KARYA TULIS AKHIR

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUNGA TURI MERAH (Sesbania grandiflora

L.Pers) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI

TIKUSPUTIH JANTAN (Rattus novergicus strain wistar)

HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

OLEH :

MILLA WILDANIA HAKIM

201210330311139

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2016

i

HASIL PENELITIAN

PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUNGA TURI MERAH (Sesbania grandiflora (L)

Pers) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI TIKUS PUTIH

JANTAN (Rattus novergicus strain wistar) HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

untuk memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan

dalam menyelesaikan Progam Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran

Oleh:

Milla Wildania Hakim

201210330311139

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

ix

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ..................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ................................................................................ iii

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK............................................................................................... ...... vii

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN .............................................................................. xv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................... 3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ............................................................... 3

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .............................................................. 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................... 3

1.4.1Manfaat Akademik......................................................... 3

1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis .............................................................. 4

1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat ............................................. 4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... 5

2.1 Bunga Turi ................................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Taksonomi..................................................................... 5

x

2.1.2 Morfologi ...................................................................... 6

2.1.3 Kandungan Turi ............................................................ 6

2.2 Flavonoid ..................................................................................... 6

2.2.1 Flavonoid sebagai Terapi Anti Hiperlipidemia ............. 7

2.2.2 Hubungan Flavonoid dengan Perlemakan hati ............. 8

2.2.3Toksisitas Flavonoid ...................................................... 8

2.3 Hepar ............................................................................................ 9

2.3.1 Anatomi Hepar .............................................................. 9

2.3.2 Vaskularisasi Hepar ...................................................... 11

2.3.3 Fisiologi Hepar.............................................................. 11

2.3.4 Histologi Hepar ............................................................. 15

2.3.5 Metabolisme Lemak Hepar ........................................... 17

2.4 Hiperkolesterolemia ..................................................................... 17

2.4.1 Definisi .......................................................................... 17

2.4.2 Mekanisme Hiperkolesterolemia .................................. 18

2.5 Perlemakan hati ............................................................................ 19

2.5.1 Definisi .......................................................................... 18

2.5.2 Patogenesis Perlemakan hati ......................................... 19

2.5.3 Perubahan Histopatologi Hepar .................................... 21

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN ... 25

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual ................................................................... 25

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................................... 26

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 27

4.1 Jenis Penelitian............................................................................. 27

xi

4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu penelitian ....................................................... 27

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................... 27

4.3.1 Populasi ......................................................................... 27

4.3.2 Sampel........................................................................... 27

4.3.3 Besar Sampel ................................................................ 27

4.3.4 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ........................................ 28

4.3.5 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian .................................... 28

4.3.5.1 Kriteria Inklusi .................................................. 28

4.3.5.2 Kriteria Ekslusi ................................................. 29

4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ........................................................ 29

4.3.6.1 Variabel bebas ................................................... 29

4.3.6.2 Variabel tergantung ........................................... 29

4.3.7 Definisi Operasional ..................................................... 29

4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................ 30

4.4.1 Alat ................................................................................ 30

4.4.1.1 Alat Pemeliharaan Tikus ................................... 30

4.4.1.2 Alat Pembedahan tikus ..................................... 30

4.4.1.3 Alat lain ............................................................. 31

4.4.2 Bahan ............................................................................ 31

4.4.2.1 Bahan Kimia Pembuatan Ekstrak Bunga Turi

Merah ............................................................................ 31

4.4.2.2 Bahan Untuk Pembiusan Tikus ......................... 31

4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................... 31

4.5.1 Pembagian Kelompok Tikus ......................................... 31

xii

4.5.2 Adaptasi ........................................................................ 32

4.5.3 Pemberian Diet Tinggi Lemak ...................................... 32

4.5.4 Pembuatan Ekstrak Bunga Turi Merah ......................... 32

4.5.4.1 Dasar Penentuan Dosis Bunga Turi Merah ....... 33

4.5.5 Pemberian Ekstrak Bunga Turi Merah ......................... 33

4.5.6 Proses Anastesi Dan Pembedahan Hewan Coba .......... 34

4.5.6.1 Proses Anastesi ................................................. 34

4.5.6.2Proses Pembedahan ............................................ 34

4.5.7 Pembuatan Sediaan Histopatologi Hepar...................... 35

4.6 Alur Penelitian ............................................................................. 37

4.7 Analisa Data ................................................................................. 38

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA .............................. 39

5.1 Gambaran histopatologi hati tikus hiperkolesterolemia ................ 39

5.1.1 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................. 40

5.2 Analisis Data ................................................................................. 40

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................ 43

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................... 48

7.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................... 48

7.2 Saran ....................................................................................... 48

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... 49

LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... 57

xiii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Komposisi Zat Non Gizi bunga turi merah .................................... 7

Tabel 4.1 Konversi Dosis Antar Spesies........................................................ 28

Tabel 5.1 Infiltrasi sel radang pada hati ......................................................... 37

Tabel 5.2 Hasil Uji Anova............................................................ ................. 37

Tabel 5.3 Hasil Uji lanjut Honesty significant Differences 5% Infiltrasi

sel radang..................................................................................................... 38

xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Bunga Turi Merah ...................................................................... 5

Gambar 2.2 Segmen Fungsional Hati ............................................................ 10

Gambar 2.3 Anatomi Lobulus Hati ................................................................ 10

Gambar 2.4 Histologi Lobulus Hepatikus ..................................................... 17

Gambar 2.5 Histologi Hepar .......................................................................... 17

Gambar 2.6 Radang fokal .............................................................................. 22

Gambar 2.7 Fibrosis hati ................................................................................ 22

Gambar 2.8 Nekrosis periportal ..................................................................... 24

Gambar 5.1. Gambaran Histopatologi Hati Tikus (pengecatan HE,

perbesaran 400x) pada berbagai kelompok. ................................................... 37

Gambar 5.2 Grafik regresi linear infiltrasi sel radang ............................................ 39

xv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

COX2 : Cyclooxygenase-2

FFA : Free Fatty Acid

HE : Hematoxilin & Eosin

HMG Co-A : 3-hidroksi 3-metilglutaril koenzim A reduktase

IDL : Intermediate Denstity Lipoprotein

LDL : Low Density lipoprotein

LD50 : Lethal Dose, 50%

LPL : Lipoprotein Lipase

MTP : Microsomal Trigliseride Transfer Protein

ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species

SOD : Superoksid Dismutase

TG : Trigliserida

TNF-α : Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

PGE2 : Prostaglandin E2

VLDL : Very Low Denstity Lipoprotein

49

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