A GLOSSARY OF

PAN-INDIAN TERMS

:ONOMICS AND COMMERCE

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A GLOSSARYOF

PAN INDIAN TERMSIN

ECONOMICS AND COMMERCE

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COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY

MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT GOVT. OF INDIA

1986

© Government of India, ig86

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CONTENTS

Pages

1. Foreword (iii)

2. Editorial (xi)

(xiii)

(xiv)

3. Key to Roman Pronunciation .

4. List of Abbreviations and other hints

5. Glossary of Pan-Indian terms . . . .

6. Appendix I—Principles underlying evolu­tion of terminology approved by the Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology .

7. Appendix II—Resolution passed at theSeminar of Directors of State Book Boards held at Bangalore..........................................................

8. Appendix III—List of Experts and C.S.T.T. staff concerned with the present Glossary .

1—55

57-58

59-60

61-62

0)

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(Hi )

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(iv)

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(vr)

FOREWORDAlthough language is the most important and unique tool

communication given to man, it has been both a gift and a hurdle. With the multiplicity of languages, there have been innumerable sys­tems of communication today recognised as dialects and languages. In the 20th Century while the world comes together and is more closely knit, there is need for faster and quicker communication in many spheres of life, particularly science and technology.

of

From times immemorial India was a pioneer in the field of funda­mental sciences and its civilization was based on a scientific systemi. Consequently, it evolved a corpus of terminology which ran across dis­ciplines and had an efficacy of usage from metaphysics to the physi­cal sciences. In course of time, the unity provided by the Sans­krit language gave place to a multiplicity of languages in the Indian sub-continent. A time came when each of these languages developed a distinctive personality and mode of communication. All this enriched Indian literature and the human sciences. Even through this period of the multiplicity of languages, there was a pan-Indian terminology which facilitated dialogue and communication.

In the 19th Century many momentous changes took place in the scientific world view, especially through discoveries and inventions of the West. In its wake it brought many new terms which reflected the new discoveries and for which ancient and medieval science did not have equivalance. Thus arose the need for making a concerted effort to evolve scientific and technical terminology in Indian languages. It was with this goal that the Government of India set up a Board of Scientific Terminology in 1950 and transformed this into a Commis­sion for Scientific and Technical Terminology in 1961. The func­tions assigned to the Commission, inter alia, included formulation of principles relating to co-ordination and evolution of scientific and tec­hnical terminology in Hindi and other modern Indian Languages.

The Commission, from the very beginning, emphasized the desira­bility of evolving a terminology which couldi after necessary adapta­tion, suit the genius of individual languages, and be used on an all- India basis. With this end in view, the Commission, while constitut­ing Expert Advisory Committees, for finalising terms in various dis-

(vii)

ciplines, ensured that the Committees comprised reputed scholars, teachers and linguists from all the regions of the country. The Com­mission also organised a seminar on the linguistics ol scientific and technical terminology which was attended by eminent linguists re­presenting all the modern Indian languages.

The guiding principles laid down by the Commission for the evolution of terminology have been given in Appendix-I. These can be summarised as under:—

(i) International terms were to be retained as such and only their transliteration was to be given. Under this cate­gory full names of elements & chemical compounds; units of weights, measures and physical quantities; mathe­matical signs, symbols and formulae; binomial nomencla­tures; and terms based on proper names; and words like Radio, Petrol, Radar, etc., which have gained worldwide usage.

(Ti) New terms were coined from Sanskrit roots.

(iii) Hindi words of regional character which have become quite current were retained. But in such cases, other Indian languages were free to substitute their own equivalents.

The fundamental goal of all these steps was the evolution of a uniform scientific and technical terminology for all modern Indian languages. Unfortunately, this objective could not be fully achieved, as can be observed from a perusal of the scientific and technical liter­ature published during the last two decades in various languages of the country. One obvious reason for this situation was that there were no agencies existing at the State level to adoptjadapt and pro­pagate the terminology evolved by the Commission. The authors and translators had no source material to refer to in so far as ter­minology was concerned. Under the circumstances, they picked up terms from whatever technical literature—standard or substandard—was available and, worse still, coined terms without due regard to sound lexicographical principles. As a result, we have today multiple sets of terminologies current in every modern Indian language. This situation obviously should not continue.

The Commission has, therefore, launched a project aimed at iden- tifying|evolving pan-Indian words for basic scientific and technical terms. The project is being implemented with the active co-operation of the State Book Production Boards who are requested to nominate competent subject experts well conversant with the respective lan­guages to furnish regional equivalents of the basic technical terms sor-

(viii)

ted out in the CSTT. These equivalents are then tabulated and plac­ed in all-India seminars in which these experts and some linguists are invited to participate. The experts make and identify words which can find acceptability by all or most of the Indian languages. In case none of the current words stand the test of wide acceptability, the linguists help the experts in coining suitable pan-Indian terms. A number of such seminars have already been organised and the follow­ing interesting points have emerged out of the discussions held there:

1. International terms are acceptable to all;2. most of such Sanskrit words as do not convey a very diver­

gent meaning in various languages are also accepted for pan-Indian use;

3. terms of Perso-Arabic origin are already current in andacceptable to most of the Indian languages;

4. words which have acquired derogatory sense in any lan­guage are rejected outright;

5. if a particular word is not acceptable to an individual lan­guage because it is considered impossible to replace an already widely current regional word, that language is left free to retain its term, as an exception.

The Central Government is financing the project and it is proposed to publish pan-Indian terminology in the form of subject-wise glos­saries, in the first instance. The State Text Book Production Boards have agreed to use, as far as possible, only the pan-Indian terms in their future publications. However, where it is not found practical to use any such term, the same would be given either in brackets or in foot-notes along with the regional terms.

The present glossary consists of about 1 100 pan-Indian terms per­taining to economics and commerce. The first edition is being brought out as a free publication. We hope, it would be widely welcome and the State Boards will publish subsequent editions of this glossary for wider distribution among actual users.

I take this opportunity of expressing my gratitude to the Direc­tors of the State Book Production Boards and the eminent scholars minated by them for taking keen interest in this project of national importance. A word of appreciation is also due to the staff of the Commission concerned with the work.

no-

(Prof.) Malik Mohamed Chairman

Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology

(ix)

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

terms in Economics and Com-The task of identifying pan-Indian merce proved quite fascinating. We were surprised to find tnat terms which were almost discarded by the authors writing books in Hindi, were still widely current and acceptable in other linguistic regions. For example, the CSTT had not accepted abakari for ‘excise because, initially, it stood for ‘liquor tax’ only and its meaning had later on been extended to cover ‘excise duties’ It was therefore, considered more appropriate to coin a new expression ‘utpadana sulka Now c>ur survey has revealed that abakari is still being used lor ‘excise duties’ in Assamese, Gujarati, Marathi and Kannada etc. e have therefore, again adopted abakari in addition to utpadana sulka . On the other hand, terms most widely used in Hindi region like rastrlyakarana for ‘nationalization’, udyoga for ‘industry and krsi or ‘agriculture’, have not been found to be pan-Indian in character. In such cases, it has been agreed that specified languages may have the freedom to continue using jatiyakarana for ‘nationalization ; panorama, ifilpa or kaigarike for ‘industry’ and vyavasaya for agriculture .

2. Under this project, we are identifying only the root words and the various modern Indian languages will be free to modify them or add prefixes and suffixes thereto, according to their own geniuses and grammars. For example, blma (for ‘insurance’) will be written as vlma in Marathi and Oriya, vimo in Gujarati, vime in Kannada and bhima in Telugu; labhansa (for ‘dividend’) will be written as labhanasamu in Telugu and labhapangu in Tamil.; upabohga (for ‘consumption) will be written simply as blioga in Bengali and anubhoga in Kannada.

