Wiryanto HAKI 25 26 Agustus 2015

Transcript of Wiryanto HAKI 25 26 Agustus 2015

8/18/2019 Wiryanto HAKI 25 26 Agustus 2015

1/48

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281628568

Presentasi Wiryanto di Seminar HAKI- 25-26-Agustus-2015

DATASET · SEPTEMBER 2015

READS

85

2 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:

Wiryanto Dewobroto

Universitas Pelita Harapan

14 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION

SEE PROFILE

Available from: Wiryanto Dewobroto

Retrieved on: 28 January 2016

https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_1https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wiryanto_Dewobroto?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_7https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_6https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wiryanto_Dewobroto?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_5https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wiryanto_Dewobroto?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_4https://www.researchgate.net/?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_1https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281628568_Presentasi_Wiryanto_di_Seminar_HAKI-_25-26-Agustus-2015?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_3https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281628568_Presentasi_Wiryanto_di_Seminar_HAKI-_25-26-Agustus-2015?enrichId=rgreq-f4b6d265-6373-4de8-8e54-a8b26113fefe&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI4MTYyODU2ODtBUzoyNzE5MjA2MTY3MDE5NTNAMTQ0MTg0MjMzNjEwOQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2

2/48

   S  e  m   i  n  a  r   d  a

  n   P  a  m  e  r  a  n   H   A   K   I   2   0   1   5 ,   “   C   h  a   l   l  e  n  g

  e  s   i  n   t   h  e   F  u   t  u  r  e   ”

   H  o   t  e   l    B  o  r  o   b  u   d  u  r ,   2   6   A  g  u  s   t  u  s   2   0   1   5

    P   e   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n

     P   e   r    i    l   a    k   u    d   a   n

    K   e   u   n   g   g   u

    l   a   n    P    M    R    B    K   v   s    P

    M    K   p   a    d

   a

    B

   a   n   g   u   n   a

   n    B   a   a    B

   e   r    t   n   g

   a    t    S   e   a   n   g

    W    i   r   y

   a   n    t   o    D   e   w   o    b   r   o    t   o    1

,    R   e   n    d   y    W    i    j   a   y   a

    2

    1    D   o   s   e   n    T   e    t   a   p ,

    U   n    i   v   e   r   s    i    t   a   s    P   e    l    i    t   a    H   a   r   a   p   a   n    )

    2    A    l   u   m   n    i    S    2

,    U   n    i   v   e   r   s    i    t   a   s    T   a   r   u   m   a   n   a   g

   a   r   a    )

3/48

    S    t   r   u    k

    t   u   r    b   a   a    d   a   n    b   a   n   u   n   a   n

    t   a    h   a   n

   e   m

   a



    B   a    j   a

   m   a    t   e   r    i   a    l    k   e    k   u   a    t   a   n    t    i   n   g   g    i ,   p   e   r    i    l   a    k   u    k   e   r   u   n    t   u    h   a   n    d   a    k    t   a

    i    l .

    T    i    d   a    k   a    d   a   m   a    t   e   r    i   a    l    k   o   n   s    t   r   u    k   s    i

    l   a    i   n   y   a   n   g   m   e   n   y

   a   m   a    i .



    K   a   r   e   n   a    i    t   u   a    d   a

    k   e   y   a    k    i   n   a   n    b   a    h

   w   a   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b   a    j   a   s   e   c   a   r   a   a    l   a   m    i

    b   e   r   s    i    f   a    t    t   a    h   a   n

   g   e   m   p   a ,

    b   a    h    k   a   n    t   a   n   p   a   p   e   r    l   a    k   u   a   n    k    h   u   s   u   s .



   a   n

   n   g   a   n   e

   n   g   a   n

   o   n   s    t   r   u   s

   e    t   o   n

   e   r    t   u   a   n   g

   p   e   r   u   e    t   a

   p   e   n   u    l   a   n   g   a   n   y   a

   n   g    k    h   u   s   u   s .

4/48

    J   a   n   u   a   r   y    1    7 ,    1

    9    9    4  –    N   o   r    t    h   r    i    d   g   e    E    Q

.

   K  a   i  s

  e  r   M  e   d   i  c  a   l    B  u   i   l   d   i  n  g ,   L  o  s   A  n  g

  e   l  e  s   (   U   I   G  v   i  a   G  e   t   t  y   I  m  a  g  e  s   )

   P   h  o   t  o   b  y   F   E

   M   A   N  e  w  s   P   h  o   t  o  -   J  a  n   1   8 ,   1

   9   9   4

  a  p  a  r   t  m  e  n   t   b  u   i   l   d   i  n  g  s   (  c  r  e   d   i   t  :   L   A   T   i  m  e  s   )

   t   h  e   i  n   t  e  r  s  e  c   t   i  o  n

  o   f   V  e  n   t  u  r  a  a  n   d   V  a  n   N  u  y  s   b  o

  u   l  e  v  a  r   d  s

5/48

    G   e   m

   a    N   o   r    t    h   r    i    d

   e

   m   e   r   u

    b   a    h   c   a   r   a    i    k    i   r



    L   a   p   o   r   a   n    F    E    M    A

   ‐    3    5    0    (    2    0    0    0    )

    d   a   m   p   a    k   g   e   m   p   a

    b   u   m    i    N   o   r    t    h   r    i    d

   g   e

    (    U    S    A    ) ,    t   a   n   g   g   a    l

    1    7    J   a   n   u   a   r    i    1    9    9    4

,   m   e   n   g   u    b   a    h   c   a

   r   a   p    i    k    i   r

.



   a   n   y   a

   a   n   g   u   n   a   n   s   r   u

   u   r   a

   a   y   a   n   g

   u   u   a

   n   g   g   a   p   a   a   n   g   e   m   p   a

    t   e   r   n   y   a    t   a   m   e   n   g

   a    l   a   m    i    k   e   r   u   s   a    k   a

   n   g   e    t   a   s    d    i   s   a   m    b   u   n   g   a   n    b   a    l   o    k   ‐    k   o    l   o   m .

