The National Zoo (Malay: Zoo Negara) is a zoo inMalaysia situated on 110 sections of land (45 ha) ofarea in Ulu Klang, close Taman Melawati, in north-east Kuala Lumpur. It was authoritatively opened on14 November 1963 by the nation's first PrimeMinister, Tunku Abdul Rahman. The recreationcenter is overseen by a non-administrativeassociation known as the Malaysian ZoologicalSociety. For subsidizing, Zoo Negara depends ondoor accumulations and on backing frombenefactors and supporters. Zoo Negara is home to5137 creatures of 459 unique species.

Throughout the years, the zoo has changed itself toan open idea zoo with more than 90% of itscreatures kept in roomy shows with scene befittingits inclination. Zoo Negara got MS ISO 9001:2008confirmation in July 2007, and is an individual fromthe South East Asian Zoos Association (SEAZA). ThePresident and executive of the zoo is Y. Bhg. Dato'Ismail Hutson. There are numerous advancementsthat developed by Zoo Negara to enhance the livingnature of creatures and the earth of the zoo. Thereare just the passageway and the organization officeare still remain the pioneer building design style inthe Zoo Negara. The Giant Panda Conservation andExhibition Center was built amid year 2013. As theprotection and presentation focus was fabricated,there are numerous structures and space expelledfrom the first place, which implies the past buildinghad been evacuated.

The progressions created by the development of theGiant Panda protection and display are newdevelopment for butterfly plant, relocation of openwashroom, development of bamboo and set up anadministration office for panda administration.

Area: 110 acresDate opened: 14 November 1963Architect: Dato’ Kington LooStyle: PostmodernistLocation: Zoo Negara, Hulu Kelang,

68000 Ampang,Selangor Darul Ehsan3°12′35″N 101°45′28″E

Awards: Tourism Gold Award 1988ISO 9001:2008 (2007)

Annual visitors: >1,000,000Species exhibited: 459Number of animals: 5137Exhibits: 16

Giant Panda CCButterfly GardenAmphibian WorldHornbill CentreReptile HouseMalaysian ElephantsLake BirdsBird AviaryAustralian PlainHumboldt PenguinChildren’s WorldBear ComplexSavannah WalkHippopotamusMammal KingdomT Abdul Rahman AquariumCat WalkApe Centre

Zoo Negara started life in 1957, when theMalayan Agri-Horticultural Association opened aminiature zoo. The idea of a zoo caught thepublic’s attention, and, with the zeal and spirit ofindependence still riding high, the idea gainedmuch momentum. The federal government chosea spot in Ulu Klang, Selangor, which was locatednext to the border of the Federal Territory ofKuala Lumpur .

In the 1960s, Ulu Klang was an undeveloped greenarea, with jungle covering much of the area. Whenthe then prime minister Tunku Abdul Rahmanopened the zoo in 1963, the National Zoo, or ZooNegara, was nicknamed the “Zoo in the Jungle” dueto its site situation and context at the time.

Three years after the zoo opened its door, themillionth visitor was recorded on the 14th ofFebruary 1966.

In 1986, the zoo began recording over a millionvisitors per year.

The economic boom of the 1980s caused Ulu Klangto experience massive development, which largeamounts of land zoned for residential buildings.Thus, the land value of the zoo skyrocketed.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, plans were madeto move the zoo to other locations, but this wasquickly shot down by both the government andpublic and seen as an attempt by developers tocapitalize on the value of the zoo’s land.

Malaysia receives a pair of pandas from China. Toaccommodate this, Zoo Negara constructs a newpavilion specifically to house the pandas.

Kington Loo (1930-2013) was a Malaysianarchitect who reportedly was among a group ofarchitects who brought modernism to SoutheastAsia after World War II.

Kington Loo was educated in architecture at theUniversity of Melbourne, as there wasn’t aarchitecture course in Malaya at the time. Hegraduated in 1953, and joined the firm of Booty,Edwards & Partners (BEP). He eventually becameone of the partners of the firm, and wasresponsible for many of the iconic early modernbuildings in Malaysia.

His work includes:

Chan, C. (1987). Post-merdeka architecture. [Kuala Lumpur]: Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia.

Tay, L., & Ngiom,. (2000). 80 years of architecture in Malaysia (p. 87). Kuala Lumpur: PAM Publication.

Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.malaysiasite.nl/zoonegara.htm

Zoo Negara: A Journey through Time. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/journeythroughtime.pdf

Site analysis is a preliminary step that we asarchitects take in architectural or urban designprocesses which is dedicated to the climatic,geographical, historical, legal, and infrastructuralcontext of a specific site.

The secret of site analysis is to design a goodrelationship with the building and its site. Workingwith a building’s surrounding by hiding them,improving them, or even supporting them can leadto additional value to that area. As an architect, wemust have the affinity to look beyond our building’simmediate site and to analyse what is there aroundin that could lead to a successful project. Thiselements can be permanent or not, in which is itintangible, issues that can be used to inform yourarchitectural site analysis.

