2009-annual-report.pdf - Coordinated Research Activities

June 2010

Research Contracts Administration Section Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications International Atomic Energy Agency http://cra.iaea.org/

Coordinated Research Activities

Annual Report and Statistics for 2009

International Atomic Energy Agency

2416/D/Rev.1

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................ii

1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................1

2. COORDINATED RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN SUPPORT OF IAEA PROGRAMMES

AND SUBPROGRAMMES ..........................................................................................................2

3. COORDINATED RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN 2009................................................................3

3.1. Member State Participation ..........................................................................................11 3.2. Extrabudgetary Funding ...............................................................................................12 3.3. Coordinated Research Projects Completed in 2009 .....................................................13

4. CRP EVALUATION REPORTS FOR COMPLETED CRPS ....................................................13

ANNEX I Total Number of Proposals Received and Contracts and Agreements Awarded in 2009

ANNEX II Distribution of Total 2009 Contract Obligations by Country and Programme ANNEX III Research Coordination Meetings Held in 2009 by Subprogramme

ANNEX IV Research Coordination Meetings Held in 2009 by Country

ANNEX V 2009 Total Contract Obligations per Country

APPENDIX A Active Coordinated Research Projects at End 2009

APPENDIX B CRPs Approved but Not Yet Initiated at End 2009

APPENDIX C Coordinated Research Projects Completed in 2009

APPENDIX D IAEA 2009 Programme/Subprogramme and Corresponding CRP Codes

APPENDIX E Evaluation Reports for Completed CRPs

ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In 2009, a total of €6 670 117 were obligated for the IAEA’s Coordinated Research Activities

(€6 428 776 from the regular budget and €241 341 from extrabudgetary resources). Most of the

Coordinated Research Activities are carried out via Coordinated Research Projects (CRPs) which

bring together research institutes in both developing and developed Member States to collaborate on

research topics of common interest. At the end of 2009, work was being carried out on 128 CRPs, as

referenced in Appendix A of this report.

978 research, technical and doctoral contracts and 610 research agreements with institutes in

114 Member States were operational at end 2009. 91% of the funds obligated for contracts in 2009

were in respect of institutes in developing countries, primarily in the areas of food and agriculture and

human health.

During 2009, 22% of the Chief Scientific Investigators participating in IAEA CRPs were female

researchers. Efforts will continue to increase the participation of women and younger researchers in

the Coordinated Research Activities.

Detailed evaluation reports on the outputs, effectiveness, impact, recommended future action,

and resulting publications of the 31 CRPs evaluated in 2009 are included in Appendix E of this report.

1

1. INTRODUCTION

Article III of the IAEA Statute authorizes the IAEA to encourage and assist research on, and

development and practical application of, atomic energy for peaceful purposes throughout the world

and to foster the exchange of scientific and technical information, as well as the exchange of scientists

in the field of peaceful uses of atomic energy. The IAEA’s Coordinated Research Activities stimulate

and coordinate the undertaking of research in selected nuclear fields by scientists in IAEA Member

States.

The IAEA supports research under its programmes, subprogrammes and projects that are listed

in its approved Programme and Budget. These Coordinated Research Activities are normally

implemented through Coordinated Research Projects (CRPs) which bring together research institutes

in both developing and developed Member States to collaborate on research topics of common

interest. Research, technical and doctoral contracts and research agreements are awarded to institutes

in Member States for their completion of research work under these CRPs. The IAEA may also

respond to proposals from institutes for participation in the research activities under individual

research contracts not related to a CRP. A small portion of available funds is used to finance

individual projects, which deal with topics covered by the IAEA’s scientific programme.

The IAEA also supports doctoral CRPs, which are designed to strengthen promotion of research

on nuclear technologies in developing Member States through pair building between agreement and

contract holders. These CRPs include a PhD training programme at the contract holders’ institutes.

Two doctoral CRPs are currently being implemented by the Human Health programme. One addresses

the improvement of radiotherapy outcome in AIDS cancer patients and the other concerns quality

assurance of the physical aspects of advanced technology in radiotherapy.

Further information on the IAEA’s Coordinated Research Activities, including current

information on CRPs and supported programme areas, participation of institutes in Member States, as

well as information on policies and procedures and the management of the activities is available on the

IAEA’s Coordinated Research Activities website:

http://cra.iaea.org/

http://cra.iaea.org/�

2

2. COORDINATED RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN SUPPORT OF IAEA PROGRAMMES AND SUBPROGRAMMES

The Coordinated Research Activities reported in this document are conducted in support of the

following IAEA programmes and subprogrammes.

Major Programme 1: Nuclear Power, Fuel Cycle and Nuclear Science

Programme 1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power

Programme 1.2 (B.) Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Technologies

Programme 1.3 (C.) Capacity Building and Nuclear Knowledge Maintenance for Sustainable Energy Development

Programme 1.4 (D.) Nuclear Science

Major Programme 2: Nuclear Techniques for Development and Environmental Protection Programme 2.1 (E.) Food and Agriculture

Programme 2.2 (F.) Human Health

Programme 2.3 (G.) Water Resources

Programme 2.4 (H.) Environment

Programme 2.5 (I.) Radioisotope Production and Radiation Technology

Major Programme 3: Nuclear Safety and Security Programme 3.2 (J.) Safety of Nuclear Installations

Programme 3.3 (K.) Radiation and Transport Safety

Programme 3.4 (L.) Management of Radioactive Waste

Programme 3.5 (M.) Nuclear Security

The Subprogrammes supported by the CRPs are listed in Appendix D.

Results of the research are available to all Member States and are disseminated through

national, international and IAEA scientific and technical publications. The Coordinated Research

Activities are complementary to the IAEA’s Technical Cooperation Projects, with the knowledge

gained via coordinated research used to enhance the quality of Technical Cooperation Projects. Some

research results are directly relevant to Technical Cooperation Projects and lead to successful

implementation of these projects, while some Technical Projects lead to participation in Coordinated

Research Activities. In addition, CRPs and TC Projects may also be carried out simultaneously.

3

3. COORDINATED RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN 2009

Work on 128 CRPs was being carried out at the end of 2009: 37 in Major Programme 1 –

Nuclear Power, Fuel Cycle and Nuclear Science, 80 in Major Programme 2 – Nuclear Techniques for

Development and Environmental Protection, and 11 in Major Programme 3 – Nuclear Safety and

Security. Although the total amount obligated for these activities in 2009 was only slightly more than

in 2008, an additional 3 CRPs were being carried out at the end of 2009. In terms of benefits to

Member States through their participating research institutes, number of awards and degree of

funding, the Coordinated Research Activities constitute a significant component of the IAEA’s overall

programme.

Coordinated Research Activities Budget

In 2009, the IAEA obligated a total of €6 670 117 in support of research projects under its

Coordinated Research Activities. Of this total amount 71% (€4 738 384) was used to finance contracts

and CRP purchases and 29% (€1 931 733) was used to finance 89 Research Coordination Meetings

(RCMs) held every 12 - 18 months during the life of a Coordinated Research Project (CRP).

776 contracts and 138 agreements were awarded in 2009 to institutes in IAEA Member States

based on careful evaluation of research proposals received. Annex I lists the number of proposals

received and awards made by country.

At the end of 2009, there were 128 active CRPs, the majority thereof in Major Programme 2

(see Appendix A). An additional 12 CRPs had been approved, but were not yet initiated. A list of

these CRPs can be found in Appendix B. Total obligations amounted to €850 098 in Major

Programme 1, €5 427 651 in Major Programme 2 and €392 368 in Major Programme 3.

Contracts and Agreements

The 914 contracts and agreements awarded to institutes in IAEA and FAO Member States in

2009 consisted of 723 research contracts, 50 technical contracts, and 3 doctoral contracts, and 138

research agreements. The average contract size was €6 066 per annum, slightly more than the 2008

average. TABLE 1, FIGURE 1 and FIGURE 2 summarize all awards by Programme in 2009.

Member States Participation

Institutes in 114 IAEA Member States participated in the CRA in 2009. 91% of the funds

obligated for contracts were made to institutes in developing countries. 50 technical contract awards

were made to institutes from developed and developing countries.

4

CRP Subjects

The 2009 CRPs related to the following programmes:

Programme Subject Number of Active CRPs

1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power 14

1.2 (B.) Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Technologies 4 1.3 (C.) Capacity Building and Nuclear Knowledge Maintenance

for Sustainable Energy Development 1

1.4 (D.) Nuclear Science 18

2.1 (E.) Food and Agriculture 28

2.2 (F.) Human Health 33

2.3 (G.) Water Resources 5

2.4 (H.) Environment 3

2.5 (I.) Radioisotope Production and Radiation Technology 11

3.2 (J.) Safety of Nuclear Installations 3

3.3 (K.) Radiation and Transport Safety 1

3.4 (L.) Management of Radioactive Waste 4

3.5 (M.) Nuclear Security 3

Total 128

TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF FUNDS OBLIGATED BY PROGRAMME IN 2009

5

Regular Budget € Extrabudgetary Funding € RB+EB € Programme

Contracts CRP Purchases

RCM Expenses

Total By Programme Contracts CRP

Purchases RCM

Expenses Total By

Programme Total by

Programme

1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power 43 800 0 122 383 166 183 3 000 0 0 3 000 169 183

1.2 (B.) Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Technologies 45 000 0 22 870 67 870 0 0 0 0 67 870 1.3 (C.) Capacity Building and Nuclear Knowledge

Maintenance for Sustainable Energy 35 000 0 15 209 50 209 0 0 0 0 50 209

1.4 (D.) Nuclear Science 316 300 18 355 208 155 542 810 20 026 0 0 20 026 562 836

1. Major Programme 1 440 100 18 355 368 617 827 072 23 026 0 0 23 026 850 098

2.1 (E.) Food and Agriculture 1 808 339 2 390 595 017 2 405 746 0 0 0 0 2 405 746

2.2 (F.) Human Health 1 625 100 6 347 425 899 2 057 346 0 0 0 0 2 057 346

2.3 (G.) Water Resources 185 400 0 52 401 237 801 0 0 0 0 237 801

2.4 (H.) Environment 43 000 0 15 317 58 317 0 0 0 0 58 317

2.5 (I.) Radioisotope Production & Radiation Technology 334 000 4 387 330 054 668 441 0 0 0 0 668 441

2. Major Programme 2 3 995 839 13 124 1 418 688 5 427 651 0 0 0 0 5 427 651

3.2 (J.) Safety of Nuclear Installations 12 600 0 40 153 52 753 0 0 0 0 52 753

3.3 (K.) Radiation and Transportation Safety 28 240 0 13 270 41 510 0 0 0 0 41 510

3.4 (L.) Management of Radioactive Waste 32 800 0 46 990 79 790 0 0 0 0 79 790

3.5 (M.) Nuclear Security 0 0 0 0 174 300 0 44 015 218 315 218 315

3. Major Programme 3 73 640 0 100 413 174 053 174 300 0 44 015 218 315 392 368

Total 4 509 579 31 479 1 887 718 6 428 776 197 326 0 44 015 241 341 6 670 117

Total Contract Awards: 4 706 905 Total CRP Purchases: 31 479 Total RCM Expenditures: 1 931 733 Total CRA Expenditures: €6 670 117

6

FIGURE 1: Illustrates the Proportion of Regular Budget and Extrabudgetary Funding in 2009

€241 3414%

€6 428 77696%

Regular Budget Extrabudgetary Funds

FIGURE 2: Distribution of All 2009 Obligations by Programme and Type of Expenditure (in Thousands)

47 45 35

1 8081 625

18543

334174

5122

15

595426

53 15 44

337

3313 2863

18

0 0000000

33020823

4740 130

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

Contracts CRP Purchases RCM Expenses

Details of 2009 total obligations by project and type of award are provided in TABLE 2.

Annex II lists total obligations by country and programme.

TABLE 2: DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL 2009 FUNDS OBLIGATED BY IAEA PROJECTS

7

Research Contracts

Technical Contracts

Doctoral Contracts

CRP Purchases RCM

Programme No. Amount € No. Amount € No. Amount € Amount €

Total € No. Expenses €

Overall Total €

1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power A101 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 451 7 451A401 2 3 000 0 0 0 0 0 3 000 2 37 153 40 153A402 9 28 800 0 0 0 0 0 28 800 5 31 676 60 476A404 3 10 000 0 0 0 0 0 10 000 1 15 690 25 690A501 4 5 000 0 0 0 0 0 5 000 1 13 873 18 873A502 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 540 16 540Subtotal 18 46 800 0 0 0 0 0 46 800 11 122 383 169 183

1.2 (B.) Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Technologies

B201 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 22 870 22 870B202 3 12 000 0 0 0 0 0 12 000 0 0 12 000B302 3 18 000 0 0 0 0 0 18 000 0 0 18 000B401 2 10 000 1 5 000 0 0 0 15 000 0 0 15 000Subtotal 9 40 000 1 5 000 0 0 0 45 000 1 22 870 67 870

1.3 (C.) Capacity Building and Nuclear Knowledge Maintenance for Sustainable Energy Development

C201 7 24 000 0 0 0 0 0 24 000 1 15 209 39 209C303 0 11 000 0 0 0 0 0 11 000 0 0 11 000Subtotal 7 35 000 0 0 0 0 0 35 000 1 15 209 50 209

1.4 (D.) Nuclear Science

D102 4 16 000l 0 0 0 0 0 16 000 0 0 16 000D103 1 5 000 0 0 0 0 0 5 000 1 19 057 24 057D104 9 28 400 0 0 0 0 0 28 400 3 56 577 84 977D106 11 47 000 0 0 0 0 0 47 000 1 16 330 63 330D107 5 20 800 0 0 0 0 0 20 800 1 19 140 39 940D201 6 21 000 0 0 0 0 0 21 000 1 14 845 35 845D202 2 9 000 0 0 0 0 0 9 000 0 0 9 000D203 5 20 026 0 0 0 0 0 20 026 0 0 20 026D301 6 31 000 1 7 000 0 0 18 355 56 355 1 7 126 63 481D303 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 25 772 25 772D304 11 54 200 0 0 0 0 0 54 200 2 38 573 92 773D401 18 71 900 1 5 000 0 0 0 76 900 1 10 735 87 635Subtotal 78 324 326 2 12 000 0 0 18 355 354 681 12 208 155 562 836

2.1 (E.) Food and Agriculture

E102 20 70 300 4 34 000 0 0 0 104 300 2 56 447 160 747E103 39 245 800 0 0 0 0 0 245 800 2 48 891 294 691E104 13 112 000 0 0 0 0 0 112 000 3 60 152 172 152E105 11 74 800 1 8 400 0 0 0 83 200 0 0 83 200E108 25 134 750 3 30 000 0 0 0 164 750 1 25 129 189 879E202 39 319 689 5 42 800 0 0 2 390 364 879 0 0 364 879E203 11 132 500 4 24 800 0 0 0 157 300 3 92 793 250 093E301 10 82 500 0 0 0 0 0 82 500 1 36 347 118 847E302 22 144 000 0 0 0 0 0 144 000 2 66 958 210 958E401 20 112 000 3 26 500 0 0 0 138 500 3 124 294 262 794E402 13 73 000 0 0 0 0 0 73 000 1 53 622 126 622E403 19 122 500 2 18 000 0 0 0 140 500 1 30 384 170 884Subtotal 242 1 623 839 22 184 500 0 0 2 390 1 810 729 19 595 017 2 405 746


8

Research Contracts

Technical Contracts

Doctoral Contracts

CRP Purchases RCM



Overall Total €

2.2 (F.) Human Health F101 28 291 200 2 22 500 0 0 0 313 700 4 88 902 402 602F102 14 123 500 0 5 000 0 0 0 128 500 1 16 302 144 802F104 13 74 700 3 19 700 0 0 0 94 400 1 19 761 114 161F106 1 4 000 0 0 0 0 0 4 000 0 0 4 000F107 13 140 600 0 0 0 0 0 140 600 3 45 811 186 411F201 33 199 000 3 18 000 0 0 0 217 000 2 55 436 272 436F202 15 119 000 1 10 000 0 0 0 129 000 1 21 955 150 955F206 10 88 000 1 1 500 0 0 2 800 92 300 1 15 419 107 719F303 39 153 800 5 43 500 1 8 000 0 205 300 4 82 940 288 240F304 16 68 200 2 24 800 0 0 0 93 000 1 17 467 110 467F306 24 81 000 3 25 000 0 0 0 106 000 2 30 268 136 268F401 6 30 000 0 0 0 0 3 547 33 547 1 11 876 45 423F403 8 40 000 1 7 600 0 0 0 47 600 1 19 763 67 363F404 4 17 500 0 0 2 9 000 0 26 500 0 0 26 500Subtotal 224 1 430 500 21 177 600 3 17 000 6 347 1 631 447 22 425 899 2 057 346

2.3 (G.) Water Resources

G204 28 134 400 1 12 100 0 0 0 146 500 3 52 401 198 901G205 3 13 400 0 0 0 0 0 13 400 0 0 13 400G206 6 25 500 0 0 0 0 0 25 500 0 0 25 500Subtotal 37 173 300 1 12 100 0 0 0 185 400 3 52 401 237 801

2.4 (H.) Environment

H104 1 3 000 0 0 0 0 0 3 000 0 0 3 000H203 4 25 000 0 0 0 0 0 25 000 0 0 25 000H303 2 10 000 0 0 0 0 0 10 000 1 15 317 25 317H4010 1 5 000 0 0 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 5 000Subtotal 8 43 000 0 0 0 0 0 43 000 1 15 317 58 317

2.5 (I.) Radioisotope Production & Radiation Technology

I101 0 0 1 5 000 0 0 0 5 000 1 21 599 26 599I102 10 57 000 0 0 0 0 0 57 000 2 66 955 123 955I103 9 44 000 0 0 0 0 4 387 48 387 1 18 828 67 215I201 16 64 000 0 0 0 0 0 64 000 2 61 702 125 702I202 31 124 000 0 0 0 0 0 124 000 3 95 726 219 726I204 10 40 000 0 0 0 0 0 40 000 2 65 244 105 244Subtotal 76 329 000 1 5 000 0 0 4 387 338 387 11 330 054 668 441

3.2 (J.) Safety of Nuclear Installations

J301 4 12 600 0 0 0 0 0 12 600 1 22 319 34 919J601 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 17 834 17 834Subtotal 4 12 600 0 0 0 0 0 12 600 2 40 153 52 753

3.3 (K.) Radiation and Transportation Safety

K101 0 0 2 28 240 0 0 0 28 240 0 0 28 240K601 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 270 13 270Subtotal 0 0 2 28 240 0 0 0 28 240 1 13 270 41 510


9

Research Contracts

Technical Contracts

Doctoral Contracts

CRP Purchases RCM



Overall Total €

3.4 (L.) Management of Radioactive Waste L203 3 12 900 0 0 0 0 0 12 900 0 0 12 900L204 1 4 300 0 0 0 0 0 4 300 2 23 780 28 080L404 5 15 600 0 0 0 0 0 15 600 1 23 210 38 810Subtotal 9 32 800 0 0 0 0 0 32 800 3 46 990 79 790

3.5 (M.) Nuclear Security

M201 1 35 000 0 0 0 0 0 35 000 1 15 498 50 498M301 10 124 500 0 14 800 0 0 0 139 300 1 28 517 167 817Subtotal 11 159 500 0 14 800 0 0 0 174 300 2 44 015 218 315

Total 723 4 250 665 50 439 240 3 17 000 31 479 4 738 384 89 1 931 733 6 670 117

10

At the end of 2009, there were 1588 active research, technical and doctoral contracts and

research agreements supported by the IAEA. 94.5 % of these represented participation in the 128

active CRPs shown in Appendix A and 5.5% were individual contracts and agreements. 89 RCMs (see

Annex III) were held in support of the CRPs and an amount of €1 931 733 was spent in support of

these meetings. 26 of these RCMs were hosted by Member States, as listed in Annex IV. FIGURE 3

shows the distribution of contracts and agreements by Major Programme, and FIGURE 4 shows the

distribution of CRPs and RCMs held during the year, by programme.

144

269

772

268

62 73

0

200

400

600

800

Major Programme 1 Major Programme 2 Major Programme 3

FIGURE 3: Active Contracts and Agreements by Major Programme at the end of 2009

Total Contract: 978 Total Agreement: 610

MP 1: 1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power, 1.2 (B.) Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Technologies, 1.3 (C.)

Capacity Building and Nuclear Knowledge Maintenance for Sustainable Energy

Development, 1.4 (D.) Nuclear Science

MP 2: 2.1 (E.) Food and Agriculture, 2.2 (F.) Human Health, 2.3 (G.) Water Resources, 2.4 (H.)

Environment, 2.5 (I.) Radioisotope Production and Radiation Technology

MP 3: 3.2 (J.) Safety of Nuclear Installations, 3.3 (K.) Radiation and Transport Safety, 3.4 (L.)

Management of Radioactive Waste, 3.5 (M.) Nuclear Security

11

14 11

41 11

18

12

28

19

33

22

53 3 1

11 11

3 2 11 4 3 3 2

05

101520253035

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

FIGURE 4: CRPs Active at the End of 2009 and RCMs Held During the Year

Total CRPs: 128 Total RCMs: 89

3.1. Member State Participation

The distribution of all contract obligations in 2009 by country is shown in Annex II and Annex

V. 91% of the funds awarded for contracts were made to institutes in developing countries. FIGURE 5

shows the geographical distribution of all contract obligations in 2009.

FIGURE 5: Geographical Distribution of Obligations for Research, Technical, and Doctoral Contracts in 2009

North America€186 640

4%Eastern Europe€674 000

14%

South East Asia and the Pacific€255 500

5%Far East€589 050

13%

Middle East and South Asia

€694 70015%

Latin America€797 500

17%

Africa€1 232 615

26%

Western Europe€276 900

6%

12

3.2. Extrabudgetary Funding

Extrabudgetary funds amounting to €241 341 were obligated in 2009 for financing contracts and

RCMs. The obligated funds were from Japan, the United States of America, and the Nuclear Security

Multi-donors and Euros Funds as shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF 2009 EXTRA BUDGETARY FUNDS OBLIGATED

Funds CRP Code Type of Expenditure and Amount in €

Title RCMs Contracts Total

Number € Number € € I32007 Japan

Analyses of and Lessons Learned from the Operational Experience with Fast Reactor Equipment and Systems

1 3 000 3 000

T12018 United States of America Developing Techniques for Small

Scale Indigenous Molybdenum 99 Production Using Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Fission or Neutron Activation

2 8 000 8 000

T12020

Conversion of Miniature Neutron Source Research Reactors (MNSR) to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU)

1 4 000 4 000

Norway T12020

Conversion of Miniature Neutron Source Research Reactors (MNSR) to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU)

2 8 026 8 026

M22007 Nuclear Security Multi-donors Fund

Development and Implementation of Instruments and Methods for Detection of Unauthorized Acts Involving Nuclear and other Radioactive Material

8 30 000 30 000

M22007 Nuclear Security Fund (Euro) Development and Implementation

of Instruments and Methods for Detection of Unauthorized Acts Involving Nuclear and other Radioactive Material

1 28 517 61 500 90 017

13

TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF 2009 EXTRA BUDGETARY FUNDS OBLIGATED

Funds CRP Code Type of Expenditure and Amount in €

Title RCMs Contracts Total

Number € Number € € J02001 Nuclear

Security Fund (Euro)

Application of Nuclear Forensics in Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and other Radioactive Materials

3 47 800 47 800

J02002

Development of Methodology for Risk Assessment and State Management of Nuclear Security Regime

1 15 498 1 35 000 50 498

Total 2 44 015 18 197 326 241 341

3.3. Coordinated Research Projects Completed in 2009

21 CRPs were completed in 2009, 10 of which concerned topics in Nuclear Power, Fuel Cycle

and Nuclear Science, 11 in Nuclear Techniques for Development and Environmental Protection and

one in Nuclear Safety and Security. A list of these CRPs is included in Appendix C.

4. CRP EVALUATION REPORTS FOR COMPLETED CRPS

Evaluations of 31 completed CRPs are included in Appendix E. Work supported under these

CRPs resulted in the publishing of 740 articles and reports, scientific papers, proceedings of scientific

conferences and contribution to international conferences, as well as 12 IAEA TECDOCs, and various

scientific databases and websites. Detailed reports on the outputs, impact, and relevance of these

completed CRPs, as well as recommended future action and resulting publications are included in

Appendix E of this report.

TOTAL NUMBER OF PROPOSALS RECEIVED AND CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS AWARDED IN 2009

Annex I.1

Proposals Received Contracts and Agreements Awarded* Country

Contracts Agreements Total Regular budget

Extra-budgetary Agreements Total

Algeria 9 1 10 7 0 0 7 Angola 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Argentina 31 0 31 24 0 0 24 Armenia 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Australia 1 10 11 1 0 8 9 Austria 4 6 10 4 0 4 8 Bangladesh 16 1 17 15 0 1 16 Belarus 4 0 4 3 0 0 3 Belgium 2 6 8 2 0 3 5 Benin 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Botswana 3 0 3 2 0 0 2 Brazil 33 2 35 32 1 2 35 Bulgaria 7 0 7 8 0 0 8 Burkina Faso 13 0 13 12 0 0 12 Cambodia 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Cameroon 4 0 4 5 0 0 5 Canada 8 4 12 8 0 3 11 Chile 11 0 11 11 0 0 11 China 62 2 64 55 1 1 57 Colombia 4 0 4 5 0 0 5 Costa Rica 3 0 3 3 0 0 3 Côte d'Ivoire 3 0 3 3 0 0 3 Croatia 8 0 8 9 0 0 9 Cuba 20 1 21 20 0 0 20 Czech Republic 8 1 9 7 0 2 9 Democratic Rep. of the Congo 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Denmark 1 1 2 1 0 2 3 Ecuador 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Egypt 28 1 29 13 1 1 15 Estonia 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 Ethiopia 6 1 7 5 0 0 5 Finland 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 France 1 12 13 1 0 12 13 Gambia 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Georgia 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Germany 3 8 11 2 0 9 11 Ghana 20 0 20 20 1 0 21 Greece 5 2 7 3 1 1 5 Guatemala 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Guinea 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Hungary 12 0 12 11 1 1 13 India 52 2 54 49 1 2 52 Indonesia 16 0 16 12 0 0 12 Iran - Islamic Republic of 27 0 27 2 0 0 2 Iraq 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Israel 4 0 4 4 0 0 4 Italy 2 8 10 3 0 6 9 Jamaica 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 * Also includes contracts and agreements resulting from proposals received in previous years


Annex I.2




Japan 2 12 14 1 0 10 11 Jordan 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Kazakhstan 8 0 8 1 0 0 1 Kenya 17 0 17 15 0 0 15 Korea - Republic of 14 10 24 12 0 7 19 Kuwait 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 Lebanon 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Lesotho 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 Lithuania 3 0 3 3 0 0 3 Malawi 5 0 5 5 0 0 5 Malaysia 11 0 11 10 1 0 11 Mali 3 0 3 3 0 0 3 Malta 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Mauritania 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Mauritius 4 0 4 2 0 0 2 Mexico 21 0 21 18 0 0 18 Mongolia 1 0 1 2 0 0 2 Morocco 10 1 11 10 0 0 10 Mozambique 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 Myanmar 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Namibia 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 Netherlands 2 3 5 2 0 2 4 New Zealand 2 1 3 2 0 1 3 Niger 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Nigeria 9 0 9 6 0 0 6 Norway 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 Pakistan 31 0 31 23 2 0 25 Peru 6 0 6 6 0 0 6 Philippines 11 0 11 7 0 0 7 Poland 13 1 14 13 1 0 14 Portugal 3 1 4 3 0 0 3 Romania 18 0 18 13 1 0 14 Russian Federation 34 1 35 28 4 1 33 Saudi Arabia 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Senegal 4 0 4 3 0 0 3 Serbia 6 2 8 5 0 2 7 Sierra Leone 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 Singapore 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Slovakia 6 0 6 6 0 0 6 Slovenia 7 2 9 7 0 1 8 South Africa 26 1 27 22 0 1 23 Spain 3 4 7 1 0 4 5 Sri Lanka 4 0 4 3 0 0 3 Sudan 6 0 6 5 0 0 5 Sweden 1 2 3 1 0 2 3 Switzerland 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 Syrian Arab Republic 27 0 27 14 0 0 14 * Also includes contracts and agreements resulting from proposals received in previous years


Annex I.3




Thailand 22 0 22 17 0 0 17 TheFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 Trinidad and Tobago 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Tunisia 11 0 11 9 0 0 9 Turkey 16 0 16 11 0 0 11 Uganda 7 0 7 6 0 0 6 Ukraine 11 1 12 8 0 1 9 United Arab Emirates 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 United Kingdom 8 13 21 7 0 12 19 United Republic of Tanzania 7 0 7 7 0 0 7 United States of America 13 29 42 11 0 29 40 Uruguay 11 0 11 10 0 0 10 Uzbekistan 5 0 5 2 0 0 2 Venezuela 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 Vietnam 18 0 18 18 0 0 18 Yemen 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 Zambia 4 0 4 3 1 0 4 Zimbabwe 1 0 1 1 0 0 1

Total 918 159 1077 758 18 138 914

* Also includes contracts and agreements resulting from proposals received in previous years

DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL 2009 CONTRACT OBLIGATIONS BY COUNTRY AND PROGRAMME IN EURO

Annex II.1

Contracts MP 1 MP 2 MP 3 Country New Renewal 1.1 (A) 1.2 (B) 1.3 (C) 1.4 (D)

Total MP1

2.1 (E) 2.2 (F) 2.3 (G) 2.4 (H) 2.5 (I)

Total MP2

3.2 (J) 3.3 (K) 3.4 (L) 3.5 (M)

Total MP3

Total by Country

Algeria 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 500 0 0 4 000 22 500 0 0 0 0 0 22 500

Angola 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 0 8 000

Argentina 9 15 2 500 4 000 0 14 000 20 500 44 000 24 500 10 000 0 20 000 98 500 0 0 0 0 0 119 000

Armenia 1 0 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 000

Australia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Austria 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 34 400 0 0 0 0 34 400 0 0 0 0 0 34 400

Bangladesh 4 11 0 0 0 0 0 14 400 87 500 0 3 000 4 000 108 900 0 0 0 0 0 108 900

Belarus 1 2 3 500 0 0 8 000 11 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 12 000

Belgium 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 7 700 0 0 0 15 700 0 0 0 0 0 15 700

Benin 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 0 8 000

Botswana 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 17 300 0 0 0 0 17 300 0 0 0 0 0 17 300

Brazil 9 24 0 0 0 5 000 5 000 110 500 51 500 14 500 0 28 000 204 500 0 0 0 17 000 17 000 226 500

Bulgaria 3 5 0 4 000 6 500 8 000 18 500 24 000 0 0 0 0 24 000 4 200 0 0 0 4 200 46 700

Burkina Faso 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 56 905 27 200 0 0 0 84 105 0 0 0 0 0 84 105

Cambodia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 000 0 0 0 15 000 0 0 0 0 0 15 000

Cameroon 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 20 500 6 700 0 0 0 27 200 0 0 0 0 0 27 200

Canada 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 500 0 0 0 59 500 0 21 360 0 0 21 360 80 860

Chile 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 10 000 57 000 0 5 000 4 000 76 000 0 0 0 0 0 76 000

China 22 34 4 700 0 0 46 400 51 100 176 950 54 200 9 000 0 17 000 257 150 4 000 0 0 15 000 19 000 327 250

Colombia 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 500 9 000 0 0 21 500 0 0 0 0 0 21 500

Costa Rica 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 4 000 9 000 0 0 0 0 0 9 000

Côte d'Ivoire 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 22 258 0 0 0 0 22 258 0 0 0 0 0 22 258

Croatia 3 6 0 0 0 9 000 9 000 5 000 14 200 4 000 0 0 23 200 0 0 0 0 0 32 200

Cuba 5 15 0 0 8 000 0 8 000 22 400 42 200 4 000 5 000 14 000 87 600 0 0 4 300 0 4 300 99 900

Czech Republic 2 5 0 0 4 000 18 200 22 200 0 5 000 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 0 0 27 200 Democratic Rep. of the Congo 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 0 8 400

Denmark 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 0 0 6 000

Ecuador 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 0 0 5 000


Annex II.2


Total MP1

2.1 (E) 2.2 (F) 2.3 (G) 2.4 (H) 2.5 (I)

Total MP2

3.2 (J) 3.3 (K) 3.4 (L) 3.5 (M)

Total MP3

Total by Country

Egypt 4 10 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 7 000 38 700 0 0 16 000 61 700 0 0 0 0 0 65 700

Estonia 0 2 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 10 000 0 0 0 0 10 000 0 0 0 0 0 14 000

Ethiopia 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 13 400 32 200 0 0 0 45 600 0 0 0 0 0 45 600

Finland 1 0 0 0 0 7 000 7 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 000

France 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 000 0 0 0 10 000 0 0 0 0 0 10 000

Gambia 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 0 8 400

Georgia 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 0 0 0 0 0 4 000

Germany 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 16 400 0 0 0 0 16 400 0 0 0 14 800 14 800 31 200

Ghana 1 20 0 0 0 6 500 6 500 60 725 34 200 5 500 5 000 12 000 117 425 0 0 0 0 0 123 925

Greece 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 500 5 000 0 4 000 11 500 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 15 500

Guatemala 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 0 0 6 000

Guinea 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 0 8 400

Hungary 4 8 0 8 000 0 15 500 23 500 0 16 000 0 0 8 000 24 000 0 0 4 300 12 000 16 300 63 800

India 15 35 20 200 0 0 13 000 33 200 71 400 146 400 5 000 0 22 000 244 800 200 0 0 8 000 8 200 286 200

Indonesia 4 8 500 0 0 8 200 8 700 27 400 31 000 0 0 0 58 400 0 0 0 0 0 67 100

Iran - Islamic Republic of 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 9 000 17 000 0 0 0 0 0 17 000

Iraq 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 0 0 5 000

Israel 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 14 000 5 000 5 000 0 0 24 000 0 0 0 0 0 24 000

Italy 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 500 7 500 0 0 0 14 000 0 0 0 0 0 14 000

Jamaica 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 000 0 0 0 25 000 0 0 0 0 0 25 000

Japan 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Jordan 0 1 0 0 2 000 0 2 000 0 0 0 5 000 0 5 000 0 0 0 0 0 7 000

Kazakhstan 1 0 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 000

Kenya 6 9 0 0 0 0 0 96 700 20 600 0 0 0 117 300 0 0 0 0 0 117 300

Korea - Republic of 4 8 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 25 400 28 000 0 0 13 000 66 400 0 0 0 0 0 70 400

Lebanon 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 5 000 5 000 10 000

Lesotho 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 0 8 000

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0 1 0 0 0 4 026 4 026 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 026


Annex II.3


Total MP1

2.1 (E) 2.2 (F) 2.3 (G) 2.4 (H) 2.5 (I)

Total MP2

3.2 (J) 3.3 (K) 3.4 (L) 3.5 (M)

Total MP3

Total by Country

Lithuania 0 3 0 0 4 000 0 4 000 0 2 500 0 0 0 2 500 0 0 0 0 0 6 500

Malawi 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 40 000 0 0 0 48 000 0 0 0 0 0 48 000

Malaysia 1 10 0 0 0 5 000 5 000 11 700 19 000 0 0 8 000 38 700 0 0 0 8 000 8 000 51 700

Mali 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 22 900 0 0 0 0 22 900 0 0 0 0 0 22 900

Mauritania 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 0 8 400

Mauritius 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 000 0 0 0 0 4 000 0 0 0 0 0 4 000

Mexico 8 10 0 0 0 0 0 50 700 41 200 10 000 0 4 000 105 900 0 0 0 0 0 105 900

Mongolia 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 2 000 0 0 0 10 000 0 0 0 0 0 10 000

Morocco 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 15 000 22 500 19 000 0 0 56 500 0 0 0 0 0 56 500

Mozambique 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 700 0 4 400 0 0 11 100 0 0 0 0 0 11 100

Namibia 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 0 8 400

Netherlands 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 100 0 0 12 100 0 0 0 0 0 12 100

New Zealand 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 19 000 0 0 0 0 19 000 0 0 0 0 0 19 000

Niger 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 8 400 0 0 0 0 0 8 400

Nigeria 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 32 400 9 600 0 0 0 42 000 0 0 0 0 0 42 000

Pakistan 3 22 2 000 0 2 000 4 000 8 000 21 500 69 700 14 000 0 13 000 118 200 0 0 0 10 000 10 000 136 200

Peru 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 16 000 9 300 0 5 000 0 30 300 0 0 0 0 0 30 300

Philippines 0 7 0 0 2 500 0 2 500 19 800 26 000 0 5 000 4 000 54 800 0 0 0 0 0 57 300

Poland 6 8 3 500 0 0 10 600 14 100 22 000 9 000 0 0 20 000 51 000 0 0 0 8 000 8 000 73 100

Portugal 1 2 0 0 0 11 000 11 000 9 000 0 0 0 0 9 000 0 0 0 0 0 20 000

Romania 2 12 0 4 000 6 000 18 700 28 700 8 000 0 0 0 12 000 20 000 0 0 4 300 0 4 300 53 000

Russian Federation 7 25 9 400 5 000 0 67 800 82 200 7 000 3 000 0 0 13 000 23 000 4 200 0 12 900 60 000 77 100 182 300

Saudi Arabia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Senegal 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 31 400 0 0 0 0 31 400 0 0 0 0 0 31 400

Serbia 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 000 4 200 0 9 000 22 200 0 0 4 300 0 4 300 26 500

Sierra Leone 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 000 0 0 0 0 13 000 0 0 0 0 0 13 000

Singapore 0 1 0 0 0 4 200 4 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 200

Slovakia 2 4 0 6 000 0 4 000 10 000 10 000 3 000 8 000 0 0 21 000 0 0 0 0 0 31 000

Slovenia 3 4 0 0 0 5 000 5 000 0 35 500 0 0 0 35 500 0 0 0 0 0 40 500


Annex II.4


Total MP1

2.1 (E) 2.2 (F) 2.3 (G) 2.4 (H) 2.5 (I)

Total MP2

3.2 (J) 3.3 (K) 3.4 (L) 3.5 (M)

Total MP3

Total by Country

South Africa 6 16 0 0 0 7 000 7 000 77 200 79 900 0 0 0 157 100 0 0 0 0 0 164 100

Spain 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 0 8 000

Sri Lanka 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 000 10 000 0 0 0 24 000 0 0 0 0 0 24 000

Sudan 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 26 400 21 600 0 0 0 48 000 0 0 0 0 0 48 000

Sweden 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 0 0 6 000

Syrian Arab Republic 6 8 500 0 0 0 500 20 500 4 000 19 000 0 18 000 61 500 0 0 0 0 0 62 000

Thailand 3 14 0 0 0 0 0 19 000 58 500 0 5 000 21 000 103 500 0 0 0 0 0 103 500 The frmr.Yug.Rep.of Macedonia 1 1 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 0 6 000 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 0 0 10 000

Trinidad and Tobago 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 5 000 0 0 0 0 0 5 000

Tunisia 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 31 000 17 500 5 000 0 0 53 500 0 0 0 0 0 53 500

Turkey 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 23 000 11 800 9 200 0 8 000 52 000 0 0 0 0 0 52 000

Uganda 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 30 800 10 000 0 0 0 40 800 0 0 0 0 0 40 800

Ukraine 2 6 0 9 000 0 8 200 17 200 18 000 0 0 0 0 18 000 0 0 0 0 0 35 200

United Kingdom 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 27 000 18 000 0 0 0 45 000 0 0 0 0 0 45 000 United Republic of Tanzania 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 22 800 26 300 0 0 0 49 100 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 53 100

United States of America 4 7 0 5 000 0 0 5 000 27 500 66 400 0 0 0 93 900 0 6 880 0 0 6 880 105 780

Uruguay 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 8 400 46 000 0 0 8 000 62 400 0 0 0 0 0 62 400

Uzbekistan 0 2 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 0 0 0 0 4 000 4 000 0 0 0 0 0 8 000

Venezuela 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 6 000 0 0 0 0 0 6 000

Vietnam 5 13 0 0 0 0 0 60 900 32 000 9 500 5 000 9 000 116 400 0 0 2 700 0 2 700 119 100

Yemen 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 14 400 0 0 0 0 14 400 0 0 0 0 0 14 400

Zambia 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 16 400 7 500 0 0 0 23 900 0 0 0 8 000 8 000 31 900

Zimbabwe 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 8 000 0 0 0 0 0 8 000

Total 219 557 46 800 45 000 35 000 336 326 463 126 1 808 339 1 625 100 185 400 43 000 334 000 3 995 839 12 600 28 240 32 800 174 300 247 940 4 706 905

1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power

1.1.1.CRP I21020 Contracts: 0 Agreements: 17

Start: 2009-10-06


Start: 2009-10-14

CRP I31017 Contracts: 2 Agreements: 6

Start: 2009-10-12


Start: 2009-08-25


Start: 2009-07-07


Start: 2009-06-15


Start: 2009-03-31


Start: 2009-11-10 Cost:

(see footnote ¹)

(A.4.) Technology Development for Advanced Reactor Lines

Improved Understanding of the Irradiation Creep Behaviour of Nuclear Graphite

RCM Code: I3-RC-1147.1 End: 2009-11-12 Location: Vienna, AustriaProject Officer: Mzubanzi Bismark Tyobeka

RESEARCH COORDINATION MEETINGS (RCMs) HELD IN 2009 BY SUBPROGRAMME

Project Officer: Glockler Oszvald Cost: €7 451

Project Officer: Bilbao Leon Rosa Marina Cost: €24 666

Control Rod Withdrawal and Sodium Natural Circulation Tests Performed during the PHENIX End-of-Life Experiments

(A.1.) Integrated Support for Operating Nuclear FacilitiesAdvanced Surveillance, Diagnostics, and Prognostics Techniques Used for Health Monitoring of Systems, Structures, and Components in Nuclear Power Plants

RCM Code: I2-RC-1095.2 End: 2009-10-09 Location: Daejon, Korea

End: 2009-08-28

Location: Marcoule, France

Benchmark Analyses of Sodium Natural Convection in the Upper Plenum of the MONJU Reactor Vessel

Project Officer: Stanculescu Alexander Cost: €3 302

Heat Transfer Behaviour and Thermo-hydraulics Code Testing for Super-critical Water Cooled Reactors (SCWRs)

RCM Code: I3-RC-1104.2 End: 2009-10-14Project Officer: Stanculescu Alexander Cost: €1 397

Location: Marcoule, France

RCM Code: I3-RC-1105.2 End: 2009-10-16

Location: Vienna, Austria

RCM Code: I3-RC-1063.3 End: 2009-07-09Project Officer: Khamis Ibrahim Cost: €16 540


RCM Code: I3-RC-1085.2

Advances in Nuclear Power Process Heat Applications

Development of Methodologies for the Assessment of Passive Safety System Performance in Advanced Reactors

Project Officer: Stanculescu Alexander Cost: €11 203

End: 2009-04-03Project Officer: Kuznetsov Vladimir Cost: €15 690


Analyses of and Lessons Learned from the Operational Experience with Fast Reactor Equipment and Systems

RCM Code: I3-RC-1052.3 End: 2009-06-18 Location: Vienna, Austria

RCM Code: I3-RC-1119.1

¹ All participants attended the RCM at their own expense; thus RCM cost free for the IAEA.

Annex III.1



Start: 2009-02-25


Start: 2009-01-26


Start: 2009-10-27

1.2.2.CRP T12019 Contracts: 6 Agreements: 10

Start: 2009-09-15


Start: 2009-04-20

1.4.1.CRP F43018 Contracts: 3 Agreements: 8

Start: 2009-11-18

CRP F43017 Contracts: 1 Agreements: 10

Start: 2009-06-08

Location: Vienna, AustriaRCM Code: I3-RC-1118.1

Project Officer: Stanculescu Alexander Cost: €15 774Location: Vienna, Austria

Project Officer: Choi Jong Ho Cost: €12 488

Benchmarking Severe Accident Computer Codes for Heavy Water Reactor Applications

End: 2009-02-27

Analytical and Experimental Benchmark Analyses of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS)

RCM Code: I3-RC-1003.3 End: 2009-01-30

(A.5.) Support for Non-electric Applications of Nuclear PowerNew Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy

RCM Code: I3-RC-1140.1 End: 2009-10-28Project Officer: Khamis Ibrahim Cost: €13 872


RCM Code: T1-RC-1029.3 End: 2009-09-18


(B.2.) Nuclear Power Reactor Fuel Engineering

Location: Turku, Finland

Optimisation of Water Chemistry Technologies and Management to Ensure Reliable Fuel Performance at High Burnup and in Ageing Plants

Project Officer: Killeen John Christopher Cost: €22 870


Project Officer: Toth Ferenc Laszlo Cost: €15 209

(D.1.) Atomic and Nuclear DataLight Element Atom, Molecule and Radical Behaviour in the Divertor and Edge Plasma Regions

RCM Code: F4-RC-1144.1 End: 2009-11-20

Heavy Charged-particle Interaction Data for Radiotherapy


(C.2.) Energy Economy Environment (3E) AnalysisTechno-economic Comparison of Ultimate Disposal Facilities for CO2 and Nuclear Waste

RCM Code: I1-RC-1128.1 End: 2009-04-24 Location: Vienna, Austria


RCM Code: F4-RC-1078.2 End: 2009-06-12Project Officer: Capote Noy Roberto Mario Cost: €19 057

Location: Catania, Italy

Project Officer: Braams Bastiaan Johan Cost: €20 635

Annex III.2



Start: 2009-04-27


Start: 2009-03-31


Start: 2009-03-11


Start: 2009-03-04


Start: 2009-04-20


Start: 2009-11-03


Start: 2009-07-02


Start: 2009-05-26

Project Officer: Abriola Daniel Hugo Cost: €16 330

End: 2009-03-13


Minor Actinide Neutron Reaction Data (MANREAD)

RCM Code: F4-RC-1054.2 End: 2009-04-03Project Officer: Otsuka Naohiko Cost: €19 140


Development of a Reference Database for Ion Beam Analysis

RCM Code: F4-RC-1000.3 End: 2009-04-30

Project Officer: Braams Bastiaan Johan Cost: €15 782

Data for Surface Composition Dynamics Relevant to Erosion Processes

Location: Vienna, AustriaRCM Code: F4-RC-1051.2


Atomic Data for Heavy Element Impurities in Fusion Reactors

RCM Code: F4-RC-1005.3 End: 2009-03-06Project Officer: Braams Bastiaan Johan Cost: €20 160


Project Officer: Zeman Andrej Cost: €22 269

(D.3.) Accelerators and Nuclear Spectrometry for Materials Science and Analytical ApplicationsApplication of Nuclear Methods in Microstructural Characterisation and Performance Testing of Materials for Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Storage Technologies

(D.2.) Research ReactorsDevelopment and Application of the Techniques of Residual Stress Measurements in Materials

Cost: €14 845RCM Code: F1-RC-1023.3 End: 2009-04-24Project Officer: Ridikas Danas

RCM Code: F1-RC-1117.1 End: 2009-11-06

RCM Code: F1-RC-1074.2 End: 2009-05-28

Project Officer: Muelhauser Francoise

Improved Production and Utilization of Short Pulsed, Cold Neutrons at Low-medium Energy Spallation Neutron Sources

RCM Code: F1-RC-1056.2 End: 2009-07-04

Location: Rome, Italy

Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Project Officer: Dytlewski Nikolai Cost: €7 126Location: Jyvaskyla, Finland

Improvement of the Reliability and Accuracy of Heavy Ion Beam Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Cost: €16 304

Annex III.3


CRP G42002 Contracts: 6 Agreements: 7

Start: 2009-05-11


Start: 2009-11-23

2.1.1.CRP D24013 Contracts: 8 Agreements: 3

Start: 2009-10-26

CRP D15009 Contracts: 9 Agreements: 1

Start: 2009-10-05


Start: 2009-06-29


Start: 2009-11-16


Start: 2009-06-21


Start: 2009-06-08

Project Officer: Qingyao Shu Cost: €17 740

Pyramiding of Mutated Genes Contributing to Crop Quality and Resistance to Stress Affecting Quality

RCM Code: D2-RC-950.4 End: 2009-11-20 Location: Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Location: Athens, Greece

Unification of Nuclear Spectrometry Applications: Integrated Techniques as a New Tool for Material Research

RCM Code: G4-RC-1042.2 End: 2009-05-15

Cost: €10 735RCM Code: F1-RC-1087.2 End: 2009-11-25

(D.4.) Nuclear Fusion Research

Location: Warsaw, Poland

Project Officer: Markowicz Andrzej Cost: €25 772

Integrated Approach to Dense Magnetized Plasma Applications in Nuclear Fusion Technology

Project Officer: Kamendje Tchokobou Richard Leopold

Location: St. Louis, USA


(E.1.) Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production SystemsIsolation and Characterization of Genes Involved in Mutagenesis of Crop Plants

RCM Code: D2-RC-1136.1 End: 2009-10-31Project Officer: Lagoda Pierre Jean Laurent Cost: €24 610

Project Officer: Dercon Gerd Cost: €23 030Location: Vienna, Austria

Integrated Soil, Water and Nutrient Management in Conservation Agriculture

RCM Code: D1-RC-974.4 End: 2009-10-09


Improving Nutritional Quality by Altering Concentrations of Enhancing Factors Using Induced Mutation and Biotechnology in Crops

RCM Code: D2-RC-1126.1 End: 2009-07-03

Managing Irrigation Water to Enhance Crop Productivity under Water-Limiting Conditions: A Role for Isotopic Techniques

End: 2009-07-01Project Officer: Nguyen Minh-Long Cost: €25 129

Location: Beijing, ChinaRCM Code: D1-RC-1070.2


Integrated Isotopic Approaches for an Area-wide Precision Conservation to Control the Impacts of Agricultural Practices on Land Degradation and Soil Erosion

RCM Code: D1-RC-1134.1 End: 2009-06-12

Project Officer: Lokko Yvonne Rosaline Cost: €31 151

Project Officer: Nguyen Minh-Long Cost: €33 416

Annex III.4



Start: 2009-05-25


Start: 2009-05-25


Start: 2009-06-08


Start: 2009-06-08


Start: 2009-06-08


Start: 2009-10-19


Start: 2009-10-05


Start: 2009-02-09

End: 2009-05-29Project Officer: Lagoda Pierre Jean Laurent

End: 2009-05-29

Effects of Mutagenic Agents on the DNA Sequence in Plants

RCM Code: D2-RC-937.4Cost: €25 488


Project Officer: Mba Romuald Emma Chikelu Cost: €10 054Location: Vienna, Austria

Enhancing the Efficiency of Induced Mutagenesis through an Integrated Biotechnology Pipeline

RCM Code: D2-RC-1132.1

Development and Use of Rumen Molecular Techniques for Predicting and Enhancing Livestock Productivity

RCM Code: D3-RC-965.3

(E.2.) Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems


End: 2009-06-13

RCM Code: D3-RC-960.3 End: 2009-06-13Project Officer: Odongo Edwin Nicholas Cost: €39 698

End: 2009-06-13

Gene-based Technologies in Livestock Breeding: Characterization of Small Ruminant Genetic Resources in Asia

Project Officer: Garcia Podesta Mario Cost: €29 282Location: Vienna, Austria

Veterinary Surveillance of Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

RCM Code: D3-RC-988.3Project Officer: Viljoen Gerrit Johannes Cost: €23 814


Development of Generic Irradiation Doses for Quarantine Treatments

Project Officer: Cannavan Andrew Cost: €34 553

Development of Radiometric and Allied Analytical Methods to Strengthen National Residue Control Programs for Antibiotic and Anthelmintic Veterinary Drug Residues

(E.3.) Improving Food and Environmental Safety

Location: Vienna, AustriaRCM Code: D5-RC-1142.1 End: 2009-10-23

RCM Code: D6-RC-1143.1 End: 2009-10-09Project Officer: Blackburn Carl Michael Cost: €36 347



Integrated Analytical Approaches to Assess Indicators of the Effectiveness of Pesticide Management Practices at a Catchment Scale

RCM Code: D5-RC-1053.2 End: 2009-02-13Project Officer: Maestroni Britt Marianna Cost: €32 405

Annex III.5



Start: 2009-11-16


Start: 2009-02-16


Start: 2009-09-21


Start: 2009-09-21


Start: 2009-04-27

2.2.1.CRP E41015 Contracts: 9 Agreements: 2

Start: 2009-12-15

CRP E15019 Contracts: 9 Agreements: 0

Start: 2009-12-09


Start: 2009-12-07

Project Officer: Hendrichs Jorge Cost: €30 384

Improving SIT for Tsetse Flies through Research on their Symbionts and Pathogens

RCM Code: D4-RC-1048.3 End: 2009-02-20 Location: Bob-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

RCM Code: D4-RC-947.4 End: 2009-09-25

Development and Evaluation of Improved Strains of Insect Pests for SIT(E.4.) Sustainable Control of Major Insect Pests


Project Officer: Hendrichs Jorge Cost: €53 622Location: Pereybere, Mauritius

RCM Code: D4-RC-1141.1 End: 2009-11-20

Improving Sterile Male Performance in Fruit Fly Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Programmes


Location: Pereybere, Mauritius

Development of Mass Rearing for New World (Anastrepha) and Asian (Bactrocera) Fruit Fly Pests in Support of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)

RCM Code: D4-RC-968.4 End: 2009-09-25

Increasing the Efficiency of Lepidoptera SIT by Enhanced Quality Control


RCM Code: D4-RC-1107.1 End: 2009-05-01Project Officer: Hendrichs Jorge Cost: €40 702

Location: Christchurch, New Zealand

Stable Isotope Technique to Assess Human Milk Intake in Infants Living in Contaminated Areas

RCM Code: E4-RC-1137.1 End: 2009-12-17

2.2 (F.) Human Health

(F.1.) Nutrition and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control


Project Officer: Paez Gutierrez Diana Isabel Cost: €15 635Location: Vienna, Austria

Improved Accuracy of Molecular and Immunological Markers for Prediction of Efficacy of Antimalarial Drugs

RCM Code: E1-RC-992.3 End: 2009-12-11

Project Officer: Slater Christine Cost: €19 156


Stable Isotope Techniques in the Development and Monitoring of Nutritional Interventions for Infants and Children with Malaria, TB and other Infectious Diseases

RCM Code: E4-RC-1135.1 End: 2009-12-09Project Officer: Hunt Janet Ross Cost: €12 382

Annex III.6



Start: 2009-11-09


Start: 2009-11-02

CRP G34001 Contracts: 8 Agreements: 3

Start: 2009-09-21


Start: 2009-09-07


Start: 2009-04-06


Start: 2009-02-23


Start: 2009-12-01


Start: 2009-06-08

Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: The Efficacy of Food Based Interventions Evaluated by Stable Isotope Techniques

RCM Code: E4-RC-1017.3 End: 2009-11-12Project Officer: Davidsson Lena Margareta Cost: €17 794



Body Fat and its Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Overweight Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents

RCM Code: E4-RC-1016.3 End: 2009-11-05

Development of Standardised Mass Rearing Systems for Male Anopheles Arabiensis Mosquitoes


RCM Code: G3-RC-1084.3 End: 2009-09-25Project Officer: Hendrichs Jorge Cost: €19 761

Location: Bologna, Italy


Zinc Nutrition During Early Life

RCM Code: E4-RC-1010.3 End: 2009-09-10

Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition during Early Life; Addressing Nutritional Requirements by Stable Isotope Techniques

Project Officer: Davidsson Lena Margareta Cost: €16 302

RCM Code: E4-RC-1129.1 End: 2009-04-08Project Officer: Davidsson Lena Margareta Cost: €13 580




Exposure to Toxic and Potentially Toxic Elements in Women of Childbearing Age in Developing Countries

RCM Code: E4-RC-1009.3 End: 2009-02-26

Project Officer: Dondi Maurizio Cost: €27 270


RCM Code: E1-RC-1076.2 End: 2009-12-04

(F.2.) Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic ImagingAssessment of Left Ventricular Function in Coronary Artery Disease with Nuclear Techniques

Performance of Rest Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Management of Acute Chest Pain in the Emergency Room

Project Officer: Dondi Maurizio Cost: €28 166Location: Vienna, AustriaRCM Code: E1-RC-1058.2 End: 2009-06-12

Annex III.7



Start: 2009-03-09


Start: 2009-02-23


Start: 2009-11-24


Start: 2009-05-25


Start: 2009-05-18


Start: 2009-05-11


Start: 2009-02-23


Start: 2009-02-18

Location: Vienna, AustriaProject Officer: Zaknun John Cost: €21 955

End: 2009-03-12

Project Officer: Rosenblatt Eduardo Cost: €21 820

End: 2009-02-26Project Officer: Dondi Maurizio

Longitudinal Monitoring of Complicated Osteomyelitis by SPECT/CT

RCM Code: E1-RC-1125.1

Cost Effective Differential Diagnosis in Lung Cancer Using Gallium PET Generator Based Radiopharmaceuticals

RCM Code: E1-RC-1123.1Cost: €15 419

RCM Code: E3-RC-1138.1 End: 2009-11-27


Improving Outcomes in Radiotherapy Using New Strategies of Treatment Delivery with Focus on Oesophageal Cancer

(F.3.) Radiation Oncology and Cancer TreatmentResource-Sparing Curative Treatment for Rectal Cancer


End: 2009-05-28


RCM Code: E3-RC-940.4 End: 2009-05-20Project Officer: Zubizarreta Eduardo Hernan Cost: €19 166



Doctoral CRP on Clinical and Experimental Studies to Improve Radiotherapy Outcome in AIDS Cancer Patients



Short Course Versus Standard Course Radiotherapy, in Elderly and/or Fragile Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)

RCM Code: E3-RC-1127.1 End: 2009-05-13

Optimisation of Radiotherapy in Low Resource Settings: Paediatric Cancer Patients





Investigation of Optimal Radiotherapy Regimen and Type of Irradiation in Treatment of Painful Bone Metastasis


Annex III.8



Start: 2009-01-26


Start: 2009-12-01


Start: 2009-06-08


Start: 2009-10-19


Start: 2009-09-28


Start: 2009-05-04

2.4.3.CRP K41009 Contracts: 3 Agreements: 9

Start: 2009-04-14

Altered Fractionation and Radio-sensitisation in Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy



Project Officer: Izewska Joanna Cost: €11 876

RCM Code: E2-RC-1159.1 Location: Vienna, Austria

(F.4.) Quality Assurance and Metrology in Radiation MedicineDevelopment of Quantitative Nuclear Medicine Imaging for Patient Specific Dosimetry

End: 2009-12-04

End: 2009-06-12 Location: Vienna, Austria

Project Officer: Palm Stig Harald Cost: €19 763

Development of Quality Audits for Radiotherapy Dosimetry for Complex Treatment Techniques


Isotopic Age and Composition of Stream Flow as Indicators of Groundwater Sustainability

Project Officer: Kurttas Tuerker Cost: €12 477

RCM Code: F3-RC-957.4 End: 2009-10-02Project Officer: Vitvar Tomas Cost: €29 246




(G.2.) Isotope Methods for the Improved Understanding of the Water CycleUse of Environmental Isotope Tracer Techniques to Improve Basin-scale Recharge Estimation

RCM Code: F3-RC-1139.1 End: 2009-10-22

RCM Code: F3-RC-1082.2 End: 2009-05-08 Location: Vienna, Austria


Project Officer: Newman Brent David Cost: €10 678

(H.3.) Ocean Climate Coupling and Carbon Cycling (OC4)Nuclear and Isotopic Studies of the El Niño Phenomenon in the Ocean

RCM Code: K4-RC-945.5 End: 2009-04-17 Location: Lima, Peru

Quantification of Hydrological Fluxes in Irrigated Lands Using Isotopes for Improved Water Use Efficiency

Project Officer: Nies Hartmut Cost: €15 317

Annex III.9



Start: 2009-11-23


Start: 2009-10-05


Start: 2009-05-18


Start: 2009-03-23


Start: 2009-11-16


Start: 2009-10-12


Start: 2009-09-07


Start: 2009-07-27

Improved High Current Liquid and Gas Targets for Cyclotron Produced Radioisotopes

Project Officer: Pillai Maroor Raghavan Ambi Cost: €18 828

2.5 (I.) Radioisotope Production and Radiation Technology

RCM Code: F2-RC-1025.3 End: 2009-10-09Project Officer: Haji-Saeid Seyed Mohammad Cost: €21 599


(I.1.) Development of Radioisotope Products for Medical and Industrial ApplicationsDevelopment of Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals Based on 177Lu for Radionuclide Therapy

RCM Code: F2-RC-1037.3 End: 2009-11-27 Location: Prague, Czech Republic

Project Officer: Pillai Maroor Raghavan Ambi Cost: €38 070

Development of 99mTc Radiopharmaceuticals for Sentinel Node Detection and Cancer Diagnosis

Location: Athens, Greece

RCM Code: F2-RC-1122.1 End: 2009-03-27Project Officer: Haji-Saeid Seyed Mohammad Cost: €28 885


RCM Code: F2-RC-1077.2 End: 2009-05-22

Project Officer: Muelhauser Francoise

Development of 18F-labeled Radiopharmaceuticals (beyond [18F]FDG) for use in Oncology and Neurosciences

(I.2.) Radiation Technology Support for Cleaner Industrial Processes and Material Analysis and DevelopmentNeutron Based Techniques for the Detection of Illicit Materials and Explosives

RCM Code: F1-RC-1018.3Cost: €30 915

Project Officer: Safrany Agnes Cost: €27 845Location: Reims, France

End: 2009-11-20 Location: Johannesburg, South Africa

RCM Code: F2-RC-1091.2 End: 2009-10-16

Development of Radiation-Processed Products of Natural Polymers for Application in Agriculture, Healthcare, Industry and Environment

Evaluation and Validation of Radioisotopes Generators-Based Radiotracer for Industrial Applications

Optimization of Digital Industrial Radiography (DIR) Techniques for Specific Applications and Development of Procedures and Protocols

Project Officer: Jin Joon Ha Cost: €25 559

RCM Code: F2-RC-1059.2 End: 2009-09-11Project Officer: Jin Joon Ha Cost: €36 144

Location: Kjeller, Norway


Annex III.10



Start: 2009-06-15


Start: 2009-03-30


Start: 2009-01-19

3.2.3.CRP J72005 Contracts: 4 Agreements: 7

Start: 2009-12-07


Start: 2009-12-07


Start: 2009-11-16

3.4.2.CRP T21024 Contracts: 4 Agreements: 5

Start: 2009-11-09Project Officer: Bernard A.G. Neerdael Cost: €9 761

(L.2.) Management of Disposal of all Types of Radioactive WasteThe Use of Numerical Models in Support of Site Characterization and Performance Assessment Studies of Geologic Repositories

RCM Code: T2-RC-1014.3 End: 2009-11-13 Location: Kaunas, Lithuania

Cost: €36 663Location: Aargau, Switzerland

Development of Novel Adsorbents and Membranes by Radiation-Induced Grafting for Selective Separation Purposes

RCM Code: F2-RC-1075.2 End: 2009-06-19Project Officer: Sampa Maria Helena de O.