6/48

    K   e   r   u   s   a    k   a   n   g   e

    t   a   s   p   a    d   a    k   o   n   s    t   r   u    k   s    i    b   a    j   a



    K   e   r   u   s   a    k   a   n   g   e    t   a   s   y   a   n   g    t    i    d   a    k    t   e

   r   a   n    t    i   s    i   p   a   s    i    i    t   u    j   u   g   a    t   e   r    j   a    d    i   p   a    d   a

    b   a   n   g   u   n   a   n   y   a   n

   g    t   e   r    l    i    h   a    t    k   e   r   u   s

   a    k   a   n   a   r   s    i    t   e    k    t   u   r   n   y   a   r   e    l   a    t    i    f    k   e   c    i    l

.



   n   m   e   n   g   u   a   r

   a   n   s   e   m   u   a   p   a

,

   u   s   u   s   n   y   a   n   s

   n   y   u   r   a   n   g   u   n   a   n ,

    b    i   s   a

      ‐    b    i   s   a    b   a   n   g

   u   n   a   n   y   a   n   g    t   e   r    l    i    h   a    t    t    i    d   a    k   r   u   s   a    k

,    t   e   r   n   y   a    t   a   r   u   s   a    k

.

   g   e   m   p   a    L   a   n    d   e   r   s    (    1    9    9    2    ) ,    B    i   g    B   e   a   r    (    1    9    9    2    )    d   a   n    L   o   m   a    P   r    i   e    t   a    (    1    9    8

    9    ) ,

   m   e   n   a    l   a   m    i    k   e   r   u   s   a    k   a   n   s   e   r   u   a .



    E   v   a    l   u   a   s    i   p   a   s   c   a

   g   e   m   p   a    t   e   r    h   a    d   a

   p    k   e   r   u   s   a    k   a   n ,   s   u

    l    i    t    d    i    l   a    k   u    k   a   n .



    U   n    t   u    k   m   e   n   e   n    t

   u    k   a   n   a   a    k   a    h   s   a

   m    b   u   n   a   n   s    t   r   u    k

    t   u   r   r   u   s   a    k   a    t   a   u    t

    i    d   a    k

   p   e   r    l   u    “   p   e   m    b   o    b   o    k   a   n    ”    d   a   r    i    f    i   n    i   s    h    i   n   g   a   r   s    i    t   e    k    t   u   r   a    t   a   u    f    i   r   e   p   r   o   o    f    i   n   g

   y   a   n   g    t   e   r   p   a   s   a   n   g .

    S   e    l   a   n    j   u    t   n   y   a    i   n   s   p   e    k   s    i    d   e    t   a    i    l   s    i   s    t   e   m   s   a   m    b   u   n   g   a   n .

7/48

    D   o    k   u   m   e   n    t   a   s    i    k   e   r   u   s   a    k   a   n    f   r   a    k    t   u   r   a    k    i    b   a    t   g   e   m   p   a    N   o   r    t    h   r    i    d   g   e

   (  a   ) .

   K  e  r  u  s  a   k  a  n  p  a   d  a   t  r

  a  n  s   i  s   i   p  e  n  g  e   l  a  s  a  n

   (   b   ) .   K  e  r  u  s  a   k  a  n   "   d   i  v  o   t   "  p  a   d  a  s  a  y  a

  p   k  o   l  o  m

   (  c   ) .   F  r  a   k   t  u  r  p  e   l  a   t   d

   i   z  o  n  a  p  a  n  e   l

   (   d   ) .   F  r  a   k   t  u  r  p  a   d  a  s  a  n   b  u  n  g  a  n  g  e  s  e  r

8/48

    K

   e   r   u   s   a    k   a   n    d

   a   n    d   a   m   a    k

   e    k   o   n   o   m    i



    E   v   a    l   u   a   s    i   n   y   a   m   a    h   a    l ,    b   a    h    k   a   n    k   e

    t    i    k   a   y   a   n   g   r   u   s   a    k

    t    i    d   a    k    d    i    t   e   m   u    k   a

   n .

    K   a    l   a   u   p   u   n    k   e    t   e   m   u   m   a    k   a   u   n    t   u    k

   p   e   r    b   a    i    k   a   n   s   a   m

    b   u   n   g   a   n   n   y   a    j   u   g   a

.

,

   m   e   r   o    b   o    h    k   a   n   n

   y   a   s   e   c   a   r   a   m   e   n   y

   e    l   u   r   u    h    d   a   n   m   e   m    b   a   n   g   u   n    b   a   r   u ,

    d   a   r    i   a    d   a   m   e   n

   e   v   a    l   u   a   s    i    d   a   n   m

   e   m

   e   r    b   a    i    k    i   n   a

    F    E    M    A    2    0    0    0 .

9/48

    R   e   s   p   o   n    i   n   s    i   n   y   u   r    t   e   r    h   a    d   a   p    b   e   n   c   a   n   a    d   a   n   c   o    d   e    b   a   r   u



    S   e   p    t .    1    9    9    4    d    i    b

   e   n    t   u    k    S    A    C    J   o    i   n    t    V   e   n    t   u   r   e   :    A    I    S    C

,    A    I    S    I    (    A   m   e   r    i   c   a   n    I   r   o   n

   a   n    d    S    t   e   e    l    I   n   s    t    i    t

   u    t   e    )    d   a   n    N    I    S    T    (    N   a    t    i   o   n   a    l    I   n   s    t    i    t   u    t   e   o    f    S    t   a   n    d   a   r    d   s

   a   n    d

.



    k   o   o   r    d    i   n   a   s    i   u   s   a

    h   a   u   n    t   u    k   p   e   n   y   e

    l    i    d    i    k   a   n    d   a   n   p   e   n

   y   e    l   e   s   a    i   a   n   m   a   s   a

    l   a    h

    E   m   e   r   g   e   n   c   y    M   a

   n   a   g   e   m   e   n    t    A   g   e   n   c   y    )    t   e   r    t   a   r    i    k    b   e

   r   g   a    b   u   n   g .



   s   e   e   r    t    i    i   n    i    l   a    h   c

    i    k   a    l    b   a    k   a    l    t   e   r    b   e

   n    t   u    k   n   a   c   o    d   e .



