muSaobis gegmamuSaobis gegmamuSaobis gegmaredaqtori: giorgi gogolaSvili giorgi gogolaSvili ©arn....

samecniero dialeqtologiuri sesia gaixsneba 2009 wlis

27 noembers, a. wereTlis quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetSi

(Tamar mefis #59).

plenaruli sxdoma _ 1100 saaTze

seqciuri sxdomebis dasawKisi _ 1400 saaTze

r e g l a m e n t i

momxsenebels _ 10 wuTi

msJelobaSi monawiles _ 5 wuTi

msJeloba gaimarTeba moxsenebaTa mosmenis Semdeg

redaqtori: giorgi gogolaSviligiorgi gogolaSviligiorgi gogolaSviligiorgi gogolaSvili

©arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti

3

muS aob i s g e g m amuS aob i s g e g m amuS aob i s g e g m amuS aob i s g e g m a

plenaruli sxdoma plenaruli sxdoma plenaruli sxdoma plenaruli sxdoma 27272727 no no no noemememembbbbeeeerrrrssss, 11111111 sa sa sa saaaaaTTTTzezezeze

(mwvane darbazSi)

TavmJdomare gggg. . . . gogolaSviligogolaSviligogolaSviligogolaSvili

mimimimisalsalsalsalmemememebbbbaaaanininini:::: g . o n i a n i _ a. wereTlis quTaisis saxel-

mwifo universitetis reqtori

l. e z u g b a i a _ _ _ _ arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis

institutis direqtori

moxsenebebs waikiTxaven: aaaa. . . . arabuliarabuliarabuliarabuli _ intensivobis mravlobiTi qarTuli enis

dialeqtebSi TTTT. . . . uTurgaiZeuTurgaiZeuTurgaiZeuTurgaiZe _ qarTuli dialeqtebis daJgufeba S2-isa O3-is

morfonologiur cvlilebaTa mixedviT vvvv. . . . SengeliaSengeliaSengeliaSengelia _ nacvalsaxelTa konteqsturi formebi megrulSi aaaa. . . . yinyarauliyinyarauliyinyarauliyinyarauli _ `vefxistKaosnis~ enis mimarTebisaTvis herul

dialeqtTan (ganmeorebuli zmniswinebi poemaSi) mmmm. . . . qurdianiqurdianiqurdianiqurdiani _ svanuri enis dialeqtTa sakvalifikacio niSanTa

sistemis sakmarisobis problema da Coluruli, rogorc svanuri enis mexuTe dialeqti

mmmm. . . . qacaravaqacaravaqacaravaqacarava _ imeruli dialeqtis Seswavlis istoriidan mmmm. . . . faGavafaGavafaGavafaGava, , , , nnnn. . . . surmavasurmavasurmavasurmava, , , , mmmm. . . . cincaZecincaZecincaZecincaZe _ eqspedicia SavSeTSi

4

I seqI seqI seqI seqciaciaciacia.... 27 27 27 27 noembersnoembersnoembersnoembers, , , , 1111444400000000 sa sa sa saaaaaTTTTzezezeze (mwvane darbazi)

TavmJdomareebi: aaaa. . . . arabuliarabuliarabuliarabuli, , , , mmmm. . . . miqaZemiqaZemiqaZemiqaZe

1. g. g o g o l a S v i l i , Temis niSanTa monacvleobisaTvis

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi 2. T. v a S a k i Z e , msgavseba-Tanabrobis gamoxatvisaTvis Ta-

namedrove qarTulSi (qarTuli enis dialeqtebTan mimar-TebiT)

3. r. s a G i n a Z e , fonetikurad Sepirobebuli formobriv-semantikuri variantebi qarTulSi

4. n. o T i n a S v i l i , saamilaxoros davTris teqstis mo-rfologiuri Taviseburebani

5. m. m a n J g a l a Z e, T. u T u r g a i Z e, imeruli dialeqti kaxur garemoSi

6. r. r a m i S v i l i , sparsul-qarTuli enobrivi urTier-Tobebi iranis islamur respublikaSi mcxovrebi qarTve-lebis (fereidnelebis) metKvelebis magaliTze

7. i. r u s a Z e , lado bzvanelis mier mopovebuli imeruli leqsikisTvis

8. T. l o m T a Z e , nasesxeb socioleqtizmTa adaptaciisa-Tvis Tanamedrove qarTulSi

9. m. m i q a u t a Z e , xanmetobis kvalisaTvis qarTvelur ki-loebSi

10. n. f x a k a Z e , semantikuri dialeqtizmi 11. S. f u t k a r a Z e , TandebulTan dakavSirebuli Tavise-

burebani imerxeulSi 12. n. f a n t e n a Z e , moda Se- zmniswinTa variantebi Cvene-

burebis metKvelebaSi 13. e. a b u l a Z e , arsebiT saxelTa brunebis Taviseburebani

oTar CxeiZis prozaSi 14. m. m i q a Z e , SeTanxmebis sakiTxisaTvis zog dasavlur dia-

leqtSi (imerulis, rayulisa da gurulis magaliTze)

5

IIIIIIII seq seq seq seqciaciaciacia.... 27 27 27 27 nonononoemememembersbersbersbers, , , , 1111444400000000 sa sa sa saaaaaTTTTzezezeze (auditoria #29) TavmJdomareebi: vvvv. . . . SeSeSeSengengengengelialialialia, , , , mmmm. . . . qaqaqaqacacacacararararavavavava

1. g. b e d o S v i l i , qarTuli leqsikidan (alqaJi, elfe-

ri, negrula, mZafri) 2. l. T a n d i l a v a , Turquli elementebi jorj dumezi-

lis arTaSenul-lazur teqstebSi 3. m. q a m a d a Z e , sufiqsebiT nawarmoebi oikonimebi ayara-

Si 4. n. n o G i a d e l i , ori kolxuri GvTaebis saxelis kvali

ayarulSi (nerCi, odoSi). 5. m. s a G l i a n i , la-, an-, ad-, es- zmniswinTa distribu-

ciuli analizi svanurSi 6. m. b u k i a , saxelTa warmoqmnisaTvis lazurSi (j. diume-

zilis lazuri teqstebis mixedviT) 7. c. b e n d e l i a n i , arqauli fonetikuri movlenebi qar-

Tvelur sametKvelo narev kodebSi (cxeniswKlis xeobis masalebis mixedviT)

8. c. n a r a k i Z e , xexilis movla-moSenebasTan dakavSirebu-li leqsikidan lazurSi

9. n. S a v r e S i a n i , ãÉ (ãÀÎ|ãÀ|ãÄÎ|ãÄ) |ÌÉÜ|ÌÉãÍëÌ (ÌÉãÉÍëÌ) |ãÉÍÄÌ|ÌÉÜÄÌ, ÌÉÍ `ÈÅÉÈÏÍ” ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

10. r. S e r o z i a , erTi Jgufis zmnaTa uGlebisaTvis megrulSi

11. n. k a y a r a v a , n. r u x a Z e , Cveneburebis metKvelebaSi zogierTi nasesxebi sitKvis morfologiuri analizisaTvis

12. n. a x v l e d i a n i , erTi leqsikuri erTeulis ganmarte-bisaTvis (`sila~)

13. n. c e c x l a Z e , frazeologiuri sinonimebi samxrulSi da maTi konotaciuri analizi

14. e. f u t k a r a Z e , xatovani sitKva-Tqmani ayarulis dar-gobrivi leqsikidan

SemaJamebeli sxdoma _ 27 noembers, 1800 saaTze

6 7

e k a t e r i n ee k a t e r i n ee k a t e r i n ee k a t e r i n e a b u l a Z ea b u l a Z ea b u l a Z ea b u l a Z e (gori. saxelmwifo universiteti)

arsebiT saxelTa brunebis TaviseburebaniarsebiT saxelTa brunebis TaviseburebaniarsebiT saxelTa brunebis TaviseburebaniarsebiT saxelTa brunebis Taviseburebani oTar CxeiZis prozaSioTar CxeiZis prozaSioTar CxeiZis prozaSioTar CxeiZis prozaSi

1. oTar CxeiZis TxzulebaTa enaSi xmovanfuZiani sazoga-

do Jgufis arsebiTi saxelebi saxelobiTi brunvis niSnad xSi-

rad dairTaven iiii xmovans, romelic Zvel qarTulSi iotad iKo

realizebuli; es viTareba daculia qarTlursa da qarTuli

enis sxva aGmosavlur kiloebSi: dedai, mamai, dai, enai, xmai,

gogonai, saxlobai (=coli), Tmai, mzei, Zei, gogoi, Gvinoi, ur-

doi...

2. saxelobiTi brunvis niSani iiii daerTvis pirTa sakuTar

saxelebsac: linkai, gugai, Teai, merabai, kotei, qristei, tatei,

kekei, elenei, giorgai, ninoi, lentoi, ladoi, nikoi, Jiboi...

3. moTxrobiT brunvaSi dasmuli xmovanfuZiani sakuTari

saxeli mmmm niSanTan erTad damatebiT dairTavs aaaa xmovans: linka-

ma, gugama, ninoma, giorgima, kotema, kekema, elenema, lentoma,

salomema, merabama, tatema, Jiboma, Teama, ladoma...

4. egeve viTareba gvaqvs xmovanfuZian sazogado saxeleb-

Tan moTxrobiT brunvaSi: Tamadama, megobrobama, sarComa, deda-

ma, xmama, zGvama, eklesiama, sadGegrZeloma, mxarema, Zmama,

qveKanama...

5. SeiniSneba emfatikuri aaaa xmovnis garkveuli kanonzomie-

rebiT xmareba:

a) emfatikuri aaaa gvxvdeba winadadebis bolo wevrTan, am

SemTxvevaSi mic. naTes. moqm. da viTar. brunvebSi: rogor eved-

reboda xalxsa; veGarc mokarnaxe moiKvanda gonsa; isedac ho

qali daufleboda Tbilis-qalaqsa; Kvelaferi uxdeba, Kvela

qveKnisa, Kvela modisa; /hqonda/ mxolod didi survili bavSveb-

Tan TamaSisa; gasuliKo scenidan taSiTa, KvavilebiTa; gadahxe-

davda drodadro qorulada, xan iribada, xan Semparavada; iqca

8

Teatrada, adgilada; Semodian da Semodian mwkrivada, saTiTao-

da.

b) emfatikuri aaaa gvxvdeba dadadada kavSiris win mdgom saxel-

Tan:

aCqarebiTve alagebs figurebsa da iwKebs axal xelsa; ic-

leba sisxlisgana da devs sasTauli; vin gardava nebasa GvTisa

da miixuta Jvari gulzeda.

6. aq warmodgenili enobrivi movlenebi SeiZleba SevafasoT

rogorc saliteraturo qarTuli enis normidan erTgvari

gadaxra. amitom igi SeiZleba Sefasdes rogorc qarTluri dia-

leqtis Tavisebureba, rac ase srulad aris asaxuli oTar Cxe-

iZis samwerlo enaSi.

a v T a n d i l a r a b u l ia v T a n d i l a r a b u l ia v T a n d i l a r a b u l ia v T a n d i l a r a b u l i (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

intensivobis mravlobiTi qarTulintensivobis mravlobiTi qarTulintensivobis mravlobiTi qarTulintensivobis mravlobiTi qarTuliiii enis dialeqtebSienis dialeqtebSienis dialeqtebSienis dialeqtebSi

1. qarTuli enis araerT dialeqtSi SeniSnulia narTania-

ni mravlobiTis `yarbi gamovlenis~ SemTxvevebi, anu

iseTi faqtebi, rodesac saxeli mxolobiTis Sinaarsi-

saa, magram mravlobiTis formanti daerTvis; mag.: fSa-

uri-xevsuruli: araK-n-i, wKal-n-i, dov-n-i, abJar-n-i,

tKe-n-i (= xe); kaxuri: Kel-n-i `tirili KelT momebJi-

na~...s

2. saKuradGeboa narTaniani mravlobiTis gamovlena `si-

didis~, `sivrcelis~, `siZlieris~ Sinaarsis Semcvel

leqsikur erTeulebTan: klde-n-i, mindor-n-i, xev-n-i,

tba-n-i, zvav-n-i...

3. SeTanxmebuli narTaniani mravlobiTis SemTxvevebi

gvxvdeba maSinac, rodesac garkveuli intensivobis

9

zedsarTavi saxelebi gamoiKeneba: did-n-i xe-n-i, ramo-

tola-n-i Tav-n-i [xqon]... (SesaZlebelia aseve iKos aq-

centirebuli sapirispiro `simciris~ semantika: pata-

ria-n qua-n-i...).

4. zogi dialeqtis Taviseburi maxasiaTebelia nadirTa

da, gansakuTrebiT, qvewarmavalTa garkveuli saxeobebis

aGniSvna mxolobiTis Sinaarsis mravlobiTiT: vefxv-n-i,

gvel-n-i, baKaK-n-i...

5. gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevaa narTaniani mravlobiTis

gamoKeneba eqspresiul (xmabaZviT, onomatopoetur)

`masdarebSi~: Jax-n-i, tKap-n-i, sxap-n-i, braxv-n-i, tKraS-

n-i...

6. aqve SeuZlebelia ar gagvaxsendes xevsurulis e.w.

orobiTis formebi, romlebic, Cveulebisamebr, SewKvi-

lebul sagnebsa da wKvil organoebs gamoxatavs da

nar(Tan)-iT upirispirdeba `namdvil~ ebian mravlo-

biTs: Zma-n-i, fex-n-i, Kur-n-i, Tval-n-i... (a. SaniZe).

7. vfiqrobT, Kvela am SemTxvevas aerTianebs erTi amosa-

vali kategoria _ i n t e n s i v o b a, romelic sxvadas-

xvagvari `precedentebis~ saxiT aris daleqili dialeq-

tebSi (gansakuTrebiT mTis kiloebSi). rogorc Cans,

SeiZleba amasve daukavSirdes zogi sxva Sinaarsi na-

rTaniani mravlobiTisa (magaliTad, gvartomobisa da

warmomavlobis aGniSvna).

8. ramdenad SeiZleba mravlobiTi ewodos am movlenas?

imdenad, ramdenadac mas Kvela SemTxvevaSi aqvs Senar-

Cunebuli is gramatikuli unari, rac Cveulebrivs na-

rTanian mravlobiTs axasiaTebs: Tans gaiCens irib

brunvebSi (wKal-n-i _ wKal_T), iTanxmebs rogorc

msazGvrels (did-n klde-n-i), ise zmna-Semasmenels (Jax-

n iqn-es).

10

n an an an a r g i zr g i zr g i zr g i z a xa xa xa x v l ev l ev l ev l e d id id id i aaaa n in in in i (baTumi. n. berZeniSvilis instituti)

ererererTi leqTi leqTi leqTi leqsisisisikukukukuri erri erri erri erTeTeTeTeuuuulislislislis ganganganganmarmarmarmartetetetebibibibisasasasaTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis ((((`̀̀̀sisisisilalalala~~~~))))

bevri leqsikuri erTeuli, romelic sulxan-sabas leq-

sikonSia dafiqsirebuli, bunebrivia, dGes aGar gvxvdeba qar-

Tuli enis dialeqtebSi. ase magaliTad, sisisisilalalala ar fiqsirdeba S.

nijaraZis `ayaruli dialeqtis leqsikaSi~ (Tumca ayarul

metKvelebaSi is davadastureT), arc gurul, imerul da le-

Cxumur dialeqtebSi dasturdeba, magram SeiZleba vivaraudoT

misi arseboba rayis geografiul saxelwodebebSi, ase magali-

Tad: silTa tKe, silTigora. sisisisilalalala ar dasturdeba arc svanur

leqsikonSi. lazurSi, c. narakiZis zepiri informaciiT, sisisisilalalala

ar gvxvdeba, mis nacvlad Turquli (Tavis mxriv, berZnulidan

nasesxebi) kukukukumimimimi dasturdeba. am sitKvis arsebobaze megrulSi p.

yaraia miuTiTebs Tavis leqsikonSi da ganmartavs mas, rogorc

`qviqviqviqviSaSaSaSa~. gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobiT am sitKvas `Cveneburebis~

qarTulSic vxvdebiT. leqsikuri erTeuli sisisisilalalala sulxan-sabas-

Tan ganmartebulia rogorc `wvlili qviSa~.

g ug ug ug u r ar ar ar a mmmm b eb eb eb e d o Sd o Sd o Sd o S v iv iv iv i l il il il i (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisikikikikidan dan dan dan ((((alalalalqaqaqaqaJiJiJiJi, , , , elelelelfefefeferiririri, , , , negnegnegnegrurururulalalala, , , , mZafmZafmZafmZafriririri))))

1. alalalalqaqaqaqaJiJiJiJi. struqturuli TvalsazrisiT kompozitia; Se-

dgeba ori damoukidebeli Sinaarsis sitKvisagan (alalalalqiqiqiqi da qaqaqaqa----

JiJiJiJi). amis miuxedavad saliteraturo qarTuli enis orTografi-

11

uli norma erTcnebian formad cnobs da SerwKmuladac iwere-

ba: alalalalqaqaqaqaJiJiJiJi.

2. elelelelfefefeferiririri. agebulebis mixedviT es sitKvac kompozitia,

Sedgenilia ori srulmniSvnelovani sitKvisagan, romelTagan

pirveli wevri (ierierierier----) fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili, meore ki _

saxelob. brunvis niSniTurT (ferferferfer----iiii).

3. negnegnegnegrurururulalalala _ zedsarTavi saxelia. ZiriTadad gvxvdeba

aragvis xeobis qarTlurSi. miemarTeba muqi nacrisferi Sefe-

rilobis qaTams. warmomdgari Cans mTiulur-gudamaKruli legleglegleg----

nananana (< *lelelelegagagaganananana) terminisagan disimilirebuli -uraurauraura sufiqsis da-

rTviT: legnlegnlegnlegn----uraurauraura → neglneglneglnegl----ura ura ura ura → negrnegrnegrnegr----ulaulaulaula.

4. mZafrmZafrmZafrmZafr----iiii aseve zedsarTavia (mZafri grZnoba, suni, gan-

cdebi...). Sedgeniloba-struqturis TvalsazrisiT mZafrmZafrmZafrmZafr-

sitKva ori damoukidebeli (srulmniSvnelovani) sitKvisagan

aris warmomdgani: ZalZalZalZal----aaaa º ZalZalZalZal----iiii da frifrifrifriadadadad----iiii. amosavalia Zal-

friad-i, romelsac prepoziciaSi mmmm----anianianiani darTvia: mmmm----ZalZalZalZal----frifrifrifriadadadad----iiii

→ mZafrmZafrmZafrmZafr----iiii----adadadad → mZafrmZafrmZafrmZafr----iiii. mniSvnelobiT: didididididididi ZaZaZaZalilililisasasasa, , , , dididididi di di di

ZaZaZaZaliTliTliTliT, , , , ZliZliZliZlieeeeradradradrad.

c i a l a b e n d e l i a n ic i a l a b e n d e l i a n ic i a l a b e n d e l i a n ic i a l a b e n d e l i a n i

(Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

arqauliarqauliarqauliarqauli fonetikuri movlenebi qarTvelur fonetikuri movlenebi qarTvelur fonetikuri movlenebi qarTvelur fonetikuri movlenebi qarTvelur sametKvelo narev sametKvelo narev sametKvelo narev sametKvelo narev kodebSikodebSikodebSikodebSi ((((cxeniswKlis xeobis masalebis mixedviTcxeniswKlis xeobis masalebis mixedviTcxeniswKlis xeobis masalebis mixedviTcxeniswKlis xeobis masalebis mixedviT))))

qarTvelur enaTa gavrcelebis arealSi amjamindel narev

sametKvelo kodebSi gvxvdeba enobrivi masala, romelSic, Cveni

azriT, vlindeba qarTveluri arqauli da uZvelesi fonetiku-

ri movlenebi, stratifikaciuli da situaciuri variantulo-

bis mixedviT.

12

movitanT arqauli fonetikuri viTarebis amsaxvel maga-

liTs cxeniswKlis xeobis samegrelospira zolSi gasuli sau-

kunis manZilze migrirebul leCxumelTa metKvelebidan:

a) migrirebul ufrosi asakis leCxumelTa sametKvelo

kodSi gvxvdeba iSviaTi forma jvejvejvejvepipipipi `qafi~, igi ar ipoveba

qvemoimerulSi. aris zmnuri formac: gagagagajvijvijvijvipipipipineneneneba ba ba ba || || || || jvijvijvijvipinpinpinpindededede----

ba ba ba ba `wKliT gajGenTva, gasieba~. es zmnebi imave mniSvnelobiT

imerulSic aris miTiTebuli (p. gaCeCilaZe), magram amjamad igi

imeruli sametKvelo kodidan gamqralia. imerulSi aris pejpejpejpej----oooo

da jvepjvepjvepjvep----oooo `qafis~ mniSvnelobiT (al. `lonti), jvejvejvejvepo po po po ganmarte-

bulia, rogorc pepepepejojojojo, , , , pepepeperiririri (vuk. beriZe);

zemoimerulSi dasturebdeba jveprjveprjveprjvepr-i `qafi~ (q. ZoweniZe),

aqedan: momomomojvepjvepjvepjveprva rva rva rva (b. wereTeli). leCxumurSi aris forma jvijvijvijvi----

pipipipinininini `sisvele~, leCxumurSive dadasturebulia forma jvejvejvejvepo po po po

(m. alaviZe). am formas migrirebuli leCxumlebi ar iKeneben.

TuSurSi aris jvrinjvrinjvrinjvrintatatata `wveTi~ (p. xubua);

uZveles qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi dasturdeba: perperperper-i

/ / / / pepepeperovrovrovrov----a / perperperper----ulululul----i, kerZod: perperperper-i aris `duj-i, qaf-i~, misgan

nawarmoebia zmnuri forma, mag., `p e r o v ( v ) i n d a

i G r y e n n k b i l T a ~ (mr. 9;18); `s u l m a n u k e T u r -

m a n ... d a a k u e T i s d a p e r o ( v ) i n ) (l. 9,39); pepepepe----

rulrulrulrul----i semantikurad emTxveva perperperper-s: `peruli sdioda pirsa~

(m.c. 195) (i. abulaZe). imave semantikis megruli SesatKvisia

panJpanJpanJpanJ----, , , , lazuri paJpaJpaJpaJ-; svanuri _ perperperper---- (z. sarJvelaZe, h. fenrixi).

perperperper-i sabas mierac ganmartebulia, rogorc `qafi~.

perperperper-i amjamadac gamoiKeneba aGmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTis sametKvelo dialeqtur kodebSi, mag., perperperper----i mTiulurSi,

gudamaKrulSi (gudamaKrulSi aris perperperper----aaaa-c), fSaurSi, xevsu-

rulSi, TuSurSi, moxeurSi niSnavs `qafs~ (e. virsalaZe); perperperper----i

aris `oflis~ `qaf-is~ mniSvnelobiTac (T. uTurgaiZe, iv. bu-

qurauli, o. qaJaia).

es monacemebi Zalze saintereso da, amasTanave, rTul vi-

Tarebas warmogvidgens. safiqrebelia, qarTul-kolxuri er-

Tobis xanaSi navaraudevi romeliGac rTuli bgeris (ak. SaniZe)

13

daSlis Sedegad miGebuli r r r r aris svanurSi: perperperper `duji cxo-

velTa~; Cveni azriT, am rTuli bgeris arseboba savaraudoa

qarTul-kolxur erTianobaze adrec, Kovel SemTxvevaSi rome-

liGac sametKvelo arealSi mainc. Zvel qarTulSi aris: perperperper----i

`duJi, qafi~; leCxumurSi: perperperper----olololol----i `qafi~.

imave rTuli bgeris daSlis Sedegad miGebuli JJJJ unda

gvqondes zemoaGniSnul megrulsa da lazur sitKvebSi da iSvi-

aT lazur paralelur formebSi peJpeJpeJpeJ-i >>>> beJbeJbeJbeJ-i `sqeli~, Sdr.:

aseve iSviaTi lazuri forma bbbbJJJJ-i `iTqmis usulo saganze, risa-

me Casqeleba bevri xarSvisgan~ (n. quTelia); peJpeJpeJpeJ-i > > > > beJbeJbeJbeJ-i Sepi-

rispirebulia mKarmKarmKarmKar- fuZes (g. kartozia).

aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis sametKvelo areals Semou-

naxavs rrrr bgeriani forma: perperperper----i i i i / / / / perperperper----aaaa; ; ; ; savaraudoa, rom le-

CxumurSi enobrivi forma perperperper----olololol-i Zveli qarTulis danaSre-

via, magram svanurTan semantikis doneze sametKvelo kodebis

Serevis Sedegi unda iKos jvepjvepjvepjvep-i, romelic imaves aGniSnavs, ra-

sac svanurSi.

kolxurSi JJJJ meoreuladaa miCneuli, misi wina saxe unda

KofiliKo j j j j (ak. SaniZe). Cveni azriT, JJJJ-s wina saxed navaraude-

vi j j j j aris cxeniswKlis xeobis narev sametKvelo kodebSi: migri-

rebul leCxumelTa leCxumur-qvemoimerulSi: jvepjvepjvepjvep----i (dadadadaJviJviJviJvipipipipi----

neneneneba ba ba ba || gagagagajvijvijvijvipipipipinenenenebabababa), `wKlis an raime siTxis qafi~ (/`wKliT an

raime daavadebis gamo dasieba~). imave asakis migrantebi iKene-

ben formasac jvapjvapjvapjvap----i (Gvino) `wKalnarevi, cudi Gvino~. Sdr.:

imerulSi _ jvapjvapjvapjvap-i `didi da xangrZlivi wvimianoba~ (iv. qavTa-

raZe); `nestiani amindi, wvimianoba~; wKliT gajGenTili, nedli

(qarT. dialeqt.); imerulSive _ jvapjvapjvapjvap-i `wKliT gajGenTili an

nedli ram, mag., SeSa, simindi da sxv. (iv. qavTaraZe); fonetiku-

rad saxecvlilia, magram semantikurad axlosaa gur. jvanqjvanqjvanqjvanq-i

`cvari, wveTi~ (al. Glonti).

