Agriculture Department Policy Note 2006-2007 Demand No. 5 ...
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1 2 Agriculture Department Policy Note 2006-2007 Demand No. 5 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION However they roam the world must follow still the plougher’s team; Though toilsome, culture of the ground as noblest toil esteem. -Ayyan Thiruvalluvar Though the world is revolving around various professions, it always rallies behind Agriculture. Hence, Agriculture is the lead profession in spite of various difficulties. - Dr. Kalaignar’s Kuraloviam The importance given by the government ofTamil Nadu to agriculture has been very useful not only for the agriculture sector, but also for the over all development of the state. Agriculture has a major share in fulfilling the needs of the industry in the state. Right amount of investment in technology and development of agricultural marketing has helped to considerably increase food grain production. Particularly, the approach of planned training, integrated farming system, use of bio-fertilizers, intensive crop protection system, integrated fertigation, organic farming, vigorous hybrid crops and transgenic crops are the anchors of food production. In the years to come, strategies to increase agricultural growth are to be explored and adopted. Specifically, though area under paddy and oil seeds has been declining due to several reasons, higher agricultural production can be achieved through higher productivity. Due to increased poultry and cattle feed demand, area under maize had increased considerably. Though cash crops productivity, especially sugarcane production has increased only marginally, total production expanded considerably, paving way for growth of sugar factories and associated industries. Since cotton is largely grown in rain-fed conditions productivity has achieved only 0.20 per cent growth. Though productivity of important oil seeds such as groundnut and gingelly has increased, required production could not be attained due to reduction in area. Challenges to be faced and approaches Declining area cultivated, rainfall, reduced investment in agriculture, overexploitation of ground water, deterioration of the irrigation tanks and lack of maintenance, agricultural labour scarcity, inadequate post harvest and storage infrastructure could largely affect agricultural growth. The Government has to face these challenges with a multidimensional scientific approach. In Tamil Nadu, production of cotton, pulses and oilseeds has to be increased. As far as cotton is concerned, due to reduced yield and less profit, the area under cultivation is declining. Today’s requirement is to produce quality cotton to meet the market demand. Though various steps have been taken to increase production of pulses, to meet the current
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Transcript of Agriculture Department Policy Note 2006-2007 Demand No. 5 ...
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Agriculture Department Policy Note 2006-2007
Demand No. 5 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
However they roam the world must follow still the plougher’s team; Though toilsome, culture of the ground as noblest toil esteem.
-Ayyan Thiruvalluvar
Though the world is revolving around various professions, it always rallies behind Agriculture. Hence, Agriculture is the lead profession in spite of various difficulties.
- Dr. Kalaignar’s Kuraloviam
The importance given by the government ofTamil Nadu to agriculture has been very useful not only for the agriculture sector, but also for the over all development of the state. Agriculture has a major share in fulfilling the needs of the industry in the state.
Right amount of investment in technology and development of agricultural marketing has helped to considerably increase food grain production. Particularly, the approach of planned training, integrated farming system, use of bio-fertilizers, intensive crop protection system, integrated fertigation, organic farming, vigorous hybrid crops and transgenic crops are the anchors of food production. In the years to come, strategies to increase agricultural growth are to be explored and adopted.
Specifically, though area under paddy and oil seeds has been declining due to several reasons, higher agricultural production can be achieved through higher productivity.
Due to increased poultry and cattle feed demand, area under maize had increased considerably. Though cash crops productivity, especially sugarcane production has increased only marginally, total production expanded considerably, paving way for growth of sugar factories and associated industries.
Since cotton is largely grown in rain-fed conditions productivity has achieved only 0.20 per cent growth. Though productivity of important oil seeds such as groundnut and gingelly has increased, required production could not be attained due to reduction in area.
Challenges to be faced and approaches
Declining area cultivated, rainfall, reduced investment in agriculture, overexploitation of ground water, deterioration of the irrigation tanks and lack of maintenance, agricultural labour scarcity, inadequate post harvest and storage infrastructure could largely affect agricultural growth.
The Government has to face these challenges with a multidimensional scientific approach. In Tamil Nadu, production of cotton, pulses and oilseeds has to be increased. As far as cotton is concerned, due to reduced yield and less profit, the area under cultivation is declining. Today’s requirement is to produce quality cotton to meet the market demand. Though various steps have been taken to increase production of pulses, to meet the current
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demand, an additional 1.8 lakh tonnes has to be produced. Similar situation prevails in the case of oil seeds production also.
In Tamil Nadu, when the cropped area is declining, to increase agricultural production, the attention must be directed towards not only improving the wastelands but also improving soil fertility by following several measures. For example, in Cauvery delta and other river command areas 1.5 lakh hectare are affected by salinity. Measures must be taken to reclaim such areas and bring them under cultivation.
In Tamil Nadu, 52 per cent of the area comes under rain-fed agriculture. In such areas, due to lack of appropriate irrigation methods, the agriculture production efficiency remains only at 50 per cent. To improve the productive capacity of such lands, technology, inputs and capital are the unavoidable requirements. Therefore, to increase the productivity of the rain-fed areas, development and use of crop varieties with higher production potential and soil-water conservation techniques should be followed. Beside watershed development programme, integrated horticulture development programme, water management, deepening and cleaning irrigation tanks and irrigation channels, farmers welfare programmes and farmers markets are the appropriate measures.
In the past 50 years, as the well irrigation area has increased three times, the ground water has depleted and water scarcity has increased. Crop losses up to 25 per cent may result due to depleting ground water. Therefore, water use efficiency improving methods are to be adopted. Water saving techniques and drought tolerant crop varieties should be evolved. The drip irrigation methods, while saving water between 20 and 40 per cent, would result in 10 to 20 per cent increase in crop productivity. To promote adoption of technologies such as application of nutrients through drip and other irrigation methods, training to farmers is important.
Farmer centered research, the ATMA model extension, input distribution, firm and profitable marketing opportunities, should be examined and reformed. Contract farming, cooperative farming, joint farming and public-private partnership in agriculture development programmes have the potential to increase benefits.
For the poor people, particularly agricultural women, technologies to increase the economic benefits of their effort and time are required. Increasing production efficiency of small and marginal farms, creating livelihood opportunities through diversified farming systems comprising crop and livestock and agricultural processing will result in benefits to them.
Major challenge to the farmers following organic farming in the current situation is to increase the organic carbon content of the soil to one per cent and to increase the use of organic fertilizers to 10 per cent. Soil quality management plays a major role in increasing the production potential of marginal and small farms. There is need for technical advice to improve the waste lands and increase the biological potential in them. Further, we need to devise ways and act, considering the agro-climatic situation, profitable market, and sustaining soil qualities and environment, to improve the socio- economic conditions of the farmers.
Further, the globalization process has increased the scope to export agricultural produce. At the same time we should also take measures to protect farmers from the negative fall out of the market liberalisation. We should implement programmes and take up studies to increase export. There is greater opportunity for export of fruits, vegetables and flowers. We are under compulsion to plan our crop production and production processes based on the market demand.
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Therefore, to achieve four per cent over all growth in agricultural sector and eight per cent growth in the horticultural sub sector we need to implement appropriate polices and programmes. In this context, the policies for agriculture and rural development will be designed to plan public investment to promote agricultural growth.
Bearing all these things in mind, the Government of Tamil Nadu has come forward to implement several development programmes.
CHAPTER II AGRICULTURE
1. Introduction
Agriculture and its allied sectors form the basis of the rural livelihood. Though about 80 lakh farm families are directly depending on Agriculture, about 75% of the total population is involved in various activities of Agriculture like crop cultivation, post harvest, food processing and agricultural marketing. The contribution of agriculture accounts for 17% of the NSDP. Agriculture meets the food requirements of the population, provides employment and also produces the raw materials needed for the industries. As the vital responsibility of meeting the food security of the Society is with the farm sector, disseminating the latest technology, sharing of knowledge between the farmers and linking various extension and research organisations in the States have become necessary.
Growth of industries and rapid urbanization results not only in reduction in the area of cultivation every year, it also results in depletion of ground water, which is very essential for agricultural production. Improving the fertility of the cultivable land and efficient usage of available water for irrigation are the only available alternatives to achieve and sustain food production in future. Adding value to the agricultural produces, full utilisation of the natural resources and observance of integrated production methods could make the farms profitable and increase the income of the farmers. This will result in achieving the food production targets and will also reduce the rural unemployment.
Immediate steps are required to increase the cropping area and productivity of crops which suffered severe set backs during the past five years. Farmers are to be given quality inputs, latest appropriate technology and other assistance required for taking up of timely crop diversification and remunerative, market driven crop cultivation. In addition to input managements like use of quality seeds, utilisation of crop nutrients, Integrated Pest management, water management, etc., farmers are to be motivated to adopt post harvest technologies also. For increasing the productivity of crops, more thrust and attention should be given on dryland technologies through Water Conservation Structures, Soil conservation and utilisation of drought resistant varieties.
Procurement of Agricultural commodities especially millets, pulses, oilseeds and other dry land crops at preannounced prices and market driven agricultural production through Contract farming are expected to yield better results.
The successive natural calamities like drought and flood, which ravaged the economy of farmers from 2002 onwards, had enormously increased their burden of debt. In order to retrieve the farmers from the clutches of severe financial problems, Government have ordered the waiver of cooperative loans. Due to that great gesture, the farmers are jubilantly under taking farming operations with renewed vigour and enthusiasm. 1.1. Agriculture Scenario
Tamil Nadu has 7% of the country’s population, but it has only 4% of land area and 3% of water resources of the country. Of the total Gross Cropped area, only 48% of the area is under irrigated condition. Around 52% of the area is under dryland farming. The fallow lands have increased from 17.6 L.Ha. in 50s to 23.96 L.Ha. in 2004-05. The Gross Cropped Area which was 63.38 L.Ha. in 2000-2001 (including Horticulture crops) has reduced to 58.89 L.Ha. in 2004-05. The reasons for the increase in fallow lands and reduction of Gross cropped area are as follows:
♦ Urbanisation and industrialization ♦ Inadequate water availability and depletion of ground water
♦ Failure of monsoon rains
♦ Uncertainty in release of water in Cauvery
♦ Rising cost of cultivation, scarcity of agricultural labour and uneconomic returns The Land Use pattern in Tamil Nadu for the past 15 years is indicated below:
(L.Ha.)
Sl. No. Details 1990-
91 1995-
96 2000-
01 2001-
02 2002-
03 2003-
04 2004-
05
1 Forest 21.6 21.4 21.34 21.3 21.31 21.2 21.22
2 Barren and unculti- vable land
5.1 4.9 4.76 4.77 4.78 5.09 5.09
3 Land put to non agricultural use
18.2 19.1 19.86 19.98 20.12 21.1 21.25
Sl. No.
Details 1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
4 Cultivable Waste 2.9 3.5 3.52 3.87 3.89 3.79 3.74
5 Pasture Lands 1.2 1.3 1.23 1.18 1.18 1.14 1.14
6 Area under Tree crops 2.3 2.2 2.55 2.71 2.77 2.83 2.9
7 Current fallows 12.7 12.9 11.34 10.26 15.02 9.54 6.92
8 Other fallows 10.5 11.3 12.28 14.09 14.91 18.6 17.04
9 Net Cropped Area
55.8 53.5 53.03 51.72 45.9 46.9 50.97
10 Area sown more than once
10.5 9.3 10.35 10.54 6.01 6.27 7.92
11 Gross Cropped area
66.3 62.7 63.38 62.26 51.91 53.2 58.89
12 Cropping Intensity 118.9 117.3 119.5 120.3 113.1 113.0 119.0
13 Total Geographical area
130.2 130.0 129.9 129.9 129.9 130.0 130.3
1.2. Crop Performance
The Area, Production and Productivity of major Agricultural crops in the past years are furnished below.
Crop
1998
-199
9
1999
- 20
00
2000
- 20
01
2001
-200
2
2002
-200
3
2003
-200
4
2004
-200
5
2005
-200
6 (F
orec
ast)
(*)
Area coverage (L.Ha.) Paddy 22.75 21.64 20.80 20.60 15.17 13.97 18.73 21.63 Millets 7.64 7.76 7.33 7.06 7.12 9.03 8.24 10.12 Pulses 6.37 6.93 6.88 6.85 5.63 5.37 5.90 6.88
Total Foodgrains 36.76 36.33 35.01 34.51 27.92 28.37 32.87 38.63
Crop
1998
-199
9
1999
- 20
00
2000
- 20
01
2001
-200
2
2002
-200
3
2003
-200
4
2004
-200
5
2005
-200
6 (F
orec
ast)
(*)
Cotton 2.19 1.78 1.69 1.64 0.76 0.98 1.29 1.41 Sugarcane 3.06 3.16 3.15 3.21 2.61 1.92 2.22 3.44 Oilseeds 9.99 9.14 8.39 7.80 5.93 6.96 7.15 8.16
Total 52.00 50.41 48.24 47.16 37.22 38.23 43.53 51.64 Production (L.MT.) Paddy 81.41 75.32 73.66 65.84 35.77 32.23 50.62 61.27 Millets 9.67 10.19 9.38 8.34 6.84 8.88 8.68 10.18 Pulses 3.04 2.91 3.13 2.71 2.00 2.01 2.16 2.69
Total foodgrains 94.12 88.42 86.17 76.89 44.61 43.12 61.46 74.14 Cotton (L.Bales) 4.06 3.40 3.16 2.30 0.84 1.27 1.86 2.13 Sugarcane (Gur) 33.76 34.29 33.18 32.61 24.16 17.66 24.46 38.03 Oilseeds 16.48 14.07 14.41 13.12 7.60 9.64 10.61 12.56 Productivity (Kg/Ha) Paddy 3579 3481 3541 3196 2359 2308 2703 2833 Millets 1264 1311 1284 1181 959 983 1053 1006 Pulses 478 419 454 395 356 374 367 391
Total foodgrains 2560 2434 2461 2228 1597 1520 1870 1919 Cotton 316 324 316 238 188 213 244 257 Sugarcane 11026 10835 10525 10155 9244 9192 11018 11055 Oilseeds 1649 1541 1717 1684 1282 1385 1484 1539 ((*) Based on the Forecast report of Commissioner of Economics and Statistics) 2. Season and Crop Condition
2.1. Rainfall The seasonwise rainfall received is as follows:
(Unit in m.m.)
Normal Actual Rainfall Deviation % w.r.to
Normal Season Rainfall 2005 2006 2005 2006
Winter Season (January - February)
37.5 13.9 15.6 (-) 62.9 (-) 58.0
Summer season (March- May)
128.4 231.7 150.4 (+) 80.0 (+) 17.0
South West Monsoon (June – September)
314.6 305.9 (-) 2.8
North east Monsoon (October – December)
459.2 829.4 (+) 80.6
Total 939.7 1380.9 (+) 47.0 2.2. Production Target 2006-07 In view of the release of water in the Mettur Reservoir on the schedule date of 12th June 2006 and commencement of planting of kuruvai crop in the entire area and anticipating normal receipt of rainfall and favourable situation, the area coverage and production target proposed for 2006-07 for agricultural crops is as follows:
Crop Area (L.Ha.) Production (L.MT)Paddy 21.70 78.10Millets 10.50 13.65Pulses 7.50 3.60Total Foodgrains 39.70 95.35Oilseeds 10.00 17.00Cotton (L.Bales) 2.00 3.80Sugarcane (Gur) 3.30 39.60
2.3. Strategies and Programmes for 2006-07
♦ Conduct of intensive Preseason campaign for Kharif and Rabi prior to peak sowing season to provide technological support.
♦ Bringing every piece of cultivable land under cultivation and taking efforts to bring the fallow lands under cultivation.
♦ Timely stocking and distribution of quality inputs.
♦ Bringing more area under contract farming.
♦ Involving TANWABE (Tamilnadu Women in Agri Business and Extension) groups in extension activities, seed production and distribution and seedlings production.
♦ Involving select TANWABE groups to establish Biocontrol Production Centres and to own agricultural machineries for hiring activities.
♦ Promotion of Jatropha and establishing proper linkage with the industrial entrepreneurs.
♦ Formation of more Farmers Interest Groups and involving them in extension activities.
♦ Implementation of programmes for development of Rainfed crops by establishing Model Water Conservation Park at Annapannai, establishment of Rainfed Academy, establishment of Nuclear watersheds.
♦ Bringing more area under the newly evolved SRI technology to enhance the productivity of paddy.
♦ Intensifying crop diversification activities. Special thrust to cultivate less water intensive crops like Millets, Pulses and Oilseeds.
♦ Promotion of micro irrigation in large extent under coconut, sugarcane, groundnut, oilpalm and horticultural crops.
♦ Special programmes for coconut development and assistance to farmers for area expansion and productivity increase.
3. State Schemes 3.1. Input supply 3.1.1. Seeds Seeds play a pivotal role to increase the productivity of crops. Unlike other States, the Department of Agriculture is directly involved in seed production activities in Tamil Nadu. The Government is keen in providing good quality seeds to the farmers in time. The seed production work will be taken up during 2006-07 in a well planned manner duly considering the demand for different location specific varieties / hybrids and also its productivity potential. The efforts to be taken are as follows:
Providing quality seeds to the farmers as per SRR.
Ensuring supply of location specific high yielding / hybrid seeds adequately.
Special attention to distribute millets, pulses and oilseeds adequately in time to promote crop diversification.
The Department undertakes the seed production activities through a massive Seed
Multiplication programme entirely funded by the State Government. Under the Seed Multiplication Programme, Certified seed production is being done in the farmers’ holdings, by utilising the foundation seeds produced in 37 State seed farms, 5 Oilseed farms and one Pulses farm. Required Breeder seeds are obtained from TNAU and also from ICAR centres for National varieties.
The Foundation and Certified seeds produced by the Department are processed in 74 Seed Processing Units (16 Major, 3 Medium and 55 Mini Units) owned by the Government. The entire seed production activities are carried out with strict Quality enforcement procedure involving the Seed Certification Department. The seeds which are approved and certified by the Seed Certification Department alone are procured and distributed to the farmers through 880 Agricultural Extension Centres functioning in all the Blocks.
The average of five years achievement under seed procurement and distribution and target for 2006-07 are as follows :
(in MT)
Crop
Average of 5 years (2001-02 to 2005-06)
Programme for 2006-07
A. Procurement 1. Paddy 14925 18000 2. Millets 387 450 3. Pulses 1169 1600 4. Oilseeds 3687 4500 5. Cotton 138 250 B. Distribution 1. Paddy 14939 18000 2. Millets 407 450 3. Pulses 1149 1600 4. Oilseeds 3815 4500 5. Cotton 168 250
3.1.2. Fertiliser:
Application of fertilisers based on the soil fertility plays a crucial role to face the future challenges on food security. Plant nutrient deficiency in irrigated and rainfed Agriculture can be alleviated by increasing the optimal use of fertilisers and manures. Use of fertilisers in an imbalanced way will only enhance the cost of cultivation and will not be helpful for productivity increase. Educating and helping the farmers to apply chemical fertilisers based on the actual requirement of the crop will certainly increase the efficiency in fertiliser usage and reduce the cost of cultivation. In this context, application of fertilisers based on the soil test recommendation is advocated. The Soil Health Cards are also being distributed to the farmers to adopt the recommendations. To avoid indiscriminate use of nitrogenous fertilisers and to enable the farmers to take a decision on the dose of nitrogenous fertilisers to be applied based on the need of the crop, the technology to compare the paddy crop with the Colour Chart is being promoted. During 2005-06, 2.15 Lakh No. of colour charts were distributed at a cost of Rs.49 lakhs. During 2006-07, 2.25 Lakh No. of colour charts will be distributed to the farmers at free of cost at a cost of Rs.50 Lakhs.
The Department of Agriculture is constantly monitoring the availability and supply
position of fertilisers. The Quality control wing of the Department ensures availability of quality fertilisers by the strict enforcement of Fertiliser Control Order 1985.
The progress on supply of Chemical fertilisers during 2005-06 and programme for 2006-
07 are as follows:-
(Unit in L.MT)
2005-06 2006-07 Nutrient Target Achievement Programme
Nitrogen 5.45 5.06 5.50 Phosphorus 2.34 2.37 2.36 Potash 2.26 2.58 2.29
Total 10.05 10.01 10.15
3.1.3. Micro Nutrient Widespread Micronutrient deficiency has been reported in most of the soils due to
intensive cultivation taken up over the years. Application of optimum dose of micro nutrients is recommended to increase the productivity of the crop. The sophisticated equipment, “Atomic Absorption Spectro Photo Meter” is available in 20 Soil Testing Laboratories and two Fertiliser Control Laboratories to analyse the Micronutrient content in soil and fertilisers. A Micronutrient mixture production centre is functioning at Kudumianmalai to produce and distribute 14 types of micronutrient mixtures with the annual production capacity of 1250 MTs. During 2005-06, 1286 MTs of micronutrient mixtures were produced and distributed to the farmers.
During 2006-07, considering the importance of use of micronutrients and to enhance the availability of quality micronutrient mixtures in the departmental outlets for distribution to the farmers, the production target has been enhanced to 1400 MTs.
3.2. Fertiliser Control Laboratory To ensure strict enforcement of Fertiliser Control Order 1985, fertiliser samples are drawn from the sale outlets / manufacturing units and tested in the 14 notified Fertiliser control Laboratories functioning in the State. As against the annual analysing capacity of 16800 samples per annum, 17,100 No of samples were tested during 2005-06.
This scheme will be implemented with a target to analyse 17,500 samples during 2006-07.
3.3. Organic manure The microbial activity in the soil need to be increased to convert unavailable form of
nutrients into available form. This natural phenomenon will indirectly help to get higher production for which the organic manure plays a vital role. Because of the intensive cultivation resorted over the years, the soil had lost its health and soil nutrient got depleted. Moreover, the availability of farm yard manure and compost is also inadequate for field application. In view of the above, the Government has taken initiative to educate the farmers to take up production of compost in their own field to meet their requirement.
3.3.1. Composting of farm waste through Pleurotus A scheme to produce compost by utilising farm waste through Pleurotus was implemented at a cost of Rs.2.80 lakhs. Under this scheme, 2000 Nos. of kits containing 1 kg. of Pleurotus, 5 kg. of Urea and a pamphlet printed with technical information worth of Rs.140/- each have been distributed. This programme is to be enlarged and continued during 2006-07 to distribute 5000 kits at a cost of Rs.7.00 Lakhs.
3.3.2. Scheme to promote Vermi composting The vermi composting technology is gaining popularity among the farmers. The Vermi compost production has also been taken up by about 10 Self Help Groups, 100 Non Governmental Organisation and also by Private entrepreneurs on commercial basis. To educate the farmers on vermi compost production technology and to empower them to take up their own production, demonstration and training is extended under this scheme. During 2005-06, 100 demonstrations had been conducted and 5000 farmers were trained at a cost of Rs.3.60 lakhs.
During 2006-07, it is proposed to conduct 300 Nos. of demonstrations and to train 15000 Nos. of farmers at a cost of Rs.11.55 lakhs. Under this scheme, the required input will be supplied to layout demonstrations at the rate of Rs.1200/- each and Rs.50/- per farmer will also be provided as assistance to meet the incidental charges at a total cost of Rs.3850/- per demonstration.
