5123_Download_M.Sc. Biochemistry Semester I and II.pdf

SVKM’s Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of Commerce & Economics (AUTONOMOUS)

Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s

MITHIBAI COLLEGE OF ARTS, CHAUHAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & AMRUTBEN

JIVANLAL COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS (AUTONOMOUS)

NAAC Reaccredited ‘A’ grade, CGPA: 3.57 (February 2016),

Granted under RUSA, FIST-DST & -Star College Scheme of DBT, Government of India,

Best College (2016-17), University of Mumbai

Affiliated to the

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Program: M.Sc. Biochemistry

Course: Advanced Bio-organic Chemistry-I

Semester I

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) with effect from the

Academic year 2020-2021


PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO’S)

On completion of the M.Sc- Biochemistry, the learners should be enriched with knowledge

and be able to-

PSO1: Gain in depth scientific knowledge in the wide-ranging fields as Cell biology, ,

Metabolism, Clinical & Diagnostic Biochemistry, Pharmacology , Endocrinology,

Genetics, Nutrition & Dietetics, Immunology, Enzymology, Genetic engineering,

Nanotechnology, Industrially useful biomolecules, Industrial biochemistry &

Biotechnology, Biostatistics, Bioinformatics.

PSO2: Describe and express the biochemical basis of human diseases, protein structure and

conformation, non-invasive diagnostics, biochemical pathway regulation and drug

development and its laboratory application

PSO3: Integrate and apply the techniques in Biophysics, Analytical biochemistry, Clinical

biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular biology and Basics in bioinformatics.

PSO4: Developments of analytical and cognitive skills in Biochemistry and allied sciences

that allow independent exploration of biological science through research methods.

PSO5: Appreciate the impact of biological sciences on society.

PSO6: Enrichment of skills for employability and entrepreneurship through academic,

research and internship opportunities

PSO7: Exposure to research through the research project.

PSO8: Acquire necessary knowledge and skills to undertake a career in research, industry

or in an academic set up.

Preamble

Biochemistry has progressed extensively in the last couple of decades. It now exemplifies as

an advanced ‘interdisciplinary’ life science branch that has a tremendous potential. This has

given it a separate status in fundamental research as well as in modern industrial enterprise. In

this century of research and industrialization for economic development and social change,

biochemistry is an ideal platform to work.

The M.Sc. Biochemistry syllabus has been designed keeping in mind the undergraduate

curriculum. At the undergraduate level, students were introduced to many fundamental

concepts in life sciences such as molecular biology, immunology, pathophysiology,

enzymology, fermentation technology, biodiversity, bioinformatics, analytical techniques and

nutrition and dietetics etc. At the post graduate level they will be exposed to the advanced

principles of biochemistry, genetics molecular and cell biology, endocrinology, pharmacology,

environmental biology, bioinformatics, biostatistics etc. along with technological advances and

applications of basic principles to successfully carry out research and industrial developments.

The present curriculum for M.Sc. Biochemistry has been prepared with the objective of

providing comprehensive knowledge of biochemistry. The curriculum lays greater emphasis

on recent advancement in techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology which enables

students to better understand core biochemistry and its offshoots such as bioinformatics.


It is envisioned that during this two year program, typical attributes of a competent science

postgraduate such as lateral thinking, scientific reasoning, and research/industry related skills

are nurtured.

Evaluation Pattern

The performance of the learner will be evaluated in two components. The first component will

be a Continuous Assessment with a weightage of 25% of total marks per course. The second

component will be a Semester end Examination with a weightage of 75% of the total marks

per course. The allocation of marks for the Continuous Assessment and Semester end

Examinations is as shown below:

a) Details of Continuous Assessment (CA)

25% of the total marks per course:

Continuous Assessment Details Marks

Component 1 (CA-1) Written test/MCQs/Presentation/Assignment 15 marks

Component 2 (CA-2) Written test/MCQs/Presentation/Assignment 10 marks

b) Details of Semester End Examination

75% of the total marks per course. Duration of examination will be two and half hours.

Question

Number

Description Marks Total Marks

Q.1 Attempt any two 5 10





Total Marks 50 Scale up to 75

Signature Signature Signature

HOD Approved by Vice –Principal Approved by Principal


Program: M.Sc. Biochemistry Semester: I

Course: Advanced Bio-organic Chemistry-I Course Code:

Teaching Scheme Evaluation Scheme

Lecture (Hours per

week)

Practical

(Hours per

week)

Tutori

al (Hours

per

week)

Credit

Continuous

Assessment (CA)

(Marks - 25)

Semester End

Examinations (SEE)

(Marks- 75

in Question Paper)

4 4 - 4+2 25 75

Learning Objectives: Origin of life and evolution are the two key processes help understand the make of

mankind. It gives an insight into journey of prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Keeping this as a base the syllabus covers

the theories of origin and evolution and the experiments to prove those along with biochemical organization of

the cell. Protein chemistry is a backbone of all the studies to name one as enzymology. It is of prime importance

to study the different levels of protein structure and understand the architecture and dynamic properties of folded

proteins. The current curriculum deals with the structural and functional and mechanical aspects of proteins and

enzymes. Membrane biochemistry elucidates the fundamentals of architecture of membrane which leads to

comprehend the functions of membrane performed in transmitting the signal for across the membrane.

Course Outcomes:

After completion of the course, learners would be able to:

CO1: Understand the outline of major theories underlying origin of life and transitions in evolution from

prokaryotes to eukaryotes

CO2: Explain the concept of energy, entopy, law of thermodynamics, cite examples and assess its importance to

living organisms.

CO3: Describe the primary function of the electron transport chain and also explain the location and organization

of its four different complexes.

CO4: Understand how energy is transferred during electron transport and explain the consequences of disrupting

electron transport via DNP, cyanide, and other electron transport uncouplers and inhibitors.

CO5: Describe/recognize amino acid structure and describe their physical and chemical properties and

comprehend primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure in proteins and identify the types of

interactions.

CO6: Comprehend structure, functions and the mechanisms of action of enzymes.

CO7: Learn kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions, wide applications of enzymes and enzyme inhibitory and

regulatory processes.

CO8: Understand how the biochemical and biophysical properties of membranes constituents contribute to the

structure and organization of membranes

CO9: Understand the basic principles of signal transduction mechanisms, in particular the concepts of response

specificity, signal amplitude and duration, signal integration and intracellular location

Outline of Syllabus: (per session plan)

Module Description No of Hours

1 Biochemical Basis of Evolution 15

2 Protein Chemistry 15

3 Enzymology 15

4 Membrane Biochemistry & Cell Signaling 15

Total 60


PRACTICALS


Unit Topic No. of

Hours/Cred

its

60/4

Module 1 Biochemical Basis of Evolution 15

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.1.5

1.1.6

1.1.7

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.2.4

Biochemical Basis of Evolution Theories of Evolution – Time scale and spontaneous origin of life.

Genesis of oxygen generating photosynthesis & aerobic respiration.

Methanogens – evolution of prokaryotes, protists & eukaryotes

Oparin’s Hypothesis, Miller Experiment, Smith’s Model, RNA first

model.

Theories regarding origin of mitochondria and chloroplast

Biogenesis of proteins and nucleic acid (Clay genes; RNA-first

hypothesis)

Evolutionary view of exon and intron domain relationships.

Biochemical organization of the cell

Cell & its organelles - structure & function

Intracellular compartments

Intracellular vesicular traffic

Cytoskeleton (Cadherins, desmosomes)

Module 2 Protein Chemistry 15

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.2

2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

2.3.6

2.4

2.4.1

2.4.2

Protein Chemistry

Polypeptide backbone

Covalent and non-covalent interactions,

End-group analysis by chemical and enzymatic methods

Chemical basis of protein purification & isolation

Architecture of folded proteins

Protein conformations- 10, 20, 30and 40structures,

Ramachandran Plot,

Structure-function relation of protein (Ex. Hemoglobin)

Turns, bends, Protein-Protein interaction (actin, tubulin), domains,

motifs; subunits, interfaces, Leucine zipper, Zinc finger, trans

membrane regions.