    I   n    i   s    i   a    t    i    f   n   y   a    d   a   r    i   a   s   o   s    i   a   s    i   p   r   o    f   e   s    i    (    A    I    S    C

,    A    I    S    I ,    N    I    S    T    d   a   n    A    W    S    ) ,    l   a    l   u

   p   e   m   e   r    i   n    t   a    h    (    F    E    M    A    )   g   a    b   u   n   g

    1    9    9    5    t   e   r    b    i    t    F    E

    M    A   ‐    2    6    7

,   p   e    d   o   m

   a   n

    i   n   s    i   n   y   u   r   u   n    t   u    k

   a   n    t    i   s    i   p   a   s    i    k   e   r   u   s   a    k   a   n   a    k    i    b   a    t   g   e   m   p   a    N   o   r    t    h   r    i    d   g   e

    1    9    9    4

.    S   e    j   a    k    i    t   u

    b   e   r    t   u    b    i   ‐    t   u    b    i   p   e   n   e    l    i    t    i   a   n    t   e   r    k   a    i    t

   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b   a    j   a

    t   e   r   a   a   p   g   e   m   p   a

    t   e   r    t   a   n ,   s   a   m   p   a   p   u   n   c   a   n

   y   a

   e   u   a   r   a

   p   e   r   a    t   u   r   a   n   g   e   m

   p   a    k    h   u   s   u   s   s    t   r   u

    k    t   u   r    b   a    j   a    (    A    I    S    C

    1    9    9    7    ) .

10/48

    D   a

   m   p   a    k   g   e   m   p   a    N

   o   r    t    h   r    i    d   g   e    t   e   r    h   a    d   a   p    t   a    t   a   c   a   r   a

   w   a    k    t   u    i    t   u ,

   a    d   a    l   a    h    b   a    h   w   a   u   n    t   u    k   m   e   n   g    h   a   s    i    l    k   a   n

    b   a   n   g   u   n   a   n   r   a   n

   g    k   a

   m   o   m   e   n    b   a   a

   a   n

     b   e   r   e   r    i    l   a    k   u

    d   a    k    t   a    i    l    d   a   n    h   a

   n    d   a    l   m   a    k   a   e   r

    l   u

    d    i    l   a    k   u    k   a   n   s   e    j   u   m    l   a    h   p   e   r   u    b   a    h   a

   n    t   e   r    h   a    d   a   p    k   e    b

    i   a   s   a   a   n   p   r   a    k    t    i   s

   y   a   n   g

   a    d   a ,

   m   u    l   a    i    d   a   r    i    t   a    h   a   p    d   e   s   a    i   n ,   p   e   m    i    l    i    h   a   n    b   a    h   a   n   m   a    t   e   r    i   a    l ,    f   a    b   r    i    k   a   s    i ,

   e   r   e   c    t    i   o   n    d   a   n   p   r   o   s   e   s   p   e   n   g   a   w   a   s

   a   n   m   u    t   u   y   a   n   g    d

    i    l   a    k   u    k   a   n .

    S   a    l   a    h

   s   a    t   u

   a    k    i    b   a    t   n   y   a   u   n    t   u

    k   p   e   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n

   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b   a    j   a    t   a    h   a   n   g   e   m   p   a   p   e

   r    l   u

,

.

11/48

    C   o    d   e

    S    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    B   a   a  –    P   e   r   e   n   c

   a   n   a   a   n    U   m   u   m



    A    N    S    I     /    A    I    S    C    3    6    0

      ‐    1    0   :    S   p   e   c    i    f    i   c   a    t    i   o   n    f   o   r    S    t   r   u   c    t   u   r   a    l    S    t   e   e    l    B   u    i    l    d    i   n   g

   s

    (    6    1    2    h   a    l   a   m   a   n    )



    d    i    t   e   r    j   e   m   a    h    k

   a   n    j   a    d    i    S    N    I    1    7    2

    9   :    2    0    1    5   ‐    S   p   e   s    i    f    i    k   a   s    i

.



    I   n    i   a    d   a    l   a    h   c   o    d   e

    d   a   s   a   r   p   e   r   e   n   c   a

   n   a   a   n   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b   a    j   a

,    f   o    k   u   s   p   a    d   a

,

   u   n    t   u    k    t   a    h   a   n   g   e   m   p   a .

12/48

    C   o    d   e


   a   n   a   a   n    U   m   u   m



    A    N    S    I     /    A    I    S    C    3    6    0


   s

    (    6    1    2    h   a    l   a   m   a   n    )




   a   n    j   a    d    i    S    N    I    1    7    2

    9   :    2    0    1    5   ‐    S   p   e   s    i    f    i    k   a   s    i

.






,    f   o    k   u   s   p   a    d   a

,


   K  e  n  a  p  a

   ?

13/48

    C   o    d   e


   a   n   a   a   n    U   m   u   m



    A    N    S    I     /    A    I    S    C    3    6    0


   s

    (    6    1    2    h   a    l   a   m   a   n    )




   a   n    j   a    d    i    S    N    I    1    7    2

    9   :    2    0    1    5   ‐    S   p   e   s    i    f    i    k   a   s    i

.






,    f   o    k   u   s   p   a    d   a

,


   A   C

   I   3   1   8   M  -   1   1  :   B  u   i   l   d

   i  n  g   C  o   d  e   R  e  q  u   i  r

  e  m  e  n   t  s

   K  e  n  a  p  a

   ?

   f  o  r

   S   t  r  u  c   t  u  r  a   l    C  o  n  c  r  e   t  e  a  n   d   C  o  m  m  e  n

   t  a  r  y

   (   5   0

   9   h  a   l  a  m  a  n   )        C

   h  a  p   t  e  r   2   1  -   E  a  r   t   h

  q  u  a   k  e  -

  r  e  s

   i  s   t  a  n   t   S   t  r  u  c   t  u  r  e  s

   4   7   h  a   l  a  m  a  n .

14/48

    C   o    d   e    S

    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    B   a    j   a

  –    P   e   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n    T   a    h   a   n    G   e   m

   p   a

   u   a   m   a

      ‐

    (    4    0    2    h   a    l   a   m   a   n    )

   s    t   a   n    d   a   r   a    t   a   u    k   o   n   s   e   n   s   u   s    t   e   r   p

    i   s   a    h   u   n    t   u    k    t   o   p    i    k

    k

    h   u   s   u   s ,   p   e   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n    d   a   n   p   e    l   a    k   s   a   n   a   a   n   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b   a    j   a    d   a   n    k   o   m   p   o   s    i    t

    (    b   a    j   a    &    b   e    t   o   n    )   s    i   s    t   e   m    b   a   n   g   u   n   a   n    t   a    h   a   n   g   e   m   p   a .

