TEORI MOTIVASI Content Theories

1

TEORI MOTIVASI Content Theories

Mustika Lukman Arief, SE. MBA. MM.

www.mustikalukmanariefkefvin.com

2

Pengertian dan Model Motivasi Teori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow Teori dua faktor Frederick Herzberg Teori kebutuhan McClelland Alderfer’s ERG theory

Materi Pengajaran


3

Pengertian dan Model Motivasi

Pengertian

The willing to exert high levels of effort toward organization goals, conditioned by effort to satisfy some individual need

Model Motivasi Teori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow Teori dua faktor Frederick Herzberg Teori kebutuhan McClelland Alderfer’s ERG theory

Source : Stephen P. Robbinswww.mustikalukmanariefkefvin.com

4

The Motivational Process : An Initial Model

INeed deficiencies“I want to perform well to earn the promotion.”

IVPerformance (evaluation of goal accomplished)“Highest ratings on quantity, quality and cost containment.”

IIIGoal directed behavior“The Promotion.”

IISearch for ways satisfy needs“I need to show the manager that I want the promotion work on tough assignments, work extra hours, help co-worker.”

VRewards of punishments“Received recognition award; granted the opportunity to attend training program.”

VINeed deficiencies reassessed by the employee“I still want the promotion. I’ve got to try another approach.”

The Employee


5

Teori hirarki kebutuhan Maslow

“That people’s needs depend on what they already have. In a sense, then, a satisfied needs isn’t a motivator. Human needs, organized in a hierarchy of importance, are physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self actualization”

Source : Gibson www.mustikalukmanariefkefvin.com

6

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Self actualization

Esteem

Social / Belongingness

Safety

PhysiologicalSource : Stephen P. Robbinswww.mustikalukmanariefkefvin.co

m

7

TEORI DUA FAKTOR FREDERICK HERZBERG

View that job satisfaction results from the presence of intrinsic motivators and that job dissatisfaction stems from not having extrinsic factors


8

Traditional and Herzberg Views of Satisfaction-Dissatifaction

I. TraditionalHigh job dissatisfaction

High job satisfaction

II. Herzberg’s two-factor viewLow job satisfaction

High job satisfaction (motivator)

Low job dissatisfaction

High job satisfaction (hygiene)


9

Teori Kebutuhan McClelland

Learned Needs Theory

Theory that proposes that a person with a strong need will be motivated to use appropriate behaviors to satisfy the need. A person’s needs are learned from the culture of a society

Thematis Apperception Test (TAT)

Projective test that uses a person’s analysis of picture to evaluate such individual differences as need for achivement, need for power, and need for affiliation


10

The theory focus on three needs

1. Need for achievement

3. Need for affiliation

The drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed

2. Need for power

The need to make others behave in a way that they wouldn’t have behaved otherwise

The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships


11

Alderfer’s ERG theory

Theory developed and tested by Alderfer that categorized needs as existence, related-ness and growth

Source : Gibson

Existence; needs satisfied by such as food, air, water, pay and working conditions

Growth; needs satisfied by an individual making creative or productive contributions

Related-ness; needs satisfied by meaningful social and interpersonal relationship


12

ERG Theory Relationships among Frustration, Importance and Satisfaction of Needs

Frustration of growth needs

Importanceof growth needs

Satisfactionof growth needs

Frustration of relatedness needs

Importanceof relatedness needs

Satisfactionof relatedness needs

Frustration of existence needs

Importanceof existence needs

Satisfactionof existence needs


13

A graphic Comparison of Four Content Theories of Motivation

Maslow(need hierarchy)

Self-actualization

Esteem

Belongingness, social and love

Physiological

Herzberg(two factor theory)The work itself- Responsibility- Advancement- Growth

Achievement Recognition

Quality of interpersonal relations among peers, with supervisor, with subordinates

Job security

Working conditions Salary

Alderfer

Growth

Relatedness

Existence

Mc Clelland

Need for achievement

Need for power

Need for affiliation

Higher order needs

Basic needs

Motivators

Hygiens conditions


TEORI MOTIVASI Content Theories

Documents

Transcript of TEORI MOTIVASI Content Theories