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FORMULASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN FORMULA TABLET SAMBILOTO
(ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES) SEBAGAI ANTIPIRETIK DENGAN
SENYAWA AKTIF ANDROGRAFOLIT
A. JUDUL
Formulas !a" P#"$#m%a"$a" Formula Ta%l#& E's&ra' Sam%lo&o (A"!ro$ras
Pa"*ula&a N##s) s#%a$a A"&r#&' !#"$a" S#"+a,a A'&- A"!ro-ra-ol&
A. LATAR BELAKANG MASALAH
Ta"ama" sam%lo&o (A"!ro$ras a"*ula&a N##s) m#rua'a" sala sa&u
&a"ama" +a"$ !$u"a'a" s#%a$a o%a& &ra!so"al. Ba$a" &a"ama" +a"$ %#r'asa&
s#%a$a a"&ra!a"$/ a"&"-lamas/ !a" a"&r#&' a!ala !au" sam%lo&o. Dau" sam%lo&om#ml' 'a"!u"$a" 'ma !a"&ara"+a !#o'sa"!ro$ra-ol!/ a"!ro$ra-ol!/
"o#a"!ro$ra-ol!/ 012!!#!roa"!ro$ra-ol!/ !a" omoa"!ro$ra-ol! (Hara"a/ 1334).
Pa!a #r*o%aa" -arma'olo$s s#"+a,a 'ma +a"$ %#r'asa& s#%a$a a"&ra!a"$ a!ala
a"!ro$raol!/ !#o's2a"!ro$ra-ol!/ !a" "#oa"!ro$ra-ol! (A*ma! #& al./ 1335).
Pa!a umum"+a mas+ara'a& m#"$$u"a'a" !au" sam%lo&o !#"$a" *ara
m#"$am%l ar r#%usa" !ar !au" sam%lo&o. Cara #"$$u"aa" " !rasa 'ura"$ ra'&s/
ma'a !ar &u !#rlu'a" "o6as %aru u"&u' m#""$'a&'a" '#"+ama"a" !a" '#mu!aa"
!alam #"$$u"aa""+a/ +a&u !#"$a" !%ua& s#!aa" &a%l#&. Ta%l#& m#rua'a" %#"&u'
s#!aa" +a"$ u&u !a" m#"a,ar'a" '#mamua" r%a' !ar s#mua %#"&u' s#!aa" oral
u"&u' '#a&a" u'ura" s#r&a 6ara%l&as 'a"!u"$a" +a"$ al"$ r#"!a. A!au"
'#u"&u"$a" !ar s#!aa" &a%l#& a"&ara la" mura/ mu!a !'#mas/ !a" !'rm/
&a'ara""+a a&/ 6ara%l&as 'a"!u"$a" r#"!a s#r&a !aa& !7a!'a" ro!u' !#"$a"
ro-l #l#asa" 'usus (Ba"'#r a"! A"!#rso"/ 0889).
Pa!a %#"&u' s#!aa" &a%l#&/ s#la" %aa" a'&- !#rlu'a" 7u$a %aa" &am%aa".
Baa" &am%aa" m#m#$a"$ #ra"a" #"&"$ !alam #m%ua&a" &a%l#& 1 +a&u
m#mu!a'a" #m%ua&a" %#"&u' s#!aa" !a" m#m#r%a' s-a& -s' &a%l#&. M#&o!# +a"$
!aa& !$u"a'a" !alam #m%ua&a" &a%l#& a!ala m#&o!# *#&a' la"$su"$ !a" m#&o!#
$ra"ulas r$a"&u"$ !ar s-a& -s'a 'ma :a& a'&-"+a (Ba"'#r a"! A"!#rso"/ 0889).
