1. Waste Managemnet

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GREATER NILE PETROLEUM

Basic Environmental InformationE&P Waste Management Awareness Environmental Management System(EMS)

Course Out Line

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Environmental Problem of Sudan

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Marine Terminal

Muglad Basin

GNPOC Operations in Sudan

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Vegetation Type Rainfall (mm)

Area (Km2

)% Remarks

Desert 0 - 75

688, 000 26.9

Semi desert 75 - 300

455, 000 18.4

Low rainfall Savannah on sand

300 - 400

240, 000 9.68 Gum Arabic belt about 84, 986 Km2

Low rainfall Savannah on clay

400 - 800

340, 000 17.4 Heglig, Talih

Savannah Flood 800 - 1000

363, 000 10.6 Most of South Kordofan

High Rainfall Savannah

800 - 1000

247, 500 11.1

Mountainous Various 135, 000 5.4 Red Sea, MT

Total 2, 348, 000

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Environmental Problems of the Sudan Status

1 Desertification Loss of fertile land and productivity. Loss of vegetation cover, population migration, aggravation of poverty.

2 Bad Management of Water Resources Silt accumulation at tanks, irrigation canals. Loss of water and increase in water related diseases.3 Diminishing of vegetation cover (tree) Loss of forest areas

4 Degradation of Natural Pastors Overgrazing and loss of grazing land.

5 Degradation of Wildlife Degradation of wildlife habitat, loss of wildlife and animal resources.

6 Red Sea Pollution Pollution at coastal areas of red sea, loss of marine habitat and resources.

7 Increase in use of pesticides Agricultural habitat pollution, storage and disposal hazards, health and hygiene risk

8 Urban habitat degradation Increase of immigrants and competition on resources and degradation of services.

9 Legislative and constitutional weakness

Institutional breakdown in application and enforcement of regulations and acts.

10 Environmental awareness At local level as well as governmental and decision making level. Affecting participation and local involvement in rehabilitation programs

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The Green House effect:The sun’s rays penetrate the earth’s atmosphere and warm up the earth’s surface, which reflects heat back to the atmosphere and space.Combustion of coal, oil and gases increase the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases in the atmosphere. This reduces the radiation of heat into space. Heat is trapped like in a greenhouse and the earth heats up. (a future hazard)

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The Ozone layer DepletionThe ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the earth against most of the damaging ultraviolet rays. Air pollution creates ozone at ground level.When emissions of CFC gases reach the stratosphere, the ozone layer becomes thinner, and more of the damaging ultraviolet rays reach the ground. This is damaging to plant and animal life. (a future hazard)

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The Greenhouse Effect – What is happening The CO2 Situation

I: CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas. The atmosphere has always contained some CO2. Since 200 AD CO2 content in the atmosphere has shifted around an average value.CONTENT: 1850 approx. 280 ppm

1957 approx. 315 ppm1988 approx. 350 ppm

If the present trend continues, CO2 content will double by 2030. Burning 1 ton of coal releases 4 tons of CO2 II: The Earth’s mean temperature is increasing:1880 to 1940 0.25 oC (0.45 oF) increase1940 to 1970 0.20 oC (0.36 oF) decrease.1970 to 1980 0.30 oC (0.54 oF) increase.

An increase in CO2 causes an increase in global temperature

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Ozone: Our Future Choices International Agreements:A: If the ozone depleting gases are prohibited, the ozone layer will gradually build itself up again. There is still time to repair the present damage. B: 35 Countries that use large amounts of such gases signed the Montreal Protocol in Montreal in 1987. This International agreement calls for:· 25 % reduction in use of CFCs before 1995.· 50 % reduction of CFCs by 2000.Use of halons is to be stabilized by 1992.