3.3.3. Biofertiliser Production and Distribution Biofertiliser is one of the important components in the Integrated Nutrient Management, as an eco-friendly and cost effective input. The Department is continuously advocating the use of Biofertilisers in different stages of crop growth. To increase the availability of biofertilisers, production of biofertiliser inoculum pockets containing Rhizobium, Azospirillum and phospho bacterium are taken up in 6 Biofertilser Production Units functioning at Cuddalore, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Kudumianmalai, Sakkottai and Trichy with the annual production capacity of 1400 MTs. (70 Lakh Nos. of packets of 200 gm each). The quality of biofertilisers produced in these 6 centres is monitored through Biofertiliser Quality Control Laboratory functioning at Tiruchirappalli. During 2005-06, 1485 MTs. Biofertilisers have been produced and distributed.
During 2006-07, 1600 MTs. of Biofertilisers will be produced and distributed under this programme. 3.3.4. Blue Green Algae and Azolla
As the Blue Green Algae and Azolla provide nitrogen to the paddy crop by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, the Blue Green Algae and Azolla inoculum are produced @ 500 MT each and distributed to the farmers through Agricultural Extension Centres.
During 2006-07, the Blue Green Algae will be produced and distributed with a target of 525 MTs. and the Blue Green Algae thus produced will be distributed at the rate of 4 kg./acre to cover 1.312 lakh acres.
3.3.5. Scheme for Green Manure seed distribution Growing Green Manure crops viz., sunnhemp, daincha, sesbania, kolinchi etc., and ploughing insitu just before flowering will considerably increase the organic content of the soil. This is the only alternative source that could add organic matter to the soil substantially. To encourage the farmers to cultivate green manure crop, 125 MTs of Green Manure seeds were produced and distributed to the farmers at 25% subsidy at a cost of Rs.25 lakhs during 2005-06.
During 2006-07, it is proposed to produce 250 MTs. of Green Manure Seeds at a cost of Rs.50 lakhs for distribution to the farmers at 25% subsidy.
3.4. Soil Management and Soil Testing 3.4.1. Reclamation of Tsunami Affected Agricultural Lands
On December 26th, 2004, Tsunami waves unleashed their wrath in the coastal districts of Tamil Nadu especially Nagapattinam, Cuddalore, Kanyakumari, Villupuram and Kancheepuram. Besides crop damage, the Tsunami waves inflicted semi permanent damage to the agricultural lands. Due to submergence of lands by seawater, their salinity
and EC value had increased abnormally. Certain lands were covered with sea sand and/or silt. For these reasons, the lands have become uncultivable.
Area affected by Tsunami
Following is the affected area districtwise:
S.No District Extent crop Area affected after
enumeration (Ha.)
Extent of area to be reclaimed
(Ha.)
Grand Total to be reclaimed
(In Ha.) 1. Kancheepuram 90.40 158.08 248.48
2. Cuddalore 311.32 1614.16 1925.48 3. Villupuram 66.34 1550.00 1616.34 4. Nagapattinam 4315.47 342.00 4657.47 5. Kanyakumari 12.57 0 12.57
Total 4796.10 3664.24 8460.34
Based on the decision of the Empowered committee meeting held on 28.12.05, Government have sanctioned a relief assistance of Rs.1269.05 lakhs for reclamation of lands @ Rs.15,000/- per Ha. for the entire Tsunami affected area of 8460.34 Ha.
During 2005-2006, 478 farmers Self Help Groups were formed in the 5 Tsunami affected districts. Further, soil analysis and training to farmers through KVKs have been done. In the affected areas, gypsum, green manure seeds and seeds for crop cultivation have been distributed at free of cost. During first year (2005-06) an amount of Rs.279.18 Lakhs has been spent in the Tsunami affected areas by distributing various inputs, training to farmers and also for soil analysis through the agriculture department.
During 2006-2007, the following activities approved by the Empowered Committee will be implemented for the balance amount of Rs.989.86 lakhs:
i) Relief assistance for the activities undertaken by the affected farmers immediately after Tsunami
ii) Public awareness, capacity building and community mobilization
iii) Land reclamation and soil restoration, (Soil testing, distribution of inputs viz., Gypsum, Green manure seeds, crop seeds, Insurance Premium for two years)
iv) Infrastructure facilities (community borewells, farm ponds, PVC pipes, Drip irrigation sets)
v) Distribution of agriculture machineries and equipments/ Oil engines
vi) Scientific and Extension support (Training to farmers, organizing farmers field schools, Integrated Nutrient Management/ Integrated Pest Management/ Post Harvest technology), Soil Health Card, Soil and water quality monitoring)
vii) Monitoring and Evaluation (Documentation, communication, POL/ Contingency, creation of slide banks, Monitoring and evaluation).
3.4.2. Soil Testing Laboratories To advise farmers on site specific and situation specific fertiliser recommendations on the basis of native soil fertility, analysis of soil samples is being carried out through 19 Soil Testing Laboratories and 16 Mobile Soil Testing laboratories functioning in the State. During 2005-06, 4.46 L.Nos. of soil samples have been analysed through Soil Testing Laboratories and 1.84 lakhs samples through Mobile soil Testing laboratories and totally, 6.30 L.Nos. of samples were analysed and suitable recommendations given to the farmers.
During 2006-07, totally 6.50 L.Nos. of soil samples is proposed to be tested, out of which 4.50 L.Nos. of samples will be tested in the Soil Testing Laboratories and 2.00 L.Nos. of samples through Mobile Soil Testing Laboratories. The Soil testing laboratories are also involved to suggest suitable reclamation measures for the problem soils, prepare village level soil fertility index and also assess the quality of irrigation water. The Mobile Soil Testing Laboratories also serve as effective propaganda tool to disseminate various technologies on the management of soil, bio-fertiliser application and micro nutrients through village adoption programme, soil testing campaign, exhibition etc. More over, there is an apex organization viz., “Central Control Laboratory” located at Kudumianmalai which inculcates technical competence through training to the laboratory personnel and also monitor accuracy of the analysis of all laboratories of Agriculture Department. 3.4.3. Soil Survey and Land Use Organisation
The objective of the scheme is conducting soil survey and preparation of soil resources inventory including the nature of soil occurring in the area, their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics through field studies and laboratory analysis, soil classification and mapping their extent on standard topographic base maps and finally interpreting for variety of uses. The above survey is being taken up through the four Soil Survey units at Coimbatore, Thanjavur, Vellore and Tirunelveli.
An area of 1.10 L.Ha. will be covered by conducting “detailed soil survey” by these units during 2006-2007.
3.4.4. Reclamation of Saline and Alkaline Lands The Saline and Alkaline Land Reclamation Scheme is functioning to reclaim problem soils in crop lands in Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Kancheepuram, Thiruvallur, Vellore, Thiruvannamalai, Salem and Namakkal districts in an area of 4000 ac. @ 500 Acres per district. During the year 2005-06, an area of 3336 acres were reclaimed.
It is programmed to reclaim 4000 acres during 2006-07. Under this scheme, Gypsum and zinc sulphate will be supplied based on soil test recommendation at 50% subsidy, and to provide drainage facility, a subsidy to a maximum of Rs.1000/- per acre will also be extended.
3.5. Plant Protection 3.5.1. Pest Surveillance:- The Pest and disease situation in Tamil Nadu is being monitored constantly through systematic Pest Surveillance work. The Consolidated field data of each district is collected periodically, processed and forewarnings are given to the farmers on the possible out break of Pest and Diseases.
3.5.2. Crop and Plant Protection Scheme
During 2005-06, as against the target under Plant Protection to cover an area of 37.5 L.Ha. under food crops and 18.2 L.Ha. in non food crops and 22.0 L.Ha. seed treatment measures, an area of 29.29 L.Ha. in food crops, 13.34 lakh ha under non food crop and 18.93 L.Ha. have been covered under seed treatment.
During 2006-07, this scheme will be implemented to take up plant protection activities with a target of 38 L.Ha. under food crops, 19 L.Ha. under Non food crops and 23 L.Ha. under seed treatment.
The funds sanctioned under this scheme will be utilised for the procurement of bio-control agents, and bio-pesticides to distribute to the farmers for implementing National Programmes of ICDP Cotton, ISOPOM - Pulses, Oilseeds, Maize and ICDP Rice with subsidy. During 2005-06, an amount of Rs.113.73 Lakhs have been spent under this scheme. During 2006-07, this programme will be implemented at a cost of Rs.117.76 Lakhs. 3.5.3. Pesticide Testing Laboratories The Plant Protection chemicals are distributed to the farmers through 10,500 private retail outlets. Further, the Plant protection chemicals are also manufactured through 138 no.of Pesticide Manufacturing Units situated throughout Tamil Nadu. Though the trading activity of Plant Protection chemicals are entirely done by the private agencies, the department shoulders the responsibility to ensure supply of quality pesticides to the farmers. To ensure strict enforcement of Insecticide Act 1968, the pesticide samples are drawn by the Officers of Quality Control Wing and these samples are tested in the 9 notified Pesticide Testing Laboratories functioning in the State with the annual analysing capacity of 13860 samples per annum. Appropriate action is initiated against the manufacturers, distributors and dealers responsible for sale of misbranded chemicals. During 2005-06, 13963 samples were analysed of which 106 samples have been detected as misbranded and appropriate action is being taken on the merits of the case.
Under this scheme 14,500 Pesticide samples will be drawn and analysed during 2006-07.
3.5.4. Integrated Pest Management(IPM) - Farmers Field School Tamil Nadu is the pioneer state in implementing the Integrated Pest Management Programmes through Farmers Field School Approach. Farmers Field School approach is very well acknowledged by the farmers. The objective of the Scheme is to empower the farmers in identifying and monitoring the pest and natural enemies situation in their field and to take a decision to manage the same. Spraying of chemicals will be recommended and adopted only if the pest population is extremely high and beyond the economic threshold level. The reduced use of pesticides not only brings down the cost of cultivation but also obviate the ill effects like environmental pollution, residual toxicity and resurgence of pests etc. The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) concept is being emphasized and popularised through Centrally sponsored schemes such as ICDP-Rice, ISOPOM, Pulses, Maize, Oilseeds and ICDP Cotton. The activities taken up under various Centrally Sponsored Schemes implemented to promote IPM during 2005-06 and target for 2006-07 are as follows:
(Unit : Nos.)
2005-2006 Sl. No.
Name of the Component Programme Achmt.
Programme for 2006-07
1. Cereal Development Programme for Rice
332 320 417
2. ICDP – Cotton 600 600 400
3. ISOPOM
Maize 24 24 24
Oilseeds 66 66 70
Pulses 51 51 55
3.5.5. Bio Control Agents Production Centre and State IPM Centre To strengthen IPM activities and to use bio-agents for the control of specific crop pests, there are 62 Bio Control Agents Production Centres functioning in this State under the control of Department of Agriculture. Bio Control Agents like Trichoderma Viridi, N.P.Virus, Pseudomonas Fluorescence, Parasites, predators are produced and supplied to the farmers. The progress during 2005-06 and programme for 2006-07 is indicated below:-
Sl. No.
Bio-Control Agents/ Pest
No.of Centres
Achmt. 2005-06
(Ha)
Programme for 2006-07
(Ha.) 1 Trichogramma
chilonis (Sugarcane Internode borer)
21 10500 11000
2 Bethylids, Branchonids and Eulophids(Coconut black headed caterpillar)
20 10250 10500
3 NPV (Cotton Boll worm)
3 1500 2000
4 NPV (Groundnut red hairy Caterpillar and prodenia)
4 480 600
5 Green Muscardine fungus tubes (coconut Rhinocerous
2 10000 11000
beetle)
6 Biopesticide NPV and T.Chilonis (Cotton, Paddy, Pulses, Groundnut)
12 60000 62000
3.6. Coconut Development Programme Under this programme, the coconut seedlings required for area expansion and to replace unproductive senile trees, Tall and hybrids like Tall x Dwarf and Dwarf x Tall seedlings are being produced in 22 State Coconut Nurseries and distributed to Coconut growers. The Tall seedlings are distributed at Rs.12/- per seedling, Tall x Dwarf at Rs.20/- per seedling and Dwarf x Tall at Rs.75/- per seedling. In view of increased demand among the farmers for Hybrid seedlings, the target is proposed to be increased substantially during 2006-07.
The Physical and Financial Progress made during 2005- 2006 and programme for 2006-07 are given below:-
(Unit : L.Nos.)
2005-06 Programme for 2006-07 Sl.
No.
Varieties / Hybrids
Nut
procure-ment
Seedlings distri- bution
Nut procure-
ment
Seedlings distri-bution
1. Tall 4.692 5.486 8.55 6.41
2. T x D 4.333 2.482 6.00 4.10
3. D x T 0.287 0.071 1.00 0.30
Total 9.312 8.039 15.55 10.81
3.7. Cotton Development Programme The normal area of cotton has declined to 1.50 L.Ha. and the production level is 2 to 3 lakh bales. The domestic requirement of cotton is 55 to 60 lakh bales whereas State's production meets only 5% of the demand. Hence, there is a huge gap between demand and supply in the domestic market. In view of the above, much thrust is being laid to increase the area of cotton through sustained extension efforts backed with supply of quality inputs. There is a possibility of increasing area under irrigated and rice fallow cotton. During 2005-06, the estimated area coverage under cotton is 1.41 L.Ha. During 2006-07, it is proposed to cover 2.00 L.Ha. with the production target of 3.80 L. Bales.
Department of Agriculture is implementing the following development schemes on cotton in the State.
3.7.1. State Scheme on Production of NPV The scheme is implemented with the object of producing and distributing NPV against prodenia which is a serious pest in cotton and as a bio control measure. It is
produced in 3 NPV production centres of the State located at Melur, Villupuram and Gobichettipalayam. An amount of Rs.53 /- per Ha. is to be collected from the farmers for the release of NPV.
The progress during 2005-06 and programme for 2006-07 are as follows: S.
No. Component 2005-06
progress Programme for 2006-07
1. NPV production physical (ha) 1500 2000 2. Financial (L.Rs.) 0.58 0.79
3.7.2. Contract Farming on Cotton In view of huge demand for cotton within Tamil Nadu and to link farmers with the
assured marketing and to protect the interest of both the farmer and the industry, contract farming is promoted by the State Government through Department of Agriculture.
The farmer is provided support in diverse areas such as marketing, input, technical assistance, credit, production management, insurance coverage etc. under contract farming.
Contract Farming strategy has been introduced by private firms M/s. Appachi Cotton Company of Pollachi and Super Spinning Mills Ltd. Coimbatore. The firms have arranged input distribution, insurance benefits, crop loan, with buy-back guarantee to the farmers covered under the Programme.
During 2006-07, the programme under cotton contract farming will be implemented with special attention. 3.8. Contract Farming for Maize, Pulses and Oilseeds Contract farming programme for Maize, Pulses and Oilseeds was implemented during 2005-06 to promote cultivation of these less water intensive crops linking with NAFED and 4015 MTs. of maize have been procured through NAFED in Thoothukudi district. Though the contract farming was done with pulses and oilseeds, the produce has not been procured as the local market rate was higher.
During 2006-07, the Contract farming is proposed to be taken up to procure 10,000 MTs of maize, 2000 MTs. of groundnut and 5000 MTs. of pulses involving NAFED. Under this programme, the Women Self Help Group will be involved to supply the produce to the NAFED by procuring from the farmers. 3.9. Sugarcane
Tamil Nadu ranks first in productivity of sugarcane for the past several years. Sugarcane is cultivated normally in an area of 2.75 L.Ha. to 3 L.Ha. which constitutes about 2% of total cultivated area of the State.
3.9.1. Performance of Sugar Mills In Tamil Nadu
There are 38 sugar mills in Tamil Nadu. Presently 35 mills are functioning, while three mills which were run on loss viz, Madurantakam Co-operative Sugar Mills, Madura Sugars and Arunachalam Sugar mills are not functioning now. During the 2005-2006 main season (October, 2005 to May, 2006) 164.50 lakh tonnes of cane was crushed and 15.55 lakh tonnes of sugar was produced with an average recovery of 9.45%.
The estimated crushing for 2005-2006 main and special season (June to September) is 210 Lakh MTs. of cane with 9.20% recovery and the estimated total production of Sugar is19.32 Lakh MTs.
3.9.2. Fixation of Cane Price The Government of India announced Statutory Minimum Price at Rs.795/- per tonne
of cane linked to 9.0% recovery with a premium of Rs.8.80 per tonne for every 0.1% increase in recovery, for the 2005 – 2006 crushing season. Government of Tamil Nadu announced State Advised Price at Rs.1014/- per tonne linked to 9.0% recovery with a premium of Rs.8.80 per tonne for every 0.1% increase in recovery.
3.9.3. Encouraging High Sugar Varieties
To improve the average recovery the High Sugar Varieties like Co.86032, Cov 92102 and Cov 94101 are being planted every season covering 85 – 90%of cane area. This leads to better returns to the cane growers and also helps to reduce the loss of the sugar mills and improve the viability of the sugar mills. Besides Coc.23 New Variety is released which is resistant to Red rot disease. At present 200 Ha. is under nursery stage for distribution to the cane growers during 2006-2007 season.
3.9.4. Micro Irrigation During current year the Government have allotted huge funds as subsidy for drip
irrigation to ensure adoption of drip irrigation system by large number of farmers and to promote this technology among farmers to get maximum benefit. During 2006-07, it is proposed to cover 15,000 Ha. under Micro irrigation at a project cost of Rs.84 crores by providing 50% subsidy. An amount to a maximum of Rs.28,000/- per Ha. will be extended as subsidy to benefit 15,000 sugarcane farmers. Besides, demonstrations will be conducted in 8.5 Ha. in the model farms of the mills for the benefit of sugarcane farmers.
3.9.5. Integrated Sugarcane Development Scheme - Release of Parasite Trichogramma Chilonis which is a Egg parasite is produced in the 21 Parasite
Breeding Centres of the State and released to cane field against internode borer in sugarcane.
The progress during 2005-06 and programme for 2006-07 is as follows:-
S. No.
Component 2005-06 progress
Programme for 2006-07
1. Area coverage (Ha.)
10500 11000
2. Financial (L.Rs.) 3.929 4.234
3.10. Promotion of Jatropha in Tamil Nadu 3.10.1. Establishment of Elite Jatropha mother plantation
To alleviate the rural poverty, cultivation of Jatropha is being promoted in Tamil Nadu. Since good quality seed is major constraint, Elite mother Jatropha plantation Farm programme was launched during the year 2005-2006 by the Department of Agriculture with 100% assistance of Rs.75.00 lakhs from NOVOD Board (National Oilseed and Vegetable Oil Development Board). It was programmed to raise 300 Ha. Elite mother Jatropha plantation in 12 State Seed Farms/Coconut nurseries in Tamilnadu functioning at Anna Pannai, Vamban, Vellalaviduthi, Neyveli, Ettankulam, Iruvelpattu, Kakkuppum, Vanur, Danishpet,
Papparapatti, Sakkottai and Inungur and during 2005-06, mother palm gardens were established in 260 Ha. with the expenditure of Rs. 47.66 lakhs.
The balance area of 40 Ha. will be covered in 2006-07. The NOVOD Board has approved to provide maintenance subsidy of Rs.7.5 lakhs at the rate of Rs.2500/- per Ha. for 300 Ha of Jatropha elite mother plantation during 2006-07. 3.10.2. Expansion of Area through approved Industrial Entrepreneurs
Based on the expression of interest offered, the approval was accorded for 4 private entrepreneurs viz. M/s. Mohan Breweries and Distilleries Ltd., M/s. Shiva Distilleries Ltd., M/s. Dharani Sugars and Chemicals Ltd. and M/s. Riverway Agro Products Ltd. for taking up jatropha cultivation through contract farming and to establish oil extraction Units. So far, the entrepreneurs have covered 5481.8 Ha under Jatropha through contract farming.
Besides, many other private entrepreneurs, SHGs and progressive farmers have also cultivated Jatropha in about 9,500 Ha.
To enhance the area under Jatropha cultivation and to take up biofuel production the following activities will be taken up during 2006-07:
32,000 Ha. will be brought under cultivation with jatropha through private entrepreneurs.
Necessary action has been taken to start the commercial production of bio fuel by the mills to be established by M/s. Shiva Distilleries Ltd. in September 2006 and by M/s. Mohan Breweries and Distilleries Ltd. in December 2006.
Quality jatropha seeds and seedlings will be made available to the farmers by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and Agriculture Department.
3.11. Creation of Web Portal for Agriculture To augment the Information and Communication facilities to farmers by creating a separate Web portal for Agriculture to provide information on crop production technologies, availability of input, its prices, market trend and assistance through various schemes, an amount of Rs.5.00 lakhs was spent and a web portal had been installed with the address www.tnagriculture.gov.in.
3.12. Study on Global competitiveness of Agricultural Crops A study on the “Global Competitiveness of Agricultural Crops” for guiding the farmers to take up cultivation of crops which have export potential was taken up at a cost of Rs.10.00 lakhs under Part II 2005-06. On completion, the recommendation of the study report will be examined and suitable strategies will be developed for promoting export of agricultural produce.
3.13. State Agricultural Management Institute (STAMIN) With the objective to provide Refresher training on the technological development and on managerial ability, training courses are conducted for the staff of Agriculture Department, Sister Department, students and also to NGOs at STAMIN, Kudumianmalai.
The details of training to be conducted during 2006-07 is as follows:-
Sl. No. Name of the Training No. of Officers
to be trained
1. Office Administration Training 240
2. Office Management Training 180
3. Computer Training 60
TOTAL 480
Financial (Rs. in lakhs) 2.25 3.14. Farmers Training Centre The crop diversification and alternate cropping strategies, integrated management of soil, water, pest and diseases and also nutrients, value addition to fetch higher price etc., are the recently developed thrust areas which are highly location specific and requires decision making capacity. To enhance the technical skill and also decision making power among the farmers, farmers training is to be extended periodically. With that objective, 22 Farmers’ Training Centres are functioning in the State at Kancheepuram, Tindivanam, Vellore, Salem, Dharmapuri, Erode, Lalgudi, Kudumianmalai, Sakkottai, Paramakudi, Palayamkottai, Nagercoil, Thiruvannamalai, Namakkal, Karur, Perambalur, Dindigul, Theni, Sivagangai, Virudhunagar, Thoothukudi and Krishnagiri in Agriculture and one Farmers Training Centre in Horticulture and totally 23 Farmers Training Centres are functioning.
The progress during 2005-06 and programme for 2006-07 is indicated below:-
Sl. No
Particulars Unit 2005-06 Progress
2006-07 Programme
1. Village based training for men & women
Nos. 153 223
2. Village based training for FDG conveners
Nos. 60 100
3. Field demonstration Nos. 660 1100 4. Method demonstration Nos. 296 440
3.15. Crop Yield Competition Crop Yield Competitions are conducted at the State level as well as at the District level to motivate the farmers to achieve highest productivity by adopting the advanced scientific techniques in crops like paddy, groundnut, cholam, cumbu, greengram and blackgram.
Cash prizes are awarded to the farmers who have achieved the highest productivity as indicated below:-
(Rs.)
State Level District Level Crop 1st
place 2nd
place 1st
place 2nd
place
Paddy and 25000 15000 8000 4000
groundnut Other crops
8000 4000 4000 2000
The enrolment fee for paddy and groundnut crops for State level competition is Rs.100 and for other crops is Rs.50/-. Similarly, the enrolment fee for paddy and groundnut crops for District level competitions is Rs.50/- and for other crops it is Rs.25/-.