3. Words which carry either distinctly different or derogatory meanings in any particular language have either been avoided alto­gether or that language has been given freedom to use its own terms. For example, dhatu is not used for ‘metal’ in Telugu, it stands only for ‘sperm’ and expression for ‘metal’ is loha. So, as an exception Telugu will continue using loha for ‘metal’ though the pan-Indian equivalent will be dhatu.

free publication in the hope4. This glossary is being released - , rthat it will get wide publicity among authors, translators, members ot the teaching community and students studying through the media ot modern Indian languages. We will be happy if the State Text Book Boards reproduce the Glossary to make it available to larger number of actual users.

as a

B. D. Pandya, Deputy Director

(xi)

KEY TO ROMAN PRONUNCIATON

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?rraua: oc

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If 5T 3=rjh nch ) zc

S' 55 ¥ 3 ITEd dh rht 9r

sirT

d dhth nt

'fj'R 5'T

f b bhphP iu

STTq

1 v sV r

*

b r-^fover a vowel) indicatesnasalization

hs9

Anuswara—m3T«T

jfiks tr

(xiii)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND OTHER HINTS

Asm.Ben.

Assamese Bengali Gujarati Kannada Malayalam Marathi

Oriya Punjabi Tamil

Telugu1. T. stands for ‘transliteration’ which means that the English

term has been retained as such and will be written in the various scripts in a way as close to the standard English pronunciation as possible.

2. R. stands for ‘Regional Equivalent’3. lialicizalion of a word denotes that it could be substituted by

a regional expression, if desired.

Guj.

Kan.Mai.Mar.Ori.Pun.Tam.Tel.

( v)

PAN-INDIAN TERMINOLOGY

IN ECONOMICS AND COMMERCE

Pan-Indian Term inDevanagari Script

Pan-Indian Term in Roman Script

Basic Term in English Exceptions, if any

4321

par it yaga kamlapagharsana anupasthiti pravrtti tvarana svikrti kliata; lekha parigrahana vastavika (arika) adhinirnaya,

nyayanirnaya samayojana mulyanusara agrima, bay an a vijfiapana

abandonmentabatementabrasionabsenteeismaccelerationacceptanceaccountacquisitionactualadjudication

sF*rt3TWF>T

’JTrTT;

JT^TTOTTadjustment ad valorem advance advertisement jahirata in Mar., Kan.

1 2 3 4

adviceagencyaggregateagioagreementagribusiness

sucana; salahaT.samasfibatfaqararakr^ivyaparasahayatavinidhanai. bhatta 2. bada,

katavikalpa, badalasamamelanarnamuktianusangikavaraikipurvapraptiprati-mudrasphltiprabhajanamulyanirupanavrddhi; mulyavrddhi^iksuviniyojana

samuca in Pun. taragu in Tel.

3Rf^®TnTR

1. WT’ 2.

aidallocationallowance

toalternativeamalgamationamortizationancillaryannuityanticipationanti-inflationapportionmentappraisementappreciationapprenticeappropriation

prati-ulbanam in Tel.

fsrer

Xouom p«q

pjBM«

aoirepiOAEnOtJBOOAB

BXABjp/Bapnra Bisi^iu BABqqEjd iqf AtjBjd

njcA^ousd ‘sAcujimt|ps ■BU^qffojd ‘BwquBd

njiABdn(aouBansra in) i;bbdj -z

£/.qp?tu ■ iuqqoj

p/teum ^bAbi^bs

teZjllh 2a4iyblM< ^IbUJK

£b|b,h 'h^UJRJK bHW'^K *> ifojh

&i&h£ (uqb) :z

treifr -i aS^JOAE

301JBAB

AjBi^ncnBMS

■EUBJBO-lU'BA'BAS ‘CUB’BOBAS UOTlBUIO^nB

l^ydBO pszuoq^ntj Aqoj«;nB XpJdjsnB

5ipn^ uotpnB

Tiop'ejransse J3SSB

juauissoss^

ABSftU

UOpBlDOSSB JO SappJB uoiiBaiiqaB

uopBcutxojddB

fcBJSk/yEij liiiyii BUBqpBjnui/ifynd -Bji^iqpBBjBjeqqquvunslUAHtjb^lK

COBSoqqBdojiui

‘X c?^U«d«q^9i

Etulqiu tzaBaE^luiiB

USB ‘iJl^duiBSUBd BUBJBqpjlU

BsqiaBdtnBqp iqprABdn Bq^sin-es

■RUBOBAIA B6BJB5[lte3|TU

iHhhlZh}

2£jiu• blU>^

‘Ujhftijh

ito^hSm

t4fejh£ 1MB

3 42I

'J’TpWPTsrnifr

ferrar<A<i; hwti

5T nHId / oiP?

bailmentbalancebalance of paymentsbalance of tradebankruptcybargainbarterbase yearbasic cost=prime cost =

real cost basic industry batch costing bearbearer cheque beneficiarybest judgment assessment betterment fund betting tax

upanidhiinabaqllenadena-sesavyiipara-sesadivalasauda; rivayatl sauda vastuvinimaya mula varsa mula lagata/vyaya

im ssprfjrerTT'JT

hyilfwO

fqfnqjqft qrt:

mula udyoga gana vyaya nirdharana mandariya, T. vahaka caika hitadhikanyathabuddhi nirdharana samunnati nidhi liazl karaT.bid

qfq'tferqTf^r,

qbtR'ra?fqy|dHM

dvipaksila T., hundi naubharapatra dvidhatumana

bilateralismbillbill oflading bimetallism dvilohamanam in Tel.

janma data kalabazar nirvicara vikraya avarodhana avaruddlia punji/ muladhana

firf^rK ftm^RTtEf^T

birth rate black market blind sale blockade blocked capital

31^T.bondbonusbook valueboomborrowingbountyboycottbranchbrandbrokerbreak-even pointbreakthroughbudgetbuffer stockbullbullionbuoyant economy businessbusiness cycle =trade cycle buyer

T.

srf^frTT, grwrs

likliita mulya carama utkar§a rnadana, rbagrahaua adhidana bahiskara, T. sakha

w

sit^rT. ■SIF3dalalalabha-alabha bindu prasphotaT. W3Zsuraksa bhandara tejariya, T.

tTSTTtsilw,

ujjivanasila arthavyavastha ^ft^T?fNT karobara vyapara cakra kreta, ^haridara

T-

‘PTmWRsqm ^

%cTT,

1 32

by-productcallcalled-up capital call moneycapacity> pita]

tal formation • pilal-intensive industry

upotpada 'omK'TiR

T. •ftatnrp T3ft/

enTcn, wrw

•» «

ahuta punji/muladhana talabi dravya ksamata, samarthya punji, mQladhana punji srjana punji-pradhana/muladiia- napradhana udyoga abaddha pratisthana

jahazi mala kalajanya mulyahrasa garibhara naqada/nagada naqada fasala nagadi pravaha naimittika sramika

OJ3fT^3

?TTHcaptive shop cargocarrying costcartagecashcash crop cash flow casual labour caution money ceiling

saruku in Tel.

avadltana dravya uccatama sima, sarvocca sima uccatama dama/qimata janaganana

ST'fuKstar, rtafcsr star garistha parimiti in Tel.

tTrs/fittacfg(r(<|0|^7

ceiling price census of population

central bankingcentralizationcesschain banking charge cheap money circulating capital

kendrlya baihkihga kendrikarana upakara, T. srhkhala baihkihga prabhara, T. sulabha mudra pracalana&la punjl/ muladhana davasamasodhana, nikasi grahakasamvrta arthavyavasthaantima malaUra vyaparasikkasahayogasahavarti zamanata vasulisamuhika saudakari samijhavada samyojana vanijya

^ ^TT

55nr Rffi

claimclearingclientclosed economy closing stock coastal trade

'JI'fTthnvftS'Tj Pwraf

^cT

fiftr SZJKR -4

nanein Kan., Mar., Tam., Te!.comcollaboration collateral security collectioncollective bargaining collectivism combination commercecommodityCommunity development sdmudayika vikasa commuted value

panya «pjq-

trr^rf^rupantarita mulya

•l

I 2 3

tulanika vecca in Kan.comparative costs compensating error compensation competitioncomplementary demand compound duty=

compound tariff compound interest concentration concern conciliation condition confiscation consideration conspicuous consumption

tulanatmaka lagata pratipuraka truti ksatipurtipratiyogita, spardha puraka mahga yaugika sulka/prasulka