Perumusan Masalah
0. Aa'a #'s&ra' sam%lo&o !aa& !-ormulas m#"7a! s#!aa" &a%l#&;1. Aa'a -ormula &a%l#& #'s&ra' sam%lo&o m#m#"u s+ara& &a%l#& +a"$ !&a'a";
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Gam%ar 0.0 H#r%a sam%lo&o. 0. Ta"ama" sam%lo&o/ 1. Bu"$a sam%lo&o +a"$ %#r$m#"&as/
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+a"$ !'#r"$'a"/ %a&a"$/ !a" !au" (Cao !a" L"/ 1303). D !alam !au"/ 'a!ar
s#"+a,a a"!ro$ra-ol! m#ml' 7umla r&"$$ +a&u s#%#sar 1/?29/ !ar %#ra&
'#r"$"+a (Praa":a !a" Mar&o/ 133
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'o"s#"&ras a"&ara laru&a" ! !alam s#l !#"$a" ! luar s#l. Laru&a" +a"$
'o"s#"&ras"+a &"$$ a'a" r!#sa' '#luar !a" !$a"& ol# *ara" #"+ar !#"$a"
'o"s#"&ras r#"!a (ros#s !-us). Smlsa +a"$ a'a" !#'s&ra's !ma&'a"
a!a ,a!a a&au %#7a"a +a"$ %#rmulu& l#%ar %#rsama laru&a" #"+ar +a"$ la
!&a'a"/ %#7a"a !&u&u raa& '#mu!a" !'o*o' %#rula"$2ula"$ s#"$$a
m#mu"$'"'a" #laru& masu' '# s#luru #rmu'aa" smlsa (D#K#s RI/
084).
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mu*la$o/ a&au sus#"s). Namu" !aa& 7u$a !&am%a'a" !alam %#"&u'
'#r"$/ s#la !*amur !#"$a" massa +a"$ a'a" !$ra"ul %aru !&am%a'a"
#laru&/ %aa" #"$'a& +a"$ %asa !$u"a'a" a!ala a'asa/ &ra$a'a"/
$#la&"/ (#"$'a& !ar alam)/ poli"inilpirolidon/ HPMC/ CMC2Na/ #&l
s#lulosa (olm#r s"&'s#ms"&') (Sulama"/ 1335).
#"s %aa" #"$a"*ur +a"$
umum !$u"a'a" a!ala amlum/ microcystalline cellulose (MCC)/ !a"
al$"a& (Sulama"/ 1335).
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M#&o!# $ra"ulas %asa m#rua'a" sala sa&u m#&o!# +a"$ al"$ s#r"$
!$u"a'a" !alam m#mro!u's &a%l#& 'omr#s. La"$'a2la"$'a +a"$
!#rlu'a" !alam #m%ua&a" &a%l#& !#"$a" m#&o!# $ra"ulas %asa " !aa&
!%a$ s#%a$a %#r'u&/ +a&u m#"m%a"$ !a" m#"*amur %aa"2%aa" +a"$
!#rlu'a" !alam -ormulas/ #m%ua&a" $ra"ulas %asa/ #"$a+a'a" a!o"a"
l#m%a% m#"7a! #l#& a&au $ra"ul/ '#mu!a" !la'u'a" #"$#r"$a"/
#"$a+a'a" '#r"$/ #"*amura" %aa" #l"*"/ !a" #m%ua&a" &a%l#& !#"$a"
'omr#s (A"s#l et al./ 133?).
K#u"&u"$a" m#&o!# $ra"ulas %asa =
a) M#""$'a&'a" 'o#s6&as !a" 'oma'&%l&as s#r%u'.
%) M#"*#$a s#$r#$as 'omo"#" #"+usu" &a%l#& +a"$ la omo$#"
s#%#lum ros#s #"*amura".
*) M#m#r%a' '#*#a&a" #laru&a" :a& a'&- u"&u' :a&2:a& +a"$ %#rs-a&
!ro-o%/ !#"$a" #ra"&ara *ara" #laru& +a"$ *o*o' a!a %aa" #"$'a&
(Ba"!#l"/ 088).
