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Sub topicsSub topics

• Life cycle• Morphology of the egg and adult• Species

 – soil transmitted helminth•  Ascaris lumbricoides• Trichuris trichiura• !oo" #o$m

 – non soil transmitted helminth

• Enterobius vermicularis

• Techniques of stool examination

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 Ascaris lumbricoides Ascaris lumbricoides

LIFE CYCLE

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MOR%!OLO&Y O' T!( A0ULTMOR%!OLO&Y O' T!( A0ULT

• La$3e intestinal #o$m*,emale 56789 cm:male ; 86cm4

• 'emale as t-ic" as alead pencil* malemo$e slende$* anddistin3uis- b+ anincu$)ed tail4

• Colou$ c$eam+ #-ite – pin"is-* cuticle -as,ine ci$cula$ st$iation4

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Trichuris trichiuraTrichuris trichiura

LIFE CYCLE

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MOR%!OLO&Y O' (&& AN0MOR%!OLO&Y O' (&& AN0 A0ULT A0ULT

• (33

•  Adult

• (33 – Ba$$el s-ape .9679< =m/

#it- $e,$actile p$ominences

•  Adult

 – 879 cm lon3 – 819 o, t-e bod+ consist o,

$educed oesop-a3us t-inand almost colou$less

 – 519 poste$io$ pa$t is pin"is-

3$a+* contain intestine and$ep$oducti)e o$3ans/

 – Se> dete$mination b+ anincu$)ed tail o, male

male female

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Hoo !ormHoo !orm

LIFE CYCLE

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MOR%!OLO&Y O'MOR%!OLO&Y O'Necator americanusNecator americanus

• (33 – O)al* one la+e$ and

t$anspa$ent s-ell – Unse3mented o$ ea$l+

clea)a3e sta3e emb$+o 

la$)a seen #it-in t-e e33s-ell immediatel+

•  Adult – Male 97? mm and ,emale @

cm lon3 – Colou$ 3$a+is- #-ite o$

pin"is- –  Ante$io$ end s-a$pl+ bent*

de,inite -oo"s-ape .a pai$ o,cuttin3 plate/

 – %oste$io$ end o, malecopulato$+ bu$sa

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MOR%!OLO&Y O'MOR%!OLO&Y O' Ancylostoma duodenale Ancylostoma duodenale

• (33 – Cannot distin3uis-

bet#een t#o species

•  Adult – 0istin3uis-ed #it- N.

americanus b+ t-ee>istenc+ o, t#o pai$s o,teet- in buccal capsule4

 – Si2e sli3-tl+ bi33e$ t-an N.

americanus

 – Colou$ $esemble t-ose o,N. americanus

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Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularis

LIFE CYCLE

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MOR%!OLO&Y O'MOR%!OLO&Y O'Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularis

Egg

• O)al* plano7con)e>

• Si2e 9676>56785 =m

• T$anslucent s-ell o,mode$ate t-ic"ness

• 'ull+ emb$+onated

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MOR%!OLO&Y O'MOR%!OLO&Y O'Enterobius vermicularisEnterobius vermicularis

"dult• Colou$ li3-t +ello#is- #-ite4

• Se> dete$mination lon3*

t-in* s-a$pl+ pointed tail ./*#-ile in ./* ,o$m a ci$cle o,tail #it- speculum4

• Si2e D7@8>6*< mm ./ and

579 mm ./4• (>istenc+ o, cervical alae

• Bulbus es-opa3us is clea$l+seen4