^TFIrT

Jrnr

baddi for ‘interest’ in Kan.cakravrddhikendrana; kendribhavana ^j^i; samstha sulaha §arta zabtipratiphalapradarsana upabhoga/ bhogasthira qimata/dama upabhokta/bhokta andola-

oo

constant price consumer movement

naconsumer price index upbhokta/bhokta qimata/

damn sucakartka upabhokta/bhokta adhisesa

consumer’s surplus qqql'Ml/yfcdr 3Tt^R

T

R. in Ben., Kan.upabhoga, kliapata upabhogya/bhokta vastuTprasarigika nidhi prasangika deyata/ dayitva nisiddha samvida, cjarai'a qarara aya ansadana^rama sahabhagita, srama ansabhagitii niyantrana, T. niyantrita arthavyavastha ritigata avasyakatat

consumption consumption goods=

consumer’s goods contingency fund contingent liability

contrabandcontractcontractual income contributioncontributory copartnership

StSKPTVTH tT^^lfTcIT, ?T5n?IlfTc!I

controlcontrolled economy conventional necessaries

tc

'■OfcnT'T iTT^W+'cUQ,,avasyaka vastue parivartaniyata bandi Sramika sahakarita, sahayogita sahamalika

opft

■d^lcMK, trftcTv? f^pyrr,

*u«Ta, ^T,tTPRI xhm'lpK'f, ^THTcT

convertibilityconvict labourcooperationco-ownersco-productscorporationcorrelationcostcost competitiveness

Mai

sahotpada, sahotpanna nigama, T. sahasambandha lagata, kharca, vyaya lagata pratiyogitva, lagata spardhaluta

vecca in kan.

1 2 3 4

costing cost of living cost of production cost-push inflation co-surety cottage industry counterfoil countervailing duty country of origin crash programme credit

lagata/vyaya nirdharana jivananirvaha vyaya utpadana vyaya/lagata vyayajata mudrasphiti

saha-zamanatadara kutira udyoga pratiparna pratirakai sulka udbhava desa zoradara karyakrama1. udhara2. jama, T.

mrRtl'Zw froffn- ant

srfirm

'^'1 V?l <• SFTlt'W !• 'StJR 2.3^7, HcTO

ulbanam for 'inflation’ in Tel.«TM3mT

o

3. sakha, pratyaya udhara niyantrana

jamapatra, T. udharapatrata nirdharana udharapatrata rekhana, T. sthula dara

credit controlcredit notecredit ratingcreditworthinesscrossingcrude ratecum-dividendcumulative time deposit

'3’trR'Tra^tr

labhansasahita sancayi savadhi niksepa/ jama

?mrn?rtr%T

calu khata grahakasima^ulka tTvra pratiyogita/ spardha

cakriya uccavacana dattariktasthana bhara apratibhuta rna mrtyu sulka, marana

salkahinlkarana rnapatra, T. name, T.

Current accountcustomercustomscut-throat competition

=ar>foycyclical fluctuation datadead freight dead-weight debt death duty

3c<TVfRT

ijfj wr ?ps

cbasementdebenturedebitdebtdebt sendeedecelerationdecentralizationdecreasing returnsdefalcationdeferred chargedeficiencydeficitdeflationdegressive taxation

rnarna sevamandanavikendrikaranahrasamana pratiphalavyapaharanaprasthagita prabhara, T.kaml, nyunataghataavasphitihrasamana arohl kara-

ropana

*TvT<.°T

R'TJTpratyulba^tam in Teh

I 2 3 4

dehoarding delinquent tax demography

apasaftcaya -mocana aparadhideya karajajaasaiikhyiki, janasan-

khyavidyavimudrlkaranademonetization MsW. nirdravyikarana in Tam., Tel.,

ananyikaraiia in Kan.demurragedenationalization

vilamba £ulka virasjriyakarana

denominational value = face ahkita mQlya value

departmental store depletion. depopula lion deposit depreciation depression devaluation development development plan deviation differential

to

vibhiigiya bhandara avaksaya

nirjanikarana jama, niksepa mulyahrasa, muiyaksaya

nxandi avamulyana vikasavikasa yojana vicalana

avakala

W, f^TT

prat yaksa lagata/vyaya 11irdcsita avthavyavasthaprat yaksa kap» samvitaranH haUa, 1'. hanagata mulya hhcdamulaka ekadhikara nirarthakarita

?rPT?T/awt'lifST'T

ftfarPyi

f'T

direct cost directed economy direct tax disbursement discountdiscounted valuediscriminating monopoly diseconomy disequilibrium disguised unemployment= pracchanna bekari

hidden unemployment

asantulana; asamyavasthasra '♦>t A

anadara, nakara visphiti prativiniyoga prakirnana

disposable income=spend- prayojya aya able income=take home pay dissolution distribution disutility diversification dividenddomestic consumption donation

sfafafiriffiTsr^r?T

?nq-

dishonourdisinflationdisinvestment

co

dispersion

i^rR^TsrrqiftfiRi

vighatanavitaranaanupayogitavividhikaranalabhansadcsiya tipabhoga/bhoga dana

1 2 3 <L

drawbackdraweedrawer

sulkavapasi, pliiratl svikartacaikakarta; hun^ikarta; f^T?;bilakarta

dumping duopoly duopsony durable goods dutyearnest moneyearningsqconometricseconomicseconomic systemeconomy (ies)efficiencyegalitarianismelasticityembargoembezzlementemigrant populationemoluments

patana, dampana dvi-adhikara, dviswamya dvikreta bazar

'TFd'fl,

fs-^rr

^nrRT

dlrghopayogi vastue .^ulka, T. bayanaarjana, uparjana arthamiti arthasastra arthavyavastha arthakarita daksata

samatavada lacaka: mulyasapeksata nirodhajna gabanau tpravasL jan asankhya parilabdhiyl

mungada in Ka«5. Tam.

4f ij oqq ^ |

lT*T?rMT?

wr 'Jt'toVnR, in Kan. and Tel.'rTi^loy^i

employment end money endorsement endowment

rozagara, niyojana antopayogi dravya prsthaftkana dattanidhi, T.

3*<7•TKoi+M ^rTPrftr,

end product=final product antima utpada/utpanna. antima upayoga-end use tffOT ^qift>T

udyama; vyavasaya pratis- z&w; thana

enterprise

entrepot tradeentrepreneurentryequalitarianism equilibritun equalization grant equal product curve

equimarginal return equitable distribution equitable mortgage equity share errorescalator clause escape clause essential industry

parantara vyapara udyaml, udyokta pravisti

samanatavada santulana, samyavastha samakari anudana samotpada/samotpanna

rekliasamasimanta pratiphala samyika vitarana samyika bandhaka

4Ride

ttHMoTaT?cn

T.trutisvatah samayojan dhara mocana dhara ava§yaka udyoga

*aRT: urtfjft^r snrr

tTffbr

i

*

42 3i

pratisthanasampadamrtaka sampatti sulka adhikyaaprayukta samnrthya/

ksamata

establishment estate estate duty excessexcess capacity

IpT5F?nfa=RT

>rnflr«4 / etiTTriTMtR'T

'.+i<l ♦sf'fl i-rrexchange exchequer excise duty

vmimaya sarakari khr.zanaabakari sulka, utpadana

Sulkalabhansarahi ta

sarkarl khazanagrha in Ben-

CJ5

ex-dividend ex-factory price expansion expected return expenditure expense account explicit rent exploitation exportextensive cultivation external debt

karakhana qimata/dama fPbrr /

STfJTitSFT y

^ ’JRTSTTR / 'Tr?T

wsuR ffq- arrsT^oT

vistarapratyasita pra tiphala vyaya, kharca kharca khfita vyakta lagana/bhara sosana niryatabhupradhana krsi bahya rna

niriksita pratiphala in Kan.

•extrapolation face value factor fair price family wage

bahirveSana ankita mulya karakanyayocita qimata/damaparivara /kupimba

mazaduri

«rfer iff? *>iw»

T.fee'feed-back feeder industry fertility fiat money fictitious asset

punarbharaija po§aka udyoga urvarata adeSa dravya kalpanika parisampatti/ •FT^rfini <tf8n*tfa/«nfe> 3asti

final consumption = ultimate consumption

final goods final product=

end product finance financial year financing finished goods fire insurance firm

antima upabhoga/ bhoga

antima mala/vastu6 antima utpada/utpanna

vittavitta varsa vittaposa^a taiygra mala/vastue agni blm3

fart

^4T.