In this case, we have chosen the National Zoo inMalaysia. An understanding of the site and itsenvironment is an integral part of a buildingprogram and is a prerequisite for a good design,hence a study on the Zoo Negara to see if thiselements were applied has been done.

Zoo Negara is a public building, hencethere is no need for any hassle to acquireany permission to enter. Only cases ofvolunteer work is needed of this process.Parking is easy to find if you’re early butcan get a bit congested during publicholidays, currently there is only 600parking available even with the extensionof the Zoo Negara Aquarium.

With the grand opening of the new panda’s in Zoo Negara, it has been relatively pack at the

zoo. The new panda area is placed in a building that is air-condition. There is a ticketing booth

before entry and a line to queue is required because it’s new and popular at the moment.

There are tedious process to enter the building such as you are required to pick up a blank

paper from the clerk before the booth, he or she will write a number on it before you are able

to purchase the tickets, and therefore there is basically two lines to queue before entering. This

is probably to count the amount of visitation it gets since opening. Viewers are allowed up to

15 minutes before the next batch comes in, and it’s in immediate intervals, so movement is

pretty heavy at the entrance during peak hours.

Announcement has been made in July this year that a multi-level parking containing additional 2,000 parking bays will commence construction as soon as possible. This is likely due to the popular visits for the two new adopted pandas.

In regards of the main entrance, Figure 1 refers to the expected crowd during public holidays,

for on the day of our visit, there was school trips planned for children on that day as well. The

style on entry system is similar to that of Genting Highlands Amusement Park and also Sunway

Lagoon. It is systematic in a way they can monitor entry but because there is no essential line up

for people to queue, a make shift line is needed to be made with guidance.

The Zoo Negara was once surroundedby thick forest in 1963. It wasnicknamed the Zoo in the Jungle whenit was open, for it was essentially builtinside a jungle. However, through theyears, development started in thatarea and now has houses built aroundthe edges of its 110 acre land. It haslost its essence of the Zoo in the junglebut gain more population near itslocation. When development hit,controversy arose from the locals thatwere living around the zoo regardingissues of smell.

Government officials then consulted differentdevelopment groups and came up with an ideato move the zoo somewhere else whichcaused a huge debate internally and publicly.There was no contingency on how buildingsare to be built around the zoo of that time,hence this problem arose. What developershould have done was to put buffer spaces inbetween the zoo and residential areas. Goodexamples are to build a zoo in a park or build apark around the zoo, for example, Central Park(United States) and Ueno Park (Japan)

Annual rainfall in Malaysia is on average of

2,266mm, during the wet seasons the rainfall

per month can reach up to 12 inches and during

the dry seasons it reaches till 4 inches.

However, Zoo Negara is approximately 2000m

above sea level and is heavily surrounded by

the rainforest to its north-west region allowing

it to have minimum flooding in its area. Even so,

the Zoo Negara Lake (Tunku Abdul Rahman

Lake) and also large man made ponds build in

the enclosure for the animal’s acts as a

reservoir to balance out heavy rains.

In spite of that, there are no signs of huge (main)

draining in case of need of assistant when a flood

has occurred in the area which can be seen as an

improvement for the future.

The climate in Malaysia is categorized as

equatorial, which means it’s a tropical,

hot and humid area. This is because

Malaysia is surrounded by the Titiwangsa

Mountains on the east and Indonesia’s

Sumatra Island on the west. Malaysia has

two seasons, dry and wet, however

Malaysia can still experience to heavy

rainfall anytime of the year. At Zoo

Negara which is located 8 mile South-

East from the heart of Kuala Lumpur is

exposed to the dry and wet seasons of

Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur receives most of

its rainfall from the monsoon period,

September to April, and the least during

the dry season, May to July.

Themalaysianinsider.com,. 'Zoo Negara To Build 2,000-Bay Car Park - The Malaysian Insider'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/citynews/greater-kl/article/zoo-negara-to-build-2000-bay-car-park/zoo-negara-to-build-2000-bay-car-park

Tripadvisor.com.my,. 'Long Way To Go For Zoo Negara To Reach World-Class Standard - Zoo Negara, Ampang Traveller Reviews - Tripadvisor'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. https://www.tripadvisor.com.my/ShowUserReviews-g1087671-d1595517-r232408147-Zoo_Negara-Ampang_Selangor.html

Zoonegaramalaysia.my,. 'Welcome To Zoo Negara'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/journeythroughtime.pdf

Voyage99.com,. 'Kuala Lumpur Weather - Kuala Lumpur Climate, Kuala Lumpur Weather Forecast'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://www.voyage99.com/tourist-attraction/kuala-lumpur/weather.html

Worldweatheronline.com,. 'Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Weather Averages | Monthly Average High And Low Temperature | Average Precipitation And Rainfall Days | World Weather Online'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Kuala-Lumpur-weather-averages/Kuala-Lumpur/MY.aspx

Science Buzz Malaysia,. 'Science Buzz Malaysia - Displaying Items By Tag: Zoo Negara Malaysia'. N.p., 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. http://sciencebuzz.my/en/tag/Zoo-Negara-Malaysia

The National Zoo of Malaysia is in an amazingposition. Once in a generation, a zoo is entrustedwith the confidence of its community, the funds tocarry out significant improvements and an excitingnew vision and direction. Taking full advantage ofthis opportunity, the zoo is making changes that willnot only improve the welfare of the animals in itscharge but influence how zoo animals are managedaround the world.