During 2005-06, Rs.13.66 lakhs have been spent under this scheme. This programme will be implemented with the allocation of Rs.15.26 lakhs during 2006-07.
3.16. Mission on Rainfed farming to sustain the productivity of dry land crops In Tamil Nadu about 52% of the area is under Rainfed condition. The productivity of
Rainfed crops has not increased to the expected level. Hence, Mission Mode approach on Rainfed Agriculture has been initiated to increase the productivity and income of the farmers in rainfed areas by adopting integrated watershed and dry land technologies of International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad. The objectives are as follows:
• To increase the productivity (from the present level of 1.00 tonne/Ha. to 2 tonne/Ha.)
• To improve the ground water level by appropriate rain water harvesting method by adoption of integrated watershed approaches (from 400 feet to 150 feet depth of ground water level.)
• To reduce soil erosion (from 15 tonne to 1.5 tonne/annum.)
• To improve soil fertility status by crop diversification/crop rotation like pulses, oilseeds, green manure, etc.
• Adoption of mixed farming for recycling of organic waste by promoting Livestock / Sheep rearing, poultry, inland fisheries, application of organic mulch, etc.
• To increase employment opportunities to both farm families and landless labourers through non-farm income.
In accordance with the above, it is proposed to implement the ICRISAT Watershed Project commencing from 2006 and to be implemented till 2010 in a phased manner. This programme has 4 components:
a. water conservation technological park:- A model Conservation Park will be established in the existing Anna Pannai with technical assistance of ICRISAT at a cost of Rs.1.20 crores in 2 years commencing from 2006.
b. Establishment of Rainfed Academy:- The present STAMIN will be upgraded as Apex Rainfed Academy. It will impart training to farmers and will also focus on village connectivity in select districts by covering all villages in association with ICRISAT.
c. Impart Training:- Training will be extended to Stakeholders and Policy makers at ICRISAT and also at State Apex Rainfed Academy at a cost of Rs.80 Lakhs.
d. Development of Watersheds:- To begin with 9 to 12 nucleus watersheds during 2006-07 and 36 to 48 satellite watersheds by 2007-08 to 2010 covering 2.00 lakh to
4.00 lakh Ha. by 2010 will be formed and it would continue to extend the operation to saturate the area by extending the water shed approaches to other areas in a phased manner.
The project is proposed to be implemented by Consortium under the leadership of
ICRISAT with consortium partners namely CRIDA and TNAU through the nodal agency TAWDEVA.
The financial assistance will be drawn by convergence of various State and Central Schemes. The high level committee will be constituted by the Government with multi-disciplinary approach which will oversee the project by monitoring the progress. 4. Centrally Sponsored/ Shared Schemes 4.1. Macro Management Mode
The Government of India has introduced Macro Management Mode schemes in October 2000 wherein the states have the flexibility to formulate the work plan according to their local need and uplift the economic status of the farmers by giving priority for enhanced productivity.
The expenditure under this scheme is shared by the Government of India and the State Government on 90:10 basis. Out of the 90% Government of India share, 80% is extended as grant-in-aid and the balance 20% is treated as loan. The details of the schemes implemented under the Macro Management Mode are furnished below. 4.1.1. Cereals Development Programme
The Cereals Development Programme under the Macro Management Mode is implemented in areas where the rice based cropping system is dominant in the State. Under this scheme, the inputs, which are essential for enhancing productivity of paddy and millets, are distributed at subsidized cost.
The component wise progress made during 2005-2006 and programme for 2006-07 are as follows:-
(Rs. in lakhs)
2005-2006 Physical Financial
Programme for 2006-07
Sl. No
Component Unit
Target Achmt. Target Achmt. Physi-cal
Finan-cial
1 Distribution of Paddy Certified seeds (Rs.2/- per kg.)
MT 9500 9582 190.00 191.794 15000 300.00
2 Distribution of Millet Certified seeds (Rs.4/- per kg.)
MT 400 369.5 8.00 8.198 400 16.00
3 SRI Demonstrations
Nos 2415 2412 48.30 47.943 3500 70.00
4 Hybrid Millet crop Demn. @ Rs.1000/- Demn.
Nos .. .. .. .. 1000 10.000
5 IPM demonstration cum training (Rs.17000/-
Nos 332 320 56.44 54.219 417 70.89
Demn.)
6 Award to Gram Panchayat Paddy Millets
Nos.
28 22
28 22
15.40 12.10
15.20 12.05
-- --
-- --
2005-2006 Physical Financial
Programme for 2006-07
Sl. No
Component Unit
Target Achmt. Target Achmt. Physi-cal
Finan-cial
7 Training of Farmers, including women in crop prodn. Rs.5000/- per programme
Nos. .. .. .. .. 600 30.000
8 Training to Farm Labourers. Rs.80/- each
Nos. .. .. .. .. 62500 50.00
9 Technology Demonstration for millets (Rs.2500 per Ha.)
Nos. 2000 2000 30.00 29.995 .. ..
10 Preseason Campaign / Seminar / Publicity
Nos. 16700 16688 101.192 101.169 17000 88.00
11 Contingency / POL
8.40 8.399 28 8.400
12 Innovative Schemes
a
Distribution of Biofertiliser (25 Packets/Ha)@ 25% Subsidy
Ha.
50000 18.75
b
Distribution of MN Mixture (12.5Kg/Ha)@ 25% Subsidy
Ha.
10000 4.00
c
Bund Cropping of Green Manure/ Pulses in Paddy Field @Rs 50/ Ha
Ha.
50000 25.00
Total 469.832 468.967 691.04
4.1.2. Sugarcane Based Cropping System under Macro Management Mode
Government of India have approved inclusion of SUBACS (Scheme on sustainable Development of Sugarcane Based Cropping System) under Macro Management Mode from 2000-2001. The scheme was implemented in all the districts of the State except Ramanathapuram, Thoothukudi, Nilgiris and Kanyakumari upto 2004-05. This programme was not implemented during 2005-06. During 2006-07 it is programmed to implement the components viz., Release of Parasite for the control of Sugarcane internode borer, farmers’ training, field demonstration and State level training to Extension Officers on skill upgradation with the objective to enhance the productivity of sugarcane crop as follows:-
Programme for 2006-07
Sl. No.
Component
Unit. Physical
target Financial
allocation. (Rs. in lakhs)
1. Release of Parasites for the control of intrernode borer @ 25% subsidy limited to Rs.10 / ha.
Ha. 6000 0.600
2. Farmers Training @ Rs.5000 / training 2 days training for 50 farmers.
No. 200 10.000
3. Field Demonstration @ Rs.5000 / Demon. @ 10 Demon. / district.
No. 250 12.500
Programme for 2006-07 Sl. No.
Component
Unit. Physical
target Financial
allocation. (Rs. in lakhs)
4. State Level Training @ Rs.12500 / training (3 days training each for 30 officers) to be organized at STAMIN.
No. 2 0.250
5. Contingencies @ Rs.30000/ district.
No. 25 7.500
6. Supply of bullock drawn/ Tractor drawn implements
..... ... 0.960
7. Publicity to headquarters. 0.500
Total 32.310
4.1.3.Scheme for Balanced and Integrated use of Fertilizers
This programme is also implemented under the Macro Management Mode. The progress made during 2005-06 and programme for 2006-07 are as follows:-
(Rs. in lakhs) Achmt. made
during 2005-06 Programme for
2006-07 Sl.
No. Components Unit
Physical Financial Physical Financial 1 Conducting of
orientation course for technical personnel's
Nos. 12 1.20 12 1.20
2 Purchase of computers for Soil Health Card (3 Labs)
Nos. 3 3.40 .. ..
Sl. No. Components Unit Achmt. made during 2005-06
Programme for 2006-07
Physical Financial Physical Financial 3 Distribution of
Colour Chart to decide Nitrogen requirement
L.No 2.15 49.0 2.25 50.00
4 Purchase of equipments to STLS
Nos. 2 10.0 .. ..
5 Strengthening of Fertiliser Control Lab
Centres .. .. 5 5.00
6 Strengthening of Fertiliser Testing infrastructure through purchase of Atomic Absorption Spectro Photo Meter
Nos. ... .. 4 60.00
7 Printing of Soil Health Card and distribution
L. Nos. ... ... 5 10
Total 63.60 126.20
4.1.4. Innovative Schemes Under Macro Management Mode Scheme, certain new innovative programmes have been taken up as indicated below.
4.1.4.1. Formation of Crop wise Farmers’ Interest Group Agricultural Extension has a crucial role for increasing the Agricultural production in a sustainable manner. Its normal task of transferring and disseminating appropriate technologies and agronomic practices to the farmers through Agricultural Extension is not sufficient. Considering the fact that the stake holders participation in an activity is a sure recipe of success, a special scheme “Formation of Farmers’ Interest Groups” for identified crop has been take up. This scheme contemplates, formation of ‘Farmers Interest Group’ with 10 to 15 members at village level for select dry land crops. The Farmers’ Interest Groups thus formed in a phased manner are proposed to be federated at taluk level, district level and state level and these groups will be involved in the implementation of respective crop oriented schemes besides involving them in development of strategies and programmes. The Farmers’ Interest Groups are also proposed to be strengthened with technical back up by providing office automation, setting up of library and periodical supply of technical bulletins. Once, the Farmers Interest Groups are established and federated, any technical information and other details like input availability, price, market situation etc., can be directly delivered to the Farmers’ Interest Groups formed for specific crops through communication network.
During 2005-2006, 600 Farmers’ Interest Groups have been formed under new interventions of Macro Mode in 18 districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Cuddalore, Villupuram, Vellore, Thiruvannamalai, Krishnagiri, Namakkal, Erode, Pudukottai, Trichy, Perambalur, Karur, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Virudhunagar and Thoothukudi, at a cost of Rs.30.00 lakhs.
During 2006-2007, this programme will be extended to all districts for all rainfed crops and 600 new Farmers’ Interest Groups will be formed. An amount of Rs.5000/- each will be extended as assistance to these groups for office automation and setting up of library. Further the activities of the 600 Farmers’ Interest Groups formed last year will be strengthened by providing technical training and these groups will be federated at district level and State level. This programme will be taken up at a cost of Rs.60.00 lakhs.
4.1.4.2. Promotion of Sugarbeet As a part of Alternate Cropping Strategy, sugar beet is being promoted for production of bio fuel at lesser cost for eco friendly use. The scheme to promote sugarbeet cultivation will be continued during this year also. 4.1.4.3. Drip Fertigation for Sugarcane
The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University has developed a new technology in sugarcane cultivation by adopting paired row planting and pit method of planting with drip fertigation to increase the productivity of sugarcane. Drip fertigation technology coupled with Paired row / pit method of planting registered higher cane yield of 188 MT per Ha. compared to conventional system of planting which recorded 138 MT per Ha. It has been decided to promote this technology for large scale adoption to sustain the sugarcane production. Hence to promote this drip fertigation technology in sugarcane, a scheme is under implementation as a special scheme under Macro Management Mode scheme. During 2005-06, this scheme was implemented at cost of Rs.120.07 lakhs.
During 2006-07, this programme is proposed to be implemented at a cost of Rs.139.46 lakhs to cover 464 Ha. Under this scheme Rs.25000 will be extended as Government subsidy and Rs.12500 as subsidy by Sugar Mills per Ha. The component wise progress made during 2005-06 and Programme for 2006-07 are as follows:-
(Rs. in lakhs)
2005-06
Physical Financial
Programme for 2006-07
Sl. No.
Component
Unit Target Achmt Target Achmt. Physical Financial
1. Drip Fertigation Demonstration under row system of planting @ Rs.25000 / Ha.
Ha 375 375 93.75 93.75
2. Drip Demonstration under pit method of planting @ Rs.30000 / Ha.
Ha 30 30 9.00 9.00
464
116.00
3. SRF / Consultancy Services.
- - - 16.82 16.82 .. 19.26
4. Cost of pit making equipment
No. 1 1 0.50 0.50 5 4.20
Total 120.07 120.07 139.46
4.1.4.4. Tamil Nadu Women in Agri Business and Extension (TANWABE)
During last year 22600 groups of Farm Women and Farm Women Labourers were formed. During 2006-07 various schemes will be implemented by the Government to assist these groups to start Entrepreneurial units and activities related to Agriculture. The details are as follows:
a) Scheme to assist women self help groups for Setting up of Entrepreneurial units
During 2006-2007, a scheme to train 6000 identified farm women groups @ Rs.1000/- per group and to assist for the setting up of small units of identified EDP training skills @ Rs.3500/- per group will be implemented at a cost of Rs.291.79 lakhs as Innovative scheme under Macro Management Mode. The activities proposed for 2006-07 are as follows:-
S.No Activity Unit cost in Rs. Nos. Total cost
(Rs. in Lakhs) 1 1 day refresher training
on identified skills of Entrepreneurial Development to 6000 farm women groups (15 No/group)
Rs.1000/group 6000 60.00
2 Setting up of Small Units of identified EDP skills for6000 groups
Rs.3500/group 6000 210.00
3 Documentation & Contingencies
Rs.7820 per district per year
28 2.19
4 Data base/net working
Rs.70,000/- district per year
28 19.60
Total 291.79
This scheme will be helpful to the farm women groups to start agricultural and allied
enterprises on their own to run economically and technically viable projects.
b) Scheme for distribution of Agricultural Machineries to Farm Women Groups During 2006-07, the Agricultural machineries like power tiller, cultivator, disc plough, thrasher, Sugarcane planter will be distributed at a cost of Rs.66.75 lakhs at 25 % subsidy to 100 farm women groups. This scheme will be implemented so as to improve the financial status of the women groups by letting out the machineries on hire to other farmers and also for the use of their own members.
c) Scheme to assist the farm women group for the production of Bio Control Agents During 2006-07, assistance will be extended to identified 9 farm women groups at the rate of 5.00 lakhs each as revolving funds to establish bio control agents production centre. This will enable the rural farmers to get the bio control agents easily and will also motivate others to start such centres. 4.2. Integrated Scheme for Oilseeds, Pulses, Oilpalm and Maize
The GOI have launched an "Integrated scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize" (ISOPOM) from 2004-05 onwards amalgamating Technology Mission Mode schemes
viz., Accelerated Maize development, National Pulses Development Programme, Oilseed Development Programme and Oil Palm Development Programme. The State can plan and choose location specific programme under ISOPOM to increase the productivity of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize. The expenditure under ISOPOM is shared by GOI and the State Government on 75:25 basis.
The expenditure during 2005-06 and financial outlay for 2006-07 crop wise are as
follows: (Rs. in Lakhs)
Crop 2005-06 Expenditure
2006-07 Outlay
Oilseeds 756.433 1111.378
Pulses 422.467 603.399
Maize 66.065 66.000
Oilpalm 312.137 450.307
Total 1557.102 2231.084 Under this scheme, subsidy will be extended for production and distribution of quality
seeds, development of irrigation facilities, laying out of compact block demonstration, Integrated pest management, distribution of gypsum, bio fertilizers, bio pesticides, plant production equipments, weedicides besides farmers training and intensive village preseason campaigns will be conducted.
4.3. Technology Mission Schemes 4.3.1. Intensive Cotton Development Programme under Mini Mission II To increase the area and production of cotton, Technology Mission programme on cotton is being implemented in all the districts of the State except Nilgiris, Kanyakumari, Thiruvallur and Kancheepuram. The expenditure under this scheme is shared by Government of India and State Government on 75:25 basis.
During 2006-07, this scheme will be implemented at a cost of Rs.419.81 lakhs by extending subsidy on quality seed production, farmers field school, plant protection activities, sprayers distribution, micro irrigation equipments distribution, bio fertilizers and micro nutrient distribution and assistance for training. 4.4. Seed Village Scheme
Seed, a vital input, plays a critical role in increasing the productivity of crops. In order to ensure availability of more quantity of quality seeds at villages, a “Seed Village Scheme” for paddy, pulses and oilseeds will be implemented at a cost of Rs.2 crores with GOI Grant-in-aid during 2006-07. Under this scheme, 5000 villages under paddy, 500 villages in pulses and 500 villages in oilseeds, where these crops are predominantly cultivated will be identified and seed village activities will be taken up by providing basic quality seeds from the Department at subsidised cost. By this programme, all the farmers in the above villages will get quality seeds to take up cultivation.
4.5. National Project on Organic Farming A project proposal for the promotion of Organic Farming concept in Tamil Nadu was sent to GOI at an outlay of Rs.76.77 lakhs for the conduct of trainings, seminars, workshops
and setting up of Model Organic Farms in the State Seed Farms. Under the National Project on Organic Farming, the Government of India has accorded financial approval for the above proposal and released Rs.55.57 lakhs as Ist instalment.
The funds approved for 2006-07 for various components is as follows:
(Rs. in lakhs)
Sl. No.
Component Financial assistance per Unit
Physical (Nos.)
Finan- cial
Ist Instal- ment
1 Training to Certification and Inspection Agencies.
0.51 2 1.02 0.765
2. Training on Production and Quality control of Organic inputs
0.51 2 1.02 0.765
3. Training of Field functionaries / Extension Officers
0.39 3 1.17 0.877
4. Training of farmers on organic farming
0.13 2 0.26 0.195
5. Field demonstration on organic inputs
0.10 13 1.30 0.975
6. Setting up of Model Organic Farm
4.00 10 40.00 20.000
7. Organisation of State and Regional workshop
.. 1+4 2.00 2.000
8. Setting up of Vermiculture Hatcheries in State Seed Farms
1.50 20 30.00 30.000
TOTAL 76.77 55.577
The above scheme is proposed to be implemented during the year 2006-07 with the
involvement of farmers practicing organic farming and NGOs in the promotion of organic farming.
4.6. Schemes Operated/ Funded By Coconut Development Board 4.6.1. Area Expansion under Coconut This scheme is implemented in the State with the aim to increase the area under Coconut with 100% assistance from the Coconut Development Board. The Coconut Development Board is providing a sum of Rs.4000/- per ha. as subsidy towards the cost of seedlings, digging pits, planting and other expenditure for establishing new plantations in the first year. In the second year another Rs.4000/- is provided to meet the cost of maintenance. In total Rs.8000/- per ha. is extended as subsidy for two years as direct funding by Coconut Development Board, Kochi.
During 2006-07, the Coconut Development Board is extending assistance for area expansion of 300 ha. with the financial allocation of Rs.18.60 lakhs.
4.6.2. Subsidy for Coconut Nursery
To encourage establishment of private coconut nurseries in the State, the Coconut Development Board is also extending an assistance at the rate of Rs.3.00 lakhs to small nurseries and Rs.6.00 lakhs for big nurseries. This assistance is being extended on need basis, during 2006-2007 also.
During 2006-07, this programme is proposed to be implemented directly by Coconut Development Board at a cost of Rs.17.00 lakhs. 4.6.3. Integrated Farming in Coconut Holdings for Productivity Improvement In order to improve the productivity of Coconut plantation the 100% Government of India shared Centrally Sponsored scheme is implemented in the State through Coconut Development Board. The Component under the scheme envisages removal of senile and diseased trees, laying out demonstration plots and organic manure units.
The progress made under this scheme during 2005-2006 and programme for 2006-07 is furnished below:
(Rs. in Lakhs) 2005-06 2006-07
Physical Financial Physical Finan-
cial Sl. No Component Unit
Target Achmt. Target Achmt. Target Target
1 Maintenance of disease affected palms
Nos. 5000 5000 12.500 12.500 20000 50.000
2 Demonstration Plots
Ha. 690 690 120.750 120.750 1150 201.250
3 Organic Manure pits
Nos. 100 100 20.000 20.000 80 16.000
4 Copra Drier distribution
Nos. 100 68 6.750 4.521 - -
TOTAL
160.000 157.771 267.250
4.6.4. Production and Distribution of Tall x Dwarf Hybrid coconut seedlings at Navlock The coconut nursery functioning at Navlock in Vellore district for the production of Tall x Dwarf Coconut seedling is functioning with 50% financial assistance from Coconut Development Board and remaining 50% by State Government. Under this scheme, 50,000 Tall x Dwarf coconut seedlings have been produced and distributed against the target of 99,000 seedlings during 2005-06.
During 2006-07, it is proposed to implement the scheme at a cost of Rs.18.75 lakhs for the production and distribution of 75,000 Tall x Dwarf coconut seedlings.
4.7. Agricultural Information System Network Project (AGRISNET)
Use of Information and communication technology in the field of agriculture is gaining priority. The technical messages, Input supply position, monitoring of price, scheme activities including subsidy programmes to farmers and quality control work have to be integrated for speedy exchange of information through Internet to the farmers. The ICT is also highly essential for synergising the activities of the Department. The linkage through Website programmed now is also highly useful to develop communication between the Department, University, women groups, Farmers Interest Groups and also the farmers. Based on this, the GOI have approved Rs.831.40 lakhs under AGRISNET (Agricultural Information System Net Work) Project for the computerisation of entire Department. The main object is to link State Headquarters with Block and districts. During 2006-07, the Government of India have sanctioned Rs.302.40 lakhs of which Rs.131.90 lakhs have been released towards the First Instalment.
Under this project, purchase of computers to provide Network facilities, establishing linkages, data entry and HRD training activities will be taken up. 4.8. Support to State Extension Programme for Extension Reforms (ATMA) A scheme on Support to State Extension Programme for Extension Reforms with coordination of line departments viz., Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Sericulture, Fisheries, Forestry, Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Marketing is formulated with the sharing pattern of 90:10 by the Centre and State Government. Under this scheme, plans will be formulated at Block level based on the farmers demand and approved by district autonomous body (Agricultural Technology Management Agency). It is proposed to be implemented in 133 blocks of 9 districts viz., Vellore, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Salem, Erode, Pudukottai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi in Tamil Nadu.
Government of India has approved and sanctioned Rs.259.95 lakhs and released Rs.128.00 lakhs. The State Government has released Rs.14.22 lakhs as its share.
Under ATMA, it is proposed to implement farmers oriented activities that includes training to farmers, organising demonstrations, exposure visit as inter state and inter districts, mobilizing farmers interest groups,. organisations, cooperatives, creating revolving fund, Rewards and incentives, dissemination of information through various traditional and electronic media, interactions between farmers, Research and extension personalities, adoption of frontline demonstrations and researchable issues through KVKs and local Research centres, providing infrastructure facilities to State Nodal office, district level office of ATMA and block level farm information centres. For preparation of strategic research and extension plan for the year 2006-07, Master Trainer Training was conducted and based on village level surveys conducted, Action Plan is being formulated with strategies and thrust areas by the District Governing Board and the consolidated State Extension work Plan will be implemented with the approval of Government of India.