19 Edu—3

I 32 4

weal measures Jfaed asset fixed deposit fixed income flat rate floating capita!floating debt^= unfunded

debtfloating population floor price fluid savings foliofoot loose industry forced labour forced saleforced savings=forced

frugalityforecasting foreign exchange forfeiture forgeryforward trading

TI'3PfWfcr d'liq ftsrc 'TfrtTVTfw/tnfW

fFR *TPT •H^TFT

fa{y <f^d

rajakosiya updya sthira parisampatti/asti savadhi jama/nikjcpa sthira aya samana dara cara punji/muladhana nidhirahita r?a

cala janasahkhya nimnasima qlmata/dama

W»TR ariszr

03

anivista bacaiaT.svacchanda udyoga begdrabadhya bikri badhya bacaia

purvanumana vide^iya vimimaya zabti jalasgzivayada vyapara

^ IH <t l^ftvnr<r «n'<R

free coinage free economy free goods

mukta jartkapa mukta arthavyavastha i= prakj-tidatta vastue 2. mukta vastue mukta bandar a bhaj-a; mala saAgharsajanita bekdri vetanetara hitalabha

4

1 •2.

^T?T j

avaruddha parisampatti/ arar^j qf^qf^r/anf^T asti

free port freightfrictional imemplo^nnent fringe benefits frozen asset

punja rozagara/niyojana ^qfqiqTqrrqr

udyoga for ‘employment’ in Kan.full employment functionalization fundfunded debt = fixed debtfutures marketgamgainful occupation galloping inflation general acceptance general agent general strike geographical mobility geometrical progression gestation period

prakriyakarananidhi w»fafifnidhibaddha j-pa bhavl Itazara miniafa arthakari Vftti druta mudrasphiti samanya svikrti

fqfmrs vrmt ittrYTTSiT

ulbapam for ‘inflation’ in Tel.

T.sarvatrika haj-atala bhaugolika gati^ilata

guiiottara ^re4hi prakphalana kala

ipittrrsnwn

20

CO

«

f

guaranteeguildhandicapped worker handicraft hard currency hard loan head tax=poll tax heavy industry hedging hedonism heterogeneous

manufacture hidden inflation

T. JTTT^3renlvikalaiiga karml

hastaSbilpa, kalakau^ala durlabh karensl /mudra

durvaha karza prativyakti kara

bharl udyoga »rr^t Te>rT.sukhavadabahuvidha nirmaria/ taiyarlpracchanna mudrasphiti

ucca /adhika aya-samuha posaka pradeia bhiira kraya/kharlda jamakhori Sutradhiiri kampanl

homogeneous manufacture samarupi nirmana/taiyarl

ksaitija gati^lata

ulbanam for ‘inflation* in Tel.

tnnFft bmW/^Rt

high income group hinterland hire purchase hoarding holding company

horizontal mobility human capital

•Ufa'*manava puflji/

muladhana atimudrasphltihyper-inflation affd^aWlfir ulbanam for ‘inflation* in Tel.

4I 3a

hypothecation idle capacity illegal strike imbalance immediate annuity immigration immovable property Impact of tax imperfect competition impetus import impostimpulse purchase imputed income incentiveincentive wage system

mala-bandhana niskriya kaamata vidhiviruddha haratala asantulana tatk$ai?a var$iki Spravasasthavara sampatti kara-badhyata apurpa pratiyogita protsahana

ayata mahasula avegika kraya aropita aya protsahanaprerasjatmaka masadurl

paddhati karabhara

fMww snrm

arnww

srfhiOfT^iJTtWT^T

3ve^a kraya in Mai.aJTTtfafl UTX

dwwmF ,T3f«

incidence of tax VT-'tTT

varumanam in Kan., Tel|aya ainrincome tax Syakara

vardhamana pratiphala vrddhi; vetanavrddhi rflagrastataksatipurti, ksatipuraija qararabaddha ^ramika,

giramitiya sQcakarika udasinata de^iya manga}

sthaniya manga apratyakfia kara utpreraija audyogikarana udyoga adak$ata lacakahlnata aya asamanata

mrtyudara iisu udyoga purija lacaka

increasing returns increment indebtedness indemnity indentured labour

'srfo’jfa,

index number indifference indigenous demand

I saraupayoga in Ben.'O'.l

»rnr,-

indirect taxinducementindustrializationindustryinefficiencyinelasticityinequality of incomes infantile mortality infant industry infinite elasticity=

perfect elasticityinflation inflationary gap infrastructure

'J^Tt7T

^T^^RTTanrmT^T

ftr?r5T^i?

sphitisphlti antarala adharika gajhana

ulbanam in Tel.

I 2 % 4

inland tradeinnovationinputinsolvencyinstabilityinstalmentinstitutional economics insurance intangible asset.

antardesiya vyaparanavxna prakriyHnivi^jidivalaasthiratakiitasamsthanika arthasastra bima jft*nr

toamurta parisampatti/ apjtf 'TfwT^r/arrbRTasti

integrated plant intensive cultivation inter-connected companies

in ter-corporate dividend interest

ekikrta planta gahana kheti an tara -sambandhi ta

kampaniyaantaranigama labhania byaja, suda

*TtpT •idl

baddf in Kan., Td.

inte r-go ve mmen tal borrowing

interim bonus intermediary

antar-sarkari n?agrahai?a «s«nri[«r

antarima bonasa madhyaga

atdf<*T*TW*T

intermediate goods internal consumption

madhyavarti vastufcde&ya upabhoga/bhoga,

de&ya khapata antarrastriya vyapara hastaks^paantar-planja pra^iksana vastava mulya malasuci, T. viniyoga, viniyojana vinyoga gunaka adrsya ayata bijaka, T.apratideya dibencara samana lagata/vyaya

vakrasamotpada vakranirgamita punji/

muladhana bhramana&la karml jaba viglesaija jaba karyasamyukta tatha prthak deyatasamyukta parivar/ kutumba

international tradeinterventionintra-plant trainingintrinsic valueinventoryinvestmentinvestment multiplierinvisible importsinvoiceirredeemable debenture isocost curves

siri'TK

win (d

tnrnr ^f>

sarukupa^i in Kan., Tam., Tel. u

boproduct curves issued capital fa*!fad

itenerant worker job analysis job workjoint and several liability

fd 5 H ^ ul

joint family

I 2 3 4

joint stock company saipyukta punji/ mQladhana kampanl mula udyoga nilami qlmata/dama takaniki janakarl, tan-

trajftanaSrama; $ramika ’Sramapradhana udyoga

sramalaghukari sadhana ^rama kalya^a/ksema w ??7m/w»T abandhatg ahastaksepa niti bhumibhu -sampatti zamindara bhsmi iud/tara bhQ-rajasva paucdari brhat udyoga

antarhita puflji/ mijladhana

key industry knock-down price know-how

labc urlabour-intensive industry labour-saving device labour welfare laisstz faire laissez faire policy landlanded property landlord land reforms land revenue land tenure large scale industry latent capital

«pt; ■stfirer ’smunr' stfbr

K3OJ

snracTt

’q-TTW

lay-offleading indicatorleaseledgerleg?l tenderlenderless-developed economy

•rjr, ^ WTrTT^ #W *TffT ^T^TcTT

T.pradhana sucaka pafjav T. khatabahl vaidha mudra f^adata

alpavikasita arthavya- vastha

levy liability life insurance light industry lightning strike limited company limited legal tender limited liability liquid asset

T.

f5Tf*T^r?rdVr?r ^ W

qfT^rrfn/arTfR!

deyata, dayitva jivana bima halka udyoga tatkala haj-atalaT.slmita vaidha mudra slmita deyata tarala parisampatti/

asti

'drn'JTT'rTcTttTfTT,

U'TWIrf•a

gfthrpf

parisamapana taralata, nagadatva taralata anupata suci qimata/dama jivika

liquidation liquidity liquidity ratio list price livelihood

1 324

loan karzarnayogya nidhi sthaniyakarana talabandi, T. dlrghakalika data hani, nasjam alpa-aya varga

»dlasa vastue samasti artha^astra rozagarartha karya (Jakapresa vyapara anuraksana prabhara apasamayojana apavitarana apacara prabandha, T.

loanable fund localization lock-out long rate

wr*n

pfir,

»T^^»qrrncJTRR

Wrr

*t^(T^faPT

losslow-income group

luxury goodsImacroeconomicsnlade workmail order businessmaintenance chargesmaladjustmentmaldistributionmalpracticemanagementmanagermanaging directorman-daymanifest