A master plan is a vision of the future zoo thatguides its development and evolution over time. Itnarrates the story of the zoo's plans for the future. Itdescribes the zoo's vision and goals, the purposeand intent for each facility, and includes a budget,sequence and timeline of construction projects thatwill bring the future vision to reality. Thisrepresentation of the zoo's future is an essentialtool to coordinate the development of the zoo'sseparate facilities into a coherent, effective andunique institution with a clear and recognizabletheme and mission

In 1970, the National Zoo of Malaysia (ZooNegara) was organized around a forestedsurrounding situated 8 miles from the KLcity. Providing a gradual slope, visitors weregently led from the entrance towards themain attraction of the zoo for kids - theChildren’s World. Forty-five years ofepisodic development, expansion, andmodifications within a limited amount ofspace reshaped the Zoo Negara.

Over the years as the zoo has expanded sohas the number of visitors, providing anexcellent venue for people, especiallycrowds to organize gathering, events,interactive interpretive opportunities andguest services.

Electronic ticketing and membership cards areimplemented to consolidate ticket sales andaccess control into one location to shortenwait times in ticket lines. Prominent zooidentity signage is installed facing the parkinglot.

There are two entrances in the Zoo NegaraCampus, Entrance A is situated at the Southwhereas Entrance B is at the East. However,there is only one ticket counter which is locatednear Entrance A.

Furthermore, the entry plaza is graciousin scale to accommodate huge crowds,provide visitor services such asrestrooms, food and retail, allow foremergency access, and facilitate way-finding.

Spatial hierarchy refers to an ascending ordescending order of significance of space,for instance major space vs. the minor;public space vs. the non-public; primarypedestrian path vs. secondary or auxiliarypedestrian paths.

This plaza remains open for easy circulationand free of visual obstructions for the largenumbers of visitors who are orientingthemselves.

As far as Zoo Negara is concerned, the sequenceof significant spaces from public to private wouldbe as follow: concert lawn for animal show >hubs/ plazas> pedestrian paths> animal exhibits >visitor services such as toilets, restaurants,education facilities and veterinary hospital.

Concert Lawn Hubs/ PlazasPedestrian

PathsAnimalExhibits

Visitor Services

The National Zoo of Malaysia can beorganized into zones, each one with atheme, the zoning of the zoo is thusextremely structured and well-planned.

Historically, zoos have been organized by taxonomy and geography and, recently, by climate zones.

But in Zoo Negara, themes can be otherwise defined: for instance, animal colors and coat patterns, animal sounds, habitat strata, etc., as long as the selected theme is consistent.

There are 19 exhibits inZoo Negara, such asSavannah Walk, thelargest open conceptexhibit in the zoocampus, is a homeshared by a variety ofAfrican animals likeStable antelopes,Scimatar horned oryx,giraffes, ostriches,zebras and whiterhinoceroses.

A good master planning of zoo will be able topromote effective stewardship of the naturalworld by bringing people close to livinganimals, applying and advancingconservation, science and education andsetting standards and excellence in animalwelfare and environmental responsibility.

To have a successful visitor experience, it is notenough to work at the level of each individualexhibit, but it is mandatory to organize visitorcirculation for the whole zoo.

As the winner of Tourism Gold Award 1988,the National Zoo of Malaysia attracts morethan 1 million people a year. Visits to the ZooNegara are enhanced by hubs which providea multitude of places to gather, rest, andplay, while meeting the needs of the visitorwith restrooms and food facilities. Each hubspace will encourage and engage visitorswith interactive play and exploratoryinformation, each in a different way.

Focused on educational programming andservices to help visitors learn aboutendangered animals and conservation, theWest Hub contains the Giant PandaConservation Centre.

The new perimeter service road solvesmany current service access problemsand allows construction vehicles to movearound the site, eliminating mostconflicts with, and providing a saferenvironment, for the visitors. Much of thenew utility infrastructure loop will beinstalled in the service road to support allthe bond projects and future master planprojects.

Emergency access is improved considerably withthe addition of the service road, the raising of thetrain trestle for proper clearance underneath, andby widening and connecting the spine to providethrough access for fire trucks and emergencyvehicles.

The zoo tram is a beloved institution atthe zoo, including both children andparents. The zoo is committed toimproving the tram (tour bus)experience for guests and the new zooroute will allow visitor views into animalhabitats rather than into the back ofhouse areas, which is the currentexperience. The new route eliminates allpedestrian and vehicular track crossingsfor visitor safety, and allows fire truckaccess throughout the zoo under thetrestles.

Zoos are conservation organizations which are uniquely placed to serve the need of conservation of species of wildlife, especially in a situation when wildlife and wilderness are under severe pressure and struggling for their survival in the natural habitats.

The zoological garden thus functions as a cultural showcase of animals and nature. The design is a consequence of human interpretations of the way in which the natural world should be perceived and presented.