Nanoscale Radiation Engineering of Advanced Materials for Potential Biomedical Applications

Project Officer: Zeman Andrej Cost: €34 329Location: Vienna, Austria

(J.3.) Development and Use of Advanced Safety Assessment: Methods and Applications



RCM Code: F2-RC-1115.1 End: 2009-01-23

Application of Large Sample Neutron Activation Analysis Techniques for Inhomogeneous Bulk Archaeological Samples and Large Objects

Project Officer: Safrany Agnes Cost: €31 217

RCM Code: J7-RC-1081.3 End: 2009-12-11 Location: Vienna, Austria

Evaluation of Uncertainties in Best Estimate Accident Analysis


Project Officer: Boogaard Jean Pierre Cost: €17 834

Modelling and Analysis of Radionuclides Transport and Source Term Evaluation within Containment / Confinement and Release to the Environment, for Research Reactors

(J.6.) Safety of Research Reactors and Fuel Cycle Facilities

Project Officer: Park Chan Oh Cost: €22 319

RCM Code: J1-RC-1045.3Project Officer: Varley Kasturi Kalyanee Cost: €13 270

End: 2009-11-20 Location: Vienna, Austria

3.3 (K.) Radiation and Transport Safety

3.4 (L.) Management of Radioactive Waste

(K.6.) Safety of the Transport of Radioactive MaterialThe Appropriate Level of Regulatory Control for the Safe Transport of Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)

Annex III.11


CRP T23015 Contracts: 6 Agreements: 2

Start: 2009-11-16

4.4CRP T24008 Contracts: 5 Agreements: 14

Start: 2009-01-26


Start: 2009-12-09

3.5.3.CRP M22007 Contracts: 12 Agreements: 5

Start: 2009-08-31

Project Officer: Lumir Nachmilner Cost: €14 019

Upgrading of Near Surface Disposal Facilities

RCM Code: T2-RC-1133.2 End: 2009-11-20 Location: Habana, Cuba

(L.4.) Decommissioning of Installations and Remediation of Sites

Project Officer: Laraia Michele Cost: €23 210

Planning, Management and Organizational Aspects in Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

RCM Code: T2-RC-1103.1 End: 2009-01-30 Location: Thurso, UK


Cost: €15 498Project Officer: Gregoric Miroslav

Development and Implementation of Instruments and Methods for Detection of Unauthorized Acts Involving Nuclear and other Radioactive Material

RCM Code: M2-RC-1097.2 End: 2009-09-04 Location: Vienna, Austria

(M.3) Detecting and Responding to Malicious Activities Involving Nuclear and other Radioactive Material

(M.2.) Preventing Malicious Activities Involving Nuclear and Radioactive Materials and their Associated Development of Methodology for Risk Assessment and State Management of Nuclear Security Regime


Total Number of RCMs: 89 Total Cost of RCMs: €1 931 733

Cost: €28 517Project Officer: Mayorov Mikhail

Annex III.12

RESEARCH COORDINATION MEETINGS HELD IN 2009 BY COUNTRY

Annex IV.1

Country Number of Meetings

Austria (IAEA Headquarters) 61

Burkina Faso 1

Bulgaria 1

China 1

Cuba 1

Czech Republic 1

Finland 2

France 3

Greece 2

Italy 3

Lithuania 1

Malaysia 1

Mauritius 2

Norway 1

New Zealand 1

Peru 1

Poland 1

Korea, Republic of 1

South Africa 1

Switzerland 1

United Kingdom 1

United States of America 1

Total 89

2009 TOTAL CONTRACT OBLIGATIONS PER COUNTRY

Annex V.1

Country Total €

China 327 250 India 286 200 Brazil 226 500 Russian Federation 182 300 South Africa 164 100 Pakistan 136 200 Ghana 123 925 Vietnam 119 100 Argentina 119 000 Kenya 117 300 Bangladesh 108 900 Mexico 105 900 United States of America 105 780 Thailand 103 500 Cuba 99 900 Burkina Faso 84 105 Canada 80 860 Chile 76 000 Poland 73 100 Korea, Republic of 70 400 Indonesia 67 100 Egypt 65 700 Hungary 63 800 Uruguay 62 400 Syrian Arab Republic 62 000 Philippines 57 300 Morocco 56 500 Tunisia 53 500 United Republic of Tanzania 53 100 Romania 53 000 Turkey 52 000 Malaysia 51 700 Sudan 48 000 Malawi 48 000 Bulgaria 46 700 Ethiopia 45 600 United Kingdom 45 000 Nigeria 42 000 Uganda 40 800


Annex V.2

Country Total €

Slovenia 40 500 Ukraine 35 200 Austria 34 400 Croatia 32 200 Zambia 31 900 Senegal 31 400 Germany 31 200 Slovakia 31 000 Peru 30 300 Cameroon 27 200 Czech Republic 27 200 Serbia 26 500 Jamaica 25 000 Israel 24 000 Sri Lanka 24 000 Mali 22 900 Algeria 22 500 Côte d'Ivoire 22 259 Colombia 21 500 Portugal 20 000 New Zealand 19 000 Botswana 17 300 Iran, Islamic Republic of 17 000 Belgium 15 700 Greece 15 500 Cambodia 15 000 Yemen 14 400 Estonia 14 000 Italy 14 000 Sierra Leone 13 000 Netherlands 12 100 Belarus 12 000 Mozambique 11 100 France 10 000 Lebanon 10 000 Mongolia 10 000 The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 10 000 Costa Rica 9 000 Democratic Republic of the Congo 8 400


Annex V.3

Country Total €

Gambia 8 400 Guinea 8 400 Mauritania 8 400 Namibia 8 400 Niger 8 400 Angola 8 000 Benin 8 000 Lesotho 8 000 Spain 8 000 Uzbekistan 8 000 Zimbabwe 8 000 Finland 7 000 Jordan 7 000 Lithuania 6 500 Denmark 6 000 Guatemala 6 000 Sweden 6 000 Venezuela 6 000 Ecuador 5 000 Iraq 5 000 Trinidad and Tobago 5 000 Singapore 4 200 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 4 026 Armenia 4 000 Georgia 4 000 Kazakhstan 4 000 Mauritius 4 000 Total 4 706 905

Contracts: 1Agreements: 7

Agreements: 15


Agreements: 10




1.1.1 (A.1.) Integrated Support for Operating Nuclear Facilities1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power

I21019 Review and Benchmark of Calculation Methods for Structural Integrity Assessment of Reactor Pressure Vessels During Pressurized Thermal Shocks

Duration: 2005-09-15 to 2010-01-28 Officer: KANG, Ki Sig 2nd Officer: KUPCA, LudovitChinaCzech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Slovakia

I21020 Advanced Surveillance, Diagnostics, and Prognostics Techniques Used for Health Monitoring of Systems, Structures, and Components in Nuclear Power Plants

Duration: 2008-04-01 to 2011-03-31 Officer: GLOCKLER, Oszvald 2nd Officer: KANG, Ki Sig

Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary(2), Japan, Republic of Korea(2), Sweden, United States of America(4)

1.1.5 (A.4.) Technology Development for Advanced Reactor Lines

I25001 Small Reactors Without On-Site Refuelling

Duration: 2004-12-01 to 2010-02-03 Officer: KUZNETSOV, Vladimir 2nd Officer: MODRO, Slawomir Michael

Brazil, India, Indonesia, Lithuania, Russian Federation(3)Italy, Japan(2), United States of America(3)

I31013 Conservation and Application of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) Technology: Advances in HTGR Fuel Technology Development

Duration: 2000-11-01 to 2010-05-07 Officer: TYOBEKA, Mzubanzi Bismark

2nd Officer: RAO, Atambir Singh

China, France, Germany, Japan, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Russian Federation, South Africa, Turkey, United States of America

I31015 Advances in Nuclear Power Process Heat Applications

Duration: 2007-03-01 to 2010-01-21 Officer: KHAMIS, Ibrahim 2nd Officer: RAO, Atambir Singh

ArgentinaChina, Germany, India, Japan, Russian Federation, South Africa

I31016 Heat Transfer Behaviour and Thermo-hydraulics Code Testing for Super-critical Water Cooled Reactors (SCWRs)

Duration: 2007-09-15 to 2011-09-14 Officer: BILBAO LEON, Rosa 2nd Officer: CHOI, Jong HoChina(2), India, Russian Federation, United KingdomCanada, Finland, Italy, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Russian Federation, United States of America

I31017 Benchmark Analyses of Sodium Natural Convection in the Upper Plenum of the MONJU Reactor Vessel

Duration: 2008-07-15 to 2012-07-14 Officer: STANCULESCU, Alexander


India, Russian FederationChina, France, Japan, Republic of Korea, United States of America(2)

ACTIVE COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECTS AT END 2009

Appendix A.1



Agreements: 7






I31018 Development of Methodologies for the Assessment of Passive Safety System Performance in Advanced Reactors

Duration: 2008-07-15 to 2012-07-14 Officer: KUZNETSOV, Vladimir 2nd Officer: MODRO, Slawomir Michael

Argentina, India(2)France, Italy(2), Russian Federation, United States of America

I31019 Improved Understanding of the Irradiation Creep Behaviour of Nuclear Graphite

Duration: 2009-11-06 to 2012-11-06 Officer: TYOBEKA, Mzubanzi Bismark


Japan, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, South Africa, United Kingdom(2), United States of America

I32006 Analytical and Experimental Benchmark Analyses of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS)



Belarus, Brazil, China, Poland, Russian Federation(2)Belgium, France(2), Germany(3), Greece, Hungary, Italy(2), Japan, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Russian Federation, Spain(2), Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America

I32007 Analyses of and Lessons Learned from the Operational Experience with Fast Reactor Equipment and SystemsDuration: 2006-09-15 to 2011-10-01 Officer: STANCULESCU,

Alexander2nd Officer: RAO, Atambir Singh

China, India, Russian FederationFrance, Japan, Republic of Korea

I32008 Benchmarking Severe Accident Computer Codes for Heavy Water Reactor Applications

Duration: 2008-12-10 to 2012-12-10 Officer: CHOI, Jong Ho 2nd Officer: KIM, ManwoongChina, IndiaCanada, India, Republic of Korea, Romania

I33012 Control Rod Withdrawal and Sodium Natural Circulation Tests Performed during the PHENIX End-of-Life Experiments



India, Russian FederationChina, France(2), Japan, Republic of Korea, Switzerland, United States of America(2)

1.1.6 (A.5.) Support for Non-electric Applications of Nuclear Power

I35003 New Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy

Duration: 2009-09-11 to 2012-09-11 Officer: KHAMIS, Ibrahim 2nd Officer: RAO, Atambir Singh

India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Syrian Arab RepublicFrance(2), Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, United Kingdom, United States of America

Appendix A.2








I12004 Techno-economic Comparison of Ultimate Disposal Facilities for CO2 and Nuclear Waste

F41023 Development of a Reference Database for Ion Beam Analysis

Duration: 2008-12-10 to 2012-12-10 Officer: TOTH, Ferenc Laszlo 2nd Officer: BARKATULLAH, Nadira


1.2.2 (B.2.) Nuclear Power Reactor Fuel Engineering

T12019 Optimisation of Water Chemistry Technologies and Management to Ensure Reliable Fuel Performance at High Burnup and in Ageing Plants

Duration: 2006-05-01 to 2011-04-30 Officer: KILLEEN, John Christopher

2nd Officer: DYCK, Gary Robert

UkraineCanada, Finland, France, Hungary, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Sweden(2), United States of America

T12022 Improvement of Computer Codes Used for Fuel Behaviour Simulation FUMEX-III

Duration: 2008-09-01 to 2012-08-31 Officer: KILLEEN, John Christopher

2nd Officer: DYCK, Gary Robert

Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Romania, UkraineBelgium, Canada, China(2), Czech Republic, Finland, Germany(2), Hungary, India, Italy, Japan(2), Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of America

1.2.3 (B.3.) Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Reactors

T13013 Spent Fuel Performance Assessment and Research (SPAR III)

Duration: 2009-11-06 to 2013-11-06 Officer: RYU, Ho Jin 2nd Officer: DYCK, Gary Robert

Argentina, Hungary, SlovakiaFrance, Japan(2), Republic of Korea, Spain, United States of America(2)

1.2.4 (B.4.) Topical Issues of Nuclear Fuels and Fuel Cycles for Advanced and Innovative Reactors

T14002 Accelerator Simulation and Theoretical Modelling of Radiation Effects (SMoRE)

Duration: 2008-05-15 to 2012-05-14 Officer: INOZEMTSEV, Victor 2nd Officer: ZEMAN, AndrejKazakhstan, Russian Federation(2), Slovakia, Ukraine, United States of AmericaBelgium, China, France(2), India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United States of America(2)


1.3.2 (C.2.) Energy Economy Environment (3E) Analysis

Bulgaria, Cuba, Czech Republic, Lithuania, RomaniaAustralia, India, Republic of Korea, Switzerland


1.4.1 (D.1.) Atomic and Nuclear Data

Duration: 2005-07-01 to 2010-07-31 Officer: ABRIOLA, Daniel Hugo 2nd Officer: KELLETT, Mark Adrian

China, Croatia, Portugal, Russian FederationFinland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, United Kingdom

Appendix A.3










F41024 Minor Actinide Neutron Reaction Data (MANREAD)

Duration: 2007-07-01 to 2011-06-30 Officer: OTSUKA, Naohiko 2nd Officer: FORREST, Robin Alan

Austria, Belarus, China, Hungary, Russian FederationAustria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan

F41025 Characterization of Size, Composition and Origins of Dust in Fusion Devices

Duration: 2008-09-01 to 2013-08-31 Officer: BRAAMS, Bastiaan Johan 2nd Officer: CHUNG, Hyun Kyung

Russian FederationFrance, Germany(2), Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States of America(2)

F41026 Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra of Actinides

Duration: 2009-11-06 to 2012-11-06 Officer: CAPOTE NOY, Roberto Mario

2nd Officer: FORREST, Robin Alan

Belarus, China, Romania, Russian FederationBelgium, France, Japan, Slovenia

F42006 Updated Decay Data Library for Actinides

Duration: 2005-09-15 to 2010-09-30 Officer: KELLETT, Mark Adrian 2nd Officer: ABRIOLA, Daniel Hugo

IndiaFrance, United Kingdom, United States of America

F43016 Data for Surface Composition Dynamics Relevant to Erosion Processes


China, Russian Federation(2)Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, United States of America(2)

F43017 Heavy Charged-particle Interaction Data for Radiotherapy

Duration: 2007-09-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: CAPOTE NOY, Roberto Mario

2nd Officer: ABRIOLA, Daniel Hugo

BrazilFinland, Germany(2), Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland(2), United Kingdom, United States of America

F43018 Light Element Atom, Molecule and Radical Behaviour in the Divertor and Edge Plasma Regions


China(2), The frmr.Yug.Rep. of MacedoniaAustralia, Belgium, France, Japan, Spain, Sweden, United States of America(2)

F44002 Nuclear Data Libraries for Advanced Systems: Fusion Devices (FENDL-3)

Duration: 2008-07-15 to 2011-07-14 Officer: FORREST, Robin Alan 2nd Officer: ABRIOLA, Daniel Hugo

Hungary, Russian Federation, SloveniaFrance, Germany, Italy, Japan(2), Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Romania, United Kingdom, United States of America(3)

Appendix A.4










1.4.2 (D.2.) Research Reactors

F12023 Development, Characterization and Testing of Materials of Relevance to Nuclear Energy Sector Using Neutron BeamsDuration: 2009-12-16 to 2013-12-16 Officer: RIDIKAS, Danas 2nd Officer: INOZEMTSEV,

VictorCzech Republic, Hungary, Indonesia, Russian FederationGermany

T12018 Developing Techniques for Small Scale Indigenous Molybdenum 99 Production Using Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Fission or Neutron ActivationDuration: 2005-09-15 to 2011-09-14 Officer: BRADLEY JR, Edward

Eugene2nd Officer: RAMAMOORTHY, Natesan

Chile, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Pakistan, RomaniaArgentina, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Poland, United States of America(2)

T12020 Conversion of Miniature Neutron Source Research Reactors (MNSR) to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU)

Duration: 2006-09-15 to 2011-09-14 Officer: ADELFANG, Pablo 2nd Officer: SOLLYCHIN, Rayman

China, Ghana, Islamic Republic of Iran, Nigeria, PakistanUnited States of America

T12023 Feasibility Evaluation of the Use of Low Enriched Uranium Fuelled Homogeneous Aqueous Solution Nuclear Reactors for the Production of Short Lived Fission Product IsotopesDuration: 2009-09-11 to 2011-09-11 Officer: BRADLEY JR, Edward

Eugene2nd Officer: ADELFANG, Pablo

China, Russian FederationJapan, United States of America

1.4.3 (D.3.) Accelerators and Nuclear Spectrometry for Materials Science and Analytical Applications

F11013 Improvement of the Reliability and Accuracy of Heavy Ion Beam Nuclear Analytical Techniques

Duration: 2007-09-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: DYTLEWSKI, Nikolai 2nd Officer: MANK, GuenterCroatia, Finland, Portugal, South AfricaFinland(2), Germany

F12021 Improved Production and Utilization of Short Pulsed, Cold Neutrons at Low-medium Energy Spallation Neutron SourcesDuration: 2006-09-15 to 2010-09-15 Officer: MUELHAUSER,

Francoise2nd Officer: MANK, Guenter

Argentina, Czech Republic, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russian FederationJapan, United States of America

F12022 Application of Nuclear Methods in Microstructural Characterisation and Performance Testing of Materials for Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Storage TechnologiesDuration: 2009-09-11 to 2012-09-11 Officer: ZEMAN, Andrej 2nd Officer: MANK, Guenter

Argentina, Armenia, China, Russian Federation, UkraineAustralia, Canada(2), France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom

1.4.4 (D.4.) Nuclear Fusion Research

F13011 Pathways to Energy from Inertial Fusion - An Integrated Approach

Duration: 2006-06-15 to 2010-06-14 Officer: MANK, Guenter 2nd Officer: Czech Republic, Hungary, India, Republic of Korea, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation(3), France, Germany, Italy, Japan(2), Spain(2), United Kingdom, United States of America(2)

Appendix A.5


Contracts: 9

Agreements: 3


Contracts: 10

Agreements: 2

Contracts: 12

Agreements: 3


Contracts: 11

Agreements: 6

Contracts: 1


F13012 Integrated Approach to Dense Magnetized Plasma Applications in Nuclear Fusion Technology

Duration: 2007-09-15 to 2012-09-14 Officer: KAMENDJE TCHOKOBOU, Richard Leopold

2nd Officer: MANK, Guenter

Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Russian Federation(2), Singapore, Ukraine

Italy(2), Russian Federation


2.1.1 (E.1.) Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems

D12009 Managing Irrigation Water to Enhance Crop Productivity under Water-Limiting Conditions: A Role for Isotopic TechniquesDuration: 2007-09-15 to 2012-09-14 Officer: NGUYEN, Minh-Long 2nd Officer: HENG, Lee Kheng

China(2), Malawi, Morocco, Pakistan, Turkey, United States of America, Vietnam, ZambiaAustralia, Austria, Spain

D12010 Strategic Placement and Area-Wide Evaluation of Water Conservation Zones in Agricultural Catchments for Biomass Production, Water Quality and Food SecurityDuration: 2008-10-30 to 2012-10-30 Officer: SAKADEVAN, Karuppan 2nd Officer: HENG, Lee Kheng

China, Estonia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Lesotho, Nigeria, Romania, Tunisia, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States of AmericaFrance, United States of America

D12011 Integrated Isotopic Approaches for an Area-wide Precision Conservation to Control the Impacts of Agricultural Practices on Land Degradation and Soil ErosionDuration: 2008-12-08 to 2012-12-07 Officer: NGUYEN, Minh-Long 2nd Officer: DERCON, Gerd

Belgium, Chile, China(2), Germany, Morocco, New Zealand, Poland, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, United Kingdom, VietnamAustralia, Canada, United Kingdom

D15009 Integrated Soil, Water and Nutrient Management in Conservation Agriculture

Duration: 2004-12-01 to 2010-01-31 Officer: DERCON, Gerd 2nd Officer: NGUYEN, Minh-Long

Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Turkey, UzbekistanMexico

D15010 Selection and Evaluation of Food (Cereal and Legume) Crop Genotypes Tolerant to Low Nitrogen and Phosphorus Soils through the Use of Isotopic and Nuclear-Related TechniquesDuration: 2006-06-15 to 2011-12-31 Officer: ADU-GYAMFI, Joseph

Jackson2nd Officer: DERCON, Gerd

Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, China, Cuba, Ghana, Malaysia, Mexico, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, United States of AmericaAustralia, France, Germany, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal

D23025 Pyramiding of Mutated Genes Contributing to Crop Quality and Resistance to Stress Affecting QualityDuration: 2004-07-01 to 2010-04-23 Officer: SHU, Qingyao 2nd Officer: LAGODA, Pierre

Jean LaurentIndia

D23026 Identification and Pyramiding of Mutated Genes: Novel Approaches for Improving Crop Tolerance to Salinity and DroughtDuration: 2004-12-01 to 2010-12-31 Officer: SPENCER, Marie

Madeleine2nd Officer: LAGODA, Pierre Jean Laurent

Bulgaria, Cuba, Ghana, South Africa, TunisiaAustralia, Israel, Italy, United States of America(2)

Appendix A.6


Contracts: 12

Agreements: 5


Contracts: 1





Contracts: 12

Agreements: 2

D23027 Molecular Tools for Quality Improvement in Vegetatively Propagated Crops Including Banana and CassavaDuration: 2005-05-01 to 2010-04-30 Officer: LAGODA, Pierre Jean

Laurent2nd Officer: LAGODA, Pierre Jean Laurent

Bangladesh, Brazil(2), China, Cuba, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, PhilippinesColombia, Czech Republic, France, United Kingdom(2)

D23028 Improving Nutritional Quality by Altering Concentrations of Enhancing Factors Using Induced Mutation and Biotechnology in Crops Duration: 2009-01-12 to 2014-01-11 Officer: LOKKO, Yvonne Rosaline 2nd Officer: LAGODA, Pierre

Jean LaurentBotswana, Bulgaria, China, Ghana, India(2), Kenya, South Africa, UkraineDenmark, Germany, United Kingdom, United States of America

D24011 Effects of Mutagenic Agents on the DNA Sequence in Plants

Duration: 2003-09-15 to 2010-03-22 Officer: LAGODA, Pierre Jean 2nd Officer: SHU, QingyaoPhilippines

D24012 Enhancing the Efficiency of Induced Mutagenesis through an Integrated Biotechnology Pipeline

Duration: 2009-02-04 to 2014-02-04 Officer: TILL, Bradley John 2nd Officer: LAGODA, Pierre Jean Laurent

Cuba, Ghana, Poland, Sierra Leone, VietnamAustria, Germany, United States of America

D24013 Isolation and Characterization of Genes Involved in Mutagenesis of Crop Plants

Duration: 2009-05-12 to 2013-05-12 Officer: LAGODA, Pierre Jean Laurent

2nd Officer: SHU, Qingyao

Argentina, Bulgaria, China(2), India, Republic of Korea, Poland, PortugalGermany, United States of America(2)

2.1.2 (E.2.) Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems

D31024 Development and Use of Rumen Molecular Techniques for Predicting and Enhancing Livestock ProductivityDuration: 2003-11-15 to 2010-04-23 Officer: ODONGO, Edwin

Nicholas2nd Officer: VILJOEN, Gerrit Johannes

Brazil, China(2), Colombia, Cuba, Ethiopia, Germany, India, ThailandAustralia, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland, United Kingdom

D31025 Gene-based Technologies in Livestock Breeding: Characterization of Small Ruminant Genetic Resources in AsiaDuration: 2004-12-01 to 2010-04-26 Officer: GARCIA PODESTA,

Mario2nd Officer: MALEK, Massoud

Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil(2), China(2), Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, VietnamItaly, Malaysia

D32023 Veterinary Surveillance of Rift Valley Fever (RVF)

Duration: 2005-05-01 to 2010-04-30 Officer: VILJOEN, Gerrit Johannes 2nd Officer: UNGER, HermannBurkina Faso, Democratic Rep. of the Congo, Gambia, Germany, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, YemenFrance, Germany

Appendix A.7


Contracts: 13

Agreements: 3

Contracts: 17

Agreements: 4

Contracts: 12

Agreements: 4



Contracts: 9

Agreements: 5

Contracts: 3

D32024 Control of Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia (CBPP)

Duration: 2006-03-15 to 2011-03-14 Officer: UNGER, Hermann 2nd Officer: VILJOEN, Gerrit Johannes

Angola, Austria, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya(2), Mali, Namibia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, ZimbabweAustria, France, Switzerland

D32025 The Early and Rapid Diagnosis of Transboundary Animal Diseases: Phase I - Avian Influenza

Duration: 2006-12-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: VILJOEN, Gerrit Johannes 2nd Officer: LUCKINS, Antony George

Austria, Benin, Burkina Faso, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Republic of Korea, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines, South Africa, Sudan, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, VietnamChina, Netherlands, Sweden, United States of America

D32026 The Early and Sensitive Diagnosis and Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)

Duration: 2007-09-15 to 2012-12-31 Officer: DIALLO, Adama 2nd Officer: UNGER, HermannAustria, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan, TurkeyAustria, France, Sweden, United Kingdom

2.1.3 (E.3.) Improving Food and Environmental Safety

D52035 Integrated Analytical Approaches to Assess Indicators of the Effectiveness of Pesticide Management Practices at a Catchment Scale

Duration: 2006-12-15 to 2011-12-14 Officer: MAESTRONI, Britt Marianna

2nd Officer: FERRIS, Ian Glen

Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Ecuador, India, Kenya, PhilippinesAustralia, Cyprus, Germany(2), Sweden

D52036 Development of Radiometric and Allied Analytical Methods to Strengthen National Residue Control Programs for Antibiotic and Anthelmintic Veterinary Drug Residues

Duration: 2009-05-12 to 2013-05-12 Officer: PATEL, Rajendra Kumar P. 2nd Officer: CANNAVAN, Andrew

Brazil, China, Kenya, Republic of Korea, Mongolia, Peru, Sri Lanka, Thailand, TunisiaAustria, Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom

D62008 Development of Generic Irradiation Doses for Quarantine Treatments

Duration: 2009-06-11 to 2013-06-11 Officer: BLACKBURN, Carl Michael

2nd Officer: PARKER, Andrew Gordon

Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Africa, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, VietnamAustralia, United Kingdom, United States of America(3)

2.1.4 (E.4.) Sustainable Control of Major Insect Pests

D41020 Improving Sterile Male Performance in Fruit Fly Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Programmes

Duration: 2004-07-01 to 2010-03-22 Officer: HENDRICHS, Jorge 2nd Officer: CARDOSO PEREIRA, Rui

Mauritius, Mexico, South Africa

Appendix A.8


Contracts: 16

Agreements: 2

Contracts: 12

Agreements: 3

Contracts: 1

Contracts: 9

Agreements: 14

Contracts: 10

Agreements: 4


Contracts: 9


D41021 Development of Mass Rearing for New World (Anastrepha) and Asian (Bactrocera) Fruit Fly Pests in Support of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)Duration: 2004-11-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: HENDRICHS, Jorge 2nd Officer: JESSUP, Andrew

JohnArgentina(2), Bangladesh, Brazil(2), Greece, Israel, Mauritius, Mexico(2), Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, United States of America(2), VietnamAustralia, Italy

D41022 Increasing the Efficiency of Lepidoptera SIT by Enhanced Quality Control

Duration: 2008-09-15 to 2013-09-15 Officer: HENDRICHS, Jorge 2nd Officer: VREYSEN, MarcArgentina, Austria, China, India, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa(2), Syrian Arab Republic, TunisiaAustralia, United States of America(2)

D42010 Improved and Harmonized Quality Control for Expanded Tsetse Production, Sterilization and Field ApplicationDuration: 2003-06-12 to 2010-04-23 Officer: FELDMANN, Udo 2nd Officer: PARKER, Andrew

Kenya

D42012 Improving SIT for Tsetse Flies through Research on their Symbionts and Pathogens

Duration: 2007-03-15 to 2012-03-14 Officer: HENDRICHS, Jorge 2nd Officer: ABD ALLA, Adly Mohamed Mohamed

Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya(2), Slovakia, South Africa, Uganda, United Republic of TanzaniaAustria, Belgium, Canada, China, France(3), Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, United States of America(3)

D42013 Applying GIS and Population Genetics for Managing Livestock Insect Pests

Duration: 2008-04-01 to 2013-03-31 Officer: FELDMANN, Udo 2nd Officer: HENDRICHS, Jorge

Brazil, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iraq, Kenya(2), Mozambique, United Kingdom, YemenAustralia, France, Israel, United States of America

D42014 Development and Evaluation of Improved Strains of Insect Pests for SIT

Duration: 2009-05-12 to 2014-05-12 Officer: HENDRICHS, Jorge 2nd Officer: FRANZ, GeraldArgentina, China, Guatemala, India, Mexico, ThailandAustralia, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy(2), New Zealand, United States of America(2)


2.2.1 (F.1.) Nutrition and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control

E15019 Improved Accuracy of Molecular and Immunological Markers for Prediction of Efficacy of Antimalarial DrugsDuration: 2005-06-15 to 2010-04-30 Officer: PAEZ GUTIERREZ,

Diana Isabel2nd Officer: DONDI, Maurizio

Burkina Faso, Cameroon(2), Colombia, Kenya, Mali(2), Sudan, United Kingdom

E41015 Stable Isotope Technique to Assess Human Milk Intake in Infants Living in Contaminated Areas

Duration: 2009-09-04 to 2013-09-04 Officer: SLATER, Christine 2nd Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena Margareta

Bangladesh, Chile, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Slovenia, UruguayBrazil, Sweden

Appendix A.9


Contracts: 3


Contracts: 12

Agreements: 2






E43017 Assessment of Nutrients Uptake from Biofortified Crops in Populations from Developing Countries

Duration: 2005-07-01 to 2010-12-31 Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena Margareta

2nd Officer: LAGODA, Pierre Jean Laurent

Mexico, United States of America(2)

E43018 Zinc Nutrition During Early Life

Duration: 2005-09-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena Margareta

2nd Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena Margareta

Bangladesh, Guatemala, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Morocco, PakistanFrance, United Kingdom, United States of America

E43019 Body Fat and its Relationship with Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Overweight Pre-Adolescents and AdolescentsDuration: 2005-12-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: SLATER, Christine 2nd Officer: DAVIDSSON,

Lena MargaretaAustralia, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Jamaica, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, ThailandAustralia, United States of America

E43020 Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: The Efficacy of Food Based Interventions Evaluated by Stable Isotope TechniquesDuration: 2005-12-15 to 2010-12-14 Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena

Margareta2nd Officer:

Ethiopia(2), India, South Africa(2), Thailand, Uganda, United Republic of TanzaniaDenmark, United Kingdom

E43021 Food Fortification and Biofortification to Improve Micronutrients Status During Early Life

Duration: 2008-09-15 to 2012-09-09 Officer: HUNT, Janet Ross 2nd Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena Margareta

Bangladesh, Ghana, India(2), Indonesia, Mexico, Morocco, Thailand, ZambiaUnited States of America(2)

E43022 Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition during Early Life; Addressing Nutritional Requirements by Stable Isotope TechniquesDuration: 2008-10-30 to 2012-10-30 Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena

Margareta2nd Officer: SLATER, Christine

Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, India, Jamaica, Malawi, Mexico, Pakistan, SudanUnited Kingdom

E43023 Stable Isotope Techniques in the Development and Monitoring of Nutritional Interventions for Infants and Children with Malaria, TB and other Infectious DiseasesDuration: 2009-09-08 to 2013-09-09 Officer: HUNT, Janet Ross 2nd Officer: DAVIDSSON,

Lena MargaretaBangladesh, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Pakistan, United Republic of Tanzania, VietnamUnited Kingdom, United States of America

G34001 Development of Standardised Mass Rearing Systems for Male Anopheles Arabiensis Mosquitoes Duration: 2005-09-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: HENDRICHS, Jorge 2nd Officer: VREYSEN, Marc

Belgium, Ghana, Italy, Kenya, Pakistan, Sudan, United Republic of TanzaniaFrance, French Polynesia, United Kingdom

Appendix A.10


Contracts: 9

Agreements: 8

Contracts: 1

Contracts: 16

Agreements: 1



Contracts: 11

Agreements: 1



South Africa

E13030 Development and Quality Control of Hospital Prepared Radiopharmaceuticals for Infection Imaging for Use in HIV/AIDS Positive PatientsDuration: 2004-11-15 to 2010-01-19 Officer: DONDI, Maurizio 2nd Officer:

G34002 Biology of Male Mosquitoes in Relation to Genetic Control Programmes

Duration: 2007-12-01 to 2012-12-31 Officer: HENDRICHS, Jorge 2nd Officer: VREYSEN, MarcBangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cuba, Denmark, Ghana, Sudan, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and TobagoBurkina Faso, France, French Polynesia, Italy, United Kingdom(2), United States of America(2)

2.2.2 (F.2.) Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging

E13031 Role of Nuclear Cardiology Techniques in Ischemia Assessment with Exercise Imaging in Asymptomatic DiabetesDuration: 2006-03-15 to 2011-03-14 Officer: DONDI, Maurizio 2nd Officer:

Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, India, Lebanon, Pakistan, Slovenia(2), South Africa, United States of America, Uruguay, VietnamItaly

E13032 Performance of Rest Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Management of Acute Chest Pain in the Emergency RoomDuration: 2007-03-15 to 2011-03-14 Officer: DONDI, Maurizio 2nd Officer:

Brazil(2), Chile, Cuba, India, Pakistan, Slovenia, South Africa(2), VietnamAustralia, Belgium, Italy

E13033 Evaluation of the Biological Safety and Clinical Efficacy of 177 Lu-EDTMP for Bone Pain Palliation in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (PhaseI/II Clinical Trial)Duration: 2007-03-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: ZAKNUN, John 2nd Officer: PILLAI, Maroor

Raghavan AmbiBangladesh, China, Czech Republic, India, Italy, Pakistan(4), Poland, UruguayIndia, Italy

E13034 Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Coronary Artery Disease with Nuclear Techniques

Duration: 2007-09-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: DONDI, Maurizio 2nd Officer: Brazil, China, Cuba, Hungary, Pakistan, Philippines, Serbia, The frmr.Yug.Rep. of Macedonia, Uruguay, Venezuela, VietnamItaly

E13035 Longitudinal Monitoring of Complicated Osteomyelitis by SPECT/CT

Duration: 2008-10-30 to 2011-10-31 Officer: ZAKNUN, John 2nd Officer: DONDI, MaurizioChile, Egypt, India, Israel, Republic of Korea, South Africa(2), Thailand, TurkeyGermany

E13036 Cost Effective Differential Diagnosis in Lung Cancer Using Gallium PET Generator Based RadiopharmaceuticalsDuration: 2008-10-30 to 2011-10-30 Officer: DONDI, Maurizio 2nd Officer: KASHYAP, Ravi

Argentina, Chile, India, Republic of Korea, South Africa, ThailandGermany

Appendix A.11








Contracts: 10

Contracts: 10

E15020 Application of FDG-PET and Molecular Gene Profiling for Risk Stratification of Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Different Ethnic PopulationsDuration: 2006-09-15 to 2011-12-31 Officer: PAEZ GUTIERREZ,

Diana Isabel2nd Officer: DONDI, Maurizio

Chile, France, Hungary, India, Republic of Korea, Philippines, Thailand, TurkeyItaly, United Kingdom

2.2.3 (F.3.) Radiation Oncology and Cancer Treatment

E33022 Doctoral CRP on Clinical and Experimental Studies to Improve Radiotherapy Outcome in AIDS Cancer PatientsDuration: 2003-06-15 to 2010-06-14 Officer: ZUBIZARRETA, Eduardo

Hernan2nd Officer: WONDERGEM, Jan

Canada, China, United Kingdom, United Republic of TanzaniaUnited States of America

E33025 Resource Sparing Curative Treatment in Breast Cancer

Duration: 2005-10-01 to 2011-09-30 Officer: ROSENBLATT, Eduardo 2nd Officer: WONDERGEM, Jan

Canada, Cuba, Egypt(2), Ghana, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, TurkeyFinland, Japan

E33026 Clinical/Radiobiological Study on Viral-Induced Cancers’ Response to Radiotherapy, with Comprehensive Morbidity AssessmentDuration: 2006-09-15 to 2011-09-14 Officer: ZUBIZARRETA, Eduardo

Hernan2nd Officer: WONDERGEM, Jan

Brazil, Canada, India, Republic of Korea, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, South AfricaAustria, United Kingdom

E33027 Improving Outcomes in Radiotherapy Using New Strategies of Treatment Delivery with Focus on Oesophageal CancerDuration: 2006-12-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: ROSENBLATT, Eduardo 2nd Officer: ZUBIZARRETA,

Eduardo HernanCanada, China, Croatia, India(2), Pakistan, South Africa(2), ThailandUnited States of America

E33028 Investigation of Optimal Radiotherapy Regimen and Type of Irradiation in Treatment of Painful Bone MetastasisDuration: 2007-07-01 to 2010-06-30 Officer: ZUBIZARRETA, Eduardo

Hernan2nd Officer: ROSENBLATT, Eduardo

Algeria, Egypt, India, Lithuania, Mexico(2), Serbia, Tunisia, United KingdomSpain(3)

E33029 Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Duration: 2007-12-01 to 2011-12-31 Officer: ZUBIZARRETA, Eduardo Hernan

2nd Officer: ROSENBLATT, Eduardo

Canada, Chile, Croatia, Egypt, India, Malaysia, Malta, Pakistan, South Africa, Tunisia

E33030 Altered Fractionation and Radio-sensitisation in Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy



Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, India(2), Pakistan(3), Poland, Slovenia

Appendix A.12


Contracts: 13

Agreements: 1


Contracts: 9





Contracts: 11

Agreements: 6

E33031 Optimisation of Radiotherapy in Low Resource Settings: Paediatric Cancer Patients



Brazil(2), China, Cuba, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey, United States of America, YemenAustria

E33032 Improving Outcomes in Radiotherapy using Novel Biotechnologies: Modification of Tissue Reactions and the Use of Stem Cell TherapeuticsDuration: 2008-10-30 to 2012-10-30 Officer: WONDERGEM, Jan 2nd Officer: ZUBIZARRETA,

Eduardo HernanBrazil, China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea(2), Malaysia(2)France, Germany(2), Netherlands

E33033 Short Course Versus Standard Course Radiotherapy, in Elderly and/or Fragile Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Duration: 2009-02-04 to 2014-02-04 Officer: ROSENBLATT, Eduardo 2nd Officer: ZUBIZARRETA,

Algeria, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, Greece, Poland, Russian Federation, Tunisia

E33034 Resource-Sparing Curative Treatment for Rectal Cancer

Duration: 2009-09-04 to 2013-09-04 Officer: ROSENBLATT, Eduardo 2nd Officer: ZUBIZARRETA, Eduardo Hernan

Algeria, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, India(2), Indonesia, SlovakiaItaly

2.2.4 (F.4.) Quality Assurance and Metrology in Radiation Medicine

E21007 Development of Quantitative Nuclear Medicine Imaging for Patient Specific Dosimetry

Duration: 2009-06-11 to 2013-06-11 Officer: PALM, Stig Harald 2nd Officer: MEGHZIFENE, Ahmed

Bangladesh, Brazil, Croatia, Cuba, Egypt, South Africa, Thailand, UruguayGermany, United Kingdom, United States of America

E24015 Doctoral CRP on Quality Assurance of the Physical Aspects of Advanced Technology in Radiotherapy

Duration: 2008-06-15 to 2011-06-14 Officer: MEGHZIFENE, Ahmed 2nd Officer: IZEWSKA, Joanna

Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Ghana, India, ThailandCanada, Italy, Spain, United States of America(3)

E24016 Development of Quality Audits for Radiotherapy Dosimetry for Complex Treatment Techniques

Duration: 2009-03-26 to 2012-03-27 Officer: IZEWSKA, Joanna 2nd Officer: MEGHZIFENE, Ahmed

Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, PolandAustria, United Kingdom, United States of America


2.3.2 (G.2.) Isotope Methods for the Improved Understanding of the Water Cycle

F32004 Isotopic Techniques for Assessment of Hydrological Processes in Wetlands

Duration: 2006-09-15 to 2011-09-14 Officer: ITO, Mari 2nd Officer: AGGARWAL, Pradeep Kumar

Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Czech Republic, Ghana, India, Mozambique, Pakistan, Uganda, United Republic of TanzaniaAustralia, Austria, France, Spain, United Kingdom, United States of America

Appendix A.13



Contracts: 11

Agreements: 3

Contracts: 10

Agreements: 2





F32005 Quantification of Hydrological Fluxes in Irrigated Lands Using Isotopes for Improved Water Use EfficiencyDuration: 2007-09-15 to 2011-09-14 Officer: NEWMAN, Brent David 2nd Officer: AGGARWAL,

Pradeep KumarChina, India, Israel, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Syrian Arab Republic, TunisiaAustria

F33015 Isotopic Age and Composition of Stream Flow as Indicators of Groundwater Sustainability

Duration: 2004-07-01 to 2010-12-31 Officer: VITVAR, Tomas 2nd Officer: AGGARWAL, Pradeep Kumar

Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Ghana, Morocco, Pakistan, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, VietnamAustria, Netherlands, Portugal

F33016 Geostatistical Analysis of Spatial Isotope Variability to Map the Sources of Water for Hydrology Studies

Duration: 2006-09-15 to 2010-09-15 Officer: ARAGUAS ARAGUAS, Luis Jesus

2nd Officer: AGGARWAL, Pradeep Kumar

Austria, Croatia, Cuba, Greece, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Slovakia, Slovenia, Syrian Arab RepublicCanada, Spain

F33017 Use of Environmental Isotope Tracer Techniques to Improve Basin-scale Recharge Estimation

Duration: 2009-03-26 to 2012-03-26 Officer: KURTTAS, Tuerker 2nd Officer: NEWMAN, Brent David

Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, VietnamKuwait


2.4.1 (H.1.) Marine Environmental and Radiological Assessment (MERA)

K41011 Benchmarking Calibration for Low-Level Gamma Spectrometric Measurements of Environmental SamplesDuration: 2008-08-15 to 2012-08-14 Officer: OSVATH, Iolanda 2nd Officer: CECCATELLI,

AlessiaBangladesh, CubaAustralia, Belgium, France, Germany(2), Greece, Romania, Slovenia

2.4.2 (H.2.) Radioecological and Isotopic Solutions for Coastal Marine Problems (RISCMAR)

K41010 Applications of Radiotracer and Radioassay Technologies to Seafood Safety Assessment

Duration: 2007-09-15 to 2011-09-14 Officer: JEFFREE, Ross Anthony 2nd Officer: BYRON, David Henry

Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, VietnamCanada, China, France, French Polynesia, Japan, Switzerland

2.4.3 (H.3.) Ocean Climate Coupling and Carbon Cycling (OC4)

K41009 Nuclear and Isotopic Studies of the El Niño Phenomenon in the Ocean

Duration: 2004-03-01 to 2011-02-28 Officer: NIES, Hartmut 2nd Officer: HOULBREQUE, Fanny

Jordan, PeruAustralia(2), France, Monaco, New Zealand, United States of America(2)

Appendix A.14







Contracts: 9

Agreements: 3



2.5.1 (I.1.) Development of Radioisotope Products for Medical and Industrial Applications

F22042 Development of Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals Based on 177Lu for Radionuclide Therapy

Duration: 2006-10-15 to 2010-10-14 Officer: PILLAI, Maroor Raghavan Ambi

2nd Officer: ZAKNUN, John

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Czech Republic, India, Pakistan, Peru, UruguayAustria, China, Hungary, Italy, Poland, United States of America

F22045 Development of 99mTc Radiopharmaceuticals for Sentinel Node Detection and Cancer Diagnosis



Argentina, Brazil, China, Greece, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Romania, UruguayAustria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Switzerland(2)

F22047 Development of Radiopharmaceuticals Based on 188Re and 90Y for Radionuclide Therapy



Brazil, Cuba, India, Pakistan, Serbia, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, VietnamGermany, Italy(2), Republic of Korea, Poland, United Kingdom

F22048 Development of 18F-labeled Radiopharmaceuticals (beyond [18F]FDG) for use in Oncology and NeurosciencesDuration: 2009-01-12 to 2014-01-11 Officer: HAJI-SAEID, Seyed

Mohammad2nd Officer:

China, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab RepublicAustralia, Belgium, Canada, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America

2.5.2 (I.2.) Radiation Technology Support for Cleaner Industrial Processes and Material Analysis and Development

F11012 Neutron Based Techniques for the Detection of Illicit Materials and Explosives

Duration: 2005-12-15 to 2010-12-31 Officer: MUELHAUSER, Francoise

2nd Officer: MANK, Guenter

Chile, Egypt, Georgia, Poland, Russian Federation(2), South AfricaArgentina, Australia, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, United States of America

F22043 Optimization of Digital Industrial Radiography (DIR) Techniques for Specific Applications and Development of Procedures and ProtocolsDuration: 2007-03-15 to 2011-03-14 Officer: JIN, Joon Ha 2nd Officer:

Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Malaysia, Pakistan, Romania, Syrian Arab Republic, Uruguay, UzbekistanCanada, Germany, India

F22044 Evaluation and Validation of Radioisotopes Generators-Based Radiotracer for Industrial Applications

Duration: 2007-07-01 to 2011-06-30 Officer: JIN, Joon Ha 2nd Officer: HAJI-SAEID, Seyed Mohammad

Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, India, Republic of Korea, Pakistan, Poland, ThailandAustralia, Chile, France, Germany, Norway

Appendix A.15


Contracts: 11

Agreements: 6

Contracts: 11

Agreements: 4

Contracts: 10

Agreements: 5

Contracts: 10

Agreements: 6


Contracts: 11

Agreements: 3


F22046 Development of Radiation-Processed Products of Natural Polymers for Application in Agriculture, Healthcare, Industry and EnvironmentDuration: 2007-12-01 to 2011-12-31 Officer: SAFRANY, Agnes 2nd Officer: SAMPA, Maria

Helena de O.Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Egypt, Ghana, Philippines, Poland, Thailand, Turkey, VietnamCanada, France, India, Japan, Malaysia, United Kingdom

F23026 Development of Novel Adsorbents and Membranes by Radiation-Induced Grafting for Selective Separation PurposesDuration: 2007-09-15 to 2011-12-31 Officer: SAMPA, Maria Helena de

O.2nd Officer: HAJI-SAEID, Seyed Mohammad

Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Hungary, India, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Poland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, TurkeyFrance, Japan, Switzerland, United States of America

F23027 Application of Large Sample Neutron Activation Analysis Techniques for Inhomogeneous Bulk Archaeological Samples and Large ObjectsDuration: 2008-09-09 to 2012-09-09 Officer: ZEMAN, Andrej 2nd Officer: HAJI-SAEID,

Seyed MohammadBrazil, China, Egypt, Ghana, Malaysia, Peru, Romania, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, ThailandGreece, India, Japan, Netherlands, United States of America

F23028 Nanoscale Radiation Engineering of Advanced Materials for Potential Biomedical Applications

Duration: 2009-01-12 to 2013-01-12 Officer: SAFRANY, Agnes 2nd Officer: HAJI-SAEID, Seyed Mohammad

Argentina, Brazil, China, Egypt, Hungary, Islamic Republic of Iran, Poland, Serbia, Thailand, TurkeyFrance, India, Italy, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, United States of America


3.2.3 (J.3.) Development and Use of Advanced Safety Assessment: Methods and Applications

J72005 Evaluation of Uncertainties in Best Estimate Accident Analysis

Duration: 2006-06-15 to 2010-03-17 Officer: PARK, Chan Oh 2nd Officer: MODRO, Slawomir Michael

Bulgaria, China, India, Russian FederationCroatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russian Federation, Slovenia

3.2.6 (J.6.) Safety of Research Reactors and Fuel Cycle Facilities

J71011 Modelling and Analysis of Radionuclides Transport and Source Term Evaluation within Containment / Confinement and Release to the Environment, for Research ReactorsDuration: 2007-04-15 to 2011-07-31 Officer: BOOGAARD, Jean Pierre 2nd Officer: ABOU YEHIA,

HassanChile, China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Pakistan, Romania, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Ukraine, VietnamGermany, Greece, Turkey

J71013 Innovative Methods in Research Reactor Analysis: Benchmark against Experimental Data on Neutronics and Thermalhydraulic Computational Methods and Tools for Operation and Safety Analysis of Research Reactors. (Jointly conducted and equally funded with NEFW)Duration: 2008-10-17 to 2011-10-17 Officer: SHOKR, Amgad

Mohamed Amin2nd Officer: RIDIKAS, Danas

Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Syrian Arab Republic, UzbekistanArgentina, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, South Africa, United States of America

Appendix A.16


Agreements: 9







3.3 (K.) Radiation and Transport Safety

3.3.4 (K.6.) Safety of the Transport of Radioactive Material

J13011 The Appropriate Level of Regulatory Control for the Safe Transport of Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)

Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Romania, United Kingdom, United States of America

Duration: 2007-03-01 to 2010-02-28 Officer: VARLEY, Kasturi Kalyanee

2nd Officer: WHEATLEY, John Spence


3.4.2 (L.2.) Management and Disposal of all Types of Radioactive Waste

T21024 The Use of Numerical Models in Support of Site Characterization and Performance Assessment Studies of Geologic RepositoriesDuration: 2005-10-01 to 2010-09-30 Officer: 2nd Officer: MELE, Irena

China, Lithuania, Romania, UkraineBelgium, India, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom, United States of America

T21025 Behaviour of Cementitious Materials in Long Term Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Waste

Duration: 2007-06-15 to 2011-06-14 Officer: DRACE, Zoran 2nd Officer: SAMANTA, Susanta Kumar

Brazil, China, Romania, Russian Federation, SerbiaAustralia, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, India, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom(2), United States of America

T23015 Upgrading of Near Surface Disposal Facilities

Duration: 2007-11-01 to 2012-12-31 Officer: NACHMILNER, Lumir 2nd Officer: MELE, IrenaArgentina, Bulgaria, Cuba, Hungary, Romania, UkraineFrance, India

3.4.4 (L.4.) Decommissioning of Installations and Remediation of Sites

T24008 Planning, Management and Organizational Aspects in Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

Duration: 2008-05-15 to 2012-05-14 Officer: LARAIA, Michele 2nd Officer: DINNER, Paul Joseph Casserly

Hungary, Russian Federation(2), VietnamBangladesh, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Serbia(2), Slovakia, Ukraine, United Kingdom


3.5.2 (M.2.) Preventing Malicious Activities Involving Nuclear and Radioactive Materials and their Associated Facilities

J02002 Development of Methodology for Risk Assessment and State Management of Nuclear Security Regime

Duration: 2009-09-11 to 2012-09-11 Officer: GREGORIC, Miroslav 2nd Officer: Russian FederationFrance, Japan, Republic of Korea

3.5.3 (M.3) Detecting and Responding to Malicious Activities Involving Nuclear and other Radioactive Material

J02001 Application of Nuclear Forensics in Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and other Radioactive Materials

Duration: 2008-05-15 to 2011-05-14 Officer: SMITH, David Kenneth 2nd Officer: COLGAN, Peter John

Brazil, Germany, Greece, HungaryAustralia, Germany, Republic of Korea

Appendix A.17


Contracts: 12

Agreements: 4

Belarus, China, Cuba, India, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Poland, Russian Federation(2), United Republic of Tanzania, ZambiaAustria(2), United States of America(2)

M22007 Development and Implementation of Instruments and Methods for Detection of Unauthorized Acts Involving Nuclear and other Radioactive MaterialDuration: 2008-05-15 to 2011-05-14 Officer: MAYOROV, Mikhail 2nd Officer: COLGAN, Peter

John

Appendix A.18

1.21.2.4

T12021

1.41.4.3

G42003

2.12.1.2

D31026

D32028

D32029

2.1.4

D41023

2.22.2.3

E31006

2.2.4

E21008

2.32.3.2

F32006

F33018

2.52.5.1

F22049

3.23.2.3

J41007

(B.4.) Topical Issues of Nuclear Fuels and Fuel Cycles for Advanced and Innovative Reactors

CRPs APPROVED BUT NOT YET INITIATED AT END 2009

(B.) Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Technologies

(J.) Safety of Nuclear Installations

Production and Utilisation of Emerging Positron Emitters for Medical Applications with an Emphasis on Cu-64 and I-124

(F.4.) Quality Assurance and Metrology in Radiation Medicine

Development of Advanced Dosimetry Techniques for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology

(G.) Water Resources(G.2.) Isotope Methods for the Improved Understanding of the Water Cycle

The Use of Irradiated Vaccines in the Control of Infectious Transboundary Diseases of Livestock

(J.3.) Development and Use of Advanced Safety Assessment: Methods and Applications

Analysis and Development of Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) for Nuclear Power Plants (Assisting in the Use of Safety Management Tools)

Front-and Back-End of Multilayer Coated Particle Fuel Cycle for High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGR) and Selected SMRs

(D.) Nuclear Science

(E.) Food and Agriculture(E.2.) Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems

Use of Environmental Isotopes in Assessing Water Resources in Snow, Glacier, and Permafrost Dominated Areas under Changing Climatic Conditions

Estimation of Groundwater Recharge and Discharge by Using the Tritium-Helium-3 Dating Technique

(D.3.) Accelerators and Nuclear Spectrometry for Materials Science and Analytical Applications

Genetic Variation on the Control of Resistance to Infectious Diseases in Small Ruminants for Improving Animal Productivity

(F.3.) Radiation Oncology and Cancer Treatment

Safety and Optimisation of Radiation Sterilization in Tissue Banking: Studies on Functional Properties of Irradiated Tissue Grafts

Micro-analytical Techniques Based on Nuclear Spectrometry for Environmental Monitoring and Material Studies

(I.) Radioisotope Production and Radiation Technology(I.1.) Development of Radioisotope Products for Medical and Industrial Applications

Development of Molecular and Nuclear Technologies for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)

(E.4.) Sustainable Control of Major Insect Pest

Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Overcome Constraints to SIT Application and International Trade

(F.) Human Health

Appendix B.1

COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECTS COMPLETED IN 2009

Appendix C.1

1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power

I31014 Natural Circulation Phenomena, Modelling and Reliability of Passive Systems that Utilize Natural Circulation

Planned Duration: 2004-03-01 to 2009-03-04 Completed: 2009-03-04

Primary Officer: CHOI, Jong Ho Secondary Officer: BILBAO LEON, Rosa Marina


T12017 Delayed Hydride Cracking (DHC) of Zirconium Alloy Fuel Cladding Planned Duration: 2005-03-01 to 2009-12-31

Completed: 2009-09-23 Primary Officer: INOZEMTSEV, Victor

1.3 (C.) Capacity Building and Nuclear Knowledge Maintenance for Sustainable Energy

Development I11005 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Mitigation Strategies and Energy Options Planned Duration: 2006-09-15 to 2009-12-14

Completed: 2009-12-14 Primary Officer: JALAL, Ahmed Secondary Officer: ROGNER, Hans-Holger

L53001 Comparative Analysis of Methods and Tools for Nuclear Knowledge Preservation Planned Duration: 2006-09-15 to 2009-10-05

Completed: 2009-10-05 Primary Officer: KITAEV, Igor


F12018 Development of Harmonized QA/AC Procedures for Maintenance and Repair of Nuclear Instruments


Primary Officer: MUELHAUSER, Francoise Secondary Officer: MANK, Guenter

F12020 Development and Application of the Techniques of Residual Stress Measurements in Materials Planned Duration: 2006-03-15 to 2009-03-14

Completed: 2009-09-11 Primary Officer: RIDIKAS, Danas Secondary Officer: ZEMAN, Andrej

F42005 Reference Database for Neutron Activation Analysis Planned Duration: 2005-07-01 to 2009-09-30

Completed: 2009-12-09 Primary Officer: KELLETT, Mark Adrian Secondary Officer: ABRIOLA, Daniel Hugo

F43014 Atomic and Molecular Data for Plasma Modelling Planned Duration: 2005-06-15 to 2009-06-14

Completed: 2009-08-19 Primary Officer: BRAAMS, Bastiaan Johan

F43015 Atomic Data for Heavy Element Impurities in Fusion Reactors Planned Duration: 2005-09-15 to 2009-11-24

Completed: 2009-11-24 Primary Officer: BRAAMS, Bastiaan Johan

G42002 Unification of Nuclear Spectrometry Applications: Integrated Techniques as a New Tool for Material Research


Primary Officer: MARKOWICZ, Andrzej Secondary Officer: MUELHAUSER, Francoise


E13028 Standardisation and Quality Control of In-House Prepared Radiopharmaceuticals for Nuclear Oncology


Primary Officer: DONDI, Maurizio

COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECTS COMPLETED IN 2009

Appendix C.2

E21005 Harmonization of Quality Practices for Nuclear Medicine Radioactivity Measurements


Primary Officer: PALM, Stig Harald Secondary Officer: MEGHZIFENE, Ahmed

E21006 Testing of the Implementation of the Code of Practice for Dosimetry in X-Ray Diagnostic Radiology


Primary Officer: MCLEAN, Ian Donald Secondary Officer: MEGHZIFENE, Ahmed

E33023 Resource Sparing Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer Planned Duration: 2003-09-15 to 2009-12-31

Completed: 2009-01-16 Primary Officer: ROSENBLATT, Eduardo

E41014 Exposure to Toxic and Potentially Toxic Elements in Women of Childbearing Age in Developing Countries


Primary Officer: SLATER, Christine Secondary Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena

E43015 The Application of Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques in Studies Related to Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Issues in Populations from Developing Countries


Primary Officer: DAVIDSSON, Lena


F21010 Validation of Tracers and Software for Inter-Well Investigations Planned Duration: 2004-07-01 to 2009-04-30

Completed: 2009-06-29 Primary Officer: JIN, Joon Ha Secondary Officer: HAJI-SAEID, Seyed Mohammad

F22041 Improved High Current Liquid and Gas Targets for Cyclotron Produced Radioisotopes Planned Duration: 2005-12-15 to 2009-12-31

Completed: 2009-11-24 Primary Officer: HAJI-SAEID, Seyed MohammadSecondary Officer: PILLAI, Maroor Raghavan Ambi