Percentage

19%

4%

28%19%

30% Spray CansOtherFoam insulationDry CleanersRefrigerator

Gas %CO2 50CH4 11O3 9N2O 7

CFCs 23

Greenhouse Gases

Figure: 1988: 1.25 Million Tons CFC Produced

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Climate Change:The intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that: “ The balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernable human influence on global climate.” Expected results will include a shifting of climate zones, changes in species composition and the productivity of ecosystems, an increase in extreme weather events and impacts on human health. (Gross production of CO2

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Strategic Approaches

GNPOC Waste Management System: Aspect Register

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Part IBasic Environmental Info

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Pollution Types:a) Air Pollution b) Water Pollution c) Waste d) Land Contamination

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Environment The physical factors of the surroundings of the human beings including land, water, atmosphere, climate, sound, odour, taste, biological factors of animal and plants and the social factor of aesthetics’Pollution Direct or indirect alteration of the physical, chemical or biological of any part of the environment by discharging, emitting or depositing wastes which can cause harmful effects.’

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Global climate change

Polluted rivers and seas

Contaminated soils Urban smog and haze Loss of species Resource depletion

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Environmental Concerns

Legal Compliance: Standards +

Methods

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• Air Pollutants• CO2 • CO• CFC• lead• methane/ halon• NOx• SOx• VOC

• Waste• solid waste• hazardous waste

• Water Pollutants

• soluble organics• suspended solids• heavy and toxic metals

• oil and floating material

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• E&P, PL & A&S Environmental Issues...

Water & Marine Pollution: Oil spill, produced water, drilling mud, sewage

Atmospheric Pollution:Venting of Hydrocarbon, Gas Flaring, Fugitive Emission

Land Contamination:Waste disposal, oil and chemical spillage on land

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Part II: GNPOC Environmental Management

Legal Instrument(legislation, Convention)

Management System (HSEMS, EMS)

Financial Education & Training

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PlanningEnvironmental Aspect

• Elements of operational activities that have adverse or beneficial impact to the environment.

Activity: Pump Station operation

Aspect: Generation of waste and pig sludge

Impact: Land Contamination

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Legal GNPOC shall establish and maintain a procedure to

identify and have access to legal and other requirements to which GNPOC subscribes directly applicable to the environmental aspects of its activities.

Among related legislation are: Regulation for Protection of Environment in the

Petroleum Industry, Year 2002. Sudan National Regulation e.g Environmental Health

Act, 1975 International Convention ratified by Sudan:

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1974

Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of aden Environment, 1984

Protocol to the Jeddah Convention Concerning Regional Cooperation in combating Pollution by Oil and other Harmful Substances in Cases of Emergency, 1984

United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1985

Industry standard Licenses and Permits

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Objective and Target Example of objective and target for GNPOC:SMART

Early stage of operation: crude spillage from pigging activities

By the end of the year: a proper system to recycle sludge

generated from pigging to avoid open dumping

Area of environmental objectives and targets GNPOC to achieve: compliance to national legislation Establish environmental annual plan and activities Pollution prevention Environmental Impact reduction Emergency Preparedness Continual improvement Improvement in practices

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Implementation and OperationStructure and Responsibilities

Roles, responsibilities and authorities shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to facilitate effective management system.

Management shall provide resources (HR, training, financial) essential to the implementation and control of EMS.

Everyone understands the role they have to play

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Training and Awareness GNPOC shall identify training needs. It shall require that all personnel whom work may create a significant impact upon the environment have received appropriate training.

Training programme to include: Identify employee needs Develop training plan Verify that training programme meet regulatory/ organization requirements

Training target employee groups Document and evaluate training received

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Communication Environmental management should be included as part of general management meetings.

Communication includes establishing processes to report internally and externally in order to: Demonstrate management commitment to the environment

Deal with environmental issuesRaise awareness of the organization's policy, programs

Informing authorities – legal compliance.

How do we ensure our contractors do this ?

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Document Control

GNPOC shall establish and maintain procedures for controlling all documents to ensure that it can be located periodically reviewed and updated

Examples of document requiring controlled: contracts purchase records training records permit monitoring data operating procedure

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Records

GNPOC shall establish and maintain procedures for the identification, maintenance and disposition of environmental records.