Table - 1 DETAILS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION CENTRES
DISTRICT WISE District No. of
sub- divisions
Agricultural Extension
Centres Main
Sub Total
Thiruvallur 7 14 21 35 Kancheepuram 6 13 16 29 Vellore 7 20 24 44 Thiruvannamalai 6 17 24 41 Cuddalore 6 13 17 30 Villupuram 8 21 27 48 Tiruchirappalli 5 15 10 25 Perambalur 3 10 7 17 Karur 2 8 4 12 Pudukottai 7 13 20 33 Thanjavur 8 14 47 61 Thiruvarur 7 10 32 42 Nagapattinam 6 11 33 44 Ramanathapuram 5 11 6 17 Madurai 6 14 18 32 Theni 3 9 12 21 Dindigul 5 13 15 28 Salem 5 20 11 31 Namakkal 4 15 17 32 Dharmapuri 5 8 8 16 Krishnagiri 3 10 7 17 Erode 7 20 26 46 Coimbatore 7 22 21 43 Virudunagar 6 11 5 16 Sivaganga 6 11 10 21 Tuticorin 7 12 16 28 Tirunelveli 9 19 31 50 Kanyakumari 4 10 11 21 Total 160 384 496 880
Table - 2 State Seed Farms
Sl. No. Place District 1 Kancheepuram Kancheepuram 2 Kolandalur Thiruvallur 3 Vanur Villupuram 4 Iruvelpattu Villupuram 5 Kakkuppam Villupuram 6 Vadakananthal Villupuram 7 Miralur Cuddalore 8 Vandrayanpet Cuddalore 9 Aththiyandhal Thiruvannamalai
10 Vazhavachanur Thiruvannamalai 11 Mettur Dam Salem 12 Danishpet Salem 13 Papparapatti Dharmapuri 14 Pongalur Coimbatore 15 Pappankulam Coimbatore
16 Sathiyamangalam Erode 17 Bhavani Erode 18 Inungur Karur 19 Neikkuppaipudur Trichirappalli 20 Pudurpalayam Trichirappalli 21 Annapannai Pudukkottai 22 Sakkottai Thanjavur 23 Devambalpattinam Thiruvarur 24 Kanchikudikkadu Thiruvarur 25 Keerandhi Thiruvarur 26 Nedumbalam Thiruvarur 27 Thiyagarajapuram Thiruvarur 28 Sakkaramangalam Thiruvarur 29 Moongilkudi Thiruvarur 30 Nagamangalam Nagapattinam
Sl. No. Place District 31 Thirukkadaiyur Nagapattinam 32 Vinayakapuram Madurai 33 Keezhakudalur Theni 34 Devadanam Virudhunagar 35 Karaiiruppu Tirunelveli 36 Melagaram Tirunelveli 37 Thirupathisaram Kanyakumari
State Oilseed Farm
Sl. No. Place District 1 Musaravakkam Kancheepuram 2 Agasipalli Krishnagiri 3 Vellalaviduthi Pudukkottai 4 Navlock Vellore 5 Bhavanisagar Erode
Pulses Farm
Sl. No. Place District 1 Vamban Pudukkottai
Table - 3
SEED PROCESSING UNITS No. of Units Sl.
No District
Major Medium MiniTotal
1 Kancheepuram 1 … 6 72 Thiruvallur 1 … 3 43 Cuddalore … … 2 24 Villupuram 2 … 2 45 Vellore .. … 2 26 T.V.Malai 2 … 5 77 Salem 1 … 1 28 Namakkal .. … 1 19 Dharmapuri .. … 2 2
10 Krishnagiri … 1 1 211 Coimbatore .. … 3 312 Erode 1 … 1 213 Trichy … … 2 214 Perambalur … … 1 115 Karur 1 .. .. 116 Pudukkotai 1 1 2 417 Thanjavur 2 .. 1 318 Nagapattinam .. .. 3 319 Thiruvarur 1 .. 3 420 Madurai 1 … 2 321 Theni .. … 1 122 Dindigul 1 .. .. 123 Ramnad … 1 1 224 Sivaganga … … 2 225 Virudunagar … … 3 326 Tirunelveli … … 3 327 Thoothukudi 1 … 1 228 Kanyakumari … … 1 1
TOTAL 16 3 55 74
Table 4
Table 5
S. No
District Pesticide Testing
Laboratory
Bio Fertiliser Laboratory
Bio Control Laboratory
Micro Nutrient Mixture
Production Centre
1 Kanchee- puram
1 Kanchee- puram
1 Panjupetta (IPM Centre)
2 Thiruvallur 3 Cuddalore 2 Cuddalore 1 Cuddalore 4 Villupuram 2 Villupuram 5 Vellore 6 Thiruvanna-
malai
7 Salem 3 Salem 2 Salem 3 Seela-
S. No
District Fertiliser Testing Laboratory
Mobile Soil Testing Laboratory
Soil Testing Laboratory
1 Kancheepuram 1 Kancheepuram 1 Kancheepuram
2 Thiruvallur 1 Thiruvallur
3 Cuddalore 2 Cuddalore
4 Villupuram 2 Villupuram 2 Villupuram
5 Vellore 3 Melalathur
6 Thiruvannamalai 3 Thiruvannamalai
7 Salem 3 Salem 4 Salem 8 Namakkal 4 Namakkal
9 Dharmapuri 4 Dharmapuri 5 Dharmapuri
10 Krishnagiri 5 Krishnagiri
11 Coimbatore 5 Coimbatore 6 Coimbatore 6 Coimbatore
12 Erode 7 Erode 7 Erode
13 Trichy 6 Trichy 8 Trichy
14 Perambalur 8 Perambalur
15 Karur 9 Karur
16 Pudukkottai 9 Kudumianmalai
17 Thanjavur 7 Kumbakonam 10 Aduthurai
18 Nagapattinam 10 Nagapattinam
19 Thiruvarur 8 Thiruvarur 11 Thiruvarur
20 Madurai 9 Madurai 12 Madurai 11 Madurai
21 Theni 12 Theni
22 Dindigul 10 Dindigul 13 Dindigul
23 Ramnatha puram 11 Paramakudi 13 Paramakudi 14 Paramakudi 24 Sivagangai 15 Sivagangai 25 Virudhunagar 14 Aruppukkottai
26 Tirunelveli 16 Tirunelveli 27 Thoothukudi 12 Kovilpatti 15 Kovilpatti 17 Kovilpatti
28 Kanyakumari 13 Nagarcoil 16 Nagercoil 18 Nagercoil
29 Ooty 14 Ooty 19 Ooty
naickanpatti 8 Namakkal 4 Namakkal 9 Dharmapuri 5 Papparapatti
10 Krishnagiri 11 Coimbatore 4 Coimbatore 6 Coimbatore 12 Erode 5 Erode 7 Bhavani 13 Trichy 6 Trichy 3 Trichy 8 Trichy
14 Perambalur 15 Karur 16 Pudukkottai 4 Kudumian-
malai 1 Kudumian
malai 17 Thanjavur 7 Aduthurai 5 Sakkottai 9 Kattuthottam 18 Nagapattinam
19 Thiruvarur 20 Madurai 8 Madurai 10
11Melur Vinayaga-puram (IPM Centre)
21 Theni 22 Dindigul 23 Ramnatha-
puram 6 Ramnatha
puram
24 Sivagangai 25 Virudhunagar 26 Tirunelveli 12 Palayamkottai 27 Thoothukudi 9 Kovilpatti
28 Kanyakumari 29 Ooty
Table 6 S. No
District Farmers Training Centre
Coconut Nursery
Green Muscar
dine Fungus
Production Centre
Nuclear Poly Hedrosis
Production Centre -
Groundnut
1 Kanchee -puram
1 Kanchee puram 1 Pichiwakkam 1 Kanchee- puram
2 Thiruvallur 2 Madhavaram 3 Cuddalore 3 Cuddalore 1 Virudha-
chalam
4 Villupuram 2 Tindivanam 5 Vellore 3 Vellore 4 Navlock 6 Thiruvanna -
malai 4 Thiruvanna -
malai 5 Vazhava-
chanur
7 Salem 5 Salem 6 Danishpet 8 Namakkal 6 Namakkal 9 Dharmapuri 7 Dharmapuri
10 Krishnagiri 8 Krishnagiri 7 P.G. Pudur 11 Coimbatore 8 Aliyarnagar 2 Coimbatore12 Erode 9 Erode 9 Bhavani sagar 13 Trichy 10 Lalgudi 10 Srirangam 3 Trichy 14 Perambalur 11 Perambalur 15 Karur 12 Karur 16 Pudukkottai 13 Kudumianmalai 11 Vellala vidudhi 17 Thanjavur 14 Sakkottai 12 Pattukkottai 18 Nagapattinam 13 Malliam 19 Thiruvarur
20 Madurai 4 Madurai 21 Theni 15 Theni 14 Vaigai Dam 22 Dindigul 16 Dindigul 23 Ramnatha
puram 17 Paramakudi 15
16 Uchipuli Devi pattinam
24 Sivagangai 18 Sivagangai 17 Chadu rveda mangalam
25 Virudhunagar 19 Virudhunagar 18 Devadha nam 26 Tirunelveli 20 Palayamkottai 19
20 Senkottai Vadakarai
27 Thoothukudi 21 Thoothukudi 21 Killikulam 28 Kanyakumari 22 Nagercoil 22 Puthalam 2 Nagarkoil 29 Ooty 23 Ooty
Table 7
S. No
District Parasite Breeding Centre -
Sugarcane
Parasite Breeding Centre - Coconut
Parasite Breeding Centre - Cotton
1 Kancheepuram 1 Maduranthagam 1 Chengalpattu 2 Thiruvallur 2 Putlur 3 Cuddalore 2 Virudhachalam 3 Cuddalore
4 Villupuram 3 4 5
Villupuram Kallakurichi Tindivanam
1 Villupuram
5 Vellore 6 7 8
Ambur Gudiyatham Thiruppathur
4 5 6
Melalathur Vaniyambadi Natrampalli (Thiruppathur)
6 Thiruvannamalai 9 Thiruvannmalai
7 Salem 10 Mohanur 7 Sukkampatti 8 Namakkal 8 Paramathivellore 9 Dharmapuri 11 Papparapatti 9 Dharmapuri
10 Krishnagiri 11 Coimbatore 12 Udumalaipettai 10 Pollachi 12 Erode 13 Gobi 11 Gobi 2 Gobi 13 Trichy 14 Lalgudi 12 Trichy 14 Perambalur 15 Perambalur 15 Karur 16
17 Karur Kulithalai
16 Pudukkottai 17 Thanjavur 18 Thanjavur 13 Thanjavur
18 Nagapattinam 19 Mayiladuthurai 19 Thiruvarur 20 Madurai 20 Melur 14 Madurai (N) 3 Melur 21 Theni 22 Dindigul 21 Nilakottai
23 Ramnatha puram 15 Uchipuli 24 Sivagangai 16 Singampunari 25 Virudhunagar 17 Devadhanam 26 Tirunelveli 18 Senkottai 27 Thoothukudi 19 Udhankudi 28 Kanyakumari 20 Nagarcoil 29 Ooty
82 8
CHAPTER III HORTICULTURE
1. Introduction Tamil Nadu is blessed with diversified agro-climatic conditions suitable for growing a wide range of horticultural crops like fruits, vegetables, spices, plantation crops, flowers, medicinal and aromatic plants. Tamil Nadu is contributing 8.7 percent of the production of horticultural crops and 5.3 percent of the area at National level. A large extent of wastelands and marginal lands are available in the State for the development of Horticulture. Tamil Nadu has a long coastal belt of 1076 km. well suited for the development of crops like cashew, tropical orchids etc. The southern part of Tamil Nadu has the potential for growing off-season mangoes and grapes.
A lot of awareness has been created among the farmers of Tamil Nadu about the cultivation of high value horticulture crops in recent past. It is aimed to achieve 8 per cent annual growth rate during X Five Year Plan period in the horticultural sector and doubling the production at the end of the XI Five Year Plan period viz. 2011-12.
(Area: Lakh Ha., Production: Lakh MT., Productivity: MT/Ha.) 2000-01
2005-06
(Provisional) 2006-07
(Estimated) Sl. No.
Crops
Area Prodn. Pvty. Area Prodn. Pvty. Area Prodn. Pvty.1 Fruits 2.23 40.06 17.96 2.55 48.56 19.07 2.75 52.53 19.102 Vegetables 2.20 59.39 26.99 2.32 68.00 29.33 2.50 73.50 29.403 Spices 1.68 6.62 3.94 1.54 8.68 5.64 1.66 9.96 6.004 Plantation
Crops 2.20 7.73 3.51 2.49 8.30 3.23 2.64 9.24 3.50
5 Flowers 0.19 1.45 7.75 0.25 2.02 8.11 0.27 2.30 8.50
6 Medicinal Plants
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.11 2.00 0.06 0.13 2.10
Total 8.51 115.27 13.55 9.21 135.67 14.77 9.88 147.66 14.95
2. State Plan Schemes
2.1. Integrated Horticulture Development Scheme
a) Area Expansion
This scheme is being implemented in 29 districts excluding Chennai. Under this scheme elite planting materials, high yielding / hybrid vegetable seeds are distributed to horticultural farmers at 50% subsidised cost.
b) State Horticulture Farms There are 51 State Horticulture Farms and 4 Parks (including Government Botanical
Garden, Udhagamandalam) under the control of Horticulture Department. Pedigree planting materials are being produced from these State Horticulture Farms and distributed to the farmers under various schemes. They also serve as “Model Demonstration Farm” to the local growers. The Botanical Garden and Parks serve as study centers for the students and attract many tourists. During 2005-06, a quantity of 88.842 lakh nos. of planting materials were produced from these State Horticulture Farms.
During 2006-07, it is programmed to produce 95 lakh nos. of planting materials of fruits, flowers, spices, ornamental plants, economic plants and medicinal and aromatic plants from these farms. The details of State Horticulture Farms are furnished in the annexure.
c) Horticulture Training Centre
82 8
Apart from the two training centres functioning at Kudumianmalai in Pudukottai district and Madhavaram in Thiruvallur district, two more new Training Centres one at Thali in Krishnagiri district and another at The Nilgiris were started during 2004-05. In these centres, training is imparted to the farmers and field level functionaries of Horticulture Department on hi-tech horticulture. During 2005-06, 492 extension functionaries were trained on various scientific technologies and it is proposed to train 1500 farmers and 600 field level functionaries during 2006-07.
A sum of Rs.876.710 lakhs is earmarked for implementing Integrated Horticulture Development Scheme during 2006-07 as against Rs.854.010 lakhs allotted for the year 2005-06.
2.2. Integrated Tribal Development Programme Under this scheme, planting materials, seeds etc. are distributed to tribal farmers at
75% subsidised cost in Salem, Namakkal, Dharmapuri, Tiruvannamalai, Vellore, Trichy and Villupuram districts. Tour and training programmes are conducted in order to educate the tribal farmers on improved technologies. A sum of Rs.39.321 lakhs was provided to implement the scheme during 2005-06. The scheme is proposed to be implemented at an outlay of Rs.40.00 lakhs during 2006-07.
2.3. Western Ghats Development Programme Under this scheme, quality planting materials of mango, nelli, sapota etc. and other
inputs are being distributed to the horticultural growers at 25% subsidised cost in the districts of Coimbatore, Erode, Dindigul, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari. The scheme is proposed to be implemented during 2006-07 at a total cost of Rs.77.67 lakhs taking into consideration of implementing National Horticulture Mission in many districts.
2.4. Hill Area Development Programme
Under this scheme, pedigree fruit plants, high yielding vegetable seeds, spices, plants are distributed to the horticultural growers of The Nilgiris district at 25% subsidy. During 2005-06, a sum of Rs.298.250 lakhs was allotted to implement the scheme. As The Nilgiris district has been included under National Horticulture Mission, the scheme is proposed to be implemented with an outlay of Rs.299.06 lakhs during 2006-07.
2.5. Part-II Schemes Under Part-II scheme power tiller with multi purpose tanker has been provided to 25
state horticulture farms at a cost of Rs.50.00 lakhs. In addition to this, a sum of Rs9.580 lakhs has been utilised for laying out organic farming plots in 15 state horticulture farms in an extent of 18 Ha. to educate the growers on the concept of organic farming. During 2006-07, infrastructure facilities will be provided to 11 State Horticultural Farms functioning in 15 Non-National Horticulture Mission districts at a cost of Rs. 40.02 lakhs.
2.6. City Vegetable Development Scheme Under this scheme planting materials, fertilizers and plant protection chemicals are
distributed to Chennai city dwellers besides providing technical know-how to them. During the year 2005-06, the scheme was implemented with an outlay of Rs.2.90 lakhs and the scheme will be implemented at an outlay of Rs.3.00 lakhs during 2006-07.
82 8
2.7. a. Tamil Nadu Precision Farming Project (Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri Districts)
Tamil Nadu Precision Farming Project is being implemented in the districts of Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri to cover an area of 400 Ha. of farmers’ holdings at an outlay of Rs.720.60 lakhs over a period of 3 years. Under this scheme, high value crops like gherkins, hybrid tomato, capsicum, chillies, baby corn, white onion, bhendi, cabbage and cauliflower are cultivated adopting precision farming technologies. In view of new schemes, the beneficiaries selected during first year are provided with 100% subsidy, second year beneficiaries with 90% subsidy and third year beneficiaries with 80% subsidy. An area of 100 Ha. was covered during 2004-05 and 200 Ha. during 2005-06. An extent of 100 Ha. is proposed to be covered under this scheme during 2006-07 with a financial outlay of Rs.120.850 lakhs. The scheme is implemented by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University on Turnkey basis.
b. Tamil Nadu Precision Farming Project (Seven districts) Tamil Nadu Precision Farming Project is to be implemented in Vellore, Erode, Madurai, Theni, Tirunelvlei, Kancheepuram and Tiruvallur districts involving 90% subsidy for which an amount of Rs.992.950 lakhs was sanctioned during 2005-2006. Under this scheme, annual fruits, vegetables and flowers will be cultivated in an area of 735 Ha. adopting precision farming technologies. During 2006-07, the scheme will be implemented with an outlay of Rs.1000.00 lakhs in an area of 735 Ha.
2.8. Promotion of Alternate Crops in The Nilgiris District This scheme is implemented in The Nilgiris district. Under this scheme multi-tier
cropping viz. cultivation of silver oak, pepper, cardamom, mandarin orange, etc., along with tea is being popularized among growers. Considering the suitable agro-climatic condition of the district, new crops like Macadamia and Pecan nuts have been identified for introduction and are cultivated in State Horticultural Farms at Nanjanad and Colegrain on trial basis. Efforts will be taken to introduce these crops in farmers’ holdings of selected pockets of the district. This scheme will be implemented during 2006-07 at an outlay of Rs.50.00 lakhs as done during last year.
2.9. Tamil Nadu Horticultural Development Mission To promote high density planting in mango and cashew cultivation, a sum of
Rs.16.12 lakhs was sanctioned. Under this scheme, 50 Demonstration plots will be laid out in mango and cashew in selected districts during the current year. Farmers will also be trained on scientific cultivation of high yielding varieties of mango and cashew and also on post harvest technologies.
3. Schemes Shared Between State And Centre 3.1. Innovative Programme (Government of India 90% and State Government 10%)
Under this scheme, infrastructure facilities for cleaning, grading, packing of horticultural produces are undertaken. The unspent balance of Rs.169.98 lakhs was revalidated and an amount of Rs.73.260 lakhs has been spent. This scheme will be implemented at a cost of Rs.96.72 lakhs during 2006-07.
3.2. Micro Irrigation (Government of India 80% and State Government 20%)
82 8
Under this scheme, micro irrigation (Drip and Sprinkler irrigation system) will be promoted to horticultural crops for which 50% subsidy will be given to the growers. Each beneficiary will be assisted to install micro irrigation systems in their holdings to a maximum extent of 5 hectares. During 2006-07, an area of 80167 Ha. is proposed to be brought under micro irrigation at a total cost of Rs.15742.62 lakhs benefiting 80200 farmers.
Schemes Fully Funded by Government of India 4. NATIONAL HORTICULTURE MISSION This scheme aims at holistic development of Horticulture involving appropriate cultivars, good agronomical practices, post harvest handling, processing and marketing with an end to end approach. The details of financial assistance provided under the Mission are as follows:
a) To produce pedigree planting materials, assistance is provided for the establishment of Model Nurseries (4 Ha.) and Small Nurseries (1 Ha. each) at an assistance of Rs.18 lakhs and Rs.3 lakhs respectively. 100% assistance is provided to Public sector while 50% assistance is given to Private sector.
b) To produce vegetable seeds, an assistance of Rs.50000/Ha. is provided as full grant to Public sector and 50% assistance is given to Private sector.
c) For taking up cultivation of perennial fruit crops 75% subsidy not exceeding of Rs.22500/Ha. and for non-perennial fruits 50% subsidy not exceeding Rs.15000/Ha. is given over a period of three years.
d) For cultivation of different kinds of flowers 50% subsidy ranging from Rs.12000/- to Rs.35000/Ha. is provided to small and marginal farmers, while 33% subsidy from Rs.7920/- to Rs.29700/Ha. is provided to other category of farmers.
e) To promote cultivation of spices, medicinal and aromatic plants and plantation crops 75% subsidy not exceeding Rs.11250/Ha. is provided.
f) To rejuvenate the senile plantations, 50% subsidy upto Rs.15000/Ha. is provided.
g) To create new water resources like construction of public tanks, water reservoirs and farm ponds in an area of 10 Ha. an assistance of Rs.10.00 lakhs is provided.
h) For establishing Polygreen houses, 50% subsidy of Rs.215/- to 325/- per sq. mtr. is given to small and marginal farmers, while 33% subsidy from Rs.67/- to 125/- per sq. mtr. is provided to other category of farmers.
i) For mulching, 50% subsidy of Rs.7000/Ha. and for the erection of shade net 50% assistance of Rs.7.00/sq.mtr. are provided.
j) For the adoption of Integrated Nutrient Management / Integrated Pest Management practices 50% subsidy of Rs.1000/Ha. is provided.
k) To promote organic farming, 50% subsidy to a maximum of Rs.10000/Ha. and for establishing Vermicompost units 50% subsidy to a maximum of Rs.15000/unit are provided.
Under this scheme, focus crops viz., mango, nelli, banana, cashew, chillies, turmeric, aromatic plants and flowers are promoted adopting cluster approach. This scheme is being implemented in the districts of Coimbatore, Erode, Salem, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Cuddalore, Madurai, Theni, Dindigul, Trichy, Sivagangai, Tirunelveli and Ramanathapuram incurring an expenditure of Rs.2462.67 lakhs out of Rs.3891.67 lakhs released by Government of India during 2005-06. During 2006-07, this scheme will be implemented with a financial outlay of Rs.9304.72 lakhs in 14 districts including The Nilgiris district which has been included additionally.
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The scheme is implemented through District Mission Committees headed by District Collector and the District Assistant Director of Horticulture is the Member-Secretary of the Committee.
5. Tamil Nadu Horticulture Nursery (Regulation) Bill Distribution of quality pedigree planting materials to the growers is the order of the day. There are 55 Government State Horticultural Farms including parks and about 285 private horticultural nurseries across the State which produce 2.05 crores of planting materials every year. As there is no Government mechanism to ensure the quality of the planting materials, Government of Tamil Nadu have sent a Draft Bill to Government of India for the introduction of Bill. Government of India have conveyed the approval of President of India to introduce the Bill in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Accordingly, Tamil Nadu Horticulture Nurseries (Regulation) Bill will be introduced in the Legislative Assembly and the Act will be enacted.
6. Tamil Nadu Horticulture Development Agency (TANHODA) Tamil Nadu Horticulture Development Agency was formed on 18.6.2004 and it has been registered as a Society under Tamil Nadu Society Registration Act, 1975.