F23023 Applications of Nuclear Analytical Techniques to Investigate the Authenticity of Art Objects Planned Duration: 2004-11-15 to 2009-02-17

Completed: 2009-02-17 Primary Officer: HAJI-SAEID, Seyed MohammadSecondary Officer: SAMPA, Maria Helena

F23024 Electron Beam Treatment of Organic Pollutants Contained in Gaseous Streams Planned Duration: 2004-12-15 to 2009-03-27

Completed: 2009-03-27 Primary Officer: SAMPA, Maria Helena Secondary Officer: SAFRANY, Agnes


T24007 Innovative and Adaptive Technologies in Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities Planned Duration: 2004-05-01 to 2009-12-03

Completed: 2009-12-03 Primary Officer: LARAIA, Michele Secondary Officer: DINNER, Paul

IAEA 2009 PROGRAMME/SUBPROGRAMME AND CORRESPONDING CRP CODES

Appendix D.1

MAJOR PROGRAMME 1. NUCLEAR POWER, FUEL CYCLE AND NUCLEAR SCIENCE

1.1 (A.) Nuclear Power CRP Code1 1.1.1 (A.1.) Integrated Support for Operating Nuclear Facilities I2 1.1.5 (A.4.) Technology Development for Advanced Reactor Lines I2 I3 1.1.6 (A.5.) Support for Non-electric Applications of Nuclear Power I3

1.2 (B.) Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Technologies 1.2.2 (B.2.) Nuclear Power Reactor Fuel Engineering T1 1.2.3 (B.3.) Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Reactors T1 1.2.4 (B.4.) Topical Issues of Nuclear Fuels and Fuel Cycles for Advanced and Innovative

Reactors T1


1.3.2 (C.2.) Energy Economy Environment (3E) Analysis I1 1.3.3 (C.3.) Nuclear Knowledge Management L5

1.4 (D.) Nuclear Science 1.4.1 (D.1.) Atomic and Nuclear Data F4 1.4.2 (D.2.) Research Reactors F1, T1, J7 1.4.3 (D.3.) Accelerators and Nuclear Spectrometry for Materials Science and Analytical

Applications F1, G4, T1

1.4.4 (D.4.) Nuclear Fusion Research F1 MAJOR PROGRAMME 2. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPMENT AND

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2.1 (E.) Food and Agriculture 2.1.1 (E.1.) Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production Systems D1, D2, 2.1.2 (E.2.) Sustainable Intensification of Livestock Production Systems D3 2.1.3 (E.3.) Improving Food and Environmental Safety D5, D6 2.1.4 (E.4.) Sustainable Control of Major Insect Pests D4

2.2 (F.) Human Health 2.2.1 (F.1.) Nutrition and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control E1, E4, G32.2.2 (F.2.) Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging E1 2.2.3 (F.3.) Radiation Oncology and Cancer Treatment E3 2.2.4 (F.4.) Quality Assurance and Metrology in Radiation Medicine E2

2.3 (G.) Water Resources2.3.1 (G.1.) Sustainable Water Use and Services F3 2.3.2 (G.2.) Isotope Methods for the Improved Understanding of the Water Cycle F3

2.4 (H.) Environment 2.4.1 (H.1.) Marine Environmental and Radiological Assessment (MERA) K4

1 Refers to the Section code under which the CRP is being conducted

IAEA 2009 PROGRAMME/SUBPROGRAMME AND CORRESPONDING CRP CODES

Appendix D.2

2.4.2 (H.2.) Radioecological and Isotopic Solutions for Coastal Marine Problems (RISCMAR

K4

2.4.3 (H.3.) Ocean Climate Coupling and Carbon Cycling (OC4) K4 2.4.4 (H.4.) Supporting Analytical Laboratory Performance K4

2.5 (I.) Radioisotope Production and Radiation Technology 2.5.1 (I.1.) Development of Radioisotope Products for Medical and Industrial

Applications F2

2.5.2 (I.2.) Radiation Technology Support for Cleaner Industrial Processes and Material Analysis and Development

F1, F2

MAJOR PROGRAMME 3. NUCLEAR SAFETY AND SECURITY

3.2 (J.) Safety of Nuclear Installations 3.2.3 (J.3.) Development and Use of Advanced Safety Assessment: Methods and

Applications J7

3.2.6 (J.6.) Safety of Research Reactors and Fuel Cycle Facilities J7

3.3 (K.) Radiation and Transport Safety 3.3.1 (K.1.) Developing Safety Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and

for the Safety of Radiation Sources J1

3.3.4 (K.6.) Safety of the Transport of Radioactive Material J1

3.4 (L.) Management of Radioactive Waste 3.4.2 (L.2.) Management and Disposal of all Types of Radioactive Waste T2 3.4.4 (L.4.) Decommissioning of Installations and Remediation of Sites T2

3.5 (M.) Nuclear Security 3.5.2 (M.2.) Preventing Malicious Activities Involving Nuclear and Radioactive Materials

and their Associated Facilities J0

3.5.3 (M.3.) Detecting and Responding to Malicious Activities involving Nuclear and other Radioactive Material

J0, M2

CRP EVALUATION REPORTS FOR COMPLETED CRPs

1.1 (A.) Nuclear PowerI31014 Natural Circulation Phenomena, Modelling and Reliability of Passive Systems that Utilize

Natural CirculationE.1

I32004 Studies of Innovative Reactor Technology Options for Effective Incineration of Radioactive Waste

E.3

1.2 (B.) Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials TechnologiesT13011 Study of Process-Losses in Separation Processes in Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T)

Systems in View of Minimizing Long Term Environmental ImpactE.6


I11005 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Mitigation Strategies and Energy Options E.9

L53001 Comparative Analysis of Methods and Tools for Nuclear Knowledge Preservation E.11

1.4 (D.) Nuclear ScienceF11010 Development of Distance Learning (DL) Modules on Troubleshooting of Nuclear

InstrumentsE.13

F12020 Development and Application of the Techniques of Residual Stress Measurements in Materials

E.15

F13010 Joint Research Using Small Tokamaks E.20

F41022 Parameters for Calculation of Nuclear Reactions of Relevance to Non-Energy Nuclear Applications

E.33

F42005 Reference Database for Neutron Activation Analysis E.38

F43014 Atomic and Molecular Data for Plasma Modelling E.41

G42002 Unification of Nuclear Spectrometry Applications: Integrated Techniques as a New Tool for Material Research

E.50

T13012 Spent Fuel Performance Assessment and Research (SPAR II) E.62

2.1 (E.) Food and AgricultureD12008 Selection for Greater Agronomic Water-Use Efficiency in Wheat and Rice Using Carbon

Isotope DiscriminationE.64

D23024 Physical Mapping Technologies for the Identification and Characterization of Mutated Genes Contributing to Crop Quality

E.67

D41018 Improvement of Codling Moth SIT to Facilitate Expansion of Field Application E.75

D61023 Testing the Efficiency and Uncertainty of Sample Processing for Analysis of Food Contaminants

E.84

2.2 (F.) Human HealthE13027 Role of Radionuclide Techniques in the Diagnosis of Early Dementia E.86

E13028 Standardisation and Quality Control of In-House Prepared Radiopharmaceuticals for Nuclear Oncology

E.89

E13029 Evaluation of a Single Utilization of Pulmonary Perfusion Scintigraphy in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism

E.95

E21005 Harmonization of Quality Practices for Nuclear Medicine Radioactivity Measurements E.98

E21006 Testing of the Implementation of the Code of Practice for Dosimetry in X-Ray Diagnostic Radiology

E.101

E24014 Development of Procedures for in Vivo Dosimetry in Radiotherapy E.105

Appendix E 1.1

E43015 The Application of Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques in Studies Related to Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Issues in Populations from Developing Countries

E.107

E43016 Assessment of Total Energy Expenditure and Body Composition for Older Adult Subjects with Different Lifestyles

E.110


F21010 Validation of Tracers and Software for Inter-Well Investigations E.116

F22041 Improved High Current Liquid and Gas Targets for Cyclotron Produced Radioisotopes E.119

F23023 Applications of Nuclear Analytical Techniques to Investigate the Authenticity of Art Objects

E.123

F23024 Electron Beam Treatment of Organic Pollutants Contained in Gaseous Streams E.127

3.4 (L.) Management of Radioactive WasteT21022 Characterization of Swelling Clays Considered for use as Components of the Engineered

Barriers System for Geological RepositoriesE.131

T24007 Innovative and Adaptive Technologies in Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities E.134

Appendix E 1.2

Appendix E.1

CRP No. 562 (I31014)

CRP Evaluation Report

Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Natural Circulation Phenomena, Modelling and Reliability of Passive Systems that Utilize Natural Circulation

Section/Division: NPTDS/NENP Period Covered: 2004-03-01 through 2009-03-04 Total Cost: € 199,980.70 Objectives of CRP:

(a) Overall (Agency Project towards which CRP directed):

To increase capabilities in IAEA Member States to achieve improvements in reliability, economics and safety of water cooled reactors by the application of passive safety systems based on natural circulation. (b) Specific (CRP):

To establish the state of the art in the area of natural circulation including the consideration of reactor start-up and operation, passive system initiation and operation, flow stability, three dimensional effects and scaling laws. To identify and investigate phenomena (e.g. effect of non-condensable gas on heat transfer, thermal stratification, mass stratification, pool heat transfer, moisture carryover, and others) influencing the reliability of passive systems that utilize natural circulation. To identify relevant experimental databases for these phenomena, review for completeness, recommended further work as needed, and collect openly available experimental data. To examine the ability of current computer codes and models to predict natural circulation and related phenomena that affect the system reliability through sharing assessments, experience, performing standard problem exercises and identifying ways of making improvements, etc. To determine the associated uncertainties and to perform sensitivity analyses on the importance of various phenomena. To develop and apply methodologies for determining the reliability of passive systems which utilize natural circulation and to introduce this into sample accident sequence analyses.

Outputs: (a) Research:

Description of the state of the art in natural circulation phenomena and related experiments. Identification of experiments that could be used for model development and code assessments and validation. Establishment of experimental database regarding key phenomena, and identification of data needs. Characteristics of computer codes (system codes, containment codes, and CFD codes) and models involved in natural circulation analyses.

Appendix E.2

Establishment of well defined standard problem for assessing code capabilities. Sample application of methodology for investigating and establishing reliability of passive system that utilize natural circulation. Proposition for improvements and subsequent research. (b) Others:

Training course on “Natural Circulation Phenomena and Passive Safety Systems in Advanced Water Cooled Reactors” (held five times at ICTP and other sites since 2004).

Effectiveness of CRP:

(a) In reaching Specific Objective:

CRP published three TECDOCs. TECDOC-1474 and TECDOC-1624 were issued in 2005 and 2009 respectively. The third TECDOC is in the final review stage. TECDOC-1474 has been used as the reference material of training course. IAEA international collaborative standard problem on “Integral PWR Design Natural Circulation Flow Stability and Thermo-hydraulic Coupling of Containment and Primary System during Accidents” was established within the CRP. CRP was conducted effectively to achieve the original specific research objectives. All the specific research objectives were achieved. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

IAEA convened five research coordination meetings and all participating institutes were very active in carrying out this CRP.

Impact of the CRP: CRP improved the understanding of natural circulation phenomena which are occurring in passive systems of water cooled reactors. CRP results could be used for the development and application of passive systems that rely on natural circulation.

Relevance of the CRP: This CRP is beneficial to many IAEA Member States that already operates or is under construction of nuclear power plants or plan to introduce nuclear power, and international organizations (OECD/NEA and European Commission).

Recommended future action by Agency: Continue training course on “Natural Circulation Phenomena and Passive Safety Systems in Advanced Water Cooled Reactors” Organize international collaborative standard problem (ICSP) on “Integral PWR Design Natural Circulation Flow Stability and Thermo-hydraulic Coupling of Containment and Primary System during Accidents”

Resulting Publications: 1. IAEA-TECDOC-1474, Natural circulation in water cooled nuclear power plants: Phenomena, models, and methodology for system reliability assessments, November 2005. 2. IAEA-TECDOC-1624, Passive Safety Systems and Natural Circulation in Water Cooled Nuclear Power Plants, November 2009. 3. A further IAEA TECDOC is also being published.

Appendix E.3

CRP No. 1206 (I32004)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Studies of Innovative Reactor Technology Options for Effective Incineration of Radioactive Waste

Section/Division: NENP Period Covered: 2001-12-15 through 2008-12-31 Total Cost: € 111,557.97 Objectives of CRP:


To increase the capability of interested Member States in developing and applying advanced technologies in the area of long-lived radioactive waste utilization and transmutation. This objective is in line with the objectives of the IAEA project on Technology Advances in Fast Reactors and Accelerator Driven Systems, which are “to increase the cooperation of Member States in achieving advances in fast reactor and accelerator driven systems technology development …” and “to enable Member States to take informed decisions on the development of new or advanced fast reactor designs, accelerator driven systems, …”. (b) Specific (CRP):

To deepen the understanding of the dynamics (and hence safety characteristics) of transmutation systems, to qualify the available methods, specify their range of validity, and formulate requirements for future theoretical developments.


The transmutation systems with a high minor actinide load generally show deteriorated safety parameters. Benchmarking of tools and data is therefore mandatory. The scope of the research comprised comparative investigations of the dynamics properties (and therefore also the safety characteristics) of advanced reactor concepts for the effective utilization and transmutation of actinides in spent nuclear fuel. The advanced reactors that were considered were fuelled with both fertile and fertile-free fuels. The systems investigated are designed either as neutronically critical or sub-critical (hybrid) driven by an external neutron source. The neutron spectra of the reactors extended from low thermal to fusion neutron energy levels. Further, systems with solid fuels and with molten salt fuels were compared. The solid fuel systems investigated covered also the impact of various coolants from sodium to heavy liquid metals and gas.



The safety relevant neutronics parameters are becoming unfavourable in transmutation systems, especially in transmuters with fertile-free (“dedicated”) fuels. Hence, the availability of adequate

Appendix E.4

and qualified methods for a sound assessment of the transient and accident behaviour of such systems is imperative. The benchmarking work concentrated on the analysis of transients in the ms to s and longer time range. Such transients are initiated by strong perturbations of the core and/or the external neutron source, leading to changes of the flux shape and power distribution. The results obtained by twenty institutions from 15 Member States and one international organization participating in the CRP allowed comprehensive comparisons between codes and data as far as core physics, neutron kinetics and dynamics simulation methods, as well as nuclear data used for safety analyses of such transmutation systems. This proves the effectiveness of the CRP in reaching its objectives to deepen the understanding of the dynamics behaviour of various transmutation systems, in particular of systems with large minor actinide content and deteriorated safety parameters, to qualify the available analytical methods, specify their range of validity, and formulate requirements for future theoretical developments. In addition to providing these comparisons, the benchmarking exercises were effective in determining the individual participant’s overall status with regard to the analytical methods and data-bases available for the simulation of such transmutation systems. From the inter-comparisons with the status of the other participants, CRP participants were able to identify own methodical shortcomings and thus fine tune their own research programs in this area. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The CRP was strongly recommended for implementation as IAEA regular P&B activity by the members of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors. It met Member States needs, since increased attention is being given to advanced reactor designs meeting sustainability criteria (related both to energy resources and waste management). Hence, its results contributed towards meeting the objectives of the IAEA project as stated above. (c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

Budget constraints were a limiting factor, in particular the limited resources available for research contracts.

Impact of the CRP:

The code-to-code comparisons provided validation and qualification of the various methodologies. Moreover, identification of methods and data related weaknesses and development needs is contributing towards substantiation and fine tuning of national R&D programs.

Relevance of the CRP: The conclusions and recommendations of the CRP are of general relevance. The most important points are summarized below. The results of the CRP show that for steady state analyses the neutronic tools are advanced enough to provide good agreement for all the transmutation systems investigated. This holds for both mechanistic SN and Monte Carlo codes. Larger spreading of results is generally caused by the different nuclear data libraries used. These deviations may not only be caused by the minor actinide data, but also by data of other constituents, e.g. the treatment of the fuel matrix material in inert fuels and the fission products. Transient calculations were performed for all the transmutation systems, with one exception, the gas cooled ADS. Very different code systems were employed, ranging from point-kinetics to space-time kinetics methods. By the same token, the analyses were based on various levels of sophistication as far as the thermal-hydraulic modelling is concerned. The benchmarking shows that there is no single code able to cover all the time scales of the transients considered for the various transmutation systems. The very detailed codes have difficulties in their running times, e.g. for long-lasting loss of heat sink transients, while the less detailed codes naturally neglect important phenomena. The need for an intermediate class of codes becomes obvious. In summarizing, the comparison of the dynamic behaviour of the different transmutation systems performed within the framework of the CRP, has allowed identifying the intrinsic transient

Appendix E.5

behaviour and time-scales of the various systems, as well as the dominating feedback effects. For fertile systems the prompt Doppler feedback is the important balancing effect. In non-fertile systems this part is taken over e.g. by the subcriticality or the thermal structural expansion. Noteworthy is also the slow and sluggish dynamic behaviour of the molten salt systems, compared to the other systems investigated. When looking at the comparative assessment of the various transmutation systems performed within the framework of this CRP, it is important to keep in mind that, while there is a large knowledge base for the critical fast reactors, much less is known for the other innovative systems, e.g. the fission-fusion hybrid systems. Nevertheless the characteristic transients, phenomena and time scales can be identified for all the transmutation systems considered. The CRP results confirmed the transmutation capability of the various systems, as well as some fuel cycle related issues. Last but not least, a material data base was developed within the framework of the CRP, providing valuable input for other projects.

Recommended future action by Agency: Inclusion of severe transients for each of the considered transmutation systems leading to core disruption was not within the scope of this CRP. Hence, with one exception (ADS with fertile-free fuel), the benchmarking has exclusively been performed in the range of transients without core disruption. It is recommended to include the analyses of such severe transients in a future CRP.

Resulting Publications: 1. Advanced Reactor Technology Options for Utilization and Transmutation of Actinides in

Spent Nuclear Fuel, IAEA-TECDOC-1626

2. V. IGNATIEV, et al., Progress in Integrated Study of Molten Salt Actinide Recycler and Transmutation System, OECD/NEA Ninth Information Exchange Meeting on Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation, Nîmes, France, 25-29 September 2006

3. A. RINEISKI, et al., Safety-related Neutronics Parameters of a Molten Salt Actinide

Recycler and Transmuter, Proceedings PHYSOR 2006 Advances in Nuclear Analysis and Simulation, Vancouver, BC, Canada 10-14 September 2006

4. W. MASCHEK, et al., Report on Intermediate Results of the IAEA CRP on Studies of

Advanced Reactor Technology Options for Effective Incineration of Radioactive Waste, Proceedings of ICENES 2007, 13th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems, Istanbul, Turkey, 3-8 June 2007

5. W. MASCHEK, et al., The IAEA CRP on Studies of Advanced Reactor Technology

Options for Effective Incineration of Radioactive Waste, Proceedings of GLOBAL 2007, Boise, Idaho, USA, 9-13 September 2007

Appendix E.6

CRP No. 1321 (T13011)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Study of Process-Losses in Separation Processes in Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T) Systems in View of Minimizing Long Term Environmental Impact

Section/Division: NEFW Period Covered: 2003-09-01 through 2008-10-15 Total Cost: € 100,949.79 Objectives of CRP:


• To enhance the capability of interested Member States to build up advanced or innovative technologies by promotion of information exchange, including the assessment of the constructive use of such innovative technologies to resolve some of the issues associated with existing nuclear fuel cycles for sustainable growth of nuclear energy.

• To increase the capability of interested Member States to develop technologies through information exchange on the management of fissile and fertile materials and facilitate knowledge.

(b) Specific (CRP):

• To minimize the environmental impact of actinides in the waste stream ;

• To develop element-specific, highly durable, materials for solidification and final disposal of residual actinides;

• To develop advanced characterisation methods for measurement of actinide hold-up in plants for the purpose of fissile material tracking as needed for nuclear material safeguards and criticality control;

• To establish element specific partitioning criteria to achieve a radiotoxicity reduction of about a factor of 100;

• To define proliferation resistance attributes for the processes and products;

• To compare advantages and disadvantages of aqueous and pyro- partitioning processes; and

• To assess the benefits of partitioning processes by reducing public radiation exposure, decreasing final repository capacity, reducing necessity of uranium mining and, consequently, diminishing the impact of uranium mill tailings.


There is a significant interest of Member States to develop advanced and innovative technologies for safe proliferation resistant and economically efficient nuclear fuel cycles, while minimizing waste and environmental impacts. The report based on CRP results focuses more on the partitioning process viz., pyro processes from the view point of process losses. It also reviews proliferation resistance attributes, crucial radio-nuclides for partitioning and their separation

Appendix E.7

efficiencies are derived. The document also presents CRP results on comparative assessment of impact for various different combinations of closed fuel cycles

Effectiveness of CRP: (a) In reaching Specific Objective:

The outputs of this CRP were effective in achieving the specific objectives related to technological assessment, proliferation resistance and environmental compliance. • Technological assessment:

Compared to aqueous processes, pyro-processes are more compact and are capable of processing spent fuels with shorter cooling times due to higher radiation resistance;

Metal electrorefining has higher potential for recovering minor actinides, while other pyro-processes require development of an innovative technique to recover them;

Currently, the technical feasibility only has been established for a glass-bonded sodalite waste form using zeolite A as the waste matrix for chloride salt wastes from pyro-processes. The sodalite form, however, has relatively lower waste loading limit, compared with borosilicate glass which is suitable for high-level liquid wastes from the aqueous processes.;

While it is imperative to combine optimal options to make P&T efforts effective, the current assessment technologies for repository performance still remain at a scoping-study level; and

Secondary wastes resulting from the various partitioning processes should also be taken into account; due consideration should be given to their treatment and conditioning;

• Proliferation resistance:

Implementation of any partitioning process supports non-proliferation of fissionable material. In planning and developing the process, special attention should be paid to neptunium and americium; and

Mixture of actinides with low U content exhibits properties that prohibit the use for a nuclear explosive because it will emit enough neutrons by spontaneous fission that a fission chain reaction occurs immediately when a critical mass is reached;

• Environmental compliance:

The pyro-process is not well developed to minimize the process waste and to achieve a recovery of greater than 99% especially in plant scale, while PUREX (Plutonium Uranium Extraction) process has already been demonstrated to have 99.5% recovery; and

By P&T deployment, the amounts of major heat emitting radio-nuclides such as 90Sr, 137Cs-, 238Pu, and 241Am will be significantly reduced resulting in the simplification of both the repository and container designs.

(b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The Agency has been promoting the exchange of scientific and technical information for 'Improving nuclear fuel cycle technologies for sustainability'. Development of innovative fuel cycle approaches that could effectively incorporate actinide recycling to reduce inventories of plutonium and minor actinides are essential for the sustainable growth of the nuclear energy.

Appendix E.8

Impact of the CRP:

The CRP contributed to the effective assessment of various separation processes taking into consideration of their effects on technology, proliferation resistance and environment.

Relevance of the CRP: Several Member States are actively pursuing research in the field of partitioning and transmutation. The present CRP focused on the potentials in minimizing the residual transuranium inventories of the discharged nuclear waste and in enhancing the proliferation resistance of the nuclear fuel cycle.

Recommended future action by Agency: Activity should be continued for the periodical update of advanced partitioning processes.

Resulting Publications: An IAEA TECDOC is being published.

Appendix E.9

CRP No. 1296 (I11005)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Mitigation Strategies and Energy Options

Section/Division: PESS Period Covered: 2006-09-15 through 2009-12-14 Total Cost: € 208,387.49 Objectives of CRP:


To achieve better understanding of nuclear technology’s contributions to socioeconomic development and climate protection and its compatibility with national sustainable development objectives in Member States. (b) Specific (CRP):

The specific objective of this CRP was to gather and organise relevant information about plausible designs for future international climate change agreements with special emphasis on features concerning national energy policy choices, energy resource utilization, and supply technology strategies, with an emphasis on nuclear energy. The CRP was expected to generate state-of-the-art information on plausible post-Kyoto international climate protection regimes and the potential role of different energy options, with a special focus on nuclear energy, under different agreement designs and implementation mechanisms. It also aimed at helping capacity building in Member States to analyse different international regimes that may effectively address the climate change problem and to evaluate the potential role of different energy options, including nuclear power, under alternative and/or complementary regimes. Moreover, the CRP was also expected to support Member States in national level evaluations of various climate protection regimes in preparation for their participation in the international negotiations and to provide informed input to those negotiations.


All the 13 teams completed their planned research work and submitted the studies reports. The study results show that in the backdrop of the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, the EU targets and the Bali Action Plan, the post-Kyoto agreement would have significant challenges for the energy sector in developed and developing countries. At the same time, this could offer new opportunities which should be carefully evaluated. Several teams produced conference/symposia papers and presentations. Two peer reviewed publications were also produced. (b) Others:

For wider dissemination of the CRP results, an ICTP/IAEA joint workshop on Alternative Response Actions for Climate Change Control and Energy Options was held at ICTP, Trieste, Italy, 5-9 October 2009. A selected number of the CRP studies was presented and shared with the

Appendix E.10

participants. This workshop was very successful as by sharing the CRP results it raised strong interest among young scientists in further research on energy and climate issues.



The outputs of the CRP have been effective in achieving the Specific Objectives of the CRP. The research teams produced energy/electricity scenarios for their respective countries and estimated the associated GHG emissions. They also gathered and analyzed information on various proposed climate control architectures and reflected a few selected schemes in their scenarios to analyze the impacts on their energy sector development and corresponding GHG emissions. The case studies have been summaried in a paper to be published shortly. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

This CRP contributed to achieving the objectives of the Sub-Programme 1.3.2 by addressing one of its key components, namely the possible contribution of nuclear energy in combating the climate problem and supporting sustainable energy development. The information generated through case studies of this CRP will be used for future reports and presentations to international bodies debating the issues of sustainable energy development and climate change mitigation. This will supplement the Agency's already substantial and effective contribution to the discussion of the importance of keeping the nuclear option open as a successful environmental protection technology. (c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

The success of the CRP in achieving its objectives was solely due to the hard work of the participating teams. Two teams dropped out from the CRP. However, there were no adverse impacts on effectiveness of the CRP.

Impact of the CRP:

The CRP expanded the coverage of the potential role of nuclear energy for sustainable energy development, highlighting the economic and environmental advantages of nuclear power.

Relevance of the CRP: The Programme 1.3 provides state-of-the-art methodologies and analyses to Member States for making energy choices. Comprehensive evaluation of energy options for combating climate change and for sustainable energy development, which was facilitated by this CRP, is one of the main steps for making sound national energy decisions.

Recommended future action by Agency: Nuclear power has potential for curtailing the GHG emissions from the energy sector. The IAEA should continue facilitating research on climate change issues and evaluation of the potential role of nuclear power in GHG mitigation strategies.

Resulting Publications: SARADHI I.V., PANDIT G.G., PURANIK V.D. (2009), Energy supply, demand and environmental analysis - A case study of Indian energy scenario, International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1:3 ; 2009 pp 115-120. Pereira, A, Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Strategies and the Energy Options for the Brazilian Power Sector, Climate Policy, (in press).

Appendix E.11

CRP No. 1287 (L53001)


Title of the Co-ordinated Research Project: Comparative Analysis of Methods and Tools for Nuclear Knowledge Preservation

Section/Division: INKM Period Covered: 2006-09-15 through 2009-10-05 Total Cost: € 94,178.81 Objectives of CRP:


To Preserve existing nuclear knowledge, specialist expertise, and in general the prevention of the loss of vital technical and historical information is starting to be recognized as being of strategic importance to the nuclear industry, in particular nuclear facilities. As such, the development of knowledge preservation methods and tools based on innovative approaches, including the use of modern information technology are becoming a necessity.

(b) Specific (CRP):

To assist Member States in the selection and implementation of appropriate cost-effective knowledge preservation solutions, and to facilitate awareness of new methods and best practices in the preservation of critical nuclear sector knowledge.


The CRP explored methods and tools to capture, interpret, analyze, visualize and disseminate data and information, as well as the knowledge ultimately derived from them. Various technological solutions including communications, retrieval, storage and storage media, capture, and issues related to multilingualism were analysed. Other factors that were considered that are not within the direct scope of the CRP, but none-the-less essential for the successful implementation of nuclear knowledge preservation include: management factors, training, workflow, knowledge identification, knowledge process identification, knowledge process participant identification, standards issues related to information management (e.g. storage, presentation, or transfer), knowledge security. For example, some of the key issues on these topics include: alternatives in storage media technology must consider longevity, robustness, cost, conversion, volume, standards, existing formats, historical data and other factors; alternatives in knowledge capture should consider media, format, speed, costs, volume, intellectual property issues, methods for knowledge capture at the source, guidelines for hard copy publication (to enable subsequent imaging), preservation of historical documents, standards and quality control procedures; and support for multilingualism, including cross language information retrieval (CLIR) and multilingual tools (i.e., thesauri) and multilingual support in retrieval and storage standards.

(b) Others:

A survey tool on the Current Status of Knowledge Preservation in Nuclear and Supporting Organizations was developed and undertaken during 2006–2007. The analysis of the results from this survey helped to support the formulation of recommendations and conclusions on good practices in knowledge preservation.

Appendix E.12


All specific objectives defined for the CRP have been achieved. Member States have received advice and methodology in the selection and implementation of current knowledge preservation solutions, as well as guidance on new methods and best practices in the preservation of critical nuclear knowledge.


The CRP significantly contributed in the IAEA programme on Nuclear Knowledge Management that was established to meet the needs of Member States in nuclear knowledge management in the fields of nuclear science and technology through the development and dissemination of guidance and tools as well as their implementation in national programmes.

(c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

Some participants did not effectively contribute to the CRP.

Impact of the CRP:

The CRP provided a comprehencive methodology to support Member States activities on knowledge management in order to improve the organizational performance. Also the CRP helped the IAEA staff involved to better understand knowledge management processes and apply this knoledge to the current activities on the subject, i.e. in implementation of regional and national TC projects.

Relevance of the CRP:

The CRP was part of the IAEA programme on Nuclear Knowledge management.

Recommended future action by Agency:

Use the results of the CRP to support preparation of nuclear knowledge preservation recommendations and benchmarks, including the process oriented knowledge management systems used in Member States, within the new CRP “Increasing NPP performance through process-oriented knowledge management approach”

Resulting Publications:

The document “Comparative Analysis of Methods and Tools for Nuclear Knowledge Preservation” based on the CRP results which include results of the CRP participants’ research projects and joint study of KP methods and tools as well as findings of the above-mentioned survey is prepared for publication as IAEA-TECDOC Series.

Appendix E.13

CRP No. 1294 (F11010)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Development of Distance Learning (DL) Modules on Troubleshooting of Nuclear Instruments

Section/Division: NAPC Period Covered: 2001-11-01 through 2005-11-21 Total Cost: € 92,314.56 Objectives of CRP:


Within the scope of the project on Nuclear Instrumentation various DL modules have been developed to assist MSs in the training of their staff related to NI maintenance. (b) Specific (CRP):

This CRP was designed to assist Member States to train engineers and technicians more efficiently. These modules will help the students to understand the fundamentals of electronic circuits and instruments before they come to the Agency training courses or fellowships. This will ensure that the students have a common level of knowledge at the beginning of the course, so the training course will not need to spend time teaching these fundamentals. Also a refreshment of knowledge can be achieved in a short period of time.


The research work of each of the Scientific Investigators (SI) focused on the presentation of many animations which are incorporated in each module. Those animations simulate signals or even the operation of a complete nuclear instrument module. Furthermore, in each module the SI included a so called quiz, so that a self assessment by the student is possible. (b) Others:

Under this CRP in total 6 DL modules on Electrometers (Brazil), Measuring techniques (Israel), Gamma counting channel (Argentina), liquid scintillation counter [(LSC), (Vietnam)] and two RIA modules (Cuba and India) have been developed. The DL modules help newcomers in the field of troubleshooting of nuclear instruments as well as students of universities to understand the principles of the instruments as well as how they are functioning.



As a result of the contributions to this CRP, the Agency training courses, fellowships will be able to provide more hands-on experience when using the DL modules either before the training starts or during a fellowship/course to refresh the knowledge. In addition, because of the effort of the SI in providing technical information and animations, the DL modules are very useful to be incorporated in the regular educational programme for nuclear instruments (NI) operation at

Appendix E.14

universities and polytechnic institutes. Especially developing MSs have a need on good educational tools dealing with NI. The training of individuals can be performed on their pace and when needed. In addition, the 6 modules have been presented in a nat. training event (train the trainers) and was very much appreciated by the trainers. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

Due to the contributors’ effort in this CRP, the users of the DL modules will better understand the function of the nuclear instruments and therefore, they will be able to maintain and repair non-operating instruments in a faster manner.

Impact of the CRP: All contributors to this CRP have considered that the result of their work will be used in an educational programme. Therefore, this educational tool of 6 DL modules assures that the user has a better understanding of the proper operation of electrometers, gamma counting channel, LSC and RIA instruments with the required measuring techniques and to ensure proper troubleshooting of the specified nuclear instruments. In addition, Member States can train their staff on their pace and when needed. This is very cost effective, because each module has a quiz incorporated for self assessment by the user. Therefore, limited supervision from an experienced person is needed.

Relevance of the CRP: This CRP has a high relevance to the MSs need to train their staff, because of the high staff fluctuation in MS nuclear instrument laboratories. In addition the output of the CRP (two CDs) can be used to train newcomers, also.

Recommended future action by Agency: Currently the 6 DL modules are compiled in two CDs. It is recommended to compile the modules in such a way that they can be called from a main window by push buttons.

Resulting Publications: Two CDs containing 6 Distance Learning Modules.

Appendix E.15

CRP No. 1314 (F12020)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Development and Application of the Techniques of Residual Stress Measurements in Materials

Section/Division: NAPC Period Covered: 2006-03-15 through 2009-03-14 Total Cost € 101,108.77 Objectives of CRP:


To develop the technique of residual stress measurement including the design of instruments, the process of data acquisition and analysis and expertise – for application as non-destructive probe in material technology and industry. (b) Specific (CRP):

• To optimize the neutron beams for residual stress measurement using modern simulation techniques.

• To enhance the beam intensity using modern neutron optics, like focusing and beam guides, beam convergence.

• To develop standardized, low-cost detectors/data acquisition systems. • Standardization and/or comparison of data from various instruments. • Develop collaboration/teamwork towards networking for better utilization of research

reactor resources • Utilization of instruments for testing fabricated and/or specially treated components

Outputs:

(a) Research:

• New neutron diffractometer for residual stress determination was developed and put into operation; this has improved the precise positioning of the samples including broader range of sample mass/volume.

• New modular instrument control software framework has been developed; this allows the automatic instrument alignment, automatic sample changes, increased measurement capacity and handling of large data sets

• Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to optimize the design and setting of strain/stress scanners and their environment; this has improved performance of some of the instruments up to one order of magnitude.

• Round Robin exercise was designed and carried out; this will contribute to the standardization of various instruments and measurement techniques at different facilities

• Trial residual stress/strain measurements were designed and carried out at variable sample environment (variable temperature, variable mechanical load, measurements with irradiated samples)

Appendix E.16

(b) Others:

• In addition to the established bilateral collaborations between developing-developed Member States, the global network on residual stress/strain measurements and standardization (STRAINET) was created, including development of a data base on residual stress instruments and their characteristics

• The Round Robin exercise was enlarged by the laboratories outside the partners of this CRP, showing the interest and importance of these standardization measurements



Optimization of instrument and standardization of measurement techniques is one of the main issues for effective utilization of available residual stress/strain facilities in many laboratories. The activities under the CRP helped design and set up of detectors, collimators, sample environment modules and associated software to improve the performance for a number of these instruments. In addition, added automatic capability for some of the modules at different stages permits to increase the measurement capacity and overall efficiency of the instrument. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The CRP helped in development of new facilities and upgrade of existing facilities in developing laboratories which will be useful to meet the needs of participants in effective utilization of research reactor beams. Standardization of various instruments and measurement techniques was achieved through the Round Robin exercise. Good collaboration among the CRP partners has lead to the creation of the STRAINET network on residual stress/strain measurements and related standardization procedures. (c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

The procurement procedures at the participating institution end did delay in implementing some of the proposed project plans by some participants. In addition, temporary shut down of some of the research reactors did not allow their participation in Round Robin tests, although they are being performed after the closure of the CRP.

Impact of the CRP:

Availability of advanced and standardised residual stress/strain facilities with automation capabilities is essential for extending the technique for application to industrial users. Based on the discussions, communications and exchange of information during this CRP the facilities at participating institutions are being developed and some are upgraded accordingly. This will be useful to attract stakeholders for various applications.

Relevance of the CRP: Residual stress/strain measurements using neutron beams is a powerful tool for characterization and testing of materials or various industrial components and has edge over some of the complementary methods used for this purpose. This will also help in enhancement of research reactor utilization.

Recommended future action by Agency: • A follow up meeting on the final result analysis for the round robin tests for standardization

will be beneficial. • A follow up end-user targeted meeting on “Specific Applications of Research Reactors:

Industrial Use of Neutron Beams” is recommended.

Appendix E.17

Resulting Publications: The CRP report will be issued as a Technical Report Series.

1. A.M. BALAGUROV, R.N. VASIN, T. LOKAICHEK, A.N. NIKITIN, I.V. PAPUSHKIN, Z. PROS, A.V. SUBBOTIN, V.V. SUMIN, “Anisotropy, texture and residual stresses in the operation tested reactor graphite”, Proceedings of the TSU: Series Physics, 6 (2006) 75-87.

2. BALAGUROV A.M., BOKUCHAVA G.D., KUZMIN E.S., TAMONOV A.V., ZHUK V.V. “Neutron RTOF diffractometer FSD for residual stress investigation”, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Supplement Issue, 23 (2006) 217-222.

3. BALAGUROV A.M., BOKUCHAVA G.D., TAMONOV A.V., SUMIN V.V., "Neutron diffraction study of internal stresses in structural materials of nuclear reactors", International Scientific Conference "Research Reactors in the 21 century", June 20-22, 2006, NIKIET, Moscow, Russia.

4. A.M. BALAGUROV, I.V. PAPUSHKIN, N. POPA, V.V. SUMIN, S.G. SHEVEREV, R. VIMPORY, “A new method for residual strain determination in strongly textured samples”, XX International Workshop on Neutron Scattering in Condensed Matter Investigations (NSCMI-2008), October 13-19, 2008, B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gatchina, Russia.

5. P. BERNASOVSKÝ, K. HIRAOKA, P. MIKULA AND M. VRÁNA, Residual stress distribution of steel welded joints with weld metal of low martensite transformation temperature, Welding in the World, 51 No 11/12 (2007) 11-19. V. Em, P. Mikula and B. S. Seong, Highly efficient strain/stress diffractometer operating at small take-off angle, publication is under preparation.

6. G. BOKUCHAVA, “Fourier stress diffractometer at the IBR-2 reactor”, FLNP JINR seminar “Neutron scattering for studies of internal stresses in bulk materials”, September 20, 2007, Dubna, Russia.

7. G.D. BOKUCHAVA, A.M. BALAGUROV, V.V. SUMIN, I.V. PAPUSHKIN, “Neutron Fourier diffractometer FSD for residual stress studies in materials and industrial components”, National Conference RSNE-NBIC 2009 “X-rays, Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons and Electrons for Nanosystem and Material Studies. Nano-Bio-Info-Cognitive Technologies”, November 16-21, 2009, Moscow, Russia.

8. G.D. BOKUCHAVA, A.M. BALAGUROV, V.V. SUMIN, I.V. PAPUSHKIN, “Neutron Fourier diffractometer FSD for residual stress studies in materials and industrial components”, Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, 2010 (accepted).

9. G.D. BOKUCHAVA, “On the possibility of macro- and microstress study in bulk materials at various neutron diffractometers (HRFD, FSD, HRPT, D7A)”, Meeting on the ISTC Project No. 3074.2 "A neutron-diffraction study of micro-and macrostresses aging in structural alloys for nuclear power engineering”, February 24-26, 2010, FLNP JINR, Dubna, Russia.

10. V. EM, B.S. SEONG, W. WOO, P. MIKULA, M.H. KANG, J.K. CHEN, E. SHIN, K.P. HONG, Optimisation of residual stress measurement at HANARO reactor, In Proc. of the 5th Int. Conf. on Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation, MECA SENS 2009, November 10-12, Mito, Japan.

11. P. LUKÁŠ, M. VRÁNA, P. MIKULA, J. VLEUGELS, G. ANNÉ, O. VAN DER BIEST, A. HOJNÁ AND L. MRÁZ, Neutron diffraction studies of internal stresses in polycrystalline materials, In Proc. of the 45. Int. Conf. Experimental Stress Analysis EAN 2007, June 4-7, 2007, Hotel Výhledy, Czech Rep.

12. P. MIKULA, M. VRÁNA, Ľ. MRÁZ AND L. KARLSSON, High-Resolution Neutron Diffraction Employing Bragg Diffraction Optics - A Tool for Advanced Nondestructive Testing of Materials, In Proc. Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis (ESDA 2008), 7 to 9 July 2008, Haifa, CD-ROM paper ESDA2008-59174, ISBN 0-7918-3827-7.

13. P. MIKULA, Recent progress of Bragg diffraction optics based on cylindrically bent perfect crystals, ICNX 2009, June 22-26, 2009, Kuala Lumpur, invited lecture.

Appendix E.18

14. Ľ. MRÁZ, L. KARLSSON, P. MIKULA AND M. VRÁNA, A neutron diffraction study of residual stresses in high strength steel weld joints, Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, 13 (2007) 330-337.

15. L. MRÁZ, L. KARLSSON, P. MIKULA AND M. VRÁNA, Identification of residual stresses distribution in high strength steel welds using neutron diffraction, In Proc. of the 45th Int. Conf. Experimental Stress Analysis EAN 2007, June 4-7, 2007, Hotel Výhledy, Czech Rep.

16. L. MRÁZ, L. KARLSSON, I. HAMÁK, P. MIKULA, M. VRÁNA, Local plastic deformation and its influence on residual stress distribution at high stregth steel welds, In Proc. of the Int. Conf. Experimental Stress Analysis (EAN 2009), June 8-11, 2009, Sychrov, Edited by B. Marvalová, I. Petríková, L. Čapek, Tu Liberec and Czech Society for Mechanics, ISBN 978-80-7372-483-2.

17. L. MRÁZ, L. KARLSSON2), I. HAMÁK, P. MIKULA AND M. VRÁNA, Influence of plastic deformation on the residual stress distribution and fatigue behaviour of high strength steels welds, In Proc. of the 1st International Workshop on In-situ studies by synchroton and neutron diffraction, 1-2 September 2009, Berlin Germany.

18. I.V. PAPUSHKIN, R.N. VASIN, T. LOKAICHEK, P. LUCAS, A.N. NIKITIN, V.V. SUMIN, “Elastic properties and anisotropy investigations of the GR-280 reactor graphite performed by neutron diffraction and ultrasonic analysis”, National Conference RSNE-NBIC 2009 “X-rays, Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons and Electrons for Nanosystem and Material Studies. Nano-Bio-Info-Cognitive Technologies”, November 16-21, 2009, Moscow, Russia.

19. N. POPA, I.V. PAPUSHKIN, V.V. SUMIN, A.N. NIKITIN, A.M. BALAGUROV, “A new method for residual strain determination in strongly textured samples”, Conference on the condensed matter physics, superconductivity and materials science, November 26-30, 2007, Russian Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia.

20. M. ROGANTE, P. MIKULA, M. VRANA, Through-the-thickness residual stress analysis by neutron diffraction in inoxidizable martensitic steel samples with and without tungsten carbide coating, Surface and Coatings Technology, 204 (2009), 650–656, ISSN 0257 8972.

21. C. SCHIGA, L. MRÁZ, P. BERNASOVSKÝ, K. HIRAOKA, P. MIKULA AND M. VRÁNA, Residual stress distribution of steel welded joints with weld metal of low martensite transformation temperature, Welding in the World, 51 No 11/12 (2007) 11-19.

22. C. SCHIGA, L. MRÁZ, P. MIKULA, M. VRÁNA, Ľ. MRÁZ AND L. KARLSSON, High-resolution neutron diffraction employing Bragg diffraction optics - A tool for advanced nondestructive testing of materials, In Proc. Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis (ESDA 2008), 7 to 9 July 2008, Haifa, CD-ROM, paper ESDA2008-59174.

23. B.S. SEONG, V. EM, P. MIKULA, J. ŠAROUN AND M.H. KANG, Optimized strain/stress diffractometer equipped with focusing bent perfect crystal monochromator would permit some kinetic processes in polycrystalline materials, In Proc. Of the 10th Int. Conf. on Non-Destructive Testing ECNDT, Moscow June 7-11, 2010.

24. B.S. SEONG, V. EM, P. MIKULA, J. SAROUN, M.H. KANG, Optimization of the bent perfect Si (111) monochromator, at small (~30o) take-off angle for stress instrument, Journal of Applied Crystallography, in print.

25. V.V. SUMIN, I.V. PAPUSHKIN, O.A. BANNYKH, V.M. BLINOV, P. LUKÁS, “Neutron Diffraction Study of a Nitrogen Martensitic Steel 0Kh16N4AB under Load”, XIX International Workshop on Neutron Scattering in Condensed Matter Investigations (NSCMI-2006), September 11-15, 2006, State Scientific Center of Russian Federation - A.I. Leipunskii Physics and Power Engineering Institute, Obninsk, Russia.

26. V.V. SUMIN, I.V. PAPUSHKIN, O.A. BANNYKH, V.M. BLINOV, P. LUKÁS, “Neutron Diffraction Study of a Nitrogen Martensitic Steel 0Kh16N4AB under Load”, Physics of Metals and Metallography, 105 (2008) 88-91.

27. V.V. SUMIN, V.G. SIMKIN, S.G. SHEVEREV, M.V. LEONTEVA-SMIRNOVA, V.M. CHERNOV, “Temperature Dependence of the Lattice Parameter and Debye–

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.08.044�



Appendix E.19

Waller Factor of a High-Chromium Pressure-Vessel Steel”, The Physics of Metals and Metallography, 108 (2009) 600-605.

28. V.V. SUMIN, V.G. SIMKIN, S.G. SHEVEREV, R. WIMPORY, “Residual stresses in the VVER-1000 reactor vessel”, Physics of the Solid State, 52 (2010) 930-933.

29. V.V. SUMIN, “The first kind residual stresses in reactor materials and components (graphite GR-280, E110 zirconium alloys, VVER-1000 reactor vessel surfacing)”, Meeting on the ISTC Project No. 3074.2 "A neutron-diffraction study of micro-and macrostresses aging in structural alloys for nuclear power engineering”, February 24-26, 2010, FLNP JINR, Dubna, Russia.

30. TAMON A.V., SUMIN V.V., “Residual stress study in bimetallic zirconium-stainless steel adapter by neutron diffraction”, Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, 8 (2009) 3-9.

31. TAMONOV A.V., BALAGUROV A.M., BOKUCHAVA G.D., "Application of neutron diffraction in residual stress state optimization problems", Rusnanotech 08 - The First International Forum on Nanotechnology, December 3-5, 2008, Moscow, Russia (abstracts).

32. YU.V. TARAN, A.M. BALAGUROV, S.G. SHEVEREV et al., “Neutron diffraction investigation of an in-plane biaxial fatigued stainless steel sample of cruciform geometry”, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 20 (2008) 104257 (6 pp).

33. YU V TARAN, A M BALAGUROV, J SCHREIBER, U STUHR, “Residual stresses in a shape welded steel tube by neutron diffraction”, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 20 (2008) 104258 (4 pp).

34. AM VENTER, MW VAN DER WATT, RC WIMPORY, R SCHNEIDER, PJ MCGRATH AND M TOPIC, Neutron strain investigations of laser bent samples, Materials Science Forum 571- 575 (2008) 63 - 68.

35. R.C. WIMPORY, P. MIKULA, J. ŠAROUN, T. POESTE, J. LI, M. HOFFMANN AND R. SCHNEIDER, Efficiency Boost of the Materials Science Diffractometer E3 at BENSC: One order of magnitude due to a double focusing monochromator, Neutron News, 19 (2008) 16-19.

36. R. WIMPORY, A. WENTER, P. MIKULA AND C. GENZEL, Near Surface strain investigations of Laser Bent Samples Using Neutron Diffraction, In Proc. of the 5th Int. Conf. on Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation, MECA SENS V 2009, November 10-12, Mito, Japan.

Appendix E.20

CRP No. 1334 (F13010)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Joint Research Using Small Tokamaks



The overall objective of this CRP was to conduct research using the potential possibilities of small tokamaks, improving links between small and large experiments deeper integration of small tokamaks in national, regional, and international fusion activities. This helped to promote fusion research in developing countries and open wider possibilities for young scientists. An expected outcome was the establishment of a network of fusion research on small tokamaks that can sustain the scientific activities beyond the CRP duration and scope.

(b) Specific (CRP):

• To contribute to mainstream fusion research with small tokamaks. • To test new tools, materials and technologies as a test-bed for large machines. • To improve and develop diagnostics. • To develop expertise and capacity building of students, post graduate students and training

of personnel, in particular in developing countries.


The activities conducted in order to achieve the specific objectives have been successfully developed during the period from 2006 to 2008 and are described in detail in section 2 of this report. One of the most successful activities within the CRP is the implementation of Joint Experiments gathering about 20-30 participants of the CRP teams on a particular device during several experimental sessions lasting about 4 to 5 days. The 3rd Joint Experiment held in Lisbon in October 2007 gathered over 29 participants from 13 countries. New technologies - the research developed in the area of control and data acquisition has delivered new hardware and software products which are being used by several CRP members. (b) Others:

Training and Cooperation - The spectrum of participation in the CRP is rather large ranging from laboratories with well equipped devices having several scientists and technical support staff to laboratories with much less research capability or even no operational facilities (either closed recently, or proposed for construction). The CRP brings these extremes together and effective expertise exchange helped to improve the situation contributing to facilitating less developed laboratories to operate their devices. Evidence of the high interest in this CRP, which exceeded budget capability, was the addition of several new members from developing countries who joined on a totally cost free basis.

Appendix E.21

Most laboratories involved have developed activities regarding expertise exchange and education at expert level, PhD and Master and even at under-graduate level. As large facilities have a more solid set of procedures to explore experimental activities the small tokamak community here plays one of its most visible roles. The flexibility of the devices, the seniority and highly qualified staff working in small tokamaks, and the links that are established with the national universities provide all ingredients to build up a well educated generation of young scientists, in particular from developing countries, able and ready to contribute to the main stream fusion research in larger devices.

A new internet tool based on x-wiki was developed comprising modules for data base sharing and exchange, video and chat communication and remote experiment participation. The Fusion Talk module for video conferencing, for instance, was tested during the Lisbon joint experiment allowing for participants to follow remotely the control room during the tokamak operation. The CRP participants found that this was a very beneficial project allowing them to establish or strengthen international contacts, participate in collaborative research activities and gain a larger visibility in the fusion community. Many of the foreseen future activities on the small tokamak network are now being planned in a coordinated approach. In the last RCM note has been made to the Nuclear Fusion Network that was established on 29 August 2007 in Brazil, initiating a new era of collaboration between Brazilian groups and foreign laboratories, particularly within the European Union.



This CRP confirmed and strengthened the important role of small and medium size tokamaks in mainstream fusion research.

The newly developed concept of interactive co-coordinated research using small tokamaks in the scope of this CRP has clearly demonstrated its value and potential for enhancing international collaborations and increase the impact of the small tokamak community. The development of internet based tools for data base access and remote experiment participation has achieved a working status and has been distributed to the CRP participants allowing them to develop a more strong networking approach in planning experiments with their international counterparts, reducing thus their isolation problems arising from the restricted availability of budgets for traveling.

The research activities covered a wide range of mainstream fusion science areas, development and testing of novel diagnostics, benchmarking of new numerical codes, materials and technologies (which because of the risky nature cannot be done in large machines without preliminary studies), as well as education and training broadening the geographical spreading of fusion research.


As ITER is now the most important project for fusion research worldwide the IAEA as been recognized as the main forum to bring a wide number of non-ITER members in participating in the new stream of fusion research. The CRP helped to bring a wider range of countries into contact and contributing to main stream fusion topics of interest for ITER giving them a clear profile and a visible role in the fusion community as has been reported in several meetings (e.g. IFRC) and conferences (e.g. FEC2008).

During the CRP period the International Scientific Committee visited several countries and facilities (in some cases under TC Missions) to provide advice on the topics of nuclear fusion science and technology, operational structures, management of research programmes, education of young scientists, international collaborations and funding opportunities.

Appendix E.22

The possibility to utilize the CRP network for enhancing the international collaborations under the IAEA umbrella has attracted new members for the CRP and catalyzed new, direct and indirect, cooperation with IEA, ITER, and EURATOM under several research activities.

Impact of the CRP: • The large impact activities within the CRP were the implementation of Joint

Experiments, development of network based tools for remote participation in experiments and data base access, presentation of research results in international conferences and publication in peer reviewed journals, and the contribution to formation and training of young scientists.

• A new internet tool based on x-wiki has been developed comprising modules for data base sharing and exchange, video and chat communication and remote experiment participation. The Fusion Talk module for video conferencing, for instance, was tested during the Lisbon joint experiment allowing for participants to follow remotely the control room during the tokamak operation. This tool was further developed under IAEA technical contract 14671 and was presented to the RCM participants, although limitations with the IAEA firewall do not allow for showing its full capabilities.

• Progress reported in specific activities include:

o Improvements in diagnostic techniques that may be of relevance to larger devices such as electric and magnetic probes, multipoint Thomson scattering, bolometry for real time reconstruction and control, heavy ion beam diagnostic for core plasma potential measurements and microwave diagnostics;

o Relevant experiments and modelling on plasma facing components performed with liquid wall limiter,

o In the field of new technologies the research developed in the area of control and data acquisition continued to delivered new hardware and software products which are being used by several CRP members.

• The establishment of a small tokamak network has been consolidated.

Relevance of the CRP: This CRP confirmed and strengthened the important role of small and medium size tokamaks in mainstream fusion research. The newly developed concept of interactive coordinated research using small tokamaks (and in particular the Joint Experiments) in the scope of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project has clearly demonstrated its value and potential for enhancing international collaborations and increase the impact of the small tokamak community.

The research activities covered a wide range of mainstream fusion science areas, development and testing of novel diagnostics, benchmarking of new numerical codes, materials and technologies (which because of the risky nature cannot be done in large machines without preliminary studies), as well as education, training and broadening of the geographical spreading of fusion research.

During the CRP period the ISC visited several countries and facilities to provide advice on the topics of nuclear fusion science and technology, operational structures, management of research programmes, education of young scientists, international collaborations and funding opportunities.

Recommended future action by Agency: Prepare an affiliation for the Network of Small and Medium size Tokamaks beyond the CRP and initiate a new CRP on “Utilizing of the network of small tokamaks for research on mainstream fusion topics”.

Appendix E.23

Resulting Publications: BENCZE, A. et al., Observation of zonal flow-like structures using autocorrelation-width technique, Plasma Phys. Control Fusion 48 (2006) S137-S153.

BROTÁNKOVÁ, J. et al., Development of new high resolution Thomson scattering system for the COMPASS tokamak, NIFS-PROC-68, 2007, Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Laser-Aided Plasma Diagnostics, Takayama,, 130-133, ISSN 0915-6348.

BROTÁNKOVÁ, J., et al., New High Resolution Thomson Scattering system for the COMPASS tokamak, Proceeding of Week of Doctoral Students, Praha, 2007.

DEJARNAC, R., Power flux in the ITER divertor tile gaps during ELMs. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions (to be published in Journal of Nuclear Materials) Toledo, 2008.

DEJARNAC, R., et al., J. Nucl. Mater. (2008), doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat. 2008.09.008.

DEJARNAC, R. and GUNN, J.P., Kinetic calculation of plasma deposition in castellated tile gaps, Journal of Nuclear Materials 363–365 (2007) 560–564.

DEJARNAC, R. et al., Study of ion sheath expansion and anisotropy of the electron parallel energy distribution in the CASTOR tokamak, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 49 (2008) 1791-1808.

DEJARNAC, R. et al., Study of SOL plasma by advanced oriented Langmuir probes on the CASTOR tokamak, to be submitted to PPCF.

DUARTE, A., et al., FireSignal – Data Acquisition and Control System Software, Fusion Engineering and Design 82 (2007) 1359–1364.

ĎURAN, I. et al., “Measurement of magnetic field using array of integrated Hall detectors on the CASTOR tokamak”, P-2.152, 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, Warsaw, 2007.

HRON, M. et al., 33rd EPS Plasma Physics Conference, Roma, 2006, “Detailed measurements of momentum balance during the periodic collapse of a transport barrier”, in Proceedings of the 33rd EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, Roma, 19 - 23 June 2006 (European Physical Society, 2006), Vol. 30I, P-4.076.

NETO, A., et al., A Standard Data Access Layer for Fusion Devices, Fusion Engineering and Design 82 (2007) 1315–1320.

NOTKIN, M. E. et al., Measurements of the suprathermal hydrogen flux on the CASTOR tokamak, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. Vol. 251, No. 2 (2006), pp. 512-516. ISSN 0168-583X.

PEDROSA, M. A. et al., Sheared flows and turbulence in fusion plasmas, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 49 (2007) B303–B311 doi:10.1088/0741-3335/49/12B/S28.

PELEMAN, P. et al., Highly resolved measurements of periodic radial electric field and associated relaxations in edge biasing experiments, Journal of Nuclear Materials 363-365 (2007) 638-642.

PIFFL, V. et al., “Measurements of line radiation power in the CASTOR tokamak”, P-2.126, paper presented at 33rd EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, Roma, 2006.

STÖCKEL, J. et al., Advanced probes for edge plasma diagnostics on the CASTOR tokamak, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 63 (2007) 012001, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/63/1/012001.

STÖCKEL, J. et al., “Survey of results on plasma biasing in the CASTOR tokamak”, P2-031, 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, Warsaw, 2007.

VAN OOST, G. et al., Joint Experiments on Small Tokamaks, Nucl. Fusion 47 (2007) 378–386.

WEINZETTL, V. et al., “Snake-like structures after pellet injection in the T-10 tokamak”, P-4.080, paper presented at 33rd EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, Roma, 2006.

WEINZETTL, V. et al., Workshop on Electric Fields, Structures, and Relaxation in the Edge Plasmas, 3 – 4 July 2005, Tarragona (Spain), to be published in the Czech. J. Phys.

Appendix E.24

ZAJAC, J., et al., Power supply system for the COMPASS tokamak re-installed in IPP Prague, P1.52, 25th SOFT conference, submitted to Fusion Engineering and Design.

CARVALHO, B.B., “Real-Time Diagnostics for Control on Small Tokamaks”, presented at 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007.

COELHO, R., et al., Magnetohydrodynamic and turbulence activity analysis in the ISTTOK tokamak using empirical mode decomposition, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 (2006) 10F512.

GOMES, R. B., et al., Interaction of a liquid gallium jet with the tokamak ISTTOK edge plasma, Fusion Engineering and Design, 83 (2008) 102.

GOMES, R., “Interaction of a liquid Gallium jet with ISTTOK edge plasma”, presented at 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007.

LUNT, T., et al., Edge plasma pressure measurements using a mechanical force sensor on the tokamak ISTTOK, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 49 (2007) 1783.

LIVRAMENTO, V., “Novel approach to plasma facing materials in nuclear fusion reactors”, presented at 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007.

NEDZELSKIY, I.S., et al., Compact cantilever force probe for plasma pressure measurements, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 78 (2007) 123505.

NEDZELSKIY, I.S., “Development of a multichannel time-of-flight technique for plasma potential profile measurements by heavy ion beam diagnostic on the tokamak ISTTOK”, presented at 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007.

NEDZELSKIY, I.S., et al., Multichannel time-of-flight technique for plasma potential profile measurements by heavy ion beam diagnostic on the tokamak ISTTOK, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 77 (2006) 033505.

NEDZELSKIY, I.S., et al., Compact retarding field energy analyzer for the tokamak ISTTOK boundary plasma, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 (2006) 10E729.

NETO, A., et al., FireSignal—Data acquisition and control system software, Fus. Eng. & Des., 82 (2007)1359.

NETO, A., et al., The appropriateness of XML for diagnostic description, Fus. Eng. & Des, 82 (2007) 1321.

NETO, A., et al., A standard data access layer for fusion devices R&D programs, Fus. Eng. & Des 82 (2007) 1315.

SILVA, C., et al., “Overview of recent ISTTOK results”, EX/P4-11, presented at 22nd IAEA Fusion energy Conference, Geneva, 2008.

SILVA, C., et al., “Structure of the ISTTOK edge plasma fluctuations”, P1.021, presented at 35th EPS plasma Physics Conference, Greece, 2008.