R. of‘income’ in Kan., Tel.

8

nirvahana in Kan.f Tel.T.T.£rama-divasavahanapatra

janaSakti, manavas" akti

iatlrika ^rama nirmaga, taiyarl simanta, upanta, pranta simanta agama dara hrasana bSz^r, T. vipagana dara vardhana vipula utpidana

arnffpr, *rrrnff^mani power

manual labourmanufacturemarginmarginal revenuemark-downmarketmarketingmark-upmass productions How

production materialism material welfare maternity benefits mature economy mechanization

Pf'rfor,

«lHiq 3TT*nT TT IfTtR*rnrn, ^rnife firr^r

8bhautikavada bhautika kalyaga/ksema prasuti hitalabha paripakva arthavyavastha yantrfkaraga yintriklkaraga in Mar.

madhyasthata bfhatsvamya

memorandum of association sainsthapana pralekavagijyavada vagikvagik baiftkara

mediationmegapoly

mercantilism merchant merchant banker

vastuvySpSrl in Mar.for

I 2 3 4

vilayanagupakramaftkana dhatu mudra paddhati adhyayana vyasji arthaSastra madhya varga madhyama aya varga bichauliya, madhyaga pravasana, sthanantarapa srwr, nyunatanxa mazadurf

fakasalajaftkapakarya; jarikapa

iulkami^rita arthavyavastha gatl^lata, calisputa

' sadhana-yojana adhunikikarana dravya, mudra, dhana ekadhatumana ekadhikara, ekaSvamya ekakreta bazara

mergermerit ratingmetallic moneymethods studymicroeconomicsmiddle classmiddle-income groupmiddlemanmigrationminimum wagemintmintage

UT^ ffJfl

itezpt tmr R. of'income* in Kan., Tel.

WnTT?K«T

4^i°l vnt,

mixed economymobilitymobilizationmodernizationmoneymonometallismmonopolymonopsony g^RfT SFTOTT

ekalohamanam in Tel.

moratorium mortality mortgage mortgagee mortgagor motion study movable property multiple exchange rate multiplier multipoint tax multipurpose cooperative

societymultishift system municipal tax narrow market nascent industry national income nationalization natural order near-full employment

adhisthagana, T. mj-tyudara bandhaka bandhakagrahi bandhakadata gati adhyayana asthavara sampatti bahuvinirraya data gunakabahustara kara bahulaksi sahakarf/

sahayogi samiti bahuparl/pali pranali nagarapalika kara sarikucita bazara navajata udyoga rastrlya aya rastrlyakarana prakrtika vyavastha pumavat rozagara/

niyojana ava^yakatae parakramyata

qiPPUfljt

qfir ourr- wptpr: ?rq1^f

Sf'TKt/qrtfV srmfftafTT

qrtR'T'T^TRT

str jatlya for ‘national in Ben., Ori ,and Tel.jatlyakarana in Ben., Ori^and Tel.

yft>rdt>

accessariesnegotiability TrTTR^TT

i 2 3 4

negotiated price net worth *nfw, iwrtf tn%

sahamata qimata/dama nivala sampatti, yatha-

rtha Sampattipradhikrta puftji/

muladhananominal cost=money cost mudra lagata/vyaya/

^pharcanamamatra kharca kf-sltara aya anirdharya aya baihkarahita %:hazana

nominal capital

>TIT HI«ld

nominal expenditure non-agricultural income non-assessable Licome

fnrtdT Wld vfaafa' srnr

^rsrnTTnon-bank treasury non -cumulative preference asaftcayl prefarensa

share SeyaraV|ddhirahita/byajarahita vfiixfiRIatwify* ftTrTVfd

pratibhuti anivasl

non-interest bearing security

non-resident non-scheduled bank non-union shop non-working dependent no-rent land normal demand notified area

ST'T’nJf^'rT ^ananusucita baihk sapghetara karma^ala anarjaka agrita adhige§arahita bhumi svabhavika mathga adhisijcita ksetra

srbr

kantaka kara vastunistha praticayana apracalana pattedarij dakhala

occupational stratification vrttigata starikarana occupational tax= callings vrtti kara

cungl

nuisance tax objective sampling obsolescence

¥ffTc

occupancy

taxoctroiofferofftakeoligopolyoncost

T.samagra kraya, uthava ?rJTtralpadhikara, alpasvamya atFrrfn^p:,

^rfWR? /sirir/tjr#uparilagata/vyaya/kharca

durvaha vastu?"coto

onerous goods open door policy open economy- open general licence opening price

opening stock open tender

operating cost

muktadvara niti khuli arthavyavasthsi mukta sadharana laisensa

prarambhika qlmata/ dama

prarambhika malamukta nivida, khula

tendara pracalana lagata/vyaya/

^charcavjkalpa lagata/vyaya/ ftr^r *rm/wr/zrf

Ipharcaopportunity cost —alternative cost

3 42I

anukulatama, isjatama adesa caika sadharana seyara sangathana sangathita sramika adambarapurna vyaya/

kharcabahiranga sahaya parivyaya dukana bekari bhatta nirgatautpadana matra samagra ghafa atipufljikarana atipurna rozagara/

niyojana uparilagata/vyaya/

kharcaparasparavyapi p?riya/ Trfwf/'nfir^TTpaliy^

optimum order cheque ordinary share organization organized labour ostentatious expenditure

3rT^X(T dhanadesa for ‘cheque’ in Mar.?ny K°r spr

•rftsp?out-door reliefoutlayoutletout-of-work benefitsoutputoutturnover-all deficitover-capitalizationover-full employment

03rf-

^rft ’RnfWMd

•dcHK't

*nnr wrzi

overhead

overlapping shifts

ati-utpadana videSagata arjana ativikritaatikararoparia, atikara-

dhana

3?f?T3T^T

over-production4overseas earnmgs

oversoldover-taxation

aftTOrnpr

cttwt, ^nftwnT

T.overtime (pay) over-valued currency ownership

atimulya mudra/karensi svamitva, svamya,

malikanapaikeja karyakrama ada puflji/muladhana kagazl mudra mula kampani samata qimata/dama bhagidara, sajhedara an^akalika rozagara/

niyojana Samamulya

anrr vsfr/imu^

?nT?n i^Hd/yrv wftrn:,srpmf^T TtaPitr/f^nitapi

package programme paid-up capital paper currency parent company parity price partnerpart-time employment

CJI

par value patentpayer

T.adata, prapaka,

panevalaadayagi, bhugatana vyastatama kala bhumidhara krsaka

*n?TdT, MIV+^ 'TT*f'■fltTT

payment peak level peasant proprietor

I 2 3 4

Peggingperfect competition

*periodicityperishable commodity permanent settlement permitperpetual debenture perquisitespersonnel managementphysiocracypicketingpiece wagepilot project

adhibandhana purna pratiyogitft/

spardhaavadhikatii sighranasl vastu cirasthayi bandobasta

jrPrtftfT-Tt/^raf

"ftEPTRfr ^=5 lift

Trfrrj

^■arrrt

TfVTfjjRT

T.cirasthayi diliencara anulabha

karmacari vyavasthapana prakrtitantravada dharanakaryanusara mazaduri pathapradar^aka

pariyojana sthapana, karyadanayojanabaddha arthavya-

vasthapunarviniyojana dhanikatantra

point-to-point adjustment bindu-bindu samayo-jana

wei

placement planned economy

ploughing back (of funds) plutocracy

poll tax=head taxpolypolypool systempopulationpopulation explosionpossessionpostingpotentialitypreferencepremiumprestige goodspriceprice control price spread=mark up pricing out primary product

vyakti karabahuvikretadhikarapula pranalljanasankhyiijanasarikhya visphotaqabziikhatiyanasakyataadhimana

srffawftnin;