Zoo Negara plan’s asymmetry andopenness offers flexible space andadaptable usage, all spaces tend to flowtogether as part of one contiguouscentral space, reflecting a more casualand relaxed way of life. The bestmodernism architecture is efficient,generous usage of sun and shading arethus emphasized to enhance humancomfort.

The National Zoo of Malaysia is thelargest and most complex zoo in thecountry, its hierarchy can be extendedto have several exhibit loops thatbegin and end at one distributionspace (hub/plaza).

This scheme provides structure todevelop a different theme for eachloop, with the distribution space asthe transition from one theme to theother. The visitors can select the zonesthey wish to visit and the sequence ofvisitation depending on the time andenergy they have, alwaysencountering the visitor services andthe exit in the distribution space.

Modernism architecture is typically free of clutter and unnecessary elements, modern tastes enjoy simplicity and clarity. Modernism architecture emphasizes on angular forms and horizontal and vertical lines. Zoo Negara’s plan is clean, direct and simple, showing a unique Modern style with the sense of true Minimalism.

Another positive aspect of this type oforganization is that service circulation can belocated on the periphery of the zoo, therebyminimizing the conflict of crossings withvisitor circulation.

The overall goals of the zoo’songoing interpretive planning anddesign efforts are to provideintegrated play-based learningopportunities, to help guestsunderstand and appreciate

the zoo’s commitment to sustainable practices, andto create a more synergistic experience for guestsacross the entire campus. This positions the zooitself – its environmental resources and stewardshipof those resources, its husbandry and animal carepractices, and its conservation programs – as anessential part of that experience.

BREM Barbara (2012) Zoo Walkways: The Path to Connecting with Nature. 21st Biennial Conference of IZE (International Zoo Educators). Conference Proceedings. Chester, England.

COE, Jon C. (2012) Design and Architecture: Third Generation Conservation, Post-Immersion and Beyond. Presentation at the 2012 Future of Zoos Symposium. Buffalo, New York.

COLLADOS, Gustavo, YANEZ Laura, HARRISON Bernard (2005) Visitor Circulation in Zoos. Paper presented at the 2nd Joint Conference of SEAZA and ARAZPA, 1-5 May 2005, Melbourne, Australia.

Oregon zoo. (c2010). Importance of a Master Plan. Retrieved 12 November, 2015, from http://www.oregonzoo.org/discover/new-zoo/thanks-you-better-zoo/importance-master-plan

Zoolex. (n.d.). ZooLex Zoo Design Organization. Retrieved 12 November, 2015, from http://www.zoolex.org/research.html

Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Zoo Negara Malaysia. Retrieved 12 November, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/exhibits.html

An architectural style is defined by the features

that make a building or other structures

distinguished and historically recognizable. Certain

elements such as form, method of construction,

building materials, and regional character defines a

particular style. Most architecture are classified as a

chronology of styles which changes over time. This

reflects change in technology, fashion, beliefs and

religions, emergence of new ideas or materials

which leads to the style in particular. Architectural

styles will forever change gradually, due to the

adaptation of new ideas and designs.

For Zoo Negara, the architectural style adopted was postmodernism. Postmodern

architecture started off as an international style where some of the early works

were dated back to the 1950s. It evolved from the modernist movement where

ornaments and references from other periods were introduced back to the façade,

replacing the then aggressively unornamented modern styles. What used to be

bland, mundane and overly simplistic was now replaced by ornaments, colour and

decoration. This contradicts modernism where minimalism and “Less is more” were

celebrated. Postmodernism on the other hand seeks meaning and expression in the

use of building techniques and forms. It uplifts the architecture as both functional

and artistic in nature.

Zoo Negara is one of the fine examples of postmodernism introduced to Malaysia,

thanks to Dato’ Kington Loo, the architect of this project. From the entrance of Zoo

Negara, to the ticketing counter and to the administration office, all three areas of

the building have barrel vault ceilings (Figure 1), which were one of the significant

architectural elements adapted from classical Roman examples as shown in Figure

2.

Figure 1: Barrel vault ceilings.

Figure 2: Similarities between Roman barrel vaults and Zoo Negara’s barrel vault ceilings..

Another notable Roman architectural element

adapted into the design of Zoo Negara is the

rotunda. In this case, the administration office

is the rotunda (Figure 3). This has made the

floor plan of the office, the façade, stairs and

fish pond circular in shape as seen in Figure 4

below.

Figure 3: Rotunda-like administration building

Figure 4: Administration building interior

The rotunda itself is under a concrete dome, with a central

opening (oculus) to the sky as seen in Figure 5. This design

was also applied in the Pantheon (Figure 6). The oculus

allows natural lighting to enter the building during the day,

illuminating the interior spaces.

Chan, C. (1987). Post-merdeka architecture. [Kuala Lumpur]: Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia.

Encyclopedia Britannica,. (2015). rotunda | architecture. Retrieved 8 November 2015, fromhttp://global.britannica.com/technology/rotunda-architecture

Tay, L., & Ngiom,. (2000). 80 years of architecture in Malaysia (p. 87). Kuala Lumpur: PAMPublication.