         H

   a   r   u   s    b   e   r   s   a   m   a    d   e   n   g   a   n    A    N    S    I     /    A    I    S    C    3    6    0

      ‐    1    0    &    A    S    C    E     /    S    E    I    7

      ‐    1    0

.    C   o

    d   e

    d

    i   s   u   s   u   n    b   e   r   s   a   m   a    d   e   n   g   a   n    B    S    S    C    (

    B   u    i    l    d    i   n   g    S    i   s   m    i   c

    S   a    f   e    t   y    C   o   u   n   c    i    l    )   ;    F    E    M    A

    (    F   e    d   e   r   a    l    E   m   e   r   g   e   c   y    M   a   n   a   g   e   m   e   n

    t    A   g   e   n   c   y    ) ,    N    S    F

    (    N   a    t    i   o   n   a    l    S   c    i   e   n   c   e

,

    C

   a    l    i    f   o   r   n    i   a    ) .

  –    “

.

    U

   n    t   u    k    S    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    G

   e    d   u   n   g    B   a    j   a    ”    (    1

    6    1    h   a    l   a   m   a   n    ) .

15/48

    C   o    d   e    S

    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    B   a    j   a

  –    P   e   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n    T   a    h   a   n    G   e   m

   p   a

   p   e   n   u   n   a   n   g



    A    N    S    I     /    A    I    S    C    3    5    8

      ‐    1    0    &    A    N    S    I     /    A    I    S

    C    3    5    8   s    1

      ‐    1    1   :    P   r

   e   q   u   a    l    i    f    i   e    d

    C   o   n   n   e   c    t    i   o   n   s    f   o

   r    S   p   e   c    i   a    l   a   n    d    I   n

    t   e   r   m   e    d    i   a    t   e    S    t   e   e    l    M   o   m   e   n    t    F   r   a   m

   e   s

.

   p   e   m    b   u   a    t   a   n   s    i   s

    t   e   m   s   a   m    b   u   n   g   a   n    k    h   u   s   u   s   s   e   s   u   a    i    A    N    S    I     /    A    I    S    I    3    4    1   ‐

    1    0

   u   n    t   u    k    R   a   n    k   a

    b   a   a    P   e   m    i    k   u    l    M

   o   m   e   n    K    h   u   s   u   s

    R    P    M    K   a    t   a   u   s   e   c    i   a    l

   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e

    (    S    M    F    ) ,    j   u   g   a    R   a

   n   g    k   a    b   a    j   a    P   e   m    i    k   u    l    M   o   m   e   n

    M   e   n   e   n   g   a    h    (    R    P

    M    M    )   a    t   a   u    i   n    t   e   r

   m   e    d    i   a    t   e   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s    (    I    M    F    ) .



    I   n    i   p   e   r    l   u    k   a   r   e   n

   a    k   e   r   u   n    t   u    h   a   n    f   r   a    k    t   u   r    d    i   p   e   n   g   a   r   u    h    i   o    l   e    h    b   e   n    t   u    k

    d   e    t   a    i    l    d   a   n   c   a   r   a   p   e   m    b   u   a    t   a   n   n   y

   a .

    P   e   r   s   y   a   r   a    t   a   n   n

   y   a   c   u    k   u   p    k   o   m   p

    l   e    k   s

   u   n   u    a

   n   a   s   s   n   u   m   e   r   n   y   a

   e   a    s

   a   m

   u   n   g

   a   n

   a   r   u   s

   u

   a   n

    t   e   r    l   e    b    i    h   s   e   c   a   r   a   e   m   p    i   r    i   s    d    i    l   a    b   o   r   a    t   o   r    i   u   m ,

    b   u    k   a   n   s   e    k   e    d   a   r    h   a   s    i    l

16/48

    P   e   n   g   u

   a   s   a   a   n   a    k   a   n

    k   o   m   p   e    t   e   n   s    i   p   e   r   e   n   c   a   n

   a   a   n

   s   r   u

   u   r

   a   a   a   a   n   g   e   m   p   a



    A    d   a    t    i   g   a    d   o    k   u   m   e   n   u    t   a   m   a    (    A    N

    S    I     /    A    I    S    C    3    4    0

,    3    4

    1    &    3    5    8    )   u   n    t   u    k

   p   e   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n   s

    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b   a    j   a    t   a    h

   a   n   g   e   m   p   a   a    d   a    l   a    h   m   e   n   a   r    i    k

.



   a   n

   n   g   a   n   e

   n   g   a   n   c   o   e   s   r   u

   u   r   e   o   n

   y   a   u

,

   y   a    i    t   u    C    h   a   p    t   e   r    2    1  –    E   a   r    t    h   q   u   a    k   e    R   e   s    i   s    t   a   n    t    S    t   r   u

   c    t   u   r   e   s    (    ±    5    0    h   a

    l    ) .

    (    A    N    S    I     /    A    I    S    C    3    4

    1    )   y   a   n   g   s   e    k    i    t   a   r    4    0    2    h   a    l .



   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b   a   a   a   u    h    l   e    b    i    h    “    b   e   r   a    t    ”    d   a   r    i   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b

   e    t   o   n .



    H   a   n   y   a    k   e    b   e    t   u    l   a   n    d    i    I   n    d   o   n   e   s    i   a

   m   a   y   o   r    i    t   a   s   a    d   a    l   a    h   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    b   e    t   o   n ,

    i    t   u   y   a   n   g   s   a   a    t    i   n

    i   m   e   n    j   a    d    i    f   o    k   u   s    i   n   s    i   n   y   u   r    k    i    t   a .



    P   e   r    l   u   p   e   n    i   n   g    k   a

    t   a   n   p   r   o   s   e   s   p   e   m

    b   e    l   a    j   a   r   a   n   u   n    t   u

    k   m   e   n   g   u   a   s   a    i

    k   o   m   p   e    t   e   n   s    i   p   e

   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n   s    t   r   u

    k    t   u   r    b   a    j   a    t   a    h   a   n

   g   e   m   p   a



    K   u   r    i    k   u    l   u   m   p   e   r

   g   u   r   u   a   n    t    i   n   g   g    i    j   u

   g   a   p   e   r    l   u   m   e   n   g   a   n    t    i   s    i   p   a   s    i   n   y   a .