It acts as a Special Purpose Vehicle for the purpose of implementing various schemes of Government of India like National Horticulture Mission, Micro Irrigation and other schemes funded by various agencies like National Horticulture Board, Agriculture and Processed Food Export Development Authority, etc.
7. Tsunami Relief Programme During December 2004 an area of 669.82 ha. of horticultural crops was affected by Tsunami in four districts, viz. Villupuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam and Kanayakumari and a sum of Rs.100.48 lakhs was allocated by Government of India for undertaking various relief measures over a period of three years. A sum of Rs.63.36 lakhs was spent in the first year towards land reclamation, application of red earth, gypsum and taking up cultivation of improved varieties of horticultural crops benefiting 2507 farmers. The balance amount Rs.37.12 lakhs will be spent during the second and third year i.e. 2006-07 and 2007-08 for rejuvenating the affected area.
8. Targets and Achievements The financial allocation for the year 2005-06 and the expenditure incurred and the
proposed outlay for the year 2006-2007 for the State Plan Schemes and Schemes shared between State and Centre and schemes fully funded by Government of India are furnished below.
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8.1. State Plan Schemes
2005-06 2006-07
Physical Financial Phy.Fin. (BE
2006-07)
S. No
Name of the Scheme Unit
Tar. Achmt. Tar. Achmt. Tar. Tar. 1 a
Integrated Horticulture Development Scheme Area Expansion
Ha.
16802
16802
261.000
261.280
16800
272.410
b State Horticulture Farms
Lakh nos.
86.467 88.842 594.580 587.490 95 593.080
c Horticulture Training Centre (Nos.) a. Farmers b. Field
level function- aries
Nos.
1400 600
-
492
11.640
5.240
1500600
11.220
Total 867.220 854.010 876.7102 Integrated
Tribal Development Programme
Ha. 904 904 39.330 39.321 900 40.000
3 Western Ghat Development Programme
Ha. 2828 2828 133.770 105.520 1500 77.67
4 Hill Area Development Programme
Ha. 2659 2659 297.500 298.250 2000 299.06
5 Part II Schemes a) Power
tiller b) Organic
farming
Nos.
Ha.
25
24
25
18
50.000
10.000
50.000
9.580
- -
40.020 -
2005-06 2006-07
Physical Financial Phy.Fin. (BE
2006-07)
S. No
Name of the Scheme Unit
Tar. Achmt. Tar. Achmt. Tar. Tar. 6 City
Vegetable Development Scheme
Nos. 100 100 2.900 2.900 100 3.000
7a
Tamil Nadu Precision Farming Project (Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts)
Ha. 200 200 166.080 83.080 100 120.850
b Tamil Nadu Precision Farming Project (7
Ha. 735 735 992.950 992.950 735 1000.000
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districts)
8 Alternate Cropping in Nilgiris District
Ha. 11.5 11.5 50.000 50.000 12 50.000
9 Tamil Nadu Horticulture Development Mission
Ha. 50 50 16.120 16.120 - -
Total - - 2625.870 2501.731 2507.310
8.2. Schemes Shared between State and Centre
Financial: Rs. in lakhs 2005-06 2006-07
Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. S. No
Name of the Scheme
Unit
Tar. Achmt. Tar. Achmt. Tar. Tar. 1 Innovative
Programme for Development
of Horticulture
Nos. 39 17 169.98 73.26 22 96.72
2 Micro Irrigation Ha - 8016715742.62 Total 169.98 73.26 15839.34
8.3. Schemes Fully Funded by Government of India
Financial: Rs. in lakhs
Finance
2005-06 2006-07 Sl. No.
Name of the Scheme Details
Release Achmt. Proposed
1 National Horticulture Mission
a) Plantation infrastructure and development
858.00 658.00 183.00
b) Establishment of new gardens 1251.00 851.00 3547.70
c) Rejuvenation / Replacement of Senile plantation
138.90 138.90 375.00
d) Creation of water resources 530.00 330.00 1000.00
e) Protected cultivation 121.00 121.00 299.09
f) Promotion of INM / IPM 309.00 109.00 508.00
g) Organic farming 152.60 152.60 474.00
h) Human Resource Development 188.00 80.00 172.50
Finance
2005-06 2006-07 Sl. No.
Name of the Scheme Details
Release Achmt. Proposed
National Horticulture Mission
i) Polination support through Bee keeping 10.24 10.24 11.20
j) Post Harvest Management 224.78 - 1391.74
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k) Mission Management 108.15 11.93 600.00
l) Additional proposals 0.00 0.00 742.50
Total 3891.67 2462.67 9304.72
9. Policy Focus for 2006-07
i. Promotion of Hi-tech Horticulture including Micro-Irrigation and Fertigation ii. Thrust on Integrated Pest Management & Integrated Nutrient Management iii. Promotion of Bio-technology / Tissue Culture iv. Formation of Horticulture Self Help Groups v. Focus on Off-Season Crops (Mango, Grapes) vi. Strengthening the production of Pedigree Planting materials. vii. Promotion of Organic Farming. viii. Formation of Agri Export Zones for increasing the export. ix. Transfer of Technologies by imparting training to the farmers. x. Human Resources Development through effective training for extension officers. xi. Post Harvest Management and reduction of post harvest losses.
Annexure
LIST OF STATE HORTICULTURE FARMS
Sl. No. District Location Area (Ha.)
1 Coimbatore Anaikatty 12.002 Coimbatore Kallar 8.723 Coimbatore Kannampalayam 27.664 Cuddalore Neyveli 40.485 Cuddalore Virudhachalam 10.536 Krishnagiri Thimmapuram 9.897 Krishnagiri Jeenur 122.388 Dindigul Kodaikanal 5.169 Dindigul Bryant Park,
Kodaikanal 8.30
10 Dindigul Thandikudi 5.4511 Dindigul Reddiarchatram 5.3312 Dindigul Sirumalai 202.4713 Kancheepuram Attur 12.2414 Kancheepuram Vichanthangal 22.9615 Kancheepuram Melkadirpur 42.1216 Kancheepuram Melottivakkam 20.3617 Kanyakumari Kanyakumari 12.8018 Kanyakumari Pechiparai 6.0719 Namakkal Semmedu 11.6220 Namakkal Padasolai 28.1421 Pudukottai Kudumianmalai 118.6822 Pudukottai Giant Orchard,
Vallathirakottai 521.20
23 Pudukottai Nattumangalam 53.0224 Salem Yercaud 10.1225 Salem Giant Orchard,
Karumandurai 419.77
26 Salem Maniyarkundram 100.0027 Salem Vegetable Seed
Production Centre, 5.49
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Sl. No. District Location Area (Ha.) Karumandurai
Sl. No. District Location Area (Ha.) 28 Salem Karumandurai 39.3529 Salem Mulluvadi 48.2030 Salem Sirumalai
(Arunuthumalai) 8.10
31 Sivagangai Devakottai 81.2032 Sivagangai Nemam 38.7733 Thanjavur Aduthurai 8.8034 Thanjavur Marungulam 10.58
35 The Nilgiris Burliar 6.2536 The Nilgiris Katteri 18.9637 The Nilgiris Coonoor 4.0538 The Nilgiris Pomological Station,
Coonoor 6.52
39 The Nilgiris Sims Park, Coonoor 12.14
40 The Nilgiris Doddabetta 4.0041 The Nilgiris Thummanatty 9.8042 The Nilgiris Vijayanagaram 14.4043 The Nilgiris Govt. Botanical
Garden, Uthagai 22.00
44 The Nilgiris Nanjanad 85.1845 The Nilgiris Devala 80.0046 Theni Periyakulam 9.3147 Thiruvallur Madhavaram 5.7648 Kancheepuram Pichivakkam 40.4349 Tirunelveli Courtallam 14.8950 Karur Mudalaipatti 23.9651 Vellore Thagarakuppam 34.4052 Vellore Kudapattu 10.4053 Vellore Navlock 84.4554 Virudhunagar Poovani 9.5755 Virudhunagar Giant Orchard,
Srivilliputhur 46.27
TOTAL 2620.70
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CHAPTER IV AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
1. Introduction
Agricultural Engineering Department provides solutions for the land and water management problems. Soil Conservation woks based on land slope such as Contour Stonewalls, Contour bunds, Checkdams and Rain water harvesting structures such as Farm ponds, Percolation ponds through Micro Watershed Development and Water management in canal, tank and well irrigated areas are the major activities of the department. Agricultural Mechanisation through Demonstration, Training and Distribution of agricultural implements, replacing old inefficient pumpsets with new energy efficient pumpsets are the recent efforts of the department. 2. Watershed Management 2.1. Soil and water conservation in the catchments of River Valley Project (Centrally Sponsored Scheme shared between State and Centre)
With a view to reduce siltation of the reservoirs, various soil conservation measures are taken up in the River Valley Catchments of Tamil Nadu. The soil conservation works are taken up on watershed basis in the Very High and High priority watersheds identified by the All India Soil and land Use Survey Organisation (AISLUS) and approved by Government of India. This scheme is being implemented with the financial assistance from both the Centre and State on 90:10 basis. During 2006-2007, it is programmed to take up soil and water conservation works in South Pennaiyar and Mettur River valley Catchments in Vellore, Thiruvannamalai, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri and Salem districts to cover 7700 hectares at a cost of Rs.900.00 lakhs.
2.2. Soil Conservation in Tribal Areas The objective of the scheme is to improve the economic status of the tribal farmers
through integrated development of tribal areas in Jawadhu hills (Vellore and Thiruvannamalai district), Kalrayan hills (Salem and Villupuram districts), Shevaroy hills (Salem district), Sitheri hills (Dharmapuri district), Kolli hills (Namakkal district) and Pachamalai (Trichy district). Land levelling, construction of contour rubble bunds with vegetative hedges and check dams are taken up in tribal areas with 100% subsidy assistance from Government. This provides employment to the local people and also help them to bring the treated areas under cultivation. During 2006-07, it is proposed to continue the programme at a cost of Rs.138.00 lakhs. 2.3. Soil and water conservation under Hill Area Development Programme
The objective of the scheme is to restore and maintain the ecology of the Nilgiris District through integrated watershed development approach. The Nilgiris district has been delineated into 75 watersheds. Among these watersheds, highly degraded watersheds are taken up for treatment. Soil conservation works are being taken up in these watersheds. Besides soil conservation works, landslide preventive measures are also taken up. The beneficiaries are required to contribute at the rate of 10% for individual works and 5% for community works and the balance is met under the scheme. In the case of SC/ST communities, the contribution required is 5%. The landslide treatment measures are however, executed under 100% grant. During 2006-07, it is proposed to continue this programme with a total outlay of Rs.350.00 lakhs.
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2.4. Soil and water conservation under Western Ghat Development Programme Soil and water conservation through micro watershed development is taken up in the
Western Ghat areas covering the districts of Coimbatore, Erode, Dindigul, Theni, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli, and Kanyakumari. The beneficiaries are required to contribute at the rate of 10% for individual works and 5% for community works and the balance is met under the scheme. It is 5% in case of SC/ST, for individual works. During 2006-07, it is proposed to continue this programme with a total outlay of Rs.590.16 lakhs.
2.5. Scheme for Water Harvesting and Run-off Management in the Watersheds of Tamil Nadu
The increased exploitation of ground water in many areas of the State has resulted in lowering of water table below the economic pumping level. The ground water potential has been exploited to such an extent that special methods of rainwater harvesting and ground water recharge are warranted to save the well irrigated areas. During 2006-07, it is programmed to take up Rain water harvesting and runoff management works on mini watershed basis at a total cost of Rs.64.09 Crores in such a way that the moisture regime of the watershed is improved for increased land use. Out of this, it is programmed to implement rainwater harvesting and run off management works at a cost of Rs.17.28 Crores under State Plan and at a cost of Rs 47.81 Crores with loan assistance from NABARD under RIDF. 3. Water Management 3.1. Command Area Development and Water Management Programme (Centrally sponsored scheme shared between State and Centre)
Command Area Development and Water Management Programme is being
implemented in the State with an aim to improve the water use efficiency in canal irrigated areas. At present, this scheme is being implemented with the financial assistance from both the Centre and State on 50:50 basis in Cauvery Command, Parambikulam Aliyar Project, Tambirabarani River Basin Project, Gadana Ramanadhi Irrigation System, Nambiyar River Basin System, Patchaiyar River Basin System, Manimuthar Irrigation System, Aanaimaduvu System, Chinnar Resevoir system and Maruthanathi System. The Agricultural Engineering Department has also developed a water management strategy for the area below the sluice, which is crucial for agricultural production.
The five major components of Command Area Development and Water Management
and the proposed programme in Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Trichy, Pudukkottai, Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Salem, Dharmapuri and Dindigul districts during 2006-07 are as follows:
Programme for 2006-07 Sl.No
Component Physical in hectares
Financial Rs. in lakhs
1 Construction of Field Channels
35,120 2223.36
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2 Construction of Field drains
40,000 1205.00
3 Rotational Water Supply
44,540 133.62
4 Participatory Irrigation Management
Farmers’ associations at sluice level, farmers’ council at distributory level and farmers’ federation at project level are formed to ensure farmer’s participation in the Command Area Development programme.
5 Functional Grant
Financial assistance is provided in the form of one time functional grant to registered Farmers’ Councils at Rs.540.00 per ha. which is shared equally by the Central and the State Governments. To avail this functional grant farmers have to contribute Rs.60.00 per ha.
3.2. Micro Irrigation
The Agricultural Engineering Department is engaged in popularising Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation systems in all the districts except Chennai, since 1985 - 86 with an aim to reduce the stress on well irrigation and to ensure judicious and economic use of available well water. During 2006-07, it is proposed to implement the scheme with financial assistance from Government of India. Under this programme, subsidy assistance will be available to the farmers growing all horticultural crops like fruit, vegetables including potato, onion and other root and tuber crops, spices, medicinal & aromatic plants, all plantation crops except tea, coffee, rubber and oil palm as per the guidelines of Government of India. Besides the Centrally sponsored scheme, NABARD have agreed to provide Rs.38.76 crores as loan under RIDF for propagating Drip Irrigation.
3.3. Minor Irrigation Under this scheme, the services of Resistivity meters and Electrical loggers are provided to farmers for locating well sites and aquifers. Drilling Rigs, Mini Drills, Hand Boring Sets, Rock Blasting Units and Long Hole Equipment are also provided to farmers on hire basis to take up minor irrigation activities. The Department maintains a fleet of minor irrigation machinery of different types. The programme will be continued during 2006-2007 to provide 2000 tube wells in areas where there is groundwater potential. Agricultural Engineering Department will continue its efforts of facilitating ground water recharge through rain water harvesting. New techniques such as injection wells, recharge shafts also would be tried.
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4. Agricultural Mechanisation 4.1. Popularisation of Agricultural Machinery (Centrally sponsored scheme shared between State and Centre) The Agricultural Mechanisation programme is being implemented in the State with an aim of popularising the Agricultural machinery among the farmers. Under this programme, assistance is provided to farmers for procuring farm equipments so as to supplement the available farm power, to reduce the drudgery of agricultural labourers, to ensure timeliness in carrying out various farm operations and to increase agricultural production. Under this scheme, 25% of the cost of Machinery or Rs.30,000/- whichever is less is provided to the farmers as subsidy to procure agricultural machinery and equipments like Power Tillers, Tractors, Transplanter, Harvester, Reapers, etc. as per, the norms of Government of India. During 2006-07, it is programmed to implement the scheme and to provide subsidy assistance to the tune of Rs.450.00 lakhs.
4.2 .Machinery support to farmers In this department 95 Nos. of Bulldozers, 125 Tractors and 4 Nos. of Combined harvesters are available for hiring out to the needy farmers. This scheme is implemented in all the districts of Tamil Nadu. Agricultural Engineering Department hires out machinery to all the farmers as per Government approved hire charges and execute works. It is proposed to continue the programme during 2006-07. Agricultural Engineering Department will render necessary support services in reclamation of waste lands to make them fit for cultivation. 4.3. Demonstration of newly developed agricultural equipments and machinery (Centrally sponsored Scheme) With a view to popularise improved Agricultural Machinery among the farming community, demonstration of newly developed agricultural equipments and machinery is taken up in the farmer’s fields. It is proposed to conduct 611 demonstrations at a cost of Rs.68.01 lakhs during 2006-07.
4.4. Central Sector Scheme of training farmers in using Agricultural machinery In order to stream line the process of Farm Mechanization to increase productivity, production income of the farmers and at the same time to conserve the inputs for crop production, it is considered necessary that the various levels of manpower engaged in the area of Agricultural Mechanisation is imparted training and also exposed to refresher trainings for new technology components. Accordingly, the department has conducted 128 nos. of training programmes to farmers in the field of Agricultural mechanisation at a cost of Rs.31.68 lakhs during 2005-06. During 2006-07, it is proposed to conduct 438 training programmes at a cost of Rs.109.50 lakhs.
5. Special Programmes 5.1 Scheme for Reclamation of Alkali soils
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(Centrally sponsored scheme shared between State and Centre)
With a view to improve the productivity of the alkaline lands, alkali soil reclamation measures are taken up. This scheme is being implemented with the financial assistance from both the Centre and State on 90:10 basis. Under this scheme, Horticulture Plantation and Fuel Wood / Fodder Plantation are being taken up in alkaline lands. During 2006-07, it is programmed to implement the scheme to reclaim 502 hectares of alkali soil area with an outlay of Rs.10.00 lakhs.
5.2 Scheme for Replacing old pumpsets with new pumpsets The energy efficiency in farm sector pump sets is poor as the farmers are using higher capacity pump sets than the required level or using old pump sets. They have poor discharge compared to their horsepower. The improper installation of switchboards, earth and allied accessories also increases power consumption. It was therefore proposed to replace the old inefficient electrical pump sets with an aim of saving electricity. Under this programme, subsidy assistance is provided to farmers for replacing their old pump sets and renewal of electrical accessories as mentioned below:
1) For replacing old pump sets below 5 HP -Rs.2500/- or 25% of the cost of the new pump set which ever is less 2) For replacing old pump sets with 5 HP and above – Rs.5000/- or 25% of the cost of the new pump set which ever is less 3) For renewal of electrical accessories – Rs.1500/- or 50% of the cost of the installation which ever is less.
It is proposed to continue the scheme and to provide Rs.10.00 crores as subsidy for benefiting 18000 farmers during 2006-07. 6. Geographical Information System Cells
Mapping of data is essential for proper watershed planning. The assistance of Geographical Information System is very much needed right from the level of data illustration to manoeuvring mapped data, processing for generating final maps as per the requirements, etc. Remote Sensing Techniques can be used in watershed development projects in selection of watersheds through prioritization of natural resource information and integrating these through Geographical Information System for arriving at specific recommendation for sustainable development and for monitoring and evaluation of watershed projects. Geographical Information System cells have been created in 16 districts so far. During 2006-07 also, the cells will be created in nine districts viz. Kanchipuram, Thiruvallur, Tiruvannamalai, Villupuram, Perambalur, Karur, Namakkal, Pudukottai and Ramanathapuram districts and equipped. The Geographical Information System cells are expected to provide support to micro level planning.
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CHAPTER V
WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT
Tamil Nadu Watershed Development Agency (TAWDEVA)
1. Participatory Approach Comprehensive Wasteland Programme The Participatory Approach Comprehensive Wasteland Programme was announced in the year 2001-02 as a State Scheme to reclaim 20 lakh Hectares of wastelands over a period of 5 years and identification of Micro watersheds was taken up during the year.
The Programme has been implemented in 10 districts in 2002-03 and now it is being implemented in 24 districts except Kanyakumari, Nilgiris, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam and Chennai. For the development of wastelands, farmers are provided with a subsidy of Rs.8,500/- per Ha. and during this financial year, it is proposed to implement this scheme in an extent of 80,000 Ha. of wastelands (Farmers’ patta lands) at a cost of Rs.81.60 crores. Cost norms for planting activities and proposed target are as follows:
Sl. No. Details
Farmers contribution
per ha (in Rs.)
Subsidy per ha (in Rs.)
1) Bore-well with Hand pump -- 2,000 2) Ploughing by disc 200 1,000 3) Planting materials (Seedlings) -- 1,200 4) Jungle clearance and land
preparation work
500 --
Sl. No. Details
Farmers contribution
per ha (in Rs.)
Subsidy per ha (in Rs.)
5) Pitting and planting charges 600 --
6) Manuring, initial watering and other cultural operations 500 300
7) Bio fertilizer -- 800
8)
Incentive for maintenance (essentially watering) I Year (100%) II Year (50%)
-- 900
1800 900
9) II Year tiller ploughing 50 350 10) Casuality replantation 100 150
11) Vegetative fencing and watch and ward 800 --
Total 3650 8500
Grand Total 12,150
Target proposed
Sl.No. Name of the District Tentative target 2006-07 1 Coimbatore 3000 2 Cuddalore 3000 3 Dharmapuri 5000 4 Dindigul 3500
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5 Erode 3500 6 Kancheepuram 3000 7 Karur 3000 8 Krishnagiri 3000 9 Madurai 2000 10 Namakkal 2500 11 Perambalur 4000 12 Pudukottai 3500
Sl.No. Name of the District Tentative target 2006-07 13 Ramanathapuram 2500 14 Salem 5000 15 Sivagangai 2000 16 Theni 2000 17 Thoothukudi 5000 18 Tiruchirappalli 2500 19 Tirunelveli 5000 20 Tiruvallur 2000 21 Tiruvannamalai 4000 22 Vellore 4000 23 Villupuram 3500 24 Viruthunagar 3500
TOTAL 80,000
2. Wasteland Development Programme The Government have decided to provide 2 acres of wasteland free of cost to the
landless agricultural families and agricultural labourers. For this purpose, the Government Poramboke lands and uncultivated patta wastelands will be reclaimed and given under the scheme.
The Commissioner of Land Administration is taking action to identify the wastelands in all the districts of Tamil Nadu. Further the details of cost of reclamation of the wastelands to convert them as cultivable lands are also being worked out.
The identified lands will be reclaimed and given to landless agricultural families and agricultural labourers at the rate of 2 acres per family and besides this, suitable cultivation technologies and financial assistance will be provided to them.
3. National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) Restructured NWDPRA for X plan is a five year project starting from 2002-2003
to 2006-07 . The approved pattern of assistance for the scheme is in the ratio of 90:10 for the Centre and State respectively. The scheme is implemented in 755 watershed areas having less than 30% assured means of irrigation in arable lands and having slopes less than 8%. The minimum area for an watershed is 500 Ha. The unit cost per Ha is Rs. 4500/-. A sum of Rs.22.50 lakhs is allotted to every watershed in a period of 5 years.
Objectives: Conservation, development and sustainable management of natural resources
including their use.
Enhancement of Agricultural productivity and production in a sustainable manner.
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Restoration of ecological balance in the degraded and fragile rain fed eco-systems by greening these areas through appropriate mix of trees, shrubs and grasses.
Reduction in regional disparity between irrigated and rainfed areas.
Creation of sustained employment opportunities for the rural community including the landless.
Area of implementation
NWDPRA is implemented in 23 districts of Tamil Nadu except Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Nilgiris, Chennai, Kanyakumari and Krishnagiri districts. The scheme is implemented under the Chairmanship of the Collectors through DWDA at District level and through Watershed committees / Associations at Village level.