Chemical modification and cross-linking in proteins

Packing of side chains; Network of internal hydrogen bonds;

Disulphide and other cross- linkages

Dynamic properties and mechanisms of protein folding:

Folding pathways, molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins

Biosynthetic folding

Prion proteins and their role in neurodegenerative diseases.

Module 3 Enzymology 15


3.1

3.1.1

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.4

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.5

3.5.1

3.5.2

3.5.3

3.5.4

3.5.4.1

3.6

3.7

IUB/EC Enzymes classification

Active site identification and Conformation.

Laws of thermodynamics as applied to biological systems, enthalpy,

entropy, free energy, standard free energy

Numericals based on above concept

Thermodynamics of catalysis, energy activation, relation of ∆G

and Keq. Coupled reactions (endergonic and exergonic) in biochemical

pathways.

Michaelis-Menten Kinetics of monosubstrate enzyme reaction

LB Plot

Einsethal & Cornish Bowden Plots

Eadiee Hoftsee

Mechanism of Enzyme Action for Acid –Base Electrostatic &

Covalent Catalysis (Ex. Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase-A)

Factors affecting catalysis.

Metal, co-factor, and co-enzyme requirements

Enzyme Inhibition

Reversible- Competitive, Non-Competitive,

Uncompetitive, Partial, Mixed, Allosteric Irreversible and Feedback

Inhibition.

Enzyme inhibitors as drugs

Allosteric Enzymes-Kinetics,

Significance of Sigmoidal Behaviour, Role in Metabolic Regulation.

Iso-enzymes – separation and significance

Clinical Enzymology- Enzymes as therapeutic agents, diagnostic tools

and laboratory agents.

Module 4 Membrane Biochemistry & Cell Signaling 15

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.1.1

4.1.1.2

4.1.1.3

4.1.1.4

4.1.1.5

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4.1.4.1

4.1.4.2

4.1.4.3

4.1.4.4

4.1.4.5

4.1.4.6

Membrane Biochemistry Biological membrane;

Structure and assembly: constituents,

Bacterial cell envelope

Asymmetry flip flop,

Protein lipid interaction,

Factors affecting physical properties of membranes.

Specialized features like lipid rafts, caveolae and tight junctions.

Specialized mechanism for transport of macromolecules, gap junctions,

nuclear pores, toxins, control of transport processes, binding proteins,

hormone effects

Types and principles of transport mechanisms;

Role of Na, K ATPase

Na, K, Cl, voltage and ligand gated ion channels,

Types of ATP-dependent transporters.

Molecular mechanisms, ion translocating antibiotics, valinomycin,

gramicidin, ouabain, ionophores.

Disorders resulting from abnormalities in membrane structure and

functions like Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Overview of artificial membranes; Liposomes in Drug Delivery, Ghost

membrane in research


To develop scientific temper and interest by exposure through industrial visits and

study/educational tours is recommended in each semester

PRACTICAL I Colorimetry, Volumetry, Enzymology, Buffers and Microscopy

1. Estimation of:

a. Proteins by Bradford &Folin-Lowry methods

b. Amino acids by Ninhydrin method

c. Glucose by Anthrone&Folin-Wu methods.

d. Percentage Purity of Start from Starch Hydrolystate by Willstatter’s method.

2. Enzymology:

a. Amylase (Km, optimum pH, optimum temperature) from Sweet Potatoes.

3. Buffers and Microscopy:

a. pka values of Ala or Gly by Titration Curve

b. Microscopy: (Permanent Slides may be used)

i. Gram Staining

ii. Spores Staining

iii. Capsule Staining

iv. Acid Fast Staining

Suggested Readings

1. Bioenergetics (Fourth Edition), David G. Nicholls and Stuart Ferguson, Academic

Press, 2013.

2. Fundamentals of Enzymology, Price.NC. And Stevens. L., Oxford University Press

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.1.1

4.2.1.2

4.2.1.2

4.2.1.3

4.2.1.4

4.2.1.5

4.2.1.6

4.2.1.7

4.2.2

4.2.2.1

4.2.2.2

4.2.3

Cell Signaling

Classes of Cell Receptors

Modes of cell-cell signalling (endocrine, paracrine and autocrine)

Signalling molecules and their receptors.

Molecular Mechanism of Cell Signalling via G-protein linked Cell

Surface Receptors. (peptide hormones, growth factors, Eicosanoids)

Trimeric G-proteins and their regulatory mechanism; cAMP

Major Intracellular hormones:

Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, Vitamin D3 and retinoic acid.

Nitric oxide, neurotransmitters, plant hormones.

Role of Ca++ as an intracellular signal

Ca++ / Calmodulin dependent protein kinases

Pathways of intracellular signal transduction

cAMP, cGMP, Phospholipid and Ca.

Ras, Raf and MAP kinase pathways JAK/STAT pathway

Programmed Cell Death (apoptosis) involving onco-genes and tumor

suppressor genes


3. Enzymes- Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Clinical chemistry- Palmer, T., Affiliated

East-West press

4. Fundamentals of Enzyme Kinetics, Segel I H; Wiley Interscience,

5. Biochemical calculations, 2nd Edition by Irwin H. Segel. John Wiley & Sons,

6. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

7. Biochemistry. (4th Ed.). Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet – Publisher John Wiley & Sons.

8. Membranes and their cellular functions- IB Filnean, R. Coleman and R.H. Mitchell,

1984, Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 3rd ed.

9. Cell and Molecular Biology. D. P. De Robertis. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,

ISBN: 9788184734508, 8184734506 Edition: 8th Edition, 2010

10. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry 30th Edition that complies with legal requirement

11. Evolution and Diversity of life, E. Mayer Belknap Press Pub, 1976 2)

12. Population species and evolution (1973), E Mayer Press Pub

13. Orengo, C. A.; Michie, A. D.; Jones, S.; Jones, D. T.; Swindells, M. B.; Thornton, J.

M. (1997). "CATH--a hierarchic classification of protein domain structures".

Structure (London, England : 1993). 5 (8): 1093–1108. doi:10.1016/S0969-

2126(97)00260-8. PMID 9309224

14. Alberts, Bruce; Alexander Johnson; Julian Lewis; Martin Raff; Keith Roberts; Peter

Walters (2002). "The Shape and Structure of Proteins". Molecular Biology of the

Cell; Fourth Edition. New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.








Affiliated to the



Course: Advanced Instrumentation and Analytical Techniques

Semester I





Course: Advanced Instrumentation and Analytical Techniques Course Code:


Lecture (Hours per

week)

Practical

(Hours per

week)

Tutori

al (Hours

per

week)

Credit

Continuous

Assessment (CA)

(Marks - 25)

Semester End

Examinations (SEE)

(Marks- 75

in Question Paper)

4 4 - 4+2 25 75

Learning Objectives: Colligative properties are the base of physicochemical behavior of the solution. In this

curriculum colligative properties will be taken away by the learners in best possible way to understand the concept

behind it. Syllabus also covers the fundamental aspects of medical imaging instruments. Microscopes and

spectrophotometers. Thease are the devices used in research and analytical techniques like for eg. In diagnosis.

Hence it is important to understand the principles, working and applications of these advanced instruments.

Course Outcomes:


CO1: Describe a colligative property and explain the difference between the effects of nonelectrolytes and

electrolytes on colligative properties.

CO2: Understand the principle and applications of medical imaging instruments

CO3: Compare the relation between strengths of acids and bases

CO4: Make a buffer solution and define its properties

CO5: Describe the principles and applications of the different types of microscopy

CO6: Know the principles of utilizing radioactivity applied to biochemistry and related fields where

radioactivity is an integral part.

CO7: Explain use of spectroscopic methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis with special emphasis on

UV/Vis spectroscopy.

