Sejarah Evolusi Buaya

7/23/2019 Sejarah Evolusi Buaya

1/11

0

SEJARAH EVOLUSI BUAYA

Disusun untuk memenuhi tugas Mata Kuliah Evolusi

Dosen: dr Fahma Wijayanti, M.Si

Nama : Medina Deanti Sari

NIM : 1111095000034

Semester : 4

Tanggal Pengumpulan : Jumat, 17 Mei 2013

PRODI BIOLOGI

FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2013


2/11


3/11

2

dinosaurus mereka teradaptasi lebih baik untuk hidup dengan mencari mangsa). Erpetosuchus

dan Doswellia adalah dua kandidat terkemuka untuk kehormatan dari ' buaya, pertama' meskipun

hubungan evolusi awal archosaurs ini masih tidak meyakinkan. Yang lain mungkin merupakan

direklasifikasi xilousuchus, dari awal trias asia, seekor archosaur dengan beberapa karakteristik.

Buaya yang jelas.

Dari awal jaman jurassic ( sekitar 200 juta tahun yang lalu ), sebagian besar buaya telah

meninggalkan gaya hidup terrestrial mereka. Ini ketika kita mulai melihat adaptasi laut yang

menandai karakteristik modern buaya dan aligator: panjang tubuh, tungkai terentang dan sempit,

datar, moncong gigi dengan rahangnya yang kuat. Masih ada ruang untuk inovasi, meskipun:

misalnya, ahli paleontologi percaya bahwa stomatosuchus hidup dengan plankton dan krill,

seperti paus abu-abu modern.

Sekitar 100 juta tahun yang lalu, ke arah tengah periode Cretaceous, beberapa buaya mulai

meniru keturunan dinosaurus mereka dengan berkembang ke ukuran besar. Raja buaya

Cretaceous adalah Sarcosuchus besar, dijuluki 'SuperCroc' oleh media, yang diukur panjangnya

sekitar 40 kaki dari kepala ke ekor dan beratnya di lingkungan hingga 10 ton. Dan jangan lupa

Deinosuchus sedikit lebih kecil, 'deino' dalam namanya mengkonotasikan konsep yang sama

sebagai 'dinosaurus' dalam dinosaurus: 'mengerikan' atau 'menakutkan.'

Salah satu cara di mana buaya prasejarah itu memang lebih mengesankan daripada kerabat

terestrial mereka adalah kemampuan mereka, sebagai kelompok, untuk bertahan hidup peristiwa

kepunahan dinosaurus dari muka bumi 65 juta tahun yang lalu (mengapa hal ini begitu tetap

menjadi misteri, meskipun menjadi petunjuk penting bahwa tidak ada penambahan ukuran buaya

berdampak pada meteor). Sekarang buaya dan aligator sedikit berubah dari nenek moyang

mereka pada prasejarah, petunjuk mengatakan bahwa reptil ini adalah (dan tetap) sangat baik

disesuaikan dengan lingkungan mereka.

Berikut adalah daftar dari buaya yang paling menonjol dan phytosaurs:

Aegisuchus Better known as the "ShieldCroc."
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Aegisuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Aegisuchus.htm


4/11

3

Araripesuchus This long-legged crocodile hunted its prey on land.

Baurusuchus A land-dwelling crocodile of Cretaceous South America.

Bernissartia One of the smallest of all the Cretaceous crocodiles.

Champsosaurus A crocodile-like reptile of the late Cretaceous period.
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Araripesuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Baurusuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/bernissartia.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Champsosaurus.htmhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/V/A/-/-/NTbernissartia.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/e/N/-/-/baurusuchusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/W/N/-/-/araripesuchusGL.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/f/V/-/-/aegisuchus.pnghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/V/A/-/-/NTbernissartia.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/e/N/-/-/baurusuchusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/W/N/-/-/araripesuchusGL.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/f/V/-/-/aegisuchus.pnghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/V/A/-/-/NTbernissartia.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/e/N/-/-/baurusuchusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/W/N/-/-/araripesuchusGL.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/f/V/-/-/aegisuchus.pnghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/V/A/-/-/NTbernissartia.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/e/N/-/-/baurusuchusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/W/N/-/-/araripesuchusGL.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/f/V/-/-/aegisuchus.pnghttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Champsosaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/bernissartia.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Baurusuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Araripesuchus.htm


5/11

4

Chimaerasuchus The first vegetarian crocodile ever to be discovered. Culebrasuchus This crocodile sheds light on the geography of the Americas. Dakosaurus This fierce marine crocodile had a dinosaur-like head.

