Solanum tuberosum, L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG SKRIPSI

Kitin Sela Selvian, 2021 PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia I repository.upi.edu I perpustakaan.upi.edu

PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP

PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG

(Solanum tuberosum, L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG

SKRIPSI

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains

Program Studi Kimia Konsentrasi Kimia Lingkungan

Disusun oleh:

Kitin Sela Selvian

1700147

PROGRAM STUDI KIMIA

DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN KIMIA

FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

2021


PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP

PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG

(Solanum tuberosum, L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG

Oleh:

Kitin Sela Selvian

1700147

Skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana

Sains pada Program Studi Kimia Departemen Pendidikan Kimia Fakultas Pendidikan

Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

© Kitin Sela Selvian 2021

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Agustus 2021

Hak Cipta dilindungi Undang-Undang

Skripsi ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya atau sebagian, dengan dicetak ulang,

di fotocopy, atau cara lainnya tanpa izin penulis.

iv Kitin Sela Selvian, 2021 PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia I repository.upi.edu I perpustakaan.upi.edu

ABSTRAK

Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum, L.) merupakan komoditas unggul tanaman

hortikultura yang memiliki prospek besar dalam diversifikasi pangan, sehingga

meningkatkan permintaan produk kentang setiap tahunnya. Dalam meningkatkan

produktivitas tanaman kentang diaplikasikan bionutrien 701 sebagai suplemen tanaman.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bionutrien 701 terhadap

pertumbuhan, laju pertumbuhan, hasil panen, dan kandungan gizi pada kentang varietas

granola kembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis kandungan bionutrien

701, mengaplikasikan bionutrien 701 terhadap kelompok tanaman treatment, pengamatan

tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, panjang daun, dan jumlah daun/tanaman, massa hasil panen,

serta menguji kandungan karbohidrat, protein, vitamin C, dan lemak pada umbi kentang

varietas granola kembang. Hasil analisis terhadap bionutrien 701 memiliki kandungan

unsur N sebesar 0,07%, P sebesar 0,03%, dan K sebesar 0,08%. Aplikasi bionutrien 701

dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, panjang daun, laju pertumbuhan, massa

hasil panen, dan kandungan karbohidrat secara berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 60,70 cm;

5,60 cm; 6,80 cm; 1 minggu-1

; 5,6 Kg; dan 12,53%. Sedangkan jumlah daun/ tanaman,

kandungan protein, vitamin C, dan lemak tertinggi diperoleh kelompok kontrol positif

secara berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 174 daun; 2,83%; 22,18 mg/ 100 gr; dan 0,13%.

Kata kunci: Bionutrien 701, Kentang varietas granola kembang,Laju Pertumbuhan,

Hasil panen, Karbohidrat, Protein, Vitamin C, Lemak.

v Kitin Sela Selvian, 2021 PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia I repository.upi.edu I perpustakaan.upi.edu

ABSTRACK

Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) is a superior horticultural crop that has great prospects in

food diversification, thereby increasing demand for potato products every year. In

increasing the productivity of potato plants, bionutrient 701 was applied as a plant

supplement. This study aims to determine the effect of bionutrient 701 on growth, growth

rate, yield, and nutritional content of granola kembang potato varieties. This research was

conducted by analyzing the content of bionutrient 701, applying bionutrient 701 to the

treatment plant group, observing plant height, leaf width, leaf length, and number of

leaves/plants, harvest mass, and testing the content of carbohydrates, protein, vitamin C,

and fat in potato tuber granola kembang variety. The results of the analysis on bionutrient

701 contained elements of N by 0.07%, P by 0.03%, and K by 0.08%. The application of

bionutrient 701 can increase plant height, leaf width, leaf length, growth rate, yield mass,

and carbohydrate content respectively as follows: 60.70 cm; 5.60 cm; 6.80 cm; 1 week-1

;

5.6 Kg; and 12.53%. Meanwhile, the highest number of leaves/plants, protein, vitamin C,

and fat content was obtained by the positive control group, respectively, as follows: 174

leaves; 2.83%; 22.18 mg/ 100 g; and 0.13%.