Cveni azriT, dasavlurqarTuli sametKvelo seqtoris

pejpejpejpej----oooo (v. beriZe) ufro Zvelia da misgan momdinareobs peJ peJ peJ peJ-i;

vvvv----s CarTviT da metaTezisiT aris miGebuli jjjj((((vvvv))))epepepep-i. oooo-sufiq-

siani forma Semdgomdroindeli SeiZleba iKos. dasaSvebia ----oooo

14

Zv. qarTuli ----ul ul ul ul >>>> dialeqt. ----olololol sufiqsis naSTi iKos, ker-

Zod: msgavsad perperperper----ulululul----i / / / / perperperper----olololol----i-sa unda KofiliKo ****pejpejpejpej----

ulululul----i / * / * / * / *pejpejpejpej----olololol----i, magram momxdaria ara sufiqsTa monacvleoba,

aramed saliteraturo ----ul ul ul ul ( ( ( ( < < < < ----urururur)))) sufiqsSi daviwroebulia

uuuu (> > > > oooo).

jvejvejvejvepipipipi, aseve, jvajvajvajvapi pi pi pi leCxumuris leqsikonebSi ar gvxvdeba,

magram aris jvejvejvejvepis pis pis pis semantikuri Sesabamisi pepepeperorororoli li li li `qafi~ (m.

Ciqovani); es sitKva metad gamZle aGmoCenila, igi ukanasknel

xanebamde aqtiurad gamoiKeneboda qvemo imereTSi adreul pe-

riodebSi migrirebul cagersqvemouri kodis momxmarebelTa mi-

er, magram, gansxvavebiT leCxumurisgan, hqonda `swrafis~ mniS-

vneloba, mag., dedededevivivividododododa peda peda peda perorororolilililiviTviTviTviT e.i. `daqroda~; aGweri-

lobiTi forma dialeqturi warmoebisaa, magram axlos dgas

zmnasTan, Sdr.: perperperper----ovovovov----inininin....

aGniSnuli procesebi garkveul dialeqtur wreTa So-

ris sametKvelo kodebis Serevis Sedegia, raSic zanuris mona-

wileobac ivaraudeba.

sulxan-saba uTiTebs: pepepeperiririri `qafi~ || pepepepejo jo jo jo `wKalT pereu-

li~. pepepepejojojojo, SesaZloa, sabas dasavluri dialeqturi arealidan

hqondes aGebuli. maSin unda vivaraudoT, rom dasavlur rome-

liGac sametKvelo kodSi pejpejpejpej-o-s mniSvneloba perperperper- Tan mimar-

TebiT semantikurad diferencirebuli iKo. am viTarebasTan ax-

los dgas leCxumuri da migrant leCxumelTa pepepeperolrolrolrol-is mniS-

vnelobebi.

b) saanalizo arealSi zogi sitKvis rrrr da jjjj variantiani

formebi erTdrouladac gvxvdeba, mag., qvemoimerul kodSi kvekvekvekve----

jojojojo `xis patara uro~, da migrirebul leCxumelTa kodSi: kvekvekvekve----

riririri `CaquCi~, qvemoimerulSi aris: kvekvekvekvejojojojoiiiiaaaani ni ni ni `raqitiani~. zog

sitKvaSi rrrr-s xSirad jjjj enacvleba leCxumurSi, imerulSi, gu-

rulSi, mag., filfilfilfiltvi tvi tvi tvi > > > > firfirfirfirtvi tvi tvi tvi > > > > fiJfiJfiJfiJvivivivi,,,, rac qarTvelur ena-

Ta uZveles viTarebas asaxavs.

sabas leqsikonSi orive bgeriani formaa Setanili, magram

isini mainc dialeqtebis kuTvnilebad darCnen.

15

g) am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa ayar. pepepepepepepepecicicici: `bevri

duGilisgan Casqelebuli saymeli~ (al. Glonti), sadac rrrr da-

karguli Cans, unda KofiliKo: *perperperper----pepepepe((((rrrr))))cccc----i, Sdr.: forma

perperperper-i, lazuri: bJbJbJbJ----i, peJpeJpeJpeJ----i > > > > beJbeJbeJbeJ----i da qarT. myarmyarmyarmyar- fuZeebi. zmna

ipeipeipeipeJaJaJaJanennennennen `sqeldeba~, Sdr.: qarT. rrrr,,,, zan. JJJJ; ; ; ;

d) narevi sametKvelo kodebis sinqroniul yrilSi anali-

zis dros umniSvnelovanesia staratifikaciuli da situaciuri

variantulobis mixedviT monacemTa diaqroniul yrilSi gan-

xilva, ris Sedegadac enis istoriis saKuradGebo faqtebi Se-

iZleba gamovlindes. saanalizo arealis narev sametKvelo ko-

debSi analogiuri viTareba, kerZod, SSSS-s gamjGerebiT miGebu-

li j j j j (mag., jru jru jru jru((((vvvv))))----i / / / / SluSluSluSlu((((vvvv))))----i) da uZvelesi qarTulis da-

naSrevis amsaxveli magaliTebi moxsenebaSia warmodgenili

m am am am a n an an an a n a b un a b un a b un a b u k i ak i ak i ak i a (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

sasasasaxelxelxelxelTa warmoTa warmoTa warmoTa warmoqmniqmniqmniqmnisasasasaTvis laTvis laTvis laTvis lazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi ((((jjjj. . . . didididiuuuumemememezizizizilis lalis lalis lalis lazuzuzuzuri teqri teqri teqri teqstestestestebis mibis mibis mibis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT))))

j. diumezilis mier Cawerili lazuri teqstebi warmo-

qmnil sitKvaTa mravalferovnebis ar gamoirCeva. es bunebrivi-

caa, _ mkvlevari mTel masalas erTi informatorisagan iwer-

da.

miuxedavad amisa, SesaZlebelia CamoKalibdes lazuri

sitKvawarmoebiTi saSualebebis erTgvari sistema. warmovadgenT

zogierT maTgans.

qoqoqoqonenenenebisbisbisbis saxelebi:

-on: jurjurjurjur----SuSuSuSurorororonininini `orsuli~, jurjurjurjurneCneCneCneC----odonodonodonodon `ormocoTaxia-

ni~, didididicxicxicxicxirorororonininini `sisxliani~, CiCiCiCilamlamlamlamrorororoni ni ni ni `cremliani~

-iar > -�ar (intervokalur poziciaSi): onJGorionJGorionJGorionJGoriar ar ar ar `sir-

cxiliani~, derderderderdi�di�di�di�a�i a�i a�i a�i `dardiani~, Gno Gno Gno Gnosi�si�si�si�ar ar ar ar `ykviani~

16

-er: mjan mjan mjan mjangegegegeri ri ri ri `jangiani~

uqonuqonuqonuqonlolololobisbisbisbis saxelebi:

u-el: ufaufaufaufarererereli li li li ùfulo~, umi umi umi umiTeTeTeTeli li li li ùpatrono~ (zedm.

ùaraviso~), uw uw uw uwkakakakarererereli li li li ùwKlo~, ug�ug�ug�ug�areareareareli li li li ùymeli~ (zedm.

ùsaymelo~), ununununjujujujumemememelililili ùmarilo~

u-e: ugu ugu ugu ugunanananaxe xe xe xe ùcodveli~

u-u: uSu uSu uSu uSuvu vu vu vu `dausvelebeli, mSrali~

u-iar: uonJGoriuonJGoriuonJGoriuonJGoriar ar ar ar ùsircxvilo~

dadadadaniSniSniSniSnunununulelelelebisbisbisbis saxelebi:

o-el / o-al: ononononweweweweli li li li àkvani~ (zedm. dasarwevi~), oqooqooqooqosasasasa----

lelelele `cocxi~

o-u: ononononcocococorurururu `saceri~

o-on: ononononwkiwkiwkiwkiaaaalolololonininini èjvani, sawkaruno~

mcemcemcemcenanananarererereTaTaTaTa krekrekrekrebubububulilililis aGmniSvneli saxelebi:

-on: dadadadaZoZoZoZonininini èkalbardi~ > (-ef)-un-a: TiTiTiTifefefefefufufufuna na na na `balaxi~,

TxoTxoTxoTxomemememefufufufuna na na na `Txmelnari~, qvaqvaqvaqvalelelelefufufufunananana `qvavnari~, mSqe�mSqe�mSqe�mSqe�efuefuefuefuna na na na

`dafnari~, nJanJanJanJalelelelefufufufuna na na na `tKe~

-on > -un procesi mravlobiTobis aGmniSvneli bagismieri

-f-s gavleniT ixsneba.

samecniero literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom -on sufiqsi

endemuri JiSis mcenareTa saxelebisagan warmoqmnil derivateb-

Si monawileobs (o. memiSiSi), magram Cven mier gamokvleul

teqstebSi gvxvdeba nasesxeb sitKvasTanac: daGafudaGafudaGafudaGafuna na na na `tKe~

(zedm. `tKiani~). daGdaGdaGdaG Turqulad `tKea~

erTaderT SemTxvevaSi gvxvdeba Turquli -luGluGluGluG sufiqsiT

gaformebuli saxeli kakakakamiSmiSmiSmiSluGiluGiluGiluGi `lerwmiani~, Tumca es saxeli

nasesxobaTa rigSi ganixileba. zogadad lazurisTvis ucxo araa

Turquli afiqsiT gaformebuli mcenareTa krebulis aGmniSvne-

li saxelebi: cxemcxemcxemcxemluGiluGiluGiluGi `cxemlnari~, isiisiisiisiluGiluGiluGiluGi ìslnari~.

sasasasadadadadauuuurorororobisbisbisbis saxelebi:

-ar: sisisisidededederarrarrarrar `sidereli~, ororororya�ya�ya�ya�i i i i òryeli~

-ur: du du du duTxuTxuTxuTxuri ri ri ri `duTxeli~, babababaTuTuTuTumumumumuri ri ri ri `baTumeli~, ar ar ar arqaqaqaqa----

bubububuli li li li àrqabeli~

17

ababababstraqstraqstraqstraqtultultultul saxelebSi gvxvdeba rogorc qarTveluri -

obaobaobaoba sufiqsis darTviT miGebuli sitKvebi, aseve Turquli -

luGluGluGluG bolosarTiT warmoebulebi:

-oba: anaanaanaanayoyoyoyobabababa èSmakoba~, bebebeberorororobabababa `bavSvoba~, g�g�g�g�aroaroaroarobabababa `sa-

diloba~, msqvamsqvamsqvamsqvanonononobabababa `silamaze~.

-luG: avavavavJiJiJiJiluGiluGiluGiluGi `nadiroba~, saGluGisaGluGisaGluGisaGluGi `JanmrTeloba~,

ususususTeTeTeTeluGiluGiluGiluGi òstatoba~.

gvaqvs paraleluri warmoebis SemTxvevebic: fafafafadidididiSaSaSaSahohohohobabababa /

fafafafadidididiSahSahSahSahluGiluGiluGiluGi `fadiSahoba, mefoba~, xaxaxaxazi�zi�zi�zi�obaobaobaoba / xaxaxaxazirzirzirzirluGluGluGluG `ga-

mzadeba~.

xelobis aGmniSvneli sitKvebi mTlianad nasesxebia, magram

erT-SemTxvevaSi lazur (resp. qarTvelur) sitKvas ucxouri

afiqsi aqvs darTuli: boboboborurururujijijiji `mesaKvire~.

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l ig i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l ig i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l ig i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i

(Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis institut)

TemisTemisTemisTemis niSanTa monacvleobisaTvisniSanTa monacvleobisaTvisniSanTa monacvleobisaTvisniSanTa monacvleobisaTvis qarTuli enis dialeqtebSiqarTuli enis dialeqtebSiqarTuli enis dialeqtebSiqarTuli enis dialeqtebSi

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi (qarTlurSi, kaxurSi, sa-

mcxurSi...) farTod gavrcelebuli procesia Temis niSanTa mo-

nacvleoba (am SemTxvevaSi ar vgulisxmobT ----avavavav/----am am am am monacvleobas

_ xatams, svavs... ----avavavav da ----am am am am Temis niSnebi sistemaSi zustad er-

Tgvarad iqceva). monacvleobis magaliTebi:

----eb Teeb Teeb Teeb Temis nimis nimis nimis niSans enacSans enacSans enacSans enacvlevlevlevleba ba ba ba ----avavavav////----amamamam:

akeT-ebebebeb-s / akeT-amamamam-s; kid-ebebebeb-s / kid-avavavav(----amamamam)-s, Seageb-ebebebeb-s /

Seageb-amamamam-s, daurig-ebebebeb-en / daurig-amamamam-en (mogvKavs is variantebi,

romlebic amJerad teqstebSi davadastureT)...

momomomonanananacvlecvlecvlecvleooooba ba ba ba ----i i i i _ _ _ _ ----avavavav////----amamamam:

Kid-iiii-s / Kid-amamamam-s, zrd-iiii-s / zard-amamamam-s, gaxd-iiii-s / gaxad-amamamam-s,

dagv-iiii-da / dagav-amamamam-da, ten-iiii-s / ten-avavavav-s, won-iiii-s / won----avavavav-s...

18

uTeuTeuTeuTemismismismisniSniSniSniSno dano dano dano dairiririrTavs Tavs Tavs Tavs ----avavavav////----amamamam-s:

tex-s / tex-avavavav(----amamamam)-s, mogitan / mogitan-amamamam, aviKvan / aviKvan-

amamamam, movkveT / movkveT-amamamam...

fufufufuZedZedZedZedrerererekakakakadi zmnedi zmnedi zmnedi zmnebi dabi dabi dabi dairiririrTavs Tavs Tavs Tavs ----avavavav////----amamamam-s:

gleJs / gleJ-aaaavvvv(----amamamam)-s / gliJ-avavavav(----amamamam)-s, grex-s / grex-avavavav(----amamamam)-s

/ grix-avavavav(----amamamam)-s...

----eb Teeb Teeb Teeb TemismismismisninininiSans enacSans enacSans enacSans enacvlevlevlevleba ba ba ba ----obobobob:

srial-ebebebeb-s / srial-obobobob-s, trial-ebebebeb-s / trial-obobobob-s, Cur-

Cul-ebebebeb-s / CurCul-obobobob-s...

----obobobob-s CaCaCaCaeeeenacnacnacnacvla vla vla vla ----avavavav////----amamamam:

giamb-obobobob / giamb-amamamam, uamb-obobobob / umb-amamamam... SSSS----obobobob----s zmnas zmnas zmnas zmnaSi TeSi TeSi TeSi TemismismismisninininiSaSaSaSani funi funi funi fuZeZeZeZeSi gadaSi gadaSi gadaSi gadaiiiiriririricxa da dacxa da dacxa da dacxa da dairiririr----

To axaTo axaTo axaTo axali Teli Teli Teli Temismismismis ni ni ni niSaSaSaSanininini:

S-obobobob-s _ Sv-a, magram Sob-avavavav(-amamamam)-s _ Sob-a...

----avavavav TeTeTeTemismismismis ninininiSaSaSaSanininini fufufufuZeZeZeZeSiSiSiSi gadagadagadagadaiiiiriririricxecxecxecxebabababa dadadada dadadadairiririrTavsTavsTavsTavs ----obobobob-s:

cur-avavavav-s _ icur-a _ cura-obobobob-s _ icurav-a

gor-avavavav-s _ igora _ gora-obobobob-s _ igorav-a

xtun-avavavav-s _ ixtun-a _ xtuna-obobobob-s _ ixtunav-a...

aq gvinda gavixsenoT Zvel qarTulSi momxdari cvlileba:

----av av av av _ _ _ _ ----ebebebeb:::: ixat-vvvv-is _ ixat-ebebebeb-a, imal-vvvv-is _ imal-ebebebeb-a...

warmodgenil Kvela SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs Temis niSanTa

ganawilebis principis SecvlasTan; Temis niSanTa gadanawilebas

safuZvlad gvaris kategoria edeba; ----av av av av da ----am am am am TemisniSniani ad-

gils imkvidrebs moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebSi; ----ob ob ob ob Temis niSani

mkvidrdeba saSuali gvaris zmnebSi; xolo ----eb eb eb eb Temis niSani _

vnebiTi gvaris zmnebTan.

gvaris kategoriis safuZvelze Temis niSanTa gadanawile-

ba cocxali procesia, romelic saTaves Zvel qarTulSi iGebs

da dGemde grZeldeba.

19

T aT aT aT a m a r v am a r v am a r v am a r v a S aS aS aS a k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

msgavmsgavmsgavmsgavsesesesebabababa----TaTaTaTanabnabnabnabrorororobis gamobis gamobis gamobis gamoxatxatxatxatvivivivisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis TaTaTaTananananamedmedmedmedrorororove qarve qarve qarve qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi ((((qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli enis dili enis dili enis dili enis diaaaaleqleqleqleqtebtebtebtebTan miTan miTan miTan mimarmarmarmarTeTeTeTebiTbiTbiTbiT))))

Tanamedrove qarTulsa da qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi

msgmsgmsgmsgavavavavsesesesebibibibisasasasa Tu ererererTgvaTgvaTgvaTgvarorororobisbisbisbis semantikas gamoxatavs Semdegi

formantebi: 1. -viTviTviTviT: bavbavbavbavSviSviSviSviviTviTviTviT, memememegogogogobarbarbarbarsasasasaviTviTviTviT, dededededadadadasasasasaviT viT viT viT (sa-

lit. qarT.), rqarqarqarqaTaTaTaTaviTviTviTviT `rqebiviT~... (aGmos. saqarT. mTis dia-

leqt.), bubububuiiiiviT viT viT viT `busaviT~, imiimiimiimisasasasaviviviviTaTaTaTa... (qarTl.), kakakakaciciciciviTviTviTviT ||

kackackackacsasasasaviTviTviTviT || kakakakacicicicisasasasaviTviTviTviT... (kax.), kakakakacicicicivi vi vi vi `kaciviT~ (ingil.), gzigzigzigzisasasasa----

viTviTviTviT,,,, dGidGidGidGisasasasaviTviTviTviT, mamamamamimimimiviTviTviTviT `mamasaviT~, JoJoJoJoririririiTiTiTiT `JoriviT~... (mesx.),

xexexexeviT viT viT viT `xesaviT~, mzemzemzemzeviT viT viT viT `mzesaviT~... (ray.), qvaqvaqvaqvasasasasaveTveTveTveT `qvasaviT~,

ZaGZaGZaGZaGlilililisasasasaveTveTveTveT `ZaGlsaviT~... (imer.), SaSaSaSaqaqaqaqaririririviTviTviTviT || SaSaSaSaqaqaqaqaririririsasasasaviTviTviTviT...

(leCx.), ZmaZmaZmaZmasasasasaveTveTveTveT || ZmaZmaZmaZmasasasasaveveveve || ZmaZmaZmaZmasasasasavenvenvenven `ZmasaviT~, yiyiyiyiririririvin vin vin vin `yiri-

viT~... (ayar.) da sxv.; 2. -ebrebrebrebr: kacebrkacebrkacebrkacebr (Sdr. kakakakacebcebcebcebriririri), babababaKaKaKaKa----

KisebrKisebrKisebrKisebr (Sdr. babababaKaKaKaKaKiKiKiKisebrsebrsebrsebrnininini) (salit. qarT.), TqvenTqvenTqvenTqvensebsebsebseb || TqvenTqvenTqvenTqven----

sefsefsefsef... (qarTl.), guggugguggugrarararasebsebsebsebrararara `gogrisebr~... (ingil.); -ebrebrebrebr → -ebebebeb

→ -efefefef: dededededudududurebrebrebreb || dededededudududurefrefrefref, gmigmigmigmirurururuleflefleflef, TqvenTqvenTqvenTqvensasasasaefefefef... (ray.),

kldekldekldekldesasasasaefefefef, CemCemCemCemsasasasaefefefef... (imer.), xarxarxarxarsasasasavefvefvefvef, CemCemCemCemsasasasavefvefvefvef... (ayar.) da

sxv.; 3. -mebrmebrmebrmebr: wewewewesisisisisasasasamebrmebrmebrmebr, sursursursurvivivivililililisamsamsamsamebrebrebrebr... (salit. qarT.)...,

4. -eburebureburebur: ZveZveZveZvelelelelebubububuriririri, , , , CveCveCveCvenenenenebubububuriririri... (salit. qarT.), aseaseaseaseTeTeTeTebubububuriririri,

aqeaqeaqeaqeTeTeTeTebubububuriririri... (imer.); 5. -nanananairiririr: amamamamxaxaxaxananananagisgisgisgisnanananaiiiiriririri, sasasasaxlisxlisxlisxlisnanananaiiiiriririri, amamamamnananana----

iiiiriririri... (salit. qarT.), amamamamneneneneiiiiriririri, imimimimneneneneiiiiriririri... (dasavl. dialeqt.); 6.

-gvargvargvargvar: amamamamgvagvagvagvariririri, imimimimgvagvagvagvariririri... (salit. qarT.); 7. -magmagmagmagvarvarvarvar: ararararwiwiwiwivisvisvisvismagmagmagmag----

vavavavariririri, kikikikibisbisbisbismagmagmagmagvavavavariririri... (salit. qarT.); 8. -TaTaTaTanananana: amisamisamisamisTaTaTaTanananana, imisimisimisimisTaTaTaTa----

nananana... (salit. qarT.), bibibibicocococolalalalaiiiisasasasanananana || bibibibicocococolelelelesasasasanananana, kakakakacicicicisasasasanananana......