CO8: Explain principle, working and applications of advanced spectroscopes



1 Colligative properties 15

2 Acids, Bases & Buffers 15

3 Microscopy and Radioactive Techniques 15

4 Spectroscopic Techniques 15

Total 60

PRACTICALS


Unit Topic No. of

Hours/Cred

its

60/4

Module 1 Colligative Properties 15

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.1.1

1.2.1.2

1.2.1.3

1.2.1.4

1.2.1.5

1.2.1.6

Colligative Properties Definitions

Factors affecting

Measurement of and Physiological Applications of osmosis, osmotic

pressure, Osmoregulation, Adsorption, Colloids, Surface Tension and

Viscosity

Numerical Problems/application-based questions on above concepts

Medical Imaging

Introduction Principle and applications of:

CT Scan

MRI

PET

X ray

Ultrasound systems

Color flow imaging applications (Doppler)

Module 2 Acids, Base & Buffers 15

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.1.4

2.1.5

2.2

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.2.5

2.2.6

2.2.7

2.2.8

2.3

Acids Bases and Buffers Water-its structure and chemistry

Ionization, Dissociation, Acidity and Basicity

Theories of Acid and Bases,

Strength of Acids and Bases,

Acid-Base Equilibrium in Aqueous and Non-aqueous media.

pH

pH-dependent functions and structures of bio-molecules

Henderson –Hasselbach Equation and applications in the biological

system

Different methods for measurement of physiological pH-ABG

Analyzer.

Use of Indicators,

Titration curves of; acid-bases & amino acids

Buffers [Composition, function & applications (for research and

industrial use)]

Biologically important buffers

Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis; Buffering of blood.

Numerical problems based on the above concepts

Module 3 Microscopy and Radioactive Techniques 15


3.1

3.1.1

3.1.1.1

3.1.1.2

3.1.1.3

3.1.1.4

3.1.2

3.1.2.1

3.1.2.2

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

3.2.4.1

3.2.4.2

3.2.4.3

3.2.5

3.2.6

3.2.7

3.2.8

Microscopy

Basic principles, instrumentation and applications of:

Phase microscopy

Ultraviolet microscopy

Interference microscope

Fluorescence microscopy

Basic principles, instrumentation and applications of Electron

microscope-Scanning emission microscopy

transmission emission microscopy

Radioisotope Techniques

Radioactivity-types & nature

Radioactive decay (t1/2 and derivation)

Interaction of radioactivity with matter

Methods of measurement; Principle, advantages and disadvantages of:

GM Counter

Scintillation Counter

Pulse Height Analyser.

Isotope Dilution, Analysis,

Autoradiography,

Applications of Radioisotopes in Biological Science

Safety Measures in Handling Isotopes

Module 4 Spectroscopic Techniques 15

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4.1.5

4.1.6

4.1.7

4.1.8

Spectroscopic Techniques

Beer-Lamberts Law, its verifications, derivation and deviations

Concept of Absorption, Transmission, Scattering, Phosphorescence,

Fluorescence, Luminescence, Diffraction Spectra, and interpretation.

Infrared Spectra of common functional groups

Principle, Instrumentation, working, applications, advantages and

disadvantages of:

UV, Visible, IR Spectroscopy, Turbidometry and Nephlometry

Principle, Instrumentation, working, applications, advantages and

disadvantages of:

Spectrofluorometry, Flame Spectrophotometry, Atomic

Absorption Spectrometry, Luminometry, Fluorescence Spectra

Principle, applications, advantages and disadvantages of:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR),

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR),

Mass Spectrometry,

Mossbauer Spectroscopy,

Matrix Assisted LASER Desorption, Ionization, Time of Flight-Mass

Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS),

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS)

X-Ray Diffraction Spectra, Optical Rotatory Dispersion, (ORD),

Circular Dichroism (CD)

LASER- Principle, applications in Medicine and Biological Sciences




PRACTICAL II 1. Estimation of: (from blood/plasma/serum/urine)

i. Glucose by GOD-POD Method

ii. Triglycerides

iii. Cholesterol by Zak and Zaltsky Method

iv. Calcium (Ca) by Clark and Collip Method/ Trinder Method

v. Iron (Fe) by Dipyridyl Method

vi. Copper (Cu) by Dithiocarbonate Method

vii. Phosphorus (P) by Fiske- Subbaraow Method

Suggested Readings

1. Wilson K & Walker J – Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry. Cambridge

Low Price Edition

2. Frelfelder D- Physical Biochemistry

3. Skoog Douglas A – Principles of Instrumental Analysis Harcourt Brace publishers, London

4. Harvey David – Modern Analytical Chemistry, International edition, McGraw, Hill, Boston

5. Srivastava VK and Kishore K – Introduction to chromatography: Theory & Practice, S

Chand & Co, New Delhi

6. Holme David J – Problem solving in analytical biochemistry, H & Longman Sc. And

Tech, Essex

7. Upadhyaya et al – Biophysical Chemistry, Himalaya Publishing Home, New Delhi

8. Rodney Boyer Experimental Biochemistry Pearson Publ. Sawheny and Singh

9. Practical Biochemistry by David Plummer

10. Henry Richard et al – Clinical Chemistry, Principles and Techniques, 2nd edition, Harper

and Row, New York

11. Vasudevan Text Book of Medical Biochemistry

12. Voet&Voet – Biochemistry, 2nd edition

13. Chatterjee and RanaShinde Medical - Biochemistry








Affiliated to the



Course: Industrial Biochemistry and Bioinformatics – I

Semester I





Course: Industrial Biochemistry and Bioinfromatics-I Course Code:


Lecture (Hours per

week)

Practical

(Hours per

week)

Tutori

al (Hours

per

week)

Credit

Continuous

Assessment (CA)

(Marks - 25)

Semester End

Examinations (SEE)

(Marks- 75

in Question Paper)

4 4 - 4+2 25 75

Learning Objectives: In depth knowledge of bioprocess and fermentation technology would be helpful in

industrial application. Hence it is important subpart of the curriculum which deals with instrumentation,

processing and synthesis of some industrially important products. PTC and ATC are advanced techniques which

has wider horizon for research, agriculture and industries. Food is a prime object in the daily life. Hence it is

mandatory to gain knowledge on its spoilage and preservation methods. An another aspect of industrial

biochemistry is bioinformatics which deals with the applications of artificial intelligence in science to study the

structure, function relationship of biomolecules of life.

Course Outcomes:


CO1: Evaluate factors that contribute in enhancement of cell and product formation during fermentation process.

CO2: Differentiate the rheological changes during fermentation process and applications of fermentation

technology

CO3: Understand techniques of plant tissue culture and animal cell culture and their importance and application.

CO4: Discuss the significance of transgenesis with reference to animal models and applications of animal cloning

and gene therapy along with ethical concerns

CO5: Explain the mechanisms of spoilage and deterioration of foods and raw materials: microbial, chemical,

physical, biochemical, etc.

CO6: Explain the basic principles of food preservation processes

CO7: Explain the different meanings of the quality concept and its influence.

CO8: Describe, distinguish and use the several techniques and quality management tools and the role of

government and regulatory bodies in maintain quality.

CO9: Have knowledge and awareness of the basic principles and concepts of biology, computer science and

mathematics

CO10: Use existing software effectively to extract information from large databases and to use this information

in computer modeling



1 Bioprocess Technology & Fermentation 15

2 Technologies in Cell & Tissue Culture 15

3 Techniques in Food Preservation 15

4 Bioinformatics – I 15

Total 60

PRACTICALS


Unit Topic No. of

Hours/Cred

its

60/4

Module 1 Bioprocess Technology & Fermentation 15

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.1.5

1.1.6

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.2.4

1.2.5

1.2.6

1.2.6.1

1.2.6.2

1.2.6.3

1.2.6.4

1.2.6.5

Bioprocess Technology

Classification of reactors based on mode of operation, state of mixing

and energy input.

Types of Bioreactors;

Instrumentation of a typical fermenter;

Working, applications, advantages and disadvantages of:-

Batch, Stirred tank, Fluidized-bed, discontinuous, and tubular.

Parameters for Bio process – Bio mass, Substrates, product, O2 and

CO2, Temperature, agitation

Bio process monitoring with respect to O2 transfer, energy transfer

Rate of utilization, efficiency and computer base monitoring.