Progress in the Implementation
The physical and financial achievements made so far under NWDPRA is given below:
Year Financial Rs. in lakh Physical (in Ha.)
Target Achievement as on
30.6.06
Target Achievementas on
30.6.06
2002-03 1407.067 1344.658 31268 29881 2003-04 1525.000 1501.265 33888 33361 2004-05 2089.063 1963.849 46424 43641 2005-06 1990.160 637.328 44227 14163 Total 7011.290 5447.100 155807 121046
Action plan for 2006-07
This scheme is continued in the year 2006-07 at a cost of Rs.37.39 crores to saturate an area of 83,082 Ha.
4. Watershed Development Fund assisted by NABARD Watershed Development Fund scheme is implemented for a period of 6 years from 2004-05. 100 watershed projects are proposed to be implemented at a cost of Rs.60 cores.
Objective of the scheme: 1. To spread the message of participatory Watershed Development Fund.
2. Involvement of Government, NGOs/Voluntary organization in implementation. Involvement of Watershed Association & Watershed Committee to develop the watershed based on the local needs.
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Components of Watershed Development Fund: 1. 1/3rd of WDF is grant component
2. 2/3rd of WDF is Loan to State Government
3. Interest rate is 4.5%
4. Repayment period 9 years (3 years after availing Loan)
Area of Implementation: This programme is implemented in 23 Districts except Chennai, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Kanyakumari, Nagapattinam, Nilgiris and Erode. Project period: 1. CBP - 18 months.
(50 to 100 Ha. will be covered)
2. Preparation of feasibility study report - 6 months.
3. Full implementation Phase - 4 years
Total period - 6 years.
Standard percentage of fund allocated for different component:
Unit cost norm per Ha. - Rs.6,000.00
Physical treatment - 70% - Rs.4,200.00
Administrative overheads - 10% - Rs. 600.00
Livelihood support for Landless Women - 7.5% - Rs. 450.00
Community Organisation & Training programme - 12.5%-Rs. 750.00
Progress in the implementation:
During the year 2004-05, 59 watershed projects are implemented. 5 watersheds are in Pre CBP stage, 36 are in CBP/FSR stage and 18 are in FIP. Out of the 18 projects in FIP 11 are Loan projects and 7 are Grant projects. TAWDEVA has released loan amount of Rs.115.487 lakhs for 9 projects. An area of 6107 ha. has been treated out of the proposed 22,023 ha. to be treated in 13 Districts through 31 NGO’s.
During the year 2005-06, 68 watershed projects have been approved by State Steering Committee (SSC) and NABARD has issued sanction Letter for 53 watersheds. It is proposed to treat 74,800 ha. In 6 years in 14 Districts through 37 NGOs.
Action Plan 2006-07 This scheme is being continued in the year 2006-07.
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5. Drought Prone Areas Programme Major part of Tamil Nadu falls under semi-arid agro tropical climatic zone with erratic rainfall. This programme has been in implementation in parts of Tamil Nadu from 1972-73. Presently 80 notified blocks of 17 districts viz., Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Karur, Krishnagiri, Namakkal, Perambalur, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Sivagangai, Tiruvannamalai, Thoothukudi, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Vellore and Virudhunagar have been identified by the Government of India as drought prone areas and efforts are on to mitigate the adverse effects of drought conditions.
Over the years, the objectives of the programme and the mode of implementation have undergone modifications from infrastructure creation and employment generation to rainwater harvesting and overall economic development through water-based activities. On the operational side, implementation has shifted from line departments to Village Panchayats wherein the user groups have identified the works and execute the works through Village Panchayats. Watershed approach with peoples’ participation is given importance to tackle the problems of desertification. The Government of India and State Government share the expenditure for a watershed project with 500 hectares in the ratio of 75:25. The duration of the project is five years and the unit cost for a hectare is Rs.6000/-. The cost of the works undertaken under this programme are entirely met from project fund. However contributions are collected from beneficiaries at 10%. In respect of SC/ST, the contribution amount is 5% of the value the work.
The works is being taken up under the Drought Prone Areas Programmes are of a special nature and involve a variety of activities such as:-
Land Development: Land Leveling, Contour Bunding, Silt Application, Stone Bunding, Retaining Wall, Summer Ploughing, Vegetative Bunding and Continuous trenching.
Water Resources Development: Cattle Pond, Farm Pond, Formation of Oorani, Desilting of
Tanks, Formation of Supply Channel and desilting, Check Dams, Percolation Pond and Development of Drinking Water Resources.
Plantation Activities: Agro Forestry, Horticulture Plantation, Fodder
Development, Crop Demonstration, Community Nursery, Social Forestry and Homestead Garden.
The present strategy of the Government of India is to accord sanction for new
watershed projects in batches. So far watershed projects totaling 1414 were sanctioned to Tamil Nadu at a total cost of Rs.35410.25 lakhs. Of them, watershed projects numbering 297 were completed at a cost of Rs.5920.25 lakhs, treating a total area of 1,48,911 hectares. The remaining 1117 watershed projects at a total project cost of Rs.29,490 lakhs treating a total area of 562598 hectares are under implementation.
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Drought Prone Areas Programme
(Rupees in Lakhs)
Total Allocation
Funds released
(upto June 2006)
Bat
ch
and
Dur
atio
n
Sha
ring
Pat
tern
No.
of W
ater
-she
ds
Pro
ject
Are
a
GOI GOTN TOTAL GOI GOTN
TOTAL
Exp
endi
ture
(upt
o Ju
ne 2
006)
Are
a Tr
eate
d (u
pto
June
200
6)
(Hec
t)
IV BATCH (1998-99 to 2002-03) *
50:50 103 52456 1030.00 1030.00 2060.00 940.90 940.68 1881.58
1865.16
(99%)
47959
V BATCH (1999-2000 to 2003-04) **
75:25 299 150772 4485.00 1495.00 5980.00 4170.32 1389.77 5560.09
5513.25
(99%)
136531
VII BATCH (2001-02 to 2005-06)
75:25 61 30500 1372.50 457.50 1830.00 833.50 235.61 1069.11
924.59
(86%)
16180
VIII BATCH (2002-03 to 2006-07)
75:25 144 73457 3240.00 1080.00 4320.00 1686.00 525.95 2211.95
2043.91
(92%)
35826
IX BATCH (2003-04 to 2007-08)
75:25 160 80413 3600.00 1200.00 4800.00 1565.95 508.46 2074.41
1928.89
(93%)
33381
X BATCH(2004-05to 2008-
09)
75:25 160 80000 3600.00 1200.00 4800.00 728.88 242.96 971.84 862.88
(89%)
13988
XI BATCH (2005-06 to 2009-10)
75:25 190 95000 4275.00 1425.00 5700.00 641.28 213.75 855.03 489.11
(57%)
4504
TOTAL 1117 56259821602.50 7887.50 29490.00 10566.83 4057.18 14624.01
13627.79
(93%)
288369
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* Extended upto 31st March 2005.
** Extended upto 31st March 2006.
6. Integrated Wasteland Development Programme
Integrated Wasteland Development Programme aims at tackling the non-forest wasteland in non-DPAP blocks. The basic theme of the programme is to harvest the rainwater and to bring the degraded lands into productive use. Unlike DPAP programme, flexibility is given to tackle the non-forest wastelands on a project based approach. At present, this programme is being implemented in 89 blocks of 24 districts viz., Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Karur, Krishnagiri, Namakkal, Perambalur, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Sivagangai, Tiruvannamalai, Thoothukudi, Tiruchirappalli, Tirunelveli, Vellore, Erode, Theni, Madurai, Kancheepuram, Villupuram, Tiruvallur, Cuddalore and Virudhunagar.
This programme has been under implementation since 1993-94. From 1st April 1995, the programme has also been brought under the purview of the Common Guidelines like Drought Prone Area Programme, presently it is governed by Hariyali Guidelines. As per Hariyali Guidelines the User Groups have identified the works and execute the works through village panchayat. The duration of the project is five years. The unit cost for a hectare is Rs.6000/-. The cost of the works undertaken under this programme are entirely met from project fund. However contributions are collected from beneficiaries at 10%. In respect of SC/ST, the contribution amount is 5% of the value of the work. Presently, the expenditure is shared between Central and State Government in the ratio of 11:1.
The works is being taken up under the Integrated Wasteland Development Programme are of a special nature and involve a variety of activities such as:-
Land Development: Land Leveling, Contour Bunding, Silt Application, Stone Bunding, Retaining Wall, Summer Ploughing, Vegetative Bunding and Continuous trenching.
Water Resources Development: Cattle Pond, Farm Pond, Formation of Oorani, Desilting of
Tanks, Formation of Supply Channel and Desilting, Check Dams, Percolation Pondand Development of Drinking Water Resources.
Plantation Activities: Agro Forestry, Horticulture Plantation, Fodder
Development, Crop Demonstration, Community Nursery, Social Forestry and Home Stead Garden.
Since the inception of the programme 75 projects have been sanctioned in 24 districts at a cost of Rs.24262.90 lakhs to tackle a total degraded land of 425017 hectares. Of these, 5 projects have since been completed. The area treated was 18151 hectares at a cost of Rs.1086.39 lakhs.
During 2006-07, the Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development have prioritized the 9 districts viz., Krishnagiri, Madurai, Dindigul, Thiruvannamalai, Tiruchirappalli, Villupuram, Namakkal, Kancheepuram and Karur for sanction of new IWDP projects to treat a total area of 50730 hectares. The scheme is being implemented with financial assistance of Government of India.
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CHAPTER VI AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
1. Introduction The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) has been constantly orienting its
activities of agricultural research, education and extension towards the goal of sustained increase in agricultural growth in the State through holistic development of vital resources potentials of the State. New research programmes for developing wastelands and drylands through micro-watershed approach and other soil and water conservation techniques will be initiated. New crop varieties and agronomic practices which are suitable for drylands and wastelands will be evolved so as to increase the productive potential of these under-utilized lands. Research on biofuel crops will be given renewed focus. Policy research will be strengthened to highlight the favourable impacts of the policies of the new government like redistribution of land to poor families, waiver of cooperative loans and provision of new crop insurance to the farmers. Further research is also being taken up to augment agricultural marketing. The specific research, education and extension activities to achieve these objectives are outlined in the following sections.
2. Research The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is taking up research on all major agricultural
problems in the State of Tamil Nadu. The University has undertaken 3000 research sub-projects and 507 research projects in its 10 teaching colleges, 33 research stations, 14 transfer of technology centers and 5 plant clinic centres (Annexure I). These research projects are undertaken with the funds provided by the State and Central Governments and Foreign and Private Agencies. Research activities are being taken up in all the seven agro climatic zones of Tamil Nadu in order to find solutions to the problems faced by the farmers in their farm business activities.
On-going research and future programmes During the year 2006-07, the research works will be taken up on the following lines.
• Research on new crop varieties and their agronomic practices for increasing the productivity in drylands and wastelands.
In addition to the already released varieties, RMD(R) 1 rice, CO (Samai) 4,
TMV (Gn) 13 groundnut, K(C)3 cotton, COC(Sc) 23 sugarcane will be released this year. Further, VG 9816 bunch type groundnut and VG 9902 semi spreading groundnut cultures suited for dry lands are in pipe line.
• Evolving cashew varieties suitable for dry lands and wastelands.
Since the VRI 3 cashew variety is suited for dry lands, demonstrations will be conducted in the dry land areas. Further, H 10 cashew hybrid culture suited for dry lands and VSK 2 culture possessing drought resistance suited for export market are also available. These cultures will be released in the next year.
• Upgrading the existing Department of Biotechnology to a National Institute of
Excellence.
Scheme proposal has been sent to the Department of Bio Technology, New Delhi. Through bio technological research, transgenic new Bt brinjal variety will be
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released. Virus diseases in tapioca are serious problem. Therefore biotechnological research on developing virus resistant tapioca variety has been initiated recently.
• Evolving new varieties of bio-fuel crops so as to increase their economic viability and
to explore ways of alternate energy sources in future:
A Centre of Excellence on Bio-fuels is being set up in the current year and located in the main campus of the university to strengthen research on bio fuel crops with the budget provision of Rs.149 lakhs by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Government of India.
• Research on increasing the productivity of sugarcane crop and evolving new
sugarcane varieties. To increase the productivity of sugarcane, technologies like drip fertigation, pit
method of planting, paired row planting, planting with single budded setts are being demonstrated in the farmers’ fields in the districts of Coimbatore, Cuddalore and Tiruvarur with the budget provision of Rs.108 lakhs under Centrally sponsored Macro Management Mode Work Plan Scheme on “Sustainable Sugarcane Based Cropping System”. These proven technologies will be upscaled to other sugarcane districts also.
• Controlling Eriyophid mite in coconut for prevention of yield loss.
The research output on chemical, plant products based and bio-control agents to control the Eriyophid mite has been only a partial success. Therefore, to study the basic biology, ecology and management strategies of this pest, a scheme proposal has been submitted to ICAR under National Agriculture Innovative Project to the tune of Rs.60 lakhs. Teams with specialists in various locations of coconut growing areas of Tamil Nadu have been formed to make advisory services for the management of other coconut pests like slug caterpillar, black headed caterpillar, red palm weevil and Rhinocerous beetle and diseases like Kerala wilt and Phytoplasma.
• Appropriate production and post-production technologies to increase production and
export of processed food products are being evolved. A pilot food processing unit has been established in TNAU campus with the support from McGill University, Canada at an outlay of Rs.225 lakhs. The facilities available in this unit is being utilised by the new and small scale entrepreneurs, progressive farmers and research scholars. Research for developing new processed food is also being undertaken using this facility.
• Development of rice hybrids with acceptable grain quality and built in resistance for
pests and diseases.
So far, TNAU has released rice hybrids such as ADTR(H) 1, COR(H) 1 and COR(H) 2. To suit the consumer preferences, a new rice hybrid COR(H) 3 will be released this year. The seed production in hybrids is a difficult proposition and highly labour intensive and hence it is proposed to entrust the seed production to the private sector, leading farmer-seed producers besides the public sector units. Research is also on to release better rice hybrids than the rice hybrids available in China in the next two years.
• Development of cotton hybrids with resistance to boll worm and sucking pests.
At present, the TNAU has isolated Cry1 and Cry2ab Bt gene to incorporate in cotton variety. Soon gene transformation work will be taken up to evolve Bt cotton varieties.
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• Sunflower hybrids with high oil content and with resistance to sunflower bud necrosis virus disease.
This year CO (SF)H5 sunflower hybrid will be released.
• Development of hybrids on various vegetable crops with superior consumer preference and quality.
This year a tomato hybrid COLCRH 3 will be released during August 2006. This is the first of its kind in India with resistance to leaf curl virus disease.
• A high yielding hybrid Jatropa will be released by the TNAU during 2007 to augment
the bio-fuel production.
This is the first of its kind in the entire world. At present, research is lso being carried out on sugarbeet and sweetsorghum for ethanol production. Besides these crops, the methodology for extraction of ethanol from maize, sweet potato, sorghum, and small millets is also available. The TNAU will be happy to extend this methodology to the needy entrepreneurs. The University has also developed machine for producing bio-diesel. So far, two entrepreneurs have availed this technology and established two factories, one in Coimbatore and another in Chennai. One such unit is also designed to supply to the Rashtrapathi Bhavan, New Delhi.
• Methods for feeding chemical fertilizers, bio- fertilizers, Pseudomonas fluorescence
through drip system has been evolved in coconut, sugarcane, banana and vegetable crops. Similar research is also being carried out this year for cotton and maize.
• Socio-economic research is being started to assess the welfare of Farmers’ Markets
in the State and strategies to strengthen them.
3. Education Agricultural education in the University is being constantly upgraded to incorporate
the recent developments in agricultural sciences to produce world class students so as to cope up with the global competition. During the academic year 2006-2007, B.Tech (Bioinformatics), P.G. Diploma in Organic Farming and Capital and Commodity markets have also been planned.
In order to inculcate the practical know-how, talents, self confidence among graduates, commercial agricultural courses like mushroom cultivation, nursery technology, poultry production, dairying, production of bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers, bee keeping, urban entomology and tissue culture are offered. In these courses, besides technologies, management aspects are incorporated to make the graduates as entrepreneurs.
In Master’s degree programme, research emphasis is given to solve the farmers’ field problems. Students conduct research at international standards in collaboration with advanced research institutes all over the world. Opportunities are given to Ph.D students to do their studies in Private sector research facilities and International institutes as part of their education. At present, two students in M/s. Jain Irrigation Systems in Jalgoan, Maharastra state, six students in International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad are doing research work. This collaborative educational exchange programme will pave way for better employment opportunities.
Agriculture is an important profession for our country. The importance of agricultural can not be undermined. Therefore, this government during the year 1998-99 implemented a policy and introduced the agriculture course in high schools. Based on that, agricultural
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technology related syllabi were introduced from 6th standard to 12th standard. For this purpose, 100 agricultural graduates have been posted in the schools. Agriculture related aspects and recent agricultural technologies are based on biological and physical sciences. Hence, this government will take efforts to introduce agriculture as a subject in high schools.
4. Policy Interfacing
TNAU keeps on assessing the crop situations, rainfall, pace and pattern of agricultural growth in the State. Based on these assessments, several agricultural development policy proposals have been developed and presented to the Government. In recent times, the University has assisted the state government on policy matters pertaining to contract farming, revamping of agricultural markets, rainfed agricultural development and overall agricultural development of the State.
5. Extension The Directorate of Extension Education of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is
concentrating on expeditious transfer of the latest technologies, and information on crop and farm implements emanating from various research programmes of TNAU to the farming community. To strengthen the transfer of technology, this year six Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) were established in Ramanathapuram, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Thiruvallur, Vellore and Virudhunagar districts. Totally 14 KVKs are effectively functioning with the financial assistance from ICAR.
Through these KVKs, efforts are being made to disseminate knowledge and technologies on micro irrigation, precision farming, system of rice intensification(SRI), vermi-composting, organic manure production, nitrogen scheduling in rice through leaf colour chart. Further, 1218 field demonstrations in farmers holdings on various technologies and 493 demonstrations on latest technologies on pulses, oil seeds and maize are being laid out during the current year.
The Domestic and Export Market Intelligence Cell (DEMIC) is functioning in the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The activities of the cell will be strengthened to provide the required information to the farmers for marketing their products to fetch higher prices and to make better marketing decisions. 6. Distance Education
Currently, six month certificate courses on mushroom production, cultivation of medicinal plants and commercial floriculture are being offered under the Open and Distance Learning programme of the University. During the current academic year (2006-07), a new M.Tech. degree course in Bio-informatics is to be started under the distance education programme.
7. Employment Opportunities for TNAU Graduates The Directorate of Students Welfare has been strengthened to a greater extent in
order to facilitate better employment opportunities in public and private organisations and also to study in foreign countries. Employment information related library, computers, rooms to conduct interviews, audio video system and facility for conducting interviews through telephone have been developed in the Directorate. This centre facilitated to get employment for about 820 graduates and also developed 25 agriculture related entrepreneurs during the past 23 months. This centre has provided counseling for 32 students to have higher education in other countries and also helped to get employment in foreign countries.
8. Trainings
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Training on modern agriculture has been a continuous process. During the current year, emphasis is being given to the following aspects:
Integrated farming systems
Rain water harvest and dryland agricultural development
Value addition for farm produces at village level
Post harvest technology
Developing leadership quality among farm women
Training farmers as well as other rural people on the development of drainage system in rural areas.
Annexure – I 1. Colleges
1. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore- 641 003 2. Horticultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore – 641 003 3. Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute,
Coimbatore – 641 003 4. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104 5. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam - 628 252 6. Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam – 625 604 7. Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute,
Tiruchirappalli – 620 009 8. Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam – 641 301 9. Home Science College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104 10. Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute,
Kumulur – 621 712 Affiliated Colleges
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal – 609 603
Adhiparasakthi Agriculture College, Kalavai – 632 506
2. Research Stations 1. Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar – 628 501
2. Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti – 627 701
3. Agricultural Research Station, Vaigai Dam - 625 512
4. Agricultural Research Station, Paramakudi - 623 707
5. Agricultural Research Station, Tirupathisaram - 629 901
6. Rice Research Station, Tirur – 602 025
7. Rice Research Station , Ambasamudram – 627 401
8. Coastal Saline Research Institute, Ramanathapuram – 623 501
9. TNAU Research Centre, Sandhiyur – 636 203
10. Regional Research Station, Kovilankulam, Aruppukottai – 626 107
11. Agricultural Research Station, Virinjipuram – 632 104
12. Agricultural Research Station, Pattukottai - 614 602
13. Hybrid Rice Research Centre, Gudalur - 643212
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14. Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam - 602 002
15. Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore - 607 001
16. Sugarcane Research Station, Sirugamani - 639 115
17. Sugarcane Research Station, Melalathur - 635 806
18. Soil and Water Management Research Institute, Thanjavur – 613 501
19. Coconut Research Station, Veppankulam - 614 906
20. Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar – 642 101
21. Cotton Research Station, Srivilliputhur – 626 125
22. Regional Research Station, Paiyur – 635 112
23. Regional Research Station, Virudhachalam - 606 001
24. National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban - 622 303
25. Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612 101
26. Tapioca and Castor Research Institute, Yethapur- 636 117
27. Horticultural Research Station, Pechiparai - 629 161
28. Horticultural Research Station, Thadiyankudi - 624 602
29. Horticultural Research Station, Yercaud - 636 602
30. Horticultural Research Station, Udhagamandalam - 643 001
31. Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal - 624 103
32. Vegetable Research Station, Palur - 607 113
33. Urban Horticulture Development Centre, Chennai - 600 040
3. Transfer of Technology Centres (Krishi Vigyan Kendras)
1. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore – 641 003
2. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104
3. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Regional Research Station, Vridhachalam – 606 001
4. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sugarcane Research Station, Sirugamani – 639 115
5. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, TNAU Research Centre, Sandhiyur – 636 203
6. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam – 604 002
7. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Regional Research Station, Kovilangulam, Aruppukkottai – 626 107
8. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agricultural Research Station, Virinjipuram – 632 104, Vellore District
9. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Horticultural Research Station, Pechipparai – 629 161, Kanyakumari District
10. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Coastal Salinity Research Station, Collectorate Complex, Ramanathapuram – 623 503
11. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, National Pulses Research Centre, Vamban Colony, Pudukkottai District – 622 303
12. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sikkal – 611 108, Nagapattinam District
13. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Needamangalam – 614 404, Tiruvarur District
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14. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rice Research Station, Tirur – 602 025, Tiruvallur District
4. Plant Clinic Centres
1. Plant Clinic Centre, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam – 628 252
2. Plant Clinic Centre, Cotton Research Station, Srivilliputhur – 626 125
3. Plant Clinic Centre, Rice Research Station, Ambasamudram – 627 401
4. Plant Clinic Centre, Agricultural Research Station, Paiyur – 635 112
5. Plant Clinic Centre, Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar– 628 501
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CHAPTER VII
SEED CERTIFICATION
1. Introduction
Seed is the basic input for increasing agricultural productivity. It contains in itself the blue print for the agrarian prosperity in incipient form. To protect the farming community, a strong seed certification programme and a quality control mechanism are a must. Making available adequate quantity of quality seeds to the farmer at the right time is essential for increasing agricultural production. In order to achieve this, the Department of Seed Certification is implementing Seed Certification, Seed Quality Control, Seed Testing and Training schemes.