SILVA, C., “Overview of recent ISTTOK results”, presented at 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007.

SILVA, C., et al., Control of the edge turbulent transport by emissive electrode biasing on the tokamak ISTTOK, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 48 (2006) 727.

VALCÁCEL, D. F., et al., Fast Feedback Control for Plasma Positioning with a PCI Hybrid DSP/FPGA Board, IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science, 53 (2006) 838.

C. Silva, et al. Importance of the ExB flow shear on the control of the ISTTOK turbulent transport, presented at EPS Plasma Physics Conference, Rome, 2006.

C. Silva, et al. Control of the edge turbulent transport by emissive electrode biasing on the tokamak ISTTOK, EX/P4-30, presented at IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Chengdu, 2006.

GAO, Z., et al., Plasma shaping effects on the geodesic acoustic mode in toroidally axisymmetric plasmas, Phys. Plasmas 15 (2008) 074502.

Appendix E.25

GAO, Z., et al., Eigenmode analysis of geodesic acoustic modes, Phy. Plasmas 15 (2008) 072511.

XU, X. Q., et al., TEMPEST simulations of collisionless damping of geodesic-acoustic mode in edge plasma pedestal, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100 (2008) 215001.

PENG, L.L., and Gao, Z., Effect of elongation on critical gradient for toroidal electron temperature gradient modes, Chin. Phys. Lett., 25 (2008) 4065.

WANG, Y. and Gao, Z., Effects of finite aspect ratio and noncircular plasma flux surface on electron temperature gradient driven modes, Plasma Science and Technology, 10 (2008) 151.

ZENG, L., et al., Design of magnetic measurement system on the SUNIST spherical tokamak, Plasma Science and Technology, 10 (2008) 535.

GAO, Z., et al., Nonlinear nonresonant forces by radio-frequency waves in plasmas, Physics of Plasmas, 14 (2007) 084502.

LIU, F., et al.,, Magnetic fluctuation measurement in Sino United Spherical Tokamak Plasma, Chinese Physics Letter, 24 (2007) 2014.

ZENG, L., et al, Control of the Vertical Instability in the SUNIST Spherical Tokamak, submitted to Plasma Science and Technology.

TAN, Y., et al., Analysis and Design of the Alfven Wave Antenna System for the SUNIST Spherical Tokamak, presented at the 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Spherical Tori and the 14th International Spherical Torus Workshop, Frascati, 2008, submitted to Fusion Engineering and Design.

GAO, Z., et al., Plasma shaping effects on temperature gradient-driven instabilitites and geodesic acoustic modes, TH/P8-4, presented at the 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Geneva, 2008.

GAO, Z., et al., Research Activities and Plans of Electron Cyclotron Wave Startup and Alfven Wave Current Drive at SUNIST, presented at the 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Spherical Tori and the 14th International Spherical Torus Workshop, Frascati, 2008.

HELLER, MVAP; CALDAS, IL; FERREIRA, AA, et al., Tokamak turbulence at the scrape-off layer in TCABR with an ergodic magnetic limiter. Journal of Plasma Physics 73, 295, 2007.

SEVERO, J.H.F., et al. Plasma rotation measurement in small tokamaks using an optical spectrometer and a single photomultiplier as detector.Review of Scientific Instruments 78 (4) (2007) 043509.

DA SILVEIRA, F.E.M., GALVAO, R.M.O. A possible model for 'snakes'. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 49 (2007) L11.

NASCIMENTO, I.C., et al. Suppression and excitation of MHD activity with an electrically polarized electrode at the TCABR tokamak plasma edge. Nuclear Fusion 47 (2007) 1570.

TSYPIN, V.S., et al. Viscous relaxation of drift-Alfven waves in tokamaks and its application for triggering improved confinement regimes. Physics of Plasmas 14 (1) (2007).

TSYPIN, V.S., et al. Spatial dust distribution and plasma dynamics in the tokamak edge. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 49 (6) (2007) 803.

MIKHAILOVSKII, A.B. et al. Generation of zonal flows by kinetic Alfven waves. Plasma Physics Reports 33 (2) (2007) 117.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; LOMINADZE, JG; GALVAO, RMO, ET AL. Magnetorotational instability in the Hall regime in a hot-electron plasma. Physics of Plasmas 14, 112108, 2007.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; LOMINADZE, JG; CHURIKOV, AP, ET AL. Generation of magnetoacoustic zonal flows by Alfven waves in a rotating plasma. Physics of Plasmas 14, 082302, 2007.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; KOVALISHEN, EA; SHIROKOV, MS, ET AL. Effect of the magnetic field curvature on the generation of zonal flows by drift-Alfven waves. Plasma Physics Reports 33, 407, 2007.

Appendix E.26

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; LOMINADZE, JG; GALVAO, RMO, ET AL. Resistive internal kink modes in a differentially rotating cylindrical plasma. Physics of Plasmas 14, 112104, 2007.

ELFIMOV, AG; PIRES, CJA; GALVAO, RMO. Fast drift Alfven waves excited at the low-frequency band in tokamak plasmas. Physics of Plasmas 14, 104506, 2007.

TSYPIN, VS; VLADIMIROV, SV; GALVAO, RMO, ET AL. Effect of up-down and left-right asymmetry of dust and/or heavy impurity distribution on plasma dynamics in the tokamak edge. Physica Scripta, 76, 314, 2007.

TSYPIN, VS; VLADIMIROV, SV; GALVAO, RMO, ET AL. Spatial dust distribution and plasma dynamics in the tokamak edge. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 49, 803, 2007.

VAN OOST, G., et al. Joint experiments on small tokamaks: edge plasma studies on CASTOR. Nucl. Fusion 47 (2007) 378.

VAN OOST, G., et al. Joint Experiments on the tokamaks CASTOR and T-10. Plasma and Fusion Science, Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, Portugal, 22-24 October 2007. AIP Conference Proceedings, 996: 24-33, 2008, ISBN-978-0-7354-0515-8,ISSN0094-243X. http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/17IAEATM_RUSFD/proceedings.html

ALONSO, M.P., et al. Multipoint Thomson scattering diagnostic for the TCABR tokamak with centimeter spatial resolution. Plasma and Fusion Science,Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007. AIP Conference Proceedings 996: 192-198, 2008 (ISBN-978-0-7354-0515-8, ISSN 0094-243X) and http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/17IAEATM_RUSFD/proceedings.html

V.P. BUDAEV et al. The Characterization of Edge Plasma Intermittency in T-10 and TCABR Tokamaks 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Phys. Warsaw, 2 - 6 July 2007 ECA Vol.31F, P-1.088 (2007).

M GRYAZNEVICH et al. Progress on Joint Experiments on Small Tokamaks. 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Phys. Warsaw, 2 - 6 July 2007 ECA Vol.31F, P-1.070 (2007).

ELFIMOV, AG. Kinetic effect on low frequency Alfven continuum in tokamaks. Physics of Plasmas 15, 74503, 2008.

SEVERO, J.H.F., et al. Measurements of Temporal Evolution of Plasma Rotation in the TCABR Tokamak. Paper EX/P5-5, Presented at the 22nd Fusion Energy Conference, Geneva, 2008.

MACHIDA, M; et al., Impurity line emissions in VUV region of TCABR tokamak. 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007. Plasma and Fusion Science 996230, 2008.

MACHIDA, M., et al. Spectral line profile analysis using higher diffraction order in vacuum ultraviolet region. 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon 2007 Plasma and Fusion Science 996235, 2008.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; LOMINADZE, JG; CHURIKOV, AP, et al. High-frequency extensions of magnetorotational instability in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma Physics Reports 34, 678, 2008.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; LOMINADZE, JG; GALVAO, RMO, et al. Ideal internal kink modes in a differentially rotating cylindrical plasma Plasma Physics Reports 34, 538, 2008.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; LOMINADZE, JG; GALVAO, RMO, et al. Nonlocal magnetorotational instability. Physics of Plasmas 15, 052109, 2008.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; LOMINADZE, JG; GALVAO, RMO, et al. Nonaxisymmetric magnetorotational instability in ideal and viscous plasmas. Physics of Plasmas 15, 052103, 2008.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; LOMINADZE, JG; CHURIKOV, AP, et al. Contributions to the theory of magnetorotational instability and waves in a rotating plasma. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 106, 154, 2008.

MIKHAILOVSKII, AB; VLADIMIROV, SV; LOMINADZE, JG, ET AL. Dust-induced instability in a rotating plasma. Physics of Plasmas 15, 014504, 2008.

http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/17IAEATM_RUSFD/proceedings.html�


Appendix E.27

GALVÃO, R.M.O., et al. Physics and engineering basis of multi-functional compact tokamak reactor concept. Fusion Energy 2008, Proc. 22nd Int. Conf. Geneva, Switzerland, 13-18 October 2008) Paper FT/P3-20, 8 pages.

GRYAZNEVICH, M., et al. Results of Joint Experiments and other IAEA Activities on Research Using Small Tokamaks. Paper OV/P1-1, Fusion Energy Conference 2008 Proc. 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, 2008.

TSYPIN, VS; VLADIMIROV, SV; GALVAO, RMO, et al. Anisotropy of thermal stresses in confined dusty plasmas Source: Plasma Sources Science & Technology 17, 015006, 2008.

RODRIGUES, C; GUIMARES, ZO; CALDAS, IL, et al. Multifractality in plasma edge electrostatic turbulence. Physics of Plasmas 15, 082311, 2008.

GUIMARAES-FILHO, ZO; CALDAS, IL; VIANA, RL, et al. Electrostatic turbulence driven by high magnetohydrodynamic activity in Tokamak Chauffage Alfven Bresilien Physics of Plasmas 15, 062501, 2008.

MARCUS, FA; KROETZ, T; ROBERTO, M, et al. Chaotic transport in reversed shear tokamaks. 3rd Workshop on Stochasticity in Fusion Plasmas, MAR 05-07, 2007 Juelich GERMANY. Nuclear Fusion 48, 024018, 2008.

GUIMARAES, ZO; CALDAS, IL; VIANA, RL, et al. Recurrence quantification analysis of electrostatic fluctuations in fusion plasmas. Physics Letters A, 372, 1088, 2008.

F.A. MARCUS, I.L. CALDAS, Z.O. GUIMARÃES-FILHO, P.J. MORRISON, W. HORTON, YU.K. KUZNETSOV AND I.C. NASCIMENTO. Reduction of chaotic particle transport driven by drift waves in sheared flows. Phys. Plasmas 15, 112304, 2008.

ALONSO, M.P., et al., “Multipoint Thomson scattering diagnostic for the TCABR tokamak with centimeter spatial resolution. In VARANDAS, C.; SILVA, C. (eds.), Plasma and Fusion Science (Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007). AIP Conference Proceedings 996: 192-198, 2008 (ISBN-978-0-7354-0515-8, ISSN 0094-243X) and http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/17IAEATM_RUSFD/proceedings.html

ALONSO, M.P., et al., “Simulation Images of Doppler Broadening for the Thomson Scattering Diagnostic of the TCABR Tokamak”, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2008 (submitted).

ANDRADE, M.C.R., LUDWIG, G.O., “Scaling of Bootstrap Current in the Framework of a Self-Consistent Equilibrium Calculation”, Paper P1.189, 33rd EPS Conference on Plasma Physics (Europhysics Conference Abstracts of the 33rd EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, Roma, 2006) 4 pages, http://crpppc42.epfl.ch/Roma/start.htm

ANDRADE, M.C.R., LUDWIG, G.O., “Scaling of bootstrap current on equilibrium and plasma profile parameters in tokamak plasmas” Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 50(4) (2008) 065001 (18pp).

BARROSO, J.J., et al., “Design and test of a 6.7 GHz coaxial Bragg reflector” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 36(2) part 2 (2007) 481-487. DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2008.917946.

BARROSO, J.J., “Onset and saturation of the electric-field amplitude in transit-time tubes”, Page(s):1-2, Eighth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Kitakyushu, 2007., DOI 10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283245.

BARROSO, J.J., LEITE NETO, J.P., “Reentrant klystron cavities with circular and conical inserts”, Page(s):1-2, Eighth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Kitakyushu, 2007. (DOI 10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283246).

BARROSO, J.J. “Start up and saturation in monotrons”, 34th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Albuquerque, 2007.

BARROSO, J.J., et al., “Experimental characterization of a 6.7 GHz coaxial Bragg reflector” Rev. Sci. Instrum., 78 (2007) 096102(1-3).


http://crpppc42.epfl.ch/Roma/start.htm�

Appendix E.28

BARROSO, J.J. “Cavity excitation described by the van der Pol equation in transit-time tubes” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 54 (11) (2007) 3085-3091.. DOI: 10.1109/TED.2007.907144.

BARROSO, J.J., “Modeling transit-time microwave tubes”, IMOC 2007 International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, Salvador, 2007. Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE Catalog Number 07TH8919C, ISBN 1-4244-0661-7, pp. 297-301.

BARROSO, J.J., LEITE NETO, J.P., “Electrodynamic properties of reentrant klystron cavities”, IMOC 2007 International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, Salvador, 2007. Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE Catalog Number 07TH8919C ISBN 1-4244-0661-7, pp. 292-296.

BARROSO, J.J., et al., “Analysis and simulation of a 6.7 GHz coaxial Bragg reflector”, IMOC 2007 International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, Salvador, 2007. Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE Catalog Number 07TH8919C, ISBN 1-4244-0661-7, pp. 145-148.

BARROSO, J.J., et al., “Construction and tests of an injector electron gun for a 6.7 GHz monotron”, IMOC 2007 International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, Salvador, 2007. Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE Catalog Number 07TH8919C, ISBN 1-4244-0661-7, Library of Congress 2006933012, pp. 311-315.

BARROSO, J.J., LEITE NETO, J.P., “Resonance Frequency and Ohmic Q Factor in Klystron Cavities”, Ninth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterey, 2008. ISBN: 978-1-4244-1715-5, INSPEC Accession Number: 10072902, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556457, pp. 140-141.

CASTRO, P.J., BARROSO, J.J., “Radiation pattern measurements on a millimeter-wave open resonator”. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 27(10) (2006) 1323-1333.

CASTRO, P.J., et al., “Superconducting reentrant cavity as a parametric transducer in gravitational wave detectors” International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 2007.

CASTRO, P.J., et al., “Experimental tests on a coaxial Bragg reflector”, IMOC 2007 International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, Salvador, 2007. Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE Catalog Number 07TH8919C, ISBN 1-4244-0661-7, pp. 54-57.

GALVÃO, R.M.O., et al., “Physics and engineering basis of multi-functional compact tokamak reactor concept”. Fusion Energy 2008 (Proc. 22nd Int. Conf. Geneva, Switzerland, 13-18 October 2008) Paper FT/P3-20, 8 pages.

GRYAZNEVICH, M.P., et al., “Joint Research using Small Tokamaks” members. “Recent activities on the Experimental Research Programme Using Small Tokamaks”. AIP Conference Proceedings 875 (2006) 120-128 (ISBN 978-0-7354-0375-8).

GRYAZNEVICH, M. P. “Progress on Joint Experiments on Small Tokamaks” 34th European Physical Society Conference on Plasma – EPS, Warsaw, 2007.

GRYAZNEVICH, M., et al., “Results of Joint Experiments and other IAEA Activities on Research Using Small Tokamaks”, Paper OV/P1-1, presented at the Fusion Energy Conference 2008 (Proc. 22nd Int. Conf. Geneva, Switzerland, 2008).

LUDWIG, G.O. “Dynamics of electron cyclotron current drive”, paper TH/P6-12, 8 pages, presented at Fusion Energy 2006 (Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Chengdu, China, 16-21 October 2006) (Vienna: IAEA, ISBN 92-0-100907-0 / ISSN 1991-2374, 2007) http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/FEC/FEC2006/html/index.htm

LUDWIG, G.O. “Relativistic distribution functions, fluid equations and equations of state for magnetized electron streams” Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 49(8) (2007) 1521-49.

LUDWIG, G.O. “Fluid model of electron cyclotron current drive”. In VARANDAS, C.; SILVA, C. (eds.), Plasma and Fusion Science (Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, 2007). AIP Conference Proceedings 996: 121-132, 2008 (ISBN-978-0-7354-0515-8, ISSN 0094-243X) and http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/17IAEATM_RUSFD/proceedings.html

http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/FEC/FEC2006/html/index.htm�



Appendix E.29

LUDWIG, G.O. “Macroscopic model of electron cyclotron current drive” Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50(1) (2008) 025010.

LUDWIG, G.O., et al., “Figure-of-merit Analysis of Low-power Spherical Tokamak Reactors”, 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Spherical Tori and 14th International Workshop on Spherical Torus, Frascati, 2008.

LUDWIG, G.O., et al., “Performance analysis of low-power tokamak reactors”, Paper TH/P8-3, Fusion Energy 2008 (Proc. 22nd Int. Conf. Geneva, 2008).

ROSSI, J.O., et al., “SPICE simulation for hard-tube modulator design”, 16th International Pulsed Power Conference, Albuquerque, 2007.

SANTOS, A.L., et al., “Microwave Generation by a Virtual Cathode Enclosed in a Circular Cavity Placed Transversally in a Cylindrical Waveguide”, Ninth IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Monterey, 2008. ISBN: 978-1-4244-1715-5, INSPEC Accession Number: 10072979, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/IVELEC.2008.4556536, pp. 368-369.

VAN OOST, G., et al., “Proposals for an influential role of small tokamaks in mainstream fusion physics and technology research”, AIP Conference Proceedings 875 (2006) 142-149 (ISBN 978-0-7354-0375-8).

VAN OOST, G.E.M., et al., “Joint experiments on small tokamaks”, paper EX/P4-34, Fusion Energy 2006 (Proc. 21st IAEA Conf. Chengdu, 2006) (Vienna: IAEA, ISBN 92-0-100907-0 / ISSN 1991-2374, March 2007) http://www-naweb.iaea.org/napc/physics/FEC/FEC2006/html/index.htm

VAN OOST, G., et al., “Joint experiments on small tokamaks: edge plasma studies on CASTOR”, Nucl. Fusion 47 (2007) 378-86.

VAN OOST, G., et al., “Joint Experiments on the tokamaks CASTOR and T-10”. In VARANDAS, C.; SILVA, C. (eds.), Plasma and Fusion Science (Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Lisbon, Portugal, 22-24 October 2007). AIP Conference Proceedings 996: 24-33, 2008 (ISBN-978-0-7354-0515-8, ISSN 0094-243X). http://www.cfn.ist.utl.pt/17IAEATM_RUSFD/proceedings.html

EMAMI, M., et al., “Comparative study of plasma position measurements using multipole moments and discrete magnetic probes methods on IR-T1 tokamak”, Fusion Engineering and Design 83 (2008) 684.

GHASEMLOO, M., et al., “Measurement of magnetic Fields in the IR-T1 Tokamak Using a Mesh-Grid Arrangement”, FI.P3-219, presented at 14th ICPP, Fukuoka, 2008.

GHORANNEVISS, M., et al., “Study of Plasma Interaction with Titanium Coated Ferritic Steel in IR-T1 Tokamak”, AIP Plasma and Fusion Science, CP996 (2008) 172.

KHORSHID, P., et al., “Overview of Experimental Studies on IR-T1 Tokamak”, EX/P4-15, Proceedings of 22nd FEC 2008, Geneva, 2008.

KHORSHID, P., et al., “Designing a Sine-Coil for Measurement of Plasma Displacements in IR-T1 Tokamak”, AIP Plasma and Fusion Science CP996 (2008) 224.

MOLLAI, M., et al., “Measurement of Plasma Displacements by Sine-Coil and Mirnov Coils in the IR-T1 Tokamak”, 18th IAEA TM on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Alushta, 2008.

RAZAVI, M., et al., “Effect of Resonant Helical Magnetic Field on Plasma Displacement in IR-T1 tokamak”, 18th IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Research Using Small Fusion Devices, Alushta, 2008.

SAADAT, S., et al., "Statistical Analysis on Frequency Oscillation of Mirnov Coils in IR-T1 Tokamak”, FI.P3-057, presented at 14th ICPP, Fukuoka, 2008.

SALAR ELAHI, A., et al., “Comparative Measurements of Plasma Position Using Magnetic Probe and CCD Camera in IR-T1 Tokamak”, FI.P3-097, presented at 14th ICPP, Fukuoka, 2008.

SALEM, M.K., et al., “Mirnov Coil Analysis by Singular Value Decomposition Method in IR-T1 Tokamak”, FI.P3-058, presented at 14th ICPP, Fukuoka, 2008.




Appendix E.30

SHARIATZADEH, R., et al., “Design and Fabrication of a Moveable Langmuir Probe for Plasma Edge Parameters Measurement in IR-T1 Tokamak”, FI.P3-218, presented at 14th ICPP, Fukuoka, 2008.

TALEBITAHER, A., et al., “Design and Preliminary Results of a Feedback Circuit for Plasma Displacement Control in IR-T1 Tokamak”, AIP Plasma and Fusion Science CP996 (2008) 286.

VAN OOST, G., et al., Joint Experiments on the Tokamaks CASTOR and T-10, AIP Plasma and Fusion Science, CP996 (2008) 24.

L G Askinazi, V E Golant, V A Kornev, S V Lebedev, A S Tukachinsky, M I Vildjunas and N A Zhubr, «Radial electric field evolution in a vicinity of rotating magnetic island in the TUMAN-3M tokamak», Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion, v48, N 5A, А85-91 (2006).

V.V. Bulanin, L.G. Askinazi, S.V. Lebedev, M.V. Gorohov, V.A. Kornev, A.V. Petrov, A.S. Tukachinsky and M.I. Vildjunas, “Plasma rotation evolution near the peripheral transport barrier in presence of low-frequency MHD bursts in TUMAN-3M tokamak”, Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion, v48, N 5A, А101-107 (2006).

S.V. Lebedev, L.G. Askinazi, A.G. Barsukov, et al, “Neutral Beam Heating in the TUMAN-3M tokamak”, Proc. 13th International Congress on Plasma Physics (ICPP 2006), Kiev, May 22-26, 2006, part 1, p. 119.

L.G. Askinazi, F.V. Chernyshev, V.E. Golant, M.A. Irzak, V.A. Kornev, S.V. Krikunov, S.V. Lebedev, A.D. Melnik, D.V. Razumenko, V.V. Rozhdestvensky, A.A. Rushkevich, A.I. Smirnov, A.S. Tukachinsky, M.I. Vildjunas, N.A. Zhubr, Confinement of NBI-originated fast ions in TUMAN-3M, 34nd EPS Conf. Plasma Phys. Warsaw, 2007, ECA, Vol.31C (2007).

L.G. Askinazi, V.A. Kornev, S.V. Krikunov, S.V. Lebedev, A.I. Smirnov, A.S. Tukachinsky, M.I. Vildjunas, N.A. Zhubr, Measurements of plasma and neutral beam composition and impurity rotation using spectroscopy on TUMAN-3M tokamak, 34nd EPS Conf. Plasma Phys. Warsaw, 2007, ECA, Vol.31C (2007).

L.G. Askinazi, V.A. Kornev, S.V. Krikunov, L.I. Krupnik, S.V. Lebedev, A.I. Smirnov, M.Tendler, A.S.Tukachinsky, M.I. Vildjunas, N.A. Zhubr, Radial electric field and plasma rotation in various operational modes in the TUMAN-3M tokamak, 34nd EPS Conf. Plasma Phys. Warsaw, 2007, ECA, Vol.31C (2007).

F.V. Chernyshev, B.B. Ayushin, V.V. Dyachenko, V.K. Gusev, S.A. Khitrov, V.A Kornev, S.V. Krikunov, G.S. Kurskiev, S.V. Lebedev, R.G. Levin, A.D. Melnik, V.B. Minaev, M.I. Mironov, Yu.V. Petrov, D.V. Razumenko, N.V. Sakharov, O.N. Shcherbinin, S.Yu. Tolstyakov, A.S. Tukachinsky, M.I. Vildjunas, Recent results from CX diagnostics at Ioffe Institute tokamaks, 34nd EPS Conf. Plasma Phys. Warsaw, 2007, ECA, Vol.31C (2007).

Askinazi L.G., Kornev V.A., Krikunov S.V., L.I.Krupnik Lebedev S.V., Smirnov A.I.,Tukachinsky A.S., Vildjunas M.I., Zhubr N.A. RADIAL ELECTRIC FIELD AND PLASMA ROTATION IN TUMAN-3M TOKAMAK, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 123 (2008) 012010.

CHEN, J.L., et al., Limiter material experiments towards long pulse operation in the HT-7 superconducting tokamak, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363-365 (2007).

CHONG, F. L., et al., Fabrication and plasma exposure of fine-grained W/Cu functionally graded materials in the HT-7 tokamak, Fusion Science and Technology, 53 (2008).

CHONG, F. L., et al., Evaluation of tungsten coatings on CuCrZr and W/Cu FGM under high heat flux and HT-7 limiter plasma irradiation, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 (2007).

CHONG F., et al., Thermal Performance Study of VPS-W Coatings on CuCrZr under High Heat Flux, Plasma Science and Technology, 9(3) (2007).

CHONG, F.L., et al., Failure behaviors of vacuum plasma sprayed tungsten coatings for plasma facing application, 13th International Conference of Fusion Reactor Materials, Nice, 2007.

Appendix E.31

CHONG, F. L., et al., Optimization of compliant layers between vacuum plasma sprayed tungsten coatings and copper alloys for plasma facing application, 9th China-Japan Symposum on Materials, Guilin, 2007.

DING, B.J., et al., Investigations of sawtooth behaviour in ramp-up plasma assisted by lower hybrid current drive in the HT-7 tokamak, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 49 (2007).

GAO, W., et al., The study of MARFE during long pilse discharges in the HT-7 tokamak, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 2007.

HU, J.S., et al., Oxidation for deposits removal and hydrogen releasing on HT-7, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363-365 (2007).

HU, J.S., et al., Oxygen removal with D2-ICR cleaning after oxidation experiment in HT-7, Fusion Engineering and Design, 82 (2007).

HU, J.S., et al., Differences of ICR cleanings in He,D2 and O2 for deposit removal and hydrogen release in HT-7, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 366 (2007).

HU, J.S., et al., Deposits removal and hydrogen release on co-deposited films exposed to O-ICR and O-GDC plasmas in HT-7, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 49 (2007).

HU, L., et al., Internal collapse of the plasma during the long pulse plasma discharge and its influence on the plasma performance, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 (2007).

HU, L., et al., Long Pulse Discharges on the HT-7 Superconducting Tokamak, Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 49 (2006) S398-405.

HUANG, J., et al., Analysis of Dα(H)αspectrum emitted from the limiter in HT-7, The 2nd China-Japan Joint Seminar on Atomic and Molecular Processes in Plasma, Gansu, 2007.

HUANG, J., et al., Behaviors of impurity and hydrogen recycling on the HT-7 tokamak, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 (2007).

JIE, Y.X., et al., Plasma density behavior with new graphite limiters in HT-7, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 (2007).

LI, J., et al., Quasi-steady-state ac plasma current operation in HT-7 tokamak, Nuclear Fusion, 47 No.9 (2007) 1071-1077.

LI, Y., et al., High-k density fluctuation experiment in HT-7 tokamak, 34th Europe Physical Society Conference, Warsaw, 2007.

LI, H., et al., High heat load properties of actively cooled tungsten/copper mock-ups by explosive joining, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363-365 (2007).

LIN, S.Y., et al., Experimental investigation of energy confinement in HT-7 tokamak, 34th Europe Physical Society Conference, Warsaw, 2007.

LING, B.L., et al., An electrostatic detector for dust measurement on HT-7 tokamak, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 (2007).

LIU, Z.M., et al., Measurement of beam power and profile for DNB on HT-7 tokamak, Fusion Engineering and Design, 82 (2007).

LUO, G-N., et al., Directly-cooled VPS-W/Cu limiter and its preliminary results in HT-7, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 (2007).

MAO, W., et al., High power microwave test system and simulated experiments for HT-7, Plasma Science & Technology, 9(4) (2007).

SENG, B., et al., Poloidal beta and internal inductance measurement on HT-7 superconducting tokamak, Review of Scientific Instruments, 78 (2007).

SHI, Y., et al., IBW heating experiments in HT-7 tokamak, 11th IAEA technical meeting on H-mode and transport Barriers, Tsukuba, 2007.

SUN, Y., et al., Understanding the m=1 mode during the sawtooth ramp phase in lower hybrid Current driven plasmas on the HT-7 tokamak, Nuclear Fusion, 42 (2007) 271-279.

Appendix E.32

WU, Z.W., et al., Reduced effective ionic charge and enhanced plasma performance in the HT-7 tokamak, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 (2007).

XIAO, B., et al., Balmer-a spectroscopic study on hydrogen recycling and molecular effects in HT-7. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 363-365 (2007) 849-853.

XIE, C.Y., et al., Surface modification of thick SiC gradient coatings on doped graphite under long pulse plasma irradiation, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363-365 (2007).

XU, G., WAN, B., An analytical method for the abelinversion of asymmetrical gaussian profile, Plasma Science and Technology, 9 (1) (2007).

XU, Q., et al., High power lower hybrid current drive experiments in the HT-7 superconducting tokamak, 6th Conference of sia Plasma & Fusion Association, Gandhinagar, 2007.

XU, G., et al., Turbulence and coherent structures in the HT-7 tokamak, Plasma Science and Technology, 9(1) (2007).

ZANG, Q., et al., Raman calibration of the HT-7 yttrium aluminum garnet thomson scattering for electron density measurements, Review of Scientific Instruments, 78 (2007).

ZANG, Q., et al., The application of thomson scattering diagnostic system on HT-7 tokamak, 6th Conference of sia Plasma & Fusion Association, Gandhinagar, 2007.

ZHANG, T., et al., Study of density fluctuation and energy confinement on HT-7 tokamak, 6th Conference of sia Plasma & Fusion Association, Gandhinagar, 2007.

ZHANG, W., et al., Electron thermal transport induced by magnetic turbulence in the HT-7 tokamak, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 363–365 (2007).

Promping, J., et al., Preliminary Study of the Influence of Impurity Content in ISTTOK Tokamak Plasma, submitted to Thai Journal of Physics Series.

Poolyarat, N., et al., Simulation Study of Transport in ISTTOK Tokamak Using BALDUR Integrated Predictive Modeling Code, submitted to Thai Journal of Physics Series.

Poolyarat, N., et al., “The Study of Transport in ISTTOK and HL-2A Using Integrated Predictive Modeling Code,” in Proc. 35th EPS Conference on Plasma Phys, Hersonissos, 2008. (ECA Vol.32, P-4.030

Appendix E.33

CRP No. 655 (F41022)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Parameters for Calculation of Nuclear Reactions of Relevance to Non-energy Nuclear Applications



To improve the methodology of nuclear data evaluation by increasing predictive power, accuracy and reliability of theoretical calculations with nuclear reaction model codes. (b) Specific (CRP):

To provide an extended library of parameters for use in model calculations of cross sections, spectra and angular distributions, especially for reactions induced by charged particles, reactions at high incident energies and for targets far from the stability line. Particular attention will be paid to fission data, optical model parameters for deformed nuclei, collective enhancement of level densities, and temperature dependence of the Giant dipole Resonance width.


This CRP has brought together researchers from eleven different institutions for collaboration on input parameters to be used in nuclear reaction modelling and nuclear data evaluation. It is a culmination of 15 years of challenging work carried out through three consecutive IAEA coordinated research projects.


The RIPL-3 library was released in January 2009, and is available on the Web through http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-3/. Numerical data and computer codes included in RIPL-3 are arranged in seven segments covering all needed reaction input data. Special emphasis was given to the enhancement of the optical model database for deformed and complex nuclei, nuclear level density description, parameterization of the gamma-ray strength function and description of the input data needed for neutron induced fission reactions as described in published technical papers. Therefore, the specific objective of the CRP was fully achieved. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The scientific output of this CRP constitutes a significant contribution to “the safe and economic application of nuclear technologies in MS by ensuring convenient access to accurate and reliable nuclear data for energy and non-energy applications” (Sub-programme D1 Atomic and Nuclear

http://www-nds.iaea.org/RIPL-3/�

Appendix E.34

data). In particular this CRP has produced a backbone database to be used in nuclear data evaluations; CRP participants co-authored technical papers documenting two nuclear reaction code systems – EMPIRE [1] and TALYS [2] - used in nuclear data evaluation worldwide. These code systems fully rely for input data on the use of the RIPL database produced in this CRP.

Impact of the CRP:

The CRP has produced a largest compilation of Recommended Input Parameters for nuclear reaction calculations and nuclear data evaluations. This will have significant impact on the modelling of nucleon-induced nuclear reactions in the years to come. A notable outcome was fairly rapidly achieved in terms of incorporation of RIPL methodology into the derivation of evaluated nuclear reaction data adopted by internationally (JEFF-3.1 and 3.1.1 (OECD/NEA)) and nationally (US ENDF/B-VII - 2007, Russia RUSFOND – 2008, Japan JENDL-Actinoid - 2008, China CENDL-3.1 - 2009) formulated nuclear applications libraries.


The RIPL-3 (Reference Input Parameter Library, version 3) database is of immense value to theoreticians involved in the development and use of nuclear reaction modelling codes (e.g. ALICE, GNASH, UNF, CCONE, EMPIRE and TALYS) – the number of citations to this work within the open literature is already significant (arising from the authors' adoption of the contents of the RIPL-2 and RIPL-3 databases for their work).


A combination of theoretical modelling based on RIPL database and measurements has become an extremely powerful means of extending reaction databases with reasonable confidence (especially to areas where there are no measured data) - this type of work needs to continue beyond 2009. There is a need to maintain released RIPL database by compiling additional data through consultancies and NDS staff work. The participants in this CRP agreed that additional benefit would be gained from initiating another CRP at a future date to concentrate on theoretical studies of fission reactions and input data for such calculations.


1. M. HERMAN, R CAPOTE, B.V. CARLSON, P. OBLOZINSKY, M. SIN, A. TRKOV, H. WIENKE, V. ZERKIN, “EMPIRE: Nuclear Reaction Model Code System for Data Evaluation”, Nucl. Data Sheets. 108, 2655-2715 (2007).

1. A.J. KONING, S. HILAIRE, M. DUIJVESTIJN, “TALYS-1.0”, in: Proc. Int. Conf. Nuclear

Data for Science and Technology, 22-27 April 2007, Nice, France, O. Bersillon, F. Gunsing, E. Bauge, R. Jacqmin, S. Leray (Eds.), EDP Sciences, 2008, Vol. 1, pp. 211-214. See also “TALYS-1.0: A nuclear reaction program”, User Manual, NRG/CEA, December 2007.

2. E.SH. SOUKHOVITSKI, S. CHIBA, R. CAPOTE, J.M. QUESADA, S. KUNIEDA, G.

MOROROVSKIJ, “Supplement to OPTMAN Code, Manual Version 10”, JAERI-Data/Code 2008-025 (Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2008).

3. S. GORIELY, N. CHAMEL, J.M. PEARSON, “Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov nuclear

mass formulas: Crossing the 0.6 MeV accuracy threshold with microscopically deduced pairing”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 152503 (2009).

4. S. HILAIRE, M. GIROD, “Large-scale mean-field calculations from proton to neutron drip

lines using the D1S Gogny force”, Eur. Phys. J. A33, 237-241 (2007).

5. S. GORIELY, M. SAMYN, J.M. PEARSON, “Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. VII. Simultaneous fits to masses and fission barriers”,

6. Phys. Rev. C75, 064312-064312.7 (2007).

Appendix E.35

7. Y. HAN, Y. SHI, Q. SHEN, “Deuteron global optical model potential for energies up to 200 MeV”, Phys. Rev. C74, 044615-044615.11 (2006).

8. M. AVRIGEANU, A.C. OBREJA, F.L. ROMAN, V. AVRIGEANU, W. VON OERTZEN,

“Complementary optical-potential analysis of alpha-particle elastic scattering and induced reactions at low energies”, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 95, 501-532 (2009).

9. A. KUMAR, S. KAILAS, S. RATHI, K. MAHATA, “Global alpha-nucleus optical potential”,

Nucl. Phys. A776, 105-117 (2006).

10. M. AVRIGEANU, W. VON OERTZEN, et al., “On temperature dependence of the optical potential for alpha-particles at low energies”, Nucl. Phys. A764, 246-260 (2006).

11. M. AVRIGEANU AND V. AVRIGEANU, “alpha-particle optical potential tests below the

Coloumb barrier”, Phys. Rev. C79, 027601-027601.4 (2009).

12. S. GORIELY, S. HILAIRE, A.J. KONING, “Improved microscopic nuclear level densities within the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov plus combinatorial method”, Phys. Rev. C78, 064307-064307.14 (2008)

13. R. CAPOTE, S. CHIBA, E.SH. SOUKHOVITSKI, J.M. QUESADA, E. BAUGE, “A global

dispersive coupled-channel optical model potential for actinides”, J. Nucl. Sci. Tech. (Japan) 45, 333-340 (2008).

14. R. CAPOTE, E.SH. SOUKHOVITSKII, J.M. QUESADA, S. CHIBA, “Is a global coupled-

channel dispersive optical model potential for actinides feasible?”, Phys. Rev.C72, 064610-064610.6 (2005)

15. S. GORIELY, S. HILAIRE, M. GIROD, S. PERU, “First Gogny-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov

nuclear mass model”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 242501 (2009).

16. E. SOUKHOVITSKI, S. CHIBA, J. LEE, “Soft-rotor coupled channels global optical potential for A = 24-122 mass region nuclides up to 200-MeV incident nucleon energies”, in: Proc. Int. Conf. Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, 26 Sep-1 Oct 2004, Santa Fe, NM, R.C. HAIGHT, M.B. CHADWICK, T. KAWANO, P. TALOU (Eds.), AIP Conf. Proc. 769, 2005, p. 1100

17. E.SH. SOUKHOVITSKII, R. CAPOTE, J.M. QUESADA, S. CHIBA, “Dispersive coupled-

channel analysis of nucleon scattering from 232Th up to 200 MeV”, Phys. Rev. C72, 024604-024604.12 (2005).

18. R. CAPOTE, E.SH. SOUKHOVITSKI, J.M. QUESADA, S. CHIBA, “Lane consistency of

the dispersive coupled channel optical model potential”, in: Proc. Int. Conf. Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, 22-27 April 2007, Nice, France, O. BERSILLON, F. GUNSING, E. BAUGE,R. JACQMIN, S. LERAY (Eds.), EDP Sciences, 2008, Vol.1, pp. 239-242.

19. L.C. MIHAILESCU, I. SIRAKOV, R. CAPOTE, A. BORELLA, K.H. GUBER, S.

KOPECKY, L.C. LEAL, P. SCHILLEBEECKX, P. SIEGLER, E. SOUKHOVITSKII, R. WYNANTS, “Evaluation of the 103Rh neutron cross-section data in the unresolved resonance region for improved criticality safety”,in: Proc. Int. Conf. Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, 22-27 April 2007, Nice, France, O. Bersillon, F. Gunsing, E. Bauge, R. Jacqmin, S. Leray (Eds.), EDP Sciences, 2008, Vol. 1, pp. 649-652.

20. M. SIN, R. CAPOTE, S. GORIELY, S. HILAIRE, A.J. KONING, “Neutron-induced fission

cross section on actinides using microscopic fission energy surfaces”, in: Proc. Int. Conf. Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, 22-27 April 2007, Nice, France, O. Bersillon, F. Gunsing, E. Bauge, R. Jacqmin, S. Leray (Eds.), EDP Sciences, 2008, Vol. 1, 313-316

Appendix E.36

21. E.SH. SOUKHOVITSKII, S. CHIBA, J.-Y. LEE, O. IWAMOTO, T. FUKAHORI, “Global

coupled-channel optical potential for nucleon-actinide interaction from 1 keV to 200 MeV”, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30, 905-920 (2004).

22. R. CAPOTE, A. VENTURA, F. CANNATA, J.M. QUESADA, “Level densities of

transitional Sm nuclei”, Phys. Rev. C71, 064320-64320.9 (2005).

23. A. TRKOV, R. CAPOTE, I. KODELI, L. LEAL, “Evaluation of Tungsten Nuclear Reaction Data with Covariances”, Nucl. Data Sheets 109, 2905-2909 (2008).

24. A.J. KONING, S. HILAIRE, S. GORIELY, “Global and local level density models”, Nucl.

Phys. A810, 13-76 (2008).

25. S. HILAIRE, S. GORIELY, “Global microscopic nuclear level densities within the HFB plus combinatorial method for practical applications”, Nucl. Phys. A779, 63-81 (2006).

26. S. GORIELY, E. KHAN, M. SAMYN, “Microscopic HFB + QRPA predictions of dipole

strength for astrophysics applications”, Nucl. Phys. A739, 331-352 (2004).

27. S. GORIELY, S. HILAIRE, A.J. KONING, M. SIN AND R. CAPOTE, “Towards a prediction of fission cross section on the basis of microscopic nuclear inputs”, Phys. Rev. C79, 024612-024612.13 (2009).

28. V.A. PLUJKO, I.M. KADENKO, O.A. BEZSHYYKO, L.O. GOLINKA-BEZSHYYKO, O.I.

DAVIDOVSKAYA, “Comparison and testing of methods for E1 strength calculations”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E15, 387-392 (2006).

29. V.A. PLUJKO, I.M. KADENKO, S. GORIELY, E.V. KULICH, O.I. DAVIDOVSKAYA,

O.M. GORBACHENKO, in: Proc. Int. Conf. Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, 22-27 April 2007, Nice, France, O. Bersillon, F. Gunsing, E. Bauge, R. Jacqmin, S. Leray (Eds.), EDP Sciences, 2008, pp. 235-238.

30. V.A. PLUJKO, I.M. KADENKO, O.M. GORBACHENKO, E.V. KULICH, “The simplified

description of dipole radiative strength function”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E17, 240-244 (2008).

31. V.A. PLUJKO, I.M. KADENKO, E.V. KULICH, S. GORIELY, O.I. DAVIDOVSKAYA, O.M. GORBACHENKO, “Verification of models for calculation of E1 radiative strength”, in: Proc. Workshop on Photon Strength Functions Rel. Topics, Prague, Czech Republic, 17-20 June 2007, Proceedings of Science PSF07, F. Becvar (Ed.), PoS(PSF07)002, 2008.

32. M. SAMYN, S. GORIELY, J.M. PEARSON, “Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-

Bogoliubov mass formulas. V. Extension to fission barriers”, Phys. Rev. C72, 044316-044316.24 (2005)

33. V.I. ABROSIMOV, V.A. PLUJKO, O.I. DAVIDOVSKAYA, “Dependence of E1 Radiative

strength function on neutron excess in heavy nuclei”, in: Proc. Intern. Conf. Nuclear Data Science and Technology, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 26 Sept.-1 Oct. 2004, AIP Conf. Proc. 769, R.C. Haight, M.B. Chadwick, T. Kawano, P. Talou (Eds.), Melville, New York, 2005, Part 2, pp. 1112-1115

34. V.A. PLUJKO, O.M. GORBACHENKO, E.V.KULICH, “Lorentzian-like m odels of E1

radiative strength functions”, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E18, 996-1001 (2009).

35. V.A. PLUJKO, I.M. KADENKO, O.I. DAVIDOVSKAYA, E.V. KULICH, O.M. GORBACHENKO, “E1 radiative strength function for gamma-decay and photoabsorption, in:

Appendix E.37

Proc. Int. Conf. Current Problems Nucl. Phys. Atom. Energy, 9-15 June 2008, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vol.1, pp. 155-159; J. Nucl. Phys. Atomic Energy 3 (2008) 28-32.

36. S. GORIELY, J.M. PEARSON, “Latest results of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass

formulas”, in: Proc. Int. Conf. Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, 22-27 April 2007, Nice, France, O. Bersillon, F. Gunsing, E. Bauge, R. Jacqmin, S. Leray (Eds.), EDP Sciences, 2008, Vol.1, pp.203-206.

37. M. SIN, R. CAPOTE, A. VENTURA, M. HERMAN, P. OBLOZINSKY, “Fission of light

actinides: 232Th(n,f) and 231Pa(n,f) reactions”, Phys. Rev. C74, 014608-014608.13 (2006).

38. A. MORGENSTERN, C. APOSTOLIDIS, F. BRUCHERTSEIFER, R. CAPOTE, T. GOUDERA, F. SIMONELLI, M. SIN, K. ABBAS, “Cross-sections of the reaction 232Th(p, 3n)230Pa for production of 230U for targeted alpha therapy”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 66 (2008).

39. I. SIRAKOV, R. CAPOTE, F. GUNSING, P. SCHILLEBEECKX, A. TRKOV, “An ENDF-6 compatible evaluation for neutron induced reactions of 232Th in the unresolved resonance region”, Annals of Nuclear Energy 35 (2008) 1223-1231.

40. M. SIN, R. CAPOTE, “Transmission through multi-humped fission barriers with absorption:

A recursive approach”, Phys. Rev. C77 (2008) 054601.

41. J.M. QUESADA, R. CAPOTE, E.Sh. Soukhovitskii and S. Chiba, “Approximate Lane consistency of the dispersive coupled-channels potential for actinides”, Phys. Rev. C76 (2007) 057602.

42. R. CAPOTE, M. HERMAN, P. OBLOZINSKY, P.G. YOUNG, S. GORIELY, T. BELGYA,

A.V. IGNATYUK, A.J. KONING, S. HILAIRE, V.A. PLUJKO, M. AVRIGEANU, O. BERSILLON, M.B. CHADWICK, T. FUKAHORI, ZHIGANG GE, YINLU HAN, S. KAILAS, J. KOPECKY, V.M. MASLOV, G. REFFO, M. SIN, E.SH. SOUKHOVITSKII, P. TALOU, “RIPL – Reference Input Parameter Library for Calculation of Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Data Evaluations”

Appendix E.38

CRP No. 1343 (F42005)


Title of the Co-ordinated Research Project: Reference Database for Neutron Activation Analysis



To improve the accuracy and completeness of the database of nuclear constants for NAA. To facilitate knowledge transfer to developing countries using NAA by validation and cross-checking of reference material analyses. To produce improved and consistent evaluated nuclear data files by validation through their use with the NAA technique. (b) Specific (CRP):

To improve the database of integral nuclear constants for NAA. To improve consistency between energy-dependent cross sections and integral constants used in NAA. To contribute to the nuclear structure database.


Improved database of integral nuclear constants for NAA. A set of evaluated cross section data files for selected nuclides consistent with the integral nuclear constants. An updated nuclear structure file (Evaluated Gamma-ray Activation File, EGAF). Full description of the methodology required to allow irradiation facilities with non-standard spectral characteristics to successfully apply the NAA technique. (b) Others:

Improvements to the IAEA developed NAA analysis software (k0-IAEA) through its use and validation throughout the CRP. Full documentation is in preparation as an IAEA technical report. Web page for data distribution and feedback. A number of relevant papers have been published at international conferences and in refereed journals during the course of the CRP (see list below).



All foreseen outputs have been delivered. Integral nuclear constants have been measured and published.

Appendix E.39

A set of evaluated cross section files has been produced. Additions and improvements have been made to the nuclear structure file, EGAF. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

Improvements have been made to the k0-IAEA software and associated database, which is supported, distributed and recommended by the IAEA. Also included in this software are the methods developed for the calculation of self-shielding factors, developed during the CRP. Thorough validation of the k0-NAA technique for use with reference materials has been proven at a number of national neutron activation laboratories through their collaboration in the CRP.

Impact of the CRP:

The accuracy to which the determination of elemental concentrations in material samples through use of the neutron activation analysis technique has been improved.

A database of differential cross section data has been validated against integral neutron activation analysis data.


Improvements in the use of the k0-NAA technique have been achieved at a number of national neutron activation laboratories.

Recommended future action by Agency: Continue to support the development of the k0-IAEA software. Maintain the distribution of the k0-IAEA software and associated reference material samples for validation of the use of the k0-NAA technique at new facilities. Consider extending the database of validated differential cross sections to additional materials.


1. R. JAĆIMOVIĆ, A. TRKOV, G. ŽEROVNIK, L. SNOJ, P. SCHILLEBEECKX, Validation of calculated self-shielding factors for Rh foils, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys Res., Sect. Axxx (2010) [in press] doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.053

2. R. JAĆIMOVIĆ, V. STIBILJ, Determination of Q0 and k0 factors for 75Se and their

validation using known mass of Se on cellulose, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys Res Axxx (2010) [in press] doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.12.070

3. A.TRKOV, G. ŽEROVNIK, L.SNOJ, M.RAVNIK, On the self-shielding factors in

neutron activation analysis, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A610 (2009) 553-565

4. S.A. JONAH, U. SADIQ, I.O. OKUNADE, I.I. FUNTUA, The use of the k0-IAEA program in NIRR-1 NAA laboratory, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 279 (2009) 749-755

5. P. MAKRESKI, R. JAĆIMOVIĆ, V. STIBILJ, T. STAFILOV, Determination of major

and trace elements in iron-nickel-copper-cobalt ore reference materials using k0-NAA, Radiochim. Acta, 97 (2009) 643-649

6. S.A. JONAH, K. IBIKUNLE, Y. LI, A feasibility study of LEU enrichment uranium

fuels for MNSR conversion using MCNP, Annals Nucl. Energy 36 (2009) 1285-1286

Appendix E.40

7. M.A.B.C. MENEZES, R. JAĆIMOVIĆ, Validation of the k0_IAEA software using SMELS material at CDTN/CNEN, Brazil, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 278 (2008) 607-611

8. R. JAĆIMOVIĆ, P. MAKRESKI, V. STIBILJ, T. STAFILOV, Determination of major

and trace elements in iron reference materials using k0-NAA, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 278 (2008) 795-799

9. Y.A. AHMED, G.I. BALOGUN, S.A. JONAH, I.I. FUNTUA, The behavior of reactor

power and flux resulting from changes in core-coolant temperature for a miniature neutron source reactor, Annals Nucl. Energy 35 (2008) 2417-2419

10. C.E. MOKOBIA, F.O. OGUNDARE, E.P. INYANG, F.A. BALOGUN, S.A. JONAH,

Determination of the elemental constituents of a natural dolerite using NIRR-1, App. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2008) 1916-1919

11. S.A. JONAH, Y.V. IBRAHIM, E.H.K. AKAHO, The determination of reactor neutron

spectrum-averaged cross-sections in miniature neutron source reactor facility, App. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2008) 1377-1380

12. S.A. JONAH, J.R. LIAW, J.E. MATOS, Monte Carlo simulation of core physics

parameters of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1), Annals Nucl. Energy 34 (2007) 953-957

13. P. VERMAERCKE, P. ROBOUCH, M. EGUSKIZA, F. DE CORTE, G. KENNEDY, B.

SMODIŠ, R. JAĆIMOVIĆ, C. YONEZAWA, H. MATSUE, X. LIN, M. BLAAUW, J. KUČERA, Characterisation of synthetic multi-element standards (SMELS) used for the validation of k0-NAA, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys Res. A564 (2006) 675-682

14. M.A.B.C. MENEZES, R. JAĆIMOVIĆ, Optimised k0-instrumental neutron activation

method using the TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1 reactor at CTDN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A564 (2006) 707-715

15. S.A. JONAH, I.M. UMAR, M.O.A. OLADIPO, G.I. BALOGUN, D.J. ADEYEMO,

Standardization of NIRR-1 irradiation and counting facilities for instrumental neutron activation analysis, App. Radiat. Isot. 64 (2006) 818-822

Appendix E.41

CRP No. 624 (F43014)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Atomic and Molecular Data for Plasma Modelling



The plasmas encountered in nuclear fusion reactors are extremely complex, consisting of a mixture of atoms, ions and molecules from a variety of species. These particles react with electrons and with each other. Examples of the types of reactions are electron and proton impact excitation and ionisation, charge exchange, radiative recombination and dielectronic recombination. The characteristics of the plasma depend on these interactions. Numerical models of such plasmas require large amounts of data for carrying out the simulation of the plasma. The broad goal of this CRP to examine the outstanding needs for data and to address as many needs as possible, with particular concern for processes involving molecules and their ions. (b) Specific (CRP):

The specific objective of this CRP was to provide data for atomic and molecular processes that take place in the low-temperature, near-wall region of fusion plasma experiments, where molecules and molecular ions are present in addition to neutral hydrogen, neutral atoms and low-charged impurity ions, and the main plasma hydrogen ions. To this end the CRP was designed to collect and evaluate cross sections, rate coefficients, branching ratios, and kinetic energies from various sources for hydrides and isotopes. Estimates were to be made of vibrational relaxation times in the hydride complexes. Gaps in existing data should be identified and filled to the extent possible. Data are needed for all possible molecular break-up channels. Electron temperatures from 1 to 10 eV are most important, as well as an asymptotic extension to higher energies. The methane family is the most important case including all the break-up products. Acetylene should be considered as well. BeH and BeH2 and their isotopomers as well as their ions should also be addressed.


This CRP brought together researchers from 14 different institutes for collaboration on experimental and theoretical aspects of atomic and molecular data for modelling of fusion experiments. (b) Others:

The CRP has resulted in a major upgrade of the Hydride Kinetics (HYDKIN) database that is maintained in the plasma physics institute at the Forschungszentrum Jülich. It is intended to add these data as well to the ALADDIN database at the IAEA or to make them accessible through the GENIE search engine here.

Appendix E.42


The scientific output of this CRP constitutes a significant addition to the knowledge of atomic and molecular processes in the near-wall plasma. In particular the CRP has contributed many measurements and calculations of processes involving hydrocarbons and Be and C hydrides, and has led to a significant upgrade of the database of hydrocarbon kinetic processes in plasma. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The output of the CRP supports the efforts in Member States to model the effects of plasma-wall interaction in fusion plasma and to improve the design of the heat exhaust system in future experiments and in a reactor.

Impact of the CRP: The CRP has produced measurements and calculations of molecular processes in low-temperature plasma and these have been documented in the scientific literature. It is expected that the impact will be seen in citations of this literature and in use of the data.

Relevance of the CRP: The CRP had been strongly recommended by the Atomic and Molecular Data Subcommittee of the International Fusion Research Council (IFRC) and it was focussed on the atomic and molecular processes that are of the most importance for the near-wall plasma region and for plasma-wall interaction in fusion devices. Knowledge about these processes is highly relevant for the design optimization of heat exhaust in fusion experiments.

Recommended future action by Agency: There are un-met atomic, molecular and plasma-wall interaction data needs in the domain of near-wall fusion plasma. The ongoing CRP 1584, Light Element Atom, Molecule and Radical Behaviour in the Divertor and Edge Plasma Regions, is focussed on atomic processes and processes of light element hydrides. A future CRP specifically devoted to data for kinetic modelling of hydrocarbon molecules and their ions would be timely, as would a CRP focussed on interaction processes of plasma and a Be-W wall.

Resulting Publications: 1. R. SHARMA, J. WU, B. J. BRAAMS, S. CARTER, R. SCHNEIDER, B. SHEPLER,

AND J. M. BOWMAN, The Journal of Chemical Physics 125, 224306+ (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402169.

2. U. FANTZ, H. FALTER, P. FRANZEN, D. WU NDERLICH, M. BERGER, A.

LORENZ, W. KRAUS, P. MCNEELY, R. RIEDL, AND E. SPETH, Nuclear Fusion 46, S297+ (2006), ISSN 0029-5515, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/46/6/S10.

3. D. PAGANO, C. GORSE, AND M. CAPITELLI, Review of Scientific Instruments 77,

03A505+ (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2162858.

4. X. ZHANG, B. J. BRAAMS, AND J. M. BOWMAN, The Journal of Chemical Physics 124, 021104+ (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2162532.

5. K. HASSOUNI, G. LOMBARDI, X. DUTEN, G. HAAGELAR, F. SILVA, A.

GICQUEL, T. A. GROTJOHN, M. CAPITELLI, AND J. RO PCKE, Plasma Sources Science and Technology 15, 117+ (2006), ISSN 0963-0252, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/1/018.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402169�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/46/6/S10�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2162858�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2162532�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/1/018�

Appendix E.43

6. G. HALMOVÁ, J. D. GORFINKIEL, AND J. TENNYSON, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 39, 2849 (2006), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/12/018.

7. J. JASIK, J. ROITHOVA, J. ZABKA, R. THISSEN, I. IPOLYI, AND Z. HERMAN,

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 255-256, 150 (2006a), ISSN 13873806, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2006.01.028.

8. M. CAPITELLI, M. CACCIATORE, R. CELIBERTO, O. D. PASCALE, P. DIOMEDE,

F. ESPOSITO, A. GICQUEL, C. GORSE, K. HASSOUNI, A. LARICCHIUTA, et al., Nuclear Fusion 46, S260+ (2006), ISSN 0029-5515, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/46/6/S06.

9. KOSARIM, B. SMIRNOV, M. CAPITELLI, A. LARICCHIUTA, AND F. PANICCIA,

Chemical Physics Letters 422, 513 (2006), ISSN 00092614, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.02.098.

10. LARICCHIUTA, R. CELIBERTO, F. ESPOSITO, AND M. CAPITELLI, Plasma

Sources Science and Technology 15, S62+ (2006), ISSN 0963-0252, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/2/S08.

11. M. J. BRUNGER, H. CHO, H. TANAKA, AND S. J. BUCKMAN, Japanese Journal of

Applied Physics 45, 8183 (2006), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/45/8183/.

12. MAKOCHEKANWA, K. OGURI, R. SUZUKI, T. ISHIHARA, M. HOSHINO, M. KIMURA, AND H. TANAKA, Physical Review A 74, 042704+ (2006b), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042704.

13. R. K. JANEV, C. L. LIU, J. G. WANG, AND J. YAN, EPL (Europhysics Letters) pp.

616+ (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2005-10576-1.

14. L. LIU, J. G. Wang, and R. K. JANEV, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 39, 1223+ (2006), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/5/019.

15. S. DENIFL, S. MATEJCIK, J. SKALNY, AND T. MARK, International Journal of

Mass Spectrometry 248, 29 (2006), ISSN 13873806, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2005.10.007.

16. R. K. JANEV AND P. S. KRSTIĆ, Physica Scripta 2006, 96+ (2006), ISSN 0031-8949,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/019.

17. T. G. LEE, N. BALAKRISHNAN, R. C. FORREY, P. C. STANCIL, D. R. SCHULTZ, AND G. J. FERLAND, The Journal of Chemical Physics 125, 114302+ (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2338319.

18. U. FANTZ AND D. WU NDERLICH, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 92, 853

(2006a), ISSN 0092640X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2006.05.001.

19. U. FANTZ AND D. WU NDERLICH, New Journal of Physics 8, 301+ (2006b), ISSN 1367-2630, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/301.

20. L. PICHL, R. SUZUKI, M. KIMURA, Y. LI, R. J. BUENKER, M. HOSHINO, AND Y.

YAMAZAKI, The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics 38, 59 (2006), ISSN 1434-6060, http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2005-00327-x.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/12/018�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2006.01.028�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/46/6/S06�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/46/6/S06�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.02.098�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/2/S08�

http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/45/8183/�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042704�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2005-10576-1�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/5/019�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/5/019�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2006/T124/019�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2338319�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2006.05.001�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/301�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2005-00327-x�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2005-00327-x�

Appendix E.44

21. T. KUSAKABE, Y. MIYAMOTO, M. KIMURA, AND H. TAWARA, Physical Review A 73, 022706+ (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.022706.

22. T. MINAMI, M. S. PINDZOLA, T. G. LEE, AND D. R. SCHULTZ, Journal of Physics

B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 39, 2877 (2006), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/12/020.

23. U. FANTZ, Plasma Sources Science and Technology 15, S137+ (2006), ISSN 0963-

0252, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/4/S01.

24. FAURE, V. KOKOOULINE, C. H. GREENE, AND J. TENNYSON, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 39, 4261 (2006a), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/20/023.

25. H. SUNO, S. N. RAI, H. P. LIEBERMANN, R. J. BUENKER, M. KIMURA, AND L.

PICHL, Physical Review A 74, 012701+ (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.74.012701.

26. V. KOTOV, D. REITER, A. S. KUKUSHKIN, H. D. PACHER, P. BORNER, AND S.

WIESEN, Contributions to Plasma Physics 46, 635 (2006), ISSN 1521-3986 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.200610056.

27. S. TAIOLI AND J. TENNYSON, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical

Physics 39, 4379+ (2006), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/21/004.

28. L. WIESENFELD, A. FAURE, M. WERNLI, P. VALIRON, F. DANIEL, M. L.

DUBERNET, A. GROSJEAN, AND J. TENNYSON (AIP, 2006), vol. 855, pp. 245–252, http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2359562.

29. W. K. PARK, J. PARK, S. C. PARK, B. J. BRAAMS, C. CHEN, AND J. M.

BOWMAN, The Journal of Chemical Physics 125, 081101+ (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2333487.

