FMIPA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG

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TUGAS MIKROBIOLOGI

Hari Jumat, 29 Mei 2015

Tugas: di diskusikan di Jam kuliah, dikerjakan tertulis secara individu dikumpulkan hari Senin, 1 juni 2015. Di taruh di Locker Bp. Ibnul.1. List all the major prokaryotic structurees and provide a brief discription of the functions of each. Dinding sel

Nukleus

Sitoplasma

Material genetik

ribosom

2. Describe facilitated diffusion, siderophore and group translocation in term of

their distinctive characteristics and mechanisms

Difusi fasilitatif= mekanisme pengangkutan zat dari gradien konsentrasi tinggi ke rendah melalui bantuan carrier proteinSiderophore=

3. Sumber energi, Karbon serta donor proton/ elektron bagi bakteri E coli

adalah senyawa organik. Jelaskan pernyataan tersebut disertai ilustrasinya.

4. A wide variety of electron acceptors can be used in catabolism : O2 (aerobic respiration), organic molecules (anaerobic respiration) and oxidized inorganic molecules other than O2 (fermentation) TRUE or FALSE. Explain your answer.

5. Isilah pada kolom sebelah kanan tabel dengan A (anabolisme ) atau K

(katabolisme) sesuai dengan kolom sebelah kiri dan jelaskan alasannya

AktivitasA atau KAlasan

Fermentasi alkohol

The Calvin Cycle

Respirasi anaerobik

TCA Cycle

Nitrogen fixation

Embden-Meyerhoff Pathway

Enter-Duodorof pathway

Fatty Acid -Oxidation

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Dark reactions

6. Suatu medium tersusun oleh : glukosa, 5 gr ; NH4Cl 1g ; KH2PO4, 1 g ; MgSO4, 0.3 g; ekstrak yeast, 5 g ; aquades, 1 l.

a. Tergolong medium sintetik / medium terbatas (defined medium) ataukah medium kompleks susunan di atas ?

b. Berdasar sumber C ( karbon ) mikrobia pengguna medium di atas disebut .

c. Berdasar sumber E (energi ) mikrobia pengguna medium di atas disebut .

d. Berdasar sumber H/e (Hidrogen/elektron ) mikrobia pengguna medium di atas disebut.

e. Berdasarkan kreteria : b, c, dan d di atas maka tipe nutrisi mikrobia pengguna medium di atas disebut .

7. a. How do substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

differ from one another?

b. Suppose that you isolated a bacterial strain that carried out oxygenic photosynthesis. What photosystem would it possess and what group of bacteria would it most likely belong to?

8. Jelaskanlah ilustrasi gambar-gambar di bawah ini

Soal bagian B.

Petunjuk :1. Jawablah semua pertanyaan berikut ini dengan SINGKAT dan JELAS

SKOR

1. Salah satu tonggak sejarah perkembangan mikrobiologi adalah penemuan efek mikrobia terhadap materi organik dan anorganik. Jelaskan maksud pernyataan di atas disertai 2 contoh pendukungnya.

2. Jelaskan mekanisme pengecatan Gram ditinjau dari perbedaan struktur dan susunan kimia antara dinding sel bakteri gram positip dan negatip.

3 . a. Tulislah postulat Koch secara lengkap

b. Gejala penyakit sapi gila (Mad Cow) yang marak akhir-akhir ini apakah bisa dijelaskan atau memenuhi kaidah postulat KOCH. Jelaskan.4. A wide variety of electron acceptors can be used in catabolism : O2 (aerobic respiration), organic molecules (anaerobic respiration) and oxidized inorganic molecules other than O2 (fermentation) TRUE or FALSE. Explain your answer. 5. Why is it importan to our environment that bacteria grow by diverse energy-yielding pathways ?

6. Berikan pengertian istilah berikut ini :

a) Lag phase

b) Obligat aerobc) Pasteurisasi

d) Siderophores

e) Disinfectant Soal bagian C1. Salah satu batasan mikrobiologi adalahKajian terhadap mahluk hidup yang sangat kecil untuk dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang. Mikrobiologi juga menyangkut soal teknik 2. Berilah penjelasan singkat tentang:

a. mahluk hidup yang sangat kecil

b. teknik dalam mikrobiologi

3. Gambarlah sel bakteri, tunjukkan bagian yang disebut: Flagel, dinding sel, membran plasma, nukleoid, ribosom. Jelaskan fungsi masing-masing dengan tabel!4. Pasangkanlah struktur virus berikut ini dengan deskripsi di sampingnya ( saudara cukup menyalin kolom sebelah kiri dan memasangkan huruf yang sesuai di depannya)