Environmental records include: incident report complaint records contractor and supplier info inspection, maintenance and calibration records

process info product info training records audit results environmental laws emergency preparedness

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Audits

GNPOC to perform compliance audits to evaluate how well we are meeting government and related regulations as well company requirements.

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Management Review

GNPOC top management shall review EMS to ensure its continuing suitability and effectiveness.

Review should focus on: audit results the extent to which objectives and target have been met

continuing suitability of EMS in relation to changing environment

concern of interested parties

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Operational Control

Specific procedures and work instructions should be established for identified processes, functions and activities which could have significant environmental impacts.

What procedures are required to ensure that environmental

aspects are managed?

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Checking and Corrective ActionsMonitoring and Management

GNPOC shall establish and maintain documented procedures to monitor and measure the key characteristics of its operations (atmospheric emission, wastewater discharges, resource consumption, hazardous waste).

Procedure to include: monitoring location sampling frequency equipment requirement calibration reporting

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Part IIIWaste Management

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GREATER NILE PETROLEUM Waste: Any substances or material that is no longer used for its original purpose and requires disposal.

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Hazardous Waste: Waste that pose a threat to human health or the environment when improperly treated or disposed. It characteristics: corrosive, flammable, reactive, toxic, carcinogenic.

Examples: asbestos dust, chemical residue, broken apparatus containing mercury

Waste: Defective products, Emission to atmosphere, Wastewater discharge, Solid and liquid waste, Unusable and discharged chemical residue.

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• Non hazardous wastes: Are the normal everyday waste, such as paper, wood, plastic, food remains, scrap...etc which deemed to be non-hazardous by Government regulation.

• HSE Department shall provide advice

as required to work site on acceptable waste management system

and practices

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Waste management:Waste management:

Is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials.

The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each.

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• Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers

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WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

REDUCE / MINIMIZE

REUSE / RECYCLE

TREATMENT

DISPOSAL

PREVENT

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Waste Minimization

Reduce

How? Generating less waste through efficient process/practiceExamples:• Order chemical or lube oil in bulk or returnable drums• Segregate process stream to minimize hazardous sludge• Prevent leaks• Improve material handling and storage• Install efficient equipment

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ReuseHow? Reuse material in their original formExamples:• using filter elements that can be reused and require periodical cleaning•Returning chemical containers to the supplier so that they can be refilled•Oily wastes for road construction and stabilization•Burning waste oil for energy•Reused filtered lube oil for chemical injection pumps.

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ResidueHow? Left with an unavoidable waste residue which requires disposalExamples:• drain-out lube oil from drum as much as possible

Recycle How? Converting waste back to a useable materialExamples:• introducing spilled crude into process line (oily sewer) • recycle glass, paper, unspent chemicals

RecoverHow? Extracting material or energy from a waste for other usesExamples:•separate and recover HC from discharge oily water

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Why Waste Management? n

GR E ATER NILE PETR O LEUM

Business Sustainability Increased Product Value: Reduction of Product loss adds to the economic bottom line since production and processing costs have, to a large extent, already been incurred.

Development of Additional Markets: One Plant’s waste may be another feed. Consequently, waste exchange/sales are increasing. Thereby reducing disposal cost.

Reduced Waste Disposal Cost: The cost of disposal is rising due to energy cost for transportation and for carrying out the disposal (e.g. incineration). In addition, requirements to meet environmental standards are increasing, adding cost.

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Proper waste management:Identifying source of waste Minimize waste at siteClassification of wasteRequirement of handling, storage, transport, documentation

Proper disposal

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Waste

Problem with Waste?•Release of contaminants into ground and surface water, air or soil•Risk to personnel who handle the waste•Cost of abatement, storage, handling and disposal•Bad odors and litter

Common means for Waste Disposal/treatment

•Recycle or Reuse•Discharge to land at acceptable levels.•Deposition on land within local regulation. •Sanitary landfill..•Incineration..

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Normal method of disposal(e.g municipal dumping ground)

Waste generated

Implement Treatmentand Disposal

Refer to manual(for handling, storage,treatment and disposalprocedures)

Conduct chemical analysis

Identify Facilities forTreatment and Disposal

Prepare required documentation

Consult HSE

Waste Management Process

Is WasteInfo Sheet available in EMP?