Downstream processing: process of product recovery, recycling of

residual raw, by-product recovery, product purification, waste/effluent

treatment.

Fermentation

Primary and secondary screening of microbes

Inoculums preparation

Fermentation media

Industrial sterilization,

Strain improvement

Products from microorganisms –

Enzymes (Amylases, Proteases, Pectinases)

Primary metabolites (Glu, Vit B12)

Antibiotics (Penicillin)

Beverages (wine, Beer)

Fuels from microbes and microbial polymers.

Module 2 Technologies in cell and tissue culture 15

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.1.4

2.2

2.2.1

2.2.2

Plant Tissue Culture (PTC)

Principles, Techniques, Methodology and Applications of PTC

Micropropogation and Protoplast fusion

Suspension cultures for production and applications of secondary

metabolites

Use of PTC in production of transgenics.

Animal Tissue Culture (ATC)

Principles, Techniques, Methodology and Applications of ATC

Transfection using eggs, cultured stem cells and nuclei in

development of transgenic animals.




PRACTICAL III

2.2.3

2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.3.4

Frontiers of fertility research: cryopreservation of sex gametes &

embryos, Ethical issues in embryo research. Microbial Tissue Culture (MTC)

Principles, Techniques, Methodology and Application of MTC

Commercial production of industrially important microbial strains,

ATCC- Role and significance and microbial cell banks.

Microbes as products: Single Cell Protein (SCP) from algae, bacteria

and fungi

Module 3 Techniques in Food Preservation 15

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.4

Bio Chemistry of Food Spoilage Factors causing food spoilage during food ripening, vegetable

maturation and their control.

Post mortem changes in meat and their control.

Food Preservation

General principles of food preservation

Preservation by use of high and low temperatures, drying, radiations,

natural & chemical preservatives, inert gases

Mechanical preservation techniques (vacuum packaging, tetra packs),

Pulse electric field special packaging.

QC, GMP and other topics

General principles of Quality Control and Good Manufacturing

Practices in food industry.

Determination of shelf – life of food products, transport of perishable

food items.

Food Adulteration – Common food adulterants, their harmful effects

and physical and chemical methods for their detection.

Role of ISI Agmark FDA & Food Safety and Standards Authority of

India (FSSAI), Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) in food

industry.

Module 4 Bioinformatics – I 15

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4.1.5

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.2.5

4.2.6

Introduction to Bioinformatics

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Human Genome Project- Ethical, legal and social issues

Bioinformatics- Need and applications on various fields of Biology

Introduction to Next-Generation Sequencing technology (NGS)

Introduction to Databases- Biological application and Classification

Biological Databases and retrieval techniques

Nucleotide Databases- Genbank, Unigene

Literature Database- Pubmed, Medline

Protein Sequence Databases- Swissprot, PIR

Protein Structural Databases- PDB, SCOP, CATH

Metabolic pathway database- KEGG, Metacyc

Other databases- OMIM, Taxonomy


Isolation, Preparation, Extraction Assays& Bioinformatics – I

A) Proteins:Extraction, isolation, partial purification (if necessary), calculation of

percentage yield and performing a confirmatory test for the following.

a. Casein from milk

b. Albumins and globulins from egg white

c. Proteins from germinating seeds

B) Enzymes: Extraction, Partial Purification of the following enzymes and

determination of their Km values

a. GPT from Germinating Moong Seeds

b. Alkaline Phosphatase from Germinating Moong Seeds

C) Estimation of Sodium Benzoate from Jam/ Jelly

D) Bioinformatics –I: Biological information retrieval from databases

a. Data retrieval from NCBI- Pubmed, Medline, Nucleotide, UniGene,

Protein, Mapviewer, SNP, OMIM

b. Data retrieval from EBI- SwissProt, PIR, ENA, Taxon

c. Data retrieval using InterPro, SCOP

Suggested Readings

1. Industrial Microbiology – AH Patel, McMillan India Ltd, 1st Edition

2. Food Microbiology – Frazier &Westhoff, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers, New Delhi

3. Animal Biotechnology – Edited by AK Srivastava, oxford & IBH publishing Co, New

Delhi, 2005

4. Introduction to plant Biotechnology – HS Chawla, oxford & IBH Publishing Co, New

Delhi, 2nd Edition

5. Total Quality Assurance for the Food Industries – WA Gould & RW Gould. CTI

Publications Inc., USA 1988

6. Current Good Manufacturing Practices for Food Plan Sanitation – WA Gould, CTI

Publications Inc. USA 1980

7. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics; by Jonathan Pevsner; Wiley-Liss 1st edition,

2003

8. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome analysis by David W. Mount CBS Publishers &

Distributors, 2004 reprint

9. Fundamental Concepts of Bioinformatics - Dan E. Krane, Michael L. Raymer, Pearson

education (2004)

10. Introduction to Bioinformatics – Lesk, Oxford press (2003

11. Introduction to Bioinformatics – Teresa Atwood and David J.Parry, Pearson smith

publication (2003)








Affiliated to the



Course: Research Methodology, Biostatistics and Soft Skills

Development

Semester I





Course: Research Methodology, Biostatistics and Soft Skills Development Course Code:


Lecture (Hours per

week)

Practical

(Hours per

week)

Tutori

al (Hours

per

week)

Credit

Continuous

Assessment (CA)

(Marks - 25)

Semester End

Examinations (SEE)

(Marks- 75

in Question Paper)

4 4 - 4+2 25 75

Learning Objectives: Research methods help us get solution to problems. The study of research methods gives

necessary training in choosing methods, materials, scientific tools and training in techniques relevant to problems

which in turn helps in structuring the abstract, reviews and research papers. Texts, tables and graphs for data and

information presentation are very powerful communication tools. These can make an article easy to understand,

attract and sustain the interest the readers and also to present the large data of complex information in simpler

ways. Hence the curriculum takes an opportunity to teach the learners about the processing of data. Sampling and

vital statistics are important resources for demographic data. It explicates statistical events such as births, deaths,

marriages, divorces etc. Hence the curriculum deals with these aspects of biostatistics. Having effective

communications, a willingness to work and learn and having a positive attitude run a long way in the modern

workplace. Therefore the learners are taught these aspects to develop their soft skills

Course Outcomes:


CO1: Understand a general definition of research design, the overall process of designing a research study from

its inception to its report

CO2: Interpret results of, descriptive statistical methods effectively.

CO3: Demonstrate an understanding of the central concepts of modern statistical theory and their probabilistic

foundation.

CO4: Understand the basic principles underlying survey design and estimation.

CO5: Methods for designing and selecting a sample from a population.

CO6: Gain insight into study of demography and understand the core social demographic variables (e.g., fertility,

mortality, morbidity, migration)

CO7: Assert strengthened personal character and an enhanced ethical sense

CO8: Identify, understand, and apply contemporary theories of leadership to a wide range of situations and

interactions

CO9: Understand and apply knowledge of human communication and language processes as they occur across

various contexts



1 Research &Research design 15

2 Presentation & Processing of Data 15

3 Sampling, Diagnostic Tests & Vital Statistics 15

4 Soft Skills Development – I 15

Total 60

PRACTICALS


Unit Topic No. of

Hours/Cred

its

60/4

Module 1 Research &Research design 15

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.3

1.3.1

Research

Research-Meaning, Objectives, motivation, significance, research

process and types

Formulating research problem

Criteria for good research. Significance of research.

Problems faced by researchers in India

Research Design

Meaning, features of good research design, types of research designs.

Basic principles of experimental designs.

Prospective, retrospective, observational, clinical trials, RCT, Cohort,

cross sectional and case controlled studies.

Scientific writing

Structured Abstract, reviews and research papers

Module 2 Presentation & Processing of Data 15

2.1

2.1.1

2.2

2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.3.4

2.3.5

2.4

2.4.1

2.4.2

2.4.3

Basic concepts in Biostatistics:

Significance and importance of Biostatistics and basic terminology

Scales of Measurement Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio, Discrete,

Continuous

Descriptive Statistics

Diagrammatic Presentation: Graphs and Charts; Tabular presentation

Measures of central tendency: Mean, median, Mode

Measures of variation-quartile, decile, percentile

Measures of dispersion: Standard deviation, Standard error, Variance,

Coefficient of variation.