1) M#&o!# $ra"ulas '#r"$
Pa!a m#&o!# $ra"ulas '#r"$/ $ra"ul !%#"&u' !ar #"am%aa" %aa"
#"$'a& '# !alam *amura" s#r%u' o%a& &a !#"$a" *ara m#ma!a&'a"
massa +a"$ 7umla"+a %#sar !ar *amura" s#r%u'/ !a" s#la &u
m#m#*a'a""+a !a" m#"7a!'a""+a #*aa"2#*aa" '# !alam $ra"ul +a"$
l#% '#*l. M#&o!# " 'usus"+a u"&u' %aa"2%aa" +a"$ &!a' !aa& !ola
!#"$a" m#&o!# $ra"ulas %asa/ 'ar#"a '##'aa""+a ra!a ua ar a&au
'ar#"a u"&u' m#"$#r"$'a""+a !#rlu'a" m#ra&ur +a"$ !"a''a" (A"s#l
et al./ 133?).
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!'omr#s !alam m#s" &a%l#& &a"a m#m#rlu'a" $ra"ulas %asa a&au '#r"$
(A"s#l et al./ 133?). K#%a"+a'a" o%a& %#r!oss %#sar &!a' *o*o' m#"$$u"a'a"
m#&o!# ". Ba"+a' 7u$a o%a& %#r!oss '#*l +a"$ &!a' !aa& %#r*amur m#ra&a
a"&ara :a& a'&- !#"$a" #"$s"+a/ %la m#"$$u"a'a" m#&o!# '#ma la"$su"$/
s#"$$a ros#s " &!a' ra'&s (Ba"'#r and A"!#rso"/ 0889).
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Tabel 1. Ine!s Suu" D#am Berhubun$an en$an S#%a" Al#r
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A !a" &!a' sa&uu" &a%l#& +a"$ %o%o&"+a m#"+ma"$ !ar %o%o& ra&a2ra&a"+a
l#% !ar ar$a +a"$ !&a'a" 'olom B a!a Ta%#l 1 (A"o"m/ 0858).
1) K#'#rasa"
Umum"+a s#ma'" %#sar 'a"a" s#ma'" '#ras &a%l#& +a"$ !asl'a".
Ala& +a"$ !$u"a'a" a!ala hardness tester. K#'#rasa" &a%l#& m#rua'a"
'#&aa"a" &a%l#& ra!a $u"*a"$a" m#'a"' s#lama #"$#masa" !a"
#"$rma" +a"$ !&u"7u''a" !#"$a" a!a"+a r#&a'a" !a" #*aa". Cara"+a
s#%ua &a%l#& !l#&a''a" 6#r&'al ! a"&ara u7u"$ !a" #"#'a"a". Ala& !u&ar
s#"$$a &a%l#& r'a" !a" #*a/ s'ala '#'#rasa" mula2mula a!a a"$'a 3 a'a"
%#ru%a !a" '#'#rasa" &a%l#& la !%a*a a!a s'ala rs#%u& !#"$a" sa&ua" '$.
Pa!a umum"+a &a%l#& !'a&a'a" %a' +a"$ m#mu"+a '#'#rasa" a"&ara 903 '$
(Sulama"/ 1335).
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Pa!a -ormulas !alam &a%l#&/ as&a amlum !$u"a'a" a!a 'o"s#"&ras
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#msaa" r7a! s#lama #ram%a&a" 'al#r (#"$#m%a"$a"). S#la"7u&"+a/ s#"+a,a
+a"$ &!a' %#r,ar"a arus !&ama''a" a&au !!#'s (S&al/ 08?).
Gam%ar 9.0 Hasl KLT #r%aAndrographis paniculata (Burm.-.) N##s a!a #"$ama&a"
! %a,a lamu U 1?9 "m !a"
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1 2 3 4
Alasa" = a) Baa" a'&- m#rua'a" %aa" alam s#"$$a &!a' !aa& !la'u'a" !#"$a"
$ra"ulas '#r"$ 'ar#"a 'a"!u"$a" ar !ar %aa" a'&- r#la&- &"$$.
%) M#"*#$a s#$r#$as 'omo"#" #"+usu" &a%l#& +a"$ la omo$#"
s#%#lum ros#s #"*amura".