•jT'T'tTS^T

ITtfWTT.pratistha vastue qlmata, dama

yfiiwsiTTn'

qlmata/dama niyantrana qimata/dama vistara

CO

^Tfr/irntnispanyikaranaprathamika utpada/

utpannamula vyaya/lagataprime cost= first cost=:

basic costprincipal

priority industry private sector privilege tax

•nr

1. asaia, mula2. pradhana, malika, T. agrataprapta udyoga

i. sra^r, jj?t 2 smrq, nrf^R:, fsrtftq^T

T.visesadhikara kara

I Q 43

probability factorprocessingprocessingproducers’ cooperative product differentiation productionproductive expenditure

sambhavyata Ijarakapraptiprakramaijautpadaka sahakarl samiti utpada vibhedana

utpadanautpadanaSTla vyaya/

kharcautpadana^ila kala utpadana&lata labha

munafa^horlkramavardhamana karapariyojana, prakalpasarvahara, ^ramikavargavacanapravartakabachata pravanatasampattiprastavasvatvadhikara

37f«cT

productive life productivity

eaCO

•acsisi

profiteeringprogressive taxprojectproletariatpromisepromotorpropensity to savepropertyproposalproprietory rights

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W'tTWfarff^srrs yfdMlOTm/wErf

vlvaranapatrikasamrddhisamrakshana, rakshana sarakart rna rajakoaa lokavittasarvajanik sampatti

prospectus prosperity protection public debt public exchequer public finance public property public sector public utility service public works punitive tax purchase purchase tax purchasing power pure competition

qualityquality markingquantitative economicsquantityquasi moneyquasi rentquid pro quoquit rent

T.lokopayogi seva lokanirmana dandatmaka kara kraya, kharida kraya kara krayasaktivisuddha pratiyogita/spardhagunagunankana matrika arthasastra parimana mudrakalpa abhasi lagiina pratidana mukti lagana

£

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'rform

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I 2 3 4

quotation radical socialist random sampling rate war rationalization ra tioning raw material real earnings real estate realization real wage=actual rebate

dara, T. ugra samaiavadi yadrcchika praticayana dara yuddha suvinyasana

^ i

WPT ^3'TT^T?«rnR frq%

T.kacca mala yathartha uparjana sthavara sampatti vasflliyathartha mazaduri chuta, T.

4>-O

wage

receipt recession reciprocal trade recoveryrecurring expenditure redemption redemption yield refund

prapti, rasida susti, avamandana paraspara vyapara i. punarutthana 2. vasuli avarti vyaya/kharca praiidana pratidana prapti

vapasj

TTFR sqmi 1* 5^c«TR 2. 31Rtff

9f<RT-TStrfhf

V

regressive taxre-imbursementre-insuranceremittanceremunerationrenovationrentrental value rentierre-organization reparation repatriation replacement replacement cost

kramahrasamana karapratipurtipunarbimapresaiiaparisramikanavlkaranai. lagana. 2. kiraya, bharajamaband! mulyakirayabhogipunargathanayuddhaksa tipu ra napratyavasanabadala/badalipratisthapana lagata/ vyaya/kharchapratinidhi farma damita mudrasphitidamanatmaka kara iiikaravikhandana araksita nidhi, T. nyunatanra qlmata/dama jama-naqada anupata vibhava upayojana antarvi^rama

srf^frr

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i.^nrr^r 2. fjfiTrqTj mzr

■p

representative firm repressed inflation repressive tax repudiation rescission reserve reserve price reserve ratio resources utilization rest pause

StfafafV

°FT.

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ulbanam for ‘inflation in’ Tel.

432 'I

*nPT, ftrtsrsamyama, nirodha pra tibhandhavada pratibandhatnxaka

vyavahara khudara, cillara pratidharita labha pratidharana qimata/

damatithipurva bil-adayagl

pratiphala, pratidana. !• sfcTT^T, srfiKTT 2.2. vivarani

restraint restrictionism restrictive practices

wi’ftretailretained profits retention price

fd fa ^retirement of bill return 4^I. w

mulyapunahsthapana punarmulyana rajasva, T. davilprapya bonas pratisaxnharana, radda

karana

revalorizationrevaluationrevenuereversionary bonus revocation

rabari in Tel.cnrorr-M

firfnmiij fifbnr/^nT

sn^ff 'rrft/'TT^t

parikraml nidhi anamya qimata/dama jokhimapratidvandvi sangha avartl parl/pall

revolving fund rigid price riskrival union rotating shift

royaltyrunaway inflation rural economy safety factor salary salesalesmanshipsales taxsalvagesamplesatiationsatisfactionsaturationsaving potentialsavingsscarcityoea borne trade seasonal employment secondary arbitration secondary industries secondary strike secular trend secured loan Security

T., svatvadhana atimudrasphltigrama arthavyavastha suraksa karaka vetanavikraya, bikrivikrayakalavikraya karanistaranamuna, T.samtrptitu§ficarama slma bacata/saricaya ^akyata bacata durlabhata

ulbanam for ‘inflation* in Tel.

br^TR -TW, tfw

5^«hr?

WRT

samudravahita vyapara mausami rozagara/niyojana dvitiyaka vivacana dvitlyaka udyoga samarthaka haratala dlrghakalika upanati raksita karzai. pratibhuti 2. zamanata 3. suraksa

1. srfiprRr 2. 3.

bhadrata, ham! in Tam., Tel.

1 2 3 4

sedentary occupation selective credit control

asanastha vrtti cayanatmaka udhara/ rna niyantrana

apana rozagara, atinani -self-employmentyojana

svayam vittaposanaatmasamyama, atmaniro- arrcwnr, aTR^Pr^m

dhaatmanirbharata apavikrayai ardhasthiiyl vastu5’ ardhanirmita vastu^ sevamQlaka upayogita

self-financingself-restraint

self-sufficiency sell outsemi-durable goods semi-finished goods service utility shareshareholder

shiftshifting of tax shipment shut down single point tax sinking fund

3TfcRfipfc?Tr

SfsJFTnfrardfirfinr

^TqtfinriT. 5TSTT^eyaradharaka

pari/pall, T, karabharantarana pota-ladana utpadanabandl ekastara kara

parisodhana nidhi

qrft /qr^ft, fstT?

’Tt^T-^Rl'T

gf^frsr^ firfu

dafa in Ben., Tel.

rav&na sar ku in Tel.

sit-down strike situation rent skillslab system (of taxation)slave economysleeping partnersliding scale tariffslow-downslumpsmugglingsocial insurancesocialismsocialist economy

hazira haratala avasthana kiraya/lagiina pat utilkhan^a paddhati dasa arthavyavastha niskriya sajhedara visarpF pra^ulka karyamandana carama mandi taskarlsamajika blma samajavadasamajavadl arthavyavas-

thasamajika suraksha sulabha karza bhusamaraksaria bhu-kshararta ekamatra vyapari ^odhanakaama ta vise§a aharana adhikara, T. fsnita tV qnt

vi§e§yata, vi§e$Ikarai>a parimananusara Sulka satta

<rswr

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*RT

trprrfsr^ ^t»rr

01

social security soft loan soil conservation soil erosion sole trader solvencySpecial Drawing Rights

(SDR)specialization specific duty- speculation

tmnfvw; fT5rr

tr^n^ arnmft

<rfT*rmR?riT to

432I

sajjabaza, phatakabaza khan^ita pari/pali hazira bhava/dama sphurana adhisankucana sthirata

<Trft/>TTWt ^rftn: *rr^/7m

fFTtsn

speculator split shift spot price spurt squeeze stability stabilizer staggering shifts

sthiraka, sthiratakaraka fw <,<*>, parasparavyapi pariya/ paliyamanakikarana udyata niyantraija rajakiya puhjivada

<7>standardization stand-by controls state capitalism state enterprise state trading corporation stationary population statisticsstep system (of taxation) sopana paddhati

vikreya mala

rajakiya udyama rajakiya vyapara nigama «rnrn: fa^rcsthira janasahkhya saiikhyiki; ankre

^ft’TprJTI5T

wfcrau vrIawstock-in-trade stop price strategic materials

ksatirodha bhava/dama samarika samagri

stratified sample strike ballot

starita partidarsa Kara tala matadana

5Tfd<?*T

«r^>TTt^ftcr 3qf3r*U'»R

structural unemployment sangathanika bekari sub-division of holdings subrogation sub-salesubscribed capital subscription subsidiary company subsidysubsistence economy substitution

jota upavibhajana pratyasana upavikraya abhideya punji/muladhana 'rsfV/^nqabhidana; canda adhina kampani artha sahaya nirvaha arthavyavastha pratisthapana, bada9i sahayatartha anudana uttaradhikara sulka

yy 'W 4 ty?

sftrwnpT, 4i.

subvention succession duty sumptuary tax sunk capital super profit super tax (=sur-tax) supplementary budget supplysupport price suppressed inflation

vyaya-niyantraka kara . nibaddha punji/muladhana

atilabha adhikara puraka bajata purti, T.sahaya ka bhava/dama

niruddha mudrasphlti

srfsRTT

Win?* vm/zrsrPit4 Htfl ftifd

jugana in Ben.

ulbanam for ‘inflation’ in Tel.