(gur); 9. -ferferferfer: amamamamfefefeferiririri, imimimimfefefeferiririri... (gur., qvemoimer., leCxum.) da

sxv.

gamoiKofa TaTaTaTanabnabnabnabrrrroooobabababa----TaTaTaTananananafarfarfarfardodododobisbisbisbis semantikis gamomxat-

veli formantebic: 1. -odenodenodenoden: CemCemCemCemoooodedededenininini, SeSeSeSenonononodedededenininini...; 2. -odeodeodeodenananana:

CeCeCeCemomomomodedededenananana, SeSeSeSenonononodedededenananana...; 3. -toltoltoltol((((aaaa)))): amamamamtotototolililili `amdeni~, amamamamtotototolalalala

20

àmodena~, imimimimtotototolililili ìmdeni~, imimimimtotototolalalala ìmodena~, CeCeCeCemomomomototototolalalala ||

CeCeCeCemomomomototototonananana, SeSeSeSenonononototototolalalala || SeSeSeSenonononototototonananana... (qarTl., kax.); 4. -xexexexelalalala: imimimim----

xexexexelalalala, amamamamxexexexelalalala... da sxv.

msgavmsgavmsgavmsgavsesesesebabababa----TaTaTaTanabnabnabnabrorororobisbisbisbis semantikis gamomxatvel formaTa sa-

warmoeblad ZiriTadad gamoKenebulia saxelTa naTesaobiTi, mi-

cemiTi an saxelobiTi brunvis formebi, zogJer _ fuZeebic:

a) sawarmoeblad gamoKenebuli naTesaobiTi brunvis for-

ma:

ar ar ar arsesesesebibibibiTi Ti Ti Ti → zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavivivivi ada ada ada adamimimimiaaaanininini → adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanisnisnisnismagmagmagmagvavavavariririri; CanCanCanCanTaTaTaTa → CanCanCanCanTisTisTisTisnanananaiiiiriririri;

burburburburTiTiTiTi → burburburburTiTiTiTisosososodedededenananana; momomomoeeeedadadadanininini → momomomoededededninininisesesesebubububuriririri; kbikbikbikbili li li li →

kbikbikbikbililililisebsebsebsebriririri; lolololomimimimi → lolololomismismismisgvagvagvagvariririri; bavbavbavbavSviSviSviSvi → bavbavbavbavSvisSvisSvisSvisxexexexelalalala............

ar ar ar arsesesesebibibibiTi Ti Ti Ti → zmnizmnizmnizmnisarsarsarsarTiTiTiTi sur sur sur survivivivilililili → sursursursurvivivivililililisamebrsamebrsamebrsamebr (sursursursurvivivivililililisamebrsamebrsamebrsamebr iqceva...)

ka ka ka kacicicici → kakakakacicicicisasasasaviTviTviTviT (dialeqt.): kakakakacicicicisasasasaviT viT viT viT dagvelaparaka...

zed zed zed zedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavi vi vi vi → zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavi vi vi vi (msgavsebis semantikis miniS-

nebiT):

pa pa pa patatatatarararara (gasubstant.) → papapapatatatatarisrisrisrisnanananaiiiiriririri

ri ri ri ricxvicxvicxvicxviTi Ti Ti Ti → zed zed zed zedssssararararTaTaTaTavivivivi me me me meoooorererere (gasubstant.) → memememeoooorisrisrisrismagmagmagmagvavavavariririri; memememeooooTxeTxeTxeTxedidididi (ga-

substant.) → memememeooooTxeTxeTxeTxeddddiiiisosososodedededenananana da sxv.

na na na nacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxexexexelililili → zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavivivivi me me me me _ naT. Cem Cem Cem Cem _ CeCeCeCemomomomodedededenananana...

b) sawarmoeblad gamoKenebulia micemiTi brunvis forma:

ar ar ar arsesesesebibibibiTiTiTiTi → zmnizmnizmnizmnisarsarsarsarTiTiTiTi de de de dedadadada → dededededadadadasasasasaviT viT viT viT (dededededadadadasasasasaviTviTviTviT laparakobs...)

g) sawarmoeblad gamoKenebulia saxelobiTi brunvis forma:

ar ar ar arsesesesebibibibiTiTiTiTi → zmnizmnizmnizmnisarsarsarsarTiTiTiTi ZaGli ZaGli ZaGli ZaGli → ZaGliZaGliZaGliZaGliviTviTviTviT (ZaGliZaGliZaGliZaGliviTviTviTviT iGrineba...)

d) sawarmoeblad gamoKenebulia saxelis fuZe:

ar ar ar arsesesesebibibibiTiTiTiTi → zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavivivivi kakakakacicicici → kakakakacebcebcebcebriririri (kakakakacebcebcebcebriririri gamoxedva hqonda...)

ararararsesesesebibibibiTiTiTiTi → zmnizmnizmnizmnisarsarsarsarTiTiTiTi bavbavbavbavSviSviSviSvi → bavbavbavbavSvisebr Svisebr Svisebr Svisebr (bavbavbavbavSvisebrSvisebrSvisebrSvisebr tiktikebda...) da sxv.

21

rogorc Cans, -nanananairiririr, -gvargvargvargvar, -TaTaTaTanananana, -ferferferfer da sxva am tipis

formantebi, iseve rogorc -viTviTviTviT da -ebrebrebrebr Tandebulebi, Tanamed-

rove qarTulsa Tu qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi ZiriTadad

gamoiKenebian erTsa da imave SemTxvevebSi (msgavsebis semanti-

kis gamomxatvel formaTa sawarmoeblad).

l il il il i l e T a nl e T a nl e T a nl e T a n d id id id i l al al al a v av av av a (baTumi. S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti)

TurTurTurTurququququli eleli eleli eleli elemenmenmenmentetetetebi JorJ dubi JorJ dubi JorJ dubi JorJ dumemememezizizizilislislislis ararararTaTaTaTaSeSeSeSenulnulnulnul----lalalalazur teqzur teqzur teqzur teqstebstebstebstebSiSiSiSi

Tavad arTaSenuli kilo warmoadgens lazuris dasavlur

kiloTa Jgufs, romelic TurqeTis respublikis teritoriazea.

am teqstebis Cawera moxda gasuli saukunis 1930-31 ww- Si. Ta-

vad avtori aGniSnavs mas, rom igi arTaSenuli moxucebisagan

Caiwera. Semdeg teqstebi gadamowmda da Sedga arqabuli vari-

antic, magram orive variantebSi gvxvdeba Turquli emlemente-

bi, romelic gamoKenebulia teqstebSi.

Cveni kvlevis sagani aris Turqizmebi lazurSi. TiToeu-

li respodenti Taviseburebad warmoTqvams Turqul leqsikas.

amitomac gansxvavebuli formebi fiqsirdeba.Cven agreTve gvain-

teresebs Tu ra sixSiriT ixmareboda im dros lazurSi Tur-

quli leqsika da gvinda SevadaroT dGevandel mdgomareobas.

zogierTi forma aucileblad Semodis, zogi icvlis

formas, zogic rogorc Ziri rCeba Turquli, xolo afiqsebi

darTuli aqvs lazuri. e.i. lazuri warmoebisaa.

22

n an an an a n a k an a k an a k an a k a y ay ay ay a r ar ar ar a v a v a v a v a (iv. JavaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti) l ul ul ul u iiii z a r uz a r uz a r uz a r u x ax ax ax a Z eZ eZ eZ e (Tbilisi. g. wereTlis aGmosavleTmcodneobis instituti) CveCveCveCvenenenenebubububurerererebis mebis mebis mebis metKvetKvetKvetKvelelelelebabababaSi zoSi zoSi zoSi zogigigigiererererTi naTi naTi naTi nasessessessesxexexexebibibibi ssssiiiitKvistKvistKvistKvis momomomorforforforfolololologigigigiuuuuri anari anari anari analilililizizizizisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

ruseT-TurqeTis omebis periodSi vidre 1921 wlamde

mudmivad mimdinareobda muhaJirobis procesi. muhaJirTa dasax-

lebis adgilebSi (SavizGvispireTi, anatoliis Sida regionebi _

bursa, malaTia), zogierT sofelSi dGesac saubroben qarTu-

li enis ayarul, klarJul da imerxeul dialeqtebze.

TurqeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis anu Cveneburebis me-

tKveleba qarTuli enis arqaul suraTs iZleva. Cven mier Semo-

Tavazebuli masala qarTuli enis ukve ganvlili etapis cocxa-

li ilustraciaa. am masalis siGrmiseuli gamokvleva did da-

xmarebas gauwevs qarTuli da Turquli enebis saukuneebis gan-

mavlobaSi urTierTobebis Sedegad warmoqmnili sakiTxebis me-

cnierul kvlevas.

masalad gamoKenebulia SuSana futkaraZis monografia

`Cveneburebis qarTuli~ (t. I, baTumi, 1993).

moxsenebaSi ganvixilavT nasesxobaTa sam morfologiur

Jgufs: arsebiTi saxeli, zedsarTavi saxeli da zmna. nasesxebi

sitKvebi qarTuli enis morfologiuri formantebiTaa gafor-

mebuli. sitKvawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebuli siux-

viT gamoirCeva saxelidan nawarmoebi zmnebis Jgufi. magaliTad,

budala (suleli) → abudalebs, Terbie (zrdiloba) → aTerbi-

lebs, horozi (mamali) → ihoroza, konuSmak (saubari) → iKo-

nuSon, meraKi (interesi) → imeraKa, Cizmeq (xazva, xatva)→ mo-

Cizavs, Senliq (mxiaruleba) → iSeliges da misT. saxelidan

nawarmoeb zmnebSi gamoKenebulia qarTuli enis zmnisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli mawarmoeblebi _ piris, ricxvis, Temis niSnebi

da sxv.

23

T aT aT aT a m a r l o mm a r l o mm a r l o mm a r l o m T aT aT aT a Z eZ eZ eZ e (quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

nanananasessessessesxeb soxeb soxeb soxeb sociciciciooooleleleleqqqqtizmtizmtizmtizmTa adapTa adapTa adapTa adaptatatataciciciciiiiisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis TaTaTaTananananamedmedmedmedrorororove qarve qarve qarve qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

socioleqti moicavs iseT leqtebs, rogorebicaa jargoni,

argo, slengi, profesiuli da dargoblivi leqsika da a. S. ami-

tom, socioleqtebSi nasesxebi sitKvebi didi raodenobiT

gvxvdeba.

sxva enobrivi samKarodan sitKvaTa sesxeba leqsikis ga-

mdidrebis erT-erTi saSualebaa. SeiZleba gamovKoT nasesxoba-

Ta sami Jgufi: sruliad adaptirebuli, araadaptirebuli da

nawilobriv adaptirebuli.

adaptacia xdeba orTografiis, fonologiis, gramatikisa

da semantikis doneze.

socioleqtizmebis orTografiis ganxilvisas, ra Tqma un-

da, nasesxebi leqsikuri erTeulebi gvaqvs mxedvelobaSi. am Se-

mTxvevaSi ramdenime varianti SeiZleba gamovKoT: 1) nasesxebi

socioleqtizmi Kalibdeba nimuSis warmoTqmis safuZvelze: ima-

je – imiJi, хвост _ xvocti 2) socioleqtizmis orTografia em-

Txveva etimonisas Kovelgvari cvlilebis gareSe, monitor – moni-

tori, угонщик _ ugonSiki 3) nawilobriv emTxveva warmoTqmas,

nawilobriv _ orTografias, overtime _ overtaimi 4) orTogra-

fia Kalibdeba Suamavali enis zegavleniT, budget _ biuJeti,

киллер _ kileri 5) gvaqvs warmoTqmisa da orTografiis varia-

ciulobis SemTxvevebic, Ceti/Cati...

nasesxebi socioleqtizmebis fonologiaze dakvirveba

gviCvenebs, rom Tu orive enis warmoTqmis sistemas aqvs erTgva-

ri elementebi, maSin xdeba sruli Canacvleba. am process nu-

lovani transfonemizacia ewodeba, cool _ quli, zoom _ zumi

2) Tuki nasesxebi sitKvis zogierTi elementi Tavisi aGweriT

24

ZiriTadi modelisagan gansxvavdeba, maSin warmoTqma mxolod

nawilobriv uTanabrdeba etimons. am process nawilobrivi an

kompromisuli transfonemizacia hqvia, company _ kompania

3) Tuki nasesxebi etimonis warmoTqma Sedgeba iseTi elemente-

bisagan, romelsac mimGebi enis bgeraTa sistemaSi ekvivalenti

ara aqvs, maSin Canacvleba Tavisufalia. es procesi Tavisufa-

li transfonemizaciis saxels atarebs, weekend _ uikendi/vi-

qendi...

socioleqtebSi damkvidrebuli nasesxobaTa umravlesoba

arsebiTi saxelebia, romlebidanac nawarmoebia Semdeg zedsar-

Tavebi da zmnebi.

nasesxobaTa morfologiuri adaptaciis Semdegi variante-

bi SeiZleba gamoiKos. 1) nasesxobas SesaZloa hqondes igive

forma, rac etimons. es imas niSnavs, rom etimonze mimGebi enis

aranairi sufiqsis damateba ar xdeba, rasac nulovani tran-

smorfemizacia hqvia, cool- quli, хвост _ xvosti 2) roca nases-

xoba inarCunebs etimonis sufiqss, am process kompromisuli

transmorfemizacia ewodeba, speaker _ spikeri, накольшик _ na-

kolCiki 3) nasesxebi sitKvis sufiqss SesaZloa Caenacvlos mi-

mGebi enis sufiqsi imave funqciiTa da mniSvnelobiT, rogoric

nasesxobis sufiqsia, am process sruli transmorfemizacia

hqvia, sarcastic _ sarkastuli 4) aris SemTxvevebi, roca nasesxo-

ba etimonis sufiqss inarCunebs da amasTanave mimGebi enis su-

fiqss imatebs, chips _ Cipsebi.

nasesxeb sitKvas Tavis enaSi SeiZleba hqondes erTi an

ramdenime mniSvneloba. sesxebisas SeiZleba leqsikurma erTe-

ulma gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba SeiZinos, mag., seleqcia. SesaZ-

loa ramdenime mniSvnelobidan mxolod erTi visesxoT, rac Kve-

laze gavrcelebuli movlenaa qarTul socioleqtebSi, mag.,

buqmeikeri...

25

m am am am a i a m a ni a m a ni a m a ni a m a n J gJ gJ gJ g aaaa l al al al a ZZZZ eeee, T T T T eeee d o u T u rd o u T u rd o u T u rd o u T u r g ag ag ag a iiii Z e Z e Z e Z e (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

imeimeimeimerurururuli dili dili dili diaaaaleqleqleqleqti kati kati kati kaxur gaxur gaxur gaxur garerereremomomomoSi Si Si Si

imerlebi lagodexis raionSi soflebad cxovroben, ami-

tom miuxedavad kaxeTSi saukunovani saxlobisa, Tan moKolili

metKveleba sakmaod kargad aqvT Semonaxuli. upirvelesad, es

iTqmis zmniswinTa asimilirebul formebze, q o n a zmnis redu-

cirebul formebze, zogierT Tandebulian formaze, nacvalsa-

xelebze da sxv.

zmniswini mamamama- imerulsac axasiaTebs da kaxursac, amitom

lagodexel imerelTa metKvelebaSi kaxuris gavlenas ver miva-

werT mis arsebobas. mamamama- zmniswiniani formebi aqaur metKvele-

baSi Cveulebrivia, magaliTad: ravi, medalic m a m c e s Sdr.

m o m c e s da sxva mravali.

s v l a zmnis fuZemonacvle formebi: maq `maqvs~, gaq

`gaqvs~, aq `aqvs~ imerlebs ar SeucvliaT, radgan kaxurSic Cve-

ulebrivia isini, magaliTebi lagodexel imerelTa metKvelebi-

dan: Zaan didi gayirveba m a q naxuli... Tu g a q amdeni; sxva mi-

ndvrebi gvaq. Sdr. g v a q v s.

zmnisarTebi: a q i n e, m a q kaxurs ar axasiaTebs, imerulis

formebia Semonaxuli lagodexelTa metKvelebaSi: Camosulebi

arian, genacvale, a q a n e babua da bebia da Svidi Svili; maq

`mand~ da sxv.

-izaizaizaiza daboloebiani Tandebuliani forma (< -isisisis-dadadada, sadac

-isisisis naTesaobiTi brunvis niSania, -dadadada ki _ Tandebuli. maTi Se-

rwKma fonetikuri cvlilebiT iZleva -izaizaizaiza daboloebas) mxo-

lod imeruls axasiaTebs, kaxurs is ara aqvs, e. i. Semonaxulia

imerelTa metKvelebaSi: Sen Tu Seni JanmTelobiza qonda...

Sdr. kax. J a n m T elo b i T v i n.

Semonaxulia imeruli r a v a zmnisarTi. es forma kaxurs

ar axasiaTebs: r a v a iKo da me vcxovrobdi bebias saxSi... Sdr.

kax. r o g o.

26

Cveni dakvirvebiT, imeruli dialeqtis kargad Semonaxva

im faqtsac unda mieweros, rom i m e r e T i d a n m i g r a c i a

l a g od e x i s k e n erTi s a u k u n i s g a n m a v lo b a S i a r

S e w K v e t il a d a kaxuri dialeqtis formebi aqa-iq Tu Se-

gvxvdeba lagodexel imerelTa metKvelebaSi, mag., i m a � avzi-

lavT kargaT Sdr. imas.

m am am am a i a m ii a m ii a m ii a m i q aq aq aq a uuuu t at at at a Z eZ eZ eZ e (quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

xanxanxanxanmemememetotototobis kvabis kvabis kvabis kvalilililisasasasaTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTveTveTveTvelur kilur kilur kilur kilolololoebebebebSiSiSiSi

rogorc cnobilia, Tanamedrove qarTul samwignobro ena-

Si xanmetobis kvali Cans xarxarxarxar da momomomoxvalxvalxvalxval formebSi. sxva Se-

mTxvevebSi II subieqturi da III obieqturi piris niSnis varian-

tebi, rogorc wesi, aris:

0- _ xmovnebis win;

hhhh---- _ _ _ _ bagismieri (bbbb, , , , ffff, , , , pppp) da rbilsasismieri (gggg, , , , qqqq, , , ,

kkkk) xSulebis, agreTve spirantebisa ((((zzzz,,,,ssss; ; ; ; jjjj,,,,SSSS; ; ; ; GGGG,,,,xxxx; ; ; ; KKKK) da

sonantebis ((((vvvv,,,, llll, , , , mmmm, , , , nnnn,,,, rrrr) win;

ssss---- _ kbilismieri (dddd, , , , TTTT, , , , tttt) winanunismieri ((((ZZZZ, , , , cccc, , , ,

wwww) da ukananunismieri (JJJJ, , , , CCCC, , , , yyyy) xSulebis win.

SeiniSneba merKeobac: ga-h-jujvia || ga-s-jujvia, da-h-rCenia

|| da-s-rCenia.

qarTul saliteraturo enasa da dialeqtebis (maT Soris

megrul-lazurSic) umetes nawilSi Tvisobrivad msgavsi suraTia.

tradiciuli mosazrebiT, aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis

dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia hhhh---- formanti, romlis fone-

tikuri nairsaxeobania: hhhh---- > > > > ssss---- > > > > SSSS---- > > > > jjjj----; ; ; ; hhhh---- > > > > xxxx---- > > > > GGGG----;;;; hhhh---- > > > > ssss---- > > > > SSSS;;;; hhhh---- > > > > 0000---- (a. yinyarauli, b. JorbenaZe, g. gogolaSvili).

27

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom

V-VII saukuneebis samwignobro qarTuli enis xanmeti teqstebis

normis analogiurad, svanurSi xxxx---- prefiqsi daculia xmovniT

dawKebul zmnebTan subieqtur meore da obieqtur mesame pirSi

(x-iSxi ìwvi~, x-asKi àkeTeb~, x-atbide àTbob~... x-alat ùK-

vars~, x-ahudi àZlevs~, x-agdi `sZinavs~...). igive x- prefiqsi

amosavlad miCneulia TuSuri da xevsuruli G/x alomorfebis-

Tvisac (t. futkaraZe).

kvlevis am etapze ramdenadac CvenTvis sainteresoa xxxx----

alofonis warmomavloba, saanalizod warmovadgenT saTanado

xevsurul masalas:

da-xxxx-faravs, mo-xxxx-paravs, xxxx-qvian, da-xxxx-kazmavs, da-xxxx-ƒelTavs,

da-xxxx-Kabulda... GGGG-bav ("bGavis"), ma-GGGG-gvris, GGGG-vedris, wa-GGGG-la-

lavs, da-GGGG-malavs, GGGG-naxavs, GGGG-ridebs... Sa-GGGG-omebian, ga-GGGG-ofli-

anebiKv, GGGG-oqromyedlob, GGGG-avadob...

dasturdeba paraleluri formebic: ma-GGGG-mkis//ma-xxxx-mkis, ga-

xxxx-frindi//ga-GGGG-frindi...

ismis kiTxva: ra ufra ufra ufra ufro loro loro loro logigigigikukukukuriariariaria: : : :

am foram foram foram formemememebisbisbisbisTvis amoTvis amoTvis amoTvis amosavsavsavsavlad dalad dalad dalad davuSvuSvuSvuSvaT vaT vaT vaT VI sa sa sa sauuuukukukukunis nis nis nis ((((xanxanxanxan----memememetotototobis drobis drobis drobis droinininindedededelililili) ) ) ) qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTulis vilis vilis vilis viTaTaTaTarererereba Tu ufba Tu ufba Tu ufba Tu ufro gviro gviro gviro gvianananandededede----lililili????

pasuxisTvis saintereso argumenti SeiZleba mogvces fo-

netikuri procesis mimarTulebis analizma:

rogorc wesi, qarTvelur qvesistemebSi hhhh-d transformi-

rebuli piris niSani xmovnebis win ikargeba; mTis kiloebSi ki

mis nacvlad gvaqvs GGGG. ramdenadac mTis kiloebi bevr arqaul

movlenas inaxavs, ufro logikuria davuSvaT, rom es GGGG alo-

morfi mogvca xxxx---- prefiqsma; Sdr., nakleblogikuria, rom arqau-

li xxxx-sgan miGebulma hhhh-m, isev mogvca xxxx, Semdeg ki, am xxxx-m _ GGGG.

igive iTqmis sonorebis, mjGerebisa Tu Cqamierebis win gamo-

vlenili GGGG////xxxx-s Sesaxebac; mag., bagismieri Kru Tanxmovnis win (xxxx-

faravs, xxxx-paravs...) ras unda gamoewvia h > x procesi?

Sesabamisad, vfiqrobT, qarTuli (qarTveluri) enis mTis

kiloebSi realurad Cans saerToqarTveluri movlenis _ xanme-

tobis kvali.

28

m am am am a n an an an a n a m in a m in a m in a m i q aq aq aq a Z eZ eZ eZ e (quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

SeSeSeSeTanTanTanTanxmexmexmexmebis sabis sabis sabis sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvis zogTvis zogTvis zogTvis zog dadadadasavsavsavsavlur dilur dilur dilur diaaaaleqtleqtleqtleqtSiSiSiSi (imerulis, rayulisa da gurulis magaliTze)

1. SeTanxmebis safuZveli pirvel rigSi leqsikuri Sexame-

bulobaa, xolo meore mxriv, saziaro morfologiuri katego-

ria, ris gamoc qarTuli saliteraturo ena icnobs SeTanxme-

bis 3 SemTxvevas:

1. saxelisa da saxelis brunvaSi SeTanxmebas;

2. saxelisa da saxelis ricxvSi SeTanxmebas;

3. saxelisa da zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebas.

ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv qarTuli enis zogierT dasav-

lur dialeqtSi?

dasavlur dialeqtebSi saxelisa da zmnis ricxvSi SeTan-

xmebis sakiTxi xSir SemTxvevaSi darGveulia; kerZod:

a) krebiTi saxeliT gadmocemuli arsebiTi saxelebi zmnas

mravlobiT ricxvSi aKeneben, rac TiTqmis Kvela dasavlur dia-

leqtSi Segvxvda (imerulSi, rayulSi, leCxumurSi, ayarulSi,

gurulSi). (moxsenebaSi gaanalizebuli iqneba Sesabamisi sailus-

tracio masala imerulis, gurulisa da rayulis magaliTze).

b) dasavlur dialeqtSi Semasmeneli azris mixedviT

uwevs angariSs qvemdebares da mravlobiTSi dgas:

is Jari mets iqmonen... (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe, gv. 65).

xalxi gaTavxedden (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe, gv. 94).