30. FAURE, L. WIESENFELD, P. VALIRON, AND J. TENNYSON, Physical and

Engineering Sciences 364, 3113 (2006b), http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1863.

31. F. TACCOGNA, R. SCHNEIDER, K. MATYASH, S. LONGO, M. CAPITELLI, AND D. TSKHAKAYA, Journal of Nuclear Materials 363-365, 437 (2007), ISSN 00223115, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.039.

32. H. ZHANG, J. G. WANG, B. HE, Y. B. QIU, AND R. K. JANEV, Physics of Plasmas

14, 053505+ (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2736675.

33. Y. WANG, B. J. BRAAMS, AND J. M. BOWMAN, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 111, 4056 (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0676787.

34. T. MINAMI, M. S. PINDZOLA, T. G. LEE, AND D. R. SCHULTZ, Journal of Physics

B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 40, 3629 (2007), ISSN 0953-4075 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/40/18/005.

35. REINHOLD, M. SELIGER, T. MINAMI, D. SCHULTZ, J. BURGDORFER, E.

LAMOUR, J. ROZET, AND D. VERNHET, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 261, 125 (2007), ISSN 0168583X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.075.


http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/12/020�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/15/4/S01�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/20/023�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.200610056�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/21/004�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/39/21/004�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2359562�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2333487�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1863�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.039�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2736675�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0676787�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/40/18/005�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.075�

Appendix E.45

36. K. M. CHRISTOFFEL, Z. JIN, B. J. BRAAMS, AND J. M. BOWMAN, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 111, 6658 (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp068722l.

37. M. E. BANNISTER, H. ALIABADI, E. M. BAHATI, M. R. FOGLE, P. KRSTIĆ, C. R.

VANE, A. EHLERDING, W. GEPPERT, F. HELLBERG, V. ZHAUNERCHYK, et al., AIP Conference Proceedings 926, 197 (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2768852.

38. WUNDERLICH, R. GUTSER, U. FANTZ, AND N. TEAM, AIP Conference

Proceedings 925, 46 (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2773645.

39. T. KUSAKABE, H. TAWARA, M. KIMURA, J. P. GU, AND R. J. BUENKER, Physical Review A 75, 044701+ (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.75.044701.

40. S. MENMUIR, E. RACHLEW, U. FANTZ, R. PUGNO, AND R. DUX, Journal of

Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 105, 425 (2007), ISSN 00224073, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.12.004.

41. S. BREZINSEK, R. PUGNO, U. FANTZ, A. MANHARD, H. W. MULLER, A.

KALLENBACH, AND P. MERTENS, Physica Scripta 2007, 40+ (2007), ISSN 0031-8949, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2007/T128/008.

42. D. REITER, V. KOTOV, P. BORNER, K. SAWADA, R. JANEV, AND B. KUPPERS,

Journal of Nuclear Materials 363-365, 649 (2007), ISSN 00223115, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.213.

43. S. FEIL, P. SULZER, A. MAURACHER, M. BEIKIRCHER, N. WENDT, A. ALEEM,

S. DENIFL, F. ZAPPA, S. MATT-LEUBNER, A. BACHER, et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 86, 012003+ (2007), ISSN 1742-6596, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/86/1/012003.

44. MAKOCHEKANWA, M. HOSHINO, H. TANAKA, AND M. KIMURA, Journal of

Physics: Conference Series 86, 012004+ (2007), ISSN 1742-6596, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/86/1/012004.

45. M. CAPITELLI, I. ARMENISE, D. BRUNO, M. CACCIATORE, R. CELIBERTO, G.

COLONNA, O. D. PASCALE, P. DIOMEDE, F. ESPOSITO, C. GORSE, et al., Plasma Sources Science and Technology 16, S30+ (2007), ISSN 0963-0252, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/16/1/S03.

46. M. HOSHINO, L. PICHL, Y. KANAI, Y. NAKAI, M. KITAJIMA, M. KIMURA, Y. LI,

H. P. LIEBERMANN, R. J. BUENKER, H. TANAKA, et al., Physical Review A 75, 012716+ (2007),

47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.75.012716.

48. P. DIOMEDE, A. MICHAU, M. REDOLFI, W. MORSCHEIDT, K. HASSOUNI, S. LONGO, AND M. CAPITELLI, Physics of Plasmas 15, 103505+ (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3006152.

49. LEE, N. BALAKRISHNAN, R. C. FORREY, P. C. STANCIL, G. SHAW, D. R.

SCHULTZ, AND G. J. FERLAND, The Astrophysical Journal 689, 1105 (2008), ISSN 0004-637X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592560.

50. J. LECOINTRE, D. S. BELIC, J. J. JURETA, R. JANEV, AND P. DEFRANCE, The

European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics 50, 265 (2008), ISSN 1434-6060, http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2008-00241-9.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp068722l�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2768852�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2773645�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.12.004�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2007/T128/008�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/86/1/012003�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/86/1/012004�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/16/1/S03�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3006152�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592560�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2008-00241-9�

Appendix E.46

51. MURAKAMI, J. YAN, H. SATO, M. KIMURA, R. K. JANEV, AND T. KATO, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 94, 161 (2008), ISSN 0092640X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2007.10.002.

52. Y. RALCHENKO, R. K. JANEV, T. KATO, D. V. FURSA, I. BRAY, AND F. J. DE

HEER, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 94, 603 (2008), ISSN 0092640X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2007.11.003.

53. PYSANENKO, J. ZABKA, T. MARK, AND Z. HERMAN, International Journal of

Mass Spectrometry 277, 229 (2008a), ISSN 13873806, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2008.05.024.

54. PYSANENKO, J. Z ABKA, F. ZAPPA, T. D. MARK, AND Z. HERMAN, International

Journal of Mass Spectrometry 273, 35 (2008b), ISSN 13873806, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2008.02.011.

55. O. MARCHUK, G. BERTSCHINGER, W. BIEL, E. DELABIE, M. G. VON

HELLERMANN, R. JASPERS, AND D. REITER (AIP, 2008), vol. 79, pp. 10F532+, http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2965019.

56. ROSATO, P. BO RNER, V. KOTOV, AND D. REITER (AIP, 2008), vol. 1058, pp.

210–212 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3026445.

57. TACCOGNA, R. SCHNEIDER, K. MATYASH, S. LONGO, M. CAPITELLI, AND D. TSHAKAYA, Contributions to Plasma Physics 48, 147 (2008a), ISSN 1521-3986, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.200810026.

58. S. LONGO, P. DIOMEDE, AND M. CAPITELLI, Physica Scripta 78, 058107+ (2008),

ISSN 0031-8949, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/78/05/058107.

59. TACCOGNA, S. LONGO, AND M. CAPITELLI, Contributions to Plasma Physics 48, 509 (2008b), ISSN 1521-3986, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.200810082.

60. MAKOCHEKANWA, M. HOSHINO, H. KATO, O. SUEOKA, M. KIMURA, AND H.

TANAKA, Physical Review A 77, 042717+ (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.042717.

61. KATO, H. KAWAHARA, M. HOSHINO, H. TANAKA, L. CAMPBELL, and M. J.

Brunger, Physical Review A 77, 062708+ (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.062708.

62. CHO, R. P. MCEACHRAN, S. J. BUCKMAN, AND H. TANAKA, Physical Review A

78, 034702+ (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.78.034702.

63. R. CELIBERTO, R. K. JANEV, J. M. WADEHRA, and A. Laricchiuta, Physical Review A 77, 012714+ (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.012714.

64. LIU, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV, Physical Review A 77, 032709+ (2008a)

http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.032709.

65. LIU, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV, Physical Review A 77, 042712+ (2008b) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.042712.

66. Y. Y. QI, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV, Physical Review A 78, 062511+ (2008)






http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2965019�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3026445�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/78/05/058107�









Appendix E.47

67. S. L. ZENG, L. LIU, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 41, 135202+ (2008), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/13/135202.

68. LARSSON, B. J. MCCALL, AND A. E. OREL, Chemical Physics Letters 462, 145

(2008), ISSN 00092614, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.069.

69. V. ZHAUNERCHYK, E. VIGREN, W. D. GEPPERT, M. HAMBERG, M. DANIELSSON, M. KAMIŃSKA, M. LARSSON, R. D. THOMAS, E. BAHATI, AND C. R. VANE, Physical Review A 78, 024701+ (2008a), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.78.024701.

70. DANIELSSON, M. HAMBERG, V. ZHAUNERCHYK, A. EHLERDING, M.

KAMIŃSKA, F. HELLBERG, R. D. THOMAS, F. OSTERDAHL, M. AF UGGLAS, AND A. KA LLBERG, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 273, 111 (2008), ISSN 13873806, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2008.03.009.

71. V. ZHAUNERCHYK, R. D. THOMAS, W. D. GEPPERT, M. HAMBERG, M.

KAMINSKA, E. VIGREN, AND M. LARSSON, Physical Review A 77, 034701+ (2008b), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.77.034701.

72. E. MANN, Z. XIE, J. D. SAVEE, B. J. BRAAMS, J. M. BOWMAN, AND R. E.

CONTINETTI, Journal of the American Chemical Society 130, 3730 (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0782504.

73. H. ACIOLI, Z. XIE, B. J. BRAAMS, AND J. M. BOWMAN, The Journal of Chemical

Physics 128, 104318+ (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2838847.

74. G. HALMOVÁ AND J. TENNYSON, Physical Review Letters 100, 213202+ (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.213202.

75. G. HALMOVÁ, J. D. GORFINKIEL, AND J. TENNYSON, Journal of Physics B:

Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 41, 155201+ (2008), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/15/155201.

76. J. MUNRO AND J. TENNYSON (AVS, 2008), vol. 26, pp. 865–869,

http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JVTAD6000026000004000865000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes.

77. H. VARAMBHIA, J. MUNRO, AND J. TENNYSON, International Journal of Mass

Spectrometry 271, 1 (2008), ISSN 13873806, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.12.002.

78. AMIN, J. NAZARETH, AND J. TENNYSON, Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 252,

37 (2008), ISSN 00222852, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2008.06.008.

79. NAGAO, K. N. HIDA, M. KIMURA, S. N. RAI, H. P. LIEBERMANN, R. J. BUENKER, H. SUNO, AND P. C. STANCIL, Physical Review A 78, 012708+ (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012708.

80. S. PINDZOLA AND D. R. SCHULTZ, Physical Review A 77, 014701+ (2008),


81. T. MINAMI, T. G. LEE, M. S. PINDZOLA, AND D. R. SCHULTZ, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 41, 135201+ (2008), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/13/135201.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/13/135202�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.069�




http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0782504�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2838847�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.213202�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/15/155201�

http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JVTAD6000026000004000865000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes�

http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JVTAD6000026000004000865000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2008.06.008�



http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/13/135201�

Appendix E.48

82. L. LIU, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV, Physical Review A 79, 052702+ (2009a) http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.79.052702.

83. R. GUTSER, D. WUNDERLICH, U. FANTZ, P. FRANZEN, B. HEINEMANN, AND

R. N. N. TEAM, AIP Conference Proceedings 1097, 297 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3112525.

84. HE, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV, Physical Review A 79, 012706+ (2009)


85. R. CELIBERTO, R. K. JANEV, J. M. WADEHRA, and A. Laricchiuta, Physical Review A 80, 012712+ (2009a), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.80.012712.

86. J. ROSATO, D. REITER, V. KOTOV, P. BORNER, H. CAPES, Y. MARANDET, R.

STAMM, S. FERRI, L. GODBERT-MOURET, AND M. KOUBITI, High Energy Density Physics 5, 93 (2009a), ISSN 15741818, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2009.03.004.

87. S. CHRIST-KOCH, U. FANTZ, M. BERGER, AND N. TEAM, Plasma Sources Science

and Technology 18, 025003+ (2009), ISSN 0963-0252, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/18/2/025003.

88. J. ROSATO, D. REITER, H. CAPES, S. FERRI, L. GODBERT-MOURET, M.

KOUBITI, Y. MARANDET, AND R. STAMM, Journal of Nuclear Materials 390-391, 1106 (2009b), ISSN 00223115, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.280.

89. R. WARMBIER, R. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SHARMA, B. J. BRAAMS, J. M. BOWMAN,

AND P. H. HAUSCHILDT, Astronomy and Astrophysics 495, 655 (2009), ISSN 0004-6361, http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200810983.

90. A. TOM, V. ZHAUNERCHYK, M. B. WICZER, A. A. MILLS, K. N. CRABTREE, M.

KAMINSKA, W. D. GEPPERT, M. HAMBERG, M. A. UGGLAS, E. VIGREN, et al., The Journal of Chemical Physics 130, 031101+ (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3065970.

91. S. KRSTIĆ AND D. R. SCHULTZ, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and

Optical Physics 42, 065207+ (2009), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/6/065207.

92. L. LIU, Y. Y. QI, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV (AIP, 2009b), vol. 1125, pp. 58–67,

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141700.

93. REITER, B. KU PPERS, AND R. K. JANEV, Physica Scripta 2009, 014014+ (2009), ISSN 0031-8949, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2009/T138/014014.

94. V. ZHAUNERCHYK, M. KAMIŃSKA, E. VIGREN, M. HAMBERG, W. D.

GEPPERT, M. LARSSON, R. D. THOMAS, AND J. SEMANIAK, Physical Review A 79, 030701+ (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.79.030701.

95. Y. Y. QI, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV, Physical Review A 80, 063404+ (2009),


96. L. FEKETEOVÁ, J. ZABKA, F. ZAPPA, V. GRILL, P. SCHEIER, T. D. MARK, AND Z. HERMAN, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 20, 927 (2009), ISSN 10440305, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2009.01.016.


http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3112525�



http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2009.03.004�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/18/2/025003�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/18/2/025003�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200810983�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3065970�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/6/065207�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/6/065207�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141700�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2009/T138/014014�



http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2009.01.016�

Appendix E.49

97. CELIBERTO, R. K. JANEV, AND D. REITER, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 51, 085012+ (2009b), ISSN 0741-3335, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/51/8/085012.

98. J. B. ROOS, M. LARSSON, AA, AND A. E. OREL, Physical Review A 80, 012501+

(2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.80.012501.

99. WUNDERLICH, S. DIETRICH, AND U. FANTZ, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 110, 62 (2009), ISSN 00224073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.09.015.

100. P. BALLANCE AND B. M. MCLAUGHLIN, Journal of Physics: Conference Series

194, 022088+ (2009), ISSN 1742-6596, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/194/2/022088.

101. L. LIU, J. G. WANG, AND R. K. JANEV, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and

Optical Physics 42, 105206+ (2009c), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/10/105206.

102. V. KHOMA, YU, AND R. K. JANEV, Physical Review A 80, 032706+ (2009)


103. M. HOSHINO, H. KATO, H. TANAKA, I. BRAY, D. V. FURSA, S. J. BUCKMAN, O. INGÓLFSSON, AND M. J. BRUNGER, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 42, 145202+ (2009), ISSN 0953-4075, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/14/145202.

104. R. SHARMA, B. J. BRAAMS, S. CARTER, B. C. SHEPLER, AND J. M. BOWMAN,

The Journal of Chemical Physics 130, 174301+ (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3120607.

105. PYSANENKO, J. Z ABKA, AND Z. HERMAN, Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical

Communications 73, 755 (2008), ISSN 0010-0765, http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080755.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/51/8/085012�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/51/8/085012�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.09.015�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/194/2/022088�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/194/2/022088�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/10/105206�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/10/105206�


http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/14/145202�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/14/145202�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3120607�

http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080755�

Appendix E.50

CRP No. 1371 (G42002)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Unification of Nuclear Spectrometry Applications: Integrated Techniques as a New Tool for Material Research

Section/Division: NAAL Period Covered: 2006-09-15 through 2009-09-11 Total Cost: € 125,879.55 Objectives of CRP:


The overall objective of the CRP was to help Member States to improve characterization of materials by enhanced utilization of nuclear spectrometry instruments and techniques as well as by developing integrated/unified instruments and analytical methodologies. (b) Specific (CRP):

The specific research objectives included the following: • Development (or upgrading) of integrated multifunctional instruments

based on nuclear spectrometry and related techniques. Combination of the various techniques is made to improve characterization of materials, including composition, structure, thickness and impurities.

• Development of software for handling and operation of integrated multifunctional instruments including data acquisition.

• Development (or upgrading) of integrated analytical approaches/methodologies and software for processing and presentation of data collected by multifunctional instruments.

• Development of new applications of integrated/unified instruments to assist end-users of nuclear spectrometry in various fields.

• Development of synergistic and complementary use of nuclear spectrometry.

Outputs:

(a) Research:

The outputs of the CRP included the following: • Integrated and multifunctional instruments with technical documentation. • Software packages for handling and operation of multifunctional

instruments. • Integrated software packages for data processing and presentation. • Improved analytical methodologies based on combined use of various

nuclear spectrometry techniques. • New applications of nuclear spectrometry for better characterisation of

materials.

Appendix E.51

• Research papers, reports, conference contributions and IAEA TECDOC (in preparation; to be published in 2010).

(b) Others:

End-users and beneficiaries of the developments under the CRP are researchers and professionals involved in characterization of materials in the following fields: industry, environmental pollution monitoring, agriculture, human health, study of cultural heritage artefacts, biology, biomedicine etc. The outputs of the CRP supported also the R&D activities in the above mentioned fields. More specific outputs include the following examples:

• Improved scientific background for professionals in various applied fields. • Improved laboratory infrastructure with additional instrumentation. • Increased ability for automatic batch processing of hundreds of samples,

improving sample throughput. • XRS identified as the technique of choice in cultural heritage characterization. • Demonstrated necessity to combine macro- and milli- beam techniques for screening

prior to localize micro-scale investigations. • Advanced research into plant physiology by introducing quantitative analysis

approaches. • Identified gaps in fundamental knowledge which need to be re-assessed. • Identified need for reference materials on the micro-scale and enhanced collaboration

among CRP members towards development of the RMs. Effectiveness of CRP:


Overall, the CRP was successful in achieving most of its goals. This was due mainly to the participation of key researchers and laboratories currently involved in integration of nuclear spectrometry techniques receiving an extensive financial support from various sources. The CRP has assisted Member States to improve characterization of materials by the utilization of nuclear spectrometry instruments and techniques. This has been achieved through the development of integrated/unified instruments and analytical methods which have been implemented by laboratory-scale and synchrotron facilities, thereby increasing the application of nuclear spectrometry across a wide range of disciplines, including environmental issues, industry, cultural heritage, human health, geology, biology, agriculture and food quality. Specifically, the CRP has developed/constructed/evaluated integrated multifunctional instruments based on nuclear spectrometry techniques, as well as new software for handling and operation of instruments including data acquisition, processing and presentation. This has greatly assisted new end-users across a broad range of disciplines to take advantage of these techniques.


The outputs of this CRP will enable small scale laboratories and state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation facilities to better meet demand for analytical techniques based on nuclear spectrometry, to become more competitive, and to apply the integrated techniques for comprehensive characterization of materials. All these will help to enhance capabilities of the laboratories in Member States and to increase the effective utilization of integrated instruments and analytical methodologies based on nuclear spectrometry in support of environmental pollution monitoring, industry, biology, study of cultural heritage artefacts, human health, agriculture and food quality.


To some extent the following factors affected the implementation of the CRP: • Lack of reference materials for 2D and 3D micro-analytical techniques. • Lack of accurate fundamental parameters related to the specific area of generation and

interactions of X-rays with matter.

Appendix E.52

• A requirement for broad ranging expertise to effectively operate and maintain multiple technique systems.

Some participants did not achieve all their objectives due to either over-ambitious goals or changes in key staff associated to the CRP.

Impact of the CRP: The CRP had the following specific impacts:

• Dissemination of applied research into the public domain. • Increased collaboration and international networking. • Enhanced cooperation between natural and social scientists through collaborative

research and joint meetings. • Enhanced and stimulated training for early-career scientists. • Stimulated interest in new topics for Member States (cultural heritage, environmental

applications, confocal spectrometry for micro-XRF and micro-PIXE analysis) • Integrated techniques helped in fundamental understanding of the properties of diluted

magnetic semiconductors. • Developed user friendly GUI for Ion Beam analysis utilized by non-specialist external

users (biologists, archaeologists, geologists, material and environmental scientists) from 37 universities across Australia.

• Enhanced use of the integration of nuclear and non-nuclear techniques • Resulted in better understanding of the applicability range of integrated techniques

(micro-XRF and micro-Raman, micro-XRF and micro-XRD). • Demonstrated the necessity to combine macro- and milli- beam techniques for

screening prior to localize micro-scale investigations. • Integrated SR-TXRF and XANES as very successful method for the speciation at

trace levels, applied to aerosol and silicon wafer analyses. • Combined SR-TXRF-XANES is now available for potential users at HASYLAB,

Germany.

Relevance of the CRP: The CRP responded to the growing needs and interest of target groups in Member States laboratories to apply (in a cost effective way) nuclear spectrometry - based analytical techniques for comprehensive characterization of materials, and to provide high quality analytical services in support of nuclear sciences and applications in various fields including environmental pollution monitoring, industry, biology, study of cultural heritage artefacts, human health, agriculture and food quality. The relevance of the CRP to the needs of Member States laboratories was confirmed by participation of many key laboratories and substantial research outputs (see list of publications).


The CRP identified a few areas in which further research is still needed, and the IAEA was requested to coordinate and support such research under new CRPs. Other recommendations include: • The outputs of this CRP should be made widely available to the analytical laboratories and

potential users. • Taking into account the advantages and uniqueness of XRS techniques, the IAEA should

support efforts of Member States to establish, implement and effectively use the newly developed techniques, instruments and methodologies through TC mechanisms.

• The IAEA should consider support the XRS community in the efforts to determine the best set of fundamental parameters/atomic data.

Appendix E.53

Resulting Publications: ARGENTINA

1. C. Vázquez, G. Custo, A. Albornoz, A. Hajduk, A. M. Maury and O. Palacios, Pigment characterization by scanning electron microscopy and X ray diffraction techniques: archaeological site El Trebol, Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, Argentina, Report IAEA/AL/2007, 181, 29-34.

2. EPXMA, micro-Raman spectrometry Composition of pigments found in excavations and on human bones (in Argentina) with micro-Raman spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy L. Darchuk, E.A. Stefaniak, C. Vazquez, O.M. Palacios, A. Worobiec and R. Van Grieken e-Preservation Science, published on-line

AUSTRALIA

1. Rainer Siegele, Mihail Ionescu, David Cohen, doiba Manual, ANSTO External ReportNo ANSTO/E765, pp1-115, April 2008.

2. David D Cohen, Eduard Stelcer, Rainer Siegele and Mihail Ionescu, Silicon detector dead layer thickness estimates using proton bremsstrahlung from low energy atomic number targets. X-ray Spectrometry, 37 (2008) 125-128. [3] David D. Cohen, Eduard Stelcer, Rainer Siegele, Mihail Ionescu, Michael Prior, Experimental bremsstrahlung yields for MeV proton bombardment of beryllium and carbon, Nuclear Instr. and Methods, B266 (2008)1149-1153.

AUSTRIA Reviewed publications:

1. F. Meirer,a_ C. Streli,a G. Pepponi,b P. Wobrauschek,a M. A. Zaitz,c C. Horntricha and G. Falkenbergd, Feasibility study of SR-TXRF-XANES analysis for iron contaminations on a silicon wafer surface, Surf. Interface Anal. 2008, 40, 1571 – 1576

2. U.E.A. Fittschena,_, F. Meirerb, C. Strelib, P. Wobrauschekb, J. Thielea, G. Falkenbergc, G. Pepponi, Characterization of atmospheric aerosols using Synchroton radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence and FeK-edge total reflection X-rayfluorescence -X-ray absorption near-edgestructure, Spectrochimica ActaPartB 63(2008)1489–1495

3. F. Meirer, G. Pepponi, C. Streli, P. Wobrauschek, P. Kregsamer, N. Zöger, G. Falkenberg, Parameter study of self-absorption effects in Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence-X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure analysis of arsenic", Spectrochimica Acta Part B, 63 (2008), S. 1496 - 1502.

4. F. Meirer, G. Pepponi, C. Streli, P. Wobrauschek, N. Zöger, Grazing exit versus grazing incidence geometry for x-ray absorption near edge structure analysis of arsenic traces, Journal of Applied Physics, 105 (2009), 074906; S. 074906-1 - 074906-7.

Reports: 1. http://hasylab.desy.de/science/annual_reports/photon_science_at_desy/index_eng.html F.

Meirer, G. Pepponi, C. Streli, P. Wobrauschek, C. Horntrich, M.A. Zaitz, G. Falkenberg, Characterization of iron-contaminations on silicon wafer surface, Bericht für Hasylab Annual Report; 2008; 2 S.

2. F. Meirer, G. Pepponi, C. Streli, P. Wobrauschek, P. Kregsamer, N. Zöger, G. Falkenberg, Parameter study of self-absorption effects in TXRF-Xanes analysis of arsenic, Bericht für Hasylab Annual Report; 2008; 2 S.

3. F. Meirer, G. Pepponi, C. Streli, P. Wobrauschek, N. Zöger, K. Rieckers, A new Grazing-Exit-XRF setup at HASYLAB beamline L, Bericht für Hasylab Annual Report; 2008; 2 S.

4. N. Zöger, J. Hofstätter, F. Meirer, C. Streli, P. Wobrauschek, S. Smolek, A. Maderitsch, Paul Roschger, G. Falkenberg, Elemental Imaging in Osteoarthritis, Bericht für HASYLAB Annual Report; 2007; 2 S.

5. N. Zöger, G. Pepponi, P. Wobrauschek, C. Streli, Paul Roschger, G. Falkenberg, Micro XANES in Pb-rich Zones of Human Bone, Bericht für HASYLAB Annual Report 2005; 2006.

http://hasylab.desy.de/science/annual_reports/photon_science_at_desy/index_eng.html�

Appendix E.54

BELGIUM Publications in international journals with peer review (2007-2009)

1. O.C. Lind, B. Salbu, K. Janssens, K. Proost, M. García-León, R. García-Tenorio, Characterization of U/Pu particles originating from the nuclear weapon accidents at Palomares, Spain, 1966 and Thule, Greenland, 1968 Sci. Tot. Environ., 376 (2007) 294-305

2. Melissa A. Denecke, Andrea Somogyi, Koen Janssens, Rolf Simon, Kathy Dardenne, Ulrich Noseck, Microanalysis (micro-XRF, micro-XANES and micro-XRD) of a tertiary sediment using micro-focused synchrotron radiator, Microscopy and Microanalysis 13 (2007) 165-172

3. Brenker, F.E., C. Vollmer, L. Vincze, B. Vekemans, A. Szymanski, K. Janssens, I. Szaloki, L. Nasdala, W. Joswig, F. Kaminsky, Carbonates from the lower part of transition zone or even the lower mantle, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 260 (2007) 1-9

4. R. Terzano, M. Spagnuolo, B. Vekemans, W. De Nolf, K. Janssens, G. Falkenberg, S. Fiore and P. Ruggiero, Assessing the Origin and Fate of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and V in Industrial Polluted Soil by Combined Microspectroscopic Techniques and Bulk Extraction Methods, Environmental Science & Technology (2007)

5. S. Bugani, M. Camaiti, L. Morselli, E. Van de Casteele and K. Janssens, Investigation on porosity changes of Lecce stone due to conservation treatments by means of x-ray nano- and improved micro-computed tomography: preliminary results, X-ray Spectrometry, 36 (2007) 316-320

6. M.A. Denecke, W. De Nolf, K. Janssens, B. Brendebach, A. Rothkirch, G. Falkenberg, U. Noseck, μ-X-ray fluorescence and μ-X-ray diffraction investigations of sediment from the Ruprechtov nuclear waste disposal natural analog site, Spectrochimica Acta B, 63 (2008) 484-492

7. R. Terzano, Z.Al Chami, B. Vekemans, K. Janssens, T. Miano, P. Ruggiero, Zinc Distribution and Speciation within Rocket Plants (Eruca vesicaria L. Cavalieri) Grown on a Polluted Soil Amended with Compost as Determined by XRF Microtomography and Micro XANES, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56 (2008) 3222-3231

8. G. Van der Snickt, W. De Nolf, B. Vekemans, K. Janssens, μ-XRF/μ-RS vs. SR μ-XRD for pigment identification in illuminated manuscript ,Applied Physics A, 92 (2008) 59-68

9. J. Dik, K. Janssens, G. Van Der Snickt, L. van der Loeff, K. Rickers, M. Cotte, Visualization of a Lost Painting by Vincent van Gogh Using Synchrotron Radiation Based X-ray Fluorescence Elemental Mapping, Analytical Chemistry, 80 (2008) 6436-6442

10. J. Jaroszewicz , W. de Nolf, K. Janssens, A. Michalski, G. Falkenberg, Advantages of combined μ-XRF and μ-XRD for phase characterization of Ti-B-C ceramics compared with conventional X-ray diffraction, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 391 (2008) 1129-1133

11. Wagner, A. Nowak, E. Bulska, J. Kunicki-Goldfinger, O. Schalm, K. Janssens, Complementary analysis of historical glass by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and laser ablation inductiveley coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Microchimica acta, 162 (2008) 415-424

12. Aibéo, S. Goffin, O. Schalm, G. van der Snickt, N. Laquière, P. Eyskens, K.Janssens, Micro-Raman analysis for the identification of pigments from 19th and 20th century paintings, Journal of Raman spectroscopy, 39 (2008) 1091-1098

13. G. van der Snickt, J. Dik, M. Cotte, K. Janssens, J. Jaroszewicz, W. de Nolf, J. Groenewegen, L. van der Loeff, Characterization of a degraded cadmium yellow (CdS) pigment in an oil painting by means of synchrotron radiation based X-ray techniques, Analytical chemistry, 81 (2009) 2600-2610

14. O.C. Lind,B. Salbu,L. Skipperud, K. Janssens, J. Jaroszewicz,W. de Nolf, Solid state speciation and potential bioavailability of depleted uranium particles from Kosovo and Kuwait, Journal of environmental radioactivity, 100 (2009) 301-307

BELGIUM Rene Van Grieken EDXRF, EPXMA, gases Study of the winter and summer changes of the air composition in the church of Szalowa, Poland, related to conservation, A. Worobiec, L. Samek, Z. Spolnik, V. Kontozova, E. Stefaniak and R. Van Grieken, Microchimica Acta, 156 (2007) 253-261

Appendix E.55

EDXRF, EPXMA Influence of different types of heating systems on particulate air pollutant deposition: The case of churches situated in a cold climate, Z. Spolnik, A. Worobiec, L. Samek, L. Bencs, K. Belikov and R. Van Grieken, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 8 (2007) 7-12 EDXRF, EPXMA, XANES, TXRF Comparison of sediment pollution in the rivers of the Hungarian Upper Tisza Region using non-destructive analytical techniques, J. Osan, S. Török, B. Alföldy, A. Alsecz, G. Falkenberg, S. Yeun Baik and R. Van Grieken, Spectrochimica Acta, B62 (2007) 123-136 EDXRF, ion chromatography, gases, soot, aerosol mass Comparative overview of indoor air quality in Antwerp, Belgium, M. Stranger, S.S. Potgieter-Vermaak and R. Van Grieken, Environment International, 33 (2007) 789-797 EDXRF, EPXMA, micro-Raman spectrometry Characterisation of concentrates of heavy mineral sands by micro-Raman spectroscopy and CC SEM/EDX with HCA, A. Worobiec, E.A. Stefaniak, S. Potgieter-Vermaak, Z. Sawlowicz, Z. Spolnik and R. Van Grieken, Applied Geochemistry, 22 (2007) 2078-2085 EDXRF, EPXMA, micro-Raman spectrometry Comprehensive microanalytical study of welding aerosols with X-ray and Raman based methods, A. Worobiec, E.A. Stefaniak, S. Kiro, M. Oprya, A. Bekshaev, Z. Spolnik, S.S. Potgieter-Vermaak, A. Ennan and R. Van Grieken, X-Ray Spectrometry, 36 (2007) 328-335 EDXRF, aerosol mass Impact of electric overhead radiant heating on the indoor environment of historic churches. L. Samek, A. De Maeyer-Worobiec, Z. Spolnik, L. Bencs, V. Kontozova, Ł. Bratasz, R. Kozłowski and R. Van Grieken, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 8 (2007) 361-369 EDXRF, EPXMA Characterisation of Amazon Basin aerosols at the individual aerosol particle level by X-ray microanalytical techniques, A. Worobiec, I. Szaloki, J. Osan, W. Maenhaut, E.A. Stefaniak and R. Van Grieken, Atmospheric Environment, 41 (2007) 9217-9230 EDXRF, EPXMA Particulate matter analysis at elementary schools in Curitiba, Brazil. D. Avigo Jr, A.F.L. Godoi, P.R. Janissek, Y. Makarovska, A. Krata, S. Potgieter-Vermaak, B. Alfoldy, R. Van Grieken and R.H.M. Godoi, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 391 (2008) 1459-1468 EDXRF, EPXMA Application of EPMA and XRF for the investigation of particulate pollutants in the field of cultural heritage, V. Kontozova-Deutsch, F. Deutsch, R.H.M. Godoi, Z. Spolnik, W. Wei and R. Van Grieken, Microchimica Acta, 161 (2008) 465-469 EDXRF, EPXMA, ion chromatography, aerosol mass Airborne particulate matter and BTEX in office environments, B. Horemans, A. Worobiec, A. Buczynska, K. Van Meel and R. Van Grieken, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 10 (2008) 867-876 EDXRF, EPXMA, micro-Raman spectrometry Assessment of aerosol particles within the Rubens’ House Museum in Antwerp, Belgium, R.H.M. Godoi, S. Potgieter-Vermaak, A.F.L. Godoi, M. Stranger and R. Van Grieken, X-Ray Spectrometry, 37 (2008) 298-303 EDXRF, EPXMA, gases, aerosol mass Investigation of gaseous and particulate air pollutants at the Basilica Saint-Urbain in Troyes, related to the preservation of the medieval stainded glas windows, V. Kontozova-Deutsch, R.H.M. Godoi, Z. Spolnik, A. Worobiec, A. Krata, F. Deutsch and R. Van Grieken, Microchimica Acta, 162 (2008) 425-432 EDXRF, EPXMA Inhalable particulate matter from lime industries: chemical composition and deposition in human respiratory tract, R.H.M. Godoi, D.M. Braga, Y. Makarovska, B. Alfoldy, R. Van Grieken and A.F.L. Godoi, Atmospheric Environment, 42 (2008) 7027-7033 EDXRF, EPXMA, aerosol mass A seasonal study of atmospheric conditions influenced by the intensive tourist flow in the Royal Museum of Wawel Castle in Cracow, Poland, A. Worobiec, L. Samek, P. Karaszkiewicz, V. Kontozova-Deutsch, E.A. Stefaniak, K. Van Meel, A. Krata, L .Bencs and R. Van Grieken, Microchemical Journal, 90 (2008) 99-106

Appendix E.56

EPXMA, micro-Raman spectrometry Recognition of uranium oxides in soil particulate matter by means of μ-Raman spectrometry, E.A. Stefaniak, A. Alsecz, I.E. Sajo, A. Worobiec, Z. Mathé, Sz. Török and R. Van Grieken, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 381 (2008) 278-283 EDXRF, EPXMA, gases, aerosol mass Characterisation of indoor air quality in primary schools in Antwerp, Belgium, M. Stranger, S.S. Potgieter-Vermaak and R. Van Grieken, Indoor Air, 18 (2008) 454-463 EDXRF, gases Historical changes in air pollution in the tri-border region of Poland, Czech Republic and Germany, A. Worobiec, A. Zwozdziak, I. Sowka, J Zwozdziak, E.A. Stefaniak, A. Buczynska, A. Krata, K. Van Meel, R. Van Grieken, M. Gorka and M.-O. Jedrysek, Environment Protection Engineering, 34 (2008) 81-90 EPXMA, XRD EPXMA survey of shelf sediments (Southern Bight, North Sea): A glance beyond the XRDinvisible, A. De Maeyer-Worobiec, V.M. Dekov, R.W.P.M. Laane and R. Van Grieken, Microchemical Journal, 91 (2009) 21-31 EDXRF, soot, aerosol mass Associations between PM2.5 and heart rate variability are modified by particle composition and beta-blocker use in patients with coronary heart disease, J.J. De Hartog, T. Lanki, K.L. Timonen, G. Hoek, N.A.H. Janssen, A. Ibald-Mulli, A. Peters, J. Heinrich, T.H. Tarkiainen, .R Van Grieken, J.H. Van Wijnen, B. Brunekreef and J. Pekkanen, Environmental Health Perspectives, 117 (2009) 105-111 EDXRF, μ-PIXE, micro-Raman spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared Morphology and the chemical make-up of the inorganic components of black corals, D. Nowak, M. Florek, J. Nowak, W. Kwiatek, J. Lekki, P. Chevallier, A. Hacura, R. Wrzalik, B. Ben-Nissan, R. Van Grieken and A. Kuczumow, Materials Science and Engineering C, 29 (2009) 1029-1038 EDXRF, gases, aerosol mass Particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in residences in Antwerp, Belgium, M. Stranger, S.S. Potgieter-Vermaak and R. Van Grieken, Science of the Total Environment, published on-line EPXMA, micro-Raman spectrometry Combined SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis of uranium minerals from a former uranium mine, E.A. Stefaniak, A. Alsecz, R. Frost, Z. Máthé, I.E. Sajó, Sz. Török, A. Worobiec and R. Van Grieken, Journal of Hazardous Materials, published on-line EPXMA, micro-Raman spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry Determination of fluorine in uranium oxyfluoride particles as an indicator of particle age, R. Kips, A.J. Pidduck, M.R. Houlton, A. Leenaers, J.C. Mace, O. Marie, F. Pointurier, E.A. Stefaniak, P.D.P. Taylor, S. Van den Berghe, P. Van Espen, R. Van Grieken and R. Wellum, Spectrochimica Acta B, published on-line EPXMA, micro-Raman spectrometry Composition of pigments found in excavations and on human bones (in Argentina) with micro-Raman spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy, L. Darchuk, E.A. Stefaniak, C. Vazquez, O.M. Palacios, A. Worobiec and R. Van Grieken, e-Preservation Science, published on-line EDXRF, ion chromatography, aerosol mass Chemical characterization and multivariate analysis of atmospheric PM2.5 particles, K. Ravindra, M. Stranger and R. Van Grieken, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, published on-line EDXRF, EPXMA, XRF, gamma-spectrometry Characterization of “gas concrete” materials used in buildings of Turkey, N. Damla, U. Cevik, A.I. Kobya, A. Celik, R. Van Grieken, Y. Kobya, Journal of Hazardous Materials, published on-line OTHER WAYS OF DISSEMINATION OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THIS CRP Since fine atmospheric particulate matter is now a real matter of public concern, if not a hype, in Belgium, we had numerous possibilities to present the applied results of this CRP in the Belgian press, namely in various radio interviews and newspaper articles, and, e.g. on April 15, 2009, we had a 7-min directly broadcasted interview in prime time on the first national Flemish television channel about this topic.

Appendix E.57

CROATIA M. Jakšić, I. Bogdanović Radović, M. Bogovac, V. Desnica, S. Fazinić, M. Karlušić, Z. Medunić, H. Muto, Ž. Pastuović, Z. Siketić, N. Skukan, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 260 (2007) 114-119 GERMANY Refereed Journals

1. Schaumann,W. Malzer, I. Mantouvalou, L. Lühl, B. Kanngießer, R. Dargel, U. Giese, C. Vogt, „Preparation and characterization of polymer layer systems for validation of 3D Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy”, Spectrochimica Acta Part B 64, 334–340(2009)

2. D. Sokaras, A.-G. Karydas, W. Malzer, R. Schütz, B. Kanngießer, N. Grlj, P. Pelicon, M. Zitnik, „Quantitative analysis in confocal micro-PIXE—general concept and layered Materials”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., Vol. 24, pp 611–621 (2009)

3. T. Wolff, I. Mantouvalou, W. Malzer, J. Nissen, D. Berger, I. Zizak, D. Sokaras, A. Karydas, N. Grlj, P. Pelicon, R. Schütz, M. Žitnik, and B. Kanngießer, “ Performance of a polycapillary halflens as focussing and collecting optic – a comparison”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., Vol. 24, pp 669–675 (2009)

4. F. Reinhardt, B. Beckhoff, H. Eba, B. Kanngiesser, M. Kolbe, M. Mizusawa, M. Müller, B. Pollakowski, K. Sakurai, G. Ulm, “Evaluation of high-resolution X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy for the chemical speciation of binary titanium compounds”, Analytical Chemistry, DOI: 10.1021/ac8018069 (2009)

5. Reiche, I., S. Röhrs, J. Salomon, B. Kanngießer, Y. Höhn, W. Malzer, F. Voigt, “Development of a nondestructive method for underglaze painted tiles—demonstrated by the analysis of Persian objects from the nineteenth century”, Anal Bioanal Chem DOI 10.1007/s00216-008-2497-7 (2008).

6. M. Zitnik, P. Pelicon, N. Grlj, A.-G. Karydas, D. Sokaras, R. Schütz, B. Kanngießer, “3D imaging of aerosol particles with scanning proton microprobe in a confocal arrangement”, Applied Physics Letters 93, 094104 (2008).

7. B. Kanngießer, I. Mantouvalou, W. Malzer, T. Wolff, O. Hahn, “In-Situ Analysis of Corrosion Layers of Historical Glass Objects by 3D Micro X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., Vol. 23, 6, pp814-819 (2008).

8. Bjeoumikhov, A., M. Erko, S. Bjeoumikhova, A. Erko, I. Snigireva, A. Snigirev, T. Wolff, I. Mantouvalou, W. Malzer, B. Kanngießer, Capillary μFocus X-ray lenses with Parabolic and Elliptic Profile”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A , Vol 587/2-3, 458-463 (2008)

9. Mantouvalou, A., W. Malzer, I. Schaumann, L. Lühl, R. Dargel, C. Vogt, and B. Kanngießer, “Reconstruction of Thickness and Composition of Stratified Materials by means of 3D Micro X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy”, Anal. Chem. 80, 819-826, doi: 10.1021/ac701774d (2008)

10. Kanngießer, B., A.-G. Karydas, R. Schütz, D. Sokaras, I. Reiche, St. Röhrs, L. Pichon, J. Salomon, “3D Micro-PIXE at Atmospheric Pressure: A New Tool for the Investigation of Art and Archaeological Objects”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B, Vol 264/2 pp 383-388, doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.09.019, (2007)

11. Kanngießer, B., W. Malzer, M. Pagels, L. Lühl, and G. Weseloh “3D Micro-XRF under cryogenic conditions - a pilot experiment for spatially resolved trace analysis in biological specimens” Anal Bioanal Chem 389, 4, 1171-1176 (2007)

12. Karydas, A.-G., D. Sokaras, Ch. Zarkadas, N. Grlj, P. Pelicon, M. Žitnik, R. Schütz, W. Malzer and B. Kanngießer, “3D Micro PIXE – a new technique for depth resolved elemental analysis”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 22, 1260–1265 (2007)

13. O. Hahn, I. Rabin, T. Wolff, B. Kanngießer, W. Malzer, I. Mantouvalou, “Non-destructive investigation of the scroll material: “A composition concerning Divine providence” 4Q413. “, Dead Sea Discoveries 14, 3 (2007)

14. M. Müller, B. Beckhoff, G. Ulm, and B. Kanngießer, “Absolute determination of cross sections for resonant Raman scattering on silicon“, Phys. Rev. A 74, 012702 (2006).

15. S. Pagès-Camagna, I. Reiche, Ch. Brouder, D. Cabaret, S. Rossano, B. Kanngießer, A. Erko, “New insights into the colour origin of archaeological Egyptian Blue and Green by XAFS at the Cu K-edge“, X-ray Spectrom. 35, 141-145 (2006).

16. B. Kanngießer, W. Malzer, A. Fuentes Rodriguez, I. Reiche, “3D micro-XRF Investigations of Paint Layers with a tabletop set-up”, Spectrochimica Acta B, B 60, 41-47, (2005).

Appendix E.58

17. Wolfgang Malzer and Birgit Kanngießer, “A model for the confocal volume of 3D micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometer“, Spectrochimica Acta B 60 /9-10, 1334-1341 (2005).

18. O. Hahn, B. Kanngießer, and W. Malzer, “Non-destructive investigation of writing materials in historical manuscripts- X-ray fluorescence analysis of iron gall inks, pencils, and coloured pencils“, Studies in Conservation 50, 23-32 (2005).

Book Publications:

1. B. Beckhoff, B. Kanngießer, N. Langhoff, R.Wedell, H. Wolff (eds.), “Handbook of Practical X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis”, Springer-Verlag ISBN 3-540-28603-9, (2006)

2. B. Kanngießer und M. Haschke, chapter “Micro X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy” in “Handbook of Practical X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis”, Springer-Verlag ISBN 3-540-28603-9, (2006)

GREECE Refereed journals:

1. D. Sokaras and A.G. Karydas, “Secondary fluorescence enhancement in Confocal X-ray Microscopy Analysis”, Anal. Chem., 2009, accepted.

2. D. Sokaras, A.G. Karydas, W. Malzer, R. Schütz, B. Kanngieb er, N. Grlj, P. Pelicon and M. Zitnik, “Quantitative Analysis in Confocal micro-PIXE - General concept and layered materials“, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/B817100A.

3. T. Wolff, I. Mantouvalou, W. Malzer, J. Nissen, D. Berger, I. Zizak, D. Sokaras, A.G. Karydas, N. Grlj, P. Pelicon, R. Schütz, M. Žitnik, B. Kanngießer, «Performance of a polycapillary halflens as focusing and collecting optic—a comparison”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/B817828C

4. Z itnik, M., Pelicon, P., Grlj, N., Karydas, A.G., Sokaras, D., Schu tz, R., Kanngießer, B., “Three-dimensional imaging of aerosol particles with scanning proton microprobe in a confocal arrangement“, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, 93, art. no. 094104

5. B. Beckhoff , M. Kolbe, O. Hahn, A. G. Karydas, C. Zarkadas, D. Sokaras, M. Mantler. “Reference-free X-ray fluorescence analysis of an ancient Chinese ceramic”, X-ray Spectrom., 2008, 37, 462-465.

6. [6] N. Zacharias, K. Beltsios, A. Oikonomou, A.G. Karydas, Y. Bassiakos, C.T. Michael and Ch. Zarkadas, Solid-state luminescence for the optical examination of archaeological glass beads”, Optical Materials 30 (7), pp. 1127-1133, 2008

7. N. Zacharias, K. Beltsios, Ar. Oikonomou, A.G. Karydas, V. Aravantinos and Y. Bassiakos, “Thermally and optically stimulated luminescence of an archaeological glass collection from Thebes, Greece” Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 354 (2-9), pp. 761-767, 2008

8. A.G. Karydas, “Application of a portable XRF spectrometer in the analysis of museum metal collections”, Annali di Chimica 97 (7), pp. 419-432, 2007

9. Birgit Kanngießer, Andreas-Germanos Karydas, Roman Schütz, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Ina Reiche, Stefan Röhrs, Laurent Pichon, Joseph Salomon, “3D Micro-PIXE at Atmospheric Pressure: A New Tool for the Investigation of Art and Archaeological Objects”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. In Phys. Res. B, 2007, 264, 383-388.

10. Andreas-Germanos Karydas, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Charalambos Zarkadas, Natasa Grlj, Primoz Pelicon, Matjaz Žitnik, Roman Schütz, Wolfgang Malzer and Birgit Kanngießer, “3D Micro PIXE – a new technique for depth resolved elemental analysis”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2007, 22, 1260-1265.

Books, conference proceedings: 1. Π. Ταρατόρη, Α. Γ. Καρύδας, Δ. Μοσχονά-Κατσαρού, “Μη καταστρεπτική XRF ανάλυση της

Μυκηναικής πανοπλίας των Δενδρών”, Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Hellenic Society for Archaeometry, 8 - 10 October 2008, Athens, to be appear, 2009

2. Andreas-Germanos Karydas, Charalambos Zarkadas, “A portable X-ray Fluorescence spectrometer in support of the archaeological research and conservation science for the area of Thessaly”, Proceedings of the workshop Archaeological research at Thessaly and Mainland, Volos, 16.3 – 19.3.2006, Vol. I: Thessaly, p713-722, 2009

3. Elsa Nikolaou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Eleni Asderaki-Tzoumerioti, Andreas Karydas and Konstantina Tsatsouli, “Funerary bronze urn from ancient Demetrias, Proceedings of the

Appendix E.59

workshop Archaeological research at Thessaly and Mainland, Volos, 16.3 –19.3.2006, Vol. I: Thessaly p699-712, 2009

4. Abdullah Zararsiz, Latif Özen, Yakup Kalayci, Oguz Bostancı, İlknur E, lyıldırım, Ayşe Toker and, A.G. Karydas, Characterization of Neolithic wall-painting pigments (ÇATALHÖYÜK 7000-8000 B.C.) by means of a hand-held XRF spectrometer, International Workshop - SMW08, IN SITU MONITORING OF MONUMENTAL SURFACES, Florence, 27-29 October 2008, Conference Proceedings Edited by: Piero Tiano, Carla Pardini, 2008

5. E. Drakaki, D. Evgenidou, V. Kantarelou, A.G. Karydas, N.Katsikosta, E. Kontou, A. A. Serafetinides, C. Vlachou-Mogire, “Laser cleaning experimental investigations on ancient coins”, 15th International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications (Proceedings Volume), Proceedings of SPIE Volume: 7027 Editor(s): Tanja Dreischuh; Elena Taskova; Ekaterina Borisova; Alexander Serafetinides, 2008

6. [6] M. Giannoulaki, V. Argyropoulos, T. Panou, G. Michalakakos, A.G. Karydas, V. Kantarelou, D. Anglos, A. Giakoumaki, V. Perdikatsis, C. Apostolaki, P. Themelis, S. Poulimenea “A systematic approach for the damage assessment of museum metals collections based on statistics and portable techniques: the case study of ancient Messene, Greece”, ARCHAIA, Case Studies on Research Planning, Characterisation, Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites Edited by Nicolò Marchetti and Ingolf Thuesen, BAR International Series 1877, p121-129, 2008

7. A.G. Karydas, D. Anglos and M.A. Harith, Mobile Spectrometers for Diagnostic Micro- Analysis of Ancient Metal Objects. In Metals and Museums in the Mediterranean: Protecting, Preserving and Interpreting, ed. V.Argyropoulos, pp. 141-177, 2008

8. A.G. Karydas, H. Brecoulaki, B. Bourgeois and Ph. Jockey, “In-situ XRF Analysis of raw pigments and traces of polychromy on Hellenistic sculpture at the Archaeological museum of Delos”The Study of Marbles and Other Stones in Antiquity, Proceedings of the 7th ASMOSIA Conference in Thassos, Greece, Y. Maniatis (ed), BCH, vol. 51, 2008

9. D. Sokaras, S. Karabagia, E. Bistekos, L. Georgiou, J. Salomon, M. Bogovac, A. Lagoyannis, S. Harissopulos, V. Kantarelou, E. Aloupi, I. Aslani, V. Paschalis and A. G. Karydas, “The new external ion-beam station at the Demokritos Tandem 5.5 MV accelerator: A unique analytical tool in the fields of cultural heritage and environmental science”, Proceedings of 17th Symposium of Hellenic Nuclear Physics Society, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Edit. by A. Pakou, T.J. Kosmas, N.G. Nicolis, 30-31 May, 2008.

10. V. Kantarelou, D. Sokaras, Ch. Zarkadas and A.G. Karydas, “Development of a portable micro-XRF spectrometer and its applications for the characterization of ancient and historical metal alloys”, Proceedings of 17th Symposium of Hellenic Nuclear Physics Society, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Edit. by A. Pakou, T.J. Kosmas, N.G. Nicolis, 30-31 May, 2008

11. V. Argyropoulos, M. Giannoulaki, D. Anglos, P. Pouli, M. Abdel Harith, A. Elhassan, A.G. Karydas, Ch. Zarkadas, V. Kantarelou, A. Arafat, N. Haddad, “Developing Innovative Portable Diagnostic Techniques and Approaches for the Analysis of Metal Artefacts from Museum Collections”, Proceedings of the 7th European Conference “SAUVEUR”, Safeguarded Cultural Heritage, Understanding &Viability for the Enlarged Europe, pp. 79-89, EC 2007

12. C. Degrigny, V. Argyropoulos, P. Pouli, M. Grech, K. Kreislova, M. Harith, F. Mirambet, A.G. Karydas, A. Arafat, Z. al Saad, E. Angelini, G. Ingo, P. Vassiliou, E. Cano, N. Hajjaji, A. Almansour and P. Letardi, “Innovative protection systems for large collection of metal artefacts conserved in the Mediterranean Basin – PROMET”, Proceedings of the 7th European Conference “SAUVEUR”, Safeguarded Cultural Heritage, Understanding &Viability for the Enlarged Europe, pp. 879-881, EC 2007

13. V. Argyropoulos, D. Charalambous, A.Vossou- Domi, M. Giannoulaki, T. Karabotsos, Kyriaki Polikreti, A. Siatou, E. Drakaki, I. Sianoudis, A. G. Karydas, Ch. Zarkadas, V. Perdikatsis, “A conservation strategy for documenting the corrosion of outdoor bronze monuments in Greece”, Proceedings of the 7th European Conference “SAUVEUR”, Safeguarded Cultural Heritage, Understanding &Viability for the Enlarged Europe, pp. 887-889, EC 2007

14. V. Kantarelou, Ch. Zarkadas, A. Giakoumaki, M. Giannoulaki, A. G. Karydas, D. Anglos, V. Argyropoulos, “A novel approach on the combined in-situ application of LIBS and μ-XRF

Appendix E.60

spectrometers for the characterization of copper alloy corrosion products”, METAL-07, Vol. 2, Innovative investigation of metal artifacts, pp. 35-41,2007

15. C. Degrigny, A-G Karydas, S. Golfomitsou, V. Kantarelou, Ch. Zarkadas and D. Vella, “Methodology for the in-situ analyses of historic steel armours with portable milli and micro-XRF spectrometers”, METAL-07, Vol. 2, Innovative investigation of metal artifacts, pp. 26-34, 2007

16. M. Giannoulaki, V. Argyropoulos, G.P. Michalakakos, Th. Panou, V. Kantarelou, C. Zarkadas, A.-G. Karydas, V. Perdikatsis, Ch. Apostolaki, “A conservation survey of museum metals collections: A case study of Ancient Messene Museum”, METAL-07, Vol. 1, When Archaeometry and conservation meet, pp. 67-72, 2007

17. V. Kantarelou, A. G. Karydas, Ch. Zarkadas, M. Giannoulaki and V. Argyropoulos, “Micro-XRF Analysis of High Tin Bronze Mirrors at the museum of Ancient Messene in Greece”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Conservation Strategies for Saving Indoor Metallic Collections (CSSIM), Cairo, 25 February to 1 March 2007, Edited by V. Argyropoulos, A. Hein and M.A. Harith, pp. 93-99, 2007

Reports: 1. Beam time report, at BESSY II (01/2009) from November the 3rd – 9th. The beamtime took

place in the 7T-WLS/1-μspot beamline for “3D-micro XRF investigations on ancient Attic black glazed ceramics”.

2. Dimosthenis Sokaras, Andreas-Germanos Karydas, Wolfgang Malzer, Roman Schütz, Birgit Kanngießer, Nataša Grlj, Primož Pelicon and Matjaz Žitnik, “3D micro-PIXE, a new development for the micro-PIXE technique. Analytical applications and perspectives”, Report of International Atomic Energy Agency Technical Meeting on Special Configurations and New Applications of Microanalytical Techniques Based on Nuclear Spectrometry, October 2008.

3. Beam time report, AGLAE (07/2007) from March the 19th – 23rd. The beamtime took place in the frame of EU-ARTECH for the project entitled “Study of the Feasibility of 3D Micro PIXE”.

ITALY

1. R. Cesareo, S. Ridolfi, M. Marabelli, A. Castellano, G. Buccolieri, M. Donativi, G.E. Gigante, A. Brunetti, M.A. Rosales : Portable systems for EDXRF-analysis of works of art; in Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry; Ed. P.J. Potts and M. West, RSC Publ. , Cambridge, UK, (2008) 206-243.

2. R. Cesareo et al.: Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of a pre-columbian funerary mask from the Museum of Sican; XRS 09-0030 accepted for publication.

3. R.Cesareo et al.: Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of pre-columbian alloys from the royal tombs of Sipan with a portable equipment; presented at SARX 2009, Cabo Frio, Brasil, Nov. 2009, and submitted to X-Ray Spectrometry.

4. R. Cesareo, M.A. Rizzutto, A. Brunetti : Metal location and thickness in a multilayer sheet by measuring K- and L-ratios; submitted to NIM B, May 2009.

5. R.Cesareo et al.: Pre-columbian alloys from the royal tombs of Sipan analyzed with a portable EDXRF equipment; presented at IRRMA 7, Prague 2008; to be published in Intern. J. of Radiation and Isotopes, 2009.

SLOVENIA

1. PONGRAC, Paula, VOGEL-MIKUŠ, Katarina, KUMP, Peter, NEČEMER, Marijan, TOLRÀ, Roser, POSCHENRIEDER, Charlotte, BARCELÓ, Juan, REGVAR, Marjana. Changes in elemental uptake and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation during the life cycle of Thlaspi praecox Wulfen. Chemosphere (Oxford). [Print ed.], 2007, vol. 69, iss. 10, str. 1602-1609.

2. ČRTALIČ, Helena, PONGRAC, Paula, VOGEL-MIKUŠ, Katarina, KUMP, Peter, NEČEMER, Marijan, REGVAR, Marjana. Dinamika privzema elementov in glivne kolonizacije pri ranem mošnjaku. Collectanea studentium physiologiae plantarum, 2007, vol. 2, št. 3, str. 11-14

3. VOGEL-MIKUŠ, Katarina, PONGRAC, Paula, KUMP, Peter, NEČEMER, Marijan, SIMČIČ, Jurij, PELICON, Primož, BUDNAR, Miloš, POVH, Bogdan, REGVAR, Marjana.

Appendix E.61

Localisation and quantification of elements within seeds of Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox by micro-PIXE. Environ. pollut. (1987). [Print ed.], 2007, vol. 147, str. 50-59.

4. VOGEL-MIKUŠ, Katarina, SIMČIČ, Jurij, PELICON, Primož, BUDNAR, Miloš, KUMP, Peter, NEČEMER, Marijan, MESJASZ-PRZYBYŁOWICZ, Jolanta, PRZYBYŁOWICZ, Wojciech J., REGVAR, Marjana. Comparison of essential and nonessential element distribution in leaves of the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox as revealed by micro-PIXE. Plant cell environ.. [Print ed.], 2008, vol. 31, no. 10, str. 1484-1496.

5. NEČEMER, Marijan, KUMP, Peter, ŠČANČAR, Janez, JAĆIMOVIĆ, Radojko, SIMČIČ, Jurij, PELICON, Primož, BUDNAR, Miloš, JERAN, Zvonka, PONGRAC, Paula, REGVAR, Marjana, VOGEL-MIKUŠ, Katarina. Application of X-ray fluorescence analytical techniques in phytoremediation and plant biology studies. Spectrochim. acta, Part B: At. spectrosc.. [Print ed.], 2008, issue 11, vol. 63, str. 1240-1247

6. PONGRAC, Paula, SONJAK, Silva, VOGEL-MIKUŠ, Katarina, KUMP, Peter, NEČEMER, Marijan, REGVAR, Marjana. Roots of Metal Hyperaccumulating Population of Thlaspi Praecox (Brassicaceae) Harbour Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Other Fungi Under Experimental Conditions. Int. j. phytoremediat., 2009, letn. 11, št. 4, str. 348-3597.

7. NEČEMER, Marijan, KOŠIR, Iztok Jože, KUMP, Peter, KROPF, Urška, JAMNIK, Mojca, BERTONCELJ, Jasna, OGRINC, Nives, GOLOB, Terezija. Application of total reflection X-ray spectrometry in combination with chemometric methods for determination of the botanical origin of Slovenian honey. J. agric. food chem., 2009, vol. 57, no. 10, str. 4409-4414

8. K. VOGEL-MIKUŠ, Katarina, ARČON Iztok, A. KODRE, Alojzij. Complexation of cadmium in seeds and vegetative tissues of the Cd hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox as revealed by X-ray absorption spectrometry. Plant physiology. (2009), submitted.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1. B. M. Patterson K. A. Defriend Obrey, G. J. Havrilla, Abbas Nikroo and Haibo Huang, Nondestructive Investigations of a Copper and Argon-Doped Sputtered Beryllium Capsule Using X-Rays In Three Dimensions, Fusion Science and Technology, 2009, 55, 417-423.