Deinosuchus One of the biggest crocodiles of the Cretaceous period.

Desmatosuchus A crocodile-like archosaur with a fish-like head.
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/chimaerasuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Culebrasuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/Dakosaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/deinosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/herbivorousdinosaurs/p/desmatosuchus.htmhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/W/A/-/-/WCdeinosuchus.pnghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/E/O/-/-/dakosaurusDB.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/P/N/-/-/champsosaurusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/W/A/-/-/WCdeinosuchus.pnghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/E/O/-/-/dakosaurusDB.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/P/N/-/-/champsosaurusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/W/A/-/-/WCdeinosuchus.pnghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/E/O/-/-/dakosaurusDB.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/P/N/-/-/champsosaurusNT.jpghttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/herbivorousdinosaurs/p/desmatosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/deinosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/Dakosaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Culebrasuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/chimaerasuchus.htm


6/11

5

Diplocynodon A prehistoric alligator of western Europe. Doswellia This may (or may not) have been one of the earliest crocodiles.

Erpetosuchus This tiny reptile may have been the ancestor of all crocodiles.

Geosaurus This aquatic reptile may have spent its entire life in the sea.

Goniopholis A widespread crocodile of the late Jurassic period. Gracilisuchus One of the most dinosaur-like of all the Triassic crocodiles.
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Diplocynodon.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/doswellia.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/erpetosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/geosaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Goniopholis.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/gracilisuchus.htmhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/u/1/-/-/geosaurus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/Y/A/-/-/WCerpetosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/m/3/-/-/doswellia.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/X/A/-/-/WCdesmatosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/u/1/-/-/geosaurus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/Y/A/-/-/WCerpetosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/m/3/-/-/doswellia.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/X/A/-/-/WCdesmatosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/u/1/-/-/geosaurus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/Y/A/-/-/WCerpetosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/m/3/-/-/doswellia.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/X/A/-/-/WCdesmatosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/u/1/-/-/geosaurus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/Y/A/-/-/WCerpetosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/m/3/-/-/doswellia.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/X/A/-/-/WCdesmatosuchus.jpghttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/gracilisuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Goniopholis.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/geosaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/erpetosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/doswellia.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Diplocynodon.htm


7/11

6

Kaprosuchus This "BoarCroc" had some very big teeth.

Metriorhynchus One of the most common crocodiles of the Jurassic period.

Mystriosuchus This Triassic archosaur looked a lot like a modern gharial.

Notosuchus Did this ancient crocodile have a pig-like snout? Pakasuchus This tiny crocodile had distinctly mammalian teeth.
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Kaprosuchus-Boarcroc.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/metriorhynchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/mystriosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Notosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Pakasuchus.htmhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/q/3/-/-/mystriosuchus.gifhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/Z/A/-/-/NTmetriorhynchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/i/N/-/-/kaprosuchusWC.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/o/3/-/-/gracilisuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/q/3/-/-/mystriosuchus.gifhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/Z/A/-/-/NTmetriorhynchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/i/N/-/-/kaprosuchusWC.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/o/3/-/-/gracilisuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/q/3/-/-/mystriosuchus.gifhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/Z/A/-/-/NTmetriorhynchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/i/N/-/-/kaprosuchusWC.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/o/3/-/-/gracilisuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/q/3/-/-/mystriosuchus.gifhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/Z/A/-/-/NTmetriorhynchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/i/N/-/-/kaprosuchusWC.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/o/3/-/-/gracilisuchus.jpghttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Pakasuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Notosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/mystriosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/metriorhynchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Kaprosuchus-Boarcroc.htm


8/11

7

Pristichampsus A hooved crocodile of the Eocene epoch.