17/48

    M    O    M    E    N    T

      ‐    R    E    S    I    S    T    I    N    G    F    R    A

    M    E    S    Y    S    T    E    M    S    (    A

    S    C    E     /    S    E    I    7

      ‐    1    0    ) R   e

   s   o   n   s   e

    N   o

    S   e    i   s   m    i   c    F   o   r   c   e

      ‐    R   e   s    i   s    t    i   n   g    S   y   s    t   e   m

   m   o    d

    i    f    i   c   a    t    i   o   n

   c   o   e    f    f    i   c    i   e   n    t ,    R

   ‐

    2

    S    t   e   e    l   s   p   e   c    i   a    l    t   r   u   s

   s   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    (   p   o   r    t   a    l   m   o   m   e   n   r   a   n   g    k   a

    b   a    t   a   n   g    k    h   u   s   u   s  –    P    M    R    B    K    )

    7

    3

    S    t   e   e    l    i   n    t   e   r   m   e    d    i   a    t   e

   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    4 .    5

    4

    S    t   e   e    l   o   r    d    i   n   a   r   y   m   o   m

   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    3 .    5

    5

    S   p   e   c    i   a    l   r   e    i   n    f   o   r   c   e    d   c   o   n   c   r   e    t   e   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a

   m   e   s

    8

    6

    I   n    t   e   r   m   e    d    i   a    t   e   r   e    i   n    f   o

   r   c   e    d   c   o   n   c   r   e    t   e   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    5

    8

    S    t   e   e    l   a   n    d   c   o   n   c   r   e    t   e

   c   o   m   p   o   s    i    t   e   s   p   e   c    i   a    l   m

   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    8

    9


   c   o   m   p   o   s    i    t   e    i   n    t   e   r   m   e    d

    i   a    t   e   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    5

    1    0


   c   o   m   p   o   s    i    t   e   p   a   r    t    i   a    l    l   y   r   e   s    t   r   a    i   n   e    d   m   o   m   e   n    t    f

   r   a   m   e   s

    6

    1    1


   c   o   m   p   o   s    i    t   e   o   r    d    i   n   a   r   y


    3

    1    2

    C   o    l    d   ‐    f   o   r   m   e    d   s    t   e   e    l  —

   s   p   e   c    i   a    l    b   o    l    t   e    d   m   o   m

   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e

    3 .    5

   C  a   t  a   t  a  n  :   t  e  r   j  e  m  a   h  a  n  m  e  n

  g  a  c  u   S   N   I   1   7   9   2 .   2

   K  e   t  e  n   t  u  a  n   D  e  s  a   i  n   T  a   h  a  n   G  e  m  p  a  u  n   t  u   k   S   t  r  u   k   t  u  r   G  e   d  u  n

  g   B  a   j  a

18/48

    M    O    M    E    N    T

      ‐    R    E    S    I    S    T    I    N    G    F    R    A

    M    E    S    Y    S    T    E    M    S    (    A

    S    C    E     /    S    E    I    7

      ‐    1    0    ) R   e

   s   o   n   s   e

    N   o

    S   e    i   s   m    i   c    F   o   r   c   e

      ‐    R   e   s    i   s    t    i   n   g    S   y   s    t   e   m

   m   o    d

    i    f    i   c   a    t    i   o   n

   c   o   e    f    f    i   c    i   e   n    t ,    R

   ‐

    2

    S    t   e   e    l   s   p   e   c    i   a    l    t   r   u   s

   s   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    (   p   o   r    t   a    l   m   o   m   e   n   r   a   n   g    k   a

    b   a    t   a   n   g    k    h   u   s   u   s  –    P    M    R    B    K    )

    7

    3

    S    t   e   e    l    i   n    t   e   r   m   e    d    i   a    t   e


    4 .    5

    4

    S    t   e   e    l   o   r    d    i   n   a   r   y   m   o   m

   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    3 .    5

    5

    S   p   e   c    i   a    l   r   e    i   n    f   o   r   c   e    d   c   o   n   c   r   e    t   e   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a

   m   e   s

    8

    6

    I   n    t   e   r   m   e    d    i   a    t   e   r   e    i   n    f   o

   r   c   e    d   c   o   n   c   r   e    t   e   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    5

   S

   i  s   t  e  m   s

   t  r  u   k   t  u  r   b  a   j  a   t  a   h  a

  n

    8


   c   o   m   p   o   s    i    t   e   s   p   e   c    i   a    l   m

   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    8

    9


   c   o   m   p   o   s    i    t   e    i   n    t   e   r   m   e    d

    i   a    t   e   m   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e   s

    5

  g

  e  m  p  a  y  a  n  g

  a  a  n

  a  a

  s

  p  a   d  a  m  a

   k  a   l  a   h   i  n   i .

    1    0


   c   o   m   p   o   s    i    t   e   p   a   r    t    i   a    l    l   y   r   e   s    t   r   a    i   n   e    d   m   o   m   e   n    t    f

   r   a   m   e   s

    6

    1    1


   c   o   m   p   o   s    i    t   e   o   r    d    i   n   a   r   y


    3

    1    2

    C   o    l    d   ‐    f   o   r   m   e    d   s    t   e   e    l  —

   s   p   e   c    i   a    l    b   o    l    t   e    d   m   o   m

   e   n    t    f   r   a   m   e

    3 .    5

   C  a   t  a   t  a  n  :   t  e  r   j  e  m  a   h  a  n  m  e  n

  g  a  c  u   S   N   I   1   7   9   2 .   2

   K  e   t  e  n   t  u  a  n   D  e  s  a   i  n   T  a   h  a  n   G  e  m  p  a  u  n   t  u   k   S   t  r  u   k   t  u  r   G  e   d  u  n

  g   B  a   j  a

19/48

    P   o   r    t   a    l    M   o   m

   e   n    R   a   n   g    k   a

    B   a    t   a   n   g    K    h   u

   s   u   s  –    P    M    R    B    K

    (    S    t   e   e    l   s   p   e

   c    i   a    l    t   r   u   s   s   m

   o   m   e   n    t    f   r   a   m

   e   s  –    S    T    M    F    )

    t   e   r   s   e    b   u    t    d   a   n    b   a   g   a    i   m   a   n   a   p   e   r    i    l   a    k   u

20/48

    M   e   n   g   a   p   a   s    i   s    t   e   m    P   o   r    t   a    l    M   o   m   e   n    R   a   n   g    k   a    B   a    t   a   n   g

,

   p   o   p   u    l   e   r    d    i    b   a   n    d    i   n   g   p   r   o    f    i    l    I    j    i    k   a

    j   a   r   a    k   a   n    t   a   r    k   o    l   o

   m   r   e    l   a    t    i    f   p   a   n    j   a

   n   g .