2. B. M. Patterson, G. J. Havrilla, K. DeFriend, S. Batha, P. Reardon, D. Schmidt, B. Day, D. Hatch, B. Espinoza, Staying on Target, Nuclear Weapons Journal in Press, 2009

3. U. E. A. Fittschen, N. H. Bings, S. Hauschild, S. Foerster, A. F. Kiera, E. Karavani, A. Froemsdorf, J. Thiele, G. Falkenberg, Characteristics of picoliter droplet dried residues as standards for direct analysis techniques, Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 1967-1977.

4. C. Sparks, U. E. A. Fittschen, G. J. Havrilla, Automated Picoliter Solution Deposition for TXRF Analysis of Semiconductor Samples, Denver X-ray Conference, Denver, CO, August 4-8, 2009, Book of Abstracts pg 106.

Appendix E.62

CRP No. 311 (T13012)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Spent Fuel Performance Assessment and Research (SPAR II)

Section/Division: NEFW Period Covered: 2004-12-01 through 2008-12-30 Total Cost: €118,933.51 Objectives of CRP:


To improve the capability of interested Member States to plan, develop and implement safe, environmentally sound and efficient spent fuel management by the identification and mitigation of problems, using information and guidance provided by the Agency.

(b) Specific (CRP):

• To fuel and materials performance evaluation under wet and dry storage • To summarize of monitoring programs of spent fuel storage facilities • To collect and exchange of relevant spent fuel storage experience of the participating

countries Outputs:

(a) Research:

Mechanical properties of high burnup Zircaloy and Zirlo cladding were examined by axial tensile tests, ring tensile tests, ring compression tests and creep tests. The effects of alloy elements and texture of irradiated Zircaloy on hydride reorientation properties and the effects of radial hydrides on cladding mechanical properties were also evaluated. Long term reliabilities of welded stainless steel canister under stress corrosion cracking (SCC) environments, concrete cask under carbonation and salt attack environments, and metal gasket under long term storage and short term accidental impact force were evaluated. The large body of modeling and analysis work was reviewed on the dry storage effects on cladding geometry due to creep and hydride morphology in the cladding due to hydride reorientation. (b) Others:

National approaches to spent fuel storage of the participating countries were collected and exchanged to provide a perspective on the global trends of spent fuel storage. Increased spent fuel storage capacity in combination with longer storage durations is needed over the foreseeable future because of delays in opening geological repositories in most countries or in implementing reprocessing in some countries. It is concluded that spent fuel storage became an important component in the spent fuel management options, as spent fuel storage quantities and durations increase.


The CRP was effective in reaching its specific objectives because fuel and storage components performances were evaluated under various storage conditions and their degradation mechanisms

Appendix E.63

were reviewed, monitoring techniques of spent fuel storage facilities were compared and summarized, and relevant spent fuel storage experiences of the participating countries were collected and exchanged. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The results of the CRP can be used as guidance for the identification of potential problems in implementing long-term spent fuel storage. Information on the mitigation methods of the identified problem can also be obtained in the collected and exchanged experiences provided by participating countries.

Impact of the CRP:

The technical report on the CRP contains a review on several topics of spent fuel performances in wet storage and dry storage. Handling of damaged fuel, drying techniques, behaviour of storage facility components, monitoring techniques were also reviewed based on the experiences provided by participating countries. This review helped participants to understand the current status of spent fuel performance research related to long-term storage. The information exchanges on this topic helped participating countries to make well-organized plans of further research needed to develop a long-term spent fuel storage system.

Relevance of the CRP: A trend toward extended storage duration was shown in most countries because of the unavailability of disposal facilities. Wet and dry storage continue to demonstrate good performances and provide system flexibility pending further progress in the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle. As spent fuel storage quantities and durations increase, the storage component in the nuclear fuel cycle represents a flexible spring in the system, accommodating changes and delays related to interfacing components. It is important to confirm the viability of this spring by continuing to study and share results regarding fuel and materials behaviour in storage through spent fuel performance assessment in the CRP. Shared experiences on wet and dry storage can be used to plan, develop and implement safer and more efficient spent fuel storage systems in participating countries. Performance evaluation results can be used to build a comprehensive, international database supporting the licensing of present and future technologies. Monitoring techniques summarized in this CRP can be considered to be applied to other storage facilities. Degradation mechanism assessed in this CRP can be applied to life extension of storage facilities. Unresolved challenges, found in the CRP, such as handling and transportation of spent fuel after very long-term storage should be topics for further research, including next cycle of the CRP.

Recommended future action by Agency: All the CRP participants felt that there is a need to continue this CRP endeavour in the next cycle, because the reliable spent fuel storage over long term was recognized as a prerequisite for flexibility of future decisions on spent fuel management. Furthermore, the new CRP should try to include other countries that have strong research programs in this area. One of the issues that should be included as a potential topic through the next cycle of the CRP is the handling and transportation of spent fuel after very long-term storage. Failure models and failure criteria for application to transportation accident analysis should be developed and then applied to the evaluation of fuel rod failure in transportation casks.


The final report of the CRP on Spent Fuel Performance and Research (SPAR-II) published as an IAEA-Technical Report.

Appendix E.64

CRP No. 113 (D12008)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Selection for Greater Agronomic Water-Use Efficiency in Wheat and Rice Using Carbon Isotope Discrimination

Section/Division: NAFA Period Covered: 2003-11-01 through 2008-11-14 Total Cost € 458,291.27 Objectives of CRP:


To contribute to increasing the agronomic water-use efficiency of wheat and rice production where agronomic water-use efficiency is defined as grain yield/total water use including both transpiration and evaporation. (b) Specific (CRP):

• To evaluate different strategies for using carbon isotope discrimination (CID) as a selection tool for identifying higher yielding genotypes of wheat (bread and durum wheat) and rice in various target zones and cropping systems,

• To develop sets of elite isomorphic lines varying in CID for further use, and • To use sets of these isomorphic breeding lines evaluated in contrasting cropping

environments to determine the most effective breeding strategies for application of CID in their environments.

Outputs:

(a) Research:

The outputs are divided into those of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Wheat

• In both bread and durum wheat varieties, the CID was found to be lower than those in seedling or flag leaf in grain

• In the rainfed conditions where cropping is based on soil moisture storage before a growing season, the participants from China, India, Pakistan and Yemen observed positive relationships between grain yield and leaf CID and between grain yield and grain CID under pre-anthesis drought stress environments (anthesis is defined as the period during which a flower is fully open and functional) Thus both leaf and grain CID can be used as tools by wheat breeders under these environments for identifying higher yielding genotypes of wheat.

• In the Mediterranean winter rainfall environments, or in irrigated environments with post-anthesis drought stress, as in Morocco, Algeria, Syria, and in some parts of India, China and Pakistan, a positive relationship between grain CID and grain yield was also observed. The CRP demonstrated that selection for high grain CID would give a grain yield advantage. Grain CID is therefore recommended by CRP participants as a tool for post-anthesis drought stress wheat selection.

Appendix E.65

• New wheat breeding lines have been developed in all countries involved during this CRP. Two genetically-analysed wheat mapping populations are also available for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for grain CID (QTL are stretches of DNA that are closely linked to the genes that underlie the trait which in this case is high grain yield).

• Positive correlation between grain ash and grain CID was observed and a protocol for analysing grain ash content using Near Infra-red Transmittance has been developed by the Indian counterpart. Thus grain ash content is recommended by the CRP participants as a rapid screening tool in the selection of parents in breeding programmes in addition to the CID value.

Rice

• For rice, the CID values from flag leaves correlated well with grain CID, and both positively correlated with grain yield, suggesting that flag leaf CID can potentially be used to select rice for salinity tolerance.

• Three major QTLs for CID were identified in saline environments, while nine QTLs were identified for CID under non-saline irrigated conditions. One major QTL co-localized with QTL for panicle size and panicle number was also identified, this should assist to accelerate the process of breeding new rice varieties for higher grain yield.

• Three genetically-analysed populations are available for mapping new QTLs associated with CID. QTLs associating CID with salinity tolerance are being used in marker-assisted breeding for salinity tolerance. New inbred populations were developed and are available for wider use.

(b) Others:

A variety of bilateral collaboration between scientists of the CRP was fostered as a result of the CRP. For examples, joint projects were established between scientists from Algeria and CIMMYT; and from China and Australia (CSIRO).



The CRP demonstrated that CID can be used as a good selection tool for yield of wheat under drought stress and rice under salt stress. New breeding lines for wheat and rice were developed which are available for wider use. The CRP also developed protocols and procedures for sampling of plant materials in various target zones and cropping environments for CID information. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

This CRP contributes information towards Project 2.1.1.5 on ‘Integrated soil-plant approaches to increase crop productivity in harsh environments’, in developing and applying CID methodology to identify high yielding genotypes of wheat and rice in various target zones and cropping systems, to increase agronomic water-use efficiency of wheat and rice production. The CID information generated under water-limiting and saline conditions also fits in with the strategic objectives of the FAO’s Department of Agriculture in improving water use efficiency of rice and wheat.


Staff turnover, in particular changes of the Project Officer, greatly affected the normal co-ordination/guidance during the CRP.

Impact of the CRP:

• In India, the results generated for wheat in this CRP have resulted in substantial government funding to immediately promote the CID technology. These funds helped to

Appendix E.66

purchase an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer dedicated for use in wheat breeding and the appointment of an associated scientist.

• In Pakistan, new high-yielding wheat entries identified under the CRP have entered the national wide-scale testing program for potential release.

• In Yemen, significant progress has been made with new wheat crop varieties released in the western part of the country and they are now being tested nation-wide.

• High yielding wheat varieties were generated by crossing between Australian and Chinese varieties which are being used in breeding programs in both countries.

• QTL associated with salinity tolerance in rice has been mapped and are being used in marker-assisted breeding studies in Bangladesh, China and IRRI.


Drought and soil salinity are major constraints to sustainable agricultural productivity in many parts of the world. Around 1500 million ha worldwide of dryland or rainfed agriculture are being affected by salinity, and the problem is increasing annually. An integrated approach to the management of water, nutrients and crops is required if the full potential of dry land cropping systems is to be realised in a sustainable manner. Plant genotypes characteristically differ in their tolerance to abiotic stress factors such as drought, salinity and limited nutrient supply. These genotypic differences can be exploited to mitigate the effects of stress, particularly in situations where external inputs of resources such as water and fertilizer are restricted due to economic or other factors. Genotypes with superior resources-use efficiency are required, especially in harsh environments. Rice and wheat are two major food crops often grown under water-limiting and saline conditions. As a result, increase in crop yields in dry and saline areas have not been as great as in more favourable environments or where irrigation is available. Genetic improvement for yield in this environment is a challenge because of the large interactions between genotype and year and/or genotype and environment. The CID methodology will enable the breeders to use as a selection tool for identifying higher yielding genotypes of wheat and rice in various target zones and cropping systems and evaluate different strategies in increased yield under pre- and post-anthesis water-stressed conditions. The information obtained through this CRP is highly relevant to the needs of developing Member States from Africa, Asia and Latin America.

Recommended future action by Agency: The results obtained from this project using CID as an index of crop water use efficiency are highly relevant to Member States in addressing water scarcity issues particularly with increasing concern on the impact of climate change and variability on water distribution. Thus it is important to disseminate the information on CID through IAEA’s Technical Co-operation Programme for improving water-use efficient wheat and rice cropping systems. Some progress has been made in this dissemination with the following on-going IAEA TC projects: ERI5004, GHA5032, NER5012, YEM5002 and ZIM5014.

Although substantial achievement has been made in this CRP on using CID in selecting wheat and rice for greater agronomic water-use efficiency, further study is still needed in evaluating the interaction of CID with soil and water management practices for improving the overall water use efficiency in rice and wheat cropping systems. Research is also needed in using CID and its surrogates such as grain ash content in rice and wheat breeding programs for crop genotypes that can adapt to water limited and saline environments. The above can be achieved by bringing soil scientists and plant breeders together and applying the expertise in breeding and soil and water management.

Resulting Publications: • Internal: 16 manuscripts (320 pages) have been compiled for the publication of an IAEA

TECDOC (in progress).

• More than 40 publications have been published by the CRP participants and IAEA staff involved in the project; twenty of these were papers published in peer review journals.

Appendix E.67

CRP No. 653 (D23024)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Physical Mapping Technologies for the Identification and Characterization of Mutated Genes Contributing to Crop Quality

Section/Division: NAFA Period Covered: 2002-09-02 through 2008-12-05 Total Cost: € 508,644.32 Objectives of CRP:


The objective of the project on “Identification, Characterization and Transfer of Mutated Genes” under which the CRP was conducted is to enhance Member States’ capacity to identify, isolate, characterize and transfer agronomically useful genes produced through mutation techniques using molecular markers and other biotechnology methods. (b) Specific (CRP):

The CRP aimed to assist Member States in accelerating crop breeding programmes through the application of physical mapping and complementary genomic approaches, and the characterization and utilization of induced mutants for improvement of crop quality.

Outputs: The main research outputs from this CRP were:

• Quality-trait data was generated by physical and genetic mapping associating molecular markers with induced mutants.

• Mutated genes were associated with individual large insert clones (for example, BACs) and arrays.

• The effect of tissue culture and induction of mutations on genome structure was quantified.

• Homology between the induced mutations and known genes in crops or model species was identified.

• Newly characterized lines with physically mapped genes or chromosome segments were entered into national breeding programmes for quality.

(b) Others:

• Development and establishing of protocols in member states

• Germplasm evaluation and assessment of existing biodiversity

Appendix E.68


All the participating countries produced results relating to the expected outputs of the CRP according to their respective projects. Mutant populations of brassica, tomato, peppers, rice, rye and cotton were generated, characterised and molecular markers associated with quality traits were identified, to facilitate breeding. The use of these advanced mutant lines and molecular markers will promote the development of new crop improvement programs and enhance sustainable agricultural in the respective countries. In addition, participating developing country counterparts were trained in the use of physical mapping techniques which they have now adopted in their programmes as such, fulfilling the CRP’s aim to explore and develop genetic, cytogenetic, molecular and comparative genomic approaches to physical mapping of mutated crop genomes.


Under this CRP, the capacities of participating institutions, to identify, isolate, characterize and transfer agronomically useful genes produced through mutation techniques using molecular markers and other biotechnology methods (molecular cytogenics and double haploid techniques) were enhanced. This is evident by the number well characterised advanced mutant lines of tomato, pepper, rice, oil seed rape and cotton, with improved quality traits which were developed, and the subsequent identification of molecular markers associated with these quality traits. (c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

Two research contracts with institutes in the Ukraine and Vietnam were terminated in the first and third year of the CRP respectively due to lack of progress and failure to submit required reports.

Impact of the CRP:

In this CRP, elite varieties were targeted to improve their quality traits (nutritional, organoleptic, processing, fiber-quality and abiotic stress tolerance). As such the mutant lines selected, have significant impact on the development of new varieties, to meet the demands for improved varieties with high yield, quality, and market-preferred traits. Furthermore, this CRP added to the enhanced knowledge on the use of induced mutations in crop improvement, marker technologies, genomics and cytogenics among participating institutions.

Relevance of the CRP: Mutation induction is a highly efficient means to alter the genetic constitution of a crop, enhancing the development of expansion of new crops varieties, by providing genetic variability in exiting elite varieties. An understanding of the physical organization of genomes and chromosomes is also important to enhance the utilization of induced mutations for plant improvement. This CRP employed physical and molecular mapping techniques which provided the scientific basis for the establishment of an effective approach to manipulate and characterize various traits and also tag the transfer of genes between varieties. In addition to building the capacities to utilise these techniques in the participating developing country member states, the CRP yielded results applicable to marker assisted breeding. Molecular markers for beta carotene, high Oleic acid content, cotton fibre quality and cold tolerance were identified in peppers, oil-seed rape, cotton and rice, for breeding these crops and with further work, can be adapted for other crops. Centromere associated markers develop in sugar beet will facilitate selection of desired hybrids in inter-specific crosses.

Appendix E.69

Recommended future action by Agency: The IAEA’s should disseminated the technologies from this CRP to member states through its website and in its Technical Co-operation Programme, to facilitate selection of quality traits and the isolation of genes responsible for these traits The participant further recognised the potential of novel approaches and next generation of sequencing technologies, TILLING and DaRT to facilitate mutation breeding and recommended that the IAEA’s Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory provide these services to requesting member states for selection of crop quality traits. To further characterise useful quality trait genes from induced and natural mutants and to be transfer to cultivated crops as new varieties, the IAEA should support a follow-up CRP on use of nuclear techniques and physical mapping.


A TECDOC reporting the work done under the CRP is being complied, as well as a bookelet containing Protocols and Guidelines.

Argentina

Peer Reviewed

1. SCALDAFERRO, M. A.; SEIJO, J. G.; ACOSTA, M. C.; BARBOZA, G. E.; DUCASSE, D. A.; MOSCONE, E. A. 2006. Genomic characterization of the germplasm in peppers (Capsicum Solanaceae) by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Plant Science 43 (4): 291-297.

2. MOSCONE, E. A.; SCALDAFERRO, M. A.; GRABIELE, M.; CECCHINI, N. M.; SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA, Y.; JARRET, R.; DAVIÑA, J. R.; DUCASSE, D. A.; BARBOZA, G. E.; EHRENDOFER, F. 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae 745: 137-169.

Conference Proceedings

1. MOSCONE, E. A., M. A. SCALDAFERRO, M. V. ROMERO, M. GRABIELE, H. J. DEBAT, P. W. BOSLAND, D. A. DUCASSE AND G. E. BARBOZA. 2007. Evolución cromosómica en ajíes (Capsicum, Solanaceae). II Simposio Latinoamericano de Citogenética y Evolución, Palmira (Colombia), 16-18/08/2007 (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira). Memorias II SLACE: 21-22.

2. MOSCONE, E. A.; SEIJO, J. G.; CECCHINI, N. M.; DUCASSE, D. A.; SCALDAFERRO, M. A.; ACOSTA, M. C. 2003. Mapeo de secuencias génicas (rDNA 45S y 5S) y teloméricas en los cromosomas somáticos de algunas especies de Capsicum (Solanaceae) mediante hibridación in situ fluorescente. XXXII Congreso Argentino de Genética y IV Jornadas Argentino-Chilenas de Genética, Huerta Grande, 21-24/09/2003 (Sociedad Argentina de Genética). Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 15 (Supplement 2): 91.

3. CECCHINI, N. M.; SCALDAFERRO, M. A.; BARBOZA, G. E.; MOSCONE, E. A. 2003. Estudio de cromosomas mitóticos en dos ajíes silvestres de flores púrpuras (Capsicum Solanaceae) mediante bandeo de fluorescencia. XXXII Congreso Argentino de Genética y IV Jornadas Argentino-Chilenas de Genética, Huerta Grande, 21-24/09/2003 (Sociedad Argentina de Genética). Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 15 (Supplement 2): 91.

4. SCALDAFERRO, M. A.; ACOSTA, M. C.; PRINA, A. R.; MOSCONE, E. A. 2004. Daños cromosómicos y fisiológicos producidos por radiaciones ionizantes en Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum (Solanaceae). XXXIII Congreso Argentino de Genética, Malargüe, 26-29/09/2004 (Sociedad Argentina de Genética). Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 16 (Supplement): 59.

5. SCALDAFERRO, M. A.; SEIJO, J. G.; ACOSTA, M. C.; BARBOZA, G. E.; DUCASSE, D. A.; MOSCONE, E. A.2005 Genomic characterization of the germplasm

Appendix E.70

in peppers (Capsicum Solanaceae) by fluorescent in situ hybridization. 1st Bulgarian Symposium on Horticulture, Plovdiv (Bulgaria), 31/08-01/09/2005 (Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute). Program: 4.

6. SCALDAFERRO, M. A.; GRABIELE, M.; PRINA, A. R.; MOSCONE, E. A.. 2005 Análisis cromosómico en línea de ají cultivado (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum Solanaceae) portadora de una translocación inducida mediante radiaciones ionizantes. XXXIV Congreso Argentino de Genética, Trelew, 11-14/09/2005 (Sociedad Argentina de Genética). Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 17 (Supplement): 121-122.

7. DEBAT, H. J.; GRABIELE, M.; MOSCONE, E. A.; DUCASSE, D. A. 2007 Análisis de la estructura primaria y secundaria de la molécula de rRNA 5S en Capsicum (Solanaceae). XXXVI Congreso Argentino de Genética, Pergamino, (Sociedad Argentina de Genética). Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 18 (Supplement): 73.

8. GRABIELE, M.; DEBAT, H. J.; BARBOZA, G. E.; MOSCONE, E. A.; DUCASSE, D. A. Análisis filogenético en Capsicum (Solanaceae) utilizando la región espaciadora intergénica (IGS) del gen de rRNA 5S. XXXVI Congreso Argentino de Genética, Pergamino, 23-26/09/2007 (Sociedad Argentina de Genética). Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 18 (Supplement): 77.

Bulgaria

Peer Reviewed

1. TOMLEKOVA, N., TODOROVA, V., DASKALOV, S., 2007. Creating variation in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) through induced mutagenesis, Plant Sciences, 44: 44-47.

2. TOMLEKOVA, N., ATANASSOVA, B., MARINOVA, D., BARALIEVA, D., RIBAROVA, F., 2007. Study on the Variability of Lycopene and β-Carotene Content in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Acta Horticulturae, 729: 101-104.

3. TOMLEKOVA, N., 2006. Development of Molecular Markers for F1 tomato Hybrids. Ecology and Future, V:4, 3-10.

4. TOMLEKOVA, N., GROZEVA, S., RODEVA, V., 2006. AFLP Polymorphism in Tomato after Gamma-rays Callus Mutagenesis. Ecology and Future, V:3, 30-34.


1. TOMLEKOVA, N., PANCHEV, I., DASKALOV, S., TODOROVA, V., 2004. Analysis of β-Carotene Hydroxylase Activity in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Mutant. Proceedings of the International Conference on Horticulture, Post-Graduate Study System and Conditions in Europe, 16–19 November 2004 - Lednice-Czech Republic, 223–226.

2. TOMLEKOVA, N., RODEVA, V., GROZEVA, S., PENCHEV, E., MARINOVA, D., 2004. Biochemical Screening of Irradiated Tomato Populations for Iincreased Lycopene Content. Proceedings of the Symposium on Biotechnology and Agro-Industry, Vegetable, Potato, Decorative and Aromatic Varieties–Velika Plana-Serbia, 285-292.

3. TOMLEKOVA, N., GROZEVA, S., RODEVA, V., 2004. Characterization of Tomato Mutants Obtained by Co60 Callus Irradiation, Using AFLPs. – COST 843 Action on Quality Enhancement of Plant Production Trough Tissue Culture, Saanen, September 30 – October 03, 2004, 61-62.

4. TOMLEKOVA, N., GROZEVA, S., RODEVA, V., 2005. Molecular Characterization of Tomato Mutants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). COST 843 Joint Final Meeting of COST 843 Action on Quality Enhancement of Plant Production Trough Tissue Culture and COST 851 Action on Gametic Cells and Molecular Breeding for Crops Improvement – Stara Lesna, June 28 – July 03, 2005, 242-243.

5. TOMLEKOVA, N., 2006. Introducing of protocols for revealing ISSRs in Capsicum annuum genome. Proceedings of First International Symposium "Ecological Approaches towards the Production of Safety Food", 2006, 107-112 /in Bulgarian/.

Appendix E.71

6. PETKOVA, V., TOMLEKOVA, N., TODOROVA, V., 2006. Comparison between red and orange pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes for chlorophyll and carotenoid content dependence. Proceedings of First International Symposium "Ecological Approaches towards the Production of Safety Food", 2006, 89-94.

7. TOMLEKOVA, N., ATANASSOVA, B., PENCHEV, E., 2006. Molecular analysis of tomato lines and hybrids possessing economically important characters . Proceedings of First International Symposium "Ecological Approaches towards the Production of Safety Food", 2006, 101-106.

8. PETKOVA, V., N. TOMLEKOVA, V. TODOROVA, 2007. Physiological Reaction of Capsicum annuum L. Pepper Mutants in Different Temperature Conditions. Proceedings of International Symposium "Ecological Approaches towards the Production of Safety Food", 18-19 October 2007, Plovdiv, 189-194 /in Bulgarian/.

9. PETROV, V., TOMLEKOVA, N., DENEV, I., 2007. Molecular Characterization of the Genes for Capsanthin-Capsorubin Synthase and beta-Carotene Hydroxylase-1 in Capsicum annuum Linn. Proceedings of International Symposium "Ecological Approaches towards the Production of Safety Food", 18-19 October 2007, Plovdiv, 195-200 /in Bulgarian/.

10. TOMLEKOVA, N., YANCHEVA, S., TODOROVA V., PANCHEV, I., MARINOVA D., BAUDOIN, J.-P., AND DASKALOV, S., 2008. Biochemical and molecular characterization of high carotene sweet pepper mutants assessed their biological value. The 15th International Symposium on Carotenoids. 22-28 June 2008, Carotenoid Science, V. 12, 141.

11. TOMLEKOVA, N., TODOROVA, V., DASKALOV, S., DENEV, I., 2008. Biochemical evaluation of increased beta-carotene levels in pepper mutants. Proceedings of 3rd Central European Congress on Food, 22-24 May 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria /in press/.

12. TOMLEKOVA N., 2008. Molecular characterization of interspecific tomato (Lycopersicon) hybrids. Proceedings of 3rd Central European Congress on Food, 22-24 May 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria /in press/.

China

Peer Reviewed

1. HONG YI-HUAN，QIAN KAI, QIN QIU-LIN, CHEN JIAN-MIN, 2006. Cloning and analysis of a repetitive DNA from Dong Xiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff) and Its chromosomal localization. J. of Yangzhou University (Agricultural and life science edition) 27（3）56-61.

2. NING XIAO,YIHUAN HONG, RUIXIANG XIA，JIANMIN CHEN, Cloning of genome-specific repetitive DNA sequences and developing novel molecular markers in O. rufipogon. Plant science, 2008. (in press)

3. ZHOU X, SHEN S, WU D, SUN J, SHU Q (2007) Introduction of a Xantha mutation for testing and increasing varietal purity in hybrid rice. Field Crops Research 96: 71-76.

4. SHU X, SHEN S, BAO J, WU D, Nakamura Y, Shu Q (2006) Molecular and biochemical analysis of the gelatinization temperature character in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal Cereal Science 44(1): 40-48.

Sequence Data

13 sequences to Genebank and got the ID number (From DQ861441 to DQ861452).

Czech Republic

Book Chapter

1. ROUX N, BAURENS FC, DOLEŽEL J, HŘIBOVÁ E, HESLOP-HARRISON JS, TOWN C, SASAKI T, MATSUMOTO T, AERT R, REMY S, SOUZA M, LAGODA

Appendix E.72

P. 2007Genomics of Banana and Plantain (Musa spp.), Major Staple Crops in the Tropics. In: Moore PH & Ming R (eds). Genomics of Tropical Crop Plants. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany,.

Peer Reviewed

2. ŠAFÁŘ, J., NOA-CARRAZANA, J.C., VRÁNA, J., BARTOŠ, J., ALKHIMOVA, O., LHEUREUX, F., ŠIMKOVÁ, H., CARUANA, M.L., DOLEŽEL, J., PIFFANELLI, P. 2004.: Creation of a BAC resource to study the structure and evolution of the banana (Musa balbisiana) genome. – Genome 47: 1182-1191,

3. BARTOŠ, J., ALKHIMOVA, O., DOLEŽELOVÁ, M., DE LANGE, E., DOLEŽEL, J. 2005.: Nuclear genome size and genomic distribution of ribosomal DNA in Musa and Ensete (Musaceae): taxonomic implications. – Cytogenet. Genome Res 109: 50-57,

4. HAKKINEN M, DOLEŽELOVÁ M, SUCHÁNKOVÁ P, HŘIBOVÁ E, DOLEŽEL J. 2007.Karyological Observation in the New Variety of Musa beccarii (Musaceae). – Acta Phytotax Geobot 58: 112-118,

5. HŘIBOVÁ E, DOLEŽELOVÁ M, TOWN CD, MACAS J, DOLEŽEL J. 2007 Isolation and characterization of the highly repeated fraction of the banana genome. – Cytogenet. Genome Res 119: 268-274.

6. HŘIBOVÁ E, DOLEŽELOVÁ M, DOLEŽEL J. 2008. FISH with BAC clones on mitotic chromosomes of banana (Musa acuminata). – Biol. Plant. 52: 445-452,

7. AERT R, HŘIBOVÁ E, DOLEŽEL J, SWENNEN R, SÁGI L. Cot-filtration in banana (Musa acuminata): a promising tool for gene discovery. – in preparation.

Conference proceedings/Newsletter

1. DOLEŽELOVÁ, M., DOLEŽEL, J., VAN DEN HOUWE, I., ROUX, N., SWENNEN, R. 2005: Focus on the Musa collection: Ploidy levels revealed. – InfoMusa 14: 34-36.

Germany

Peer Reviewed

2. ANAMTHAWAT-JÓNSSON K , T WENKE, ÆTH THÓRSSON, S SVEINSSON, F ZAKRZEWSKI AND T SCHMIDT (2009). Evolutionary diversification of satellite DNA sequences in Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) Genome 52(4):381-90

Iceland

Peer Reviewed

3. BÖDVARSDÓTTIR SK AND ANAMTHAWAT-JÓNSSON K (2003) Isolation, characterization and analysis of Leymus-specific DNA sequences. Genome 46: 673-682.

4. ELLNESKOG-STAAM P, SALOMON B, VON BOTHMER R AND ANAMTHAWAT-JÓNSSON K (2003) The genome composition of hexaploid Psammopyrum athericum and octoploid Psammopyrum pungens (Poaceae: Triticeae). Genome 46: 164-169.

5. ANAMTHAWAT-JÓNSSON K (2005) The Leymus Ns-genome. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41 (Special Issue): 1-8.

6. ELLNESKOG-STAAM P, TAKEDA S, SALOMON B, ANAMTHAWAT-JÓNSSON K AND VON Bothmer R. (2006) Identifying the genome of wood barley Hordelymus europaeus (Poaceae: Triticeae). Hereditas 143: 103-112.

7. ELLNESKOG-STAAM P, VON BOTHMER R, ANAMTHAWAT-JÓNSSON K AND SALOMON B (2007) Genome analysis of species in the genus Hystrix (Triticeae; Poaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 265: 241-249.

Appendix E.73

8. ANAMTHAWAT-JÓNSSON K (manuscript) The Leymus Ns genome and its variation based on RFLP analysis of the Ns genome specific dispersed repetitive sequences.

9. ANAMTHAWAT-JÓNSSON K, WENKE T, THÓRSSON ÆTH, SVEINSSON S, ZAKRZEWSKI F, Schmidt T (manuscript) Evolutionary diversification of satellite DNA sequences from Leymus Hochst. (Poaceae: Triticeae).

Pakistan

Peer Reviewed

1. IFTIKHAR ALI AND MUMTAZ AHMAD 2004. “In vitro mutagenesis in oilseed brassica” Pak .J. Biotech. (1) 1-5

2. ASIF, M., J. I. MIRZA1 AND Y. ZAFAR. 2008. Genetic analysis for fiber quality traits of some cotton genotypes. Pak. J. Bot., 40(3): 1209-1215.


1. IFTIKHAR ALI et al; 2006. “In situ hybridization analysis of mutants and production of aneuploids in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Paper resented in National Symposium of Biotechnology, Nathiagali, 24-26 July 2006.

2. IFTIKHAR ALI AND MUMTAZ AHMAD 2004. “Applications of non-destructive near infrared spectroscopy for determination of canola quality in oilseed rape”, Proceedings of National Executive Symposium on Technologies Developed for Commercialization Challenges and Opportunities, 21-22 September 2003, Peshawar pp 82-83.

3. ASIF, M., H. MUMTAZ, J. I. MIRZA, M. RAHMAN AND Y. ZAFAR. 2006. Genomic analysis for quality traits in cotton through DNA fingerprinting technology. In: National symposium on biotechnology for economic prosperity, July 24-26, 2006. National Commission on Biotechnology, Pakistan.

4. ASIF, M., M. RAHMAN AND Y. ZAFAR. 2008. Marker assisted selection for fiber quality improvement in mutation breeding programme of cotton. In: International Symposium on Induced Mutations in Plants (ISIM). 12-15 August 2008. IAEA, Vienna, Austria. (IAEA CN-167-276P)

PhD thesis

1. ASIF, M. 2007. Genomic analysis for quality traits in cotton through DNA fingerprinting technology.

Poland

Peer Reviewed

2. JUCHIMIUK J, HERING B, MALUSZYNSKA J, Multicolour FISH in analysis of chromosomal aberrations induced by MH and MNU. Journal of Applied Genetics

3. HASTEROK R, WOLNY E, HOSIAWA M, KOWALCZYK M, KULAK-KSIAZCZYK S, KSIAZCZYK T, HENEEN W, MALUSZYNSKA J (2006) Comparative Analysis of rDNA Distribution in Chromosomes of various Species of Brassicaceae. Annals of Botany 97: 205-216

4. HASTEROK R, KSIAZCZYK T, WOLNY E, MALUSZYNSKA J (2005) FISH and GISH analysis of Brassica genomes. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, Series Botanica 47/1: 185-192

United Kingdom

Book Chapter

1. SCHWARZACHER T (2008) Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization to Detect Transgene Integration into Plant Genomes. in Huw D. Jones and Peter R. Shewry (eds.), Methods in Molecular Biology, Transgenic Wheat, Barley and Oats, vol. 478. Chapter 14.

Appendix E.74

Peer Reviewed

2. SCHWARZACHER, T. (2003) DNA, chromosomes, and in situ hybridization. Genome 46: 953-962.

3. HESLOP-HARRISON , JS AND SCHWARZACHER T. (2007) Domestication, genomics and the future for banana. Annals of Botany 100: 1073-1084.

4. MOSCONE EA , SAMUEL R, SCHWARZACHER T, SCHWEIZER D, PEDROSA-HARAND A (2007) Complex rearrangements are involved in Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) chromosome evolution. Chromosome Research 15: 931-943

5. NAIR, A.S., TEO, C.H., SCHWARZACHER, T. AND HESLOP HARRISON, P. (2005) Genome classification of banana cultivars from South India using IRAP markers. Euphytica, 144: 285–290

6. CONTENTO, A., HESLOP-HARRISON, J.S. AND SCHWARZACHER, T. (2005) Diversity of a major repetitive DNA sequence in diploid and polyploid Triticeae. Cytogenetic and Genome Research 109: 34-42

7. RIBEIRO-CARVALHO, C., GUEDES-PINTO, H., IGREJAS, B., STEPHENSON, P., SCHWARZACHER, T. AND HESLOP-HARRISON, J.S. (2004). High levels of genetic diversity throughout the range of the Portuguese wheat landrace ‘Barbela' . Annals of Botany 94 : 699-705

http://apps.isiknowledge.com/OneClickSearch.do?product=UA&search_mode=OneClickSearch&doc=4&db_id=&SID=2EiIiHbnjg1odl6aoAj&field=AU&value=Moscone%20EA&ut=000250977400009&pos=1�

http://apps.isiknowledge.com/OneClickSearch.do?product=UA&search_mode=OneClickSearch&doc=4&db_id=&SID=2EiIiHbnjg1odl6aoAj&field=AU&value=Samuel%20R&ut=000250977400009&pos=2�

http://apps.isiknowledge.com/OneClickSearch.do?product=UA&search_mode=OneClickSearch&doc=4&db_id=&SID=2EiIiHbnjg1odl6aoAj&field=AU&value=Schwarzacher%20T&ut=000250977400009&pos=3�

http://apps.isiknowledge.com/OneClickSearch.do?product=UA&search_mode=OneClickSearch&doc=4&db_id=&SID=2EiIiHbnjg1odl6aoAj&field=AU&value=Schweizer%20D&ut=000250977400009&pos=4�

http://apps.isiknowledge.com/OneClickSearch.do?product=UA&search_mode=OneClickSearch&doc=4&db_id=&SID=2EiIiHbnjg1odl6aoAj&field=AU&value=Pedrosa-Harand%20A&ut=000250977400009&pos=5�

http://apps.isiknowledge.com/OneClickSearch.do?product=UA&search_mode=OneClickSearch&doc=4&db_id=&SID=2EiIiHbnjg1odl6aoAj&field=AU&value=Pedrosa-Harand%20A&ut=000250977400009&pos=5�

http://www.le.ac.uk/biology/phh4/HHPubs/barbdivr.pdf�

http://www.le.ac.uk/biology/phh4/HHPubs/barbdivr.pdf�

Appendix E.75

CRP No. 152 (D41018)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Improvement of Codling Moth SIT to Facilitate Expansion of Field Application



To reduce insecticide use in agriculture and the rural-urban interface and to facilitate international trade in agricultural commodities by developing a cost-effective and environment-friendly alternative to pest management in pome fruit production (b) Specific (CRP):

To improve codling moth sterile insect technique (SIT) to facilitate application in orchard and urban areas internationally.

Outputs:

(a) Research:

1. Rearing and Quality Control/Management

• Trade off between codling moth mobility and demographic parameters proven; recommendation documented for SIT rearing facilities to optimize mobility traits.

• Procedures developed to comparatively measure effects of pre-release alternative treatments on codling moth mobility. Quantification of rearing procedure (standard vs. diapause), radiation dose and cold storage on moth mobility documented for different post-release environmental conditions and evaluated in the laboratory and in the field.

• Mating compatibility studies of codling moth from different geographical origins under controlled conditions completed and no mating barriers found. Compatibility of mass-reared codling moth from Osoyoos, Canada rearing facility and wild South Africa codling moth with respect to mating and attraction documented under field and laboratory conditions.

• Radiation dose response in relation to competitiveness, mating time and sterility levels of female and male codling moth from different geographical regions evaluated.

• Parameters to evaluate longevity, mating and flight ability of codling moth air-freighted from the Canadian rearing facility to South Africa measured. Procedures and protocols for long distance shipments and importation to other countries developed.

• Standard protocol to quantify field dispersal of irradiated codling moth as a quality control attribute developed.

• Standard protocol for laboratory flight ability test that can be used as a quality control parameter for the codling moth developed.

Appendix E.76

• Extraction of codling moth pupae from the artificial diet used by the Canadian mass-rearing programme evaluated.

2. Field implementation

• Impact of season-long release of sterile moth imported from Canada to South Africa documented.

• Procedure to discriminate trapped un-marked F1 sterile codling moth males from wild fertile codling moth males developed.

• Compatibility of SIT with other control tactics, including endemic and exotic natural enemies, within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes documented.

• Removal of codling moth host trees from infested urban areas in Brazil demonstrated to be an effective tactic to reduce codling moth populations.

• Economical models that demonstrated the benefits of codling moth eradication from the urban areas in Brazil using host tree removal combined with SIT developed.

• A population model for different climatic zones and host fruit in relation to optimize F1 sterile releases to improve codling moth control developed.

• Relationship between radio-resistance and geographical populations in an effort to optimize SIT in local areas established.

3. Genetics

• Theoretical model for the development of genetic sexing lines in Lepidoptera through transgenesis of the female sex determining W-chromosome developed and published.

• Basic knowledge on codling moth cytogenetics with particular focus on sex chromosomes developed.

• Techniques of molecular cytogenetics to identify the W sex-chromosome and study its molecular composition and genetic activity developed.

• A method for detecting radiation-induced aberrations of the codling moth W chromosome developed.

• Alternative methods for rapid assessment of codling moth sex from eggs to larvae using cytogenetic and molecular markers developed.

• Methodologies for production and detection of transgenic codling moth through improved molecular techniques optimized.

• A 7-fold representation of codling moth genome in BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) library to be used in gene discovery and facilitate sex chromosome molecular characterization developed.

(b) Others:

1- International exchange of expertise: Consultancies of (a) B. Fugger, Okanagan SIR Project, to Argentina, (b) of S. Bloem, USA to Argentina, Chile, and Switzerland, and (c) of J. Mumford, UK to Brazil. IAEA-supported expert missions to several Member States.

2- Dissemination of research results originated from the CRP at national and international meetings and symposia.

3- Increased visibility of area-wide IPM with an SIT component and direct technology transfer was achieved by holding RCMs at important pome fruit-producing areas and having agendas that included direct interaction with industry, stakeholders, leaders and growers (thanks to the excellent local arrangements by host institutions).

4- Various degrees obtained by students conducting research related to the CRP.

5- Finalization of codling moth mass-rearing facility in Argentina, and pilot production test.

Appendix E.77

6- Field trials in South Africa and Argentina and optimization of procedures for irradiation, transportation and release.

7- Technology transfer in methodologies related to ovary dissection and FISH technique was obtained by the USA group during a visit to the Czech group for 1 week.

8- Technology transfer in real-time PCR, embryo microinjection, and BAC library screening was obtained by an IAEA sponsored visiting scientist from the Czech lab to the USA lab for 3 months.

9- Technology transfer in BAC library clone selection was obtained by a Czech lab visiting scientist during a 6-week visit to the USA laboratory where the USA lab investigated various methods in chromosome painting in FISH and CGH.

10- Technology transfer between the Syrian lab and the Czech lab during a visit of a colleague to learn FISH, CGH and GISH for 2 months.

11- Technology transfer between South African technical staff and Canadian SIR programme to facilitate season-long release programme.

12- Support for a visiting scientist from Mexico in the USA laboratory to facilitate gene discovery projects.

13- Facilitation of scientific visit of Argentinean technical staff to Canadian SIR programme.



The specific objective of this CRP was effectively met as a result of the research outputs achieved which included: (1) the development and evaluation of parameters that can be used to measure and improve quality of codling moth to be used in an SIT programme, (2) development of complementary control tactics that can be combined with SIT and used in area wide control / eradication codling moth programmes, (3) the establishment of baseline data for global exchange of mass-reared codling moth, and (4) the development of a new paradigm for the creation of a genetic sexing line for not only codling moth, but for Lepidoptera in general.


The overall objectives of this CRP were met as follows: • Improved SIT procedures were developed and the increased accessibility of high quality

codling moths facilitate increased application of the SIT against this major agricultural pest insect.

• Knowledge of how the SIT can be integrated with other non-insecticidal control tactics for enhanced codling moth control was gained.

• Understanding and available baseline information on the behaviour and ecology of this pest insect was increased.

• Knowledge on the creation of a genetic sexing line for all Lepidoptera and specifically the finer points of optimizing SIT in relation to Lepidoptera genetics were increased.

• This CRP contributed to the initiation of better monitoring practices and area-wide control strategies that include an SIT component in several countries, thus contributing to the reduction of the use of insecticides and the increased marketability of high-value crops.

Impact of the CRP:

• Demonstrated potential utility of codling moth SIT on three continents, Africa, Asia and South America, resulting in TC project requests.

• Gained relevant knowledge and know-how on behaviour and ecology of codling moth thereby overcoming bottlenecks to integrated application of the SIT against this major pest insect.

Appendix E.78

• Advanced the basic science related to the development of genetic sexing lines in Lepidoptera, stimulating R&D by several laboratories in this field.

• Enhanced worldwide networking and collaboration among and between researchers in genetics, behaviour, ecology, SIT and biological control.

• Increased awareness of the private sector and policy makers of the benefits of the SIT.


• The CRP contributed to the global expansion of SIT as an environmentally-friendly, area-wide IPM control strategy for the codling moth.

• Quality control parameters, including in particular the behavioural traits of dispersal and mating success of codling moth, have been established as important monitoring tools for optimization of SIT in lepidopteran pests.

• The selection of the RCM locations in major pome fruit production areas in different countries contributed to national plant protection and private sector interest, as well as technology refinement, transfer and adaptation to regional/local conditions.

• The CRP contributed to more efficient and sustainable use of codling moth SIT in area-wide IPM programmes. Further, it provided fundamental knowledge for future development of genetic sexing strains for an optimized, cost effective use of SIT in moth pests.


• The CRP has highlighted the importance of quality control of mass-reared lepidopteran pests for successful SIT and has identified areas that merit further investigation. It is recommended that these research gaps regarding quality control be investigated in a future CRP on lepidopteran pests.

• Pending the outcome of field trials conducted in South Africa on bisexual vs male-only releases of irradiated codling moths, it is further recommended that individual research contracts be awarded to advance the development of genetic sexing strains for codling moth.

• Because of the concern that the availability of gamma irradiators will be quite limited in the future, it is recommended that the FAO/IAEA supports scientists from the Czech Republic to conduct dose-response comparisons between the Co-60 irradiator and the new X-ray machine located at the FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory at Seibersdorf Laboratories.

• It is recommended that the FAO/IAEA supports the further development of mathematical models that can assist with the decision-making process for the declaration of eradication based on scientific criteria.


1. AZIZYAN, A. A., AND A. R.TER-HOVHANNESYAN. 2002. The diapause induction in codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) depending on food. 7th European Congress of Entomology, 8-10 October 2002, Thessaloniki, Greece.

2. AZIZYAN, A. A., AND A. TER-HOVHANNESYAN. 2005. Aestudio comparative de la resistance en diference tipos de vides a la polilla europea de la vid, pp. 23-24. Libro de Resumenes, VI Congreso Argentino de Entomologia, 12-15 Sertember 2005, Tucuman, Argentina.

Appendix E.79

3. AZIZYAN, A. A., AND A. TER-HOVHANNESYAN. 2005. Development of genetic methods of codling moth control in various climatic regions, pp. 179-180. Book of extended synopses. FAO/IAEA International Conference on Area-Wide Control of Insect and Related Nuclear and Techniques, Vienna, Austria, 9-13 May 2005.

4. AZIZYAN, A. A., A. AKOPYAN, AND A. TER-HOVHANNESYAN. 2003. Development of small scale, sustainable, apple IPM in Armenia. Bulletin of Armenian Agricultural Academy 3-4: 12-16.

5. AZIZYAN, A. A., S. GASPARYAN, A. AKOPYAN, AND A.TER-HOVHANNESYAN. 2002. Modeling of codling moth populations in various climatic zones. Acta Horticulturae 58: 193-197.

6. AZIZYAN, A., A. TER-HOVHANNESYAN, AND A. AKOPYAN. 2002. Studies on biotechnology of genetic method of codling moth. Problems of the stable development of the agro-industrial system in the south caucuses region. International Sciences Conference Materials, Part 1: 176-179.

7. BLOEM, S., J. CARPENTER, AND S. DORN. 2006. Mobility of mass-reared diapaused and nondiapaused Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Effect of mating status and treatment with gamma radiation. Journal of Economic Entomology 99: 699-706.

8. BLOEM, S., J. CARPENTER, AND S. DORN. 2006. Mobility of mass-reared diapaused and nondiapaused Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Effect of different constant temperatures and lengths of cold storage. Journal of Economic Entomology 99: 707-713.

9. BOTTO, E. N., E. PLANTE, G. QUINTANA, M. RITTACO, AND L. CICHON. 2004. Control biológico de Cydia pomonella integrando parasitoides oófagos y la técnica del insecto estéril (TIE) en la Argentina. Resultados preliminares, pp. 22. Resúmenes XXVII CAH. Merlo, San Luís. 21-24 septiembre 2004. FS23.

10. BOTTO, E., M. RITTACO, P. GLAZ, A. L. NUSEMBAUN, S. GARRIDO, AND L. CICHON. 2005. Técnica del Insecto estéril (TIE) y Control Biológico como alternativas para el control de la carpocapsa en la Argentina. XII Congreso Latinoamericano y XXVII Congreso Argentino de Horticultura. 6 - 8 septiembre 2005. Alto Valle Río Negro. Argentina.

11. BOTTO E., S. GARRIDO, T. SAEZ, C. HERNÁNDEZ, C. LAFALCE, L. CICHÓN, D. FERNÁNDEZ. 2005. Evaluación de Trichogramma spp., (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) para el control Biológico de Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en Alto Valle de Río Negro, Argentina. XXVII Congreso Nacional Entomología. Valdivia, Chile, 23-25 Noviembre, 2005. Libro Resúmenes.

12. BOTTO E., G. QUINTANA, M. RITACCO, AND P. GLAZ. 2005. Compatibilidad de uso entre parasitoides oófagos (Trichogramma spp.), el virus de la granulosis de Cydia pomonella (CPGV) y la técnica del insecto estéril (TIE). XXVII Congreso Nacional Entomología. Valdivia, Chile, 23-25 Noviembre, 2005. Libro Resúmenes.

13. BOTTO E., O. TORTOSA, C. HERNÁNDEZ, S. GARRIDO, C. LAFALCE, L. I. CHICHÓN, AND D. FERNÁNDEZ. 2005. Introducción del parasitoide Mastrus ridibundus (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) para el control biológico de Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en la Argentina. XXII Congreso Latinoamericano, XXVIII Congreso Argentino de Horticultura. 6-8 de Septiembre de 2005. Libro resúmenes.

14. BOTTO E., P. GLAZ, M. RITACCO, A. NUSSEMBAUN, C. HERNANDEZ, S. GARRIDO, C. LAFALCE, L. I. CICHON, T. SAEZ, AND D.

Appendix E.80

FERNÁNDEZ. 2005. Utilización de la Técnica del Insecto Estéril (TIE) como alternativa de control de Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), en la Argentina. XXII Congreso Latinoamericano, XXVIII Congreso Argentino de Horticultura, 6-8 de Septiembre de 2005. Libro resúmenes.

15. CARPENTER, J. E., S. BLOEM, AND F. MAREC. 2005. Inherited sterility in insects, pp. 115-146. In Dyck, V. A., J. Hendrichs, and A. S. Robinson (eds.), Sterile Insect Technique. Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands,

16. COSSENTINE, J. E., L. B. M. JENSEN, AND K. EASTWELL. 2005. Incidence and transmission of a granulovirus in a large codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) rearing facility. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 90(3):187-92

17. DEVOTTO, L., AND M. GERDING. 2005. Control de la polilla de la manzana mediante disrupción sexual combinada con el parasitoide de huevos Trichogramma nerudai (Pintureau y Gerding). XXVII Congreso Nacional de Entomología, Valdivia 23-25 de noviembre 2005.

18. DEVOTTO L., C. YAÑEZ., AND M. GERDING. 2005. Sobrevivencia de Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) liberados en manzanos mediante diferentes métodos. 1er Simposio Chileno de Control Biológico, Chillán, 18-19 de agosto 2005.

19. DEVOTTO, L., AND M. GERDING. 2005. Crianza de Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Nuevo enemigo natural para Chile, de la polilla de la manzana (Cydia pomonella). ). 1er Simposio Chileno de Control Biológico, Chillán, 18-19 de agosto 2005.

20. DEVOTTO, L. AND M. GERDING. 2005. Control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) using the area-wide approach in Chile. In Book of Abstracts, International Conference on Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: Integrating the Sterile Insect and Related Nuclear and Other Techniques. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 9-13 de Mayo de 2005, Vienna, Austria.

21. ESTERBY, S., H. THISTLEWOOD, B. VERNON, AND S. SMITH. 2006. Case Study in Data Analysis: Variables related to codling moth abundance and the efficacy of the Okanagan Sterile Insect Release Program. Discussion: analysis of codling moth data from the Okanagan Sterile Insect Release Program. Canadian Journal of Statistics 34: 521-530

22. FUKOVA, I., P. NGUYEN, AND F. MAREC. 2005. Codling moth cytogenetics: karyotype, chromosomal location of rDNA, and molecular differentiation of sex chromosomes. Genome 48: 1083-1092.

23. FUKOVA, I., W. TRAUT, M. VITKOVA, P. NGUYEN, S. KUBICKOVA AND F. MAREC. 2006. Probing the W chromosome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, with sequences from microdissected sex chromatin. Chromosoma DOI 10.1007/s00412-006-0086-0.

24. GANDOLFI, M., L. MATTIACCI, AND S. DORN. 2003. Preimaginal learning determines adult response to chemical stimuli in a parasitic wasp. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B. Biological Sciences 270: 2623-2629.

25. GANDOLFI, M., L. MATTIACCI, AND S. DORN. 2003. Mechanisms of behavioral alterations of parasitoids reared in artificial systems. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29: 1871-1887.

26. GASPARYAN, S., A. TER-HOVHANNESYAN, AND A. AZIZYAN. 2004. Modeling of climate of Armenia: evaluation of malariogenic potential and

Appendix E.81

forecasting of insect population dynamics. US-IALE 2004. Poster Session: Modeling Species Patterns

27. GERDING, M., E. CISTERNAS, AND C. TORRES. 2002 Evaluation of Trichogramma nerudai against some lepidopteran pests in Chile. Egg parasitoids for biocontrol of insect pests. 6th International Symposium, 15-18 September, Perugia, Italy.

28. GERDING, M. 2003. Control Biológico Inundativo en Chile (conferencia) XXV Congreso Nacional de Entomologia Talca, 26-28 de noviembre 2003.

29. GU, H., J. HUGHES, AND S. DORN. 2006. Trade-off between mobility and fitness in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Ecological Entomology 31: 64-78.

30. HÄCKERMANN, J., A. S. ROTT, AND S. DORN. 2007. How two different host species influence the performance of a gregarious parasitoid: host size is not equal to host quality. Journal of Animal Ecology 76: 376-383.

31. HAUSMANN, C., L. MATTIACCI, AND S. DORN. 2005. Role of host feeding niches and host refuges in habitat-related behaviour of Hyssopus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of the codling moth. Bulletin of Entomological Research 95: 429-436.

32. HERN, A., AND S. DORN. 2004. A female-specific attractant for the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, from apple fruit volatiles. Naturwissenschaften 91: 77-80.

33. JUDD, G. J. R. 2005. Insights into codling moth mating behavior. Washington Horticultural Association Proceedings. 101:132-137.

34. JUDD, G. J. R., S. COCKBURN, C. EBY, M. G. T. GARDINER, AND S. WOOD, S. 2006. Diapause improves spring-time mating competitiveness of male codling moth mass-reared for a sterile insect programme. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 120: 161-166.

35. JUDD, G. J. R., AND M. G. T. GARDINER. 2004. Simultaneous disruption of pheromone communication and mating in Cydia pomonella, Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) using Isomate-CM/LR in apple orchards. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 101: 1-11.

36. JUDD, G. J. R. AND M. G. T. GARDINER. 2005. Towards eradication of codling moth in British Columbia by complimentary action of mating disruption, tree-banding and sterile insect technique: a five-year case study in organic orchards. Crop Protection 24: 718-733.

37. JUDD, G. J. R. AND M. G. T. GARDINER. 2006. Temperature, irradiation and handling as factors affecting spring-time flight activity and recapture of mass-reared male codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), released by the Okanagan-Kootenay sterile insect programme. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 103: 19-32.

38. JUDD, G. J. R. AND M. G. T. GARDINER. 2007. Efficacy of Isomate-CM/LR for managing codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by mating disruption in organic apple orchards in western Canada. Agricultural and Forest Entomology (in press).

39. JUDD, G. J. R., M. G. T. GARDINER, N. C. DELURY, AND G. KARG. 2005. Reduced antennal sensitivity, behavioural response and attraction of male codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.), to their pheromone (E,E)-8,10-dodecandien-1-ol following various pre-exposure regimes. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 114: 65-78.

Appendix E.82

40. JUDD, G. J. R., M. G. T. GARDINER, AND H. THISTLEWOOD. 2004. Seasonal variation in recapture of mass-reared sterile codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): implications for control by sterile insect technique. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 101: 21-35.

41. JUDD, G. J. R., H. THISTLEWOOD, M. G. T. GARDINER, AND B. L. LANNARD. 2006. Is lack of mating competitiveness in spring linked to mating asynchrony between wild and mass-reared male codling moth from an operational sterile insect programme? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 120: 113-124.

42. KOVALESKI, A., AND J. MUMFORD. 2007. PULLING OUT THE EVIL BY THE root. The codling moth eradication program in Brazil. In M. J. B. Vreysen, A. S. Robinson, and J. Hendrichs (Eds.) Area-Wide Control of Insect Pest. From research to field implementation. Springer Dordrecht, The Netherlands. (in press.)

43. KÜHRT, U., J. SAMIETZ, AND S. DORN. 2006. Thermal response in adult codling moth. Physiological Entomology 31: 80-88.

44. MAKEE, H., AND N. TAFESH. 2007. Sex chromosome pairing and heterochromatin body appearance in Cydia pomonella females. In: Vreysen, M. J. B., A. S. Robinson, and J. Hendrichs (eds.), Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests. From Research to Field Implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

45. MAREC, F., L. G. NEVEN, AND I. FUKOVA. 2007. Developing transgenic sexing strains for the release of non-transgenic sterile male codling moths Cydia pomonella. In: Vreysen M.J.B., A. S. Robinson, and J. Hendrichs (eds.) Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (in press).

46. MAREC, F., L. G. NEVEN, A. S. ROBINSON, M. VREYSEN, M. R. GOLDSMITH, J. NAGARAJU, AND G. FRANZ. 2005. Development of genetic sexing strains in Lepidoptera: from traditional to transgenic approaches. Journal of Economic Entomology. 98: 248-259.

47. MEDIOUNI, J., I. FUKOVA, R. FRYDRYCHOVA, M. H. DHOUIBI AND F. MAREC. 2004. Karyotype, sex chromatin and sex chromosome differentiation in the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Caryologia 57: 191-201.

48. MANSOUR, M. 2003. Population density of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the southern part of Syria. Polish Journal of Entomology. 72: 11-21.

49. MANSOUR, M AND F. MOHAMAD. 2006. Effects of gamma radiation on field performance of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) males. Eighth Arab Conference on the peaceful uses of Atomic Energy, 3-7 Dec. 2006, Amman, Jordan.

50. TER-HOVHANNESYAN, A. R. 2004. Ecologically determined differences in the insect-host plant relations between various populations of codling moth, pp. 38. 6th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, 26-30 September 2004, Italy.

51. TER-HOVHANNESYAN, A.R. 2005. Ecologically determined differences in the insect-host plant relations between various populations of codling moth. IOBC wprs Bulletin 28: 55-61.

Appendix E.83

52. TER-HOVHANNESYAN, A., AND A AZIZYAN. 2003. Interactions between plants and codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). Integrated Plant Protection in Fruit Crops, Arthropod Pests, IOBC wprs Bulletin 26: 91-96.

53. TER-HOVHANNESYAN, A. R.. AND A. A. AZIZYAN. 2004. Development of the IPM program in apple orchards by autosterilisation wild population of codling moth, pp. 95. 6th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, 26-30 September 2004, Italy.

54. TER-HOVHANNESYAN, A., AND A. AZIZYAN. 2005. Application of multifunctional method of codling moth control in apple orchards. Seventh international Conference on Pest in Agriculture, Montpelier, France, 26-27 October 2005, Agro Montpelier, France.

55. TER-HOVHANNESYAN, A. R., AND A. A. AZIZYAN. 2005. Development of the IPM program in apple orchards by autosterilisation wild population of codling moth. IOBC wprs Bulletin 28: 93-99.

56. THISTLEWOOD, H. M. A. 2004. Programas de erradicação e Area-wide management para Cydia pomonella no Canadá, pp. 144. In Proceedings: Applications of area-wide management and eradication techniques, for Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in Canada. XX Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia.

57. THISTLEWOOD, H., G. JUDD, AND M. CLODIUS. 2005. Pilot project for sustained management of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., with minimal SIT, in British Columbia, 2001- 2003. Proc. 6th Integrated Fruit Production Conference, Baselga di Pine, Italy, 2004. Intl. Organisation for Biological Control/WPRS Bulletin 28(7): 99-104.

58. TORRES, C., AND M. GERDING. 2003. Evaluación del parasitismo de cinco especies de Trichogramma bajo distintas humedades relativas XXV Congreso Nacional de Entomología Talca 26-28 de noviembre 2003.

59. TORRES, C., M. GERDING, AND L. DEVOTTO. 2005. Determinación de la capacidad de migración de la polilla de la manzana (Cydia pomonella) en Chile. XXVII Congreso Nacional de Entomología, Valdivia 23-25 de noviembre 2005.

60. VERNON, B., H. THISTLEWOOD, S. SMITH, AND T. KABALUK. 2006. Case Study in Data Analysis: Variables related to codling moth abundance and the efficacy of the Okanagan Sterile Insect Release Program. Introduction: a GIS application to improve codling moth management in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Statistics 34: 494-499.

61. ZHOU, Y., H. GU, AND S. DORN. 2005. Isolation of microsatellite loci in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Molecular Ecology Notes 5: 226-227.

