis, n. Vessel, dish, vase.

Vasto, are, avi, atum, (vastus). To

lay waste, devastate, pillage.

210 LATIN READEK. [VASTUS

. a, urn. . Waste, desert, vast.

Vafcfi, is, m. and f. Pronhet, pro-

plietcss.

Vedigal, alls, n. Tax, income,

revenue.

Vcho, crc, vcxi, vectam. To carry,

bear.

Vcientcs, um, or Veicntani, orum, m.

pi. The Veientians, or Yeien-

tines, the inhabitants of Veii in

Etruria, (175).

Ft'/, ^bj. Or, even;

vcl vel,

eithe^B-or.

VdoxJtps. Swift, rapid, fleet.

Vel-utffir vcl-i(fi, adv. As, like as,

as if.

Vcnalis,'

e. To be sold, for sale,

purchasable.

Vendo, ere, didi, ditum. To sell;

sub corona vendcrc, to eell as

slaves.

Venenum, i, n. Poison.

Venio, ire, vcni, ventitm. To come.

Venor, art, c'ttus sum, dep. To

hunt, chase, pursue.

Venter, tris, m. Belly, stomach.

Ventus, i, m. Wind.

Venus, cris, f. Venus, the goddessof love, (28).

Verbum, i, n. Word.

Vercor, cri, veritus sum, dep. To

fear, to be afraid.

Verltas, atis, f. Truth.

Vero, a'lv. and conj. (verus). Truly,

indeed; but.

Vcrres, ?v, m. Yerres, a Romanname. Caius Cornelius Verres

renJercd himself notorious by his

abuse of power in Sicily, (43).

Verso, arc, firi, atum, or versor, dep.

(verto). To turn; busy one's self,

bo occupied wi;h. 332, I. 2.

Versus, us, m. A verse.

Vertex, wis, m. (verto). Summit,

top.

Verto, crc, vcrti, vcrsum. To turn.

Verum, conj. But.

Verus, a, um. True, real.

Vescor, vcsci. To enjoy, feed upon,

live upon, to eat.^

Vesper, cris or cri, m. Evening.

Vespera, ae, f. Evening.

Vesperasco, ere, vcsperavi, (vesper).

To become evening.

Vesta, ae, f. Yesta, the goddess of

the hearth, to whom a perpetual

fire was kept burning, (152).

Vestdlis, c, adj. (Yesta). Yestal, re-

lating to Yesta, (152).

Vester, tra, trum. Your.

Vestibulum, i, n. Yestibule, en-

trance.

Vcstio, Ire, Ivi, Hum, (vestis). To

clothe.

Vestis, is, f. Garment.

Veterdnus, a, um, (vetus). Yete*

ran.

Veto, fire, id, tium. To forbid.

Veiuria, ac, f. Ycturia, the mother

of Coriolanus, (174).

Vclurhis, ii, m. Ycturius>a Roman

name. Titus Veturius, a Romanconsul defeated by the Sa:

at the Caudine Forks, (179).

Vetus, cris. Old, of long standing,

ancient.

Vdustas, atis, f. (vetus). Antiquity,

age.

Vdustus, 'a,urn. Old, ancient.

Via, ac, f. Way.

Viator, tris, m. Traveller.

Viees";niv,s, a, um. Twentieth.

. <7, um. Neighboring.

Vicis, gen. f. Change, reverse, al-

VOLTUSJ LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 211

ternation, requital ; fate, fortune;

in vican or vicem, in turn, place.

133, 1.

Vidssitudo. mis, f. (vicis). Change,

alternation, vicissitude, succes-

sion.

Victor, 6m, m. (vinco). Con-

queror.

Victoria, ae, f. Victory.

Victus, a, um, part, (vinco

vuered, vanquished.

Vicus, i, m. Visage.

Video, ere, di, sum. To see;

videor, etc., to be seen;to seem.

Viyeo, Ire, ui. "To flourish, thrive,

be in force.

Vigilantia, ac, f. "\Vakefulness, vi-

gilance.

V^/inti, indec. Twenty.

Vilis, c. Lo\v, cheap, base, vile.

Vincio, Ire, vinxi, vinctum. .To

bind.

Vinco, ere, vici, victum. To con-

qher.

Vinculuin^Q? vinclum, i, n. Fetter,

chain. ~""--.-.^

\Vindcx, ids, m. and f. Dcfr^-

Vindico, arc, avi, aturn. To ep&m^rescue, defend; punish, avc:

Vinolentus, a, um, (vinum). Full-'o

wine, intoxicated with winev^^Vinum, i, n. Wine. /^Violo, are, avi, atum. T& violate, do

violence to; profane, harm.

Vir, viri, m. Man, hero, ^husband.

Virrja, ac, f. Rod, twig.

Viryo, Inin, f. Virgin, maiden.

Vii-ff In, (ff, f. Small rod, rod.

, I'tis, f. (vir). Manliness,

bravery, virtue.

Vis, w-, f.; pi. vires. Power, strcngt

force ; forces ; abundance.

Viscus, cris, n. Vitals, bowels.

Visa, ire, si, sum. To view, see,

visit.

Vita, ae, f. Life.

Vilis, is, f. Vine.

Vilium, ii, n. Fault, vice, crime.

Vitupero, are, avi, atum. To cen-

sure, blame, find fault with.

Vivo, ere, vixi, victum. . To live.

Vkius, a, um. Living, alive.

Vocabftfym, i,n. , Designation, name,

word. \..

*^

Voco, arc, CivI, ('turn, (voj).

To

call, nan:r\

'olo, are, Civi,-fitum. To fly.

'. vellc, rohii, ii-ro^. To will, be

lling, wish, desire;sibi vcllc, to

mean. 293; 389, 2.

Volsd, orum, m. pi. -The Volsci or

Volscians, a people of Latium,

(174).

Volacer, cris, ere, (volo).^ Flying,

winged ; swift, rapid ;subs, a

bird.

Volumnia, ac, f. Voluninia, the

wife of Coriolanus, (174).

Voluntaries, a, um, (vohintas). Vo-

\ luntary, willing, spontaneous.

\Voluntas, atis, f. (volo). Wish, in-

/ clination, good will.

Voluptas, dtis, f. Pleasure.

Vovco, ere, vovi, votum. To vow,

dedicate, consecrate.

Vox, vocis, f. Voice, word.

Vulgus, i, n. Populace, common

people.

^ulnZro, arc, avi, Cdum, (valnus).

\ To wound.

Wulnus, cris, n. Wound.

v 'Vulpes, is, f. Fox.

IMS, us, m. Countenance.

212 LATIN 3JEADER.

Xanthippus, i, m. Xanthippus, a

Spartan commander, who took

Regulus prisoner in the first Punic

war, (186).

Xerxes, is, m. Xerxes, a celebrated

Persian king, (137, 217).

Xenophon^ ontis^ m. Xenophon, a

Greek historian, and the leader of

the Greeks in the famous retreat

of the ten thousand, (142). .

Zama, ae, f. Zama, a town of Nu-

midia, in Africa, famous for the

victory of Scipio over Hannibal,

(196).

TF. a CJIEWETT & CO:S PUBLICATIONS.

Harkness's Latin Grammar.From

'

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j

with, its plun, ,

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; i '._ ; . my." yVMr, JOHN" D. PHII^RICR:

: entcf Public School*, Boston, .

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perl'or . uascti/iior theVmipilatiop of a more book

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aim of the author seems to be !

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From41 The longer I us

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Fr" Harkness^

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From.1 it an

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An introductory Latin book : intended as an elementary drill ...

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