I 3 42

surchargesurety

adhibhara pratibhu, zamina,

zamindara adhiSesasamarpana mulya adhikara uttarajlvl varsikl ucanta khata, nilambana

khatasosaka vyapara sahayaka pari/pali miSradhatumana sramadhipatya al)hisad, T. nivala vetana utthana avastha murta parisampatti/asti sithilatai. praSulka, T. 2. dara-

suciuddista karya

srfsrffp:

surplussurrender value surtaxsurvivorship annuity suspense account

arfOTN-

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sweated trade swing shift symmetallism syndicalism syndicate take-home pay take-off stage tangible asset tardiness tariff

CO

migralobainanam in Tel,

2.

task work

tax karakararopanakara-pariharakarabodhakaradana vilambitakaravaficanakaravaka§akaradatapraudyogavid tantra praudyogatmaka bekari

^ taxation trlcu tax avoidancec| tax consciousness ^ tax delinquency

tax evasion tax holiday taxpayer technocracy technological un­

employment technology tender tenure term loan territorial division

of labour testhand textile industry threshold worker thrift tied loantight money (=dear

money)

frrsfta

tvJTtT

sfkfprf^ ?rar

pra udyoga vidy a T., nividiii. patta 2. karyakala miyadf karza bhugolika Srama-

vibhajana pariksanakarmi vastra udyoga

navakarmi mitsvyayaSartabaddha karza/rna durlabha mudra

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padiakara tana-bhara vyipara vyapara chakra ^ramika sangha, ma^hlra VM, '♦n^ n'a

sahghaprasiksana tatha utpndaaa kendra

sauda; lenadcua j vyavahara

antaraua, baibh* liastuutara upavjana alpasthayi vastuc parivahana vyapara parivahana; savari,

valiana

t imcdcposit time lag time utility time wage token money toll tax tonnage trade trade cycle trade union

virvan el •.^I’UC '■UTiv ’FT* cio

SjfTRM ^I’TT ■'3cftr?Ttraining-cum-production centre

transaction

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khazana, kosagara adhikaranavastu mazadurl pratha nyasa, T. nyasTpratha

I •iT,arfaf-Tor

nrrfl,5*mftsr*n

arm

?>TTT

treasury tribunal truck system trusttrusteeship turn-key job turnover turnover tax

T.avartapanyavarta kara sartabaddha qarara

antima upabhoga 'bhogatying agreement ultimate consumption

(=final consumption) unabsorbed profit \mbalanced growth under- cap i ta 1 iza t ion

R, of‘'consumption' in Ben.. Kan.

anavasosita labha asantulita samvrddhi .avapubjlkarana

under-developed economy avavikasita arthavya-vasthii

i tftfacT

arTft+ffnr 3w®r<rc«rr

o>

apurna rozagara/niyejana ar^r frT^rR/f^nf^5R, kama anurnana i. T. 2. vacanadana

imder -employ-men t unner-estimate tuxdcrtakiiig

under-valuation underwriting undistributed profit unearned income

w srpmr1.

2.aramm ^(ifrarcr, arfeafcr irpR "MfeT 3fiar

adiiomulyana hamidiin, T. avitarita liibha anarjita aya

431 2

3r*TTf*pfr, 3TcTnni\' <1,

fafarf^r

anarthika, alabhakara bcrozagarl, bekarl anucita srama-vyavahara nidhirahita r?a

v-Ricconomicyncmploynient unfair labour practices unfunded debt

floating debt) nionism unit

nirudyogita in Kan., Tel-

saiighavada1. ekaka, ekansa2. ikal, ekamana3. ekaprama^a

1.2.3.

5TTJ

^fi, <^4^1 <

C.1unit trustunlimited liabilityunproductive expenditureunskilled laboururbanizationusageusanceuser cost

T. n

aslmita deyata anutpadaka vyaya apatu sramika nagarikarana rurhi, vyavahara avadhiyantravyavahara lagata/

kliarca sudaljthorl upayogitavada upayogita

usuryutilitarianismutility S'nftf’RTT

utopian socialismvaluationvaluevariable cost

kalpanaloklya samajavada mulyana, mulyankana mulyaparivartan^ila lagata/ ^liarca, pracalana lagata/^harca vega vikretaurdhva gatisilata dj-iya ayatavrttimulaka pras-

iksanaparimanasvaicchika vivacana matadhikari seyara jahazi yatrii mazadurl mazadura vetan vrddhirodha mazadurijanya sphlti bizFavasyakata, vancha godama

velocityvendorvertical mobility visible imports vocational training

f^TTflfdtflHdi

uniTcf^frnjranif stffrepr

volumevoluntary arbitration voting share voyage wagewage earner wage freeze wage-push inflation wager wantwarehouse

'TfOTiTfjr^T^T

03

irrarjrrsrt

efVfdvrfrur-srs^^TT, srisr

*it»rr»T

■*

ulba^am for ‘inflation’ in Tel

X-

3 4i 2

asvasti, T apasesaksiyamfina parisam- »rfto'*ncT HfwffcT/cnf^ patii/asti margapatraka

arthopaya .' thiu dhana, sampatt i bhara, vazana, foJa., vata

ghajasulka ghatapala thokapurtiakalika roza- i&mxlfatfr&lgara/niyojana

avaidha haratala apratyasita samapanakaryasila punji/ muladhana

srainika varga, sramika sreni

warranty v.’astc product wasting asset

f^rfcT 'W, ^T'TftTvtr<( hTJ

waybillways and means positionwealthweight

Oi4*wharfage

wharfingerwholesalewhole-time employment

paikari in Asm,, Hen., Ori.nbR-

wild-cat strike windfall winding-up working capital

rprqrftrcr

working class

sfTij •rfrfafakarya paristhiti karyacalana kharca/ snc^vnr 3^/«*nT

working conditions working expenses

vyayakarya samaya calu kama

+tjiworking hours work-in-progress work load workmanship

karyabharakarigari, karma kau- WTihlff,sal a

^fJT^r iTf^fcT ^RJJPTT, ^45VT?n,

sramika ksatipurti karakhana, karma-sala* T.

karya adhyayana hrasita mulya

workmen’s compensation workshop

^I!i WWTwork-study wriUen-dowu value Oi

Ol

APPENDIX 1

PRINCIPLES FOR EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY APPRO­VED BY THE STANDING COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC

AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY

1. ‘International’ terms should be adopted in their current En­glish forms, as far as possible, and transliterated in Hindi and other Indian Languages according to their genius. The following should be taken as examples of international terms :—

(a) Terms based on proper names e.g., Marxism (Karl Marx), Braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Guillotin) gerrymander (Gerry) etc.;

(b) Words like telephone, licence, royalty, permit, tariffetc.

2. Conceptual terms should generally be translated.3. In the selection of Hindi equivalents simplicity, precision of

meaning and easy intelligibility should be borne in mind. Obscuran­tism and purism may be avoided.

4. The aim should be to achieve maximum possible identity in all Indian languages by selecting terms—

(a) common to as many of the regional languages as possible, and

(b) based on Sanskrit roots.

5. Indigenous terms, which have come into vogue in our langua­ges for4certain technical words of common use as tnrfor telegraph/tele­gram, JTfrsfa for continent, ^ for post etc. should be retained.

6. Such loan words from English, Portuguese, French, etc. as have gained wide currency in Indian languages should be retained e.g., ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe etc.

7. Transliteration of International terms into Devanagari Script :The transliteration of English terms should not be made so com­

plex as to necessitate the intrcduction of new signs and symbols in the present Devanagari characters. The Devanagari rendering of English terms should aim at maximum approximation to the standard English pronunciation with such modifications as are prevalent amon­gst the educated circle in India.