Appendix E.84

CRP No. 1049 (D61023)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Testing the Efficiency and Uncertainty of Sample Processing for Analysis of Food Contaminants



Technologies and capacity building to identify good agricultural practices for the management of food and environmental hazards (b) Specific (CRP):

To strengthen analytical capabilities for testing pesticide residues and food contaminants and improve the accuracy of results; to elaborate and test the applicability of a quick and practical quality control process for the determination of the efficiency of various sample processing equipment; estimation of the uncertainty of sample processing; to determine the stability of analytes during sample processing; to facilitate compliance with the requirements of ISO 17025 Standard and thereby promote testing compliance with Codex and/or national limits according to current international requirements.


Simple and practical internal quality control procedures to determine the efficiency of sample processing; validated sampling processing methods and equipment; typical uncertainty values for sample processing methods and equipment; information on the efficiency of sample processing of representative commodities; information on the efficiency of sample processing equipment of different types; information on the stability of pesticides under processing conditions. (b) Others:

Distribution of results via publications in a special issue of a peer-reviewed issue scientific journal and the internet to accelerate laboratory accreditation in Member States; proposal for the inclusion of results into the recommended procedures of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues.



The specific objective of the CRP was reached to a lesser extent than planned. The anticipated number of reports submitted by the contract and agreement holders was not attained because some contracts were terminated before the end of the CRP due to the inactivity of some participants.

Appendix E.85


The CRP contributed to the overall subprogramme objective of enhancing Member State capabilities to reduce food safety hazards and protect the environment through nuclear and related analytical techniques. (c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

The CRP was adversely affected by the discontinued participation of some CRP participants. Five contract holders were terminated between 2002 and 2004 since no progress reports had been submitted and/or follow-up was not undertaken. Four participants delivered delayed progress reports and therefore, their participation was temporarily discontinued and only resumed after delayed reports had been submitted. Three out of four agreement holders did not submit any report during the entire CRP. One agreement holder, which had made valuable contributions until that time, discontinued work after the second RCM.

Impact of the CRP:

Publications arising from the CRP research activities have contributed in the dissemination of the research results including through the development and finalization of international standards through the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex Guidelines on Measurement Uncertainty (CAC/GL 54-2004) and the Codex Guidelines on Estimation of Uncertainty of Results (CAC/GL 59-2006)).

Relevance of the CRP: The topic addressed was of high relevance. Reporting of diverse analytical results continues to cause disagreement as to actual levels of contamination in food commodities. This is especially of concern in international food trade where the concentration of undesired contaminants frequently gives rise to disputes resulting in the rejection or re-export of foodstuffs. Differences observed in analytical values often depend on the method of homogenisation and extraction of target analytes from food matrices, e.g., in terms of the processing temperature. The outcomes of this CRP, including in terms of published results, sensitised Member States to the importance of various processing factors when applying unified analytical procedures, particularly in the case of compounds that are thermo-labile or prone to enzymatic degradation. This is especially relevant when intact crops are homogenized, but this factor has rarely been taken into consideration in method development and validation to date.

Recommended future action by Agency: The application of nuclear techniques, such as radiotracer applications, to precisely trace the fate of certain contaminants during homogenisation, extraction and clean-up of test samples, would add considerable value. Radiotracers would allow for much more precise results, thereby leading to more conclusive results than achievable using conventional analytical methodologies alone.

Resulting Publications: 1. FUSSELL RJ, HETMANSKI MT, MACARTHUR R, FINDLAY D, SMITH F,

AMBRUS A, BRODESSER PJ. 2007. “Measurement uncertainty associated with sample processing of oranges and tomatoes for pesticide residue analysis.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55(4):1062-70; more publications based on this topic issued by the respective research group.

2. SINGH D, et al. “Effect of sample processing on pesticide residues in orange.” Publication submitted to Journal of AOAC.

3. FENGMAO LIU, CONGYUN LIU, “Testing the Efficiency and Uncertainty of Sample Processing for Analysis of Food Contaminants.”

Appendix E.86

CRP No. 1346 (E13027)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Role of Radionuclide Techniques in the Diagnosis of Early Dementia

Section/Division: NAHU Period Covered: 2003-07-01 through 2007-12-14 Total Cost: € 221,226.38 Objectives of CRP:


To apply in vivo nuclear medicine procedures in the management of childhood diseases, cancer, coronary artery disease and degenerative disorders and to establish effective use of appropriate in vivo nuclear medicine procedures in clinical practice in developing Member States through Agency support. (b) Specific (CRP):

• To establish the role of cerebral perfusion SPECT in dementia in a multi-centre study • To establish the role of cerebral perfusion SPECT in the diagnosis of the early dementia

as well as mild cognitive disease using computer-assisted analysis using voxel-based morphometry

• To ascertain the role of quantitative analysis in cerebral perfusion SPECT using computer-assisted analysis using voxel-based morphometry

• To differentiate mild cognitive disease from early dementia by means of computer-assisted analysis using voxel-based morphometry

• To make a software of computer-assisted analysis using voxel-based morphometry


• Formation of the network of research centers to participate in the CRP • Establishment of a standardized protocol for the detection of dementia under the CRP

(b) Others:

• Publication of the achievements of the CRP in peer reviewed journals and/or in TECDOCs

• Presentations on achievement of the CRP at National and International scientific meetings and conferences

• Application of a cost-effective technique in routine clinical practice



A new software of computer-assisted analysis using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), called easy Z-score imaging system (eZIS) was developed. Compared with conventional parametric

Appendix E.87

mapping (SPM) the following main advantages of eZIS could be summarized: (1) A personal computer using Windows 2000 as operating system can run the eZIS, (2) A normal database of cerebral perfusion is applicable in each institute after correction of interinstitutional differences by means of measuring radioactivity in Hoffman phantom. After reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the standardized research protocol, 208 (132 patients, 76 normal controls) out of 245 subjects (157 patients, 88 normal controls) from Cuba, Czech Republic, Hungary, India were finally registered for the CRP. In 116 out of 132 patients with early dementia or mild cognitive disease (MCD), easy Z-score imaging system (eZIS), software of statistical parametric mapping, was able to detect abnormalities in form of a decreased cerebral perfusion (87.9%) whereby 86 patients were diagnosed by visual interpretation (65.2%). There was no significant difference in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) or the extent of the decrease in rCBF between early dementia and MCG. On conclusion, the eZIS indices, especially the rCBF ratio, may be useful in detecting decrease in cerebral perfusion rather than visual interpretations but not in establishing the differential diagnosis between early dementia and MCD. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

Considerable progress in diagnostic accuracy has been made using SPECT and PET in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Easy Z-score imaging system (eZIS), a computer-assisted analysis using voxel-based morphometry has been developed. Therefore, increasingly objective and reliable information on abnormalities in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) can be obtained. PET is more sensitive than SPECT in diagnosing early Alzheimer’s disease. However, the more widely available cerebral perfusion SPECT could be primarily used for imaging the clinical condition. SPECT offers the advantages of lower cost and greater ease of access, which may lead to a large increase in the number of cases being studied with the technique.

Impact of the CRP:

• The role of nuclear medicine technique with computer-assisted analysis using voxel-based morphometry for clinical management of patients with early dementia and MCD is scientifically recognized and strengthened.

• Revised clinical practices are increasingly applied for the diagnosis of dementia . • The CRP produced an evidence based role of nuclear medicine technique with computer-

assisted statistical analysis for the clinical management of patients with and had therefore a strong impact on specialists in neurology as well as nuclear medicine.

Relevance of the CRP: The term dementia is related to a large variety of diseases (degenerative, vascular and mixed forms). The most common clinical features are a progressive deterioration of specific cognitive functions such as language impairment (aphasia), motor skills (apraxia), perception (agnosia), impaired activities of daily living and altered patterns of behavior. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a degenerative form, is the most common cause of dementia (representing 50-65% of cases). Lewy body dementia (LBD) and vascular dementia (VD) are also common causes of dementia symptoms, with a frequency of 10-15% each. Dementia is a major clinical problem. The number of patients will dramatically increase in the next decades both in the developed and developing countries. The first clinical symptoms appear usually in the middle years and its incidence increases with age. In US and Western Europe approximately one in ten people over 65 years old, and nearly half of those over 85 years old is supposed to have dementia. It is estimated that more than 22 million individuals world-wide will have AD by 2025. It has to be considered that AD patients live an average of 8 years and may live as many as 20 years from the onset of symptoms. Including the costs of medical, long-term care, home care, and lost productivity for caregivers, expenses associated with AD are about $100 billion per year in the United States of America. Functional imaging with SPECT and PET has demonstrated abnormalities in cerebral perfusion and metabolism in patients with dementia. These abnormalities are related pathological

Appendix E.88

process such as vascular amylodosis, neuronal death due to reduced and/or absent regional perfusion. These techniques alone essentially match the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnoses in distinguishing AD from age-matched controls as well as LBD and VD. Recently new statistical analysis techniques are expected to enhance the power of early diagnosis as well as such differential diagnoses. If these techniques are used in conjunction with clinical criteria, significantly enhanced pre-morbid diagnoses can be obtained. Then this will provide superior diagnostic assistance for the management of patients with dementia, and also can significantly select patient for clinical trial and evaluate effects of therapeutic management. The possibility that cerebral perfusion defects evident with statistical methods that appear to be more sensitive that the visual analysis correlate with specific patterns of cognitive abnormalities permits enhanced patient management and treatment planning and improved longitudinal assessments of outcome.

Recommended future action by Agency: Make the eZIS software available to Member States

Resulting Publications: 1. C.A. SANCHEZ CATASUS., J. SAMPER., N. WATANABE., R. DIAZ., A. AGUILA.,

Y. GINARTE., E. BARROSO., R., RODRIGUEZ., J. LLIBRE., Y. FERNANDEZ., J. BOUZA., P. VALDES SOSA., S. TANADA., M. BEHARI. “Data That Could Support the ‘Cholonergic-Vascular’Hypothesis in Alzheimer Disease.” European Association of Nuclear Medicine Annual Congress Munich, Germany、October 11-15, 2008.

2. C.D. PATEL., M.R. NADIG., M. TRIPATHI., N. WATANABE. “Cerebral Perfusion

SPECT in Early Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Correlation with MMSE and Apo lipoprotein-E-Genotype.” Society of Nuclear Medicine 55th Annual Meeting New Orleans, Louisiana, June 14-18, 2008.

3. C.D. PATEL., M.R. NADIG., M. TRIPATHI., N. WATANABE. “Role of Tc-99m-

ECD-Brain SPECT in Evaluation of Patients with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Baseline and Follow-Up Study.” Joint Molecular Imaging Conference Providence, Rhode Island, September 8-11. 2007.

4. S. TANADA., N. WATANABE., C.A. SANCHEZ-CATASUS., O. KRAFT., T.

GYORKE., C. PATEL. “Statistical Analysis of Multi-Centre Study for the Coordinated Research Project of IAEA: Role of Radionuclide Techniques in the Diagnosis of Early Dementia.” Society of Nuclear Medicine 53rd Annual Meeting Washington D.C.,June 2-6, 2007.

5. S. TANADA., N. WATANABE., F. ALAM., Z. YAO., C.A. SANCHEZ. CATASUS,

O. KRAFT, T. GYORKE., C. PATEL, S. ONG., S. CHUNG. “Role of Radionuclide techniques in the Diagnosis of Early Dementia: Multi-Center Studies as Coordinated Research Project in IAEA: A Preliminary Report of the Statistical Analysis.” Society of Nuclear Medicine 53rd Annual Meeting San Diego, California, June 3-7, 2006.

6. C.D. PATEL., M. TRIPATHI., A. GARG., N. WATANABE. “Role of Tc-99m-ECD-

Brain SPECT in Evaluation of Patients with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Clinical Trial.” Society of Nuclear Medicine 53rd Annual Meeting San Diego, California, June 3-7, 2006.

Appendix E.89

CRP No. 1357 (E13028)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Standardisation and Quality Control of In-House Prepared Radiopharmaceuticals for Nuclear Oncology



To establish and standardise optimal in-house preparation protocols for new radio pharmacological techniques for use in the early diagnosis of cancer.

(b) Specific (CRP):

• To establish formulation for in-house protocols for the preparation of Annexin V, Pentavalent DMSA, Glucoheptonate and radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies such as tositumomab or ibritumomab prepared

• To establish Quality assurance protocols for such radiopharmaceuticals and to insure that each recipe is fit for routine human administration and is easy to prepare with good radiochemical purity and stability profile. (The robust formulation is required to insure wide scale application.)

• To develop quality parameters integral to each formulation and essential quality control before clinical use.

• To establish that each formulation has ideal radiopharmacology and pharmacokinetic profile through animal studies.

• Following basic science and experimental work the developed formulation will be subjected to limited clinical evaluation.

Outputs:

(a) Research:

• Most appropriate, practical and cost-effective recipe and procedures for in house formulation of Annexin V, Pentavalent DMSA, Glucoheptonate and radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies

• Quality assurance protocols for each formulation.

• Radiopharmacology and pharmacokinetics parameters for each formulation.

• Expertise for In-house formulation for routine clinical application in targeted centres.

Appendix E.90

(b) Others:

• Presentation of the results of the CRP at various national and international professional/scientific congresses.



The CRP remained focused on developing robust in-house protocols with suitable quality control for near patient dispensing of important clinical products such as radiolabelled Annexin V (cancer cell death –apoptosis), Pentavalent DMSA (onco-marker), Glucoheptonate (onco-marker), 99mTc-Herceptin (breast cancer) and radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies. Firstly the chief scientific investigators (CSIs) formed a research group in their respective centres consisting of a Nuclear medicine physician and a radio pharmacist/chemist with high competence and experience with nuclear oncology imaging. Next they established good laboratory standards and IAEA Operational Guide to hospital radiopharmacy based on IAEA Quality management in Nuclear Medicine. The CSIs experiences in the use of these IAEA documents (which were at the time under development) were essential in the finalization process. To ensure standardised approach at the first coordinated research meeting (RCM) the CSIs agreed on selection of ingredients, mode of arriving to a final or optimal formulation, methods of analyses, patient protocols and data evaluation in this CRP. The CRP was therefore able to deliver optimal methods, radiopharmacological details, further safety data, radiochemical profiles and reproducibility of analysis. The resultant in-house formulations were standardised, with high level of purity to deliver consistent patient results. This facilitated an easy transfer of these radiopharmaceuticals to the clinics for patients. The robust formulations were developed to insure wide scale application. All participating institutions obtained local institutional legal-ethical clearances. This was followed by patient investigation using these in-house formulations.

Experimental work continued until end 2005 and patient work started in earnest from 2006 until the end of the CRP. Radionuclide therapy is important in oncology and this CRP managed to standardize in-house protocols for radiolabelling of anti-CD20 antibodies with rhenium (188Re) and yttrium (90Y) for therapeutic applications. Both in-vitro and patient data were critically reviewed at the second RCM. The results were presented at national, regional and international meetings including IAEA conferences. Some CSIs also presented their work at the Asia Lancet meeting and managed to have it included into the world famous Lancet Oncology.

Due to the availability of DMSA III kit (either locally produced or acquired from commercial sources- already proven for human administration) most CSIs managed to standardize formulation of 99mTc-DMSA(V). In general, a kit containing DMSA 1.0 mg, 0.36-0.42 mg of SnCl2.2H2O with or without antioxidant ascorbic acid and stabilizers such as inositol or glucose. Mainly NaHCO3 and in one instance NaOH has been used to create alkaline reaction environment. Only one centre adopted O2 bubbling method routinely.

A variety of quality control (QC) methods were employed in this multi-national CRP including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrophoresis. Of the various techniques TLC and HPLC methods proved to be useful for identifying the possible species of 99mTc-DMSA(V), 99mTc-DMSA(III), free pertechnetate and reduced hydrolysed colloids. Radiochemical purities greater than 90% were achieved by most CSIs using optimized in-house formulations. Wide scale usage of this onco-marker is possible with in-house cost of less than $20.

This CRP is the first to demonstrate the three isomers and impurities. RadioHPLC chromatogram clearly delineate possible species formed during the reaction process 99mTc-DMSA(V) preparation; 3 isomers (syn- and endo-), one unknown species and free pertechnetate

Appendix E.91

(Figure 1). Figure 1. RadioHPLC of 99mTc-DMSA(V) showing 3 isomers, unknown species and free pertechnetate. The typical data - from the Algerian study.

Absolute correlation for 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-(V)DMSA was observed in prostate cancer. All types of osteoblastic tumours, benign or metastatic (prostate, osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma) had taken up the 99mTc-(V)DMSA. Though 99mTc-DMSA(V) is not considered as a bone seeking agent, 99mTc-DMSA(V) has been described to be concentrated by the secondary bone lesions of some cancers and that bone lesions observed in bone scan could be also seen in DMSA(V) scan. However it’s radiopharmacology and bone uptake mechanism is still unclear and was beyond the scope of this CRP. In addition, it would be useful to undertake comparative study with fluorine 18.

Clinical trial in the form of a feasibility study were carried out in the patients of biopsy proven lung carcinoma and head neck carcinoma during staging workup with the aim to evaluate tumour concentrating capability of DMSA (V) and in-vivo kinetics of tumour. The following clinical observations were made in these groups of patients, DMSA (V) concentrates in primary lung tumours, head & neck malignancies and bone metastasis, the optimum imaging time was 3 hrs post injection, tumour concentration increases with time, SPECT imaging and coupling with CT of the area of interest is desirable for better resolution of the lesion, the avidity of the bone lesions is much higher than the soft tissue lesion, because of predominant renal excretion this radiopharmaceutical is suitable for supra diaphragmatic lesions predominantly. Considering lung cancer is still a major global problem supplementary diagnostic tools could be very useful.

Labelling yield of 99mTc-GH was 98.8±0.5% (n=10). Quality control was repeated up to 6 h after labelling and no significant differences in radiochemical purity of the radiopharmaceutical. 29 patients of suspected lung carcinoma were evaluated after patient consent in histology confirmed malignancy. 28 studies were conducted in 10 patients of lung cancer for evaluation of treatment response (including the baseline studies in all). Corresponding changes in radiotracer concentration was compared to regression of lesions in CT scan. Standard radiological criteria of evaluation of response were followed in reporting of the CT scans during this time. Significant regression of tracer uptake as compared to baseline study was considered as partial response (PR) and no appreciable concentration as complete response (CR). The studies were conducted post 3 &/or 6 cycles of standard chemotherapeutic regimen and/or during follow-up. This approach with SPECT/CT could make significant impact to patient management, especially in locations where PET is unavailable.


The CRP has achieved all its objectives namely standardisation of hospital prepared radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear oncology. Many of the resultant radiopharmaceuticals are extremely cost effective and with proven safety profile. Most importantly they are available for direct support to cancer patients in the clinics using in-house protocols. With increase in availability of SPECT/CT even at district hospital level these tools can benefit many patients as PET tracer such as FDG are not accessible to the masses.

Undiscovered applications of in-house formulation of 99mTc-DMSA (V) and 99mTc-glucarate in lung cancer drew significant peer interest. Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of death due to cancer through out the world in both men and women. Early detection and treatment of this disease can lead to improved survival and outcome. This bottom upward approach is a real demonstration and significance of IAEA’s CRP and global effort. A TEC-DOC providing more details of protocols and results could benefit from finalization.

Besides developing radiopharmacology and radiopharmaceuticals for cancer diagnosis and treatment, the CSIs contributed to patient care and management with the introduction of better hospital preparations operations and quality management systems. The CSIs acknowledged that small investments in improving hospital radiopharmacy practices enabled them to locally prepare a wide range of radio-diagnostic and even therapies which otherwise would not be available to them for patient care. Further a significant saving amounting to a few thousand

Appendix E.92

dollars per year was possible using in-house protocols. Similarly, saving on in-house therapies could save ten of thousands as the cost of each commercial dose of radiolabelled anti-CD20 is over $20,000 per dose. Lack of availability and cost would make these therapies prohibitive to most countries. The cost of in-house products is less than a hundredth of the price and most importantly available at hospital level. In-house preparations are much needed for widening the use of radionuclide therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.

Impact of the CRP: Standardisation of hospital prepared radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear oncology could instantly provide many centres with essential radio diagnostics and therapeutics. These would be extremely cost effective, with proven safety profile, and available at clinical levels; directly under the control of nuclear physicians. 80% of all CSIs have continued to use the know-how from this CRP for routine clinical applications. Therefore the impact is significant since many of these radiopharmaceuticals are for common cancers including bone metastasis from medullary thyroid carcinoma, lung cancer, prostate, breast, primary head and neck tumors naso-pharynx, lymphoma, GI, ovarian cancer and benign tumors. If replicated at global level this would significantly strengthen cancer management programme in many countries.

Relevance of the CRP: Every Nuclear medicine centre around the world faces daily challenges with a lack or short of radiopharmaceuticals. Since 50% of all workload relates to nuclear oncology, the availability of radiopharmaceuticals essential for nuclear oncology (both radio diagnostics and therapeutics) and the in-house approach are vital for delivering effective patient care. Increasing costs and budget limitation are reality all around the world. These ever challenging situations require a robust approach and one solution is to strengthen hospital radiopharmacy practices. By introducing better hospital quality management systems and radiopharmacy practices many centres could instantly benefit from in-house methodologies. Standardisation of hospital prepared radiopharmaceuticals would be extremely cost effective. Translational CRPs in the use of in-house hospital protocols for radiolabelled Annexin V (cancer cell death –apoptosis), Pentavalent DMSA (onco-marker), Glucoheptonate (onco-marker) and radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies are valuable in the fight against common cancers and supporting patient care. Coupling this approach with the wider use of SPECT/CT could significantly raise the impact and serve millions. These could be invaluable in many countries where new technologies such as PET are not available or affordable by the masses.


This type of CRP is invaluable to over majority of all developing Nuclear medicine facilities. Further comparisons are needed using hybrid technologies i.e. SPECT/CT and even PET. The economic argument for standardised in-house approach is a significant driver for serving millions of cancer patients with continued reliable supply of essential nuclear oncology radio diagnostics and therapeutics.


1. PARTHA S CHOUDHURY, EDUARDO SAVIO, KISHOR K SOLANKI, AMITA GUPTA1, DINESH DOVAL, TEJINDER KATARIA, ASHOK VAID, PARVEEN SHARMA1, VIJAY GUPTA,“99mTc-Glucarate, a potential radiopharmaceutical for assessment of tumor viability : from bench to the bed side.” The Lancet Asia conference 2007.

2. All contract and agreement holders presented the initial results in the International Symposium

on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals (ISTR-2005) held during Nov 2005 at Vienna Austria

3. GAMBINI, JUAN P.; CABRAL, PABLO; SANTANDER, GIANEYA; CANEPA, JORGE; ANDRUSKEVICIUS, PATRICIA; PIUMA, LOURDES; SAVIO, EDUARDO; DELGADO, LUCÍA; QUAGLIATA, ADRIANA; ALONSO, OMAR, “99mTc-Glucarate as a potential novel

Appendix E.93

tracer of lung cancer lesions.” Alasbimn Journal - Year 9, Number 34, October 2006 Article N° AJ34-3

4. CABRAL P. et al “Desarrollo de un juego de reactivos de 99mTc-Glucarato y evaluación en un modelo animal con tumor espontáneo”. 1er Congreso Chileno de Medicina Nuclear, Santiago, Chile, November 2004.

5. TRINDADE V. et al. “Estudio de la viabilidad corneal mediante el empleo de 99m Tc-glucarato”. Jornadas de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Montevideo, Uruguay, November 2004.

6. GAMBINI JP et al. “99mTc-Glucarato como radiotrazador de cáncer de mama inducido por

nitrosometilurea en ratas”. XX Congreso de ALASBIMN, Uruguay, December 2005. 7. TOLEDO M. ANDRUSKEVICIUS M., FERNÁNDEZ P SALAZAR S.TAMOSIUNAS G.

SAVIO E. “Estudio de 99mTc-glucarato en modelo de isquemia/repercusión de langendorff en rata. Ures MC”. XX Congreso de ALASBIMN, Punta del Este, Uruguay, December 2005.

8. CABRAL, PABLO, ROBLES, ANA, PIUMA, LOURDES, GAMBINI, JUAN PABLO.,

BALTER, HENIA, SAVIO, EDUARDO. “99mTc Herceptin: potencial radiofármaco para la evaluación de la sobreexpresión de HER2 en tumores.” XX ALASBIMN Congress, Punta del Este, Uruguay, December 2005.

9. CABRAL, PABLO; SAVIO, EDUARDO. et al. “Marcado del anticuerpo monoclonal anti-

HER2 (Herceptin) con 99mTc por método directo.” Alasbimn Journal 8(31): January 2006. 10. LEYVA R, HERNÁNDEZ I, ZAMORA M, BECKFORD D. “188Re-labelled anti-CD20

monoclonal antibody: Labelling and quality control.” International Symposium on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals (ISTR-2005), Vienna Austria, November 2005

11. LEYVA R, HERNÁNDEZ I, ZAMORA M, BECKFORD D. “188Re-labelled anti-CD20

monoclonal antibody: Labelling and quality control.” III International Seminar, III National Workshop. Use and development of health-related industrial isotope products, Havana, Cuba, March 2006.

12. PERERA A., LEYVA R., PRATS A., HERNÁNDEZ A., HERNÁNDEZ I., LEÓN M,

ZAMORA M., “Marcaje y biodistribución en ratas del 188Re-DMSA(V) [Labelled and biodistribution in rats of 188Re-DMSA(V)].” III International Symposium on Chemistry, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, June 2007.

13. PERERA A, LEYVA R, GAMBOA R, XIQUES A, PRATS A, ZAMORA M, ALBERDI L.

“Método para el marcaje directo del anticuerpo monoclonal humanizado h-R3 con 188Re. [Method for direct labelling of the humanised monoclonal antibodie h-R3 with 188Re].” International Scientific Congress CNIC 2005, Havana, Cuba, June 2005.

14. PERERA A, TORRES LA, LÓPEZ G, CASACÓ A, BATISTA JF, PEÑA Y, et al. “188Re-

Labelled Anti-EGFr Humanised Monoclonal Antibody h-R3 for radioimmunotherapy of gliomas.” III International Symposium on Chemistry, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, June 2007.

15. PERERA A, TORRES LA, LÓPEZ G, CASACÓ A, BATISTA JF, PEÑA Y, et al. “ 188Re-

Labelled Anti-EGFr Humanised Monoclonal Antibody h-R3 for radioimmunotherapy of Gliomas.” International Conference on Radiopharmaceutical Therapy (ICRT-2007), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, September 2007.

16. PERERA A, TORRES LA, LOPEZ G, CASACO A, BATISTA JF, PEÑA Y, et al. “Use of

188Re-Labelled Anti-EGFr Humanised Monoclonal Antibody h-R3 for radioimmunotherapy of Gliomas.” International Scientific Congress, CNIC 2005, Havana, Cuba, June 2005.

Appendix E.94

17. “Farmacocinética y dosimetría interna del anticuerpo humanizado h-R3 marcado con 188Re

para el tratamiento locoregional de tumores cerebrales. Resultados preliminares. [Pharmacokinetics and internal dosimetry of the humanised monoclonal antibody h-R3 labelled with 188Re for the locoregional treatment of brain tumours. Preliminary results]”

18. TORRES LA, PERERA A, BATISTA JF, HERNÁNDEZ A, CROMBET T, RAMOS M et al.

“Phase I/II clinical trial of the humanised anti-EGF-r monoclonal antibody h-R3 labelled with 99mTc in patients with Tumours of Epithelial Origin.” VI Congreso de la Sociedad Cubana de Bioingeniería [VI Congress of Cuban Bioengineer Society], Havana, Cuba, July 2005.

19. TORRES LA, COCA MA, PERERA A, HERNÁNDEZ A, BATISTA JF, PEÑA Y, et al.

“Radioinmunoterapia loco-regional de gliomas con el anticuerpo monoclonal humanizado h-R3 marcado con 188Re. Biodistribución y dosimetría. [Locoregional radioinmunotheraphy of gliomas with humanised monoclonal antibody h-R3 labelled with 188Re. Biodistribution and dosimetry].” International Symposium on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals (ISTR 2005), Vienna, Austria, November 2005.

20. TORRES LA, COCA MA, BATISTA JF, CASACÓ A, LOPEZ G, GARCIA I.

“Biodistribution and internal dosimetry of the 188Re labeled humanized monoclonal antibody anti-epidermal growth factor receptor nimotuzumab in the locoregional treatment of malignant gliomas.” Nuclear Med Comm. 2007.

Appendix E.95

CRP No. 1310 (E13029)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Evaluation of a Single Utilization of Pulmonary Perfusion Scintigraphy in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism



Applying in vivo nuclear medicine procedures in the management of childhood diseases, cancer, coronary artery disease, and degenerative disorders (b) Specific (CRP):

• To improve the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) using a radionuclide technique

• To compare two different diagnostic algorithms of pulmonary scintigraphy for acute PE: PISA-PED and PIOPED

• To find a radionuclide technique that is cost effective for PE


• Formation of the network of research centers to participate in the CRP • Establishment of a standard protocol for pulmonary scintigraphic diagnosis for suspected

acute PE under the CRP (b) Others:

• Publication of the achievements of the CRP in peer reviewed journals and/or in TECDOCs

• Presentations on achievement of the CRP at National and International scientific meetings and conferences

• Application of a cost-effective technique in routine clinical practice Effectiveness of CRP:


A total of 201 patients with clinical suspicion of acute PE from CZR, IND, SLO, TUR, URU were examined by means of ECG, blood chemistry, chest X-ray, pulmonary ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy and CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) following a standard clinical protocol established at the 1st RCM on Nov 2004. The clinical follow-up time was 6-12 months to assess the clinical outcome. Pulmonary perfusion scans and CTPA films were reviewed by nuclear medicine and radiology specialists, blinded to each others` results.

Appendix E.96

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) was diagnosed on clinical grounds in 122 of the 201. Positive CTPA was found in 116 patients with suspected PE. Sixty-one of the 201 patients were classified as indeterminate cases using PISA-PED criteria, while the same happened in 42 in case using PIOPED. Based on CTPA investigation, the sensitivity and specificity of PISAPED was 89.7% and 62.3% respectively while that of PIOPED was 76.4% and 87.1%. The CRP concluded that ventilation study could specifically address cold areas in pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy (perfusion defects) and therefore recommended that in patients with suspected PE pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy be used and interpreted using PIOPED criteria as it proved more effective than the sue of pulmonary perfusion scan alone as suggested with PISA-PED. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

There is considerable international variability in the diagnostic approach to investigate PE based on cost, availability of technology, and training of clinicians. It is however necessary for everyone (referring physician, nuclear medicine specialist and radiologist alike) to be judicious in the use of imaging technology. It is the clinical community’s responsibility to ensure that population exposure to ionizing radiation is kept as low as possible and commensurate with accurate diagnosis. Despite the great technical advances in MDCT, it is considered that lung scintigraphy is not redundant and has instead a clearly defined role. It is felt that it is important to re-emphasize the radiation-sparing nature of scintigraphy in certain patient groups (c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

Slow patient recruitment and poor adherence to study protocol detracted from the effectiveness of the CRP.

Impact of the CRP: • The impact of the CRP is considered as positive as the role of ventilation/perfusion

scanning for clinical management of a subgroup of patients suspected with acute PE is scientifically recognized and strengthened.

• A comprehensive radiological management for patients with suspected acute PE is accepted and stressed.

• The hypothesis that a simplified pulmonary perfusion scan adopting the PISA-PED criteria could be applied for clinical management of patients suspected with acute PE was found to be of less value therefore cannot be recommend just on the basis of economic consideration for clinical practice. However, revised clinical practices are increasingly applied for patients with suspected PE.

Relevance of the CRP: Pulmonary embolism (PE), which commonly results from deep venous thrombosis (DVT), is a relative common and potentially fatal disease which however can be treated efficiently if correctly diagnosed shortly after the appearance of symptoms. For a very long time pulmonary ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy with the conventional diagnostic algorithm of PIOPED has played an important role for the diagnosis of PE. The diagnostic algorithm of PIOPED, however, requires both ventilation and perfusion scanning and proved very specific but somehow its sensitivity was unsatisfactory, mostly because of the high number of indeterminate results. The recent introduction of multi-slice computed tomography and its application to pulmonary angiography (Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography: CTPA) has allowed a more precise and accurate diagnosis due to the direct visualization of emboli as well as the detection of lung parenchymal abnormalities. However, due to its high cost the utilization of CTPA faces currently limitations in particular in developing Member States (MSs).

Appendix E.97

In an attempt to minimize costs and speed the procedure, a diagnostic algorithm called PISAPED, where diagnosis is based only on pre-test clinical probability and pulmonary perfusion scanning findings, has been tested and suggested as an alternative. This CRP produced evidence of the role of nuclear medicine technique for the clinical management of patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and will have therefore an impact on specialists dealing with PE, pneumonologists, cardiologists, radiologists as well as nuclear medicine physicians.

Resulting Publications: 1. REID, J.H., COCHE, E.E., INOUE, T., KIM, E.E., DONDI, M., WATANABE, N.,

MARIANI, G. “Is the lung scan alive and well? Facts and controversies in defining the role of lung scintigraphy for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the era of MDCT.” Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009; 36:505-21.

2. WATANABE, N., FETTICH J., KUCUK, N.M., KRAFT, O., MUT, F., CHOUDRY, P., SHARMA, S., ENDO, K., DONDI, M. “Prospective comparision between PIOPEC and PISA-PED scintigraphic interpretations for acute pulmonary thromboembolism”, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Coordinated Research Project- (Finalizing the draft).

Scientific Presentations at National and International Conferences:

1. N. WATANABE., N. KUCUK., J. FETTICH., P. CHOUDHURY., F. MUT., O. KRAFT., K. ENDO., S. SHARMA., M. DONDI. “Prospective Comparision of PISAPED and PIOPED Scintigraphic Interpretations for Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism” -IAEA Coordinated Research Project- Society of Nuclear Medicine 56th Annual Meeting. Toronto, Canada, June 13-17, 2009.

2. J. FETTICH, N. WATANABE, M. DOLENJSEK, A. SKRALOVNIK, L. LEZAIC,

“Diagnostic Value of PIOPED and PISAPED Criteria and CT Pulmonary Angiography in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism.” 6th International Congress of the Croatian Society of Nuclear Medicine. May 9-12, 2008.

3. N. WATANABE., N. KUCUK., J. FETTICH., P. CHOUDHURY., F. MUT., O.

KRAFT., K. ENDO., S. SHARMA., M. DONDI. “Comparative Study on Scintigraphic Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism Based on Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography: Multi-Centre Study for IAEA Coordinated Research Project.” European Congress of Radiology Vienna, Austria, March 7-11 2008.

4. N. WATANABE., N. KUCUK., J. FETTICH., P. CHOUDHURY., F. MUT., O.

KRAFT., K. ENDO., S. SHARMA., M. DONDI. “Comparison of Scintigraphic Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism: Multi-Centre Study for IAEA Coordinated Research Project.” Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Copenhagen, Denmark, October 13-17, 2007.

5. J. FETTICH, N. WATANABE. “Value of Perfusion Scintigraphy, V/Q Scintigraphy and

CTPA in Detection of Acute PE.” 9th Congress of World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology Seoul, Korea, October 22-27, 2006

Appendix E.98

CRP No. 1348 (E21005)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Harmonization of Quality Practices for Nuclear Medicine Radioactivity Measurements



To enhance the safety and effectiveness of nuclear medicine practice by developing and implementing consistent quality control and audit procedures for clinical radioactivity measurements in radiopharmacies and clinics in Member States, to possibly be implemented through a newly-established secondary standards laboratory network. (b) Specific (CRP):

• To develop and test standardized protocols for the measurement of the amount of radioactivity contained in radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine procedures in clinics and radiopharmacies.

• To develop procedures for radioactivity measurement audits in secondary laboratories, radiopharmacies, and nuclear medicine clinics in Member States.

• To conduct baseline assessments of measurement capabilities for assaying radiopharmaceuticals for amount of radioactivity in clinics, as well as to assess the ability of secondary laboratories to carry out the procedures developed in this Programme

Outputs:

• TRS-454: a Standard Code of Practice for routine clinical radioactivity measurement QA using available instrumentation, primarily re-entrant ionisation chambers.

• At least 18 publications in international peer-reviewed journals.

• A new publication providing specific guidance for radioactivity measurement in a clinical setting. Includes new recommendations for implementation of secondary standards radioactivity laboratory network and specific measurement protocols for activity calibrator measurements.



Each of the specific objectives was achieved. The information gathered and the procedures developed under the project have been disseminated in various formats to Member States. Areas for improvement have been identified and recommendations proposed within the two Agency publications noted above.

Appendix E.99


The necessary procedures and guidance documents have been produced as a result of the CRP. This forms a foundation on which future training activities can be built.

Impact of the CRP: TRS-454 has already been adopted in many countries. Additionally, the comparison exercises carried out under the CRP increased recognition of the Agency within the radionuclide metrology community, including the Agency’s role in supporting metrology activities in developing countries.

Relevance of the CRP: The information provided from this CRP is timely, as an increasing number of laboratories continue to express and interest in providing radioactivity calibrations and measurement support in their countries.

Recommended future action by Agency: Several specific recommendations for Agency consideration have been put forth in the above-mentioned Human Health Series publication. As an overall recommendation, however, the Agency is strongly recommended to follow up on this CRP by using its outputs to develop educational materials that can be used to assist new laboratories and to continue promoting good measurement practice in all nuclear medicine activities. The Agency is also recommended to maintain a presence in the radionuclide metrology by organising at least one comparison every two years and by ensuring that the appropriate representatives are named to attend meetings of the Consultative Committee on Ionising Radiation, section II (CCRI(II)) and the International Committee on Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM).

Resulting Publications: 1. DAMASCENO, A.L., IWAHARA, A., DA SILVA, M.A.L., AND ESTRADA, J.J.S “Activity characterization of 192Ir brachytherapy wires”, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 269 (2006) 317-323.

2. DA SILVA, M.A.L., POLEDNA, R., IWAHARA, A., DA SILVA, C.J., DELGADO, J.U., AND LOPES, R.T. “Standardization and decay data determinations of 125I, 54Mn, and 203Hg”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 (2006) 1440-1445.

3. DOS SANTOS, J.A., IWAHARA, A., NICOLI, I.G., CORREA, R.S., ALABARSE, F.G., DOS SANTOS, C.E.L., XAVIER, A.M., GARCIA, E.J., TAUHATA, L., AND LOPES, R.T. “Implementation of a national metrology network of radionuclides used in nuclear medicine”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 (2006) 1114-1118.

4. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Quality Assurance for Radioactivity Measurement in Nuclear Medicine, Technical Report Series 454, IAEA, Vienna (2006).

5. OLSOVCOVA, V. AND HAVELKA, M. “Monte Carlo calculations of calibration and geometry correction factors of a radionuclide calibrator”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 (2006) 1370-1374.

6. SAHAGIA, M. “Standardization of 99mTc”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2006) 1234-1237.

7. ZIMMERMAN, B.E., HERBST, C., NORENBERG, J.P., AND WOODS, M.J. “International guidance on the establishment of quality assurance programmes for radioactivity measurement in nuclear medicine”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 64 (2006) 1142-1146.

8. DE ALMEIDA, M.C.M., IWAHARA, A., POLEDNA, R., DA SILVA, C.J., AND DELGADO, J.U. “Absolute disintegration rate and 320 keV emission probability of 51Cr”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A. 580 (2007) 165-168.

Appendix E.100

9. TASTAN, S., KUCUK, O., IBIS, E., AND KIR, K.M., “Calibration of I-131 in dose calibrators routinely used in nuclear medicine departments”, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imag., 34 (2007) S410.

10. DA SILVA, C.J., IWAHARA, A., POLEDNA, R., BERNARDES, E.M.DE O., DE PRINZIO, M.A.R.R., AND LOPES, R.T. “Standardization of 67Ga, 51Cr, and 55Fe by live-times anticoincidence counting with extending deadtime”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2008) 231-235.

11. JOSEPH, L., ANURADHA, R., AND KULKARNI, D.B. “Quality audit programme for 99mTc and 131I radioactivity measurements with radionuclide calibrators”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2008) 994-997.

12. OROPESA VERDECIA, P., LEON, Y.M., HERNANDEZ, A.T., AGUILAR, R.A.S., DIAZ, I.G., CORONA, C.V., AND IWAHARA, A., “Comparacion de la medicion de actividad de 131I com activmetros en medicina nuclear en Cuba”, Nucleus, 43 (2008) 14-20.

13. OROPESA P., WOODS, M.J., OLSOVCOVA, V., DOS SANTOS, J.A. “Radionuclide calibrator comparisons and quality improvement in nuclear medicine”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2008) 353-361.

14. SAHAGIA, M., RAZDOLESCU, A.C., IVAN, C., AND LUCA, A. “Assurance of the traceability chain for 131I measurement”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2008) 539-544.

15. TAUHATA, L., IWAHARA, A., DE OLIVERA, A.E., REZENDE, E.A., DELGADO, J.U., DA SILVA, C.J., DOS SANTOS, J.A., NICOLI, I.G., ALABARSE, F.G., AND XAVIER, A.M., “Proficiency tests in the determination of activity of radionuclides in radiopharmaceutical products measured by nuclear medicine services in 8 years of comparison programmes in Brazil”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2008) 981-987.

16. ZIMMERMAN, B.E., MEGHZIFENE, A. AND SHORTT, K.R. “Establishing measurement traceability for national laboratories: Results of an IAEA comparison of 131I”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66 (2008) 954-959.

17. OROPESA VERDECIA, P. AND KOSSERT, K. “Activity standardization of 131I at CENTIS-DMR and PTB within the scope of a bilateral comparison”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67 (2009) 1099-1103.

18. OLSOVCOVA, V., IWAHARA, A., OROPESA, P., JOSEPH, L., RAVINDRA, A., GHAFOORI, M., SON, H-.K., SAHAGIA, M., TASTAN, S., AND ZIMMERMAN, B. “National comparison of 131I measurement among nuclear medicine clinics of eight countries”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. (2009), in press

19. ZIMMERMAN, B.E., PALM, S. ”Results of an international comparison of 57Co”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. (2009), in press.

20. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, TRS-454 “Quality Assurance for Radioactivity Measurement in Nuclear Medicine”.

Appendix E.101

CRP No. 1361 (E21006)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Testing of the Implementation of the Code of Practice for Dosimetry in X-Ray Diagnostic Radiology



To assist SSDLs and hospitals in Member States in providing calibrations of equipment and conducting dosimetry measurements in the field of x-ray diagnostic radiology. (b) Specific (CRP):

• Testing the establishment of calibration facilities for diagnostic x-rays and the calibration of selected instruments.

• Testing measurement procedures with phantoms and on patients in hospitals. • Publication of a TECDOC that will contain the results of experiments as well as suggestions

for the practical implementation of the procedures described in the CoP.


To achieve these objectives, parallel research activities were undertaken within the CRP and have been characterised as either SSDL or hospital activities. However in some cases it was pleasing to find that activities had a greater intersection than anticipated:

SSDLs:

• Establishment of calibration facility following guidelines in the CoP. This includes calibration beams and procedures:

• Establishment of uncertainty budget for SSDLs calibrations.

• Comparison of calibration of diagnostic dosimeters and kVp meters.

Hospitals

• Implementation of measurements procedures for dosimetry in general radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, computed tomography and dental radiography. This includes measurements with phantoms as well as on patients.

• Establishment of an uncertainty budget for clinical measurements.

• Calibration of KAP meters in the hospital.

• TLD audit of diagnostic dosimetry measurements

Appendix E.102

(b) Others:

A major outcome of the project was the realisation there is great benefit in SSDL personnel understanding more of the clinical applications of the dosimeters they calibrate and similarly that clinical physicists also benefit from a more rigorous understanding of instrument calibration.



• The project demonstrated that the advice on the establishment of calibration facilities for diagnostic x rays, as found in TRS 457, is effective to this end. This was demonstrated by the establishment of beam qualities, procedures and uncertainty budgets by the participants. Further knowledge was gained in some areas of calibration, notably in mammography and for KAP meters, where the interface with clinical centres highlighted the need for consideration of extended beam qualities to cover the required applications of dosimetry in the clinical environment.

• The project demonstrated that the advice on the measurement procedures for phantoms and the procedures for the collection of data for the estimation of patient dose required in the clinical environment, as found in TRS 457, are effective to this end. This was demonstrated by the response of the participants in being able to determine clinical doses with the use of phantoms or through the collection and analysis of patient data, for 5 central modalities. The concept of uncertainty budget was expanded by the participants to give a more full treatment for clinical scenarios and was identified as an area where future work should focus, especially in the area where the dose of a collection of patients is required. A number of advanced areas in dosimetry were identified where future work could continue, including the area of paediatrics.

• A document will be submitted for the new Human Health Series on the findings of the CRP (see below).


The area of calibration of diagnostic radiology instruments is new for the agency and also for the SSDL network. International guidance in this field was published only a few years ago. The project therefore confirmed that the developed documentation is suitable for the implementation of this calibration at SSDLs. In some areas some notes have been made in the final publication of results that may further assist Member States in the practical implementation of calibration for diagnostic radiology at SSDLs. Further the project has demonstrated the advantages of SSDL facilities becoming familiar with clinical needs and tailoring their services to meet these needs. TRS 457 was also demonstrated to give a unified international approach to the area of clinical dosimetry in diagnostic radiology. This was demonstrated for 5 central modalities. It was further observed that the rapid change in technology of diagnostic radiology equipment requires continuing monitoring of dosimetric methods. This is especially true in the high dose area of computed tomography where accuracy in the methodologies of dose estimation will have a significant contribution to the control of high doses for patients. The project also demonstrated that clinical medical physicists would benefit from an improved understanding of calibration and calculation of uncertainty as outlined in TRS 457. (c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

A number of factors had an adverse effect on the project. • The amount of time necessary to fully establish a calibration facility for diagnostic x rays

(as recommended in TRS457) was underestimated, thus, the SSDLs found it challenging to complete all activities within the scope of the project.

• The area of kVp meter evaluation and the use of the measurement quantity peak practical voltage (PPV) was not completed, due in part to the factors mentioned above, but also to the lack of experience, published or otherwise, with the concept of PPV. At the end

Appendix E.103

there was no participant with the capacity to fulfil this activity, however it was discussed extensively. As a final analysis, while it may be interesting to investigate this area further, it has been recognised that the influence of kVp evaluation on dosimetry for either SSDLs or clinical facilities may not warrant a large allocation of resources.

• The use of TLDs as a method of dosimetry for diagnostic radiology application was an activity undertaken by 10 participants. However, only one participant conducted all measurements. Unexplained inconsistencies in the results were identified and this required that the activity be re focussed and sections repeated. At the second attempt some inconsistencies remained and it was not possible to verify the usefulness of TLD measurement as a practical tool for dosimetry audits in diagnostic radiology. It was observed that TLD work in dosimetry requires specialised facilities and that it can be particularly challenging at the beam energies used in diagnostic radiology. Consequently most practical dosimetry, outside of specialised facilities, does not include TLD. At this stage it is not planned to investigate this form of dosimetry further for diagnostic radiology application.

Impact of the CRP:

• CRP participants which are SSDLs were able to establish calibration facilities for diagnostic radiology dosimetry equipment, which can service the country they serve. Participants from both a clinical background and from an SSDL have the benefit of increased knowledge in dosimetric process which will impact local practice.

• Longer term impact will be seen with the communication of knowledge gained from the project through publication and teaching on a local and international level.

• The CRP has contributed to work under the Human Health Programme and a clear direction for future work has been determined. This will impact future work designed to strengthen work in dosimetry in diagnostic radiology. Such areas of work include calibration of equipment needed for dosimetry in CT and interventional radiology and development and dispersion of procedures in patient dosimetry including areas of paediatrics and organ dose.


It is clear that the dose from radiology is of continual concern due to the documented patient doses from clinical facilities and also from the percent this dose gives to the total of man made dose, thus, it follows that dose estimations should be reliable and be made with calibrated equipment. It is these points that are addressed by this CRP. The CRP demonstrated that agency advice (TRS 457) is useful and sufficient for basic clinical diagnostic radiology dosimetry. Further action is needed to address the advanced areas of dosimetry that describe the dose received from developing technologies, which are also increasingly responsible for the majority of the dose from radiology facilities.

Recommended future action by Agency: In general, the recommendations are to extend the work of the Agency into advanced areas of dosimetry for diagnostic radiology, not presently fully covered by TRS 457. Whilst this is more noticeable for the clinical areas, there are still areas of calibration at the SSDL where future action is applicable.

Resulting Publications: The document ‘Implementation of the International Code of Practice on Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology (TRS 457): Review of testing results’ has been completed and was externally reviewed.

Publications and presentations by project members on some outcomes of the project:

Appendix E.104

1. HOURDAKIS, C.J., BOZIARI, A., KOUMBOULI, E., The effect of a compression paddle on energy response, calibration and measurement with mammographic dosimeters using ionization chambers and solid-state detectors, Phys Med Biol 54 4 (2009) 1047-59.

2. TOROI, P., KOSUNEN, A., The energy dependence of the response of a patient dose

calibrator, Phys. Med. Biol. 54 (2009) 151-156. 3. TOROI, P., KOMPPA, T., KOSUNEN, A., TAPIOVAARA, M., Effects of radiation quality

on the calibration of kerma-area product meters in x-ray beams, Phys. Med. Biol. 53 (2008) 5207–5221.

4. PELLET, S., GICZI, F., MCLEAN, I.D., MEGHZIFENE, A., "Testing of the Implementation

of the Code of Practice on Dosimetry in X-ray Diagnostic Radiology – Hungarian Contribution ", 12th international congress of the International Radiation Protection Association (Proc. Conf. Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2008).

5. MCLEAN, D., MEGHZIFENE, A., PERNICKA, F., "Application of international standards to

Diagnostic Radiology Dosimetry", European Congress of Radiology (Proc. Conf. Vienna, 2009).

Appendix E.105

CRP No. 308 (E24014)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Development of Procedures for in vivo Dosimetry in Radiotherapy



The overall objective of this CRP was to assist participating Member States in developing and evaluating procedures for in vivo dosimetry for patients undergoing radiation therapy. This CRP had an emphasis on patient studies, including the evaluation of clinical results in vivo dosimetry and comparing different techniques for in vivo dosimetry in a clinical setting.

(b) Specific (CRP):

• To perform in vivo dosimetry studies of patients using established techniques, such as thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) or semiconductor diodes.

• To determine physical characteristics of metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters for in vivo dosimetry.

• To develop appropriate build-up caps for TLD and OSL in vivo dosimeters. • To perform patient studies with MOSFET and OSL. • To perform comparative analysis of new and established techniques for in vivo dosimetry


A new methodology and procedures for in vivo dosimetry have been developed with active input of CRP participants. A series of dosimetry measurements were performed within the CRP, involving the characterization of four in vivo dosimetry systems under study. Based on the results of the measurements, a comparative analysis was done indicating dosimeter properties particularly suitable for use in specific clinical situations. A set of written guidelines for clinical use of a given in vivo dosimetry system with a list of possible restrictions and special considerations was developed that was adapted by institutions participating in the CRP. A set of extensively tested build-up caps for TLD and OSL dosimeters needed for patient dose measurements was made available through this CRP. Following the dosimeter characterization, measurements were conducted using anthropomorphic phantoms to test the in vivo dosimetry methodology prior to measurements on patients. Once the methodology has been successfully tested, series of patient dose measurements were conducted. In addition, the accuracy of the various in vivo dosimetry systems was evaluated in routine clinical use in a developing country circumstances. Sufficient amount of data from the above in vivo dosimetry studies have been collected and data on distribution of radiotherapy patient doses are available.

Appendix E.106

(b) Others:

The CRP developed a methodology for testing in vivo dosimetry systems and conducting measurements on patients undergoing radiotherapy. This methodology was adapted by the CRP participants. Both the methodology and the measurements results are included in the final CRP report. This report may serve as a reference material for a radiotherapy centre willing to establish an in vivo dosimetry system, and may be helpful for the selection of the appropriate in vivo dosimetry systems suitable for the local circumstances in this country.



The specific objectives of the CRP have been met. This CRP provided a very useful experience for all participants, starting with the development of in vivo dosimetry protocols for measurements with various dosimeters, through the understanding of operation principles of each dosimetry system used in the project and finally the patient data measurements and analysis. The importance of following the common procedure when comparing the data from the various dosimetry systems and various radiotherapy centres deserves to be specially stressed. This CRP was supported by in-kind contributions by manufacturers of in vivo dosimetry systems, which provided equipment used by the CRP participants. These were: Landauer (USA), Thomson-Nielsen (Canada) and PTW, Freiburg (Germany). The IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory contributed to this CRP by providing technical support to the participants. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The IAEA assisted participants in this CRP to develop a systematic approach for in-vivo dosimetry. This led to improvement of radiation dosimetry practices and increased precision of dose delivery to cancer patients. The methodology developed under the CRP and data gathered are included in the final CRP report. (c) Factors, if any, which adversely affected the effectiveness of the CRP:

Two CRP participants were not able to complete the work planned under the CRP due to malfunctioning equipment and other local problems. One of the in-kind contributors delayed the delivery of an in vivo dosimetry system for testing and this caused a significant slow down in planned measurements and had an adverse impact on a timely implementation of the CRP.

Impact of the CRP:

The research outputs of this CRP contributed to the overall increase in the radiation dosimetry expertise and to reducing the number of misadministration of the dose to radiotherapy patients, which would have occurred without in vivo dosimetry.

Relevance of the CRP: The benefit of this CRP is to the large numbers of patients undergoing radiation therapy. In vivo dosimetry is a tool for the assessment of the accuracy of radiation treatment delivery, detection of systematic errors and prevention of radiation accidents. Although it may not prevent a single dose misadministration, it will minimize the possibility of escalating such an event to many treatments or many patients.

Resulting Publications: The CRP participants presented their work in various local and international conferences. An overall summary of the CRP was presented in 27 ESTRO Congress in 2008. A Human Health Report entitled “Development of procedures for in vivo dosimetry in radiotherapy: final report of an IAEA Coordinated Research Project” was proposed.

Appendix E.107

CRP No. 530 (E43015)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: The Application of Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques in Studies related to Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Issues in Populations from Developing Countries



To contribute new information, based on nuclear techniques, on the causes of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in developing countries. (b) Specific (CRP):

To standardize methodologies for assessment of body composition during pregnancy To evaluate associations between maternal body composition and infant birth weight


• To standardize methodologies for assessment of body composition during pregnancy Standardization of maternal body composition assessment was the focus of the discussions during all RCMs (First RCM: 1-5 December 2003, Vienna, Second RCM: 7-11 November 2005, Tygerberg, South Africa and Third RCM: 22-25 October 2007, Vienna.) Standardized protocols for total body water (TBW) assessment by stable isotope technique were developed and shared within the group of CSIs. Analyses of deuterium enrichment were standardized by using two central laboratories, using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS), or by analysis by FTIR in the CSI’s home country. Due to the expansion of body water during pregnancy, body composition assessment is particularly challenging, especially during late pregnancy. These technical challenges were recognized during this CRP and highlighted as a major constraint to generate accurate data to address the second specific objective.

Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) was used and evaluated by most CSIs. The overall conclusion of these evaluations was a strong recommendation not to use algorithms provided in commercial BIA during pregnancy. Equations specific to the study populations should be developed and, even so, the usefulness of BIA during pregnancy is questionable. Pre-pregnancy (or post natal) maternal body composition data would be the best option. This approach (based on post natal assessment) was tested in BGD.

The research team in Brazil focused on body composition of newborn infants and developed a standardized protocol for TBW in newborn infants (published 2009; please see list of publications).

Appendix E.108

• To evaluate associations between maternal body composition and infant birth weight The assessment of body composition during pregnancy is technically challenging and, within this CRP, no clear association between maternal boy composition and infant birth weight were found. In addition to the very challenging technical aspects of body composition assessment during pregnancy, and a clear definition of when maternal body composition is most important, associations with birth weight, in particular within the normal range, would require large sample sizes. Ethnic differences were highlighted, for example the “thin/fat” Indian mother and her newborn “thin/fat” baby which stress the importance of continued studies in different settings. The importance of placental function was emphasized as a crucial factor for foetal growth and development. Measures of placental size and function were outside the scope of this project but stress the importance of longitudinal ultrasound examinations during pregnancy. For information, WHO has initiated a multicenter study to monitor foetal growth by 3D ultrasound during 2009.

(b) Others:

• Capacity building Interactions between the analytical facilities and end users were facilitated, for example by a technical contract (UK) which included extensive assistance with data evaluation and report writing for PAK and CMR. The technical contract in IND resulted in close collaboration with CSIs in BGD and URT in analyses of samples and data interpretation.

The laboratory in BRA benefited from a scientific visit to CHI as well as participation in a proficiency testing organized by the IAEA (reported under E43016). The laboratory in BRA is now well established as a resource centre for IRMS.

The project in BGD was closely linked with the national TC project (BGD/6/019) and benefitted from support to this project.

• CRP projects integrated into large scale studies

In BGD, IND and URT the CRP projects were integrated into large scale maternal/child health projects. This provided an excellent opportunity to engage research teams focusing on HIV (URT) and micronutrient interventions (BGD) not previously involved in studies to assess body composition. The project in IND was integrated into the “Pune maternal/child” study and thus benefited from previous experience in the overall topic of maternal/child nutrition and health.



The first specific objective was reached. Many of the technical challenges encountered during this CRP have been addressed in the recent IAEA Human Health Series (No 3) as well as in ongoing efforts to standardize body composition assessment based on BIA and DXA. The work in BRA will be incorporated into the forthcoming document on standardization of body composition assessment from birth to 5 years. The second specific objective was not reached but generated useful information to better define the study design for future studies. It should be noted that, in hindsight, this objective was too ambitious for a CRP.

Appendix E.109

(b) In contributing toward Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The project is clearly in line with the previous project “Energy metabolism and body composition studies” as well as with the current project “Combating the double burden of malnutrition”

Impact of the CRP:

• The CRP has contributed significantly to our increased focus on the importance of standardization of body composition assessment, in particular during the “window of opportunity”, i.e. from conception to 2 years of age.

• This CRP has raised a number of crucial issues related to further work on the interactions between maternal nutrition and health and its impact on foetal growth and body composition of newborns.


The overall topic of this CRP is highly relevant as maternal nutrition and health, and thus the environment provided for the foetus during pregnancy, has received global recognition during recent years, as highlighted by the “Barker hypothesis” and the “Developmental Origins of Health and Disease”. Maternal/child health is suggested as a topic for the G8 summit 2010. The associations between foetal growth and later development of chronic diseases are currently high priority areas in nutrition and health.

Recommended future action by Agency: To continue supporting projects addressing priority areas in maternal and child health and nutrition

Resulting Publications: 1. TRAVER, L.A.M., MARTINEZ, F.E., FERRIOLLI, E., MARCHINI, J. S., MONTEIRO,

J.P., PFRINER, K., SANCHES, A.P.L.M., OLIVEIRA, T., DUCATTI, C., CAMELO, Jr. J.S., “Deuterium equilibrium time in saliva of newborn infants”. J. Ped. Gastroent. Nutr. 48 (2009) 471-474.

Abstracts

2. TRAVER, L. A. M., CAMELO Jr. J.S., SANCHES, A.P.LM., OLIVEIRA, T., FERRIOLI, J.E.; PFRINER, K., MARTINEZ, F.E., “Deuterium equilibration time in newborn saliva, Pediatric Academic Societies”. Annual Meeting, 2008, Honolulu, Hawaii, E-PAS2008, 3776.10 (2008).

3. KUPKA, R., MANJI, K.P., WROE, E., ABOUD, S., KURPAD, A.V., WAFAIE, W.. F.,

DUGGAN, C. “Comparison of isotope dilution with bioelectrical impedance analysid among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in Tanzania.” International Congress of Nutrition, Bangkok 2009. Ann Nutr Metab 55(suppl 1) Abstract P 177-20, p.617 (2009).

Appendix E.110

CRP No. 1322 (E43016)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Assessment of Total Energy Expenditure and Body Composition for Older Adult Subjects with Different Lifestyles



To assess and compare total energy expenditure and body composition in older adults with different lifestyles from developing countries. (b) Specific (CRP):

• To harmonize protocols for the assessment of body composition and energy expenditure in older adults between members of the CRP;

• To assess and compare body composition data in older adults with different lifestyles from developing countries using the deuterium dilution method;

• To assess and compare energy expenditure in older adults with different lifestyles from developing countries using the doubly labelled water technique;

• To develop general, and if needed, population-specific bio-electrical impedance (BIA) equations for the prediction of body composition using the deuterium dilution method;

• To improve networking and cooperation between Member States contributing to this CRP; specifically to increase the capability of Member States to use nuclear techniques to better understand the energy expenditure and body composition of older adults with different lifestyles.

• To communicate the findings of the project to the broader scientific community and national policy makers through published scientific papers and participation in conferences and workshops.