Introduction of Kurtosis, Measures of skewness (Karl Pearson,

Bowley)

Normal Distribution

Normal distribution and its properties

Probability mass/density function, cumulative mass/density function

Problems based on the above concepts.

Module 3 Sampling, Diagnostic Tests & Vital Statistics 15

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

Sampling

Representative sample, sample bias

Sampling techniques- Simple, random, systematic, Stratified, Cluster,

multistage


3.1.3

3.1.4

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2

Correlation and regression analysis- Properties, characteristics, types

and coefficients

Problems based on the above concepts.

Diagnostic tests

Importance of diagnostic tests

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive

value, accuracy, probability and odds ratio, likelihood ratio (LR), LR

of positive test, LR of negative test Receiver operating characteristics

(ROC) curves

Demography & Vital Statistics

Collection of demographic data, vital statistics at state & National

levels, reports of special demographic surveys.

Measures of vital statistics: Rate of mortality, fertility, reproduction,

morbidity, comprehensive indicators, indices of health population

growth rates and density of population.

Module 4 Soft Skills Development – I 15

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4.1.5

4.1.6

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.2.5

Personal Skills

Personality Development- Self Esteem, Positive Thinking, Johari

Window, Physical Fitness.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) & Quotient (EQ)- Meaning, Components

of EI, IQ v/s EQ, Components of EI, Skills to develop EI

Etiquettes & Manners – Meaning, Professional & Technology

etiquettes.

Communication Skills – Process & Significance of

Communication, Verbal, Non- verbal, formal & informal

communication, Barriers, Techniques to improve LSRW,

Intercultural & Digital Communication

Interpersonal Skills and Entrepreneurship

Leadership & Team Building- Leadership Types/ Styles/ Trails/

Trends, Types of Teams & Team Building, Group Dynamics.

Decision Making - Introduction, Steps/ Techniques/ Process of

Decision Making, fundamentals/ Styles/ Major Concepts of

Negotiations.

Stress & Time Management - Sources of & ways to cope with

stress, Planning & scheduling of work/ professional/ rewinding/

refreshing/ hobbies.

Entrepreneurship & Start-ups – Employment v/s self

employment, Govt. Schemes & funding Agencies for start –

ups.




PRACTICAL IV Research Methodology, Biostatistics and Soft Skills Development

1. Preparation of Research Proposal for Minor / Major Research Projects to be submitted

to the funding agencies

2. Review of Research work being carried out at any five National/ International

Research Centers or Institutes

3. One numerical problem each on

a. Measurement of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, Mode)

b. Measurement of Dispersion/variability (Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation

efficient of variation)

4. Soft Skills Development: Case Study / Role Play / Quiz.

Suggested Readings

1. Research methodology, Methods and techniques – CR Kothari Willey Eastern Ltd,

Mumbai

2. Research methods – Ram Ahuja, Rawat Publications, New Delhi

3. Research Methodology – SM Israney, universal Publishing Corporation

4. Elsevier Academy

5. Methods in biostatistics for medical students and research workers – BK Mahajan,

Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi

6. Introductory Biostatistics by Chaptlee Willey Publications

7. Statistical methods in biological array – Davids J Finney, 3rd edition charles Griffin

& co, London

8. Soft Skills- Enhancing Employability by M S Rao, I K International

9. Cornerstone : Developing Soft Skills by Sheffield, Person India

10. Business Communication by ShaliniKalia and Shailaja Agrawal, Wiley India.

11. Communication Skills by Dr. Nageshwar Rao and Dr. Ranjendra P Das, Himalaya

Publishing House. 12. Fred Luthans " Organisational Behaviour", Mc Graw Hill edition

13. Wallace and Masterss, " Personal Development for Life and Work"








Affiliated to the



Course: Advanced Bio-organic Chemistry-II

Semester II




Program: M.Sc. Biochemistry Semester: II

Course: Advanced Bio-organic Chemistry-II Course Code:


Lecture (Hours per

week)

Practical

(Hours per

week)

Tutori

al (Hours

per

week)

Credit

Continuous

Assessment (CA)

(Marks - 25)

Semester End

Examinations (SEE)

(Marks- 75

in Question Paper)

4 4 - 4+2 25 75

Learning Objectives: Biochemical processes specific to plants are important for the plant but alos for the

environment and for the recovery and use by humans. Similarly hormones are important for every-day survival of

mankind. Endocrinologist can diagnose and treat hormones problems and the complications that arise from them.

Hormones regulate metabolism, respiration, growth, reproduction and movements. Hence the curriculum touches

upon all these aspects in endocrinology. Biochemistry of tissues provides explanation to various structural and

functional aspects of tissues and diseases related to the same. It is also important to understand the mechanism

and applications of bioluminescence, significance of unusual biomolecules and industrially and pharmacologically

important natural bioactive compounds. Hence the curriculum gives and insight into these studies.

Course Outcomes:


CO1: Understand plant physiology, biochemical pathways and mechanism of light-dark reactions, Calvin

cycle, C4 and CAM pathway during photosynthesis.

CO2: Correlate biosynthesis of plant products like starch, sucrose, cellulose

CO3: Rule out the misconception that photosynthesis only takes place in plants.

CO4: Gain knowledge about biosynthesis, storage, secretion of endocrine hormones

CO5: Understand the basics of mechanisms of hormone actions and regulations.

CO6: Explain the anatomy, physiology and diseases related to bone, muscles, nervous tissues and connective

tissues.

CO7: Explain the principle, mechanism and applications of bioluminescence, natural bioactive compounds and

unusual biomolecules.



1 Plant Biochemistry 15

2 Endocrinology 15

3 Biochemistry of Tissues 15

4 Bioluminescence, Unusual Bio-molecules and Natural Bioactive Compounds 15

Total 60

PRACTICALS


Unit Topic No. of

Hours/Cred

its

60/4

Module 1 Plant Biochemistry 15

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.2.3

1.1.2.4

1.1.2.5

1.1.2.6

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3.

1.2.4

Photosynthesis

Chlorophylls and accessary pigments

Photosynthesis

Light and Dark Phases

Photosystem I & II

Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation (Z scheme)

C-3 & C-4 Pathways

CAM pathway.

Biosynthesis of Starch, Sugars and Cellulose from Glucose

Plant Physiology

Photorespiration and photoperiodism

Plant growth hormones- Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokines, Abscisic

Acid and Ethylene, artificial plant growth hormones-Applications in

horticulture science

Photosynthesis in Bacteria, Fungi, Algae and Yeast.

Nitrogen Fixation and Sulphur Assimilation in Plants

Module 2 Endocrinology 15

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.2

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2.

Endocrine System

Organization of Mammalian Endocrine System, Classification of

Hormones.

Biosynthesis, Storage, Secretion, Transport and Metabolic effects

(including hypo and hyper conditions) of hormones of Thyroid gland,

Pituitary, Parathyroid, Adrenal Medulla, Adrenal Cortex, Gonads,

Kidneys and GI Tract.

Mechanism of Hormone action

Role of Secondary Messengers-cAMP, cGMP,

Role of calcium as cellular hormone

Cell membrane and intracellular receptors for hormones.

Regulatory pathways (positive, negative, feedback loops)

Hormones – conventional & engineered Insulin, Erythropoietin,

Growth hormones

Endocrine regulation

Regulation of growth, stress, digestion, obesity and hunger (leptin &

ghrelin), renal function, cardiovascular system [angiotensin, BNP,

endothelin 1 (ET-1), leptin]

Endocrinology of fertility (Changes in menstruation, pregnancy &

menopause).


2.3.3 Medical uses of steroid hormones (contraception, IVF, HRT,

hydrocortisone, anabolic steroids). Erythropoietin

Module 3 Biochemistry of Tissues 15

3.1

3.1.1

31.2

3.1.3

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2.