Is the waste hazardous?(refer to WIS. If info is NA in WIS, use classification guideline)

Yes No

No

Yes

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Waste records to be retained at sites are: waste inventory letter of agreement with third party waste audit info shipping/transportation document hazardous waste manifest

Waste Records

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Waste Inventory

TYPE OFW ASTE

QTY UNIT(ton/drum/pcs)

M ETHOD OFDISPOSAL/HANDLING(landfill/discharge via treatmentsystem/store at site/return toVendor

•Sites are to prepare and maintain waste inventory and submit to HSE office onmonthly basis. This is to ensure that waste are properly managed and disposed.

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Waste Information Sheet WIS is available in EMP as a guide for managing waste at site. It contains key info such as:

General Info original use (what was material used for) physical state (the state of material exist - solid, liquid, gas) components (physical chemical components which may be present in the

waste e.g carbon, heavy metal, mercury benzene, etc) Potential Hazards

Class (category identifying waste stream hazards) MSDS Hazard symbol PPE Environmental ( impact to environment in case of spillage or

contamination Health (effect to health when in contact e.g corrosive,respiratory

irritant )

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Continue….. Waste Information Sheet Management Methods

Classification Storage Treatment/disposal Comments (for minimization and handling)

Transportation Info Placards Packaging Documents

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Waste oil (lubricant)

SludgeSpent chemicalSteel drumsFluorescent bulbsFiltersScrap metalsBatteriesOily ragsDrilling mudDomestic waste

nCommon Waste Generated by E & P Industries

Aspect Register Targets

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Handling of Hazardous Waste SEGREGATION

-Segregate hazardous and non hazardous-Do not mix

STORAGE•Use a proper container•Storage area located at least 100m from watercourse•Provide secondary spill containment to prevent spillage•Avoid storing in a pile•Do not store in earthen pit

IDENTIFICATION/LABELING•Mark all containers as to the contents and proper labeling• Post safety warning signage

TRANSPORTATION•Provide transport documentation (types of waste,classification,qtyPrecaution, contact person, treatment, disposal/treatment destination)•Packaged,labeled, identification, placards

TREATMENT(approved/licensed facility)

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Waste Management Policy

GNPOC is committed to the proper management of all Company wastes that are generated through normal operational and construction activities.Proper environmental management ensures both the protections of the environment and compliance with government legislation.

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GNPOC Contractors Waste Management

“GNPOC monitoring to ensure proper segregation, storage, identification / labelling, transportation and treatment of waste streams.

GNPOC inspecting contractors systems throughout:• Contractor waste handling “Waste Manifest” daily and monthly

trends.• Waste segregation and waste types.• Contractors waste staff and adequate PPE.• Waste procedures Reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery and

final disposal.” GNPOC President Memo for all contractors on December 29

2004 “Contractors Management to show commitment and concern on

our accountability towards the business practices associated with Waste Management performance.”

Heglig – FBM Memo for all E&P Contractors on June, 09 2004

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The Bioremediation Process

• Generally bioremediation is the optimization of the natural biodegradation process.

• Bacteria can alter and break down contaminants, transforming them into harmless substances.

• Phytoremediation can be defined as the use of plants to achieve the conditions necessary to facilitate the breakdown of contaminants.

• Wetland plant species, draw oxygen down to their root network in order to survive water logged conditions.

• This improves the soil environment, offering both aerobic and anaerobic pockets of degradation.

• Such conditions allow a vast range of Microbial species to flourish. 51

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Phragmites australis

• The Reed species used throughout the Bioremediation sites is Phragmites australis.

• The reeds are indigenous and originally sourced from the banks of the river Nile in Khartoum.

• Phragmites possess an extraordinary system of regeneration with a single primary root shooting horizontal ‘runners’ in all directions thus increasing reed coverage substantially as these runners develop primary roots also.