2. Seed Certification
Seed certification is done to encourage the production of adequate quantities of genetically pure and good quality seeds, particularly of high yielding improved varieties and hybrids of different crops. In order to achieve this, the Seed Certification Department carries out the certification work in various seeds notified under Indian Seeds Act, 1966 and in accordance with the provisions of the Seed Rules 1968 to maintain the quality of the seeds produced in the state. In the last of Tenth Five Year Plan i.e. during 2006-07 it is proposed to certify a quantity of 50.500 metric tones. About 15 percent of the total seed requirement is covered with certified seeds. In addition, about ten percent of the seed requirement is met with truthful labeled seeds. The past experience has shown that an increase in the production of certified seeds by private sector was very much useful in increasing the total certified seed production. Hence, the private sector seed production needs to be promoted further, in order to fill up the gap between availability and requirement of quality seeds.
3. Seed Quality Control
With ever increasing demand for seed, the basic input of agriculture, seed trade has to be constantly monitored by inspecting the seed dealer points periodically, and having a constant vigil on the marketing of seeds by taking seed samples in the seed lots distributed to the farming community. This is more valid in the current scenario where the private sector is playing a considerable role in the production and distribution of seeds. The seed samples drawn are analysed in the notified Seed Testing Laboratories. Based on the results legal action or departmental action is being initiated against the defaulters. In accordance with the provisions of Seeds Act 1966, Seed Rules 1968 and Seeds (Control) Order 1983, the seed quality control wing of this department is regulating the quality of seeds sold. Besides this, the seed quality control wing is issuing the licenses for Seed dealers under Seed (Control) Order 1983.
6286 licensed seed selling points are available at present in the state. Each seed selling point shall be inspected on an average 4 to 5 times per annum, there by 31,200 numbers of total inspections shall be carried out and from 6286 licensed seed selling points a total number of 23,000 seed samples will be drawn for quality cheek during the financial year 2006-07.
4. Seed Testing
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Seed testing plays a pivotal role in modern agriculture. It is being carried out to analyse the factors like germination, physical purity, moisture, seed health and admixture of other distinguishable varieties. Seed testing is carried out in the notified seed testing laboratories. The Seed testing results are very important for the successful implementation of seed certification programs and seed law enforcement programs. Certified seed samples, Official seed samples from quality control wing and the Service samples sent by the farmers, seed dealers and seed producers are tested in the laboratories. To determine the genetic purity of a given seed lot, the grow out test is conducted at Kannampalayam (Coimbatore) farm and at the glass house attached to the Directorate of Seed certification. This test is conducted for the certification of parental, hybrid and foundation class cotton seeds, castor hybrids and also for the samples received from the Seed Inspection wing. During 2006-07 it is proposed to test 70,000 seed samples.
5. Training
To promote quality seed production and distribution the following training programmes are organized by the Training Wing of this department.
Orientation Training is given to the newly recruited Technical Officers of this Department on Seed Certification procedures, field inspections, identification of crop varieties, processing, sampling, tagging, procedures involved in seed testing and seed quality control.
Refresher Training is given to the technical officers already positioned of this department are trained on the latest techniques on seed production and on identification of newly released varieties. The training is given to Seed Producers, Small and Marginal Farmers on the seed production Technology. The training includes seed growers who are mostly small and marginal farmers.
Quality control Training is given to the seed dealers on quality maintenance in storage, selling of seeds and on the regulatory aspects of seed legislation.
During the financial year 2006-07 it is proposed to train 29,000 persons. Central sector scheme An amount of Rs. 215.48 lakhs have been requested from Government of India for upgrading the existing 7 Nos. of Seed Testing Laboratories functioning in the Department of Seed Certification and for imparting special trainings to Seed Producers and Seed Dealers.
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Table 1 Quantity Of Seeds Certified in M.T.
Sl.No. Crop 2005-06 2006-07
Target Achievement Target
1 Paddy 42400 49778 44200
2 Variety millets 550 484 500
3 Hybrid millets 10 1 10
4 Variety cotton 1000 1212 1200
5 Hybrid cotton 20 9 20
6 Pulses 1200 1158 1200
7 Oilseeds 3250 3373 3300
8 Vegetables 70 59 70
TOTAL 48500 56074 50500
Table 2
Seed Inspection
Sl.No. Details 2005-06 2006-07
Target Achievement Target
1 Seed selling points inspection 30000 33533 31200
2 Seed samples taken 20000 23002 23000
Table 3
Seed Testing
Sl.No. Details 2005-06 2006-07
Target Achievement Target
1 Samples tested 65000 55215 70000
Table 4
Seed Certification Training
Sl.No. Details 2005-06 2006-07
Target Achievement Target
1 Persons trained 28000 29450 29000
Appendix
Seed Certification Units Sl No. Location Jurisdiction (Districts)
1 Coimbatore Coimbatore, and Nilgries 2 Erode Erode 3 Salem Salem, Dharmapuri and Nammakkal 4 Trichy Trichy, Pudukkottai, Karur and Perambalur 5 Thanjavur Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Thiruvarur 6 Madurai Madurai, Theni and Dindugal, 7 Virudunagar Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga 8 Tirunelveli Tirunelveli, Thuthukudi and Kanyakumari 9 Villupuram Cuddalore and Villupuram
10 Thiruvannamalai Vellore and Thiruvannamalai 11 Chennai Kancheepuram, Chennai and Thiruvallur
Seed Inspection Units Sl No. Location Jurisdiction (Districts)
1 Coimbatore Coimbatore, and Nilgries 2 Erode Erode and Nammakkal 3 Salem Salem and Dharmapuri 4 Trichy Trichy, Pudukkottai, Karur and Perambalur
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5 Thanjavur Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Thiruvarur 6 Madurai Madurai, Theni and Dindugal, 7 Virudunagar Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram and Sivaganga 8 Tirunelveli Tirunelveli, Thuthukudi and Kanyakumari 9 Cuddalore Cuddalore and Villupuram
10 Vellore Vellore and Thiruvannamalai 11 Chennai Kancheepuram, Chennai and Thiruvallur
Seed Testing Laboratories Sl No. Location Jurisdiction (Districts)
1 Coimbatore Coimbatore, Erode and Nilgries 2 Madurai Madurai, Theni, Dindugal, Virudhunagar,
Ramanathapuram, and Sivaganga 3 Trichy Trichy, Pudukkottai, Karur, Perambalur,
Cuddalore and Villupuram 4 Dharmapuri Salem, Dharmapuri and Namakkal 5 Thanjavur Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Thiruvarur 6 Tirunelveli Tirunelveli, Thuthukudi and Kanyakumari 7 Kancheepuram Kancheepuram, Vellore, Thiruvannamalai,
Chennai and Thiruvallur
Department of Seed Certification
Performance under various schemes
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157 15
CHAPTER VIII AGRICULTURAL MARKETING AND
AGRI BUSINESS
1. Vision & Mission The Vision of the Department of Agricultural Marketing & Agri Business is to ensure fair price to the farming community who are left behind in the competitive marketing scenario and the mission of achieving this is by enforcing the existing act and rules most effectively and also by devising, implementing new technologies aimed at reducing pre and post harvest losses through appropriate methods and encourage value addition.
1.1. Introduction Marketing infrastructure plays a pivotal role in fostering and sustaining the tempo of
rural economic development. Marketing is as critical to better performance in agriculture as farming itself. According to the Royal Commission on Agriculture (XII report), Agricultural Marketing is a process, which starts with a decision to produce a saleable farm commodity and it involves all the aspects relating to pre and post-harvest operations including assembling, grading, storage, transportation and distribution. These operations add value to farm produce.
In order to create the needed infrastructure, promote institutions and also to regulate the marketing practices, Government of Tamil Nadu enacted the 'Tamil Nadu Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act 1987 and Rules 1991' replacing the earlier Act 1959.
The Department of Agricultural Marketing, which is functioning since 1977, with the main objective of Regulation of Agricultural Marketing, was renamed in the year 2001 as Department of Agricultural Marketing and Agri. Business in order to focus on other activities like Agri Export, Post Harvest Management, Food Processing, etc.
The main activities of the Department of Agricultural Marketing and Agri. Business are as follows:
1. Establishment and maintenance of Uzhavar Santhaigal for the benefit of farmers as well as consumers.
2. To create marketing opportunities for small and marginal farmers in cultivation of fruits, vegetables and flowers by formation of groups which includes production, storing and export.
3. Establishment and maintenance of regulated markets in order to facilitate buying and selling of agricultural produce for the benefit of the farming community.
4. To create awareness among the farmers about the benefits of marketing their produce through regulated markets by taking up publicity and propaganda.
5. Commercial grading of agricultural produce in the regulated markets and at farm holdings to help the producers to get remunerative price for their produce.
6. To take up Agmark grading of agricultural, animal husbandry and forestry products for the benefit of the consumers.
7. To set up Agriculture Export Zones for promoting export of agricultural produce
by increasing the area under exportable crops, providing necessary post harvest management and other infrastructure required and information on prices prevailing at international markets as an integrated approach.
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8. To set up modern cold storage facilities to enable the farmers to store and sell their produce at favourable price level (Cold chain from farm to market).
9. To promote Food Processing Industries.
1.2. Market Committees At present 21 Market committees are functioning in Tamil Nadu at district Level.
1.3. Regulated Markets There are 273 Regulated Markets, 15 Check Posts, 108 Rural Godowns and 108
Grading Centres functioning under the Market Committees.
In the newly formed Nilgiris Market Committee action is being taken to start functioning of regulated markets at Ooty, Kothagiri, Coonur and Gudalur. Action is being taken for construction of own building for Nilgiris Market Committee and four regulated markets during the current financial year.
Competitive and remunerative prices are ensured for the produce sold by the farmers through closed tender system in the Regulated Markets. Free Grading facilities for agricultural commodities are also made available in the Regulated Markets. The Market Committees are collecting 1% of the value of the produce transacted as market fee from the traders. Licence fee is also collected from the traders and weighmen. No fee is collected from producers / sellers for any service rendered in the Regulated Markets. The details of Market Committee-wise Regulated Markets and Grading Centers are given in Table-1.
1.3.1. Services Rendered in the Regulated Markets Correct weighment by using electronic weigh bridges and weighing scales, godown
facilities, immediate payment, price information, rest sheds, drinking water facility, cattle sheds, free medical aid to farmers, input shops, payment counter for easy disbursement, phone and fax facilities etc. are the facilities offered in the regulated markets. Further,
So far, under Agmarknet scheme 93 regulated markets have been provided with computer (internet connectivity) for effective price dissemination among farmers through agmarknet website. During the forthcoming years the remaining markets will be computerized.
The Market Committee-wise infrastructure facilities provided in the Regulated Markets are shown in Table- 2.
1.3.2. Notification of produce So far, 42 agricultural commodities like cereals, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, turmeric,
etc. have been notified.
1.4. Commercial Grading To help the producers to get better prices for their produce according to their grades, 96 Commercial Grading Centres, 11 Kapas Grading Centers and one Tobacco Grading Centre are functioning in the Regulated Markets. Commercial grading of agricultural produce is done in the villages also. These centers are now renamed as “Post Harvest Technology Information Centers”. The farmers are educated in adopting post harvest technologies on agricultural commodities by the technically qualified staff working in the above centers.
1.5. Pledge Loan Facilities to Farmers
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In order to avoid distress sales by the small and marginal farmers in the peak season, Regulated Markets are issuing pledge loan to farmers. Under this scheme, the farmers can store their agricultural produce in the godowns of Regulated Markets for a maximum period of 6 months and take pledge loan of 75% of the total value of the produce upto a maximum of Rs.50,000. Interest is collected at the rate on par with the nationalised banks. Likewise Pledge Loan facilities are extended to traders also with the rate of interest specified from time to time.
1.6. Tamil Nadu Farmers Development and Welfare Scheme Under this scheme, the farmers / tenants who sell their agricultural produce of one metric tonne or more through Regulated Markets every year are eligible for a grant of a lumpsum amount up to Rs.1,00,000, in case of death/ permanent disability occurring due to accident / death due to snake bite. In case the eligible farmer / tenant loses both the hands or both the legs or both the eyes due to accident he or she is eligible for a grant of Rs.75,000/-. Incase of losing one hand or one leg or one eye or permanent hip disability due to accident the farmer / tenant is eligible for a grant of Rs.50,000/-. The farmers need not pay any premium for this fund. The Market Committee concerned and the Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing Board will bear the premium amount of Rs.10 per individual per year equally.
1.7. Agmark Grading Grading under AGMARK has already become a symbol of quality. In order to help the consumer to get quality food products, one Principal Laboratory, 30 State Agmark Grading Laboratories and 15 Agricultural Officer (Marketing) Centers are functioning in the State. Agmark grading is done for centralised and de-centralised commodities by the technically qualified staff. Agmark labels are issued to the authorised packers under the direct supervision of the staff for certifying the quality and purity of the food products. Action will be taken during this year to purchase sophisticated equipments for State Agmark Grading Laboratories and Agricultural Marketing Centre, so that the packers and consumers would be benefited.
1.8. Construction of Drying Yards in the Villages In order to minimise the post harvest losses in grains, the department has taken up
construction of drying yards at village level. Under this scheme, so far 930 drying yards have been constructed at a total cost of Rs.17.24 crores. Construction of 200 drying yards at a total cost of Rs.4.00 crores for the year 2005-06 is in progress. During the year 2006-07, drying yards will be constructed in100 places at a cost of Rs. 2.25 crores.
2. Uzhavar Santhaigal UZHAVAR SANTHAIGAL (Farmers Market) for the benefit of farmers as well as the consumers have been set up in the urban areas in Tamil Nadu. This Department has opened all the 28 closed Uzhavar Santhais and rejuvenated the existing 75 Uzhavar Santhais. At present in total103 Uzhavar Santhais are functioning to ensure farmers to get a better price for their produce and to enable the consumers to get the commodities at a lesser price than in open market. Every day on average 950 M.T. of vegetables and fruits worth Rs. 1.00 Crore is being brought and sold by 6500 farmers benefiting 150000 consumers.
2.1. Services to be rendered in the Uzhavar Santhaigal Provision of electronic weighing scale, Plastic trays, trolleys, wastage bins are the facilities will be offered for the farmers in the Uzhavar Santhaigal. In addition for proper storage of fruits and vegetable cold rooms will be constructed. Operation of minivan services
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in the vegetable route to increase the arrivals from the farm gate to the Uzhavar Santhai. Computers and fax machines for effecting communication, new hybrid seeds, seedlings, drip irrigation technologies, organic farming techniques and post harvest management training to farmers will also be imparted to those farmers visiting Uzhavar Santhai. The above facilities will be created from the funds of Market Committees concerned and the Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing Board.
3. Market Complex 3.1. Paddy Market Complex
At Madurai, a market complex has been established exclusively for paddy at a total cost of Rs.12.60 crores. In this complex 314 shops have been built out of which 143 shops for paddy, 54 shops for inputs, 100 shops for flower and 17 shops for providing facilities like office, post office, telephone exchange, canteen, co-operative store have been allotted. So far 127 shops to paddy merchants and 44 shops to input merchant have been handed over. Action is underway to hand over the remaining shops. 3.2. Establishment of Turmeric Market Complex in Erode Government orders were issued to establish a Turmeric market complex exclusively for Turmeric in Nassiyanur and Villarsampatti villages near Erode at a total cost of Rs.36.32 crores. The proposed market complex which is a Public private Partnership project will cater to the marketing needs of the farmers of the State and traders of the entire country. The Turmeric Traders Association has provided 17.55 acres in the villages of Nassiyanur and Villarsampatti to the Erode Market Committee for creation of common infrastructure at a cost of Rs. 11.32 crores.
3.3. Establishment of Market Complex for Mango and Onion Two Market Complexes with cold storage facilities will be established one at Krishnagiri in Krishnagiri District for Mango and at Palladam in Coimbatore District for onion in the large interest of the small and marginal farmers at a project cost of Rs.2.00 crores each. The total cost would be Rs.4.00 crores.
3.4. Establishment of cold storage unit at Odaipatti of Theni District for grapes Action is being taken for the establishment of Cold storage unit at Odaipatti at Theni District for grapes in order to facilitate grading, packing and export of grapes so as to benefit the grape growers at a cost of Rs.3.75 crores. 3.5. Establishment of a market for paddy at Kaveripattinam
A market with drying yard and godown facilities for paddy is to be established at Kaveripattinam of Krishnagiri District to benefit the paddy growers.
3.6. Establishment of Terminal Markets As per the guidelines of the central Government, 3 Terminal Markets with all facilities
would be established near metro areas of Chennai, Madurai and Coimbatore for processing storage and marketing of perishables like fruits and vegetables.
4. Agricultural Production And Marketing Information Centre Market intelligence plays vital role in marketing agricultural produce. If the information
on commodity prices prevailing in various markets is made available, the farmers would be
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able to get better price to their produce by moving their produce to the market which pays higher. Taking this view into consideration, Agricultural Production and Marketing Information Centre has been established in 14 Regulated Markets at a cost of Rs.45.00 lakhs. These centres have computer and accessories with Internet facility and electronic display boards. Agricultural Produce arrival and price details in the regulated markets are collected and flashed in the display boards. The information in production / post harvest management are also be shown in the display boards for the benefit of farmers. 5. Agri Export Zones To promote Agricultural Exports from Tamil Nadu, four Agri Export Zones for specific commodities have been established as detailed below.
5.1. Export Zone for Cut Flowers at Hosur in Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri Districts
In Tamil Nadu, Agri Export Zone for cut flowers has been approved and Memorandum of Understanding between APEDA and State Government was singed on 20th March 2002. The Agri Export Zone for cut flowers has been established comprising Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts. In 198.73 acres of land “TANFLORA”, a joint venture company of TIDCO and private participant provides infrastructural facilities like Central Packing House comprising of sorting, grading, packaging, and marketing facilities at Hosur at a cost of Rs. 24.85 crores.
5.2. Export Zone for flowers in Nilgiris District An Agri Export Zone for flowers at Ooty covering Nilgiris district is being established
with the participation by private sector at a project cost of Rs. 15.89 crores. Infrastructure facilities like auction centre, pre-cooling, cold storage, reefer vans, Hi-tech training centre, common marketing facility, etc., would be created shortly. The department of Horticulture & Plantation Crops is conducting Hi-tech floriculture training and providing planting materials at subsidized cost, and providing subsidy for poly green house, shade nets to growers. The department also established an information centre for providing technical consultancy and other horticultural information to the growers.
5.3. Export Zone for Mangoes in Theni District
An Agri Export Zone exclusively for mango has been established in Theni and five other districts namely Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli, Dindigul and Kanniyakumari with private sector participation at a project cost of Rs.24.60 crores. Memorandum of Understanding between APEDA and State Government was singed on 6.2.2003. The private promoter M/s. Maagrita Exports Limited has established facilities like State of art pack house, collection centre, processing units, grading halls, hot-water treatment plant, electronic grading, dehydration unit, canning line, etc. at Nilakkottai Food Park.
5.4. Export Zone for Cashew in Cuddalore District During the year 2004, an Agri Export Zone for cashew at a project cost of Rs. 10.36
crores at Cuddalore district has been approved by Government of India. It will be established through private sector participation. Memorandum of Understanding between APEDA and State Government was singed on 12.04.2005. M/s Sathva Agro Export Pvt.Ltd., has been selected as the anchor promoter for cashew AEZ and Detailed Project Report has been submitted by them. The State Government on its part is proposed to spend Rs.150.00 Lakhs
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towards the creation of common infrastructure facilities like grading centre, R&D lab etc. 5.5. Agri Export Zones Proposed Export Zone for Banana in Tiruchirappalli District It is proposed to establish an Agri Export Zone exclusively for banana in Tiruchirappalli District through private sector participation at a project cost of Rs. 10.00 crores. In this zone, 5 collection centres with a capacity of 85 M.T., one godown of 500 M.T. capacity, controlled atmospheric chamber of 1000 M.T capacity, 2 grading centres with a grading capacity of 500 M.T. per day and a processing centre of 15000 M.T a day will be established with private participation. Necessary proposal has been sent through Government of Tamil Nadu to APEDA for approval.
6. Establishment of Cold Chain In Tamil Nadu 100 lakh M.T. of fruits & vegetables, 65 lakh M.T. of food grains, 3 lakh M.T. of spices and condiments, 5 lakh M.T. of plantation crops are produced. The production of these produces likely to increase by 30% in the next 5 years. Out of the total production 8-10% of food grains, 30-35% of fruits and vegetables are wasted due to non availability of proper storage/cold storage facility. Due to this farmers get 15-25% less price for their produce.
To minimize post harvest losses of agricultural produce, especially fruits and vegetables, it is proposed to set up Cold Chain through public-private participation utilising RIDF fund in 15 places. These cold chains will be established taking into consideration the proximity of the vegetable producing area, trading area, public places like community centers, agricultural extension centers etc. 7. Food Processing Industries
Food processing is gaining momentum as food processing industries ensure steady and better price to the farming community as well availability of the commodities in processed form to the consumer all through the year. Processing of food eliminates wastage of agricultural produce to a great extent. By cultivation of good quality processable agricultural produce the farmers stand to gain better returns. A Food Park at Nilakkottai Industrial Estate (Dindigul District) is being set up at a total cost of Rs.13.00 crores. This department as a Nodal agency for Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, processes applications recommends and forwards to Ministry of Food Processing Industries for obtaining grant. During the financial year 2005-06, 63 proposals worth Rs.108.28 crores to establish food processing related projects have been forwarded to the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India with recommendations for grant of Rs.11.67 crores.
8. Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing Board
The important functions of the Board are as follows:
8.1. Publicity and Propaganda Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing Board is carrying out publicity and
propaganda work on the advantages of selling agricultural produce through Regulated
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Markets through four centres at Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore and Tiruchirappalli. It is proposed to extend the publicity and propaganda activities to three more centers.
8.2. Training to Farmers and Staff
The Training Center at Salem caters to the training needs of the Market Committee employees and the farmers. Three different training programmes, viz; Graders Training, Market Committee Employees Refresher Training and Personal Contact Programme are conducted in this Training Center. The graders training of 30 days duration is conducted for the employees of the market committee @ 1 batch/year, comprising of 20 employees. The refresher training of 28 days duration is conducted for the Staff working in market committees @ 1 batch/year comprising of 20 persons. The Personal contact programme of 3 days duration is conducted for the farmers in 5 batches for 100 farmers. Apart from the above training programmes training on Post Harvest Management is conducted in regulated markets for the farmers by the Assistant Director of Agriculture (Publicity & Propaganda) Chennai, Madurai, Trichy and Coimbatore.
8.3. Establishing Marketing Endowment Chair at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Tamil Nadu State Marketing Board has created an Endowment Chair at the Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Studies, TNAU, Coimbatore, with a deposit fund of Rs.50.00 lakhs. Various research studies and training programmes are being taken up utilizing the interest that accrues from the fund.
8.4. Construction Works The Engineering wing of the department executes civil works such as construction of
office buildings, rural godowns, auction platform, shopping complex, agricultural input shops, payment counters, rest shed cum payment counter, water supply, toilet facilities, internal roads, godowns, compound wall, etc. in the Regulated Markets. Further the engineering wing is entrusted with the repair and reconstruction works in the uzhavar santhai for an estimated amount of Rs.42 lakhs for which government orders have been issued.