Keywords: Bionutrient 701, Potato granola kembang variety, Growth Rate, Yield,

Carbohydrates, Protein, Vitamin C, Fat.

vi Kitin Sela Selvian, 2021 PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia I repository.upi.edu I perpustakaan.upi.edu

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. i

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ................................................................................... ii

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. iv

ABSTRACK ........................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ......................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 5

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 5

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 6

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 7

2.1 Tanaman Kentang ..................................................................................... 7

2.1.1 Taksonomi Tanaman Kentang ........................................................... 7

2.1.2 Kandungan Nutrisi dalam Kentang .................................................... 9

2.1.3 Morfologi Tanaman Kentang ........................................................... 10

2.1.4 Syarat Tumbuh Tanaman Kentang .................................................. 12

2.1.5 Budidaya Tanaman Kentang ............................................................ 13

2.1.6 Hama dan Penyakit pada Tanaman Kentang ................................... 14

2.2 Pengaruh Pupuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kentang ................. 16

2.2.1 Pupuk Organik ................................................................................. 16

2.2.2 Pupuk Anorganik ............................................................................. 16

2.3 Bionutrien ............................................................................................... 17

vii Kitin Sela Selvian, 2021 PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia I repository.upi.edu I perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.4 Laju Pertumbuhan Tanaman ................................................................... 22

2.5 Fotosintesis pada Tanaman ..................................................................... 24

2.6 Peran Nitrogen, Fosfor, dan Kalium sebagai Komponen Utama dalam

Pupuk ...................................................................................................... 32

2.7 Nitrogen dalam Pembentukan Asam Amino .......................................... 33

2.8 Fosfor dalam Pembentukan Protein ........................................................ 36

2.9 Kalium dalam Sistem Transfortasi Tanaman .......................................... 41

2.10 Sintesis Vitamin C .................................................................................. 43

2.11 Sintesis Asam Lemak .............................................................................. 46

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN........................................................................ 48

3.1 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ................................................................. 48

3.2 Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................................ 48

3.2.1 Alat ................................................................................................... 48

3.2.2 Bahan ............................................................................................... 48

3.3 Tahapan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 49

3.3.1 Analisis Kandungan Bionutrien 701 ................................................ 50

3.3.2 Penomoran Sampel Tanaman .......................................................... 51

3.3.3 Tahap Aplikasi ................................................................................. 52

3.3.4 Pengukuran pH dan kelembaban Tanah .......................................... 54

3.3.5 Pengukuran Ketinggian area perkebunan ........................................ 54

3.3.6 Pengukuran Tinggi, Lebar, Panjang, dan Jumlah Daun Tanaman .. 54

3.3.7 Hasil Panen ...................................................................................... 54

3.3.8 Tahap Pengujian Organoleptik Umbi Kentang ................................ 55

3.3.9 Tahap Pengujian Laboratorium Hasil Panen ................................... 55

BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................... 58

4.1 Analisis Bionutrien 701 .......................................................................... 58

viii Kitin Sela Selvian, 2021 PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia I repository.upi.edu I perpustakaan.upi.edu

4.2 Pengaruh Aplikasi Bionutrien 701 Terhadap Kondisi Tanah ................. 60

4.3.1 Pengaruh Aplikasi Bionutrien 701 Terhadap pH Tanah .................. 60

4.3.2 Pengaruh Aplikasi Bionutrien 701 Terhadap Kelembapan Tanah .. 62

4.3 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kentang

varietas Granola Kembang ...................................................................... 64

4.4.1 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 Terhadap Tinggi dan Laju Pertumbuhan

Tanaman Kentang ............................................................................ 64

4.4.2 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 Terhadap Lebar Daun ............................. 68

4.4.3 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 Terhadap Panjang Daun .......................... 70

4.4.4 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 Terhadap jumlah Daun ........................... 71

4.4 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 terhadap Ketahanan Tanaman Kentang Varietas

Granola Kembang ................................................................................... 74

4.5 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 terhadap Hasil Panen Tanaman Kentang

Varietas Granola Kembang ..................................................................... 76

4.5.1 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 terhadap Massa Panen Tanaman Kentang

Varietas Granola Kembang .............................................................. 76

4.5.2 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 terhadap Kandungan Karbohidrat ........... 80

4.5.3 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 terhadap Kandungan Protein .................. 82

4.5.4 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 terhadap Kandungan Vitamin C ............. 83

4.5.5 Pengaruh Bionutrien 701 terhadap Kandungan Lemak ................... 85

BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI .............................. 88

5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................. 88

5.2 Implikasi dan Rekomendasi .................................................................... 88

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 89

LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 102

RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................. 113

89 Kitin Sela Selvian, 2021 PENGARUH APLIKASI BIONUTRIEN 701 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETAS GRANOLA KEMBANG Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia I repository.upi.edu I perpustakaan.upi.edu

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