• The Heglig system was planted from this original batch of reeds, while the remaining systems were planted from a reed stock cultivated within the Heglig system itself.

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Reed Root network

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N2 Nitrogen H2O Water CO2 Carbon dioxide

NO3 Nitrates

02 Oxygen

NH4 Ammonia (CH2O)n Carbohydrates

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The Bioremediation Network • Three stage process from the CPF to treated water outlet – Transfer of produced water from the CPF ponds to the Bioremediation storage lagoons – Transfer from Lagoons to Reed beds – Transfer from Reed beds to Balancing Canals

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System Overview

• Bunds constructed from locally sourced material.

• The materials impermeable nature make it ideal for bund construction, preventing the untreated water from entering the groundwater table.

• Various methods of hydraulic transfer throughout the system • Weir Gates • Valves • Distribution channels • Pump sumps • Concrete erosion basins

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Storage lagoons

• Water enters the system from the CPF between 30-40 degrees centigrade

• In order to increase treatment efficiency, the water is stored in large lagoons and allowed to cool

• This also allows any free oil to separate and float to the top

• This results in an oil emulsion layer which is removed periodically by vacuum truck and returned to the CPF

• The storage lagoons also allow any suspended particles to settle before the water enter the reed beds. 58

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Reed Beds

• Water is transferred to the bed via weir gates, valves and distribution channels, ensuring even distribution of water across the Reed Bed

• The water then passes through the soil and thus the reed root network where the processes already discussed degrade the dissolved oil

• Water then exits the reed bed via a weir gate which allows flow rate to be adjusted according to the required residence time

• Residence times are calculated from parameter data which is collected on a daily basis. They can range upwards of 4 days depending upon the contaminant concentration. 59

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Balancing Canals

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Balancing Canals

• Water exits the reed beds into balancing canals, which act as a buffer zone for the treated water before being discharged from the system

• Balancing canals were also planted with Phragmites australis acting as tertiary treatment

• As the water has been adequately treated by the reed bed, the main reason for the Balancing canal reeds is to offer a constant stock of reeds, for planting of new systems, to replant damaged areas of established ones and to act as a barrier to invasive plant species, namely Typha spp.

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Facts and Figures

• Parameter data is collected on a daily basis from multiple positions throughout the bioremediation system.

• These parameters include; • Dissolved Oxygen • Electrical conductivity • pH • Temperature • Total dissolved Solids

• BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) tests are carried out for inlet and outlet samples once a week 63

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Environmental Management System

(EMS)

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An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a framework that allows an organization to consistently control its significant impact on the environment, and continually improve its business operations.

A tool to manage environmental aspects of a company’s operations Based on guidelines that a company can adhere to on a voluntary basis, in order to control its environmental impacts on the basis of self-determined environmental policy and objectivesBritish BS 7750, 1992European Union Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), 1993 ISO 14001 has been developed as an international standard to avoid the proliferation of different EMS standards

What is an Environmental Management System (EMS)?

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The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a non-

governmental organization formed in 1947 to promote worldwide standardization

through the adoption of standards in all important areas of human activity.

ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from some 130 countries,

one from each country. Its members represent 95 percent of the world's industrial production. The need for

international standardization stems from the growth of world trade, and is the logical result of a process which began

centuries ago when standards of weight and measure were developed by individual

communities.

I S O

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• ISO 14001 is an internationally accepted standard that defines the requirements for establishing and operating an Environmental Management System.

• The standard recognize that organizations can be concerned about both their own profitability and managing environmental impacts. ISO 14001 integrates these two motives and provides a refreshingly workable methodology to achieve an effective Environmental Management System.

• ISO 14001 cab be used as a tool; it focus on controlling your environmental aspects or the way that your activities products and services interact with the environment; for example, emissions to air, land or water.

• When you are ISO 14001 certified, you demonstrate that you manage your environmental duties in a responsible manner and reduce the risk of breaking the law and potentially being liable for large fine.

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The ISO 14000 family is primarily concerned with “Environmental Management".

This means, what the organization does to: Minimize harmful effects on the

environment caused by its activities, and to

Achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance.