   ‐

.

21/48

    M   e   n   g   a   p   a   s    i   s    t   e   m    P   o   r    t   a    l    M   o   m   e   n    R   a   n   g    k   a    B   a    t   a   n   g



    B   a   n   g   u   n   a   n    P    M    R    B    b   a   n   y   a    k   y   a   n   g

   r   u   n    t   u    h   s   a   a    t   g   e   m   p   a    M   e    k   s    i    k   o ,    1

    9    8    5

    (    R   e    i   s    d   a   n    B   o   n   o

   w    i    t   z    2    0    0    0    ) .    K   e   r

   u   n    t   u    h   a   n   n   y   a    b   e

   r   u   p   a   p   e   r    i    l   a    k   u    k   o    l   o   m

       ‐

,

    k   o   n   s    t   r   u    k   s    i    t   a    h   a   n   g   e   m   p   a    (    B   a   s    h

   a   ‐    G   o   e    l    1    9    9    6    ) .

   A  p  a  r   t  m  e

  n   t   C  o  m  p   l  e  x   P   i  n  o   S  u   á

  r  e  z ,

   1   9   8   5   M  e  x   i  c  o   C   i   t  y  e  a  r   t   h  q  u  a   k  e

22/48

    P   o   r    t   a    l    M   o   m   e   n    R   a   n   g    k   a    B   a    t   a   n   g    K    h

   u   s   u   s  –    P    M    R    B    K

,

    h   a   s    i    l   p   e   n   e    l    i    t    i   a   n    P   r   o    f    S   u    b    h   a   s    h

    C .    G   o   e    l ,   s   e    j   a    k    1

    9    8    8    d    i    U   n    i   v   e   r   s    i    t   a   s

    M    i   c    h    i   g   a   n    (    B   a   s    h   a   ‐    G   o   e    l    1    9    9    6    )

.



    I   n   o   v   a   s    i   n   y   a   a    d   a

    l   a    h   m   e   m   p   e   r    b   a    i    k    i   p   e   r    i    l   a    k   u   p   o   r    t

   a    l   ‐   r   a   n   g    k   a   ‐    b   a    t   a   n   g ,

    d   a   r    i

    k   o    l   o   m    l   e   m

   a    h  –

    b   a    l   o    k    k   u   a

    t   m   e   n    j   a    d    i    b   e   r   p

   e   r    i    l   a    k   u

    k   o    l   o   m    k

   u   a    t

  –    b   a    l   o    k    l   e   m   a    h ,

    d   e   n   g   a   n   m   e   n   e   m   p   a    t    k   a   n   s   e   g   m   e

   n    k    h   u   s   u   s

   (  a   )   T  a  m

  p  a   k   l  u  a  r

   (   b   )   K  e  m  u   d  a   h  a  n   P  e  n  e  m  p  a   t  a  n   D  u  c   t   i  n  g   M   &   E

23/48

    P   e

   r    i    l   a    k   u    i   n   e    l   a   s    t    i   s   s    i   s    t   e   m    P    M    R    B    K

    (    C    h

   a   o   ‐    G   o   e    l    2    0    0    6    )

   (  a   )   S  e  g  m  e  n   k   h  u  s  u

  s   X  -   d   i  a  g  o  n  a   l

   (   b   )   S  e  g  m  e  n

   k   h  u  s  u  s   V   i  e  r  e  n   d  e  e   l

. ,

   S  p  e  c   i  a   l    T  r  u  s  s   M

  o  m  e  n   t   F  r  a  m  e

   (   A   I   S   C   2   0   1   0   b   ) ,  a   d  a   l  a   h  s   i  s   t  e  m

  s   t  r  u   k   t  u  r

  a  n

   s  a

  a   t

  e  m

  a   b  e  s  a  r  m  e  n

  a   l  a  m   i    d  e   f  o  r  m  a  s   i    i  n  e   l  a  s   t   i  s

   h  a

  n  y  a  p  a   d  a  s  e  g

  m  e  n   k   h  u  s  u  s  y

  a  n  g   d   i  s   i  a  p   k  a  n

.   B  a  g   i  a  n   l  a   i  n   t  e   t  a  p

   b  e

  r  p  e  r   i   l  a   k  u  e   l  a  s

   t   i  s .

24/48

    S    i   s    t   e

   m    P    M    R    B    K

    d   a   n    k   e    t   e   r    b   a    t   a   s   a   n   n

   a



    A    d   a   n   y   a   e    l   e   m   e   n   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    k    h   u   s

   u   s   y   a   n   g    d   a   p   a    t   m   e   n   g   a    l   a   m    i    i   n   e    l   a   s    t    i   s

    d   a   n   e    l   e   m   e   n    l   a    i   n    t   e    t   a   p   e    l   a   s    t    i   s



   p   r   o   s   e    d   u   r   p   e

   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n    k    h   u

   s   u   s .



   p   a   a   g

   e   r   u   n

   u   a   n   s   r   u

   u   r

   a   a ,

   a

   a   n   y

   a   e   e

   y   e ,

   e   a   p

    j   u   g   a    f   r   a    k    t   u   r    (   r   e    t   a    k    )   y   a   n   g    b   e   r   s

    i    f   a    t   n   o   n

      ‐    d   a    k    t   a    i    l .    O    l   e    h   s   e    b   a    b    i    t   u    A    I    S    C

.

    d    i    b   a    t   a   s    i

    2    0   m ,

    t    i   n   g   g    i   r   a   n   g    k   a

    b   a    t   a   n   g

    1 .    8   m

.



    D    i    b   a    t   a   s    i    k   a   r   e   n   a    P    M    R    B    K    t   e   r   o    l   o   n    s

    i   s    t   e   m    b   a   r   u    h   a   n   a

   a   n     t

   e    l   a    h

    d    i   u    j    i   e    k   s   p   e   r    i   m   e   n   y   a   n   g    b   o    l   e    h    d

    i   p   a    k   a    i .