3.2.3

3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.4

3.3.5

3.4

3.4.1

3.4.2

Muscle

Muscles- Structure and composition of muscle fibres, mechanism of

muscle contraction and relaxation.

Energy source for muscular work

Muscular dystrophies

Bone

Composition, formulation, Structure and functions.

Factors affecting bone metabolism, bone remodelling

Osteoporosis, osteomalacia

Nerve Tissue

Nerves- Structure of Neuron, chemistry of nerve tissue, mechanism of

nerve impulse transmission, synapse and synaptic transmission,

Synthesis and actions of neurotransmitters (GABA, Acetylcholine,

Dopamine)

Pathophysiology of– Parkinson’s disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease

Biochemistry of memory mechanisms

Mechanism of sensory receptors of taste, vision, odour, hearing, touch

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue- Biosynthesis, composition, structure.

Metabolism of Collagen and its Disorders-Ehler’s Syndrome (Type I to

VII), Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Type I to IV), Paget’s disease

Module 4 Bioluminescence, Unusual Bio-molecules and Natural Bioactive

Compounds

15

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.3

4.3.1

4.3.2

4.3.3

Bioluminescence

History, Source of Bioluminescence material, examples of

bioluminescence organism

Mechanism of Bio-luminescence in specific organisms, Evolution and

Bioluminescence.

Use and applications of bioluminescence

Unusual Bio-molecules

Fullerenes, Small Nuclear Riboproteins (SNURPNs), Lectins, Inulin,

Antifreeze proteins, Stress Proteins, Chaperons, Ionophores (Crown

ethers, Cryptans)

Biomimetic Chemistry- Mimicking of Ion Channels, Enzyme receptor

carriers, antibodies, Vesicles and Sensors, Enzyme Mimicking-Cram’s

Protease Model, Rebok’s allosteric Model and Flavinophores for NAD

Host-guest Chemistry-Cyclophanes, Calixanes, Cyclodextrins,

Cyclopeptides.

Natural Bioactive Compounds

Industrially & pharmacologically important primary & secondary

metabolites from living cells

Occurrence/ Source, mode of action and physiological

significance/importance/ application of:

Anticancer agents,




PRACTICAL V Chromatography and Electrophoresis Techniques

1. Extraction of Plant Pigments from Spinach Leaves and their separation by Column

Chromatography

2. Assay of Hormone

3. Chromatography:

a. Ascending and Circular paper for Amino Acids and Sugars

b. TLC of Oils

4. Electrophoresis:

a. Serum Proteins Electrophoresis (Agar/Agarose)

b. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (Normal/Abnormal)

5. Separation of Glucose and Starch (Gel filtration)

Separation of Starch and Casein (Gel filtration)

Suggested Readings:

12. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox Publisher: W.

H. Freeman

13. Biochemistry. (4th Ed.). Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet – Publisher John Wiley & Sons

14. Cell and Molecular Biology. D. P. De Robertis. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN:

9788184734508, 8184734506 Edition: 8th Edition, 2010

15. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry 30th Edition that complies with legal requirement, Jan

2015 by Victor W. Rodwell, David Bender , Kathleen M. Botham , Peter J. Kennelly

16. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology –Larsen, R.P. Korenberg, H.N. Melmed, S.and

Polensky, K.S. Saunders.

17. Human Physiology –Chatterjee.C.C, Medical Allied Agency

18. Principles of Biochemistry: Mammalian Biochemistry: Smith EL, Hill RL, White A,

McGraw Hill

19. The metabolic basis of Inherited diseases (Vol I & II) Scriver CR..Valle D, Pub McGraw

Hill

20. Endocrine Physiology- Martin C.R., (1985). Oxford University Press) N.Y.

21. Biochemistry. Zubay (1983) Addison, Wesley publ. Co.

22. Natural Products from Plants by PB Kaufman, CR press (1999) (ISBN 0-8493-3134-X)

23. Sanger, F. (1959-05-15). "Chemistry of Insulin". Science. 129 (3359): 1340–1344.

doi:10.1126/science.129.3359.1340. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 13658959

4.3.1 Venoms (snakes & scorpions),

Phytochemicals (phenols, polyphenols, tannins, terpenes &alkaloids)








Affiliated to the



Course: Advanced Instrumentation and Analytical Techniques-

II

Semester II





Course: Advanced Instrumentation and Analytical Techniques-II Course Code:


Lecture (Hours per

week)

Practical

(Hours per

week)

Tutori

al (Hours

per

week)

Credit

Continuous

Assessment (CA)

(Marks - 25)

Semester End

Examinations (SEE)

(Marks- 75

in Question Paper)

4 4 - 4+2 25 75

Learning Objectives: Centrifugation, chromatography and electrophoresis are the analytical techniques to isolate,

separate and purify the biomolecules of research and industrial importance. Hence the current curriculum deals

with principle, working and application of these tools and techniques.

Course Outcomes:


CO1: Describe the methods used in the analysis of compounds.

CO2: Demonstrate the operation of centrifugation and chromatography

CO3: Explain the chemistry behind the methods of analysis of compounds

CO4: Identify which method is more effective for analysis of compounds.

CO5: Apply the principle of electrophoresis.

CO6: To understand the fundamentals of special instruments and their applications.



1 Centrifugation 15

2 Chromatography 15

3 Electrophoresis & Sequencing Techniques 15

4 Special Instrumental Methods of Analysis 15

Total 60

PRACTICALS


Unit Topic No. of

Hours/Cred

its

60/4

Module 1 Centrifugation 15

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.3.1

1.3.2

1.3.3

1.4

1.5

Basic principles of sedimentation, relation between rpm, rcf and

Svedberg constant, Nomogram

Types of rotors

Principles, Working and Applications of:

Preparative (Differential and density gradient)

Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Density gradient materials-types & characteristics

Applications of centrifugation techniques in industry & research

Numericals based on the above concept

Module 2 Chromatography 15

2.1

2.2

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

2.2.4

2.2.5

2.3

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.4

Basic principles and types

Working, types of support system and applications of:

Partition chromatography (Paper)

Adsorption Chromatography (TLC, Column)

Affinity Chromatography

Ion Exchange Chromatography

Permeation Chromatography

Basic Principles, Instrumentation, working and applications of:

Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC)

High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), HPTLC

High Resolution Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HR LC-

MS)

Numericals/Case Study based on the above concept

Module 3 Electrophoresis & Sequencing Techniques 15

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.1.2.1

3.1.2.2

3.1.2.3

3.1.2.4

3.1.2.5

3.1.2.6

3.1.2.6

Electrophoresis

Basic principles, factors affecting electrophoresis, types of support

media, types of solubilizers

General principles, instrumentation, working and applications of

electrophoretic techniques:

Zone electrophoresis

Disc

SDS-PAGE

Capillary electrophoresis

2-D electrophoresis

Pulsed Field Gel electrophoresis

Diagonal, Isoelectric Focussing


3.1.2.7

3.1.2.8

3.1.3

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.1.1

3.2.1.2

3.2.1.3

3.2.1.4

Immuno-electrophoresis

Gel Documentation System

Numericals/Case Study based on the above concept

Sequencing Techniques

Basic Principles and Instrumentation, working and applications of:

Purification of Proteins/ Enzymes

Protein Sequencing Techniques,

Nucleic acid Sequencing Techniques

Blotting Techniques

Module 4 Special instrumentation- Methods and Analysis 15

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.2.5

4.2.6

4.2.7

4.2.8

Basic Principles, Instrumentation, working and applications of:

Flow Cytometry

Electroporation

Autoclave

Inspissator

Basic Principles, Instrumentation, working and application of:

Conductometry

Potentiometry

Selective Ion Meters

High Frequency Titrations

Polarography

Anode Stripping Voltammetry

Neutron Activation Analysis

PCR




PRACTICAL VI Clinical Estimations

1. Estimation of: from blood/plasma/serum/urine)

a. Creatinine by Jaffe’s method

b. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)by DiacetylMonoxime Method

c. Uric Acid by Caraway method

d. Hemoglobin by Drabkin Method

e. Differential Proteins (A/G Ratio) by Reinhart Biuret Method

Suggested readings

1. Van Holde KE – Principles of Physical Biochemistry, Prentice Hall, 1998

2. Wilson K & Walker J – Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry.

Cambridge Low Price Edition

3. Frelfelder D- Physical Biochemistry

4. Skoog Douglas A – Principles of Instrumental Analysis Harcourt Brace publishers,

London

5. Upadhyaya et al – Biophysical Chemistry, Himalaya Publishing Home, New Delhi

6. Rodney Boyer Experimental Biochemistry Pearson Publ. Sawheny and Singh

7. Practical Biochemistry by David Plummer

8. Todd et al – Clinical Diagnosis and Management, 17th edition, WB Saunders,

Philadelphia

9. Rao Ranganathan – Text book of biochemistry 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, New Delhi

10. BayensDominiezak – Medical biochemistry, Mosby Publishers, Harcourt, 1999








Affiliated to the



Course: Industrial Biochemistry and Bioinformatics – II

Semester II





Course: Industrial Biochemistry and Bioinformatics-II Course Code:


Lecture (Hours per

week)

Practical

(Hours per

week)

Tutori

al (Hours

per

week)

Credit

Continuous

Assessment (CA)

(Marks - 25)

Semester End

Examinations (SEE)

(Marks- 75

in Question Paper)

4 4 - 4+2 25 75

Learning Objectives: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and enzymes are of industrial importance. Hence their

manufacturing, extraction and applications are dealt in the current curriculum. Sustainability is important for

environmental quality, healthy communities and for maintaining natural resources and a nontoxic environment.

Therefore the environmental sustainability and critical thinkings are the tools in the curriculum to develop the

environmental persona of the learner. Bioinformatics further deals with genomic and protein sequence analysis in

research industries. Hence it is important to add in these aspects in the curriculum.

Course Outcomes:


CO1: Understand the industrial importance and biosynthesis/manufacturing of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,

enzymes, vitamins and hormones

CO2: Apply the knowledge of immobilization techniques in research.

CO3: Discuss the applications of biomolecules in medicines and other industry.

CO4: Gain the knowledge about environmental sustainability and monitoring systems.

CO5: Clear the concepts of quality assurance and quality control.

CO6: Acquire knowledge and awareness of emerging trends in environmental sciences, Nano biotechnology,

biological sciences

CO7: Comprehend the understanding of genomics and proteomics in research analysis and use of data base for

elucidating protein structure.



1 Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins of Industrial Importance 15

2 Environmental Sustainability & Critical Thinking 15

3 Recent trends in biological sciences 15

4 Bioinformatics – II 15

Total 60

PRACTICALS


Unit Topic No. of

Hours/Cred

its

60/4

Module 1 Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins of Industrial Importance 15

1.1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.3

1.3.1

1.3.2

1.3.3

1.4

1.4.1

1.4.2

Carbohydrates of industrial importance

Manufacturing and refining of cane sugar, starch, pectin & cellulose

Manufacturing of polysaccharides. Plant polysaccharide

(Gum Arabic), microbial polysaccharides, modified carbohydrates –

modified starches, modified celluloses.

Lipids of industrial importance

Extraction and refining of vegetable oils and animal fats in general.

Extraction and applications of chlorophyll, carotene, lycopene

Turmeric, and essential oils.

Proteins of industrial importance

Isolation and purification of Proteins & Enzymes – Source

identification, isolation, recovery, concentration.

Partial/total purification by salting in, salting out, precipitation,

dialysis, ultra-filtration, column chromatography (Ion exchange, Gel

filtration, Affinity, HPLC)

Non – catalytic industrial proteins – casein, whey proteins, Egg

proteins, wheat germ proteins.

Enzyme Immobilization

Methods of immobilization

Applications in industry and medicine

Module 2 Environmental Sustainability & Critical Thinking 15

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.2

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.2.1

2.2.2.2

2.2.2.3

2.2.2.4

2.2.2.5

2.2.2.6

2.2.2.7

2.3

Ecology

Principles of ecology, Causes of environmental crisis

Self-sustaining mechanisms in ecosystems, changing relationship with

Environment

Sustainability

Concept of sustainability, Sustainable development goals (SDGs),

Strategies for sustainable development of:

Environmental conservation & monitoring (Air, water and soil)

Human population

Water resources

Biodiversity

Energy sources

Economic growth

4R’s

Emerging trends-Creating green cities-Green audit, Carbon foot

printing, risk assessment




PRACTICAL VII Extraction, Isolation, Partial Purification Techniques

Extraction, isolation, partial purification (if necessary), calculation of percentage yield and

performing a confirmatory test for the following.

1. Carbohydrates:

a. Cellulose from Grass

b. Glycogen from Liver

c. Starch from Potato

d. Pectin from apples/bananas/oranges

2. Lipids:

a. Estimation of Lecithin and cholesterol from egg yolk

Module 3 Recent trends in biological sciences 15

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.2

3.2.1

3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.4

3.4.1

3.5

3.6

3.7

Nano biotechnology

Definition, types and methods of preparation of nano-bioparticles

Applications in drug designing, drug delivery & protein Engineering

Biosensors

Construction, uses in industrial and environmental processes and

medical applications.

NDDS-Principles, techniques and applications of:

Liposome

Natural & synthetic biofilms.

Clinical diagnostics

Diagnostic Kits and their applications.

Concept and significance of Bio safety, Bio Hazards and Bio ethics.

Concept of QC, QA GMP, GLP in labs & production processes.

Lab/process validation & Accreditation.

Maintenance & Management of Lab/Experimental animals

and Animal House CPCEA guidelines.

Module 4 Bioinformatics – II 15

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.2.5

Genomic and Protein Sequence Analysis

Pair wise sequence alignment, gaps, gap-penalties, scoring

matrices- PAM, BLOSUM, Local and global sequence alignment

Nucleotide and Protein sequence analysis using BLAST and variants

Introduction to multiple sequence alignment- Progressive algorithms-

Clustal programs.

In-silico Protein structure prediction

Introduction to protein structure

Protein-protein interaction, RASMOL

Computational methods in protein Secondary structure prediction

Computational methods in protein Tertiary structure prediction

Homology modelling


b. Estimation of Essential oils from orange peels

3.Pigments (Separation of the following pigments on TLC slides):

a. Curcumin from Turmeric

b. Carotenes from carrots

c. Chlorophylls from spinach

4.Estimation of

a. Total Alkalinity of Water Effluent b. COD of Waste Water

c. Total Hardness of Well Water

d. Chlorides from Water Sample by Schales&Schales Method 5.Bioinformatics II

a. Sequence and Structure analysis

b. Database Similarity Search using BLAST variants

c. Multiple Sequence Alignment- Clustal Omega, T-Coffee

d. Structure Visualization using RASMOL

Suggested readings

1. Total synthesis of natural products, Vol I-John Apsinon

2. Chemical Process Industries – Norris Shreeve& Joseph Brink

3. Encyclopedia of chemical technology, 3rd Edition

4. Industry chemistry of Fats and Waxes – JP Hilditch

5. Essential Oils, Vol I – Ernst Guenther

6. Natural and Synthetic colouring matter and related fields – JS Gore, Joshi

7. EncyclopediaBritannica, Vol IV & V

8. Principles of Environmental Chemistry – Kothandaram&Swaminathan, BI Publishers,

Chennai

9. Environmental Chemistry – AK De, New Age International Publishers, 4th Edition

10. Nanotechnology, A Genetic Introduction to the next big idea – Mark Ratner & Daniel

Ratner, Pearson Education

11. Biotechnology, An Introduction – Susan R Barnum, Vikas Publishing House,

International Student Edition

12. Essential Bioinformatics, JinXiong, Cambridge University Press, 2006

13. Introduction to Bioinformatics – Teresa Atwood and David J.Parry, Pearson smith

publication (2003)

14. Introduction to Bioinformatics – Lesk, Oxford press (2003)


education (2004)

16. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome analysis by David W. Mount CBS Publishers

& Distributors, 2004 reprint

17. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics;by Jonathan Pevsner;Wiley-Liss 1st edition,