Tourism.gov.my,. (2015). Architecture | Tourism Malaysia. Retrieved 6 November 2015, fromhttp://www.tourism.gov.my/en/us/about-malaysia/culture-n-heritage/architecture

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Putting aside these Roman architectural influences, the administration building itself

uses materials such as glass, aluminium and reinforced concrete (Figure 6). This was

how postmodernism was introduced through the design of Zoo Negara; having

modern structures while incorporating traditional forms inspired by Roman

architecture, making it both functional and artistic.

Additionally, Zoo Negara was observed to have no local influences such as high

pitched roofs, structures built on stilts, nor were they built of hardwood. Hence, it

can be said that the postmodernism style adopted was solely influenced by modern

buildings as in the west.

There are numerous advancements that developedby Zoo Negara to enhance the living nature ofcreatures and the earth of the zoo. There are justthe passageway and the organization office are stillremain the pioneer building design style in the ZooNegara.

The Giant Panda Conservation and Exhibition Centerwas built amid year 2013. As the protection andpresentation focus was fabricated, there arenumerous structures and space expelled from thefirst place, which implies the past building had beenevacuated.

The progressions created by the development of theGiant Panda protection and display are newdevelopment for butterfly plant, relocation of openwashroom, development of bamboo and set up anadministration office for panda administration.

Zoo Negara utilized bond solid deck,tile deck and block flooring for thefloor framework to accomplish thecapacity as establishment on theground to bolster the live load anddead load that exchanged by segmentsand bearing dividers.

The technique for laying bond soliddeck on ground floor of a building canbe comprehensively separated in theaccompanying steps.

Cement Concrete Floor is usuallyutilized both as a part of privateand in addition open structures.

(i) Preparation of sub-base:

The earth filling in plinth is combinedcompletely in order to guarantee thatno free pockets are left in the entireregion. A 10 to 15 cm. thick layer ofclean coarse sand is then spread overthe entire territory. The sand layer asolidified and dressed to the requiredlevel and incline.

(ii) Laying of base cement:

The base cement utilized under floorsmay be bond solid or lime cement laidto a thickness shifting from 75 to 10cm. If there should be an occurrenceof bond cement, the blend generallyutilized is 1:5:10 (1 concrete: 5 sand:10 stone or over blazed block totals 40mm. ostensible size). Lime concrete, ifutilized, ought to be made up out of 40mm. ostensible size stone/over blazedblock total and 40% mortar containing1 lime : 2 sand/surkhi or 1 lime : 1surkhi/powder : 1 sand. The base solidlayer is stored over the entire zone,altogether lighted and leveled to anunpleasant surface.

(iii) Laying the fixing:

At the point when the base solid layerhas completely set and solidified, itssurface is altogether cleaned and thewhole region is partitioned intorectangular or square boards byutilization of 4 mm, thick glass strips or5mm, thick plain asbestos strips. Themeasure of board is fundamentallyadministered by the area of floor(uncovered or indoor), temperatureand other climatic conditions,thickness of fixing and extents offixings in solid blend. And so on. By andlarge, the zone of one such boardought not ideally be more than 2 sq.m. The surface of base cement oughtto be made soggy and connected witha layer of slick bond slurry precedinglaying the fixing. The harsh completedsurface of base cement covered withconcrete slurry guarantees sufficientbond between the base and thegarnish. The bond solid garnish,ordinarily comprising of 1:2:4 (1concrete: 2 sand: 4 stone total) is thenlaid in required thickness in oneoperation in the boards. The solid isspread equally by utilizing a straightedge and the surface is altogetherpacked and drifted with woodenfolates till the cream of the mortarcomes at top. The surface is thensmoothened lastly wrapped up bymethod for steel trowels. On the offchance that glass or plain asbestosstrips are not required, the boards areframed by utilization of wooden orpoint iron secures. The boards ought tohave profundity identical to that ofsolid garnish. The surface of the stripswhich is to interact with cement, iscovered with crude linseed oil beforecementing. Concrete for the garnish isthen laid in substitute boards andcompleted as depicted previously. Theboards utilized for shaping boards areuprooted following day and the garnishcement laid in the substitute boards.

In the event that the bond solid ground

surface is to be laid over R.C.C. section, it is

common to permit the chunk cement to

solidify and afterward lay the ground surface.

Before laying, the chunk top is cleaned of all

earth, dust, free particles, mortar droppings

and flotsam and jetsam and so forth and the

deck laid as portrayed under the sub-head

'laying of fixing' above.

To keep the propensity of division of the.

bond solid deck from the R.C.C. section, a 20

mm. thick padding layer of lime mortar (1

lime : 2 sand/surkhi or/lime : 1 surkhi/sand)

or 50 to 75 mm. thick lime cement is some of

the time gave between the R.C.C. piece and

the bond solid ground surface.

On the off chance that the working conditions

allow, the ground surface can likewise be laid

solidly over the R.C.C. chunk while the section

cement is still green. For this situation, the

chunk cement is roughened with wire

brushes in order to guarantee a decent bond

between the base and the ground surface

layer. Before laying of deck, the section

surface is cleaned and a layer of concrete

slurry is connected over it. For this situation,

any incline required for the floor is given in

auxiliary solid itself.