SeSinden es xalxi (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe, gv. 94).

Kvela iKven aqana (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe, gv. 94).

Zir qve iwven xalxi (rayuli, b. JorbenaZe, I, gv. 164).

Jari sisxam dascemoden cixe-goJs (rayuli, b. JorbenaZe, I,

gv. 86).

xalxi jioden (guruli, p. JaJaniZe, gv. 43).

29

g) gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca qvemdebare da Semas-

menelic orive mravlobiTSi dgas:

bGarebi wKarosTan wevran (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe, gv. 65).

kacebi dajden da laparaki deiwKen (guruli, p. JaJaniZe,

gv. 14).

roca Zmebi damowifulda, geiKven (guruli, p. JaJaniZe, gv.

15).

adgen sami afxanikebi (guruli, p. JaJaniZe, gv. 23).

Kvela stumrebi SeKriliKven erTad (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe,

gv. 75).

iKo ori Zmani (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe, gv. 95).

d) zepirsitKvierebidan Segrovili masalebidan dafiqsir-

da Zveli qarTulis amsaxveli viTareba, roca eb-ian mravlo-

biTSi dasmuli qvemdebare ver iTanxmebs Semasmenels ricxvSi:

Svilebma qve miGalata (rayuli).

baGnebma gacala iqouroba (imeruli).

qe iKideboda is dawKevlili wablebi (imeruli).

e) saxelebi SeTanxmebulia ricxvsa da brunvaSi, roca sa-

literaturo ena aseT viTarebas gmobs:

xuTni kacni meviden (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe, gv. 67).

Svidi KaCaGebi daxvTerian da mouklamT (imeruli, q. Zo-

weniZe, gv. 105).

sami Zmebis mokeTeebi iKo (imeruli, q. ZoweniZe, gv. 94).

cota qalebi nigozs nagroveblarien (rayuli, b. Jorbena-

Ze, I, gv. 161).

samma mwKemsebma qve daukles Zroxa (rayuli, b. JorbenaZe,

I, gv. 253).

2. naSromSi warmodgenilia mdidari samecniero kvlevis

monacemTa bazaze dasavlur dialeqtTa teqstebsa da zepir

metKvelebaze daKrdnobiT ricxvsa da brunvaSi SeTanxmebis Ta-

viseburebaTa, zogadi suraTi, rac gamKarebulia Sesabamisi sai-

lustracio masaliT.

30

c ic ic ic i aaaa l a n al a n al a n al a n a r ar ar ar a k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e (baTumi. n. berZeniSvilis instituti)

xexexexexixixixilis molis molis molis movlavlavlavla----momomomoSeSeSeSenenenenebasbasbasbasTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububulililili leqleqleqleqsisisisikikikikidan ladan ladan ladan lazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

xexilis movla-moSenebasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika la-

zurSi SedarebiT kargadaa Semonaxuli, saintereso da TviT-

mKofadia.

am dargis leqsikis kvlevisas aGmoCnda iseTi leqsikuri

erTeulebi, romelTa umravlesobas specialuri literatura

ar icnobs (merwi _ Kunwi, kobuli _ daumwifebeli naKofi,

pio _ daumwifebeli leGvi, xukei _ gafuyebuli xili, yapi,

foso _ fesvi, xoxoloni _ naKofiT daxunZluli xe).

am dargis leqsikaSi gvxvdeba martivi fuZeebi, prefiqs-

sufiqsuri da kompoziciuri warmoeba.

xexilis movla-moSenebasTan dakavSirebuli leqsikis sim-

didresa da mravalferovnebaze migvaniSnebs Tundac is faqti,

rom zogierTi xilis uamravi saxeobaa cnobili lazurSi.

masala Sekrebilia TurqeTSi mcxovreb laz mosaxleobaSi,

kerZod, xofasa da makrealSi.

n an an an a n un un un u l i n ol i n ol i n ol i n o G aG aG aG a iiii d ed ed ed e l il il il i (baTumi. n. berZeniSvilis instituti)

ori kolori kolori kolori kolxuxuxuxuri GvTari GvTari GvTari GvTaeeeebis sabis sabis sabis saxexexexelis kvalis kvalis kvalis kvali ayali ayali ayali ayarulrulrulrulSiSiSiSi ((((nernernernerCiCiCiCi, , , , odoodoodoodoSiSiSiSi))))

kolxur GvTaebebs sapatio adgili eTmobaT qarTul war-

marTul panTeonSi. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba miwis GvTaeba nernernernerCiCiCiCi da mosavlis GvTaeba odiodiodiodi. maTi saxelebi, garda megrul-lazu-

risa, qarTuli enis TiTqmis Kvela dasavlur dialeqtSi fiq-

31

sirdeba da sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT gamoiKeneba. sitKva nernernernerCiCiCiCi gvaqvs ayarulSic da igi yurylis fskers aGniSnavs.

samegreloSi miwis GvTaebasTan dakavSirebiT mravali ri-

tuali tardeba, ZiriTadad, mSobiarisa da axalSobilis sake-

TildGeod. nernernernerCisCisCisCis, rogorc miwis GvTaebis TaKvaniscema, adre-ul xanaSi mTeli kolxuri samKarosaTvis unda KofiliKo dama-

xasiaTebeli. miwis kultTan dakavSirebuli msgavsi ritualebis

Catareba dgindeba ayarelTa KofaSic. Tumca TviTon GvTaebis

saxeli, rogorc Cans, mxolod yurylis fskeris aGmniSvnel

terminSia Semonaxuli. nernernernerCiCiCiCi zanizms unda warmoadgendes ro-gorc ayarulSi, ise sxva dialeqtebSic.

kolxTa miwis naKofierebis GmerTia odic. axlac popu-

larulia misi sagalobeli simGera odoodoodoodoiaiaiaia. odiodiodiodi-danaa nawarmoe-bi toponimi odiodiodiodiSicSicSicSic. transformacia ganicada maTma saxeleb-

mac. sulxan-sabasTan odiodiodiodi ukve `wvima-mzianiT nawKenobaa~. odiodiodiodi-dan nawarmoebi saxeli odoodoodoodoSiSiSiSi ki Semousvlel, `daujamebel~ na-

Kofs aGniSnavs. ayarulmac am mniSvnelobiT Semogvinaxa termi-

nebi odoodoodoodoSiSiSiSi da odoSodoSodoSodoSGeGeGeGeriririri (odojodojodojodojGeGeGeGeriririri). iv. JavaxiSvilis mosaz-

rebiT `odoodoodoodoSiSiSiSi yanuri fenisa da nakadis wvlili unda iKos sa-

mwerlobo qarTulSi~.

n in in in i k ok ok ok o l o z o T il o z o T il o z o T il o z o T i n a Sn a Sn a Sn a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i (gori. saxelmwifo universiteti)

sasasasaaaaammmmiiiilalalalaxoxoxoxoros daros daros daros davTris teqvTris teqvTris teqvTris teqstis mostis mostis mostis morforforforfolololologigigigiuuuuriririri TaTaTaTavivivivisesesesebubububurerererebabababanininini

saamilaxoros davTari aris meCvidmete saukunis meore

naxevris Zegli, romelic ZiriTadad tirofonis velisa da mdi-

nare lexuris qvemo welis mosaxleobis, soflebis aGweras isa-

xavs miznad. aqve warmodgenilia saamilaxoros aznaurTa, epis-

koposis KmaTa odenoba, amasTan aGniSnulia TiToeuli komli-

32

dan gamomsvlel molaSqreTa raodenoba, ama Tu im iaraGis

(Subi, Tofi) CvenebiT da sxva.

davTarSi fiqsirebulia adamianTa saxelebi, gvarebi, ge-

ografiuli saxelebi, ris Seswavlasac mravalmxrivi interesi

axlavs. udavoa, rom is pirvel rigSi enaTmecnieruli pozicie-

bidan unda iqnes ganxiluli, radgan anTroponimia da toponi-

mia leqsikologiis sferos ganekuTvneba da misi dargis _ ono-

mastikis Seswavlis sagania.

am droisaTvis Zeglis enis mixedviT irGveva enobrivi

trafaretebi da Tavs iCens diqleqtizmebi, romelic cocxal

metKvelebas efuZneba da asaxavs mniSvnelovan Taviseburebebs.

davTari Sinaarsobrivad mravalferovania da morfolo-

giuri warmoebis siuxviTac gamoirCeva.

CamoTvlil soflebs Kvela SemTxvevaSi SenarCunebuli

aqT ssss elementi. magaliTad: sofel rexs, veriTas, nawrets, ava-

zans, moxiss, berSoeTs...

KmaTa mflobelebis CamoTvlis dros saxelebsa da gvarebs

SenarCunebuli aqvT naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani: qumsis da be-

janis, KanCaelis, muraCaSvilis, basiliSvilis, samTavnelis, maG-

ranelis, liparitiSvilis...

gvarTa CamoTvlisas zogan SenarCunebulia savrcobi -a:

zurabisa, varamisa, biZina Javaxisa, zaalisa, Tamazisa...

davTarSi warmodgenilia qarTuli gvarebis mravalricxo-

vari Jgufi, romelTagan aGvniSnavT sadaurobis aGmniSvnel gva-

rebs, romelTac mawarmoeblad moudiT -elelelel sufiqsi. magali-

Tad: xevis Jvar-el-i molaSqre, jinval-el-i gamixardi, cxaot-

el-i ivana TofiT, maGran-el-i SubiT, imer-el-i papuna TofiT

da sxva. -elelelel sufiqss aqvs potencia dialeqtSi imave funqciiT

iqnes gamoKenebuli, rogorc -ur sufiqsi.

davTarSi CamoTvlilia aseulobiT gvar-saxeli, romelTa

umetesoba dGes aGar gvxvdeba mxareSi, magram maTi aGdgena Se-

iZleba. aseTebia: TurqiaSvili berika (berikaSvili), xiTariSvi-

li basila (basilaSvili), bzuriuli nadira (nadiraSvili). go-

33

CiaSvili gogia (goCiaSvili), xevisJvreli petria (petriaSvi-

li), bacqareli zaquta (zakutaSvili) da mravali sxva.

dokumentSi gvxvdeba moqmedebis aGmniSvneli anTroponi-

mebi, magaliTad: mindodaSvili, pirvarTaSvili, miKurodaSvili,

miSvelaSvili, gamcemliSvili, romlebic meti eqspresiulobiT

gamoirCevian.

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia sxva magaliTebic.

r ur ur ur u s us us us u d a n r ad a n r ad a n r ad a n r a m i Sm i Sm i Sm i S v iv iv iv i l i l i l i l i (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

sparsparsparsparsulsulsulsul----qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli enobli enobli enobli enobririririvi urvi urvi urvi urTTTTiiiiererererToToToTobebebebebi irabi irabi irabi iranisnisnisnis isisisislalalalamur resmur resmur resmur respubpubpubpublilililikakakakaSi mcxovSi mcxovSi mcxovSi mcxovrerererebi qarbi qarbi qarbi qarTveTveTveTvelelelelebisbisbisbis ((((fefefeferererereididididnenenenelelelelebisbisbisbis) ) ) ) memememetKvetKvetKvetKvelelelelebis mabis mabis mabis magagagagaliTliTliTliTze ze ze ze

sparsul-qarTul enobriv urTierTobebs xangrZlivi is-

toria aqvs. am xangrZlivma tradiciam nasesxebi leqsikuri da

frazeoligiuri erTeulebiT gadatvirTuli masalis arseboba

ganapiroba qarTul enaSi. sparsul-qarTul enobriv urTier-

TobaTa Seswavlisas saTanado adgili unda daeTmos fereidnu-

li masalis analizs. am qarTuli dialeqtis Tavisebureba Sepi-

robebulia sparsul enasTan da iranul KofiT da kulturul

garemosTan xangrZlivi da uSualo urTierTobiT.

fereidnuli qarTuli enis erT-erTi dialeqtia. masze

metKveleben iranis islamuri respublikis erT-erT provincia-

Si _ fereidanSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi. dGes iranSi qarTve-

lebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebuli erTaderTi raionia fereida-

ni. fereidnidan Camosaxlebuli qarTvelebi cxovroben agreTve

TeiranSi, ispahansa da sxva qalaqebSi.

adgilobriv mkvidrTa cnobiT, dGes fereidanSi 50000-

mde qarTulad molaparake adamiani saxlobs. oficialuri ena

sparsulia, xolo qarTuli funqcionirebs, rogorc oJaxis, Si-

34

nauri urTierTobebis ena. fereidneli qarTvelebi srul izo-

laciaSi aGmoCdnen mSobliuri garemodan. TiTqmis sami sauku-

nis ganmavlobaSi aranairi kontaqti ar hqoniaT mSobliur ga-

remosTan. fereidnulis srulma izolaciam qarTuli samwerlo

enisa da dialeqtebisagan, amave dros, struqturulad gansxva-

vebul enobriv garemoSi moxvedram ganapiroba masSi moqmedi

sxvadasxva xasiaTis tendenciebi. SeiniSneba nasesxobaT didi

raodenoba, interferentuli movlenebi.

Cveni kvleva emKareba 2008 wlis oqtomber-noembersa da

2009 wlis martSi iranis islamur respublikaSi mivlinebisas

Caweril masalas, romlis analizisas TvalSi sacemia nasesxoba-

Ta didi raodenoba, gvxvdeba zmnis analizuri formebi (rac

sparsulisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli), kalkirebuli frazebi.

movixmob konkretul masalas, rac ufro mkafiosa da xelSesa-

xebs gaxdis enobriv urTierTobaTa meqanizms.

zmnis analizuri formebi: fereidn. bevri eTeeTeeTeeTeфaKeaKeaKeaKebi Cabi Cabi Cabi Ca----

varvarvarvarda da da da = spars. etefaq oftādanādanādanādan “damarTeba~, `moxdoma~ (etefaq “mo-

vlena~, `SemTxveva~. oftādanādanādanādan `dacema~, `Cavardna~); fereidn. To-

lebi amaamaamaamali mili mili mili miqniaqniaqniaqnia = spars. amal kardan “moqmedeba~, `operaciis

gakeTeba~ (amal `saqcieli~, `Sroma~, `muSaoba~, kardan `keTeba~);

fereidn. zahzahzahzahmaTs ezimaTs ezimaTs ezimaTs ezidedededebisbisbisbis = spars. zahmat keššššidan `Sroma~,

`muSaoba~, zahmat `Sroma~, `muSaoba~, `Zala~, `Gone~. Keššššidan `gaweva~, `gaqaCva~).

rogorc zemoT moKvanili magaliTebidan Cans, iraneli

qarTvelebis metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba analizuri warmoebis zmne-

bi, rac sparsuli enis gavlenaa, magram vxvdebiT sapirispiro

SemTxvevebsac (SedarebiT iSviaTad) : sparsuli analizuri

warmoebis zmnis saxeluri nawili moqceulia qarTuli organu-

li warmoebis zmnis KalibSi: fereidn. gagagagavavavavafafafafaqoTqoTqoTqoT = spars. pāk āk āk āk

karkarkarkardan dan dan dan `gasufTaveba~, `gawmenda~ (spars. pāk āk āk āk `sufTa~, `wminda~,

karkarkarkardan dan dan dan `keTeba~); fereidn. dadadadavavavavafifififiaaaade de de de = spars. piyādeādeādeāde kar kar kar kardan dan dan dan

`Camosvla~, `CamoqveiTeba~ (piyāde āde āde āde `qveiTi~, karkarkarkardan dan dan dan `keTeba~) da

sxva mravali SemTxveva.

35

i z o li z o li z o li z o l d a r ud a r ud a r ud a r u s as as as a Z e Z e Z e Z e (quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

lalalalado bzvado bzvado bzvado bzvanenenenelis milis milis milis mier moer moer moer mopopopopovevevevebubububulililili imeimeimeimerurururuli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisikiskiskiskisTvisTvisTvisTvis

1. gazeT "Temisa" da "saxalxo saqmis" mudmivi TanamSrome-

li, jurnalisti lado bzvaneli iKo akaki wereTlis Tanamgzav-

ri raya-leCxumSi mogzaurobis dros da poetis mematiane. man

maSinve aGwera presaSi akakis mogzauroba da krebulic gamosca

(lado bzvaneli, akakis mogzauroba raya-leCxumSi, quTaisi,

gamocema d. SaraSeniZisa, 1912, 187 gv.). daculia saJaro, leni-

nis saxelobis moskovis saJaro, saldikov-SCedrinis saxelobis

peterburgis saJaro da akademiis biblioTekebSi (miTiTebulia

qarTul wignSi, t. I, biblografia, 1629-1920, Tb., 1941, gv.

355, # 4070).

lado bzvaneli, igive vladimer qristefores Ze nacvliS-

vili, akakis mogzaurobas gazeTebSi "mgosnis mxleblis" fsev-

donimiT aqveKnebda (gazeTi "sitKva da saqme", 1943, #7).

iKo qarTuli enis moyirnaxule. aqtiurad monawileobda

literaturul-mwignobruli saqmianobis ganviTarebaSi.

2. 1900 wlis 8 agvistos gazeT "iveriaSi" (gamomcemeli

ilia yavyavaZe, droebiTi redaqtori v. a. sulxaniSvili, stamba

m. SaraZisa), #172, daibeyda lado bzvanelis mier mopovebuli

imeruli dialeqtis leqsikuri erTeulebi saTauriT: "qarTu-

li enis saunJis masalad". sitKvebi avtors Sekrebili aqvs ime-

reTSi; sul ganmartebulia sam aTeulamde leqsikuri erTeuli.

dabeydili masala anbanze gawKobili ar aris.

3. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis Sedgenis dros

lado bzvanelis mier "iveriaSi" dabeydili saleqsikono masa-

laTa garkveuli raodenoba gaTvaliswinebuli saerTod ar

aris.

4. zogierTi sitKva, lado bzvanelis mier mopovebuli,

qegl-Si sxvagvarad aris axsnili. magaliTad: lenCi, laKuni,

JanJali, rokapi, gamowKvetili, fraxi... lado bzvanelis ganmar-

36

tebani am leqsikur erTeulebTan ugulebelKofilia, sinamdvi-

leSi _ gasaTvaliswinebeli.

5. ramdenime leqsikuri erTeuli (galaqlaqebuli _ ur-

cxvi molaparake; akvarCxaleba _ wKlis aduGeba; mesoflia _

sofelSi usaqmod Kiali Tavis Sesaqcevad; dabarZGuli _ daba-

li tanis maxinJi kaci) dadasturebulia qegl-Si da ganmarte-

bac iseTivea, rogorc bzvanels ganumartavs 1900 wels, magram

qegli miuTiTebs ilia yKonias (yKoniam leqsikoni 1910 wels

gamosca), lado bzvanelis masala ki ar Cans.

6. sasurvelia dokumenturi pirvelwKaros masala ganmar-

tebiTi leqsikonis II da danarCeni tomebis gamosvlamde am leq-

sikonebSi Sesworebuli saxiT Sevides.

7. moxsenebaSi vrclad iqneba warmodgenili lado bzvane-

lis imereTSi mopovebuli saleqsikono masala.

r ur ur ur u s us us us u d a n s a G i n ad a n s a G i n ad a n s a G i n ad a n s a G i n a Z eZ eZ eZ e (quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

fofofofonenenenetitititikukukukurad Serad Serad Serad Sepipipipirorororobebebebebubububuli forli forli forli formobmobmobmobrivrivrivriv----sesesesemanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri ri ri ri vavavavaririririanananantetetetebi qarbi qarbi qarbi qarTulTulTulTulSi Si Si Si

1. enis normalizaciis dros, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca

mocile formaTagan erT-erTs unda mieniyos upiratesoba, au-

cilebelia formaTa semantikuri diferenciaciis principis ga-

Tvaliswineba. igi moqmedebs enis sistemis Kvela rgolSi, nebis-

mier (fonetikur, morfologiur...) doneze da xels uwKobs

enobriv erTeulTa warmoqmna-damkvidrebas.

2. formobriv-semantikuri variantebis gaCenis erT-erTi

motivacia SeiZleba iKos fonetikuri. ama Tu im fonetikuri

movlenis _ bgeris dakargvis, CarTvis, SerwKmis, metaTezisis,

substituciis... Sedegad Cndeba parareluri formebi, romel-

Tagan ena zogJer upiratesobas aniyebs erT-erTs da akanonebs,

37

xolo zogJer normis TvalsazrisiT miuGebel formas ki ar

uarKofs, aramed iKenebs leqsikis gasamdidreblad, aniyebs gan-

sxvavebul semantikas da amkvidrebs amosavali kanonzomieri

formis gverdiT.

3. fonetikurad aris Sepirobebuli iseTi fuZeebi, rogo-

ricaa:

pativeb/patieb: pativeb>patieb. sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi

mocemulia amosavali forma ipativa = pativi daidva (saba,

331). igi Semonaxulia imerulSi, oGond gansxvavebuli semanti-

kiT, niSnavs dacvas. magaliTad: wiwilebi qorisgan ver ipativa.

qegl-is mixedviT:

a. apatiebs _ grdm. danaSaulisTvis ar dasJis. gTxovT ma-

patioT! apaties melasao, moumata kbenasao. Sdr. ipatiebs, epa-

tieba, patieba, patiebuli, napatiebi, sapatiebeli, upatiebeli

(qegl, 72);

b. apativebs ix. gaapativebs. Sdr. napativebi (iqve); gaapati-

vebs (awmKo apativebs) _ grdm. pativs, sasuqs daaKris, gaanoKie-

rebs. venaxs g. Sdr. gapativeba, gapativebuli (qegl, 148). arc

qegl-Si da arc v. Tofuria, iv. gigineiSvilis `qarTuli enis

orTografiul leqsikonSi~ ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli apati-

vebs zmnis sxva mniSvneloba, romelic dasturdeba imerulSi:

gaasuqebs, bevrs aymevs: saqonels apativebs; napativebi (=nasuqi)

saqoneli;

civeb/cieb: civeb>cieb. qegl-is mixedviT:

a. gaciveba (<civi) _ 1. saxeli gaacivebs, gacivdeba zmnaTa

moqmedebisa. 2. sasunTqi milebis lorwovani garsebis anTebiT

avad gaxdoma; gacivebuli 1. rac gacivda (miSvn.1), rac gauciv-

daT. 2. vinc gacivda (mniSvn. 2) (qegl, 309);

b. gacieba (<cieba) _ qegl-Si dasturdeba mxolod zmnuri

formis ganmarteba (gaacivebs zmnis win): gaaciebs _ 1. ciebis,

malariis Seteva mouvlis. 2. gadat. kankali autKdeba (SiSisa-

gan...), gaajrjolebs... Sdr. gacieba (qegl, 155).

civeb/cieb fuZeTa semantikuri gamiJvna asaxulia sasaubro

enaSi gavrcelebul gamoTqmebSic: erTi mxriv aris: aciebs da

38

acxelebs = SiSiT kankali aqvs atexili (Sdr. cieba) (qegl,

105); meore mxriv: arc acivebs, arc acxelebs = erTbaSad

gadawKvets (da Seasrulebs kidevac) rasme (iqve).

zogJer sasaubro enasa da dialeqtebSi -eb sufiqsis wina v

dakargulia, darGveulia norma, romlis mixedviTac unda iKos:

gacieba _ ga(a)ciebs _ gaciebuli

gaciveba _ ga(a)civebs _ gacivebuli (qegl, 184);

Zieb/Zeb: Zvel qarTulSi iKo Zieb zmnuri fuZe: `rasa eZieb~

(i. 4, 27); `romeli eZiebn, pois~ (m. 7, 8). XI saukunidan weri-

lobiT ZeglebSi dasturdeba Zeb (i xmovandakarguli varianti):

`romeli-igi ses Axsa mas eZebn~ ( -135, 5 r, 6-7). Zeb aris gaba-

tonebuli `vefxistKaosanSi~, agreTve momdevno xanis teqsteb-

Sic. rogorc z. sarJvelaZe miuTiTebs, cocxal metKvelebaSi

fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegad gabatonda Zeb fuZe, romelic

XI saukunidan saliteraturo enaSic damkvidrda (z. sarJvelaZe,

1984, 459). mocemul SemTxvevaSi axali formis gaCena foneti-

kur niadagze moxda. igi erTxans, bunebrivia, arsebobda imave

mniSvnelobis amosavali fuZis paralelurad, magram droTa

ganmavlobaSi enam moaxdina formaTa semantikuri diferencireba.

Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulSi damkvidrebulia er-

Ti mxriv: Zieba _ gamoZieba, moZieba, CaZieba, agreTve: maZiebeli,

gamomZiebeli, momZiebeli, CamZiebeli; meore mxriv: Zebna _ mo-

Zebna, daZebna, gamoZebna, agreTve: mZebneli (Sdr., maZebari/meZe-

bari), momZebneli, damZebneli, gamomZebneli.

dGes Zieb fuZes sul sxva semantikuri elferi aqvs, Tumca

qegl-is mixedviT eZebs/eZiebs zmnaTa Soris gansxvaveba mkveTrad

gamiJnuli ar aris: eZebs _ grdm. 1. cdilobs ipovos, monaxos

rame, vinme, miagnos rasme, visme... 2. igivea, rac eZiebs (mniSv.

2); eZiebs _ grdm. (wign.) 1. igivea, rac eZebs (mniSvn. 1). mi-

zezs e. 2. cdilobs moipovos rame, miaGwios rasme... saxels

eZiebs... (qegl, 1990, 489).

Zveli Zieb (<Zi[v]/Ze[v]) amosavali mniSvnelobiT Semonaxu-

lia qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi. magaliTad: Ziobs _ grduv. ix.

iZiebs (qegl, 1181). Ziobs dialeqturi forma, Cveni azriT, ga-

39

Cenili unda iKos SedarebiT mogvianebiT, swored formaTa se-

mantikuri gamiJvnisa da damkvidrebis procesSi. imerulSi das-

turdeba veZie (=veZebe), mo-vZie (=movZebne)/da-vZie (=da-vZebne) _

mo-Zie (mo-Zebne)/da-Zie (=da-Zebne) _ mo-Zia (=moZebna)/da-Zia

(=da-Zebna); gurulSi daculia saanalizo fuZis uZvelesi for-

ma moZeva (<Ze[v]). misi semantika gansxvavebulia: niSnavs povnas:

`erTi racxa moviZie da ar getKvi!~ (g. SaraS.). uZvelesi fuZe

aris daculi imerulis moZeveba formaSic: araferi ar momeZe-

veba (ar momepoveba, ar meSoveba, ar moiZebneba). rogorc Cans,

dialeqtebSic gaCnda tendencia formobriv-semantikuri dife-

renciaciisa. mocemul SemTxvevaSi es moxda ara sistemis imave

rgolSi (dialeqtSi), aramed sxva rgolTan (saliteraturo

enasTan) mimarTebiT;

4. zogJer formaTa semantikuri diferenciaciis safuZveli

fonetikurTan erTad SeiZleba iKos morfologiuric. amis

kargi magaliTia o da u xmovnebis win I subieqturi niSnis is-

toria. v- prefiqsTan dakavSirebuli norma gansxvavebulia V-IX

saukuneTa werilobiT ZeglebSi. xanmet da haemet teqstebSi o

da u xmovnebiT dawKebul zmnaTa I-II subieqtur pirTa formebi

gamiJnulia x-/h- prefiqsebiT, amitom I subieqturi piris niSani

bagismier bgeraTa gverdiT aris nuli anu niSani dakargulia

fonetikur niadagze: me uwKi, me ocnebob (Sdr.: Sen xuwKi, Sen

xocnebob)... IX saukunidan, roca h- gaqra xmovnebis win, moxda

aGniSnul pirTa formebis damTxveva: me uwKi _ Sen uwKi, me

ocnebob _ Sen ocnebob... morfologiuri principiT aGdga v-

da normad iqca imave poziciaSi, romelSic ramdenime saukunis

winaT fonetikur niadagze daikarga igi. mas Semdeg v- normaa

o da u xmovnebiT dawKebul zmnebSi. maSasadame, is, rac dai-

karga fonetikur niadagze, aGdga morfologiuri principiT

da ase moxda formaTa semantikuri diferenciacia.

aGniSnuli principi leqsikuri fondis gamdidrebis erT-

erTi saSualebac aris.

40

Ì Ä Ã Ä À Ó À Ù Ë É À Í É (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti) ËÀ-, ÀÍ-, ÀÃ-, ÄÓ- ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÈÀ ÃÉÓÔÒÉÁÖÝÉÖËÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÀÒÓÄÁÏÁÓ ÆÌÍÉÓ-

ßÉÍÈÀ ÏÒÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÒÉÂÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÌÏÒ×ÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÈ.

ÐÉÒÅÄË ÌÀÈÂÀÍÛÉ ÄÒÈÉÀÍÃÄÁÀ ËÀ-, ÀÍ-, ÀÃ-, ÄÓ-, áÏËÏ ÌÄÏÒÄÛÉ _

ÑÉ, ÜÖ, ÓÂÀ, ØÀ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉ. ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ ÉÓÉÝ, ÒÏÌ ÐÉÒÉÓ ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÀÈÀ

ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÍÀßÉËÄÁÀÆÄ ÌáÏËÏÃ ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ ÒÉÂÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉ

ÀáÃÄÍÄÍ ÂÀÅËÄÍÀÓ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ (ËÀ-, ÀÍ-, ÀÃ-, ÄÓ-)

ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÄÒÈÍÀÉÒÀÃ ÀÒÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ (Å.

ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ, ÀË. ÏÍÉÀÍÉ).

ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÚÏ×ÉËÉÀ ÀÌ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÈÀ

ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÍÀßÉËÄÁÉÓ ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ÆÏÂÀÃÉ ßÄÓÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀÂÀÍÀÝ

ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ ÏÒÉ ßÄÓÉ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÈÀ áÌÏÅÀÍ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÄÁÓ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ,

ÃÀÍÀÒÜÄÍÉ ÊÉ ÈÀÍáÌÏÅÀÍ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÈÀ ÍÀÉÒÓÀáÄÏÁÀÓ, ÀÍ ÌÀÈ ØÏÍÄÁÀ-

ÖØÏÍËÏÁÀÓ (ÀË. ÏÍÉÀÍÉ). ÓßÏÒÄÃ ÀÌ ßÄÓÄÁÉÃÀÍ ÀÌÏÓÅËÉÈ ÛÄÓÀÞ-

ËÄÁÄËÉÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉÓ, ÉÓÄ ÐÉÒÉÓ ÍÉÛÍÄÁÉÓ ÃÉÓÔÒÉÁÖÝÉÖ-

ËÉ ÃÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÀ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÅÉÍÀÉÃÀÍ ÐÉÒÉÓ ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÀÈÀ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÄÁÉÓ

ÂÀÍÀßÉËÄÁÀ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÄÁÆÄÝ ÀÓÄÅÄ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÍÀÃ ÀÒÉÓ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖ-

ËÉ, ÈÀÍÀÝ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÈÀ ÆÏÂÉ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×É ÐÉÒÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌáÀÔÅÄËÀÃÀÝ

ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉØÍÄÓ ÌÉÜÍÄÖËÉ, ÀØÄÃÀÍ ÂÀÌÏÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ, ßÉÍÀÌÃÄÁÀÒÄ

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ, ÀË. ÏÍÉÀÍÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ ÛÄÌÖÛÀÅÄÁÖË ÆÏÂÀÃ ßÄÓÄÁÆÄ

ÃÀÚÒÃÍÏÁÉÈ, ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÈÀ ÃÉÓÔÒÉÁÖÝÉÖË ÀÍÀËÉÆÓÀÝ ßÀÒÌÏÅÀÃÂÄÍÈ,

ÒÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÀÃÀÝ ÉÒÊÅÄÅÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓÀÀÍÀËÉÆÏ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍÈÀ (ËÀ-, ÀÍ-, ÀÃ-,

ÄÓ-) ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÍÀßÉËÄÁÉÓ ÓÖÒÀÈÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ

ÊÉËÏÊÀÅÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÓÒÖËÉÀÃ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖËÉÀ. ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏÀ ÉÓÉÝ,

ÒÏÌ ÓáÅÀÏÁÀÓ ÀØÅÓ ÀÃÂÉËÉ ÈÅÉÈ ÄÒÈÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓ ÛÉÂÍÉÈÀÝ ÊÉ.

41

T e d o u T u r g a i Z eT e d o u T u r g a i Z eT e d o u T u r g a i Z eT e d o u T u r g a i Z e (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

qarTuli dialeqtebis daJgufeba qarTuli dialeqtebis daJgufeba qarTuli dialeqtebis daJgufeba qarTuli dialeqtebis daJgufeba S2----isa isa isa isa O3----isisisis morfonologiur cvlilebaTa mixedviTmorfonologiur cvlilebaTa mixedviTmorfonologiur cvlilebaTa mixedviTmorfonologiur cvlilebaTa mixedviT

a. SaniZem 1920 wels S2-isa O3-is { h-} `saerTo qarTulis~

prototipul saxed miiCnia. Cven am debulebas vemKarebiT.

1920 welsve a. SaniZem scada qarTuli dialeqtebis klasi-

fikacia { h-} morfemis fonetikur cvlilebaTa mixedviT, ker-

Zod, qarTuli dialeqtebi Jer gaKo or did Jgufad: aGmosav-

lur da dasavlur dialeqtebad; Semdegi daKofa ki moaxdina

aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebSi: (1) Tu S-is cvli-

lebebs miviGebT saklasifikacio niSnad, qarTluri daupiris-

pirdeba Kvela danarCens; (2) Tu pirdapiri obieqtis mesame

piris niSnis xmarebas miviGebT mxedvelobaSi, maSin xevsuruli

daupirispirdeba Kvela danarCens.

dasavluri dialeqtebi imiT daupirispirda aGmosavlur

dialeqtTa Jgufs, rom meore piris subieqtisa da mesame piris

obieqtis prefiqsis xmarebis sakiTxi dasavlur kiloebSi sul

ubralod aris gadawKvetili: sxvadasxva mizezis gamo aq dai-

karga erTi prefiqsic da meorec.

amave saklasifikacio niSnebiT Cven gamovKofT dialeqtTa

sam Jgufs: pirvel JgufSi erTiandeba qarTluri da kaxuri,

meore JgufSi aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebi da

samxrul-dasavluri dialeqtebi, mesame JgufSi fSauri da

mTiulur-gudamaKruli.

Cveni klasifikaciac { h-} -s morfonologiur cvlilebebs

emKareba.

42

n an an an a T eT eT eT e l a f a rl a f a rl a f a rl a f a r t et et et e n an an an a Z eZ eZ eZ e (baTumi. S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti)

momomomo---- da Se da Se da Se da Se---- zmnis zmnis zmnis zmniswinwinwinwinTa vaTa vaTa vaTa variriririanananantetetetebi Cvebi Cvebi Cvebi Cvenenenenebubububurerererebis bis bis bis metKvemetKvemetKvemetKvelelelelebabababaSiSiSiSi

momomomo---- da Se Se Se Se---- zmniswinebi CveneburTa metKvelebaSi mravalfe-

rovnebiT gamoirCeva. isini TiTqmis Kvela SesaZlo formiT

dasturdeba. momomomo---- zmniswinis dialeqturi variantebia mamamama----, , , , memememe----, , , ,

mimimimi----, , , , mumumumu----.... SeSeSeSe----zmniswinisa ki _ SaSaSaSa----, , , , SuSuSuSu----, , , , SiSiSiSi---- da So da So da So da So-. am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT, Tu romeli zmniswinia pirveladi, enaTmecnierTa

Soris nairgvari Sexeduleba arsebobs. kerZod: k. gabunia

aGniSnavs, rom qarTuli enisaTvis ar unda iKos dauSvebeli

mamamama----› › › › momomomo---- gadasvla da ar gamoricxavs, rom momomomo----zmniswiniseuli oooo′′′′

SeiZleba miGebuli iKos winamavali sonantis mier asimilaciiT

[k. gabunia, zmnissarTis warmoeba da funqciebi qarTvelur

enebSi, Tb., 1993, 47].

mamamama----zmniswinis momomomo-Si gadasvla, _ dasZens k. gabunia, _ sakma-

od Zveli procesi unda iKos, radgan Cvenamde moGweul uZve-

les literaturul ZeglebSi momomomo---- zmniswini fiqsirdeba. aseTi-

ve daskvnamde mivida a. martirosovi [a.martirosovi, zmniswine-

bis Sedgeniloba da misi pirveladi funqciebi Zvel qarTulSi,

ike, t.5, Tb., 1953,82].

g. gogolaSvili aGniSnavs, rom zmniswiniseul xmovanTa

cvlis zogadi kanonzomierebisa da mamamama---- da SaSaSaSa---- variantTa ga-

vrcelebis arealis gaTvaliswineba, marTalia, mxars uyers aaaa----

xmovniani variantebis pirveladobas ((((mamamama----››››momomomo----; ; ; ; SaSaSaSa----››››SeSeSeSe)))),,,, magram Zne-

li gasaziarebelia Tvalsazrisi imis Taobaze, rom aaaa′′′′ xmovani

variantebi Tanamedrove dialeqtebSi meoreulia _ fonetikur

niadagze miGebuli ((((momomomo----››››mamamama----; ; ; ; SeSeSeSe----››››SaSaSaSa).).).).

avtoris TqmiT, `unda davuSvaT: uZveles qarTulSi dia-

leqtTa erT JgufSi (an erT dialeqtSi) qarTuli enis aGmo-

savlur (an Crdilo-aGmosavlur) arealSi gvqonda mamamama---- da Sa Sa Sa Sa----

variantebi; dialeqtTa meore JgufSi (an meore dialeqtSi), sa-

43

varaudoa samxrul-dasavlur ( SeiZleba aGmosavleTis barSic)

arealSi moxda mamamama----››››momomomo----; ; ; ; SaSaSaSa----››››SeSeSeSe procesi. Sesabamisad iKo ori di-

aleqturi wre mamamama----////SaSaSaSa----da mo mo mo mo----////SeSeSeSe---- variantebiT. saliteraturo

ena daemKara im dialeqts (Tu daileqtTa wres), sadac meoreu-

li varianti iKo~ [g. gogolaSvili, moda Se- zmniswinTa a

xmovniani variantebis Taobaze qarTulSi _ b.JorbenaZis sazo-

gadoebis V samecniero konferenciis masalebi, Tb., 1998, 12-13].

aseve, mamamama----,,,, SaSaSaSa---- variantebis pirveladobas uyeren mxars: dee-

tersi [G.Deeters, das khartvelische verbum, Leipzig, 1931,10-11],

T. gamKreliZe, [sibilantTa SesatKvisobani da qarTvelur ena-

Ta uZvelesi struqturis zogi sakiTxi, Tb.,1959, 56] da sxv.

gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba aqvT T. uTurgaiZes, [qarTuli enis

fonematuri struqtura, Tb., 1976,15], arn. Ciqobqvas [fereidnu-

lis mTavari Taviseburebani, tum, №7, Tb., 1927,210], g. cocaniZes

[preverbebis, Se- da Sa- dialeqturi variantebis istoriuli Se-

madgenlobis sakiTxebi, macne, 1976, №1, 123-124], i. veSapiZes [zmnis-

wini Zvel qarTul enaSi, Tb., 1967,88], S.ZiZigurs [dialeqtologi-

uri Ziebani, Tb., 1952,108], T. lorTqifaniZes [mi- da mo- zmniswin-

Ta funqciur _ semantikuri analizi qvemo imerulSi, qarTvelur

enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, VIII, 1998,20] da sxv.

erTi ram faqtia, rom Tu momomomo---- zmniswinisTvis amosavali mamamama----

formaa, gadasvla sakmaod didi xnis win unda momxdariKo, rad-

gan Cvenamde moGweul uZveles werilobiT ZeglebSi ukve momomomo----

zmniswinia damkvidrebuli [n. fartenaZe, zmniswini saSual qar-

TulSi, baTumi, 2009,41].

rogorc ukve aGvniSneT, Cveneburebis metKvelebaSi momomomo---- da

SeSeSeSe---- zmniswinTa Kvela SesaZlo varianti dasturdeba. kerZod::::

memememe----: : : : memememe----ikiikiikiikiTxav Txav Txav Txav da vincxai daqxdebiano (S. futkaraZe, Cve-

neb.qarT,23); saxlSi memememe----ixixixixdisdisdisdis qud..( iqve,26); amxanagi memememe----iKvaiKvaiKvaiKvanaonaonaonao((((iq-

ve,32)))); ; ; ; gaval memememe----vsvevsvevsvevsvenef nef nef nef da memre wamual (iqve,32); xeli waatana

memememe----memememeciociociocio(iqve,33); itKvian simZime memememe----gegegegemamamamatetetetebaobaobaobao (iqve,34); Tu ar memememe----

ixixixixmamamamaririririefefefef,,,, raT ginda? (iqve,34); amisisxuani baGvebi ra dros memememe----gesgesgesges----

traotraotraotrao (iqve,44); memememe----vtanTvtanTvtanTvtanT saxlis ozoSi (iqve,46); umudi memememe----iwKviiwKviiwKviiwKvi----

44

totototonananana avatKofidan (iqve,47); karTan fexi memememe----ikeikeikeikecaocaocaocao(iqve,48); Cueni

nazoi papoSnikelSuqriama memememe----ipaipaipaiparaoraoraorao (iqve,61); saGamos memememe----iKuaiKuaiKuaiKuanananana

Txebi (iqve,66); muxlebi memememe----ikakikakikakikakvisvisvisvis, weli memememe----ikikikikakakakakvisvisvisvis............ (iqve,71); iman-

na memememe----memememexmaxmaxmaxmarosrosrosros (iqve,88); xoJamac mi-ixeda-memememe----ixeixeixeixedadadada (iqve,112); erT

qufelai memememe----memememecicicici (iqve,115)...

mumumumu----: : : : mengenebiT mumumumu----uyiuyiuyiuyirefrefrefref, , , , wamua wveni...(iqve,21); zamTari

mumumumu----axaxaxaxlolololoeeeebibibibixanxanxanxan kidven dazel (iqve,22); heralda adre mumumumu----ukukukukdadadada

kaci (iqve,29); is mumumumu----ubamsubamsubamsubams xeze (iqve,33); martis nacar mumumumu----

aKriaKriaKriaKrianananan Tesvelobaze…kai tarosi Tu ari, mumumumu----asasasaswrobTwrobTwrobTwrobT daTesvas

(iqve,34);

vis mumumumu----uKvauKvauKvauKvanianianiania, abli? (iqve,34);aTavdeba sami iuxa, kiduen mumumumu----

aKaroaKaroaKaroaKaronananana (iqve,37); mumumumu----ucaucaucaucadesdesdesdes gaTenebas (iqve,39); racxa mumumumu----unununundedededebabababa

(iqve,40); tirili mumumumu----uxuxuxuxtetetetebabababa (iqve,40); bursaSi mumumumu----uceuceuceucemimimimian an an an sofle-

bi (iqve,42); GmerT mumumumu----uceuceuceucemiamiamiamia Svilebi (iqve,47); Kvelamferi CaKares

qvabSi, mumumumu----aduGesaduGesaduGesaduGes da yames (iqve,59); xaloba mumumumu----aruaruaruarunienienienie da aqamde

mumumumu----eliTeliTeliTeliT (106); ramdenJel mival- mumumumu----alalalal (iqve,107)...

Cveneburebis metKvelebaSi SedarebiT naklebad, magram ma-

inc gvxvdeba mamamama---- zmniswiniani formebi, romelic ucxoa sa-

mxrul-dasavluri dialeqtebisTvis. es movlena SeiZleba polo-

tikur _ ekonomikuri faqtoriTac aixsnas.

mamamama----:::: dirTamdi gavaGebT...mamamama----gagagagastrostrostrostrobenbenbenben qalebi (iqve,36); mamamama----

gagagagaririririgebTgebTgebTgebT axla...( iqve,89).

SaSaSaSa- zmniswini mamamama---- zmniswinisagan gansxvavebiT aqtiuria da

es asec iKo mosalodneli

SaSaSaSa----:::: rois SaSaSaSa----gimgimgimgimsisisisianananan sapaiJo? ( iqve,23); wKal SaSaSaSa----vaSvaSvaSvaSxexexexefeffeffeffef...

(iqve,27); ama memre SaSaSaSa----ariariariarigesgesgesges aT welkan (iqve,61); ar SaSaSaSa----ararararcxvicxvicxvicxvi----

nosnosnosnos im dunias (iqve,101); SaSaSaSa----mamamamacicicicivavavava, damaxurevi-meTqi (iqve,103);

xareb dilaze gavaZGobdi da SaSaSaSa----vavavavabembembembemdidididi (iqve,104)...

sainteresoa rTuli SemoSemoSemoSemo---- zmniswinis nairsaxeoba, romlis

meore nawilSi momomomo---- zmniswinis Kvela SesaZlo varianti dastur-

deba: harams saxlSi ar SaSaSaSamemememe----itansitansitansitans (iqve,87); SaSaSaSamemememe----viviviviaaaareTreTreTreT ia? (

iqve,89); Tualebi tkivili SaSaSaSamomomomo-memememeCviaCviaCviaCvia (iqve,89); xandexan Zalian

SaSaSaSamomomomo----memememexoxoxoxovavavava fexebze (iqve,89); SaSaSaSamemememe----iKuaniKuaniKuaniKuandendendenden saxlSi (iqve,93);

SaSaSaSamumumumu----uTuTuTuTvavavavalalalala istambul gamomslelebsa(iqve,105)...

45

SiSiSiSi----:::: katam cecxli deinaxa, SiSiSiSi----eSineSineSineSindadadada (iqve,26); ameGam Tqu-

en saxlSi SiSiSiSi----miKvamiKvamiKvamiKvaioioioio (iqve,30);

SiSiSiSi----miKuarmiKuarmiKuarmiKuardadadada Kvelai (iqve,58); memre dedofalTan SiSiSiSi----agagagag----

debdebdebdebdendendenden siZes (iqve,93); qal-baGvs SiSiSiSi----mimimimiwuwuwuwuxexexexebenbenbenben (iqve,98); ama ze-

iT bevri ar SiSiSiSi----mimimimixexexexedavsdavsdavsdavs (iqve,105)...

SuSuSuSu----:::: afxazsa SuSuSuSu----uxeuxeuxeuxediadiadiadia (iqve,64); erTi-ori kari ver SuSuSuSu----

ukiukiukiukidaodaodaodao (iqve,64); kargaT SuSuSuSu----uxeuxeuxeuxedavsdavsdavsdavs (iqve,95); deiGala dedem

da SuSuSuSu----uTuTuTuTvavavavalalalala memleqeTSi (iqve,98); Citi SuSuSuSu----ugugugugdidididianananan alTunis

KefeSi (iqve,100); gonJi TualiT ar SuSuSuSu----uxeduxeduxeduxedvanvanvanvan (iqve,101)...

sainteresoa agreTve is garemoebac, rom SeSeSeSe---- zmniswinis

SoSoSoSo---- varianti, romelic aqtiuria samxrul _ dasavlur dia-

leqtebSi Cveneburebis metKvelebaSi TiTqmis ar dasturdeba.