25/48

    S   e   g   m   e   n    k    h

   u   s   u   s    (   s   p   e   c    i   a    l   s   e

   g   m   e   n    t    )

, .

.

.



    R   a   s    i   o   p   a   n    j   a   n   g

   v   s    t    i   n   g   g    i   p   a   n   e    l   s   e   g   m   e   n    k    h   u   s   u   s ,

    0 .    6

    7

    L     /    d         1

.    5 .



    K   o   n    f    i   g   u   r   a   s    i   p   a   n   e    l   s   e   g   m   e   n    k    h   u

   s   u   s   :    (   a    )    t    i   p   e    X    d   a   n    (    b    )    V    i   e   r   e   n    d

   e   e    l .

    K   o   m    b    i   n   a   s    i    k   e    d

   u   a   n   y   a ,

   a    t   a   u    b   e   n    t   u    k    k   o   n    f    i   g   u   r   a   s

    i    l   a    i   n

,    t    i    d   a    k    d    i    i    j    i   n    k   a   n .



    T    i   p   e    V    i   e   r   e   n    d   e   e    l   m   e   n   g   u   n    t   u   n   g    k   a   n    d   a   r    i   s    i   s    i   r   u   a   n   g    b   e    b   a   s ,    d   a   n   r

   e    l   a    t    i    f

   s   e    d   e   r    h   a   n   a .    J   a

    d    i    t    i   p   e    i   n    i   y   a   n   g    j   a    d    i   p   e   m    b   a    h   a   s   a   n    l   e    b    i    h    l   a   n    j   u    t .

26/48

   z   o   n   a    t   e   r   r   o    t   e    k   s    i



    B   a    t   a   n   g   a    t   a   s    d   a

   n    b   a    t   a   n   g    b   a   w   a    h   r   a   n   g    k   a    b   a    t   a   n   g    (    t   r   u   s   s    )    t    i    d   a    k    b   o    l   e    h

    d    i   s   a   m    b   u   n   g    d    i    b   a   g    i   a   n   s   e   g   m   e   n

    k    h   u   s   u   s ,    j   a   r   a    k   s

   e    j   a   u    h    0

.    5    t    i   n   g   g    i

.



    A    d   a    "   z   o   n   a    t   e   r   p

   r   o    t   e    k   s    i    " ,   y   a    i    t   u

   u    j   u   n   g   ‐   u    j   u   n   g   s   e   g   m   e   n    k    h   u   s   u   s ,

.

   m   e   n   g   a    l   a   m    i    d    i   s    k   o   n    t    i   n   u    i    t   a   s ,    b   a

    i    k    d   a   r    i    f   a    b   r    i    k   a   s    i   n   y   a   m   a   u   p   u   n   u   n

    t   u    k

   a    l   a   s   a   n   e   r   e   c    t    i   o   n

.

27/48

    L   a   n   g    k   a    h    d   e   s   a    i   n

  –    k   o   m    b    i   n   a   s    i   p

   e   m    b   e    b   a   n   a   n



    P   r   o   s   e   s   p   e   r   e   n   c   a   n   a   a   n   m   u    l   a    i    d   e   n   g   a   n   m   e   n   c   a   r    i    “   g   a   y   a   g   e   s   e   r   p   e   r    l   u    ”

    b   a   g    i   a   n   s   e   g   m   e   n

    k    h   u   s   u   s ,    t   e   r    h   a    d   a   p    d   u   a    k   o   n    d    i   s    i

   p   e   m    b   e    b   a   n   a   n ,   y   a    i    t   u

.

.

.

.

.

.



    K   o   m    b    i   n   a   s    i    b   e    b

   a   n    k   e   ‐    1    (   e    l   a   s    t    i   s

    ) ,   y   a    i    t   u    b   e    b   a   n   g

   r   a   v    i    t   a   s    i ,

   s   e   m   u   a

   ‐

,

    h   a   r   u   s    d   a    l   a   m    k   o   n    d    i   s    i   e    l   a   s    t    i   s .    B

   a    t   a   n   g    t   e   p    i   s   e   g   m

   e   n    k    h   u   s   u   s    b   e    l   u   m

    b   o    l   e    h   m   e   n   c   a   p   a    i    k   o   n    d    i   s    i    i   n   e    l   a   s

    t    i   s .



    K   o   m    b    i   n   a   s    i    b   e    b

   a   n    k   e   ‐    2

,    b   e    b   a   n

   g   r   a   v    i    t   a   s    i    d   a   n    b   e    b   a   n   g   e   m   p   a ,    b   a

    t   a   n   g

    t   e   p    i   s   e   g   m   e   n    k    h   u   s   u   s    b    i   s   a    i   n   e    l   a

   s    t    i   s

.    G   a   y   a   g   e   s   e   r    k   o   m    b    i   n   a   s    i    i   n    i    b

   o    l   e    h

   m   e   n   c   a   p   a    i    k   u   a    t   g   e   s   e   r   r   e   n   c   a   n   a

    b   a   g    i   a   n   s   e   g   m   e   n

    k    h   u   s   u   s .



    E    l   e   m   e   n   s   e   g   m   e

   n    k    h   u   s   u   s    d    i   r   e   n   c   a   n   a    k   a   n    t   e   r    h   a    d   a   p   g   a   y   a   g   e   s   e   r    d

   a   r    i

   u   a

   o   m

   n   a   s

   e   a   n

    a    t   a   s .

28/48

   c    h   e   c    k    t   e   r    h   a    d   a

    r    i   s    i    k   o   s   o

    t      ‐   s    t   o   r



    P   a    d   a    k   o   m    b    i   n   a   s    i    b   e    b   a   n    k   e   ‐    2 ,   c

    h   e   c    k   r    i   s    i    k   o   s   o    f    t

      ‐   s    t   o   r   y    k   o    l   o   m    b   a   w   a    h

    j   e   p    i    t    (   p   e   r    l   u    b   a    l   o    k   p   e   n   g   a    k   u    d    i    l   e   v   e    l   p   o   n    d   a   s    i    ) ,    d   e   n   g   a   n   m   e   n   g    h    i    t   u   n   g

    ’

,

   p   c

.