The ground surface ought to be cured for 10

days before use.

Advantages of Cement Concrete Flooring Non-absorbent and very useful for water stores Durable Smooth, pleasing in appearanceEconomical Easily maintained clean

Disadvantages of Cement Concrete FlooringCannot be rectifiedCannot be satisfactorily repaired by patch work

The wide-spine segments aredeveloped to exchange the buildingburdens to the establishment. Thesegment that conveys the heapdown to establishment must loadwithout overemphasizing theestablishment materials.

.

The segments on top of solidestablishment is fabricated bystrengthened cement and the steelsegment must have a base plate tospread the heap over a bigger range andin this manner diminish the bearingweight by settled on a solidestablishment

Numerous built dividers in the Zoo Negara are delegated burden bearing divider. Burdenbearing divider means can't be taken in haphazardly or the building will crumple as thebuilding burden has no backings be exchanged. There are 3 sorts of divider can be found inthe Zoo Negara, which are the Masonry divider, Dry Wall and Bricks divider.

Masonry wall is the building ofstructures from individual unitslaid in and bound together bymortar; the term masonry canlikewise allude to the unitsthemselves. The regular materialsof workmanship development areblock, building stone such asmarble, rock, travertine, andlimestone, cast stone, solidsquare, glass piece, and cob. Brickwork is for the most part anexceedingly tough type ofdevelopment. Nonetheless, thematerials utilized, the nature ofthe mortar and workmanship, andthe example in which the units areamassed can essentially influencethe solidness of the general brickwork development.

Advantages

•The utilization of material, forexample, blocks and stones can expandthe warm mass of a building and canshield the building from flame.

•Most sorts of brick work regularly won't require painting thus can give a structure decreased life-cycle costs.

•Masonry is non-ignitable item.

•Masonry dividers are more impervious to shots, for example, flotsam and jetsam from typhoons or tornadoes.

•Masonry structures manufactured in pressure ideally with lime mortar can have a valuable existence of over 500 years when contrasted with 30 to 100 for structures of steel or fortified cement.

•Bricks are flame opposing material

Drywall (otherwise calledplasterboard, wallboard, gypsumboard) is a board made of gypsummortar squeezed between two thicksheets of paper. It is utilized to makeinside dividers and roofs. Drywalldevelopment got to be predominantas a speedier distinct option forcustomary strip and mortar.

Disadvantages

•Extreme climate, in specific situations, canbring about corruption of stone work dividersurfaces because of ice harm.

•Masonry has a tendency to beoverwhelming and must be based upon an innumber establishment, for example, fortifiedcement, to abstain from settling and splitting.

•Other than solid, workmanshipdevelopment does not loan itself well tomotorization, and requires more gifted workthan stick-encircling.

•Masonry comprises of free segments andhas a low resilience to wavering whencontrasted with different materials, forexample, fortified solid, plastic

Advantages

• Fast, relatively simple & clean to install

• Light, good fire insulation

• Addition of mineral fiber can improve the sound and thermal insulation properties

• Susceptible to water damage and mold

Blocks intended for the development ofblock dividers can likewise be alluded toas packed earth squares, or CEBs. As thename infers, blocks are made by packing asort of earth, for example, shale or mud.The real state of the block can be createdin two distinct ways: the delicate strategyand the firm mud process. The delicatesystem is the point at which the earth ispacked into a structure. The othermethod for molding block is the solidmud process, where the earth is pushedthrough the structure and after that sliceto the coveted size. In any case, the blockshould be capably compacted. The morea block is packed, the more it adds to thestrength of the last block divider. A blockthat has been very packed will retain lesswater and can be utilized as a part ofopen air applications where the blockdivider is presented to rain and otherclimate conditions.

Block dividers are produced using packed earth and, in this manner, are defenseless to water ingestion. At the point when blocks ingest water, they break down more rapidly than different materials that don't retain as much water, for example, dividers or precast solid fencing. Also, constructing block dividers can be extremely tedious and costly in light of the fact that every block must be mortared and put by hand. Block dividers have long been generally utilized as a part of ranges of both living arrangement and industry. While they can be very excellent, there are some damaging hindrances connected with block dividers. For best in class options, visit our precast fencing items page.

Advantages

• Strong and durable

• Low maintenance

• Thermal performance

There are a few sorts of the rooftop built onthe passage, ticket counter, and organizationoffice and nourishment court. The rooftopencircling of the barrel rooftop we can seethrough on the grounds that the rooftop isdeveloped by straightforward glass and wecan see there are a littler structure rooftopon the barrel rooftop.

The structure rooftop has multi surface withdevelopment of glass. Rooftop that built in ZooNegara are all contained the component of bendor outlined in circle.