Tuki vTvliT rom mamamama----››››momomomo----; ; ; ; SaSaSaSa----››››SeSeSeSe,,,, memememe----, , , , mumumumu----, , , , mimimimi----,,,,SiSiSiSi----,,,,SuSuSuSu---- zmniswi-

nebi aSkara fonetikur niadagzea warmoqmnili, radgan xmovani ele-

mentebi e′′′′,u′′′′,i′ ′ ′ ′ ,,,, a′′′′ variantisagan gansxavebiT dialeqtis kuTvnilebaa.

momomomo---- da SeSeSeSe---- zmniswinian formaTa aseTi mravalferovneba ki muhaJir-

Ta metKvelebis Taviseburebad unda miviCnioT.

m a m i a f am a m i a f am a m i a f am a m i a f a GGGG a v aa v aa v aa v a

(baTumi. S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti)

n a r g i z a s u r m a v an a r g i z a s u r m a v an a r g i z a s u r m a v an a r g i z a s u r m a v a


m e r i c i n c a Z em e r i c i n c a Z em e r i c i n c a Z em e r i c i n c a Z e

(baTumi. S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti)

eqspedicieqspedicieqspedicieqspedicia SavSeTSi a SavSeTSi a SavSeTSi a SavSeTSi

1. eqspedicia moewKo proeqtebis - `SavSeTi~ da `saqarTve-

los lingvisturi portreti~ (rusTavelis fondi) farglebSi.

vimuSaveT SavSeTis 22 qarTulad molaparake sofelSi. Caviwe-

reT daaxloebiT 40 sT-is odenobis video da audiomasala

sxvadasxva asakis, sqesisa da ganaTlebis mqone pirTagan.

46

xazgasasmelia, rom adgilTa qarTuli dasaxelebani _ oi-

konimia da mikrotoponimia _ dGesac cocxali da moqmedia.

SavSeTis soflebi geografiulad maGalmTian zolSia gan-

fenili, rac ganapirobebs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis aqtiur

Sidamigraciul da urbanizaciul procesebs. zamTrobiT so-

felSi sacxovreblad sul ramdenime komli rCeba, umravlesoba

ki TurqeTis sxvadasxva raionSi (bursa, inegoli, stamboli, an-

kara, rize da a.S.) aris oJaxebiT mimofantuli. sofeli co-

cxldeba gazafxulze da zafxulSi. es TavKriloba didad

uwKobs xels qarTuli genisa da metKvelebis SenarCunebas.

TaobaTaSorisi gansxvavebis faqtori cxadliv aris asaxuli

dialeqturi metKvelebis flobis xarisxze, raSic xSirad

vrwmundebodiT erTi oJaxis sxvadasxva Taobis wevrTa metKve-

lebis magaliTze.

mwvaved dgas axal TaobaSi mSobliuri enis gadacemis saki-

Txi. pragmatuli mosazrebiT, saskolo asakamde bavSvebs mxo-

lod Turqulad elaparakebian.

2. SavSuri metKveleba intonaciurad, gramatikuli da leq-

sikuri TaviseburebebiT axlos dgas zemoayarulTan da mesxur-

Tan. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom zog SemTxvevaSi SavSurSi warmodge-

nilia fonetikuri procesis wina safexuri, romelic ayarulSi

dasrulebulia. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis zmniswinis da momdev-

no xmovani prefiqsebis urTierTqmedebis procesebze: goula-

mazda, Cemivarda, demiyires, gemivlia... Sdr. ayaruli: guu-

lamazda, Cimivarda, dimiyires, gimivlia.

aq misalmebis formulaa _ ragvar xar. Sdr. am gamoTqmis

fonetikurad Secvlili saxe salit. enaSi _ rogor xar da

ayarulSi _ ravar xar. aq dasturdeba Sigan, ayarulSi _ Si-an.

KuradGebas iqcevs piris niSnis metaTezireba fuZiseuli

Tanxmovnis Semdeg: yvamT, xvedav. metaTezisis sxva SemTxvevebia: germeli, vra...

SavSeTis metKvelebaSi Semonaxulia savaraudod saSualo

qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli bevri leqsikuri erTeuli da

47

sitKvawarmoebis nimuSi: xvlivi (xvliki), dGiv (dGisiT), mar-

tiv (marto), sauzmari (sauzme), kalai (kalia), meli (mela).

sakuTriv dialeqturi Cans: saT(v)leli (fulis mniSvne-

lobiT), meSvelai (xvlikis nairsaxeoba), nawilaki wve.

Tematuri leqsikidan KuradGebas iqcevs memindvreobisa da

mexileobis, mefutkreobis, mesaqonleobis, kulinariis amsaxveli

sitKvebi da terminebi. xSirad maT eZebnebaT paralelebi sxva qar-

Tul kiloebSi. mag.: puris Casxma, Zroxa xbos iqms (qna), mercxa-

li (mocxari), titviri (tuCi), ganaTleba (ganaTeba)...

3. rac Seexeba interferenciul movlenebs, Turquli enis

interferenciuli Careva gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia sintaq-

sis sferoSi, ase magaliTad, Turquli kiTxviTi konstruqciis

analogiiT, dialeqtSi kiTxviTi winadadebis bolos Cveulebri-

via Turquli kiTxviT-dadasturebiTi nawilakebis qi (ki), ia

(ya), mi (mi) darTva.

aGsaniSnavia, rom Turquli kiTxviT-dadasturebiTi nawi-

laki ia (ya) xSirad daerTvis ari (aris) meSvel zmnas _ ar'ia

(var ya-s analogiiT). interferencia Tavs iCens frazeologiur

kalkebSi, sitKvis mniSvnelobis gafarToeba-SeviwroebaSi.

.

e le le le l z a f u tz a f u tz a f u tz a f u t k ak ak ak a r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e (baTumi. n. berZeniSvilis instituti)

xaxaxaxatotototovavavavani sitKvani sitKvani sitKvani sitKva----TqmaTqmaTqmaTqmani ayani ayani ayani ayarurururulis darlis darlis darlis dargobgobgobgobririririvi vi vi vi leqleqleqleqsisisisikikikikidandandandan

xalxis cocxali sasaubro metKveleba mdidaria xatovani

sitKva-TqmebiT. aGniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT araerTgzis

gamaxvilebula KuradGeba samecniero literaturaSi, Tumca na-

klebadaa Seswavlili qarTuli enis dialeqtebis mixedviT. dia-

leqtebs ki, dialeqtis sameurneo Tu KofiTi dargis amsaxvel

48

leqsikas uamravi saintereso xatovani sitKva-Tqma daucavs. es

saliteraturo enis leqsikuri fondis gamdidreba-gamravalfe-

rovnebis wKaroa. amasTanave, dialeqturi monacemebis gaTvalis-

wineba aucilebelia ara mxolod enis ganviTarebis zogad ka-

nonzomierebaTa dasadgenad, aramed istoriuli ganviTarebis

procesSi enaSi mimdinare moqmed cvlilebaTa warmosaCenad.

cnobilia, rom TandaTan iSleba da daviwKebas eZleva dro-

moymuli da saukuneTa wiaGSi SemuSavebuli sitKvebi da gamo-

Tqmebi. xSirad sitKvebi ise gamodis xmarebidan, rom kvals ar

tovebs, magram zogJer rCeba mKari gamoTqmebi, romlebic ina-

xavs aseT sitKvebs. bunebrivia, saSuria maTi aGnusxva da mecni-

eruli sistematizacia.

dialeqtisaTvis specifikuri xatovani sitKva-Tqmebi ara

mxolod enis sitKvieri fondis gamdidrebis safuZvelia, ara-

med isini enis saxeobriobacaa. xatovani SesitKvebis forma eq-

spresiuli funqciis matarebelicaa. garda Taviseburi Sinaar-

sisa, mxatvruli daxvewilobiT gamoirCevian da gansxvavdebian

enaSi Tavisufali SesitKvebisagan.

amouwuravia qarTul kilo-TqmaTa leqsikis is maragi, rac

Jer kidev xalxis cocxal sasaubro metKvelebaSi mkvidrobs.

Cven SevecadeT warmogvedgina is xatovani sitKva-Tqmani, gaqvave-

buli Tu mKari sitKvaTa Sexebani, romlebic specifikuria

ayaruli dialeqtisaTvis. kerZod, naSromSi warmodgenilia me-

mindvreoba-mebostneobis leqsikasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi

xatovani sitKva-Tqma: anananangegegegelolololozis Tizis Tizis Tizis TiTis CamoTis CamoTis CamoTis Camonasnasnasnasvavavavamimimimi, , , , dododododofdofdofdof----lis fxalis fxalis fxalis fxalililili////////dodododododododofafafafala fxala fxala fxala fxalililili, , , , kokokokotatatataze cxvize cxvize cxvize cxviris moris moris moris moxocxocxocxocvavavava, , , , memememe----lalalalaiiiiqis aloqis aloqis aloqis alokikikikilililili, , , , nanananaTeTeTeTesis dasis dasis dasis daCorCorCorCorCxvaCxvaCxvaCxva, , , , pipipipiris ayris ayris ayris ayrararara, , , , SeSeSeSemTvarmTvarmTvarmTvar----vavavava////////SeSeSeSenTvarnTvarnTvarnTvarvavavava, , , , wverwverwverwvermomomomoyeyeyeyedidididili tali tali tali tarorororo............

bunebrivia, warmodgenili masala aGniSnul sakiTxTan da-

kavSirebiT srulKofil warmodgenas ver Segviqmnis, Tumca

adasturebs Tu rogor xatovnad da zedmiwevniTaa asaxuli

xalxis gonebrivi da sulieri cxovrebis gamocdileba am

sitKva-TqmebSi.

49

S uS uS uS u S aS aS aS a n a f u tn a f u tn a f u tn a f u t k ak ak ak a r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e (baTumi. S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti)

TanTanTanTandedededebubububuleblebleblebTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububuli Tali Tali Tali Tavivivivisesesesebubububurerererebabababanininini imerimerimerimerxexexexeululululSiSiSiSi

Tandebuli enis uZvelesi ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondis erT-

erTi gamorCeuli Semadgeneli nawilia. Tandebulebi, rogorc

cnobilia, momdinareoben calke, damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis

mqone sitKvaTagan. isini istoriulad saxels rom miekedlnen, da-

moukidebeli mniSvneloba dakarges, magram didi gavlena moaxdines

saxelTa brunebis sistemaze, enis ganviTarebis Sinagani kanonebis

moqmedebis Sesabamisad mimdinare procesebze. winare istoriul

xanaSi warmoCenili aGniSnuli enobrivi procesebi dGesac mimdi-

nareobs da emsaxureba Cveni dedaenis ganviTareba-srulKofis sa-

qmes.

Tandebuli qarTuli enis uZvelesi ZiriTadi leqsikuri fon-

dis erT-erTi mtkice, Seuvali enobrivi erTeuli rom aris, es kar-

gad Cans dedaenis damaqvemdebarebel gavlenas moklebul, ucxo

enobriv garemocvaSi mKof imerxeul kiloze dakvirvebisas. Tande-

bulebma, zmnebTan erTad, Kvelaze metad SeinarCunes TavisTavado-

ba, dedaenis buneba-formaca da Sinaarsic. TandebulebSi naklebad

igrZnoba ucxo (Turquli) enis gavlena.

imerxeul kilos nairferovani TaviseburebebiT warmoaCens

Tandebulebi. gvxvdeba Tandebulebis rogorc arqauli, ise dia-

leqturi formebi.

Tandebuli -SiSiSiSi xSirad gvxvdeba Zveli formiT – SiSiSiSigangangangan; igi

calke mdgomia, fuZes ar erTvis: araba SiSiSiSigangangangan am…al (arabaSi–manqa-

naSi); inegols SiSiSiSigangangangan xara? (inegolSi); ƒel SiSiSiSigangangangan rame ar darComia

(xelSi)... zogJer Tandebuli-SiSiSiSigangangangan erTvis naTesaobiTi brunvis

formas: nenei damjdara bostni SiSiSiSigangangangan; soflis SiSiSiSigangangangan yrelia xalxi;

kaklis SiSiSiSigangangangan matli gaCenila; istanboli SiSiSiSigagagagan gurJi be…ria... ro-

50

gorc cnobilia, Zvel qarTulSi aris SemTxvevebi SiSiSiSinananana//SiSiSiSigangangangan Tan-

debulis naTesaobiTis brunvasTan xmarebisa (ar.martirosovi,

iv.imnaiSvili). imerxeuli dGemde inarCunebs arqaul viTarebas

(Sdr. SuSanik TreviT moiTria TiƒaTa SiSiSiSigangangangan).

xSirad, Sinaarsis zedmiwevniT gadmocemis mizniT, SiSiSiSi–Tande-

bulian saxelsac ki erTvis xolme uZvelesi Tandebuli – SiSiSiSigangangangan: fu-

rebi SiSiSiSigangangangan axoraxoraxoraxorSiSiSiSi (boselSi) SeKares; yarxlis klavebsa movTuT-

qavT wKalwKalwKalwKalSiSiSiSi SiSiSiSigangangangan; ; ; ; SiSiSiSigangangangan sasasasaxlxlxlxlSiSiSiSi SeiKvanon mosafiri (stumari); mimimimi----

leTleTleTleTSiSiSiSi SiSiSiSigangangangan (xalxSi) kai da ginJi erTi SexedviT ar miiƒdomeba;

kldekldekldekldeSiSiSiSi SiSiSiSigangangangan xaCia (Jvaria)... rogorc Cans SiSiSiSigangangangan xan saxels win

uZGvis, xanac mosdevs xolme.

ze–Tandebuliani sitKvebiT gamoxatul Sinaarss aZlierebs

zezezezedamdamdamdam,,,, romelic Zveli qarTulis zezezezedadadada–Tandebulis variantia. ro-

gorc cnobilia, saSual qarTulSi, Tu erTi mxriT, zezezezedadadada–Tande-

buli gamartivda da zezezeze-mdis davida, meore mxriT, mas boloSi da-

erTo nnnn- elementi (←na) da miviGeT zezezezedandandandan. imerxeulSi gvxvdeba zezezeze----

damdamdamdam–saxiT: kackackackaczezezeze zezezezedamdamdamdam Semxtara daTvi; sasasasaflavflavflavflavzezezeze zezezezedamdamdamdam gakeTebu-

lia Gobe; keckeckeckeczezezeze zezezezedamdamdamdam cecxli iqneboda... maSasadame, imerxeulSi

arsebuli saxelebis SiSiSiSi––––SiSiSiSigangangangan, , , , zezezeze----zezezezedamdamdamdam orTandebuliani formebi

saintereso, damafiqrebel lingvistur suraTs qmnis da migvaniS-

nebs svanursa da xevsurulSi arsebul msgavs movlenebze. rogorc

cnobilia, svanuri, megrul-yanurisa da TviT qarTulisagan gan-

sxvavebiT, zogierTi kavkasiuri enis msgavsad, iKenebs or Tande-

buls erTad. msgavs movlenas vxvdebiT xevsurulSic (v.Tofuria,

ar.martirosovi). orTandebuliani micemiTis formebi gvafiqrebi-

nebs, rom fuZegamartivebul SiSiSiSi da zezezeze Tandebulebs Jer kidev ar

SeswevT Zala damoukideblad gadmoscen sagnis an movlenis sadao-

biToba da dasaxmareblad iSvelieben Zvel formebs–SiSiSiSigangangangan da zezezeze----

damdamdamdam. zezezezedandandandan–Tandebuls vxvdebiT saSual qarTulsa da Tanamedrove

mesxur kiloSi (S.ZiZiguri, ar.martirosovi).

51

zezezeze–Tandebuliani sitKvebi – alagalagalagalagzezezeze, , , , adadadadgilgilgilgilzezezeze ---- enacvleba Ta-

namedrove qarTulSi naTesaobiTi brunvis formebTan gamoKene-

bul Tandebulebs – nanananacvladcvladcvladcvlad, , , , mamamamagivgivgivgivradradradrad, , , , mamamamagigigigierererer: Sen rai xar Cem

SSSS…………iiiilislislislis alagalagalagalagzezezeze?;?;?;?; KumaKumaKumaKumaSisSisSisSis adadadadgilgilgilgilzezezeze moqsovden bambiTa; dededededisdisdisdis adadadad----

gilgilgilgilzezezeze vuKuravT dedinac…alsa; SSSS…………ilisilisilisilis adadadadgilgilgilgilzezezeze sx…a kaci ver

goutania... nacvalsaxelebTan ki mamamamagivgivgivgivradradradrad, , , , nanananacvladcvladcvladcvlad Tandebulebs

enacvleba sitKva – barze: CemCemCemCem barbarbarbarzezezeze is weiKvanes; mismismismis barbarbarbarzezezeze iusufi

mokles; SenSenSenSen barbarbarbarzezezeze ver wavalo, miTxra...

zezezeze–Tandebulianma sitKvam SeiZleba gadmogvces TvisTvisTvisTvis–Tande-

bulianis Sinaarsi: gurJiJa (qarTul) simGerebsimGerebsimGerebsimGerebzezezeze maq Conguri

mowKobili; SeSeSeSennnnzezezeze adgili qonda garigebuli hotelSi... zezezeze–Tande-

buli SeiZleba Seenacvlos SiSiSiSi–Tandebulsac: aqevrebma kikikikiTxvaTxvaTxvaTxvazezezeze

fara unda eiGon; werilebis wewewewerarararazezezeze daGamebia... ze–Tandebuls

imerxeulSi vxvdebiT, agreTve, SeSeSeSesasasasaxebxebxebxeb–Tandebulis nacvlad: xaxaxaxa----

totototozezezeze gonJsa ver itK…ian; huhuhuhuququququmaTmaTmaTmaTzezezeze K…elamfer amboben...

viTviTviTviT–Tandebuli Cveulebriv, gvxvdeba TanxmovanfuZian saxe-

lebTan saxelobiTSi: isa sasasasaqoqoqoqonenenenelilililiviTviTviTviT kacia; daTvi kakakakaciciciciviTviTviTviT dava

(dadis)... micemiTsa da naTesaobiTSi ki saxeSecvlili, dialeqtu-

ri formebiT warmoCndeba xolme–veTveTveTveT, , , , venvenvenven, , , , vefvefvefvef.... xmovanfuZianebi

umetesad micemiTi brunvis formaze irTaven am Tandebulebs, Tan-

xmovanfuZianebs ki orive brunvis formaze erTvian: ƒmiadi kikikikinanananasasasasa----

veTveTveTveT gamƒdara; zafi (Zafi) sasasasawinwinwinwindedededesasasasavenvenvenven daarTa unda; maminac…ali

babababababababasasasasavefvefvefvef miKurebda; gobmawonai mamamamawonwonwonwonsasasasaveTveTveTveT Sedgeba... JeJimi dage-

bulia xaxaxaxalilililisasasasaveTveTveTveT (xali–noxi); kambeCi ƒaƒaƒaƒaririririsasasasavenvenvenven gawevs uGelsa;

qori (sabZeli) sasasasaxlixlixlixlisasasasavefvefvefvef muuwKia kacsa; Txis banali matKlimatKlimatKlimatKlisasasasa----

venvenvenven deirTveba...

Tandebuli–TvisTvisTvisTvis gvxvdeba dialeqturi variantebiT–

TTTT…………inininin//TvinTvinTvinTvin. Tandebulis darTvisas naTesaobiTi brunvisniSniseu-

li Tanxmovani umetesad ikargeba: Korangali (balaxia) margebelia

sasasasaqonqonqonqonliTliTliTliT…………inininin; ; ; ; qarTqarTqarTqarT…………eleeleeleelebisTbisTbisTbisT…………inininin damw…ari kaci iKo; ukiTxavan

(ukiTxavT) ererererTisTisTisTisTvinTvinTvinTvin;;;; Tq…en naTesebsa (naTesavebsa) riTriTriTriT…………inininin ar

52

zefniTa? (eZebT); qorebi TiTiTiTiviviviviTvinTvinTvinTvin g…aq... TvinTvinTvinTvin gvxvdeba bevr qar-

Tul kiloSi, TuTuTuTuinininin ki momdinareobs Zveli qarTulidan. TvinTvinTvinTvin////////TuTuTuTu----

inininin TvisTvisTvisTvis–Tandebulis uZvelesi formaa da amdenad misi Girebuleba

dialeqtologiis farglebs scildeba (v.Tofuria).

TvisTvisTvisTvis–Tandebulis funqciiT naTesaobiTi brunvis formebTan

zogJer warmodgenilia sitKvebi–gugugugulolololobaibaibaibai, , , , babababarorororobaibaibaibai: : : : kakakakaciscisciscis gugugugulolololo----

baibaibaibai ar Girs amdeneTi tirili; kevrze qvebsa imiimiimiimi babababarorororobaibaibaibai (imisTvis)

guukeTebT...

Tandebulis funqciiT gamoKenebuli sitKvebi – gugugugulolololobaibaibaibai, , , , babababa----

rorororobaibaibaibai,,,, barbarbarbarzezezeze umetesad enacvleba gamogamogamogamo–Tandebuls: Garyi (bavSvi)

C…ili mKavda da imiimiimiimi barbarbarbarzezezeze (imis gamo) ver wavel bursas; ver gamo-

vdivarT gareTa zamTarSi didi TovTovTovTovlililili babababarorororobaibaibaibai;;;; tKistKistKistKis gugugugulolololobaibaibaibai

(tKis gamo) dgebian im sofelSi; babam kaci mokla da imiimiimiimi babababarorororobaibaibaibai

deikarqa; CemCemCemCem gugugugulolololobaibaibaibai nenes uKvira babama...

iSviaTad SeiZleba Segvxvdes gamo–Tandebulis dialeqturi

varianti – gagagagamemememeeseseses: rzlerzlerzlerzlebibibibi gagagagamemememeeseseses (rZlebis gamo) zmiebi (Zmebi) ar

arian erTmaneTSi karqa; zuzuzuzulilililiasasasas gagagagamemememeeseseses kaci meikla; CemCemCemCem gagagagamemememeeseseses Sen

ratom giKvirian?...

zemoayarulis msgavsad, imerxeulSi gamogamogamogamo–Tandebuls xSirad

enacvleba gamoGmagamoGmagamoGmagamoGma: mimimimiwiswiswiswis gamoGmagamoGmagamoGmagamoGma mezoblebi ar laparakoben;

wKliswKliswKliswKlis gamoGmagamoGmagamoGmagamoGma awKines erTmaneTsa... amave mniSvnelobisaa sitKva–

mgomgomgomgonenenene: GarGarGarGaryeyeyeyebibibibi mmmmgogogogonenenene (bavSvebis gamo) walaparikden; Cemi derderderderdedededebibibibi

mgomgomgomgonenenene (dardebis gamo) simGerebi mevgone; avatKofoavatKofoavatKofoavatKofobibibibi mgomgomgomgonenenene

(avadmKofobis gamo) davrCiT xofas...

zmnisarTuli Tandebuli – ukanukanukanukan daerTvis micemiTisa da naTe-

saobiTis formebs da enacvleba drois gamomxatvel sitKvas–SemSemSemSem----

degdegdegdeg: naxevar TvesTvesTvesTves ukanukanukanukan lamazi tarosi iqneba; daTvma daqola sasasasa----

dildildildil ukanukanukanukan;;;; amisamisamisamis ukanukanukanukan darCa es naTqvami; marmarmarmartistististis ukanukanukanukan aprili modis...

msgavsi viTarebaa zemoayarulSic.

mimimimixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT – Tandebulis magivrad imerxeulSi damkvidrebula

Turquli Tandebuli göregöregöregöre (Tanaxmad, mixedviT, Sesabamisad): sasasasabnibnibnibni----

53

gogogogorararara unda gaSalo feƒebi; sizsizsizsizmrimrimrimridadadadagogogogorararara (sizmrisdamixedviT)

gaTƒara miwa; Tavisi gugugugulilililigogogogorararara mices GmerTma K…elasa...

imerxeulSi gangangangan –Tandebuli TiTqmis ar gamoiKeneba. iSviaTad

aqaurTa metKvelebaSi warmoCndeba kankankankan–formiT (g–an–is gamkveTre-

bis Sedegad saTanado fonetikur garemoSi): sisisisicicicicivisvisvisviskankankankan ƒelebi du-

uskda; sisisisicxiscxiscxiscxiskankankankan jverebi gaƒma... analogiuri cvlileba SeniSnulia

xevsurulSi (ar.martirosovi).

imerxeulSi gangangangan–Tandebulian naTesaobiTs enacvleba damdamdamdam –

Tandebuliani formebi: kecsa TiTiTiTiƒƒƒƒidamidamidamidam akeTeben; cacxcacxcacxcacx…………idamidamidamidam gamo-

Tlian ƒertalsa da moƒ…ewen; zurna keTdeba qliavi xixixixidamdamdamdam;;;; es

baƒala (gogona) wina kakakakacicicicidamdamdamdam mKavs; sisisisizizizizidamdamdamdam (siZisgan) gamogzavnili

hedie (saCuqari) momitanes... aGniSnuli formebi Sinaarsobrivad

aGniSnavs wKaros, visgan an risganac zmniT gamoxatuli moqmedeba

momdinareobs, anda migvaniSnebs masalaze, risganac raime keTdeba.

imerxeulisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia daGmadaGmadaGmadaGma////////daGmedaGmedaGmedaGme–sagan momdi-

nare Tandebuli – damdamdamdam (a.SaniZe, arn. Ciqobava). damdamdamdam –Tandebuliani

moqmedebiTis formebi aGniSnavs moqmedebis sawKis adgils: es

wKali fafafafafarfarfarfarTiTiTiTidamdamdamdam modis; ayaris TiTiTiTieeeebibibibidamdamdamdam (mTebidan) gadmodioda

gzabawrebi; somexebi aqa anianianianidamdamdamdam mosulan; manebi (boZebi) meitana

tKidamtKidamtKidamtKidam...

damdamdamdam – Tandebuli erTvis zmnizedebsac: imis aqeaqeaqeaqeTiTiTiTidamdamdamdam Sol-

tiƒevia; daCieTi aqeaqeaqeaqedamdamdamdam axlo ari; yoroxi SoSoSoSoriririridamdamdamdam modis; sisisisidamdamdamdam

ipueT naTesavebi?; ar metKveba gagagagarerereredadadadamamamama; zezezezemomomomodamdamdamdam vuKuravT ayara-

sa...

damdamdamdam –Tandebuli dasturdeba imerxevis mosazGvred mdebare

zemoayaris soflebis metKvelebaSic; gvxvdeba qarTuli dialeqte-

bis erT nawilSi (S. nijaraZe, ar. martirosovi, S.ZiZiguri, gr.imna-

iSvili). damdamdamdam –Tandebuliani formebi imerxevSi 1904 wels Caiwera

n.marma.

damdamdamdam –Tandebulis funqciiT imerxeulSi gamoiKeneba sitKva –

moGmamoGmamoGmamoGma: gagagagazazazazafxufxufxufxulilililimoGmamoGmamoGmamoGma amasa veƒvewebi; didididilalalalamoGmamoGmamoGmamoGma amas vambob...

