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Patricia Gonardy

Pemicu 5 GIT

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LO

Anatomi, fsiologi, histologi colon danrektum anus

Bloody stool (defnisi,etiologi dll)

IB

IB!

"olon, rektal, anus disease(#oli#,colitis,di$ertikulitis,#rola#sanal, #erianal a%ses, hemorroid, analfsura)

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LO 5

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!i$erticulitis

!i$erticulitis occurs &hen small, %ulgingsacs or #ouches that 'orm on the inner&all o' the intestine (di$erticula)

%ecome inamed or in'ected *ost o'ten, these #ouches

are in the large intestine (colon)

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+tiology

The 'ormation o' #ouches or sacs on the intestinal liningis called di$erticulosis It is 'ound in more than hal' o'Americans o$er age - .o&e$er, no one kno&s e/actly&hat causes the #ouches to 'orm

+ating a lo&0f%er diet mostly made u# o' #rocessed'oods may %e a cause 1onsti#ation and hard stools aremore likely &hen you do not eat enough f%er trainingto #ass stools increases the #ressure in the colon orintestines, &hich may lead to the 'ormation o' these

#ouches !i$erticulitis is caused %y small #ieces o' stool ('eces)

that %ecome tra##ed in these #ouches, causingin'ection or inammation

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Symptoms

Peo#le &ith di$erticulosis o'ten ha$e no sym#toms, %ut theymay ha$e %loating and cram#ing in the lo&er #art o' the %elly2arely, they may notice %lood in their stool or on toilet #a#er

ym#toms o' di$erticulitis are more se$ere and o'ten startsuddenly, %ut they may %ecome &orse o$er a 'e& days Theyinclude3

Tenderness, usually in the le't lo&er side o' the a%domen

Bloating or gas

4e$er and chills

ausea and $omiting ot 'eeling hungry and not eating

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Exams and Tests

6our health care #ro$ider &ille/amine you 6ou may need %loodtests to see i' you ha$e an in'ection

Other tests that hel# diagnosedi$erticulitis may include3

1T scan

7ltrasound o' the a%domen

80rays o' the a%domen

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Treatment

The treatment o' di$erticulitis de#ends on ho& serious sym#tom areome #eo#le may need to %e in the hos#ital, %ut most o' the time the#ro%lem can %e treated at home

To hel# &ith the #ain, your doctor may suggest that you3

2est in %ed and use a heating #ad on your %elly

Take #ain medicines (ask your doctor &hich ones you should use) !rink only uids 'or a day or t&o, and then slo&ly %egin drinking thicker

li9uids and then eating 'oods

The doctor may treat you &ith anti%iotics

A'ter you are %etter, your doctor &ill suggest that you add more f%er toyour diet +ating more f%er can hel# #re$ent 'uture attacks I' you ha$e

%loating or gas, reduce the amount o' f%er you eat 'or a 'e& days

Once these #ouches ha$e 'ormed, you &ill ha$e them 'or li'e!i$erticulitis can return, %ut some health care #ro$iders think a high0f%er diet may lessen your chances o' a recurrence

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Prognosis

*ost o'ten, this is a mild conditionthat res#onds &ell to treatmentome #eo#le &ill ha$e more than

one attack o' di$erticulitis urgerymay %e needed in some cases *anytimes, doctors &ill recommend that

you ha$e a colonosco#y a'terdi$erticulitis has healed

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Complications

*ore serious #ro%lems that mayde$elo# are3

A%normal connections that 'orm

%et&een #arts o' the colon or%et&een the colon and another #arto' the %ody (fstula)

.ole or tear in the colon (#er'oration) arro&ed area in the colon (stricture)

Pocket flled &ith #us or in'ection

(a%scess)

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ym#toms

2ectal Bleeding

Bright red %lood in stool

Pain during %o&el mo$ements Anal Itching

2ectal Prola#se

Throm%us

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igns and Tests

2ectal +/amination :isual

!igital

Tests tool Guaiac (4OBT)

igmoidosco#y

Anaosco#y Proctosco#y

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Treatments

4or #ain'ul or #ersistant hemorrhoids3Tying o; a hemorrhoid

clerothera#y

In'ered Light

Laser Thera#y

4ree

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2u%%er %and ligation ta#led .emorrhoidectomy

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1om#lications

The %lood in the enlarged $eins may'orm clots and the tissue surroundingthe hemorrhoids can die (ecrosis)

This causes #ain'ul lum#s in the analarea

e$ere %leeding can occur causing

iron defciency anemia

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Pre$ention

+at high f%er diet

!rink Plenty o' Li9uids

4i%er u##lements +/ercise

A$oid long #eriods o' standing or

sitting !on=t train

Go as soon as you 'eel the urge