Toughened or treated glass is a kind ofwellbeing glass handled by controlledwarm or compound medications to buildits quality contrasted and typical glass.Treating puts the external surfaces intopressure and the inward surfaces intostrain. Such anxieties cause the glass,when broken, to disintegrate into littlegranular pieces as opposed tofragmenting into spiked shards asfortified glass (otherwise known as:toughened glass) makes. The granularlumps are more averse to bring aboutdamage. As a consequence of its securityand quality, toughened glass is utilized asa part of an assortment of requestingapplications, including vehicle windows,shower entryways, engineering glassentryways and tables, fridge plate,versatile screen defenders, as a segmentof impenetrable, for plunging veils, anddifferent sorts of plates and cookware.

In metallurgy, stainless steel, otherwisecalled inox steel or inox from French"inoxydable", is a steel amalgam with atleast 10.5% chromium content by mass.

Stainless steel does not promptlyconsume, rust or stain with water asstandard steel does. Be that as it may, it isnot completely stain-evidence in low-oxygen, high-saltiness, or poor air-flowsituations. There are distinctiveevaluations and surface completions ofstainless steel to suit the environmentthe combination must persevere.Stainless steel is utilized where both theproperties of steel and consumption arerequired.

Stainless steel contrasts from carbonsteel by the measure of chromiumpresent. Unprotected carbon steel rustspromptly when presented to air anddampness.

Cement is a composite material madeout of total fortified together with aliquid concrete which solidifies aftersome time. Most utilization of theexpression "solid" alludes to Portlandbond solid or to cements made withother water powered concretes, suchasciment fondu. In any case, streetsurfaces are additionally a sort ofconcrete, "asphaltic cement", where thebond material is bitumen.

In Portland bond concrete (and otherpressure driven bond cements), when thetotal is combined with the dry bond andwater, they frame a liquid mass that iseffectively formed into shape. Theconcrete responds synthetically with thewater and different fixings to frame ahard lattice which ties every one of thematerials together into a tough stone-likematerial that has numerousemployments.

Polycarbonates (PC) are a gathering ofthermoplastic polymers containingcarbonate bunches in their syntheticstructures. Polycarbonates utilized as apart of building are solid, extremematerials, and a few evaluations areoptically straightforward. They areeffectively worked, formed, andthermoformed. On account of theseproperties, polycarbonates findnumerous applications. Polycarbonatesdon't have an one of a kind Resin ID code(RIC) and are distinguished as "Other", 7on the RIC. Items produced usingpolycarbonate can contain theantecedent monomer biphenyl A(BPAPolycarbonates got their name inlight of the fact that they are polymerscontaining carbonate bunches (–O–(C=O)–O–). A parity of valuablecomponents including temperatureresistance, sway resistance and opticalproperties position polycarbonatesbetween merchandise plastics anddesigning plastics.

Limestone is a sedimentaryrock composed largely ofthe minerals calcite and aragonite,which are different forms of calciumcarbonate (CaCO3). Most limestone iscomposed of skeletal fragments ofmarine organisms such as coral,forms and mollusks. Limestone makesup about 10% of the total volume of allsedimentary rocks. The solubility oflimestone in water and weak acidsolutions leads to karst landscapes, inwhich water erodes the limestone overthousands to millions of years. Mostcave systems are through limestonebedrock. Limestone has numerous uses:as a building material, as aggregate forthe base of roads, as white pigment orfiller in products suchas toothpaste or paints, and as achemical feedstock.

Ceramic tiles have quickly become oneof the most popular types of materialsused in a home but often time’s homeowners don’t understand exactly whatthey are. Ceramic tile is made up ofsand, natural products, and clays andonce it has been molded into shapethey are then fired in a kiln. Whenmaking ceramic tiles they can either beglazed or unglazed, but the majority ofhomeowners have glazed ceramic tilesin their home. With their increasingpopularity, there are hundreds ofdifferent designs of ceramic tiles.

Welcome to Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/

Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.com/index.php?page=Dolphiny:ShoppingPage&companycode=MY

Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.malaysiasite.nl/zoonegara.htm

A building cannot exist by its own. Just like a livingmachine, a building is nothing more than a sumof its parts. Each element and componentlikewise is incapable of being independent, andmust rely on other pieces to be relevant. Thoughsmall and inconsequential it may appear to be,architectural elements and components are vitalfor the effectiveness and totality of a building.

As a postmodern design, Zoo Negara featuresequally postmodern elements and components. Itfeatures a variety of influences from a myriad ofsources, and its elements and componentscertainly reflect that. From Roman vaults andskylights to modern flat roofs, this buildingcertainly has its own unique identity.

Curtain walls are not structural elements; theydo not carry any structural loads. As such, theycan be built out of materials that otherwisewould compromise structural integrity. ZooNegara here employs glass curtain walls for itsadministration office building, which alongwith its unique curvilinear roof, creates aninviting atmosphere.

This curtain wall is composed of temperedlaminated glass in a framework of steel beams.Along with the large overhanging roof, thetempered laminated glass greatly limits the solargain of the building.

Columns of the building most evident and distincton the administrative building. These are loadbearing reinforced-concrete columns, and are usedto hold up the roof. The inverted triangle shape ofthe concrete columns are a postmodern element; itinjects some movement and dynamicism into thedesign.