    1

   S  a   t  u   b  e  n   t  a  n  g  p  o  r   t  a   l    d  e  n  g  a  n  m  e   k  a  n   i  s  m  e  s  o   f   t  -  s   t  o  r  y   (   L  e  e   l  a   t  a  v   i  w  a   t  e   t  a   l . ,   1   9

   9   9   )

29/48

    E    l   e   m   e   n   s

   e    l   a    i   n   s   e   g   m   e   n    k

    h   u   s   u   s



    E    l   e   m   e   n   r   a   n   g    k   a

    b   a    t   a   n   g   s   e    l   a    i   n   s   e   g   m   e   n    k    h   u   s   u   s

    d   a   n    k   o    l   o   m ,

    d    i    d   e   s   a    i   n

    b   e   r    d   a   s   a   r    k   a   n    d   e   s   a    i   n    k   a   p   a   s    i    t   a   s

,   y   a    i    t   u    k   o   m    b    i   n   a   s    i   a   n    t   a   r   a    b   e    b   a   n

    b   a    t   a   n   g    t   e   p    i   p   a

    d   a   s   e   g   m   e   n    k    h   u   s   u   s .

,

   n   e ,

   p   e   r   s   a   m   a   a   n    E    4   ‐    5    (    A    I    S    C    2    0    1    0    b    )

.

       3

.

       0 .

       0       3       6





   y

   n   c

   n   e

   s

   s    L

    V

    E

    I

    L

    L

30/48

    D    i   a   g   r   a   m

    f   r   e   e

    b   o

    d   y    b   e

   n    t   a   n   g   e    k   s    t   e   r

    i   o   r    d   a   n    i   n    t   e   r    i   o   r

    (    C    h

   a   o   ‐    G   o   e    l    2    0    0    6    )

  e  e

  a

   g  a  y  a  g  e  s  e  r  m  a

  s  m  u  m   p  r  o

   c  a  r ,  s  r  u

  u  r

  p  s  a   m

  e  n  a

   a  g  r  a  m   r  e

  e

  o

  y

   b  e  n   t  a  n  g  e   k  s   t  e  r   i  o  r

   (  a   )  g  a  y  a   l  a   t  e  r  a   l    k  e   k  a  n  a  n ,

   (   b   )  g  a  y

  a   l  a   t  e  r  a   l    k  e   k   i  r   i

   (  c   )   k  e   d  u  a  a  r  a   h

  s  a  m  a

31/48

    G   a   y   a

   g   e   s   e   r   m   a    k   s    i   m   u

   m



    G   a   y   a   g   e   s   e   r   m   a

    k   s    i   m   u   m ,

    V   n   e ,   p

   a    d   a    t   e   n   g   a    h    “   s   e   g

   m   e   n    k    h   u   s   u   s    ”

    t   e   r   c   a   p   a    i   s   a   a    t    k

   o    l   o   m    l   a   n    t   a    i    1   m

   e   n   c   a   p   a    i    k   a   p   a   s    i    t   a   s   m   a    k   s    i   m   u   m ,

    M   p   c .



   a   a   p

   u ,

   g   a   y   a   a   e   r   a   p   e   n   g   m

   a   n   g   p   a   a   r   e   e

   o   y

   a   n   g   g   a   p

    d    i    d    i   s    t   r    i    b   u   s    i    k   a   n

   s   a   m   a   s   e   p   e   r    t    i   s   e    b   e    l   u   m   n   y   a ,

    b   e   s   a   r   n   y   a    d    i    h    i    t   u   n   g

    d   a   r    i

.



    B   e   n    t   a   n   g   e    k   s    t   e   r    i   o   r    b   e    b   a   n    l   a    t   e   r   a    l    k   e    k   a   n   a   n ,    j   u

   m    l   a    h    t   o    t   a    l   g   a   y   a   n   y   a   :

       2

   n

   n

   n

       1

       1

       1

       2

       8































    R

   n   e

    i   u

   p   c

    i    i

   e   x   t

    i

    i

    i

    i

    F

    V

   w

    M

    h

,









        i     n       t

       2



























   n

   n

    R

   n   e

   p   c

    i    i

    i

    F

    L

    V

    M

    h

       1

       1





    i

    i

32/48

    P   r   o    f    i    l   u   n    t   u    k   e    l   e   m   e   n   s   e   m

   e   n    k    h   u   s   u   s



    S   e    t   e    l   a    h   s   e   m   u   a

   g   a   y   a   p   e   r    l   u   u   n    t   u    k   m   e   n   c   a   p   a    i    k   e

   s   e    i   m    b   a   n   g   a   n    t   e    l   a    h

    d    i    b   e   r    i    k   a   n   p   a    d   a

   s    t   r   u    k    t   u   r    f   r   e   e    b   o    d   y ,   e    l   e   m   e   n   ‐   e    l   e   m   e   n   p   a    d   a   s    t   r   u

    k    t   u   r

   a   n   a    l    i   s    i   s   e    l   a   s    t    i   s

   y   a   n   g    b    i   a   s   a .

,

   p    i    l    i    h   a   n   p   e   n   a   m   p   a   n   g   r   e    l   a    t    i    f   c   u    k

   u   p    b   a   n   y   a    k

.



    U   n    t   u    k   s   e   m   e   n

    k    h   u   s   u   s   a   a   r

   a   s    t    i    b   a    h   w   a    k   e   r   u

   n    t   u    h   a   n   n   a    d   a    k

    t   a    i    l

   m   a    k   a   p   r   o    f    i    l   y   a   n   g    d    i   p    i    l    i    h

,   y   a   n   g

    t   e    l   a    h    d    i   u    j    i   e   m   p

    i   r    i   s

,   s   e   p   e   r    t    i   s    i    k   u

      ‐

   g   a   n    d   a    d   a   n   p   e    l   a    t    (    I    t   a   n    i   ‐    G   o   e    l    1    9    9    1

,    B   a   s    h   a   ‐    G   o   e    l    1    9    9    4    ) ,   p   r   o    f    i    l

      ‐

    T   e   e

    (    L   e   e    l   a    t   a   v    i   w   a    t   e    t .   a    l    1    9    9    8    ) ,    k   a   n   a    l      ‐   g   a   n    d   a    (    P   a   r�

Wiryanto HAKI 25 26 Agustus 2015

Documents

Transcript of Wiryanto HAKI 25 26 Agustus 2015