Pengantar metabolisme
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Transcript of Pengantar metabolisme
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Metabolisme
Susila Sastri
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Metabolisme
• Definisi: rangkaian reaksi-reaksi kimia dalam sel yang terjadi secara continue dan saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lain– Anabolisme – Katabolisme– Ampibolic
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Overview Metabolisme
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Metabolisme
• Bahan bakar tubuh : carbohydrates, fats, dan proteins
( makromolekul)
• Energi : oxidasi :CO2 and H2O.
• Cadangan dalam tubuh : triacylglycerol (fat), glycogen (carbohydrate)
• Penurunan atau penambahan BB normal: Energi dipakai – Energi tersedia
• insulin dan glucagon; regulator pemakaian dan penyimpanan bahan cadangan
• Karbohidrat utama dalam darah : glukosa : regulator insulin dan glukagon dalam darah
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Puasa
• Puasa : hypoglisemia , memicu pamkreas agar glukagon disekresi
• Glucagon: cadangan carbohydrat membebaskan glucose ke sirkulasi ( brain)
• Puasa lebih 3 : ketone bodies (derived from fat) as an alternative fuel supply for the brain.
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Anabolisme• Biosintesis senyawa biomolekul (glikogen,
protein, trigliserida)• Butuh Energi (endergonic). • ATP: ADP + Pi (ATP-ADP cycle)• Misal
– Glikogenesis– Glukoneogenesis– Biosintesa asam lemak– Biosintesa protein
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Katabolisme
• Pemecahan molekul besar : molekul kecil (glukosa, asetil KoA, Asam amino) CO2 dan Energi (ATP)
– CO2 : sirkulasi– ATP : dibebaskan setelah elektron
ditransfer ke O2
• Mis: – Glikolisis– Glikogenolisis– Oksidasi asam lemak
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Amphibolic
• Anabolisme dan Katabolisme: terjadi dalam satu proses metabolism
• Siklus Kreb– Biosintesis heme, glukosa, asam lemak– Katabolisme: sitrat, ketoglutarat
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Energi
• Oxidation of fuels to generate ATP is called respiration • Electrons lost from the fuels during oxidative reactions :
transferred to O2 by a series of proteins in the electron transport chain
• Energy of electron transfer : used to convert ADP and Pi to ATP by a process known as oxidative phosphorylation
• Satuan Energi :– Calori– kilocalorie – kilojoules (kJ)
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The ATP-ADP cycle
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Generation of ATP
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approximate order in which the processes occur. TG = triacylglycerols; FA = fatty acid; AA = amino acid; RBC = red blood cell; VLDL = very low density lipoprotein; I= insulin; % = stimulated by.
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Metabolisme KH, Fat AA
TAG = triacylglycerol
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Overview Metabolisme KH
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Overview of fatty acid metabolism
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Overview of amino acid metabolism
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Transport and fate of major carbohydrate and amino acid substrates and metabolites
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Transport and fate of major lipid substrates and metabolites
FFA, free fatty acids; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; MG, monoacylglycerol; TG, triacylglycerol; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.
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Intracellular location and overview of major metabolic pathways