KARYA TULIS AKHIR
PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUNGA TURI MERAH (Sesbania grandiflora
L.Pers) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI
TIKUSPUTIH JANTAN (Rattus novergicus strain wistar)
HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
OLEH :
MILLA WILDANIA HAKIM
201210330311139
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
2016
i
HASIL PENELITIAN
PENGARUH EKSTRAK BUNGA TURI MERAH (Sesbania grandiflora (L)
Pers) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI TIKUS PUTIH
JANTAN (Rattus novergicus strain wistar) HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
KARYA TULIS AKHIR
Diajukan kepada
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
untuk memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan
dalam menyelesaikan Progam Sarjana
Fakultas Kedokteran
Oleh:
Milla Wildania Hakim
201210330311139
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2016
ix
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ..................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ................................................................................ iii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK............................................................................................... ...... vii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR SINGKATAN .............................................................................. xv
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 2
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................... 3
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ............................................................... 3
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .............................................................. 3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................... 3
1.4.1Manfaat Akademik......................................................... 3
1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis .............................................................. 4
1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat ............................................. 4
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... 5
2.1 Bunga Turi ................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Taksonomi..................................................................... 5
x
2.1.2 Morfologi ...................................................................... 6
2.1.3 Kandungan Turi ............................................................ 6
2.2 Flavonoid ..................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Flavonoid sebagai Terapi Anti Hiperlipidemia ............. 7
2.2.2 Hubungan Flavonoid dengan Perlemakan hati ............. 8
2.2.3Toksisitas Flavonoid ...................................................... 8
2.3 Hepar ............................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 Anatomi Hepar .............................................................. 9
2.3.2 Vaskularisasi Hepar ...................................................... 11
2.3.3 Fisiologi Hepar.............................................................. 11
2.3.4 Histologi Hepar ............................................................. 15
2.3.5 Metabolisme Lemak Hepar ........................................... 17
2.4 Hiperkolesterolemia ..................................................................... 17
2.4.1 Definisi .......................................................................... 17
2.4.2 Mekanisme Hiperkolesterolemia .................................. 18
2.5 Perlemakan hati ............................................................................ 19
2.5.1 Definisi .......................................................................... 18
2.5.2 Patogenesis Perlemakan hati ......................................... 19
2.5.3 Perubahan Histopatologi Hepar .................................... 21
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN ... 25
3.1 Kerangka Konseptual ................................................................... 25
3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................................... 26
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................. 27
4.1 Jenis Penelitian............................................................................. 27
xi
4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu penelitian ....................................................... 27
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................... 27
4.3.1 Populasi ......................................................................... 27
4.3.2 Sampel........................................................................... 27
4.3.3 Besar Sampel ................................................................ 27
4.3.4 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ........................................ 28
4.3.5 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian .................................... 28
4.3.5.1 Kriteria Inklusi .................................................. 28
4.3.5.2 Kriteria Ekslusi ................................................. 29
4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ........................................................ 29
4.3.6.1 Variabel bebas ................................................... 29
4.3.6.2 Variabel tergantung ........................................... 29
4.3.7 Definisi Operasional ..................................................... 29
4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................ 30
4.4.1 Alat ................................................................................ 30
4.4.1.1 Alat Pemeliharaan Tikus ................................... 30
4.4.1.2 Alat Pembedahan tikus ..................................... 30
4.4.1.3 Alat lain ............................................................. 31
4.4.2 Bahan ............................................................................ 31
4.4.2.1 Bahan Kimia Pembuatan Ekstrak Bunga Turi
Merah ............................................................................ 31
4.4.2.2 Bahan Untuk Pembiusan Tikus ......................... 31
4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................... 31
4.5.1 Pembagian Kelompok Tikus ......................................... 31
xii
4.5.2 Adaptasi ........................................................................ 32
4.5.3 Pemberian Diet Tinggi Lemak ...................................... 32
4.5.4 Pembuatan Ekstrak Bunga Turi Merah ......................... 32
4.5.4.1 Dasar Penentuan Dosis Bunga Turi Merah ....... 33
4.5.5 Pemberian Ekstrak Bunga Turi Merah ......................... 33
4.5.6 Proses Anastesi Dan Pembedahan Hewan Coba .......... 34
4.5.6.1 Proses Anastesi ................................................. 34
4.5.6.2Proses Pembedahan ............................................ 34
4.5.7 Pembuatan Sediaan Histopatologi Hepar...................... 35
4.6 Alur Penelitian ............................................................................. 37
4.7 Analisa Data ................................................................................. 38
BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA .............................. 39
5.1 Gambaran histopatologi hati tikus hiperkolesterolemia ................ 39
5.1.1 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................. 40
5.2 Analisis Data ................................................................................. 40
BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................ 43
BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................... 48
7.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................... 48
7.2 Saran ....................................................................................... 48
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................... 49
LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... 57
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Komposisi Zat Non Gizi bunga turi merah .................................... 7
Tabel 4.1 Konversi Dosis Antar Spesies........................................................ 28
Tabel 5.1 Infiltrasi sel radang pada hati ......................................................... 37
Tabel 5.2 Hasil Uji Anova............................................................ ................. 37
Tabel 5.3 Hasil Uji lanjut Honesty significant Differences 5% Infiltrasi
sel radang..................................................................................................... 38
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Bunga Turi Merah ...................................................................... 5
Gambar 2.2 Segmen Fungsional Hati ............................................................ 10
Gambar 2.3 Anatomi Lobulus Hati ................................................................ 10
Gambar 2.4 Histologi Lobulus Hepatikus ..................................................... 17
Gambar 2.5 Histologi Hepar .......................................................................... 17
Gambar 2.6 Radang fokal .............................................................................. 22
Gambar 2.7 Fibrosis hati ................................................................................ 22
Gambar 2.8 Nekrosis periportal ..................................................................... 24
Gambar 5.1. Gambaran Histopatologi Hati Tikus (pengecatan HE,
perbesaran 400x) pada berbagai kelompok. ................................................... 37
Gambar 5.2 Grafik regresi linear infiltrasi sel radang ............................................ 39
xv
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
COX2 : Cyclooxygenase-2
FFA : Free Fatty Acid
HE : Hematoxilin & Eosin
HMG Co-A : 3-hidroksi 3-metilglutaril koenzim A reduktase
IDL : Intermediate Denstity Lipoprotein
LDL : Low Density lipoprotein
LD50 : Lethal Dose, 50%
LPL : Lipoprotein Lipase
MTP : Microsomal Trigliseride Transfer Protein
ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species
SOD : Superoksid Dismutase
TG : Trigliserida
TNF-α : Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
PGE2 : Prostaglandin E2
VLDL : Very Low Denstity Lipoprotein
49
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