54

imerxeulSi Tandebuli –urTurTurTurT ar gvxvdeba. mis funqcias asru-

lebs uTandebulo moqmedebiTi. iSviaTad gvxvdeba ururururTTTT–Tandebu-

lis naSTi (ur): am balaxsa fesfesfesfesviviviviTuTuTuTurararara Seinaƒven; yarxalasa tatatatanininini----

TuTuTuTurararara moƒarSaven...

mdemdemdemde////////mdismdismdismdis Tandebulebi, sxva qarTuli dialeqtebis msgavsad,

gvxvdeba mdimdimdimdi////////mdinmdinmdinmdin–saxiT: TTTTƒƒƒƒelamelamelamelamdidididi aqa iK…un; saaaaxlamxlamxlamxlamdindindindin ver mia-

wia... mdimdimdimdi–Tandebulis darTvas garkveuli Tavisebureba axasia-

Tebs: xmovanfuZian saxels rom daerTvis, fuZis bolokiduri xmo-

vani meordeba: TaTaTaTaamamamamdidididi (mTamde) asula gza; maGla gogogogorarararaamamamamdidididi avawieT;

daba GeleGeleGeleGeleememememdidididi midis C…eni yala; kakli xexexexeememememdidididi movTibe... msgavsi

formebi SeniSnulia imerulSic da miCneulia fonetikur movle-

nad (S.ZiZiguri).

gvxvdeba mdinmdinmdinmdin––––formac: mamamamaiiiisamsamsamsamdindindindin migvawia purma; gza Cem ezomezomezomezom----

dindindindin miva; C…eni g…aris kacebi fafafafaririririzamzamzamzamdindindindin (parizamde) gevden...

enaTmecnierTa azriT, TvinTvinTvinTvin da mdinmdinmdinmdin uZvelesi formebia (a.SaniZe,

v.Tofuria).

imerxeulis Tandebulian formebze dakvirveba erTxel kidev

migvaniSnebs qarTuli enis simtkicesa da gamZleobaze.

n in in in i n o f x an o f x an o f x an o f x a kkkk aaaa Z eZ eZ eZ e (quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

sesesesemanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri diri diri diri diaaaaleqleqleqleqtiztiztiztizmimimimi

enis leqsikuri fondi sainteresoa erTeulTa funqciona-

luri da semantikuri SesaZleblobebis realizebis Tvalsaz-

risiT. leqsika Kvelaze swrafad cvalebadia ubania enisa, rac

ganpirobebulia misi uSualo kavSiriT gareenobriv sinamdvi-

lesTan. am ukanasknelis cvlasTan erTad leqsikur erTeulTa

inventaric gadasxvaferdeba, Tumca aseTi cvlilebebi TviT sis-

temas ar gardaqmnis.

55

enaSi ganirCeva gansxvavebuli leqsikuri Sreebi, romelTa

wKaroa rogorc enis ganviTarebis istoriuli (qronologiuri)

safexurebi, ise misi geografiuli da socialuri ganStoebani

(qvesistemebi).

saerTo-saliteraturo ena enobrivi erTeulebis damokide-

bulebaTa centraluri sistemaa. masSi Tavs iKris qvesistemebsa

da `velebSi~ realizebuli cvlilebebis Sedegebi, an piriqiT,

nawildeba saerTo eniseuli potencia. am ukanasknelis Sedegia

semantikuri dialeqtizmi.

sitKvis srulKofili semantikuri daxasiaTebisaTvis sa-

gnobrivi mimarTebis qronologiuri da sivrculi monacemebis

gaTvaliswinebaa sayiro. sagnobrivi mimarTebebis motivacia, Se-

sabamisad, semantikuri transformaciis mizezebi aixsneba mxo-

lod enobriv koleqtivTan kavSirSi. kiloTa gavrcelebis bu-

nebrivi da istoriuli pirobebi, KofiTi garemo is eqstralin-

gvisturi faqtorebia, romlebic enis momxmarebelTa enobriv

Cveulebebs gansazGvraven. sitKvis Sinaarsis gradaciac am Cveu-

lebaTa kvaldakval xdeba.

saliteraturo enis leqsikuri erTeuli kiloSi zogJer

sxva mniSvnelobas iZens, igi semantikuri dialeqtizmi xdeba. am

ukanasknelis analizi warmoaCens leqsemaTa saerTo Sinaarsob-

riv potencias da misi ganviTarebis sxvadasxvagvar SesaZleblo-

bas. semantikuri cvlileba sitKvis `dialeqturi~ terminolo-

gizaciis mizniTac gamoiKeneba.

sitKvis srulKofili, amomwuravi semantikuri daxasiaTeba

gulisxmobs misi mimarTebis garkvevas dialeqtur leqsikasTan.

amgvari kvleva warmoaCens sitKvis Sinaarsobriv potencias, mis

ganawilebas enis qvesistemebSi da semantikuri cvlilebis

rols sitKvis statusis gansazGvraSi, agreTve, mogvcems warmo-

dgenas leqsikur fondTan semantikur cvlilebebze eqstralin-

gvisturi faqtebis gavlenis Sesaxeb. am TvalsazrisiT ganxilu-

lia konkretuli leqsemebi.

56

m im im im i x ex ex ex e i l q ai l q ai l q ai l q a m am am am a d ad ad ad a Z e Z e Z e Z e (baTumi. n. berZeniSvilis instituti)

susususufiqfiqfiqfiqsesesesebiT nabiT nabiT nabiT nawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeebi oibi oibi oibi oikokokokoninininimemememebibibibi ayaayaayaayararararaSiSiSiSi

ayaraSi 350-ze meti didi da patara sofelia, romlebic

sxvadasxva afiqsiTaa gaformebuli. kerZod, maTi umetesoba na-

warmoebia sufiqsebiT. SedarebiT iSviaTad dasturdeba rTuli

gaformebis, martivfuZiani da prefiqs-sufiqsebiT nawarmoebi

oikonimebi.

regionis 350 soflis saxelidan 170-ze meti sufiqsuri ga-

formebisaa. Tu amas davumatebT gvarsaxelebisagan momdinare,

saxeldobr, begoSvilebi, balaZeebi, qiZiniZeebi... analogiuri

gaformebis saxelebs, maSin es ricxvi sagrZnoblad gaizrdeba.

aGsaniSnavia, rom sufiqsebiT gaformebuli oikonimebi me-

twilad anTroponimuli warmomavlobisaa. semantikac gamyirva-

lea, radgan saxelwodebaSi naTlad Cans adgilis saxelis mi-

mcemi gvari Tu saxeli. mag., qiZiniZeebi, iakobaZeebi, iakobauri,

gogmaCauri gelauri, kobaleTi, SuSaneTi... Sdr. gvarsaxelebi:

qiZiniZe, iakobaZe, gogmaCaZe, gelaZe, kobalaZe, SuSaniZe...

erT-erTi gavrcelebuli mawarmoebelia -ebebebeb---- formanti, ro-

melic upiratesad anTropotoponimebs awarmoebs da ufro ni-

Sandoblivia zemo ayaris oikonimiisaTvis.

----urururur- sufiqsi TiTqmis Tanabari sixSiriT gvxvdeba rogorc

zemo, ise qvemo ayaris oikonimebis mawarmoeblad. -eTeTeTeT- sufiqsi

ki, romelic aseve anTropotoponimebs awarmoebs metwilad,

ufro niSandoblivia mayaxlisa da nigalis xeobebis oikonimii-

saTvis.

----isisisis- formantiT nawarmoebi anTropotoponimebi ayaraSi iS-

viaTad dasturdeba. erT-erTi aseTia varvarvarvarJaJaJaJaninininisisisisi (sofeli, qedis

r.). am saxelis amosavalia personimi varvarvarvarJanJanJanJan.

saintereso saxelwodebaa, agreTve kapreSumi (sofeli,

xel.r.). am onimSi -umumumum- sufiqsia, amosavali ki unda iKos kapkapkapkap----

rrrraSaSaSaS, romelic sabas mixedviT, KviTel-mowiTalo fers niSnavs.

57

amasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa erTi xalxuri leqsi, romel-

Sic kapraSiZe adamianis sakuTar saxeladaa moxseniebuli: `...Se-

ni xeebis nagleJi/sul mcxeTelebsa Caqonda,/kapraSiZe tivze Se-

rCa/rostom guli imas hqonda~ (qarTuli xalxuri poezia, t. X,

Tb., 1983. gv. 168).

m a r i n e q am a r i n e q am a r i n e q am a r i n e q a c ac ac ac a r ar ar ar a v av av av a (quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)

imeimeimeimerurururuli dili dili dili diaaaaleqleqleqleqtis Setis Setis Setis Seswavswavswavswavlis islis islis islis istotototoririririiiiidandandandan

1. imeruli dialeqtis Taviseburebani 70 wlis ganmavloba-

Si araerTxel Kofila kvlevebis obieqti. Jer kidev me-20 sau-

kunis dasawKisSi daiwKo misi Seswavla. 1937 wels v. fanCviZem

disertacia daicva Temaze `qarTuli enis imeruli kilo~, Sem-

deg sistematurad qveKndeba mecnieruli naSromebi (v. Tofu-

ria, S. ZiZiguri, q. ZoweniZe, k. kublaSvili, b. JorbenaZe, p. Ja-

JaniZe, p. gaCeCilaZe, iv. qavTaraZe, p. kikabiZe, r. bixovskaia,

g. rogava, l. lejava, z. yumburiZe da sxv.). 1972 wels a. mar-

tirosovma Tavis wignSi `qarTuli dialeqtologiis istorii-

saTvis~ vrclad isaubra imerulis Seswavlis Sesaxeb.

2. dialeqti sazogadod kvlevis amouwuravi wKaroa, amis

gamo SeuZlebelia misi srulKofili Seswavla damTavrebulad

CaiTvalos. kvleva kvlav grZeldeboda da 1973 wels qarTul

saenaTmecniero literaturas Seemata q. ZoweniZis fundamentu-

ri gamokvleva `zemoimeruli kilokavi~, romelSic zemoimeru-

lis mikroanalizia mocemuli. man daadgina, rom imeruli kilo

aerTianebs zemoimerul da qvemoimerul kilokavebs, calke ar

gamoKo Suaimeruli, radganac am raionis mcxovrebTa metKvele-

baSi ar dasturdeba iseTi saerTo Tavisufali movlenebi, rom

SesaZlebeli iKos erT kilokavad gaerTianeba qvemoimerulisa

da zemoimerulis sapirispirod.

58

3. 1985 wels k. kublaSvilma Tavis monografiaSi `qarTu-

li enis qvemoimeruli dialeqti~ mimoixila qvemoimerulis

gramatikuli wKoba, fonetikuri sistemis Taviseburebani, si-

tKvawarmoeba, maxvili, qvemoimerulis mimarTeba uSualo kon-

taqtSi mKof dialeqtur erTeulebTan da daaskvna, rom qvemoi-

meruli iseTive dialeqtad unda CaTvliliKo, rogorc sxva

romelime dialeqti, magaliTad, guruli, rayuli, leCxumuri.

magram saenaTmecniero literaturaSi Jer kidev ar aris es az-

ri damkvidrebuli.

4. b. JorbenaZe Tavis fundamentur naSromSi `qarTuli di-

aleqtologia~ vrclad mimoixilavs imerul dialeqts, iTva-

liswinebs k. kublaSvilis mosazrebebs, magram miiCnevs, rom ime-

rulSi gamoiKofa zemo da qvemoimeruli da maT Soris _

gardamavali zona `Suaimerulis~ saxiT.

5. 2008 wels daibeyda n. SaraSeniZis `saCinouri qarTu-

li~, romelic erTi soflis metsvelebis mixedviT warmogvid-

gens, rogorc TviTon aGniSnavs, qvemoimerul kilos. avtori

iziarebs im azrs, rom qvemoimeruli kiloa (Sdr.: `qarTulisa

da megrulis SereviT warmoqmnilia qvemoimeruli kilokavi,

romelic TvalsaCinod gansxvavdeba zemoimerulisagan~ _ v. To-

furia).

Cveulebriv, am bolo xans sxva dialeqtTa msgavsad imeru-

lic ganicdis saliteraturo enis zemoqmedebas. amas emateba

ucxo enebidan Semosuli sitKvebis moyarbeba. iSleba dialeq-

turi sxvaobebi da am movlenas farTo gasaqani eZleva.

6. saintereso da saKuradGebo mosazrebebi gamoTqmulia

m. miqautaZis s. kublaSvilis naSromSi `cvlilebani zemoime-

rul kilokavSi saukunis manZilze~, romelSic gamoKofilia da

dasabuTebulia zemoimeruli kilokavisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

cvlilebani (q. ZoweniZis masalasTan SepirispirebiT). aseve

gamoqveKnebulia imerulis sando teqstebi, mosmenilia aqtua-

luri moxsenebebi. dGes aucilebelia imeruli dialeqtis Sesa-

xeb srulKofili monografiis Seqmna.

59

m im im im i x ex ex ex e i l q u ri l q u ri l q u ri l q u r d id id id i aaaa n in in in i (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti) svanuri enis dialeqtTa sakvalifikacio niSanTasvanuri enis dialeqtTa sakvalifikacio niSanTasvanuri enis dialeqtTa sakvalifikacio niSanTasvanuri enis dialeqtTa sakvalifikacio niSanTa sistemis sakmarisobis problema da Colorulisistemis sakmarisobis problema da Colorulisistemis sakmarisobis problema da Colorulisistemis sakmarisobis problema da Coloruli,,,, rogorc svanuri enis mexuTe dialeqtirogorc svanuri enis mexuTe dialeqtirogorc svanuri enis mexuTe dialeqtirogorc svanuri enis mexuTe dialeqti

dialeqtTa gasamiJnavad Tu dasaxasiaTeblad aGebuli niS-

nebis Sesaxeb erTmniSvnelovnad unda iTqvas: aq gadamwKvetia ara maTi raodenoba, aramed maTi relevanturoba. relevanturi niSnebiT gamiJnuli dialeqtebis sazGvrebi stabiluria.

akad. akaki SaniZem Jer kidev 1925 wels svanuri enis dia-leqtTa klasifikacias safuZvlad daudo relevanturi fone-tikuri movlenebi: grZel da umlautian xmovanTa povniereba da da reduqciis xarisxi.

am niSnebze daKrdnobiT svanuri enis dialeqtis kvalifika-cia mieniya oTx enobriv erTeuls: balszemours, balsqvemours, laSxursa da lentexurs, rac SeiZleba Semdegi cxrilis saxiT iqnes warmodgenili (yumburiZe 2007: 9).

dialeqtebi xmovanTa sigrZe umlauti reduqcia

balszemouri + + +

balsqvemouri _ + +

laSxuri + _ +

lentexuri _ + _

akaki SaniZidan moKolebuli Coloruli metKveleba specia-lur literaturaSi kvalificirebuli iKo rogorc `narevi~ da mas dialeqtis statusi ar eniyeboda.

Coloruli dialeqtad (resp. kilod) xandaxan mainc moixsenebo-da xolme, magram misTvis dialeqtis kvalifikaciis misaniyeblad sayiro mecnieruli argumentacia pirvelad, erTdroulad da er-TmaneTisagan damoukideblad wamoKenebul iqna prof. aleqsandre onianisa da am striqonebis avtoris mier. maTi midgomebi da, Sesa-bamisad, argumentebi erTmaneTisagan principulad gansxvavebuli iKo: a. onianis midgoma iKo kompleqsuri da is fonetikasTan er-Tad leqsikasac iTvaliswinebda; me ki oden fonetikuri maxasiaTeb-lebs miviCnevdi TviTsakmarisad.

60

akaki SaniZis mier svanuri enis dialeqtebis gamosaKofad moxmobili samive fonetikuri movlena iKo relevanturi, mag-ram arasakmarisi sistemis sisrulisaTvis. swored aman gamoiw-via oTxi dialeqtis gamoKofa da ara xuTis. Cem mier sakvali-fikacio niSnad damatebulia kidev erTi fonetikuri movlena (resp. procesi).

es fonetikuri procesi, romelsac relevanturi mniSven-loba aqvs svanuri dialeqtebis kvalifikaciisaTvis, aris kon-taqturi disimilaciuri gamjGereba/gamkveTreba fSvinvieri spi-rantisa da fSvinvieri xSulis Semcvel kompleqsebSi, imis gamo, rom spiranti yarbad xarJavs amosunTqul haers da ar-Tmevs fSvinvierobas fSvinvier xSuls (l. SCerba, v. abaevi..). es ukanaskneli gadadis mjGerSi an (aseTis povnierebis SemTxveva-Si) mkveTrSic (v. Sengelia, m. qurdiani).

Coloruls, iseve rogorc balszemours, axasiaTebs ro-gorc xmovanTa sigrZe, iseve umlautic. rac Seexeba reduqcias, balszemourTan SedarebiT aq is ufro labiluri Cans. magram mTavari ganmasxvavebeli maT Soris aris fSvinvieri spirantisa da fSvinvieri xSulisagan Semdgari kompleqsebis qceva _ kon-taqturi disimilaciuri gamjGereba balszemourSi da ormagi standarti ColorulSi: kontaqturi disimilaciuri gamkveTre-ba gamjGereba/gamkveTreba (es Tanabrad exeba rogorc decesiur, ise aqcesiur kompleqsebs):

Sd balszemouri, balsqvemouri, laSxuri

*ST St lentexuri

Sd/St Coloruli (paraleluri versiebi)

sg balszemouri, balsqvemouri, laSxuri

*sq sk lentexuri (paraleluri versiebi)

sg/sk Coloruli

61

Sg balszemouri, balsqvemouri, laSxuri

*Sq Sk lentexuri

Sk/Sk Coloruli (paraleluri versiebi)

Sesabamisad, svanuri enis dialeqtebis sakvalifikaciod

a. SaniZis mier gamoKofil 3 fonetikurad relevantur niSans:

xmovanTa sigrZe, umlauti, reduqciis xarisxi unda daematos

Cem mier Sedgenili meoTxe relevanturi niSani: fSvinvieri

spirantisa da fSvinvieri xSulis Semcveli kompleqsis xSuli

Semadgeneli dezaspirirebis xasiaTi (gamjGereba, gamkveTreba),

riTac svanuri enis dialeqtebis gamoKofis fonetikuri prin-

cipi miaGwevs Tavis zGvrul sisrules.

zemoTqmulidan gamodminare, svanuri enis dialeqtTa zus-

ti klasifikacia fonetikur maxasiaTeblebze daKrdnobiT SeiZ-

leba warmodgenili iqnes Semdegi sqemis saxiT (Sdr. qurdiani

1997, qurdiani 1998):

gamJRereba

gamkveTreba

ormagi standarti

susti

Zlieri

ormagi standarti

62

da bolos, xazgasmiT unda iTqvas, rom: a) relevantur mo-

vlenaTa safuZvelze svanur enaSi gamoiKofa mxolod es xuTi

dialeqti (da ara meti an anklebi); b) svanur dialeqtTa So-

ris Colorulis adgili sabolood da calsaxad aris gan-

saGzvruli (Sdr. oniani 1998: 8).

Í À Ô Ï Û À Å Ò Ä Û É À Í ÉÍ À Ô Ï Û À Å Ò Ä Û É À Í ÉÍ À Ô Ï Û À Å Ò Ä Û É À Í ÉÍ À Ô Ï Û À Å Ò Ä Û É À Í É (Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti)

ãÉ (ãÀÎ|ãÀ|ãÄÎ|ãÄ) |ÌãÉ (ãÀÎ|ãÀ|ãÄÎ|ãÄ) |ÌãÉ (ãÀÎ|ãÀ|ãÄÎ|ãÄ) |ÌãÉ (ãÀÎ|ãÀ|ãÄÎ|ãÄ) |ÌÉÜ|ÌÉãÍëÌ (ÌÉãÉÍëÌ) ÉÜ|ÌÉãÍëÌ (ÌÉãÉÍëÌ) ÉÜ|ÌÉãÍëÌ (ÌÉãÉÍëÌ) ÉÜ|ÌÉãÍëÌ (ÌÉãÉÍëÌ) |ãÉÍÄÌ|ÌÉÜÄÌ,ÌÉÍ|ãÉÍÄÌ|ÌÉÜÄÌ,ÌÉÍ|ãÉÍÄÌ|ÌÉÜÄÌ,ÌÉÍ|ãÉÍÄÌ|ÌÉÜÄÌ,ÌÉÍ `ÈÅÉÈÏÍ`ÈÅÉÈÏÍ`ÈÅÉÈÏÍ`ÈÅÉÈÏÍ” ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ (ÁØ.) ãÉãÉãÉãÉ, (ØÓ.) ãÀÎãÀÎãÀÎãÀÎ,

((((ÁÆ.) ãÀãÀãÀãÀ, (ØÓ.) ãÄÎ|ãÄ ãÄÎ|ãÄ ãÄÎ|ãÄ ãÄÎ|ãÄ; ( ( ( (ÁÆ., ËÛá., ÜÏË.) ÌÉãÍëÌ|ÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌ|ÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌ|ÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌ|ÌÉãÍëÌÃ, ( ( ( (ÜÏË.) ÌÉãÉÍëÌ|ÌÉãÍëÌ|ÌÉãÉÍëÌÉãÉÍëÌ|ÌÉãÍëÌ|ÌÉãÉÍëÌÉãÉÍëÌ|ÌÉãÍëÌ|ÌÉãÉÍëÌÉãÉÍëÌ|ÌÉãÍëÌ|ÌÉãÉÍëÌÃÌÃÌÃÌÃ, (ÁØ.) ãÉÍÄÌ|ãÉÍÄÌÃãÉÍÄÌ|ãÉÍÄÌÃãÉÍÄÌ|ãÉÍÄÌÃãÉÍÄÌ|ãÉÍÄÌÃ, ( ( ( (ËÍÔ.) ÌÉÜÄÌ ÌÉÜÄÌ ÌÉÜÄÌ ÌÉÜÄÌ; (ÓÅ.) ÌÉÜ ÌÉÜ ÌÉÜ ÌÉÜ `ÈÅÉÈÏÍ”, (ÓÅ.) ÌÉÍÌÉÍÌÉÍÌÉÍ (ÌÒ. Ò.) `ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÉÓÉÍÉ” ÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÀáËÄÁÖÒÉ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÀ.