56

578. Gender :■—The International terms adopted in Hindi should

be used in the masculine gender, unless there were compelling reasons to the contrary.

9. Hybrid formation : Hybrid forms in technical terminologiese.g., for ‘guaranteed’, for classical, for‘codifier’, etc. are normal and natural linguistic phenomena and such forms may be adopted in practice keeping in view the requirements of technical terminology, viz., simplicity, utility and precision.

10. Sandhi and Samasa in technical terms : Complex forms olSandhi may be avoided and in cases of compound words, hyphen may be placed in between the two terms, because this would enable the users to have a more easy and quicker grasp of the word structure of the new terms. As regards in Sanskrit-based words, itwould be desirable to use ‘ in prevalent Sanskrit tatsamawords e.g., wpSTfor^ etc. but may be avoided in newlycoined words.

11- Halanta : Newly adopted terms should be correctly rendered with the use of ‘hal’ wherever necessary.

12 Use of Pancham Varna : The use of may be preferredin place of ' but in words like iens’,‘patent’etc., the trans­literation should be 3^, and not qt<r or

APPENDIX II

Seminar on PAN-INDIAN TERMINOLOGY held at Senate Hall, Central College, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560001 on 5th and 6th March, 1979 under the Chairmanship of Prof. H. L. Sharma, Adviser, Scientific and Technical TerminoIogy-cum-Director, Central Hindi Directorate, Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, . Government of India, New Delhi.

The seminar adopted the following resolution unanimously :

The seminar thanks Prof. H-L. Shrama, for his thought-provokine opening remarks and thanks the Vice-Chancellor Shri T.R. Jayara- man, for his inaugural address and Shri H.R. Dase Gowda, Director of Prasaranga, Bangalore University , for all the fine arrangements and amenities for the delegates.

The Seminar places on record its deep debt of gratitude for Dr.P. Gopal Sharma, Director, Central Hindi Institute, Agra, Shri K.R. Sharma, Joint Director, Central Translation Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, for their working papers. 'The Seminar has discussed the working papers in the light of the address initiated by Dr. Somayaji and papers read by Dr.^Radha Krishna of Andhra Telugu Academy and Mr. Kanthi Rao, Director of Trans­lation, Karnataka and the useful contributions made by other learned delegates from various States. The seminar having carefully dered all the aspects of the subject on Pan Indian Terminology in respect of : (1) Physical Sciences, (2) Biological Sciences, and (3) Social Sciences and Humanities and noting the fundamental charac­teristic of our National culture namely, unity in diversity, adepts the following resolutions :

consi-

1. IT IS RESOLVED THAT THERE IS A PRESSING NECES­SITY IN VIEW OF THE NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE, TO EVO­LVE A PAN INDIAN TERMINOLOGY IN THE ABOVE THREE BRANCHES AHD NOTING THE BASIC FACT THAT IT IS A NATIONAL PROBLEM IT WAS FURTHER RESOLVED THAT THIS PROJECT HAS TO BE ORGANISED COORDINA­TED AND TRANSLATED INTO ACTION AND WHOLLY FIN­ANCED BY THE CENTRAL GOVT.

2. THE SEMINAR HAVING NOTICED THAT THERE IS ALREADY A BASE IN THE VARIOUS REGIONAL LANGUA­GES IN RESPECT OF THE TERMINOLOGY IMPRESSES ON

59

AND EXHORTS THE COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY, NEW DELHI, TO TAKE IMME­DIATE AND EFFECTIVE STEPS TO :

(i) IDENTIFY AND LOCATE THE VARIOUS EXPERTS IN THE DIVERSE SUBJECTS AND LANGUAGES IN THE VARIOUS STATES, AND IN SUCH NUM­BERS AS NECESSARY AMONG THEIR OWN EM­PLOYEES AND STAFF ;

(ii) ARRANGE SEMINARS, DISCUSSIONS AND OTHER MEETINGS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE CO­UNTRY POOLING THE SCHOLARS IN VARIOUS REGIONAL LANGUAGES TO ENABLE IT TO EVOLVE A UNIFORM PAN INDIAN TERMINOLO­GY.

3. THE SEMINAR DEEPLY CONCERNED ABOUT THE URGENCY OF THE PROBLEM AND THE DEPTH OF THE STUDY AND WORK. THAT THE PROJECT INVOLVES, UR­GES THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO REVAMP AND STRENGTHEN THE COMMISSION AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY WITH SUFFICIENT STAFF AND MANPOWER GIVING DUE REPRESENTATION TO ALL THE STATES AND ALL THE REGIONAL LANGUA­GES.

4. THE SEMINAR VIEWS WITH CONCERN THAT IN SOME STATES THERE IS NO CENTRAL COORDINATING BODY TO COLLECT, COLLATE AND PUBLISH SUCH TERMINOLOGY AND IT IS A GREAT LACUNA. IT IMPRESSES ON STATE GOVERNMENTS TO ADOPT MEASURES AND TAKE SUCH OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE STEPS TO CONSTITUTE SUCH A BODY WITH A STRONG PERSONNEL IMMEDIATELY CON­SIDERING THE ALL INDIA IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT.

5. THE SEMINAR RECOMMENDS TO THE STATE GOV­ERNMENTS THAT WORKING GROUPS SHOULD BE SET UP IN EVERY STATE, UNDER THE COORDINATION OF A CEN­TRAL AGENCY AND TFIE WORKING GROUPS SHOULD bE CONSTITUTED SUBJECTWISE AND BROAD FIELD WISE AND THESE SHOULD WORK IN CO-OPERATION WITH THE STATE AGENCIES WHEREVER THEY EXIST.

FOR SCIENTIFIC

APPENDIX UIList of Scholars who participated in the Pan-Indian TerminologyWorkshops in Economics and Commerce held at Nagpur (1980)Mysore (1981) and Aurangabad (1982)SUBJECT EXPERTSAlam, Dr. Khurshid, Head of the Deptt. of Economics, Gauhati

University, Gauhati.Andhare, Shri V. N. Director, Maharashtra Universities

Production Board, Nagpur.Aziz, Dr. B. K. Abdul, Professor of Economics, Guruvavurappan

College, Calicut.Das, Dr. Surya Kama, Professor of Commerce, Utkal University,

Bhubaneswar.Iyengar, Shri H. S. Krishnaswamy, Humanities Editor, Institute of

Kannada Studies, Mysore.Mohan, Dr. T. C., Head ot the Deptt. of Economics, Annamalai

University, Annamalainagar.Murthy, Dr. A. R. K., Research Officer (Economics), Telugu Aca-

demi, Hyderabad.Rattan, Dr. M. S., Assistant Editor, Punjab State University Text Book

Board, Chandigarh.Sen, Dr. Raj Kumar, Deptt. of Economics, Rabindra Bharati Univer­

sity, Calcutta.Thakur, Shri Anjani Kumar, Gauhati Commerce College, Gauhati.Ukhalkar, Shri A. S., Professor of Commerce & Economics, G. S.'

College of Commerce & Economics, Nagpur.LINGUISTSBanerjee, Dr. S. R., Reader, Deptt. of Comparative Philology & Linguis­

tics, University of Calcutta, Calcutta.Bhatt, Shri K. P., Assistant Professor, Centre of Kannada Studies

Bangalore. *Goswami, Dr. A. K., Deptt. of Sanskrit, Gauhati University, Gauhati.Gurudatta, Shri Pradhan, Reader,

Mysore.Hari Shanker, Shri H. S., Lecturer, Institute of Kannada Studies

Mysore. *

Book

Institute of Kannada Studies,

6119 Edu.—7

62Radhakrishna, Dr. B., Deputy Director, Telugu Academi, Hyderabad. Sharma, Dr. P. Gopal, New Delhi.Thampan, Shri M. R., Research Officer, State Institute of Languages,

Trivandrum.

STAFF MEMBERSShri B. D. Pandya, Deputy Director.Shri D. N. Pandey, Research Assistant.Shri Arvind Ashdhir, Research Assistant.Kumari Kusum Bansal, Research Assistant.PUBLICATIONSh. P.N. Chandola, Asstt. Education Officer.Alok Vahi, Artist.

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A

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PRINT ED BY THE MANAGER, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PRESS, MINTO ROAD, NEW DELHI-110002.

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