Outputs:

(a) Research:

• Harmonization of protocols for the assessment of body composition and energy expenditure in older adults between members of the CRP

• Assessment of body composition in older adults with different lifestyles from developing countries using the deuterium dilution method Body composition was measured using the deuterium dilution method in a total of 677 subjects 60-80 years old in six countries. The majority of the samples were analysed by Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS).

• Development of general or population-specific BIA equations for the prediction of body composition using the deuterium dilution method Data on body composition derived from BIA and deuterium dilution based on 383 subjects in five countries (Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Senegal and Morocco) were collected and equations for the prediction of fat-free mass by BIA were developed (Alemán-Mateo et al Prediction of fat-free mass by

Appendix E.111

bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults from developing countries: a cross-validation study using the deuterium dilution method.

• Measurement of energy expenditure in older adults with different lifestyles from developing countries using the doubly labelled water technique Energy expenditure was measured using the doubly labelled water technique in a total of 108 subjects from five countries.

(b) Others:

a) Proficiency testing

The proficiency testing included 3 laboratories using IRMS. Seven standard specimens were prepared in a reference laboratory in the US. These included two water specimens (natural abundance and enriched in 2H and 18O), two saliva specimens (natural abundance and enriched in 2H and 18O), and three urine specimens (natural abundance, slightly enriched and enriched in 2H and 18O). The enriched samples contained approximately 100ppm excess 18O and 2H). Aliquots of each were analyzed five times in each of the four laboratories with each laboratory blinded to the results of the other laboratories.

Total body water (TBW) was calculated from the enrichment above natural abundance for the enriched saliva and urine specimens using the enrichment of the water specimens as if they were a diluted dose. Results agreed well between laboratories with no laboratory differing by more than 1.2 kg from the mean of the four. The inter-laboratory coefficients of variation were: urine 2H = 2.2%, urine 18O= 0.3%, saliva 2H= 1.4% and saliva 18O =0.4. It was concluded that TBW data can be pooled from these laboratories for data analysis.

Total energy expenditure was calculated from the enrichment data in the urine standards. The performances of two of the laboratories and the reference laboratory were excellent. The CV for TEE was 1.2%. In one laboratory, TEE was 1213kcal/d (47%) higher than the mean value from the other three laboratories. Additional testing was done after the proficiency test and an expert mission supported by the Department of Technical Cooperation (RLA/6/059) was organized to assist the laboratory in addressing the problems.

b) Transfer of skills and knowledge and capacity development

• An expert mission, supported by the Department of Technical Cooperation under the regional

project RLA6052 was important to evaluate the mass spectrometry facility in Brazil and to review methods used for the assessment of body composition and total energy expenditure. The expert found the facility adequate for the analysis of deuterium and oxygen-18.

• An expert mission, supported by the Department of Technical Cooperation under project PHI0012 “Human Resource Development and Nuclear Technology Support” assisted the counterpart in the Philippines in the measurements of total energy expenditure.

• An expert mission supported by the Department of Technical Cooperation under the regional project RLA6059 provided technical assistance to address technical issues identified during the proficiency testing in one laboratory.

• A scientific visit supported by the Department of Technical Cooperation under project SAF0002 “Human Resource Development and Nuclear Technology Support” facilitated contact between the counterparts in South Africa and New Zealand and provided an opportunity for training on the assessment of body composition and distribution of body fat by DXA.



Most of the specific objectives defined in this project were reached. Body composition was measured in a large data set (677) of older adults by stable isotope technique. Total energy

Appendix E.112

expenditure was measured in 108 older adults using the doubly labelled water method. The CRP has generated a series of publications in peer reviewed journals and results have been presented in a number of national and international conferences. The CRP benefited significantly from support from TC (expert missions, scientific visit). The CRP contributed to capacity development by including several graduate students (please see separate list) and by including a proficiency test of the IRMS facilities involved in this project. In particular, networking between investigators and international experts was strengthened.


This CRP is in line with the project “Energy metabolism and body composition studies”. The aim of this project is to strengthen the capabilities of Member States to use stable isotope techniques for assessment of energy metabolism and body composition.


The proficiency test revealed technical problems in one laboratory, resulting in delays of sample analysis.

Impact of the CRP:

• The CRP has established equations for body composition assessment by BIA to be used in future studies.

• This project contributed significantly to capacity building by providing training to graduate students in the use of stable isotope techniques to assess body composition and total energy expenditure.

Relevance of the CRP and recommended future action by Agency:

The information generated within this CRP provides a basis for the development of nutrition interventions and dietary recommendations especially targeted to older adults in developing countries.

Resulting Publications: Published scientific articles:

1. ALEMÁN-MATEO, M., ESPARZA ROMERO, J., MACÍAS MORALES, N., et al., Body composition by three-compartment model and relative validity of some methods to assess percentage body fat in Mexican healthy elderly subjects, Gerontology 50 (2004) 366-372.

2. RUSH, E.C., PLANK, L., CHANDU, V., et al., Body size, body composition and fast

distribution: comparison of New Zealand European, Pacific Island and Asian Indian young men, New Zealand Med. J. 117 (2004) 1203-1207.

3. GOEDECKE, J.H, WAKE, D.J., LEVITT, N.S., et al., Glucocorticoid metabolism within

superficial subcutaneous rather than visceral adipose tissue is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in South African women, Clin. Endocrinol. 65 (2006) 81-87.

4. RUSH, E., Healthy aging: genes and environment, Ind. J. Gereontology 20 (2006) 93-98.

5. RUSH, E.C., CHANDU, V., et al., Prediction of fat-free mass by bioimpedance analysis in

migrant Asian Indian men and women: a cross validation study, Int. J. Obes. 30 (2006) 1125-1131.

6. ALEMAN-MATEO, H., HUERTS, R.H., ESPARZA-ROMERO, J., et al., Body composition

by the four compartment model; validation of BOD POD for assessing body fat in Mexican elderly, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 61 (2007) 830-836.

Appendix E.113

7. EVANS, J., MALCOLM, C., JENNINGD, C., et al., The association of interleukin-18 genotype and serum levels with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease, E. J. Endocr. 157 (2007) 633-640.

8. MICKLESFIELD, L, REID, S., BEWERUNGE, L., et al., A proposed method to measure

body composition in obese individuals using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Intern. J. Body Comp. Res. 5 (2007) 147-151.

9. RUSH, E., GOEDECKE, J.H., JENNINGS, C., et al., BMI, fat and muscle differences in

urban women of five ethnicities from two countries, Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 31 (2007) 1232-1239.

10. RUSH, E., CHANDU, V., PLANK, L., Reduction of abdominal fat an chronic disease risk

factors by lifestyle change in migrant Asian Indians aged 50 years, Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr. 16 (2007) 671-676.

11. JENNINGS, C.L., LAMBERT, E.V., COLLINS, M., et al., Determinants of insulin-resistant

Phenotypes in normal weight and obese black African women, Obesity 16 (2008) 1602-1609.

12. ALEMÁN-MATEO, H., RUSH, E., ESPARZA-ROMERO, J., FERRIOLLI, E., RAMIREZ-ZEA, M., BOUR, A., YUCHINGTAT, G., NDOUR SENE, R.N., MOKHTAR, N., VALENCIA, M.E., SCHOELLER, D.A., Prediction of fat-free mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults from developing countries: a cross-validation study using the deuterium dilution method, The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging (2009) in press.

13. GOEDECKE, J.H., LEVITT, N.S., LAMBERT, E.V., Differential effects of abdominal adipose

tissue distribution on insulin sensitivity in black and white South African women, Obesity 17 (2009) 1506-12.

14. JENNINGS, C.L., LAMBERT, E.V., COLLINS, M., et al., The atypical presentation of the

metabolic syndrome components in black African women: the relationship with insulin resistance and the influence of regional adipose tissue distribution, Metabolism Clin. Experim. 58 (2009) 149-157.

15. RUSH, E., FREITAS, I., PLANK, L., Body size, body composition and fat distribution:

comparative analysis of European, Maori, Pacific island and Asian Indian adults, Brit. J. Nutr. 102 (2009) 632-41.

PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS/COMMENTS:

1. GOEDECKE, J.H., WAKE, D.J., LEVITT, N.S., et al., Depot-specific associations between abdominal adipose tissue glucocorticoid metabolism and features of the metabolic syndrome, South African J. Clin. Nutr. 18(Suppl 1) (2005) 116.

2. GOEDECKE, J.H., WAKE, D.J., LEVITT, N.S., et al., Insulin sensitivity and abdominal adipokine expression are not influenced by ethnicity in South African women, Obes. Rev. 6(Suppl 1) (2005) 173.

3. GOEDECKE, J.H., WAKE, D.J., LEVITT, N.S., et al., Insulin sensitivity and abdominal

adipokine expression are not influenced by ethnicity in South African women, J. Endr. Metabol. Diab. South Africa 10(1) (2005) 18-20.

Appendix E.114

4. NDOUR, R., DOSSOU, N., COUMÉ, M., et al., Risk factors of chronic disease in Senegalese retired men, South African J. Clin. Nutr. 18(Suppl 1) (2005) 168.

5. HUERTA, R.H., ESPARZA-ROMERO, J., MENDEZ, R.O., et al., Body composition by the

4C model and validation of air-displacement plethysmography in Mexican old people, AGE 28 (2006) 21.

6. BOUR, A., EL HASAINI, H., ELKARI, K., et al., Assessment of body composition and

nutritional status in older Moroccan adults, Ann. Nutri. Metab. 51(Suppl 1) (2007) 234.

7. ALEMAN-MATEO, H., LEE S.Y., JAVED, F., et al., Similar BMI but less muscle and greater total and truncal fat in Mexican elderly versus African-American and Caucasian, Intern. J. Body Comp. Res. 6 (2008) 76.

8. GOEDECKE, J.H., DAVE, J.A., FAULENBACH, M.V., et al., Insulin Response in relation to

insulin sensitivity: an appropriate β-cell response in black South African women (comment) Diabetes Care 32 (2009) 124.

MSc/PhD/ BSc theses:

BSc Honours thesis

1. Mr Robyn Johnson (SAF) Polymorphisms within the interleukin-6 gene and interactions with body composition and the metabolic syndrome in black South African women.

MSc theses

1. Ms Rose Ndiaye Ndour Sene (SEN) Facteurs de risque de maladies chroniques liées à la malnutrition (diabète de type II, hypertension artérielle, maladies cardiovasculaires) et niveau socioéconomique chez les hommes ages retraites de l’Ipres.

2. Mr Paulo F. Formighieri (BRA) Assessment of muscle mass, lower limbs performance and its

correlation with self-reported physical activity of independent older persons.

3. Mr Eduardo Borges de Oliveira (BRA) Evaluation of the time of equilibration of deuterated water in different body fluids of older persons after the intake of a single dose.

4. Mr Lesley Antunez Roman (MEX) Total energy expenditure and validity of self-reported food

records in Mexican urban elderly.

5. Mr Mehdi Atef (MOR) Assessment of body composition using deuterium dilution technique in older Moroccan adults.

PhD theses

1. Ms Karina Pfrimer (BRA) Assessment of food intake through questionnaires and correlation with energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and the doubly labelled water method.

2. Ms Waleria C.R. Fett (BRA) Inflammatory activity, body composition and physical

performance of diabetic older persons.

3. Ms Houda Hsaini (MOR) Assessment of body composition by different techniques older Moroccan adults.

4. Ms Rose Ndiaye Ndour Sene (SEN) Body composition, total energy expenditure and risk

factors for chronic diseases (type II diabetes, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease) in retired Senegalese men.

Appendix E.115

5. Ms Courtney Jennings (SAF) Polymorphisms within genes involved in glucocorticoid metabolism and interactions with body composition and the metabolic syndrome in black South African women.

6. Ms Juliet Evans (SAF) Genotype and phenotype interactions in white South African women –

the role of inflammation. The interaction between polymorphisms within the TNFα and dietary fat intake: impact on obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

* In addition, 30 presentations resulted from this CRP. Details available from the IAEA.

Appendix E.116

CRP No. 1326 (F21010)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Validation of Tracers and Software for Inter-Well Investigations



To refine, further develop and validate tracers for inter-well investigations, as well as techniques for data processing and interpretation, ultimately leading to upgrade the capability of tracer groups in developing countries, and to foster the emerging applications in enhancing oil recovery and optimizing geothermal reservoir operation. (b) Specific (CRP):

• To further develop and refine tracer methodology and technology for inter-well investigations: to prepare, test and validate emerging tracers, analytical and field techniques, as well as to improve modelling and interpretation of tracer data. • To facilitate the transfer of the technology to developing countries: to formulate guidelines, experimental protocols and software packages.


The participating institutions successfully developed, prepared, tested and validated several tracers, analytical techniques and software packages. A summary of the main achievements of the CRP is given below:

• Tracer preparation, quality assurance and analysis: Techniques for synthesis, preparation, analysis and quality control of several tracers, such as HTO, SCN- (14C or 35S labeled), 60Co(CN)6

3-, 125I- , 131I-, radiolabeled alcohols and gold nanoparticles, were established or validated both individually and in mixtures. Criteria to select the more adapted tracer were created. The data for ions and stable isotopes in produced water were used to support the interwell tracer test.

• Experimental procedure for tracer tests: Inter-comparison of the injection and sampling strategies were done and standard technical steps to carry out the tracer experiments were proposed. Tracer injection techniques, both bypassing and direct pumping into the well head, were compared. Well head samplers and procedures for collecting water sample were developed and tested on field. Safety procedures were established.

• Interpretation and modeling: Several models for interwell tracer interpretation were tested and compared. Procedures and guidelines were established to select the more adapted model and/or software packages depending on the field structure and configuration. The models (software packages) studied were Brigham model (home made code), dispersion model (Anduril), streamlines approach (PORO), chemical engineering approach (Disproof) and computational fluid dynamics (Caste and

Appendix E.117

CONSOL). News possible approaches of compartmental modeling were suggested for fractured geothermal reservoir or oil field.

• Group activities: Four networking activities; two on software validation and the other two on round robin test for radiotracer analysis, were conducted successfully with very good results. • Round robin test for analysis of water tracer HTO in field samples. • Round robin test for the analysis of radiotracers in mixture of HTO and 14CH3OH. • Laboratory inter-comparison on evaluation of field data using Anduril software. • Application of the PORO streamline simulator on field data provided by different

countries (b) Others:

• Manuscript for the Agency’s Radiation Technology Series on ‘Application of Radiotracer Techniques for Interwell Study: A Guidebook’ was prepared based on the findings and achievements of the CRP. The practical guidelines for interwell radiotracer experiments, tracer analysis and data interpretation are described in the document. The monograph type document contains the selection of reports from the CRP participants. The major achievements of the CRP and novel developments in interwell tracer methodologies are included as well.

• Software packages for interwell tracer data processing and interpretation and their manuals were produced and distributed; ‘Anduril’ software for dispersion modelling and ‘PORO’ software for streamline simulation.


The CRP succeeded in achieving the specific objectives as set out during the formulation of the project. As described above, techniques for preparation, analysis and quality control of several radiotracers were validated. Two software packages for modelling and interpretation of tracer data were developed and validated. All the achievements of the CRP were compiled in a technical document, which will be published as an Agency’s Radiation Technology Series. The book provides practical guidelines for interwell radiotracer techniques. This technical document, together with the 2 software packages will be very useful in transferring the techniques to developing countries. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The CRP participants made significant progresses on their research and field studies developing different aspects of interwell radiotracer methodology. The achievements on tracer developments and validation methods provide more reliable and precise results concerning interwell applications. The results of networking activities showed that participating laboratories have good command on analytical procedure and sufficient capabilities in interwell data treatment and interpretation. Among the developing countries participated in the CRP, institutions in Argentina, China, Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam are providing routine services of interwell tracer techniques to their oil fields. The same techniques are applied in geothermal plants in Indonesia and Philippines. The CRP succeeded in achieving the overall objective.

Impact of the CRP: During and after completion of the CRP, many oil producing developing countries that did not participate in the CRP show keen interest in the interwell tracer techniques. Ecuador and Kuwait are implementing national TC projects to apply the techniques to their oil fields. The techniques are being introduced to other developing countries through TC projects in RCA, ARCAL and AFRA regions. The countries like Argentina, China and Vietnam providing the commercial services, and earning substantial incomes, which enables the sustainable development of the technology.

Appendix E.118

Relevance of the CRP: The interwell radiotracer technology is typical nuclear techniques for industrial applications. The techniques are utilized to enhance the recovery of oil and to optimize geothermal reservoir operations. The CRP is highly relevant to the Agency’s project 2.I.2.01 ‘Radiotracer Technology for Industrial Processes and Natural Resources Exploration’.

Recommended future action by Agency: • The interwell radiotracer technology should be introduced further to developing

countries through the Agency’s regional training courses. The technical document and software packages produced as the results of the CRP will be utilized as training resource materials.

• Implementations of national TC projects are needed for the oil producing developing countries to establish their own capabilities in interwell tracer technology.


The results of the CRP on interwell radiotracer technology were summarized in the Radiation Technology Series. The result of the network activities are also described in details and packages of software for data interpretation are given on a CD. It can be used as an introduction and guideline for working in oil fields and geothermal reservoirs. It is also suitable as a lecture material for trainings to transfer the technique to developing countries. During the period of the CRP, the participating groups produced many publications and presentations. Some typical publications are as follows:

1. BJØRNSTAD, T.; ERIKSEN, D.Ø. AND YAN, G.: “Studies on Separation of Tracer Concentrations of Radiolabelled [Co(CN)6]3- from Radiolabelled SCN- in Water Samples”, in proc. “TRACER 5– 5th International Conference on Tracers and Tracing Methods”, Tiradentes, Brazil, (2008)

2. MASINI, G. AND C. SOMARUGA, “Interwell Tracer Interpretation in Oil Secondary Recovery Projects Employing the Software Mathematica”, TRACER IV, Fourth International Conference on Tracers and Tracing Methods, Autrans, France, (2006)

3. TANG, J. S., “Extended Brigham Model for Residual Oil Saturation Measurement by Partitioning Tracer Tests”, Paper SPE - 84874. (2005)

4. ABIDIN, ZAINAL, PRAYOTO AND SUROTO, “Geothermal Reservoir Characterization for Steam Field Management in Kamojang Geothermal Field – West Java”, PhD Dissertation Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia (2004).

5. KHAN, I. H. M. FAROOQ, M. AHMAD, GHIYAS-UD-DIN, S. GUL, AND R. M. QURESHI, Tracer Technology to Investigate Inter-Well Communications during Enhanced Oil Recovery, Proceeding of 4th ‘International Conference on “Tracers and Tracing Methods (Tracer 4)” Autrans/Grenoble, 407-416, France, 3-5 October, (2008)

6. KHAN, I. H., UD-DIN,GHIYAS., GUL, S., AHMAD, M. AND MALIK M. R., “Conjunctive use of Artificial Radiotracer and Natural Stable Isotopes for Inter-Well Tracing Studies during Enhanced Oil Recovery”, paper presented in 6th International Conference on Isotopes (6ICI), Korea (2008)

Appendix E.119

CRP No. 1349 (F22041)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Improved High Current Liquid and Gas Targets for Cyclotron Produced Radioisotopes



The overall objective of this CRP is the development of improved cyclotron target technology for the reliable production of carbon-11 and fluorine-18 in various chemical forms with a view to increasing production yields, specific activity, chemical purity, improving the economics of production and the availability of the radiotracers. The information gained and technology developed may further be applicable to the production of other radioisotopes.

(b) Specific (CRP):

• Developing cyclotron targetry technology for 1. High Specific Radioactivity Radioisotopes (F-18, C-11) 2. Higher Beam Current Irradiations (F-18)

• Developing Diagnostic Tools for Target Monitoring during Irradiation • Investigations for effective utilization of in-target chemistry • Development of methods for recovery and reuse of enriched isotope targets

Outputs:

(a) Research:

This CRP has resulted in the development of methods which can be used in high power targets to increase Carbon-11, Fluorine-18, Nitrogen-13, Iodine-123 and Krypton-81m, specific activities (at least a two fold increase), chemical purities as well as ensuring reliability of the production of the radiopharmaceuticals derived from these radionuclides. More importantly, these advances have minimized the unnecessarily operator exposure to radiation. In addition, knowledge of recovery and characterization of enriched H2

18O was also gained.

A high current niobium target system has been designed, tested and put in service, which could increase production capability of 18FDG by a factor of 2.5. The advantages of this system are: • Increasing the availability of radiopharmaceuticals for more patients. • Decreasing the dose delivered to working person during maintenance. • Decreasing dramatically the necessity to maintain the target.

The production capabilities with regard to [18F]F-, [11C]CO2 and [11C]CH4 have increased 3 to 6 fold.

Appendix E.120

(b) Others:

A detailed report of the final RCM, describing the work and accomplishments was prepared and distributed. The salient results of the CRP have been presented in 15th European Symposium on Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals held in Edinburgh, Scotland from 8 to 11 April 2010. A book entitled “Cyclotron Produced Radionuclides: Operation and Maintenance of Liquid and Gas Targets” focusing on two of the most widely used target systems and including both fundamental knowledge and practical advice on the operation of these target systems is in preparation and will be published under the IAEA Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Series.



The CRP succeeded in achieving the objectives as can be seen from the above write-up and the full report from each Member Sates, the techniques developed and cooperation emerged during the CRP resulted in: • Methods to increase specific activity • Development of gas and liquid targets, which will withstand high beam currents and

produce larger quantities of radioisotopes. • New and/or improved methods for the diagnosis of beams on target. • Better understanding of the chemistry occurring in the target during irradiation. • Adopted analytical techniques and recycling processes for efficient recovery of O-18

enriched water of required quality to be reused for production of radiopharmaceuticals.


The techniques developed/improved and applied under the CRP resulted in the development of methods for the higher production of carbon-11 PET tracers (by factor of 3 to 6) and 18FDG (by a factor of 2.5), improved specific activities (at least a two fold increase) and chemical purities as well as ensuring reliability of the production of the radiopharmaceuticals derived from Carbon-11, Fluorine-18, Nitrogen-13, Iodine-123 and Krypton-81m.

Impact of the CRP:

The participants of the CRP concluded that the project has helped to exchange valuable information and to become acquainted with other laboratories’ approaches and procedures and has stimulated cooperation between participating institutions as well as with relevant national counterparts. This has considerably enhanced the laboratories’ capabilities to develop the tools needed for high current liquid and gas target technology and to train new cyclotron professionals in these techniques. The specific objectives pursued by the CRP participants varied from country to country subject to the research priorities defined by the national teams, but the overall objectives of the CRP are well addressed.

Relevance of the CRP: The CRP is highly relevant to the project “Fostering the development of emerging radioisotopes and generators for medical and industrial applications.” The CRP facilitate the information exchange on new developments to improve the important tools of liquid and gaseous targets in order to provide reliable production systems for radionuclides of the necessary high quality and high specific radioactivity for clinical applications.

Appendix E.121

Recommended future action by Agency: • To facilitate and encourage young professionals to visit relevant cyclotron target laboratories

in an effort to enhance information exchange between laboratories. • To encourage the development of regional training courses and regional technical cooperation

(TC) projects on cyclotron produced radionuclides and their application as radiopharmaceuticals.

• As generally agreed, principles and practices on O-18 water targetry and C-11 gas targets should be described in the proposed IAEA publication, meant both as a field manual, a reference on well established methods and as a valuable tool for training.

• The diagnostic tools for beam profile and beam direction at full production intensities should be further developed. The IAEA can facilitate this effort by helping the cyclotron users community with holding technical meetings of people involved in radionuclide production.

• Several procedures have been evaluated for the recovery of O-18 enriched water. The issue in the reuse of the water is partially regulatory. It is necessary to ensure that recovered water is safe to use again. A proposed validation plan for ensuring the safety of reused enriched water should be included in the proposed IAEA publication.

• A mechanism should be found by which the present CRP- mediated exchange of expert knowledge is supplemented by programs of joint action, preferably involving several laboratories in the member nations. Ideally this IAEA effort should be coordinated with the International Target and Target Chemistry Workshop (WTTC).

Resulting Publications: 1. ADAM-REBELES R., HERMANNE A., VAN DEN WINKEL P., TÁRKÁNYI F., TAKÁCS

S., DARABAN L.: Alpha induced reactions on 114Cd and 116Cd: An experimental study of excitation functions. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 266 (2008)4731

2. DITRÓI F., TÁRKÁNYI F., TAKÁCS S., UDDIN M. S., HAGIWARA M., BABA M.,

IGNATYUK A., KOVALEV S. F.: Investigation of excitation functions of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on lead. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 276 (2008)835

3. DITRÓI F., TAKÁCS S., TÁRKÁNYI F., BABA M., CORNIANI E., SHUBIN YU. N.:

Study of proton induced reactions on niobium targets up to 70 MeV. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 266 (2008)5087

4. TÁRKÁNYI F., TAKÁCS S., HERMANNE A., DITRÓI F., KIRÁLY B., BABA M.,

OHTSHUKI T., KOVALEV S. F., IGNATYUK A. V.: Study of activation cross sections of proton induced reactions on erbium for practical applications. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 266 (2008)4872

5. ADAM-REBELES R., VAN DEN WINKEL P., HERMANNE A., TÁRKÁNYI F.: New

measurement and evaluation of the excitation function of 64Ni(p,n) raction for the production of 64Cu.

6. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 267 (2009)457

7. DARABAN L., ADAM-REBELES R., HERMANNE A., TÁRKÁNYI F., TAKÁCS S.: Study of the excitation functions for 43K, 43,44,44mSc and 44Ti by proton irradiation on 45Sc up to 37 MeV. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 267 (2009)755

8. DITRÓI F., HERMANNE A., CORNIANI E., TAKÁCS S., TÁRKÁNYI F., CSIKAI GY.,

SHUBIN YU. N.: Investigation of proton induced reactions on niobium at low and medium energies.

9. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 267 (2009)3364

Appendix E.122

10. HERMANNE A., TÁRKÁNYI F., TAKÁCS S., DITRÓI F., BABA M., OHTSHUKI T., SPAHN I., IGNATYUK A. V.: Excitation functions for production of medically relevant radioisotopes in deuteron irradiations of Pr and Tm targets. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 267 (2009)5:727

11. HERMANNE A., DARABAN L., TÁRKÁNYI F., TAKÁCS S., DITRÓI F., IGNATYUK

A., ADAM-REBELES R., BABA M.: Excitation functions for some W, Ta and Hf radionuclides obtained by deuteron irradiation of 181Ta up to 40MeV. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section267 (2009)19:3293 B

12. KIRÁLY B., TAKÁCS S., DITRÓI F., TÁRKÁNYI F., HERMANNE A.: Evaluated

activation cross sections of longer-lived radionuclides produced by deuteron induced reactions on natural iron up to 10 MeV. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B

13. TÁRKÁNYI F., TAKÁCS S., KIRÁLY B., SZELECSÉNYI F., ANDÓ L., BERGMAN J.,

HESELIUS S. -J., SOLIN O., HERMANNE A., SHUBIN YU. N., IGNATYUK A. V.: Excitation funcitons of 3He- and alpha-particle induced nuclear reactions on natSb for production of medically relevant 123I and 124I radioisotopes. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 67 (2009)6:1001

14. TÁRKÁNYI F., HERMANNE A., TAKÁCS S., ADAM-REBELES R., VAN DEN WINKEL

P., KIRÁLY B., DITRÓI F., IGNATYUK A. V.: Cross section measurements of the 131Xe(p,n) reaction for production of the therapeutic radionuclide 131Cs. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 67 (2009)10:1751

15. TÁRKÁNYI F., HERMANNE A., KIRÁLY B., TAKÁCS S., DITRÓI F., SONCK M.,

KOVALEV S. F., IGNATYUK A. V. : Investigation of excitation functions of alpha induced reactions on natXe: Production of the therapeutic radioisotope 131Cs. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 267 (2009)5:742

16. SCHUELLER, M J, ALEXOFF, D L. SCHLYER D J, Separating long-lived metal ions from

18F during H218O recovery Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Volume 261, Issues 1-2, August 2007, Pages 795-799

17. AVILA-RODRIGUEZ, M.A. WILSON, J.S. SCHUELLER, M.J. MCQUARRIE, S.A.

Measurement of the activation cross section for the (p,xn) reactions in niobium with potential applications as monitor reactions Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Volume 266, Issue 15, August 2008, Pages 3353-3358

18. BONG HWAN HONG, JONG SEO CHAI, MIN GOO HUR, HONG SUK CHANG, JOON

SUN KANG, HYUNG HEE CHO AND KYUNG MIN KIM Pleated double-foil O-18 water target Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Volume 261, Issues 1-2, August 2007, Pages 813-815

19. AVILA-RODRIGUEZ MA, RAJANDER J, LILL JO, GAGNON K, SCHLESINGER J, WILSON JS, MCQUARRIE, SOLIN O, Proton energy determination using activated yttrium foils and ionization chambers for activity assay, Nucl Instr Meth B 267 (2009) 1867-72.

Appendix E.123

CRP No. 1339 (F23023)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Applications of Nuclear Analytical Techniques to Investigate the Authenticity of Art Objects



To enhance quality of results of nuclear analytical laboratories and assist Member States in accreditation of their practice of nuclear analytical techniques. To train radiochemists for sustainability of nuclear knowledge and promoting of new developments in nuclear analytical techniques

(b) Specific (CRP):

• Identification of authenticity of certain groups of artefacts being of particular national importance through chemical analysis.

• Clarify authorship of valuable paintings; identify provenance and age of museum specimen. • Providing base line data for law enforcement to identify fraud. • Contribute information for the identification of seized illegally traded materials. • Assist conservators in restoration and preservation of cultural heritage. • Identify suitable methods and recommend procedures for chemical identification of art

object.


The ranges of analytical techniques used in participating laboratories were vast and depending on the availability complimented each other to extract compositional information for the purpose of authentication, conservation or provenance studies. Cultural heritage and museum objects of art vary from region to region and are associated to specific raw materials and production processes. It was not possible to identify one common type of artefacts being of interest to all countries, therefore a national priority setting with the involvement of an archaeologist, a museum conservator or curator and an analytical researcher was targeted for the participation in this CRP. Nuclear techniques were used to solve the problems of one or another of the following types: • Determination of the nature of component materials of an artefact • Dating. • Determination of the creative process of a material or of the artefact itself. • Evaluation of the suffered alteration processes and estimation of their importance. • Diagnosis of eventual previous modifications or restorations. • Assistance to the conservation/restoration. • Forecasting and optimisation of the short and long term destiny in the present conservation

conditions (preventive conservation).

Appendix E.124

Participating laboratories established/improved and applied above nuclear techniques for their cultural heritage investigations; for example, pottery shards from an ancient slave camp in Ghana were analyzed using Compton suppressed NAA. From the results it became clear that the pots were produced locally and were not imported from other places where the slaves were deported from. In China four ancient production places (kiln) were discovered from Tang dynasty (618-960 AD) and shards from these places were characterized. In Lebanon Byzantine ‘carrot’ amphorae from Beirut and from Gaul, France were analyzed to establish its origin and place of production. In Peru a suit of techniques was applied to Inca pottery samples to distinguish fraud from ancient samples, identify the place of production and shed light on the production process, e.g. firing temperature and recipe of paste used.

A report summarizing the results of the participating laboratories is under preparation.

(b) Others:

The CRP explored new fields of application for nuclear analytical techniques in art and archaeology. It has helped to foster collaboration between museum conservators and analytical researchers. The dissemination of information on applications of advanced analytical techniques to art objects has stimulated the use of these techniques in developing Member States and has helped in conservation and recovery of national heritage.



As can be seen from the above write-up and the full report from each Member Sates, the techniques developed and cooperation emerged, the CRP succeeded in achieving the objectives as set out during the formulation of the project. (b) In contributing towards Overall (i.e. Agency Project) Objective:

The techniques developed/improved and applied under the CRP enhanced the quality of nuclear analytical laboratories and assisted the participating Member States in the application of nuclear techniques, such as neutron activation analysis (NAA), x-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and ion beam analysis (IBA) as a potential tool for non-destructive and reliable investigation of precious materials and can help to repair damaged objects, identify fraud and assist archaeologists in the appropriate categorisation of historic artefacts.

Impact of the CRP:

The impact of the CRP is very good as can be seen from large number of publications by the participants and in particular:

• The participants of the CRP concluded that the project has helped to exchange valuable information and to become acquainted with other laboratories’ approaches and procedures and has stimulated cooperation between participating institutions as well as with relevant national counterparts. This has considerably enhanced the laboratories’ capabilities to apply existing nuclear and related analytical techniques in the field of cultural heritage research.

• The project has helped to better understand the pros and cons of certain nuclear analytical methods for use in cultural heritage research.

• National data bases are in development to assist in classification and authentication of art objects which may be traded on the market.

• For some countries the participation in this project has resulted in an enhanced recognition of scientific archaeological investigations among the end users.

• The active cooperation of participating laboratories with national archaeologists has augmented the confidence and trust of the end users in their national scientific potential.

Appendix E.125

• The principal beneficiaries of this CRP are the societies as a whole since the cultural heritage is a legacy from ancient communities.


• Nuclear techniques are basically non-destructive and due to the high penetration power of neutrons and x-rays can be used for investigating inner structures of precious materials such as archaeological objects without their disintegration. Therefore the Agency should consider initiation of a project on 3D imaging for cultural heritage and art work using x-rays, synchrotron radiation and neutrons.

• Isotopic techniques can well be used to investigate organic materials such as excavated bones and teeth to contribute to cultural heritage research. This has been demonstrated e.g. in the elucidation of the history of the “Ice man” found in the Alps. Agency might consider promoting these techniques in developing countries.


1. MOHAMAD ROUMIÉ, PAUL REYNOLDS, CAROL ATALLAH, ELIAS BAKRAJI, KHALED ZAHRAMAN, BILAL NSOULI, Provenance study of excavated pottery from Beirut using PIXE cluster analysis, 17th Int. Conf. on Ion Beam Analysis, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research B 249 (2006) 612.

2. ELIAS BAKRAJI, MOHAMAD ROUMIÉ, HAISSAM ISSA, Radioisotope x-ray fluorescence analysis of ancient pottery from Tel Kouzama site in Damascus, Syria, Annali di Chimica Vol. 96 (2006) 301.

3. TOYOTA, R.G.; MUNITA, C.S.; NEVES, E.G.; DEMARTINI, C.C.; Estudo do efeito do tempero na cerâmica Marajoara. Canindé (MAX/UFS), 11, 55-64, 2008.

4. MUNITA, C.S.; BARROSO, L.P.; OLIVEIRA, P.M.S. Stopping rule for variable selection using discriminant analysis. J. Radioanal. and Nuclear Chemistry, 269(2), 335-338, 2006.

5. MUNITA, C.S. Contribuição da análise por ativação com nêutrons a estudos arqueométricos estudo de caso. Canindé (Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó), 6, 159-181, 2005.

6. MUNITA, C.S. Arqueometria: estudo de interfacse. CLIO, Série Arqueológica (UFPE), 19 (2) 30-42, 2005.

7. MUNITA, C.S.; TOYOTA, R.G.; OLIVEIRA, P.M.S.; NEVES,, E.G. DEMARTINI, , C.C. Tempering effect in ceramics chemical analysis by INAA. 9th International Conference on Art, May 25 – 30, Jerusalem, Israel, 2008.

8. TOYOTA, R.G.; MUNITA, C.S.; MENEZES, M.O.; NEVES, E.G.; DEMARTINI, C.C. Compositional groupings of some ancient native pottery in Marajó Island. International Nuclear Atlantic Conference – INAC/ENAN 2007, September 30 to October 5, Santos, Brasil, 2007.

9. MUNITA, C.S.; NEVES, E.G.; DEMARTINI, C.C.; TOYOTA, R.G. Chemical characterization of Marajoara pottery by INAA. 36th International Symposium on Archaeometry. May 2 – 6, Quebec, Canada, 2006.

10. OLIVEIRA, P.M.S.; SANTOS, J.O.; MUNITA, C.S. Identificação de valores discrepantes por meio da distância Mahalanobis. XVII Simpósio Nacional de Probabilidade e Estatística. 24 a 28 de Julho, Caxambu, MG, Brasil, 2006.

11. MUNITA, C.S. BARROSO, L.P.; OLIVEIRA, P.M.S. Stopping rule for variable selection using stepwise discriminant analysis. 8th International Conference on Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Life Sciences. April 17 to 22, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2005.

Appendix E.126

12. TOYOTA, R.G.; MUNITA, C.S.; NEVES E.G.; LUZ, F.A.; OLIVEIRA, P.M.S. Preliminary study of chemical compositional data from Amazon ceramics. International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC/ENAN 2005. August 28 to September 2, Santos, Brasil, 2005.

13. R. PADILLA, P. VAN ESPEN, P.P. GODO TORRES, Analytica Chimica Acta 558 (2006) 283–289

14. R. PADILLA ALVAREZ, P. VAN ESPEN, J. R. ESTÉVEZ ALVAREZ, X-Ray Spectrom. 2006; 35: 178–183.

15. F.C. LISTER, R.H. LISTER, Journal of the Society for Historical Archaeology, VIII (1974) 17.

16. LISETTE ROURA ALVAREZ, ROGER ARRAZCETA Delgado y Carlos Alberto Hernández Oliva, La Cerámica de tradición aborigen: ejemplos habaneros, Gabinete de Arqueología, Boletín No. 5, Año 5, 2006, 16-27.

17. ZS. KASZTOVSZKY: Application of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis to investigate archaeological ceramics, Archeometria Műhely, elektronic journal (http://www.ace.hu/am/) 2007, IV. 2 pp. 49-54.

18. GHERDÁN, K., SZILÁGYI, V., KASZTOVSZKY, ZS, An example of

archaeometrical usage of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis: chemical characterization of Early Bronze Age pottery from two archaeological sites of Vörs, Western Hungary, 7th International Conference on Nuclear and Radiochemistry, 2008, Aug 24-29, Budapest, published on CD-ROM.

19. GHERDÁN, K., SZAKMÁNY, GY., TÓTH, M., T. BIRÓ, K. (2007):

Archaeometric studies of Early Bronze Age pottery from Vörs-Máriaasszony-sziget Archeometria Műhely, elektronic journal (http://www.ace.hu/am/), 2007/2, pp. 21-32.

20. SZAKMÁNY, GY, STARNINI, E. (2007): Archaeometric research on the fisrt

pottery production in the Carpathian Basin: manufacturing traditions of the Early Neolithic, Körös Culture ceramics. Archeometria Műhely, elektronic journal (http://www.ace.hu/am/), 2007/2, pp. 5-20.

21. HARANGI, D. (2006): Rézkori kerámia leletek archeometriai vizsgálatának

eredményei (Tiszalúc, Északkelet-Magyarország). [Results of archaeometrical investigation of Copper Age ceramic finds from Tiszalúc, NE Hungary.] MSc Thesis (in Hungarian), Eötvös University, Budapest, 73 p.

22. S. FAZINIĆ, Ž. PASTUOVIĆ, M. JAKŠIĆ, M. BRAUN, D, KRSTIĆ, D.

MUDRONJA.: Analysis of inorganic pigments by nuclear microprobe: the case of the paintings by the Master HGG. Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Utilisation of Accelerators, 5-9 June 2005, Dubrovnik, Croatia (in Utilization of Accelerators, Proceedings of an International Conference, IAEA Proceedings Series, IAEA, Vienna, 2006).

23. V. DESNICA, K. ŠKARIĆ, D. JEMBRIH-SIMBUERGER, S. FAZINIĆ, M.

JAKŠIĆ, D. MUDRONJA, M. PAVLIČIĆ, I. PERANIĆ, M. SCHREINER: Portable XRF as a valuable device for preliminary in situ pigment investigation of wooden inventory in the Trski Vrh Church in Croatia, Appl. Phys. A92 (2008) 19.

http://www.ace.hu/am/�



Appendix E.127

CRP No. 1335 (F23024)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Electron Beam Treatment of Organic Pollutants Contained in Gaseous Streams



To enable the Member States in building the capacity in applying radiation technology for managing agricultural and industrial waste and effluents and decontamination of biological agents.

(b) Specific (CRP):

To develop reliable analytical methodologies concerning investigation of degradation effects of radiation on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the gaseous phase, in particular:

• To investigate EB technology as a possible one-stage multi-component purification technology to treat coal combustion flue gas and remove two groups of pollutants: SOx, NOx and organic (PAH- Poly Cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, dioxin) pollutants simultaneously.

• Identification of the radiolytic products under various process condition • Laboratory and pilot plant experiments for flow systems • Modeling of the process based on kinetic data • Studying of hybrid processes (EB/catalyst, EB/microwaves)

Outputs:

(a) Research:

Demonstration of the use of radiation processing in the treatment of organic pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Poly Cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from flue gases, using Electron Beam irradiation and catalytic oxidation, was successfully implemented. • In several participating laboratories various VOC removal methods, such as Electron Beam

(EB) irradiation, Micro Wave (MW) irradiation and combined EB + MW irradiation in the presence of a catalyst were studied. Results showed a higher removal efficiency of VOCs in combined method, approximately 80%, together with good selective conversion into CO2 with low doses of EB irradiation (4-8 kGy) in laboratory and semi-pilot scale experiments.

• Laboratory and pilot plant experimental data in several Member States showed that in EB process SO2 and NOx and organic PAH compounds, such as Naphtalene, Florene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Floranthene, Benzo (a) Pyrene, etc., can be removed simultaneously at low doses with good efficiency. These data were used for the evaluation

Appendix E.128

of the extraction and analysis of radiolysis by-products, and improvement of analytical methods applied for experimental work.

• The mathematical model developed in Russia, Belarus and Poland, confirmed the experimental data and used to predict the main products of irradiation process and pathways of their formation. New kinetic models of radiation induced processes were proposed especially for PAHs compounds.

(b) Others:

Research outputs from the CRP have been presented in international conferences and published in scientific journals. The analytical methodologies, modeling studies, and kinetic models developed were transferred to all participants of this CRP and other interested laboratories.



The CRP was successful in achieving most of its goals, particularly in identification of the radiolytic products under various process conditions, laboratory and pilot plant experiments for flow systems, mathematical modelling of the process based on kinetic data, studying of hybrid processes (EB/catalyst, EB/microwaves), and the use of Electron Beam machine as a possible one-stage multi-component purification technology to treat coal combustion flue gas and remove two groups of pollutants: SOx, NOx and organic Poly Cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) pollutants simultaneously.


The outputs of this CRP will enable the Member States to enhance their capabilities in applying radiation techniques for removing organic pollutants from industrial waste and effluents and decontamination of biological agents. All these will help to increase the awareness and utilization of EB techniques among other stakeholders such as technologists in environmental sectors from governmental and private companies (waste incinerators, coal-fired boilers from power stations, refineries) and consider introducing this technology into new industrial applications.

Impact of the CRP:

Work under this CRP has further enhanced the research capabilities of the participating institutions in applying electron beam technology, together with others available technologies, to treat gaseous pollutants with high removal efficiency. The high impact of the CRP can be seen from the important publications arising out of this CRP in high impact, peer reviewed scientific journals and in particular:

• The CRP succeeded in developing new laboratory and pilot plant experimental data in simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx and organic pollutants, such as Naphtalene, Florene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Floranthene, Benzo (a) Pyrene, etc., by electron beam (EB) processing at low doses, combined with others available technologies, with good efficiency.

• The CRP has helped to enhance the research capabilities in several participating institutions in applying Electron Beam to treat gaseous pollutants and promoted active cooperation among the participating institutions.


The CRP is relevant to the overall objectives of the project on “Remediation of pollutants using Radiation technology” and demonstrated that the radiation processing technology using electron beam accelerators as a complementary method to treat gaseous pollutants is safe, technically and economically competitive with conventional technologies.

Appendix E.129

Recommended future action by Agency: • Continue the support towards the process optimization for the treatment of organic pollutants

containing in gaseous streams mainly the emission of gaseous organic pollutants also called “priority pollutants” by USEPA.

• To have an interaction with industries and experts in the field to better understand the barriers of using this technology in commercial basis, and to advise the Members States participating in the CRPs the technical and economical aspects to transfer this technology.

• Formulate and support CRPs for development of a hybrid system using electron beam system combined with catalysts to improve the efficiency of the process, and to accomplish additional experimental investigations to validate the mathematical models developed in the present CRP.

• As VOCs and PAH exist not only in gas stream, and they are also detected in aqueous and solid systems, a new CRP is recommended to study and develop methods to treat liquid and solid wastes, for reuse, by radiation processing technology.


1. CALLÉN, M.S.; CRUZ, M.T.; MARINOV, S.; STEFANOVA, M.; MURILLO, R.; MASTRAL, A.M., Flue gas cleaning in power stations by using electron beam technology. Influence on PAH emissions, Fuel Proc. Tech., 2007 88, 251-258.

2. DUTSKINOV, N.; STEFANOVA, M.; MARINOV, S.P.; CALLEN, M.; GADJANOV, P., Possibility for Implementation of Electron Beam Technology for Combustion Gas Cleaning 2006, E&E, 5-6, 267-271.

3. GERASIMOV, G.Y., Simulation of the radiation chemical formation of peroxyacetyl nitrates and aromatic nitro-compounds, High Energy Chemistry 2005, 39 (6) 411-415.

4. GERASIMOV, G.Y., Modeling study of electron beam polycyclic and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons treatment, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 2007, 76 (1), 27-36.

5. GERASIMOV, G.Y., Gas-phase radiation chemical formation of dioxins from chlorinated phenols, High Energy Chemistry, 2007, 41 (1), 23-27.

6. GERASIMOV, G.Y., Rate constants of electron-beam PAHs decomposition, Nukleonika, 2007, 52 (3), 105-108.

7. GERASIMOV, G., Modeling study of electron-beam VOCs decomposition in industrial flue gases, Radiation Physics Research Progress, (CAMILLERI, A.N., Ed.) (2008), Nova Science Publishers, New York, 247-286.

8. HAKODA, T.; GOTO, H.; SHIMADA, A.; OCHI, M.; KOJIMA, T., Analysis of Particles Produced by Oxidation of Dilute Xylene in Air under Electron Beam Irradiation, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2006, 75, 375-383.

9. HAKODA, T.; SHIMADA, A.; KOJIMA, T., Charging Processes of Particles Produced from Dilute Xylene in Air under Electron Beam Irradiation, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2006, 75, 392-402.

10. HAKODA, T.; SAKO, T.; SHIMADA, A., ISHIDA, T.; KOJIMA, T., Component Analysis of Particulate Products in Electron Beam Irradiated Xylene/air Mixtures Using an Atmospheric Pressure Ionizing Mass Spectrometer, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 2006, 79, 731-737.

11. HAKODA, T.; MATSUMOTO, K.; SHIMADA, A.; NARITA, T.; KOJIMA, T; HIROTA, K., Application of Ozone Decomposition Catalysts to Electron-beam Irradiated Xylene/air Mixtures for Enhancing Carbon Dioxide Production, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2008, 77, 585-590.

Appendix E.130

12. HAKODA, T.: MATSUMOTO, K.; MIZUNO, A.; HIROTA, K., Oxidation of Xylene and its Irradiation Byproducts Using an Electron Beam Irradiating a γ-Al2O3 Bed, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2008, 41, 155202.

13. IGHIGEANU. D., CALINESCU, I., MARTIN, D., MATEI, C., A new hybrid technique for volatile organic compounds removal by combined use of electron beams, microwave and catalysts, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 2008, vol. 266, no. 10, ISSN 0168-583X, pp. 2524–2528.

14. JEON, E. C., KIM, K. J., KIM, J. C., KIM, K. H., CHUNG, S.G., SUNWOO, Y., PARK, Y. K., Novel Hybrid Technology for VOC Control Using Electron Beam and Catalyst, Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2008, in press.

15. KIM, K. J., KIM, J. C., KIM, J., SUNWOO, Y., Development of hybrid technology using E-beam and catalyst for aromatic VOCs control, Physics and Chemistry, 2005, 73(2), 85-90.

16. NICHIPOR, H., SUN, Y., CHMIELEWSKI, A. G., BULKA, S., ZIMEK, Z., Mechanism of decomposition of 1,4-dichlorobenzene/air in an electron beam generated plasma reactor, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2007, 76, 1132-1139.

17. NICHIPOR, H., GERASIMOV, G., Ya., “Gas-phase radiation-chemical oxidation of naphthalene”, High Energy Chemistry, 2008, 42 (5), 335-341.

18. OSTAPCZUK, A.; LICKI, J.; CHMIELEWSKI, A. G., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal combustion flue gas under electron beam irradiation, Rad. Phys. Chem., 2008, 77, 490-496.

19. OSTAPCZUK, A.; HAKODA, T.; SHIMADA, A..; KOJIMA, T., Naphthalene and acenaphthene decomposition by electron beam generated plasma application, Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 2008,

20. SHIMADA, A.; HAKODA, T.; KOJIMA, T., Electron Beam Processing for Decomposition Treatment of Gaseous Formaldehyde after Sterilization, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 2006, 39 759-802.

21. SUN, Y., CHMIELEWSKI, A. G., ZIMEK, Z., NICHIPOR, H., YACKO, S., Theoretical study kinetics and mechanism of trichloroethene (HClC=CCl2) decomposition in humid air under electron beam influence, Nukleonika, 2008, 53(1), 11-16.

22. SUN, Y., CHMIELEWSKI, A. G., BULKA, S., ZIMEK, Z., NICHIPOR, H., Simulation of decomposition of Dichloroethylene (trans-DCE, cis-DCE, 1,1-DCE) /air under electron beam irradiation, Nukleonika, 2007, 52(2) 59-67.

Appendix E.131

CRP No. 619 (T21022)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Characterization of Swelling Clays Considered for use as Components of the Engineered Barriers System for Geological Repositories

Section/Division: NEFW Period Covered: 2004-03-01 through 2007-10-22 Total Cost: € 126,994.79 Objectives of CRP:


To transfer knowledge and technology to countries needing it for their national nuclear waste management programme. Most of the existing multi-barrier concepts, concerning radioactive waste underground disposals, require the use of engineered barriers. Swelling clays are natural and can be found in certain areas, where they are already exploited for other purposes. Their basic characteristics cannot be artificially improved but need to be well established and optimized as material used in engineered barriers of a given geological repository concept. (b) Specific (CRP):

• Transfer knowledge regarding the repository concepts and approaches being considered by the participating MS through preparation of an overview of the repository concepts considered by each MS involved in the CRP,

• Undertake co-operative laboratory work and clay properties collection that would allow for a general description of key material properties and means of assessing these properties that are of relevance to screening potentially suitable swelling clays for repository use,

• Develop a summary of the materials properties measured for the candidate materials selected by each of the participating MS and provide a preliminary assessment of their potential suitability for use as a component of the engineered barriers system of a deep geologic repository.

Outputs:

(a) Research:

This report presents the results of a CRP carried out between 2002 and 2007 on the subject of Swelling Clays proposed for use as component in the Engineered Barriers System (EBS) of the multi barrier concept for disposal of radioactive wastes. This report provides a) an overview of the repository concepts of the MS involved in the CRP, b) a general description of key material properties and means of assessing these properties that are of relevance to screening potentially suitable swelling clays for repository use, c) a summary of the materials properties measured for the candidate materials selected by each of the participating MS and a preliminary assessment of their potential suitability for use as a component of the engineered barriers system of a deep geologic repository (b) Others:

Appendix E.132

This project provided MS with less-well developed programmes with sources of ongoing technical information and assistance. Participants associated with more mature repository development programmes have in return had access to materials information developed in the course of the growth of these newer programmes, providing options for materials acquisition that may be of considerable value in the future.



Several MS with little experience with development of an EBS system for a HLW repository have had the opportunity to improve their knowledge base regarding the DGR concept and how to qualify materials for potential use. The CRP also saw three IAEA fellowships awarded to participants from nations with lesser-developed programmes (Czech Republic, Republic of South Africa and Ukraine) to AECL’s URL. During this time they were able to observe and participate in the dismantling of a large swelling clay-based EBS simulation (Tunnel Plug) and observe the practicalities associated with conduct of repository-scale simulations. MS were given the opportunity to compare potentially suitable swelling clays from their own countries against well-characterised reference materials from several nations. The development of a preliminary screening process by the CRP participants has facilitated a process that will allow for cost-effective evaluation of previously uncharacterised materials that may be identified in the future.


An important accomplishment is also the development of a network of linkages between the various national representatives involved with repository sealing materials and repository development programmes. This network of contacts and co-operation has persisted beyond the duration of the CRP and has allowed for ongoing information exchange related to qualification of swelling clays for use of swelling clay materials in repository applications. Overall, it can be further concluded that the major technical goal to assist in the identification of suitable material deposits in Member States has been achieved.

Impact of the CRP:

An important component to the development of a repository that will meet the safety and licensing requirements for a DGR in many geologic media is the development of this engineered barrier system (EBS) that through its design and the properties of its components will contribute to keeping the facility isolated from the biosphere. A commonly identified component of the EBS is swelling clay, used to ensure that any openings generated by repository excavation do not become preferential pathways for contaminant migration. Member States with relatively advanced Deep Geological Repository (DGR) concepts or programmes have spent approximately 30 years characterising candidate swelling clay materials for repository application and then undertaking full-scale tests to evaluate EBS performance under simulated repository conditions. This has required development of special underground research laboratories (URLs) and substantial expense in development of personnel and technologies for testing of the EBS. Member States with limited quantities of HLW are unlikely to be able to afford to develop such facilities and many are still in the earliest stages of identifying domestic sources of swelling clays for repository use In order to facilitate and accelerate the process of swelling clay identification, characterisation and evaluation for potential suitability for DGR applications, the IAEA established a CRP that brought together specialists from MS with advanced EBS development programmes with representatives from MS with less advanced programmes.

Appendix E.133


There are two major materials proposed for use in the EBS, swelling clay-based materials and cementitious/concrete materials. These materials will be placed between the perimeter of the excavation and the waste container to fill the existing gap and ensure isolation of the waste within the canister (also referred to as a container in some EBS concepts) by supporting safety through retardation and confinement. Swelling capacity combined with low intrinsic hydraulic conductivity allows for efficient and long-term sealing of the openings. Moreover, the fine-grained, highly surface-active character of the clays provides them with an ability to limit the rate of radionuclide contaminant transport through them as a result of their physical-chemical properties and processes associated with them. Cementitious materials are industrially manufactured to consistent standards and are readily available in most locations and so their evaluation is of less value to MS than swelling clays. Given the quantities of clay material needed for a repository application, the identification of potentially suitable materials located within or near to MS is of considerable interest, particularly those with more limited resources to apply to their repository programmes,


At the end of this CRP the participants had gained considerable confidence in the basic materials behaviour factors that will control performance of swelling clays and were ready to examine how they would perform under larger scale (either through larger-scale laboratory or intermediate-scale field constructions). There would be considerable value in the development of a relatively basic EBS demonstration under field conditions at a facility where participants from programmes with well-developed expertise could work with others to transfer experience and expertise more broadly. A CRP where participants work through the process from material selection and qualification to installation and monitoring of an EBS simulation and ultimately its dismantling and evaluation might be an appropriate follow-up project.


IAEA TECDOC

Appendix E.134

CRP No. 303 (T24007)


Title of the Coordinated Research Project: Innovative and Adaptive Technologies in Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities Section/Division: NEFW Period Covered: 2004-05-01 through 2009-12-03 Total Cost: € 124,307.00 Objectives of CRP:


To promote R&D activities, as well as the exchange of information and transfer of knowledge, in order to improve the technologies that are important in the planning and implementation of decommissioning. This was achieved through a better understanding of the decision-making process in technology comparison and selection and relevant issues affecting the entire decommissioning process.

(b) Specific (CRP):

• To establish methodologies and data needs for developing concepts and approaches

relevant to technology comparison and selection in decommissioning • To improve and expand the database on applications and performance of various types of

decommissioning technologies • To address specific issues for individual decommissioning technologies and generate data

relevant to their comparison and selection


Implementation and execution of the CRP promoted the exchange of information on ongoing R&D activities in the participating Member States on the various topics relevant to the comparison and selection of decommissioning technologies. Thus, the results of the CRP generated valuable data that will be useful to Member States in their planning for and implementation of decommissioning of their nuclear facilities.

(b) Others:

• There was enhanced understanding among the participants and their organizations of technologies relevant to the decommissioning process;

• An improved understanding of the specific impacts of technology-relevant factors onto the overall decommissioning strategy;

• A better understanding of how to compare and select decommissioning technologies in an optimal manner taking into account the above factors;

Appendix E.135

• The results of the CRP were presented in an Agency TECDOC, recording the information collected during the CRP and providing a summary of best practice and areas for further advances.



The CRP succeeded in transferring information and know-how from active decommissioning projects to those planning for decommissioning and within the community of decommissioning practitioners. It is also expected that this project, and in particular the papers collected in TECDOC - 1602, will draw Member States’ attention to the need for timely planning for and implementation of decommissioning.

The CRP investigated practically the whole range of decommissioning-related activities and technologies. In addition, a variety of nuclear facilities were addressed. Achievements can be grouped into two main categories: • R&D work on decision-making approaches for selection of decommissioning technologies

in actual projects or national programmes (segmenting/cutting; decontamination; radiological characterization; restricted vs. unrestricted release); and

• R&D on decision-making tools of generic application to any decommissioning projects.


The IAEA project is expected to offer Member States the opportunity of considering financial and other impacts of decommissioning their nuclear facilities, so that decommissioning actions can be initiated without undue delay. Aspects such as fuel and waste management and provisions for other technical, administrative and financial resources require timely preparation, and they all involve consideration and selection of technologies.

Impact of the CRP:

In more general terms, the project contributed to enhancing Member States’ overall organizational capabilities. As decommissioning is a multi-disciplinary process, the project is expected to stimulate Member States to develop an integrated approach to decommissioning by making use of resources available both domestically and internationally. In this regard, the project impact may go far beyond the scope of decommissioning techniques.


This CRP on Innovative and Adaptive Technologies in Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities is the ideal continuation of three CRPs conducted earlier in 1989–1993, 1994-1998 and 1997-2001 in the field of decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The main results of these CRPs were collected in TECDOCs for distribution to Member States as follows:

• INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decommissioning Techniques for Research Reactors: Final Report of a Co-ordinated Research Project (1997–2001), IAEA-TECDOC-1273, Vienna (2002).

Appendix E.136

• INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, New Methods and Techniques for Decontamination in Maintenance or Decommissioning Operations: Results of a Co-ordinated research Programme 1994-1998, IAEA-TECDOC-102 (1998)

• INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Decontamination and

Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities: Results of a Co-ordinated Research Programme, Phase II: 1989–1993, IAEA-TECDOC-716, Vienna (1993).

As decommissioning covers a broad, multi-disciplinary field, it is felt now that, to be cost-effective, a CRP should address specific technical disciplines (such as the decision-making in selection of decommissioning technologies in this case) and/or specific types of nuclear installations (such as research reactors in TECDOC-1273).


Since the need for decommissioning and environmental restoration exists on all continents, cleanup and restoration operations will tend to be of an international nature in the near future. There are three modes of international co-operation that can be utilised in this domain. The first is through bilateral arrangements between countries and/or organizations. The second is co-operation on a regional level and the third is through the activities of international organizations. The latter form of co-operation, with emphasis on information and technology exchange, including joint research and development and demonstration projects, has been very successful in the decommissioning area. Co-ordinated Research Projects are the typical mechanisms for implementing such a strategy. Co-operation of this nature has many benefits and is practical for several reasons. First, it makes good economic sense to share and learn from each other‘s experiences and compare future strategies. The resulting benefit is that it prevents duplication of efforts. A second point worth mentioning is that projects initiated by any or all of the international organizations tend to be considered more credible and therefore generate more financial support. Third, joint projects create a support network and a system of formal and informal peer reviews. This external review process enhances and adds technical credibility and validity to national approaches and methodologies. And finally, co-operation and exchange of information are required and used by countries as a means of checking their own progress - a means of calibration. As detailed in national papers, a CRP is also a means for participating institutions to establish bilateral or multilateral contacts bound to bear fruit independently of and extending beyond the CRP framework. It is important to maintain momentum gained in the sharing and transfer of practical decommissioning information and retain the “network” links formed in the CRP. The newly initiated IAEA International Decommissioning Network (IDN) provides a vehicle to sustain the benefits described in the previous paragraph. The IAEA should continue to expand its decommissioning programme in parallel with the growing awareness by Member States that their aging or shutdown facilities need timely, cost-effective and safe decommissioning.


IAEA-TECDOC-1602, Innovative and adaptive technologies in decommissioning of nuclear facilities, IAEA, Vienna (October 2008).

2009-annual-report.pdf - Coordinated Research Activities

Documents

Transcript of 2009-annual-report.pdf - Coordinated Research Activities