8.5. Market Development Fund The Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing Board derives its finance from the
Market Committees. The Market Committees contribute 15% of their receipts to the Board. Fifty percent of this amount is set apart as Market Development Fund, from which expenditure towards market developmental activities including training / publicity and propaganda are met.
8.6. Domestic and Export Market Intelligence and Guidance Cell at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Agricultural Produce Domestic and Export Intelligence Guidance Cell has been established in the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University at an initial cost of Rs.20.00 lakhs from the Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing Board. The Cell would collect details on prices of major commodities at domestic and international markets, analyse and forecast future domestic and export prices. The Cell will transmit the forecast prices in the forthcoming months to the regulated markets and farmers. The Cell by providing this information will help the farmers to plan the cropping pattern and the right time and right market to sell their produce. This cell will be networked with the Agricultural Production and Marketing Information Centres established in regulated markets. 9. Tamil Nadu Small Farmers Agri-business Consortium (TNSFAC)
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The main objective of TNSFAC is to link the small farmers to both technologies as well as market in association with private, corporate, co-operative sectors, by providing both forward and backward linkages. This will be achieved through assisting entrepreneurs to make investments in setting up agribusiness projects through venture capital participation and encourage producer group/organizations to establish suitable agro-based projects by assisting them with formulating commercially viable projects through a project development facility. This Consortium has been registered under “Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975”. TNSFAC during the period ending 31-3-06 has extended venture capital assistance to a tune of Rs.345.51 lakhs. During this year it has been proposed to extend venture capital assistance to a tune of Rs.374.50 lakhs.
10. Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Resources Management (IAMWARM) IAMWARM project is a World Bank aided project. This Multi-disciplinary project involves public works department, agriculture, horticulture, agricultural marketing, agricultural engineering, fisheries, animal husbandry, forestry, social welfare etc.
As part of the above exercise, 17 numbers of sub-basins were identified within 16 river basins (except Cauvery river basin) and irrigated development plans are being drawn up. The existing irrigation supply system in this selected sub-basins will be modernized through up gradation, micro-irrigation etc., and the resultant saving of water will be utilized for intensive and extensive cropping, change of cropping pattern to the advantage of farmers etc.
In this chain of events, Marketing of Agricultural Produce constitutes an important link and needs up gradation along with other sections. Nodal officers have been allotted for the 17 sub-basins, and the detailed project report is under preparation. Drying yard, storage godown, mini-vans etc., will be provided to the (farmers) water users associations of the sub-basins.
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Table 1
Details of Regulated Markets, Check Posts, Rural Godowns, Commercial Grading Centres, Kapas Grading Centres and
Tobacco Grading Centres in Tamil Nadu (Numbers)
Sl. No.
Mar
ket C
omm
ittee
s
Reg
ulat
ed
mar
ket
Che
ck P
ost
Rur
al G
odow
n
Com
mer
cial
G
radi
ng C
entr
e
Kap
as G
radi
ng
Cen
tre
Toba
cco
Gra
ding
C
entr
e
1 Kancheepuram 14 2 5 7 -- --
2 Vellore 12 -- 4 5 -- --
3 Tiruvannamalai 16 -- 7 10 -- --
4 Cuddalore 10 -- 3 6 -- --
5 Villupuram 18 -- 9 13 1 --
6 Salem 19 -- 2 6 -- --
7 Dharmapuri 16 2 4 5 -- --
8 Coimbatore 18 -- 11 2 3 --
9 Erode 25 1 9 10 2 1
10 Tiruchirappalli 19 4 10 4 -- --
11 Thanjavur 13 2 4 3 -- --
12 Pudukkottai 10 1 2 2 -- --
Sl. N
o.
Mar
ket C
omm
ittee
s
Reg
ulat
ed
mar
ket
Che
ck P
ost
Rur
al G
odow
n
Com
mer
cial
G
radi
ng C
entr
e
Kap
as G
radi
ng
Cen
tre
Toba
cco
Gra
ding
C
entr
e
13 Madurai 6 -- 2 2 -- --
14 Ramanathapuram 20 1 10 6 1 --
15 Tirunelveli 20 -- 12 6 3 --
16 Kanyakumari 6 2 5 2 -- --
17 Theni 7 -- 2 1 1 --
18 Dindigul 8 -- 4 4 -- --
19 Nagapattinam 8 -- 1 1 -- --
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20 Tiruvarur 8 -- 2 1 -- --
21 Nilgiris 4 -- -- -- -- --
Total 277 15 108 96 11 1
Table 2
Infrastructure Facilities Available in the Regulated Markets (Numbers)
Sl.N
o.
Mar
ket
Com
mitt
ees
Ow
n La
nd
God
own
Rur
al G
odow
n
Tran
sa
ctio
n Sh
ed
Dry
ing
Yard
Farm
ers
Res
t
Shed
Sani
tary
Fa
cilit
ies
Drin
king
wat
er F
acili
ties
1 Kanchee- puram
7 -- 5 4 7 2 6 5
2 Vellore 9 6 4 6 4 2 7 7
3 Tiruvanna- malai
13 5 7 14 11 6 10 9
4 Cuddalore 5 2 3 11 5 3 9 5
5 Villupuram 12 4 9 26 13 10 22 12
6 Salem 5 1 2 4 4 -- 4 3
7 Dharmapuri 9 1 4 7 7 3 11 7
8 Coimbatore 18 58 11 19 21 6 14 12
9 Erode 14 12 9 19 16 3 14 14
10 Tiruchira- ppalli
12 13 10 24 13 3 19 11
11 Thanjavur 10 11 4 17 7 6 9 9
12 Pudukkottai 3 1 2 3 2 1 3 2
13 Madurai 4 -- 2 1 3 3 2 3
14 Ramanatha-puram
14 8 10 12 10 2 12 13
15 Tirunelveli 15 3 12 9 13 10 14 15
16 Kanya-kumari
5 2 5 6 7 5 5 5
17 Theni 4 -- 2 3 6 1 3 4
Sl.N
o.
Mar
ket
Com
mitt
ees
Ow
n La
nd
God
own
Rur
al G
odow
n
Tran
sa
ctio
n Sh
ed
Dry
ing
Yard
Farm
ers
Res
t
Shed
Sani
tary
Fa
cilit
ies
Drin
king
wat
er F
acili
ties
18 Dindigul 6 1 4 6 7 -- 5 5
19 Nagapattinam 1 1 1 2 1 -- 1 1
20 Tiruvarur 1 -- 2 1 1 2 1 1
21 Nilgiris -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
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Total 167 129 108 194 158 68 171 143
Table 3 Market Committee-wise Regulated Markets
1. Kancheepuram 2. Vellore Kancheepuram Vellore Tiruthani Tirupathur Thiruvallur Arcot Red hills Arakonam Madurantagam Vaniyampadi Uthiramerur Kaveripakkam Ponneri Gudiyatham Thirukkalukundram Kalavai Sunguvarchatram Ammoor Pallipattu Katpadi Uthukottai Ambur Acharapakkam Thimiri Gummidipoondy Nasarethpettai 3. Thiruvannamalai 4. Cuddalore Tiruvannamalai Virudhachalam Arani Cuddalore Vandavasi Panruti Chetpet Thittakudi Cheyyar Kattumannarkoil Polur Chidambaram Chengam Kurunchipadi Pudupalayam Sethiyathoppu Vanapuram Srimushnam Vettavalam Bhuvanagiri Thellar Mangala Mamandoor Desur Peranamallur Dhusi Kilpennathur
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5. Villupuram 6. Salem Tindivanam Salem Tirukoilur Athur Ulundurpet Namakkal Villupuram Rasipuram Chinnasalem Thiruchengodu Kallakkurichi Sankagiri Gingee Konganapuram Thiagadurgam Kollathur Sankarapuram Velur Tiruvennainallur Mecheri Manalurpet Vazhapadi Avalurpet Thammampatti Marakkanam Namagiripettai Vikaravandi Thalaivasal Ananthapuram Omalur Valathi Kadyampatti Moongilthuraipattu Gangavalli Kilianur Karumunthurai Cholakkadu 7. Dharmapuri 8. Coimbatore Dharmapuri Tiruppur Krishnagiri Avinashi Hosur Sevur Kelamangalam Annur Palacode Karamadai Pennagaram Coimbatore Pochampalli Sulur Kaveripattinam Palladam Uthangarai Udumalpet Harur Anaimalai Pappireddipatti Pollachi Kolathur Malayadi Palayam Bargoor Negamam Rayakottai Kinathukkadavu Denkanikkottai Thondamuthur Papparapatti Madathukkulam Pethappampatti Pongalur
9. Erode 10. Tiruchirappalli Erode Jayankondam Avalpoonthurai Karur Kodumudi Ariyalur Sivagiri Manapparai Chithode Andimadam Bhavani Thuraiyur Boothapadi Perambalur Anthiyur Lalgudi Mylampadi Tiruchirapalli Kavundampadi Thottiyam Gobi Manachanallur Nambiyur Kulithalai Vellakkoil Thuvarankurichi Saithiyamagalam Irumputhipatti Punjai Pulliyampatti Chinnatharapuram Thalavadi Pullampadi Perundurai Thathaiyangarpet Kunnathur Melanikuzhi Kangayam Arumbavur
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Vellakoil Dharapuram Moolanur Alangeyam Muthur Elumathur 11. Thanjavur 12. Pudukkottai Athirampattinam Alangudi Ammapettai Aranthangi Budalur Pudukkottai Kumbakonam Kandarvakkottai Madukkur Avudayarkoil Orathanadu Keeranur Pattukottai Keeramangalam Papanasam Ponnamaravathi Peravoorani Illuppur Thanjavur Karampakkudi Vallam Thirupananthal Pappanadu
13. Madurai 14. Ramanathapuram Thirumangalam Virudhunagar Usilampatti Rajapalayam Melur Sathur Madurai Aruppukottai T.Kallupatti Srivilliputhur Vadipatti Watrap Vembakkottai Sivaganga Thiruppuvanam Manamadurai Singampuneri Karaikudi Ilayankudi Devakkottai Ramanathapuram Paramakudi Kamuthi Thiruvadanai Rajasingamangalam Mudukulathur 15. Tirunelveli 16. Kanyakumari Kovilpatti Ethamozhi Sankarankoil Vadaseri Thoothukudi Kaliyakkavilai Pudur Monday Market Kadambur Kulasekaram Kalugumalai Thoduvatti Thenkasi Ambasamudram Valliyur Srivaikundam Tirunelveli Vilathikulam Kadayanallur Thisayanvilai Pavurchatram Thiruvenkadam Ettayapuram Sivagiri Alangulam Sathankulam
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17.Theni 18. Dindigul Theni Dindigul Cumbum Oddanchatram Bodinayakanur Palani Chinnamanur Natham Andipatti Bathalagundu Uthamapalayam Gopalpatti Periayakulam Vadamadurai
Vedachandur 19. Nagapattinam 20. Tiruvarur Kivalur Valangaiman Kuttalam Koradacheri Mailaduthurai Mannarkudi Nagapattinam Poonthottam Sembanarkoil Vaduvur Sirkazhi Kudavasal Vedaranayam Thiruvarur Thiruppondi Thiruthuraipoondi 21. Nilgiris Udagamandalam Kothagiri Coonur Gudalur
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Table 4 Districtwise Agmark Grading Laboratories in
Tamil Nadu
Sl. No. Name of the District
Place of the Agmark Grading Laboratory
Principal Lab at Office of the Director of Agricultural Marketing and Agri. Business Chennai (North)
1 Chennai
Chennai (South) 2 Vellore Vellore 3 Cuddalore Panruti 4 Thanjavur Thanjavur
Trichirapalli– I 5 Tiruchirapalli Trichirapalli– II
6 Karur Karur Madurai – 1 7 Madurai Madurai – 2
8 Theni Theni 9 Dindigul Dindigul
10 Virudhunagar Virudhunagar Tirunelveli 11 Tirunelveli Thenkasi
12 Thoothukudi Thoothukudi Nagarkoil 13 Kanyakumari Marthandam
14 Salem Salem 15 Dharmapuri Dharmapuri
Coimbatore Tiruppur
16 Coimbatore
Palladam Perundurai Erode – I Erode – II Kangayam – I Kangayam – II Vellakoil
17 Erode
Chithode
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CHAPTER IX
STATE ASSISTED AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION
Tamil Nadu Horticultural Producers Co-operative Enterprises Limited (TANHOPE)
Tamil Nadu Horticultural Producers Co-operative Enterprises Limited (TANHOPE) was registered in the year 1995 as a primary Co-operative society under the Tamil Nadu Co-operative Societies Act 1983 and started functioning from 18.1.1995 onwards.
The Commissioner of Horticulture and Plantation Crops is its special Officer and Joint Registrar of Co-operative Societies is the Managing Director.
This institution is formed for the benefit of small and marginal farmers to get remunerative price for their produces and the consumer to get fresh fruit and vegetables at a lesser price. As on date, this institution has enrolled 3904 grower members with a paid up share capital of Rs.3.90 lakhs. The area of operation of the institution is the entire state of Tamil Nadu.
This institution had implemented fruit and vegetable project at the cost Rs.470 lakhs with the assistance of National Co-operative Development Corporation. The scheme period ended on 30-06-2001. Due to failure in getting the extension of the scheme period beyond 30.6.2001, the development and business of the institution have gradually decreased for the past five years. The turnover of the institution was Rs.380.26 lakhs during the period 1996-2001 which has come down to Rs.167.61 lakhs during 2001-2006.
In the above NCDC scheme, a sum of Rs.93.00 lakhs had been utilised out of the total outlay of Rs.470.00 lakhs. The procurement centers and retail outlets created through the scheme have not been utilised fully to their capacity.
This scheme was implemented in the districts of Kancheepuram, Salem and Dindigul in the first phase. In Salem district, though allocation of funds and permission was granted for the construction of procurement center with walk in cooler the work has not been executed. Action will be taken for the construction and functioning of the procurement centre with walk in cooler facility in Salem district during the financial year.
The schemes of TANHOPE will be integrated with the activities of the “Uzhavar Sandhai”. TANHOPE will procure and supply the English/Hill vegetables, which are not cultivated in the areas of Uzhavar Sandhai, directly from production centers. Further, retail outlets will be established in towns where Uzhavar Sandhais are not in existence. Thus the Society will reinforce the activities of the Uzhavar Sandhai.
With an intention of developing of TANHOPE, Government will take steps to supply vegetables to the government institutions, public undertakings and co-operatives through TANHOPE. In view of this, Adi-Dravida and Backward Class students hostels, nutritious meal centers, hospitals, jails etc. can get quality vegetables at reasonable price.
Further, action will also be taken to procure and supply inputs and other materials required for the implementation of the departmental schemes through TANHOPE.
VEERAPANDI S. ARUMUGAM Minister for Agriculture
DEMAND NO. 5 – AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT
Estimate of the Amounts Required for Expenditure in 2006-2007 REVISED BUDGET ESTIMATE 2006-2007
(Rs. in thousands)
Revenue Capital Loan Total
Demand for Grant – Voted 913,73,60 64,24,65 -- 977,98,25 Appropriation – Charged 3 -- -- 3
Head of Account 2004-05
Accounts 2005-06 Revised Estimate
2006-07 Interim Budget
Estimate
2006-07 Revised Budget
Estimate 2059 Public Works 1,06,75 1,62,72 1,98,92 1,98,92 2202 General Education -- 30,00 60,00 60,00 2401 Crop Husbandry 583,23,45 536,34,96 554,18,76 639,42,40 2402 Soil and Water Conservation 101,37,37 95,13,61 88,33,10 103,42,73 2415 Agricultural Research and
Education 63,22,42 76,46,15 76,59,98 81,32,07
2435 Other Agricultural Programmes 32,70,40 35,25,36 40,35,10 42,06,34 2501 Special Programmes for Rural
Development 10,24,97 7,25,00 7,25,00 7,25,00
2551 Hill Areas 11,36,04 4,95,45 5,34,61 4,18,59 2702 Minor Irrigation 6,82,07 6,56,52 7,82,91 8,03,81 2705 Command Area Development 39,45,41 17,06,50 17,59,50 18,50,21 3451 Secretariat – Economic Services 3,76,05 4,05,70 4,61,84 4,79,21 4401 Capital Outlay on Crop
Husbandry 14,51,89 2,77 8 1,34,54
4402 Capital Outlay on Soil and Water Conservation
-- 17,63,44 24,05,01 24,31,26
4435 Capital Outlay on Other Agricultural Programmes
-- 1 1 4,50,01
4551 Capital Outlay on Hill Areas -- 6,53,58 5,89,47 9,64,52 4705 Capital Outlay on Command
Area Development -- 23,97,18 24,44,32 24,44,32
DEMAND NO. 5 – AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT REVISED BUDGET ESTIMATE 2006-2007
Rupees in thousands (Gross)
Head of Department Revenue Capital Loan Total
05 01 Secretariat Voted 14,04,21 -- -- 14,04,21
05 02 Directorate of Agriculture
Voted 620,54,71 94,51 -- 621,49,22
05 03 Directorate of Agricultural Marketing and Agri Business
Voted 25,90,79 4,50,01 -- 30,40,80
Charged 1 -- -- 1 05 04 Directorate of Seed Certification
Voted 11,20,17 -- -- 11,20,17
Charged 1 -- -- 1 05 05 Directorate of Horticulture and Plantation Crops Voted 53,82,80 1,00,02 -- 54,82,82
05 06 Charged 1 -- -- 1
Agricultural Engineering Department Voted 109,96,22 57,80,11 -- 167,76,33
05 07 Agro Engineering Services
Voted 14,37 -- -- 14,37
05 08 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Voted 78,10,33 -- -- 78,10,33
Charged 3 -- -- 3 Total
Voted 913,73,60 64,24,65 -- 977,98,25
PART II SCHEMES – 2006-2007
( Rs. in lakhs )
Sl. No. Description of the Schemes Total
Non-Plan Secretariat
1 Modernisation of Agriculture Department with provision of Computers
30.00
Total 30.00
Schemes in the Tenth Five Year Schemes
Agriculture
2 Crop cutting Experiments kits for Block Level 30.80
3 Strengthening of 6 Pesticide Testing Laboratories (Purchase of 6 Gas Liquid Chromatographs)
45.00
4 Development of infrastructure facilities in State Seed Farms
27.40
5 Repair of 44 Agricultural Extension Centres 50.00
6 Additional facilities to Seed Processing Unit for Quality Seed Production – Purchase of materials for Pudukkottai Unit
2.00
7 Equipments and Accessories for coconut crossing centres 3.04
8 Infrastructure Development of Coconut nurseries a) Construction of Seed nut Preservation Shed for
Navlock – Rs.3.00 lakhs b) Bore well with submersible pumpsets –
Navlock–4 Nos. (Rs.5 lakhs), Neyveli – 3 Nos. (Rs.4.06 lakhs), Madhavaram – 2 Nos.(Rs.2 lakhs), Ettankulam – 1 No. (Rs.1 lakh)
3.00
12.06
Total 173.30
Agricultural Marketing
9 Modernisation of the Agmark Grading Laboratories 30.00
10 Strengthening of grading facility at Agricultural Marketing Centre in Chennai by provision of Digital Moisture Meter with Computer
2.60
11 Setting up of Terminal Market Complex for fruits and vegetables and other perishables in select Metro Regions of Chennai, Coimbatore and Madurai with assistance from Government of India
300.00
12 Creation of marketing infrastructure with storage facilities for Onion at Palladam in Coimbatore District
10.00
13 Creation of cold storage facilities for Mango in Krishnagiri District
10.00
14 Creation of Export Market Complex and cold storage facilities for export quality grapes at Odaipatti in Theni District
100.00
Total 452.60
Seed Certification
Sl. No. Description of the Schemes Total
15 Purchase of Computers and accessories to six Assistant Directors of Seed Inspection
3.00
16 Provision of 45 KVA Generator and accessories to Seed Testing Laboratory attached to the Directorate of Seed Certification, Coimbatore
7.00
17 Provision of Electric line for Borewell at Grow out Test Farm at Kannampalayam
0.50
18 Replacement of 5 jeeps for Assistant Directors of Seed Inspection, Thanjavur, Cuddalore, Trichy, Assistant Directors of Seed Certification, Erode and Salem
21.25
19 Upgradation of Electrical wiring in the Office of the Director of Seed Certification, Coimbatore
1.66
20 Upgradation of Electrical wiring in Seed Testing Laboratory, Coimbatore
2.91
21 Upgradation of Electrical wiring in Seed Testing Laboratory, Madurai
1.86
22 Upgradation of Electrical wiring in Seed Testing Laboratory, Kancheepuram
2.50
Total 40.68
Horticulture and Plantation Crops
23 Strengthening of irrigation facilities in 10 State Horticulture Farms and Soil Development in 1 State Horticulture Farm
40.00
Total 40.00
Agricultural Engineering
24 Pilot Project for Artificial Recharge Structures in existing percolation ponds of Coimbatore and Vellore Districts (one each)
5.00
25 Pilot Project for increase of water use efficiency in Periyar Vaigai Command area
21.25
26 Creation of GIS Centre in nine districts, viz., Kancheepuram, Thiruvallur, Thiruvannamalai, Villupuram, Perambalur, Karur, Namakkal, Ramanathapuram and Pudukkottai
81.00
27 Purchase of 29 Global Positioning System (GPS) for 29 districts
8.70
28 Office Automation and e-Governance of 25 Assistant Executive Engineers Office
12.50
29 Replacement of 10 number of Old jeeps 42.50
Total 170.95
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
30 Demonstration of new technologies for sustainable wastelands of Tamil Nadu
4.83
31 Demonstration of VRI3 Cashew in wastelands ofTamil Nadu
2.93
Sl. No. Description of the Schemes Total
32 Drought alleviating measures through hormones in dryland crops in Palladam Taluk
3.85
33 Response farming for sustainable crop production in rainfed areas in Kovilpatti Taluk
8.40
34 Development of diagnostic kit for detection of aflatoxin contamination in processed foods and animal feeds
5.80
35 Identification and popularisation of non-food chain crops for sewage contaminated wastelands
4.80
36 Introduction of Bt gene for bollworm resistance in MCU 5/MCU 12/MCU 13/SVPR 2
7.00
37 Development of high yielding extra long staple (ELS) cotton varieties / hybrids to meet the industrial requirement
6.20
38 Enhancing the cane yield through single budded sets planting techniques and out reaching the new improved planting technology to sugarcane growers
6.60
39 Integrated management of major pests and diseases on coconut
5.00
40 Evaluation of suitable castor varieties and hybrids for pure rainfed cropping under vertisol conditions ofTamil Nadu through farmers participatory approach
4.92
41 Post harvest studies to enhance the shelf-life of jasmine and tuberose
1.58
42 Mass production and distribution of nucleo polyhedro virus of cotton American boll worm, tobacco caterpillar and groundnut red hairy caterpillar to farmers of Southern districts of Tamil Nadu
5.53
43 Bio management of nematodes in papaya and citrus using fungal antagonist. Pochonia chlamydosporia
2.28
44 Evaluating the Adoptability of Crop Insurance Schemes in Tamil Nadu
1.83
Total 71.55
Total – Non-Plan 30.00
Total – Plan 949.08
GRAND TOTAL 979.08