Turnstiles, also known as baffle gates, restrict access

to one person at a time. This is useful for crowd

control, as the zoo requires to check the credentials

of each and every visitor systematically. Full height

turnstiles reach up to the ceiling, and thus restrict

the bodily movement of the visitor.

Half height turnstiles are employed at the entranceof the zoo, and are used to "check-in" the visitor bymanual inspection. Just as a typical turnstile, itrestricts the circulation to an individual at a time.There are more half height turnstiles than full heightones, as it is deemed more people enter the zoosimultaneously than they do exiting.

These are used on the administrative building, andits laminated tempered glass composition allows itto blend seamlessly into the glass curtain wallfacade. Despite it being made of tempered glass, itis laminated to both reduce solar gain as well as toprovide a degree of privacy.

Staircases allow verticle movement between floors.As such it is at a gentle incline to facilitate theascent and descent of its users. At Zoo Negara,staircases only exist on administrative building,bridging the ground and first floor both within andoutside the building. Following the design aesthetic,the staircase is curved following the building facade.

The swooping, curvilinear form ofthe administration building roof isof concrete and polycarbonateconstruction. The transparentpolycarbonate roofing is framed bya cast concrete structure, and isfurther reinforced with a rubbercladding to avoid erosion. Thisbeautiful curved form of the roofby consequence creates a barrelvault beneath it.

This tensile membrane structure,

and as such does not feature any

compression or bending. The

parabolic form of the roof is created

by the tension, or stretching of the

PTFE-coated fibreglass membrane

by steel rods and cables. As the

tension fabric roof is coated with

PTFE, it is waterproof, and capable

of withstanding the tropical climate

of Malaysia. Due to its tensile

nature, the roof creates and

elegant, flowing organic form, of

which invokes a welcoming aura to

visitors.

This glass conical roof serves as the skylight, and creatively caps thecurvilinear design of the building. As it is in the shape of a cone, itallows sunlight to enter from all 360 degrees, and creates a focus inits interaction of light and shadow within the interior, somewhat akinto the Oculus on the Pantheon in Rome. It is capped with an airventilator to circulate the internal climate.

A monopitch roof is a single sloping roof surface, and is pitched at anangle (i.e. not entirely flat). This design is required due to the tropicalrainforest climate of the country, and is needed to effectively divertthe large amount of water flow, reduce ponding and increase thelongevity of the building. From the perspective of a visitor, the roof ispitched upwards and towards him, and it creates a sense of welcomeas well as a focal point among the vast complex.

Skylights are glass apertures onthe roof of buildings that let lightin. Here, it is used in the roof ofthe administrative building. Thereexists similarities between thisand the Oculus of the Pantheon inRome. Regardless, the skylightcreates a focal point which furtheraccentuates the form of theinterior. Located directly beneaththe skylight is a bust of the zoo'sfounder.

Vaults are created as a result ofthe curvilinear form of the roof.These vaults exist in several placesof the zoo, but are mostdistinctive at the administrativebuilding, where the tall vaultsterminate a glass and steel archedframework. These vaults create ajuxtaposition of both authorityand tenderness.

The flooring of the zoo is done withtwo materials: terrazzo and ceramic.Both are course, offering good grip,preventing slippage regardless ofcondition. These floors are also verylow maintenance, and thus is suitablefor large quantities of human trafficeveryday.

Lighting is essential for anybuilding. Whether if it is dark orjust to create emphasis, artificiallighting is a powerful tool forcontrolling a building's circulation.Lights can be used from the mostbasic like lighting up dark places, tocreating a point of interest, and iseven used as an indication ofwhether or not the place is apublic or private space.

Zoo Negara's operating hours arefrom 9AM to 5PM, so theselighting solutions aren't used asmuch as other public buildingswith evening activities. However,lighting still remains essential forthe zoo's staff.

Spotlights are used to light only aspecific point, and are generallyhigh powered. These can be usedto highlight certain places,emphasize details or just to lightup the surrounding area.

At Zoo Negara, to produce an arealight, spotlights are pointedupwards towards a curved surface,which then projects the nowdiffused and scattered light untothe surrounding area. Area lightingis used to light up a large space.

Chan, C. (1987). Post-merdeka architecture. [Kuala Lumpur]: Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia.

Tay, L., & Ngiom,. (2000). 80 years of architecture in Malaysia (p. 87). Kuala Lumpur: PAM Publication.

Basic Theories of Tensile Fabric Architecture - Architen Landrell. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.architen.com/articles/basic-theories-of-tensile-membrane-architecture/

Concrete Floor Information. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/interiorfloors

Fare Collection in the Subway. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Fare_Collection_in_the_Subway

Monopitch roof construction. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://myrooff.com/monopitch-roof/

Welcome to Zoo Negara. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://www.zoonegaramalaysia.my/

The overall experience was rejuvenating, torevisit something we hold dear as memories ofour youth with intention to learn more of itspurpose, character and surroundings. Having thechance to be visually observant towards ZooNegara has improve our affinity on details. Havingsaid that, studying on intentions not just by thearchitect but by its very founders of Zoo Negarahas enlighten us towards the affects it will playnot just then but now in the future and its desiredeffects it will placed on the people.