____Capsid

___Virion

___Spike

___Envelope

___Naked virus

___Nucleocapsid

(a) Surrounding lipid bilayer membrane

(b) Complete virus particle, including envelope if it has one

(c) Surrounding protein coat

(d) Projection made of glycoprotein that serves to attach

virions to specific receptor sites

(e) Virions genome together with capsid

(f) Virus with a nucleocapsid but no envelop

5. Tulislah di tempat kosong di depan setiap pernyataan di bawah ini dengan P (untuk Prokaryote). E (untuk eukaryote), B ( untuk keduanya; Prokaryote dan Eukaryote) atau N ( jika bukan keduanya, prokaryote dan eukaryote). Saudara cukup menyalin nomor soal dan huruf ( 6 (a)___6 (b)___ dan seterusnya kemudian mengisi dengan pilihan huruf yang tepat)

(a) ____Single chromosome

(b) ___Membrane-bound nucleus

(c) ___Fluid-mosaic membrane

(d) ___Viruses

(e) ___70S ribosomes

(f) ___Endoplasmic reticulum

(g) ___Respiratory enzymes in mitochondria

(h) ___Mitosis

(i) ___Peptidoglycan in cell wall

(j) ___Cilia

(k) ___80S ribosomes

(l) ___Chloroplasts

(m) ___9+2 microtubule arrangement in flagella

(n) ___Bacteria

(o) ___Can have extrachromosomal DNA

(p) ___Meiosis

Soal Pilihan ganda

1. The cell wall is usually found in which eukaryotes?

a. fungi

b. algae

c. protozoa

d. a and b

2. In general, fungi derive nutrients through

a. photosynthesis

b. engulfing bacteria

c. digesting organic substrates

d. parasitism3. A hypha divided into compartments by cross walls is called

a. nonseptate

b. septate

c. imperfect d. Perfect

4. Viruses are not considered living things because

a. they are not cells

b. they cannot reproduce by themselves

c. they lack metabolism

d. all of these are correct

5. Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?

a. cell membrane b. ribosomes

c. a nucleoid d. actin cytoskeleton

6. The major locomotor structures in bacteria are

a. Flagella

b. fimbriae

c. pili

d. cilia

7. Pili are tubular shafts in bacteria that serve as a means of .

a. gram-positive, genetic exchange

b. gram-positive, attachment

c. gram-negative, genetic exchange

d. gram-negative, protection

8. An example of a glycocalyx is

a. a capsuleb. outer membrane

c. pili d. a cell wall

9. Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function?

a. Transport

b. support

c. motility d. adhesion

10. Which of the following is present in both gram-positive and gramnegativecell walls?

a. an outer membraneb. teichoic acid

c. peptidoglycan

d. lipopolysaccharides

11. An arrangement in packets of eight cells is described as a .

a. Micrococcusb. Tetrad

c. Diplococcusd. Sarcina

12. The major difference between a spirochete and a spirillum is

a. presence of flagella

b. the nature of motility

c. the presence of twistsd. size

13. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), kuru, scrapie, and mad

cow disease are caused by:

a. Viroids

b. Prions

c. RNA viruses

d. DNA viruses14. To which taxonomic group do cyanobacteria belong?

a. Domain Archaea b. Domain Bacteria

c. Phylum Actinobacteria d. Phylum Fusobacteria

15. Which stain is used to distinguish differences between the cell walls

of medically important bacteria?

a. simple stain b. Gram stain

c. acridine orange staind. negative stain16. A virus is a tiny infectious

a. cell.

b. living thing.c. particle.d. nucleic acid.17. Viruses are known to infect

a. plants.

b. bacteria.c. fungi

d. all organisms.18.. The nucleic acid of a virus is

a. DNA only.

b. RNA only. c. both DNA and RNA.d. either DNA or RNA.19. The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are

a. adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release.

b. endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly, and budding.

c. adsorption, uncoating, duplication, assembly, and lysis.d. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and

exocytosis.20. A prophage is an early stage in the development of a/an

a. bacterial virus..

b. poxvirus.c. lytic virus d. enveloped virus.21. In general, RNA viruses multiply in the cell __, and DNA viruses multiply in the cell ___.

a. nucleus, cytoplasm

b. cytoplasm, nucleusc. vesicles, ribosomes nucleus d. endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus22. Viruses cannot be cultivated in

a. tissue culture.

b. bird embryos c. live mammals

d. blood agar.23. Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus

infection are called

a. plaques..

b. pocks. c. colonies d. prions.24. A chemical component that is found in all viruses is:

a. Protein

b. RNA

c. Lipid

d. DNA

25. Viruses that infect bacteria are called:

a. Satellites

b. Bacteriophages

c. Bacteriocins

d. Bacterioviruses

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