*) M#m#r%a' '#*#a&a" #laru&a" :a& a'&- u"&u' :a&2:a& +a"$ %#rs-a&
!ro-o%/ !#"$a" #ra"&ara *ara" #laru& +a"$ *o*o' a!a %aa" #"$'a&
(Ba"!#l"/ 088).
!) M#""$'a&'a" s-a& alr !ar 'omo"#" #"+usu" &a%l#&.
9. M#&o!# KLT
Fas# !am )Sl*a G#l 43 GF1?9 (? 03 *m)
Fas# G#ra' )E&l as#&a& = m#&l #&l '#&o" = asam -orma& = ar (?3=
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a. M#la'u'a" #"$a+a'a" '#r"$ !a" #"*amura" %aa" #l"*"/ s#r&a #l"*r
(Tal' 1/9 $ !a" M$S 0/ $).%. M#"$u7 s-a& alr.
*. M#"*#&a' &a%l#& !#"$a" m#s" 'omr#s !a" m#la'u'a" #"$u7a"2#"$u7a".
4. Param#r E6aluas Pro!u'4.0 Gra"ul
a) Wa'&u alr (033$ 03 !#&')
%) Su!u& !am ('a su!u& !am %#ra!a a!a r#"&a"$
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s-a& alr/ !ma"a $ra"ul m#ml' s-a& alr %a' 'ar#"a %#ra!a a!a r#"&a"$ 1?2
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P#rs+ara&a" u"&u' &a%l#& 'o"6#"so"al +a"$ %a' a!ala m#ml' '#'#rasa"
%#r'sar a"&ara 92 '$ s#"$$a !aa& !'a&a'a" s#luru -ormula m#m#"u #rs+ara&a"
'#'#rasa" &a%l#&.
Ta%l#& umum"+a !'a&a'a" %a' 7'a '#raua""+a &!a' l#% !ar 3/ /
s#!a"$'a" asl"+a a!ala 3/038. Hasl " %#r%a"!"$ r%al' !#"$a" '#'#rasa" &a%l#&/
!ma"a a!a '#'#rasa" &a%l#&/ m#ml' &"$'a& '#'#rasa" +a"$ *u'u !a" masu'
r#"&a"$. Ta%l#& !#"$a" '#'#rasa" +a"$ *u'u m#ml' !a+a 'a& a"&ar$ra"ul !a"
'#'oma'a" +a"$ %a' ula s#"$$a '#raua""+a 7u$a s#ma'" '#*l 'ar#"a
#l#asa" %o%o& !ar &a%l#& a'%a& #"$'sa" 7u$a l#% '#*l. >a!/ asl rs#%u&
m#"u"7u'a" %a,a &a%l#& #'s&ra' sam%lo&o m#ml' '#raua" +a"$ %a'.
Dar asl !#"&-'as s#"+a,a %#r'asa& !alam &a%l#& #'s&ra' sam%lo&o !#"$a"
m#&o!# KLT !#rol# '#s#suaa" "o!a a"&ara #m%a"!"$ !a" &a%l#& #'s&ra' sam%lo&o
!ma"a "o!a rs#%u& ma"u"7u'a" a!a"+a 'a"!u"$a" a"!ro$ra-ol!. No!a rla& a!a
#"$ama&a" U 1?9. Pa!a #"#l&a" s#%#lum"+a !'#&au %a,a a!a 'a!ar s#&ara ?3
m$/ #'s&ra' sam%lo&o m#ml' #-#' s#%a$a a"&r#&'.
'. KESIMPULAN
B#r!asar'a" asl ra'&'um +a"$ la !la'u'a" !aa& !smul'a" %a,a
#'s&ra' !au" sam%lo&o !aa& !-ormulas'a" !alam s#!aa" &a%l#& !ma"a r!aa"$s la'&osa/ #"$'a& PP K
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2 Ar#- Hara"a. 1334. Tum%ua" o%a& !a" 'asa&"+a. P#"#%ar S,a!a+a = >a'ar&a Hlm
5. L. Ka"$ (#!s.)/ 7l! 1/ #!s a'ar&a. Hlm 49