2003

18. Essential Bioinformatics, JinXiong, Cambridge University Press, 2006


education First edition (2004)


20. Sequence structure and Database – Des Higgins, Willice Taylor, oxford press 1st edition

(2003)



MITHIBAI COLLEGE OF ARTS, CHAUHAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE &

AMRUTBEN JIVANLAL COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS

(AUTONOMOUS)




Affiliated to the



Course: Research Methodology, Biostatistics and Soft Skills

Development-II

Semester II





Course: Research Methodology, Biostatistics and Soft Skills Development Course Code:


Lecture (Hours per

week)

Practical

(Hours per

week)

Tutori

al (Hours

per

week)

Credit

Continuous

Assessment (CA)

(Marks - 25)

Semester End

Examinations (SEE)

(Marks- 75

in Question Paper)

4 4 - 4+2 25 75

Learning Objectives: Knowing how reports are read by audience, purpose of each section in report helps the

reader to find the information they require. It also makes sure the relevance of the data you share. Hence designed

curriculum expands the idea of report writing and presentation. Hypothesis tests evaluates the statistical

significance of the data. Also the non parametric tests do not make assumptions about the data. Thus they are well

suited for small samples. Therefore the curriculum deals with hypothesis testing and non-parametric tests for the

research benefits. Skills are in essence behaviors that are necessary for every profession and essential attitudes

that allow the growth in career and also efficiently connect with coworkers. The current curriculum has taken care

of these areas of development

Course Outcomes:


CO1: Analyse and Interpret the research data and write a report.

CO2: Prepare a layout of research paper of poster

CO3: Make and present oral or poster presentation.

CO4: Use Biostatistical tools for analysing and interpreting obtained data.

CO5: Apply the knowledge of hypothesis testing, nonparametric tests, yules coefficients, ANNOVA,

Correlation and regression.

CO6: Strengthen personal character and enhance ethical sense.

CO7: Build the capacity of learn, unlearn and relearn.

CO8: Apply the knowledge of group discussion, panel discussion in practice.

CO9: Develop the ability to write a resume and interview skills.



1 Report writing & Presentation 15

2 Estimation and testing of Hypothesis 15

3 Non-parametric tests, Diagnostic Tests & Vital Statistics 15

4 Soft Skills Development - II 15

Total 60

PRACTICALS


Unit Topic No. of

Hours/Cred

its

60/4

Module 1 Report Writing & Presentation 15

1.1

1.1.

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.1.4

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

Report Writing

Interpretation of data-techniques and precautions

Significance of report writing, different steps in report writing; types

of report.

Mechanics and precautions of writing research reports for scientific

journals, popular magazines, seminars/symposia/

conferences/workshops

Layout of research paper, Layout for poster.

Presentation

Presentation – Oral & Written. Use of digital media.

Presentations in classrooms, scientific meets & public audience.

Defence of research thesis.

Module 2 Estimation and testing of Hypothesis 15

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.1.4

2.1.5

2.1.6

2.2

2.2.1

2.3

Estimation and testing of Hypothesis Hypothesis framing

Properties and use of Normal Tables

Steps for testing of Hypothesis – Level of Significance and

Confidence

Type I and Type II errors

Z- test for testing population mean(s) and proportion(s).

t- test for testing population mean, Paired & Unpaired t-test for testing

population means

Estimation and Testing of Population Parameters Estimation of population proportion and mean and their sampling

Distribution

Measures of outcome of clinical interventional studies:

Module 3 Non-parametric tests, Diagnostic Tests & Vital Statistics. 15

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.1.2

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

Non-parametric tests

Importance of non-parametric tests.

Chi square test of goodness of fit.

Chi square test for independence of attributes & yate’s correction.

Analysis

Univariate and multivariate analysis. Brief introduction to three main

frameworks: Monte-Carlo analysis, Parametric analysis, Bayesian

analysis


3.2.3

3.3

3.3.1

3.4

3.4.1

3.4.2

Data Analysis: Computing sums of squares, standard error of

differences between means, fitting data to linear model, variances and

covariances, least square parametric estimation, hypothesis test with

regression

ANOVA and partitioning of sum of squares, assumptions, hypothesis

tests with ANOVA, constructing F Ratios, ANOVA Tables, Analysis

of categorical data, two way contingency tables, Chi-square & G-Test

Power Analysis

Power analysis for contingency tables, t tests, ANOVA, correlation &

regression models. Sample size calculation

Measures of Association

Yule’s coefficient of association

Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient

Module 4 Soft Skills Development – II 15

4.1

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

Professional Skills

Creativity at Workplace – Types of Workplace, Creativity/

Motivation/Innovativeness/ Initiative at Workplace

Ethical Values – Ethics/ Values/ Morals, Nurturing work ethics,

Gender, neutrality, Human Rights

Capacity Building – Learn, Unlearn & Relearn, Skills for capacity

building, Zones & Ideas for Learning, Strategies for capacity building.

Employment Skills

Employment Communication – CV & Resume Building,

Scan able CV, Formats of CV/ Resume/ Job Application/ Covering

Letter professional presentations.

Job Interviews – Background information, Types & preparatory steps

for Interviews, developing interview Skills, Mock Interviews, FAQs in

Interviews.

Group Discussion – Ambience & Seating arrangements for GD,

Importance & significance of GD, GD/ Panel Discussion/

Debate,Types of GD (Topics – based & Case- based), Analysis of

personal traits in GD.




PRACTICAL VII

Biostatistics and Bio-informatics

1. One numerical problem each on

a. Z-Test

b. T-Test

c. Chi-Squares Test

d. Simple Regression

e. Multiple Regression

2. Soft Skills Development – II: Group Discussions, Personal Interview (PI), Exercise

in resume writing.

3. Research paper given to students to prepare presentation for

poster/newspaper(for layman)

4. Student will be required to:

a. Access at least five scientific websites to collect relevant information

with respect to the topics from the syllabus assigned to him or her by the

teacher. A one [page summary per website visited (i.e. a total of five pages)

should be entered in the journal as a part of practical IV. Teacher should

encourage that different topics from the theory syllabus are given to student

and student would access as far as possible different web sites form

information collection.

b. Select any two research papers from any leading nation and

international scientific journals (not older than two years) and present these

papers in his or her biochemistry department as if it his/her own research

work. A one page summary per research work. A one-page summary per

research paper presented (i.e. a total of two pages) should be entered in

Journal as a part of practical IV. (Teacher may help students in selecting such

research papers from the scientific journals available at their respective

colleges or at other institutions/libraries). A compilation of research papers

entitled “Papers in Bio-chemistry” edited by John Herriott, Gary Jacobson,

Julius Marmur and William Parson published by Eddison-Wesley Publications


Co. Menlo Park, California, USA may be referred to for classical original

papers in biochemistry representing milestone discoveries in bio-chemistry

such as Krebs Cycles, Structure of Myoglobin and Haemoglobin, etc.

A computer terminal with an internet connection will have to be made available in the

department of biochemistry for conducting Practical 204.

Suggested readings

1. Research methodology, Methods and techniques – CR Kothari Willey Eastern Ltd,

Mumbai

2. Research methods – Ram Ahuja, Rawat Publications, New Delhi

3. Research Methodology – SM Israney, universal Publishing Corporation

4. Elsevier Academy

5. Methods in biostatistics for medical students and research workers – BK Mahajan,

Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi

6. Introductory Biostatistics by Chaptlee Willey Publications

7. Statistical methods in biological array – Davids J Finney, 3rd edition charles Griffin

& co, London

8. Soft Skills- Enhancing Employability by M S Rao, I K International

9. Cornerstone : Developing Soft Skills by Sheffield, Person India

10. Business Communication by ShaliniKalia and Shailaja Agrawal, Wiley India.

11. Communication Skills by Dr. Nageshwar Rao and Dr. Ranjendra P Das, Himalaya

Publishing House. 12. Fred Luthans " Organisational Behaviour", Mc Graw Hill edition

13. Wallace and Masterss, " Personal Development for Life and Work"

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