ISO 14001

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WHY AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?

STRUCTURED AND SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION

IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

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Environmental PolicyISO14001 EMS

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

GNPOC IS COMMITTED TO: • MINIMISE / PREVENT POLLUTION ARISING OUT OF ITS ACTIVITIES,

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES,

• PROMOTE RESOURSE CONSERVATION & WASTE MINIMISATION,

• COMPLY WITH ALL THE RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND CORPORATE HSE POLICY,

• ROTECT ITS EMPLOYEES AGAINST OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS,

• CONTINUALLY IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH ITS REVIEW AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES.

•

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EMS ELEMENTS –ISO14001

ENVIRONMENT POLICY

PLANNINGENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

LEGAL & OTHER REQUIREMENTSOBJECTIVES AND TARGETS

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES

IMPLEMENTATION &OPERATION

STRUCTURE & RESPONSIBILITYTRAINING AWARENESS & COMPETENCE

COMMUNICATIONEMS DOCUMENTATIONDOCUMENT CONTROL

OPERATIONAL CONTROLEMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS & PLAN

CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION

MONITORING & MEASUREMENTNON CONFORMANCE AND CORRECTIVE

& PREVENTIVE ACTIONRECORDS EMS AUDITS

MANAGEMENT REVIEW

CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

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Accreditation – Actions &

Environmental Aspects

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Initial Environmental Audit Env. Policy – Top Management

Awareness and Training Auditing Agency Appointment EMS Documents Required:

Environmental Legislation Manual. Environmental Management Manual. Environmental Procedure Manual. Environmental Operational Manual. Env. Aspects & Evaluation Criteria.

Cont..

Accreditation Actions

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Internal Audit (In-house) Presentation of findings of

Audit to Steering Committee Compliance to NCR Environmental Management Plans

(EMP)

Accreditation Actions

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External Audit – Initial Audit Compliance to NCR External Audit – Final Audit

Accreditation – 3 years Surveillance Audit – Once in 6

months

Status Update

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Objective of ISO 14001 to GNPOC Staff

• Understand the environmental performance is a recognized responsibility of each employee.

• Understand the environmental aspects of their job – what they do that causes interaction with the environment, and the environmental impacts or results of those interactions.

• Know which aspects are considered “significant” across the organization and support objectives and targets that are designed to minimize those significant aspects.

• Understand the benefits of improved personal performance and the potential consequences from departure of policies/procedures.

• Understand the requirements and responsibilities within GNPOC’s directives, in particular, Integrated HSE Management Program and GNPOC Environmental Management System.

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The benefits that GNPOC will gain with ISO 14001:

• Improved environmental performance led by top management commitment.

• Cost saving can be achieved through improved efficiencies in energy and water usage and through waste minimization.

• Reduced risk of pollution incidents and other releases to the environment and therefore avoidance of unnecessary clean up costs and/or enforcement action by regulatory bodies.

• Compliance with legislation through the identification of new legislation in adequate time to address appropriate issues.

• Reduced risk of non-compliance with legislation and subsequent cost/prosecution.

• Improved business focus and communication of environmental issues.

• Improved profitability through costs reductions.77

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The Benefit of Application of ISO 14001 to GNPOC Facilities

• Provide a basis for effective environmental programs.

• Reduce cost in long term.• Encourage continues improvement and reduce environmental impact.

• Reduce the risk of legal contraventions.• Improve credibility through third-party inspection.

• Reinforce corporate image.78

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Assessment of the status after getting certification

• Conserved energy and materials through resource management and recycling/reuse.

• Implemented pollution prevention program to eliminate or reduce waste and emissions.

• Complied with all applicable laws, regulations, and standard through regulatory compliance program.

• Improved waste management system.• Closely monitored the environmental aspects of the operation that have significant impact on the environment.

• Immediate response or/and rectification to non conformity.

• Increased the staff awareness on environmental aspects.

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Let us all come together to make GNPOC

An Environmental Friendly Organization

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1. Waste Managemnet

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