Protosuchus This land crocodile competed for prey with early dinosaurs.

Purussaurus A giant caiman of the Miocene epoch. Quinkana A terrestrial crocodile from Down Under.
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Pristichampsus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/protosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Purussaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Quinkana.htmhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/r/3/-/-/protosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/S/N/-/-/pristichampsusGVM.JPGhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/e/M/-/-/pakasuchusOH.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/r/3/-/-/protosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/S/N/-/-/pristichampsusGVM.JPGhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/e/M/-/-/pakasuchusOH.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/r/3/-/-/protosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/S/N/-/-/pristichampsusGVM.JPGhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/e/M/-/-/pakasuchusOH.jpghttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Quinkana.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Purussaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/protosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Pristichampsus.htm


9/11

8

Rhamphosuchus Once thought to be the biggest crocodile that ever lived. Rutiodon This crocodilian's nostrils were located on top of its head.

Saltoposuchus This "leaping crocodile" spent most of its time on two legs.

Sarcosuchus A Cretaceous "SuperCroc" that put modern crocodiles to shame.
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Rhamphosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/rutiodon.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Saltoposuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/sarcosuch.htmhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/a/A/-/-/WCsarcosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/1/O/-/-/saltoposuchusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/_/A/-/-/WCrutiodon.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/M/T/-/-/quinkana.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/a/A/-/-/WCsarcosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/1/O/-/-/saltoposuchusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/_/A/-/-/WCrutiodon.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/M/T/-/-/quinkana.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/a/A/-/-/WCsarcosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/1/O/-/-/saltoposuchusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/_/A/-/-/WCrutiodon.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/M/T/-/-/quinkana.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/a/A/-/-/WCsarcosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/1/O/-/-/saltoposuchusNT.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/_/A/-/-/WCrutiodon.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/M/T/-/-/quinkana.jpghttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/sarcosuch.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Saltoposuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/rutiodon.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Rhamphosuchus.htm


10/11

9

Simosuchus This ancient crocodile had an unusually short skull.

Stagonolepis This crocodile-like archosaur was actually a vegetarian.

Steneosaurus An ocean-going crocodile of the Mesozoic Era.

Stomatosuchus This giant crocodile fed on tiny plankton, like a baleen whale.

Terrestrisuchus Otherwise known as "the greyhound of the Triassic."
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/simosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/herbivorousdinosaurs/p/stagonolepis.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/Steneosaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/stomatosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Terrestrisuchus.htmhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/u/3/-/-/stomatosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/8/S/-/-/steneosaurusWC.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/d/1/-/-/stagonolepis.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/t/3/-/-/simosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/u/3/-/-/stomatosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/8/S/-/-/steneosaurusWC.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/d/1/-/-/stagonolepis.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/t/3/-/-/simosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/u/3/-/-/stomatosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/8/S/-/-/steneosaurusWC.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/d/1/-/-/stagonolepis.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/t/3/-/-/simosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/u/3/-/-/stomatosuchus.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/8/S/-/-/steneosaurusWC.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/d/1/-/-/stagonolepis.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/t/3/-/-/simosuchus.jpghttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Terrestrisuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/stomatosuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/Steneosaurus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/herbivorousdinosaurs/p/stagonolepis.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/simosuchus.htm


11/11

10

Tyrannoneustes This "tyrant swimmer" cut a very crocodilian profile. Xilousuchus One of the earliest archosaurs in the fossil record.
http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/Tyrannoneustes.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Xilousuchus.htmhttp://0.tqn.com/d/dinosaurs/1/0/0/O/-/-/terrestrisuchusNT.jpghttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/predinosaurreptiles/p/Xilousuchus.htmhttp://dinosaurs.about.com/od/aquaticdinosaurs/p/Tyrannoneustes.htm

Sejarah Evolusi Buaya

Documents

Transcript of Sejarah Evolusi Buaya