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ, ÊÄÒÞÏÃ, ÜÏËÖÒÖËÓÀ ÃÀ ËÀÛáÖÒ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ ÛÄÉÍÉÛÍÄÁÀ ÂÀÍÓÀáÉËÅÄËÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÓÒÖËÉÀÃ ÀáËÄÁÖÒÉ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÀ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÖËÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÝ ÓÀÊÌÀÏ ÓÉáÛÉÒÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ, ÌÀÂ:

ÜÏË.ÜÏË.ÜÏË.ÜÏË. ËÛáËÛáËÛáËÛá. ÓÀá. ãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎ `ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÉÓ (ÁÉàÉ)” ÌÏÈáÒ. ãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎ-Ã | ãÄÎÃ | ãÄÎÃ | ãÄÎÃ | ãÄÎ-ÍëÌ | ãÄÎÍëÌ | ãÄÎÍëÌ | ãÄÎÍëÌ | ãÄÎ-ÍëÌÍëÌÍëÌÍëÌ-ÃÃÃÃ `ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÌÀÍ (ÁÉàÌÀ)”

ÌÉÝ. ãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎ-ÓÓÓÓ `ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÌÀÓ (ÁÉàÓ)” ÀØÅÄ ÖÍÃÀ ÀÙÉÍÉÛÍÏÓ ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÝ, ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ

ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÉÓÀ ÃÀ ËÀÛáÖÒÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ ÀáËÄÁÖÒÀÃ ÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÓ ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÓ (ÓÀá. ãÀãÀãÀãÀ, ÌÏÈáÒ. ãÀãÀãÀãÀ-ÃÃÃÃ), ÈÖÌÝÀ ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÛÉ ÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÖËÀÃ ÉÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ.

ÜÅÄÍÉ ÀÆÒÉÈ, ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÉÓ ÀÓÄÈÉ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÀ ÀáËÄÁÖÒÉÀ, ÄÍÀ ÀÌ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉÝ ÝÃÉËÏÁÓ ÂÀÌÀÒÔÉÅÄÁÉÓÀÊÄÍ ßÀÅÉÃÄÓ ÃÀ ÈÀÅÉ ÀÀÒÉÃÏÓ ÏÒ×ÖÞÉÀÍÏÁÀÓ ( ÅÉÍÀÉÃÀÍ ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÝÄÌÉÈÛÉ ÓáÅÀ ×ÖÞÄ, ÊÄÒÞÏÃ, ÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌ-ÃÃÃÃ (ÌÉãÉÍëÌÌÉãÉÍëÌÌÉãÉÍëÌÌÉãÉÍëÌ-ÃÃÃÃ), ÌÉÜÌÉÜÌÉÜÌÉÜ

63

ÜÀÄÍÀÝÅËÄÁÏÃÀ) ÃÀ ÓÀáÄËÏÁÉÈÉÓ ×ÖÞÄ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÏÓ ÓáÅÀ ÁÒÖÍÅÄÁÛÉÝ. ÌÀÂ.:

ãÄÎ | ãÀÎ ãÄÎ | ãÀÎ ãÄÎ | ãÀÎ ãÄÎ | ãÀÎ ÉËÂÌêËÃÀ É ÉÛÂÄÍ ÉÛÔÒêËÃÀ (ÜÏË.) _ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÓÀáËÓ ÀÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ ÃÀ ÓáÅÄÁÉ ÈÀÌÀÛÏÁÃÍÄÍ

ãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎ ËÄáâïÒíË, ÁêÔÏ, ÎÀÙÏ, ÌÉ ÉÌ áæÄâïÒêËÍíË?! (ËÛá.) _ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÛÄÄáÅÄßÄÁÏÃÀ, ÀÁÀ, ÌÄ ÒÀÓ ÛÄÅÄáÅÄßÄÁÏÃÉ?!

ãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎ-ÃÃÃÃ ËÏáÌÖÒãÄ, ÄÃÏ ËÀÃÉ ÃÄÛ ÀÂêÈæÃÀá (ÜÏË.) _ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÌÉÄáÌÀÒÀ, ÈÏÒÄÌ ÃÙÄÓ ÅÄÒ ÃÀÀÌÈÀÅÒÄÁÃÍÄÍ”

ÛÖÊæÀÒÉÓÀ ÖÌÉÈÒÖËêËÀÃ, ãÄÎÃãÄÎÃãÄÎÃãÄÎÃ ÄÍÑÄÁÀÓ É ÂæÉÛÂÃÀÓ (ËÛá.) _ ØÖÜÄÁÛÉ ÒÏÌ ÈÀÅØÀÒÉÀÍÏÁÓ, ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÌÏÉÝÀËÏÓ ÃÀ ÂÅÉÊÀÃÒÏÓ"

ãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎ-ÓÓÓÓ ËÏØ ÄÒ áÀÊ×êÍ, ÄÜØÀ ØÀ ËÏØ ËëØæÍÀ (ÜÏË.) _ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÒÏÌ ÓÃÏÌÏÃÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÉÔÚÏÃÀ

ãÄÎÓãÄÎÓãÄÎÓãÄÎÓ ÃÄÒ ÌêÃ áÏáÀË ËÉØÜÄ (ËÛá.) _ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ áÏÌ ÀÒ ÉÝÉÓ ÌÏàÒÀ…

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÌÀÓÀËÉÃÀÍ ÜÀÍÓ, ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ ÀáËÄÁÖÒÀÃ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÖË ×ÏÒÌÀÓÈÀÍ ÄÒÈÀÃ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ ÌÏÈáÒÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÖËÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÉÓ ÍÀßÉËÉÝ (...ÍëÌ | ÍëÌÍëÌ | ÍëÌÍëÌ | ÍëÌÍëÌ | ÍëÌ-ÃÃÃÃ) ãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎãÄÎ----ÍëÌ | ãÄÎÍëÌ | ãÄÎÍëÌ | ãÄÎÍëÌ | ãÄÎ----ÍëÌÍëÌÍëÌÍëÌ----ÃÃÃÃ.

ÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÖËÉ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÀÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÖËÉ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÀÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÖËÉ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÀÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÖËÉ ÁÒÖÍÄÁÀ

ÓÀá. ãÉ | ãÀ | ãÄÎãÉ | ãÀ | ãÄÎãÉ | ãÀ | ãÄÎãÉ | ãÀ | ãÄÎ `ÈÅÉÈÏÍ” ÌÏÈáÒ. ÌÉãÍëÌ | ÌÉãÉÍëÌ | ÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌ | ÌÉãÉÍëÌ | ÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌ | ÌÉãÉÍëÌ | ÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌ | ÌÉãÉÍëÌ | ÌÉãÍëÌ----Ã | ÌÉÜÄÌ | ãÉÍÄÌ Ã | ÌÉÜÄÌ | ãÉÍÄÌ Ã | ÌÉÜÄÌ | ãÉÍÄÌ Ã | ÌÉÜÄÌ | ãÉÍÄÌ ÌÉÝ. ÌÉÜÌÉÜÌÉÜÌÉÜ ÀÌ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉÝ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ ÓÀÌÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉÀ

ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÃÀ ÃÀÍÀÒÜÄÍ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉÝ (ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÓÀ ÃÀ ËÀÛáÖÒÛÉÝ) ÓßÏÒÄÃ ÀÌ ÓÀáÉÈÀÀ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÖËÉ. ÌÀÂ.:

ÌÉãÍëÌ | ÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌ | ÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌ | ÌÉãÍëÌÌÉãÍëÌ | ÌÉãÍëÌ-ÃÃÃÃ ÙÀË ËÏáÌÖÒãêËÄ, ÄÃÏ ÄãÉ ÉÌÛÀ ÌéÓÚÉ ËÀÓ? (ÜÏË.) _ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÃÀÄáÌÀÒÀ (ÌÀÍ ÂÀÖßÉÀ ÃÀáÌÀÒÄÁÀ), ÈÏÒÄ ÉÓ ÒÉÓÉ ÂÀÌÊÄÈÄÁÄËÉ ÉÚÏ?

Ñìæ ÄÍÌÄâÒÄ ËÉÂÍêË ÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌÃ É ÄãÎÀÒì Ñ’ÄÍÂÄÍíËá! (ËÛá.) _ ÂÀÄÂÏ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÀÃÂÏÌÀ ÃÀ ÉÓÉÍÉÝ ÀÃÂÄÁÏÃÍÄÍ!

ãÉÍÄÌ | ãÉÍÄÌÃãÉÍÄÌ | ãÉÍÄÌÃãÉÍÄÌ | ãÉÍÄÌÃãÉÍÄÌ | ãÉÍÄÌÃ ÀÌÑÉ ÒðØæÄ (ÁØ.)_ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÀÓÄ ÈØÅÀ; ÌÉÜÌÉÜÌÉÜÌÉÜ ÄÒ ËÄâéÒêË áêÒêÍ, ÄÜØÀ ÎÀÃÖÒ ÃÄÓÀ ËéÌêÒ ÌÄâÄÃ (ËÛá.) _

ÈÅÉÈÏÍ (ÌÀÓ) ÒÏÌ ÓÀáÅÄßÀÒÉ äØÏÍÏÃÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÓÖË ÀÒ ÚÏ×ÉËÀ ßÀÌÏÌÓÅËÄËÉ,

Ø’êÎ ÌÉÜÌÉÜÌÉÜÌÉÜ ÏáâìÃÀ É ÓÂ’êÎ ÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌÃÌÉãÍëÌÃ ÄÃÔéáÀÓ (ÜÏË.) _ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ (ÌÀÓ) ÂÀÌÏÖÔÀÍÉÀ ÃÀ ÛÄÔÀÍÉÈÀÝ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ (ÌÀÍ) ÛÄÉÔÀÍÏÓ…

64

v a j a S e n g e l i av a j a S e n g e l i av a j a S e n g e l i av a j a S e n g e l i a


nacvalsaxelTa konteqsturi formebi megrulSinacvalsaxelTa konteqsturi formebi megrulSinacvalsaxelTa konteqsturi formebi megrulSinacvalsaxelTa konteqsturi formebi megrulSi

megruli nacvalsaxelebi SesitKvebaSi xmarebisas xSirad gansxvavebul formebs warmogvidgenen.

1. cnobilia, rom saxelobiTi brunvis -iiii niSnis paralelu-rad konteqstSi nulovani niSanic SeiZleba Segvxvdes (-i da Ø fakultaturi variantebi; asea es nacvalsaxelebSic (mag., sqa-niiii/sqan dixa `Seni miwa~, enefiiii/enef ragadana èseni laparako-ben~, miTiniiii/miTin vamurs àravin ar modis~).

2. aTeaTeaTeaTenananana ès~ da eTieTieTieTinananana ìs~ nacvalsaxelebi SesitKvebaSi reducirebuli saxiT SeiZleba Segvxvdes: aTaTaTaTnananana da eT eT eT eTnananana (mag., aTena/aTna murs ès modis~, eTina/eTna gobaruns ìs gaberavs~), rac sitKvis ormarcvlovanobisken miswrafebiT aixsneba.

3. kiTxviT nacvalsaxels nanananamu mu mu mu `romeli~ SeiZleba boloki-duri u u u u moekvecos (mag., namu/nam req `romeli xar~).

4. kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli mi mi mi mi (< minminminmin) `vin~ calke da konteq-stSic Cveulebriv nnnn-s gareSe gvxvdeba (mxolod mravlobiTSi gveqneba nnnn: minefi `vinebi~), magram rererere àris~ zmnasTan xmarebi-sas nnnn-s aGidgens: min remin remin remin re? º mimimimininininieeee? º minminminminÁÁÁÁeeee? `vin aris?~

r e v a z S e r o z i ar e v a z S e r o z i ar e v a z S e r o z i ar e v a z S e r o z i a


erTi Jgufis zmnaTa uGlebisaTvis megrulSierTi Jgufis zmnaTa uGlebisaTvis megrulSierTi Jgufis zmnaTa uGlebisaTvis megrulSierTi Jgufis zmnaTa uGlebisaTvis megrulSi

1. megrul metKvelebaSi gamoiKofa zmnebi, romlebic

formiT vnebiTebia (i-prefiqsianebi). isini uzmniswinod

adgilze gamoerebad qmedebas gamoxataven (iiii----beTqbeTqbeTqbeTq----uuuu_/

iiii----baTqbaTqbaTqbaTq----uuuu baTqunobs), zmniswiniT _ amave saxis qmedebiT

65

siaruls (mi-beTq-u mibaTqunobs). zmniswinianebs uGlebis

sruli paradigma aqvT (mibeTqu_midebeTqu_mide-

beTq(ˆ)...). uzmniswinoebi (an gegegege-, gigigigi da romelime loka-

luri rTuli zmniswinianebi) mxolod awmKos wris na-

kvTebs awarmoeben iseve, rogorc baTqunobs, mibaTqunobs

tipis zmnebi. zmniswiniangebisa da uzmniswinoebis Sesaba-

misi masdarebi -inininin sufiqsiTaa gaformebuli (beTq-in-i).

2. -alalalal sufiqsiT garTulebuli da aaaa-xmovniani igive

Zirebi e-xmovnianTa msgavsad iniani vnebiTis Kaidaze

iuGvlian, _ sruli paradigma aqvT: mimimimi////iiii----baTbaTbaTbaTqalqalqalqal----u u u u _ mimimimi----

dedededebaTbaTbaTbaTqaqaqaqalulululu (ˆ); mimimimi////iCarqiCarqiCarqiCarq----alalalal----uuuu ( ( ( (eeee----xmovxmovxmovxmovninininiaaaani ini ini ini i----CerqCerqCerqCerq----uuuu))))

borZikobs _ mimimimidededede----CarqCarqCarqCarq----alalalal (ˆ) borZikiT, fexareuli wavi-

da...

uzmniswino (an gegegege-, gigigigi da romelime lokalur, rTul

zmniswinian) da mi-zmniswinian formebs Soris Sinaarsob-

rivad iseTive urTierTmimarTebaa, rogorc iiii----beTqbeTqbeTqbeTq----uuuu _

mimimimi----beTqbeTqbeTqbeTq----uuuu warmoebas Soris. gansxvaveba uGvlilebisas

Cans, -alalalal sufiqsianebs, zmniswiniania Tu ara, mKofadi da

danarCeni nakveTebi erTnairad ewarmoebaT: ((((gigigigi))))iiii _ ZvaZvZvaZvZvaZvZvaZv----

alalalal----uuuu daZunZulebs, ZunZuliT saqmianobs, midis _ mide-

ZvaZv-al-(ˆ) waZunZulda...

3. zogJer xmovanTa dapirispireba ZirSi ar Cans,

gvaqvs mxolod a-xmovniani varianti. amasTan, ar dastur-

deba misi -alalalal sufiqsiani formac:

gigigigi////iiii----caccaccaccac----uuuu daacecebs, dafusfusebs; mimimimi----caccaccaccac----uuuu (gile-

cac-u) midis, dadis;

gigigigi////iiii----JarJJarJJarJJarJ----uuuu zozinebs, fexs iTrevs; mimimimi----JarJJarJJarJJarJ----uuuu (gile-

JarJ-u) zoziniT midis;

gigigigi////iiii----kvanwkvanwkvanwkvanw----uuuu qanaobs, daqanaobs (Sdr.: ikikikikvanvanvanvanweweweweba ba ba ba kox-

tad, moxdenilad Slis, amoZravebs xelebs (cekvis dros),

66

qegl); mimimimi----kvanwkvanwkvanwkvanw----uuuu (gile-kvanw-u) rxeviT, qanaobiT midis

(dadis)...

aGniSnuli zmnebic mKofads ver awarmoeben.

4. dasaxelebul zmnur formaTa agebis principebi da

uGvlileba identuria saliteraturo ipaipaipaiparerererebabababa----mimimimiiiiipapapaparerererebabababa,,,,

ikikikiklanlanlanlankekekekebabababa----mimimimiikikikiklanlanlanlankekekekebabababa... ... ... ... forforforformemememebibibibisasasasa.

n a n a n a n a n a n a n a n a c e c x l a Z e c e c x l a Z e c e c x l a Z e c e c x l a Z e

(baTumi. n. berZeniSvilis instituti) frazeologiuri sinonimebi samxrulSi da frazeologiuri sinonimebi samxrulSi da frazeologiuri sinonimebi samxrulSi da frazeologiuri sinonimebi samxrulSi da maTi konotaciuri analizimaTi konotaciuri analizimaTi konotaciuri analizimaTi konotaciuri analizi

samxruli metKveleba mdidaria sinonimuri frazeologiuri

erTeulebiT. aq Semonaxulia ZvelqarTuli, klasikuri sitKvaT-

Sexamebani. zog maTganSi qarTuli leqsema TurquliTaa Senac-

vlebuli; daculia sakuTriv ayaruli idiomatikac, maT gver-

diT gvxvdeba Turquli kalkebic.

sinonimuri frazeologizmebi qmnian struqturul varian-

tebsac. maT aqvT erTnairi sagnobriv-logikuri mniSvneloba,

magram stilistikuri niuansebiT gansxvadebian erTmaneTisagan

da saTqmels gansxvavebul emociur elfers aniyeben. uazro,

uTavbolo, momabezrebeli saubari samxrul metKvelebaSi ara-

erTi frazeologizmiT gadmoicema: `win-ukan laparikobs~, `ka-

ya-kuyai laparikobs~, `yvavis yiboni da Tiknis davli~, `xeberi

ar iq~, `Zem gadmeiara~, `guda gamocala~, `laparikSi kata daam-

tria~, `laparikSi Jixriki daamtria~... TiToeuli maTgani Sesa-

ferisia konkretuli situaciisaTvis, isini saTqmels ramdenad-

me gansxvavebul elfers aniyeben. maT Soris Kvelaze eqspresiu-

lia `Zem gadmeiara~ (xandazmulobis gamo areulad laparakobs)

67

da `yvavis yiboni da Tiknis davli~ (Seusabamo, uazro sauba-

ri).

1. gansakuTrebiT mravalferovania sikvdilis semantikis

gamomxatveli idiomatika. sasaubro stilSi, andazebSi, afo-

rizmebsa Tu wKevlis formulebSi araerTi aseTi frazeolo-

gizmia. maTi umravlesoba disfemizmia. mag: Cenge miegrixa, Cenge

Cieklita, suli gaSpa, suli diegliJa, suli gaZra, suli misca,

lextze Tavi miartKa... evfemizmi saerTod iSviaTia. mag: wei-

xura miwis sabani, Savi murgvi mugorda.

2. gabrazeba, ganawKeneba gadmoicema frazeologizmebiT:

Kurebi CamoKara, cxviri duSva, folo duSva. es ukanaskneli

vulgarulad gadmogvcems saTqmels.

3. ganrisxeba ase gadmoicema: xaxaSi Gvelfi aq CaKrili,

xiSmi yama, Salvari abruna, yipze geirCa. Kvela maTgani stilu-

rad gansxvavebulia.

4. Zaldatanebis, gamwarebis gamomxatveli stiluri fraze-

ologizmebia: buxarSi SaaZrumla, buxridan ktari aatania, lem-

sis KurSi gaaZrumla, Cenge Siaqanebia, zori misca...

5. Sercxvenis, sircxvilis ymevis gamomxatveli frazeolo-

gizmebia: bukSi Capurtneba, xaxaSi Capurtneba, wveris pirSi Ca-

deba, cocxlad mezerSi Cadeba. Kvela maTgani stilistikurad

markirebulia. wveri pirSi Ceidva niSnavs sircxvilnayamma xma

veGar amoiGo.

6. sizarmacis gamomxatvel sinonimur frazeologizmebs

ironiuli elferi aqvT: xanumoba muara, Tvalebs sira-sira axi-

lebs...

7. semantikurad gansxvavebuli da stilistikurad markire-

bulia frazeologizmTa struqturuli variantebic. bibliuri

dalocvis Tu wKevlis arqauli formulebi qmnian dialeqtur

saxesxvaobebs. mayaxlelTa metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba stilurad

markirebuli variantebi: GmerTma Sens kaloze anwli\\uinya-

ri\\leGvi digirgos.

8. ficis formulebis frazeologiuri variantebi stilu-

rad markirebuli araa (Seni Tvalebi||suli momarTvi).

68

9. frazeologiuri variantebidan maGali eqspresiulobiT

gamoirCeva kalkuri frazeologizmebi an iseTi sitKvaTSexameba-

ni, romlebSic qarTuli leqsema TurquliTaa Secvlili (ia-

lanCi dunia, iuzi misca, xeberi ar aq, sixinTi aq movlili,

zaxmeTi gamovlili aq).

sazogadod SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samxrul frazeologiz-

mebs dabali eqspresiuloba axasiaTebs. maT familaruli mniS-

vneloba aqvs, rac sasaubro-saKofacxovrebo stilis specifikaa.

erTnairi azrobrivi mniSvnelobis Tu gansxvavebuli seman-

tikis, stilistikurad markirebuli frazeologizmebi struq-

turuli variantebiT amdidrebs samxrul metsvelebas, kidev

ufro eqspresiuls xdis mas.

aaaa llll e q s ie q s ie q s ie q s i y i n y a r a u l i y i n y a r a u l i y i n y a r a u l i y i n y a r a u l i


`̀̀̀vefxistKvefxistKvefxistKvefxistKaosnisaosnisaosnisaosnis~ ~ ~ ~ enis mimarTebisaTvis herulenis mimarTebisaTvis herulenis mimarTebisaTvis herulenis mimarTebisaTvis herul dialeqtTandialeqtTandialeqtTandialeqtTan (ganmeorebuli zmniswinebi poemaSi)

poemaSi dasturdeba aseTi zmnuri formebi:

1. avTandil misi gaKrili tirs, xma asasasaswvTewvTewvTewvTebisbisbisbis, aaaa, camdis

(949;953/952).

2. sves da yames, dasawolad Kma gagagagavivivividadadada gareT, gar, gagagaga-

(1078; 1079).

3. `ver vasmine saubari, miT davKovdavKovdavKovdavKovnenenene xani mun, dadadada- (89;

91/90); davar Tqva: `mqmneli amisa vin ar dadadadamqomqomqomqoloslosloslos, vin ar, dadadada-~

(580; 585/582); `ar amovkrefdi gamKofTa, vTqvi: `CemTa rad dadadada----

vrivrivrivridodododo, dadadada-?~ (602; 606/603) da sxv.

4. `Grubelica ver mixvdebis, me mimimimisrulsrulsrulsrulvarvarvarvar sada, mimimimi- sad!`

(247; 251/250); `Cemi Tqvi, ra vqna xelqmnilman, mze mimimimimemememefafafafarosrosrosros,

mimimimi-, cisa?` (703; 708/706); `Tvara GamiTve tvirTebi Seni waiGe

69

viriTa, daagde Cemi midamo, srulad mimimimikrikrikrikrifefefefe, mimimimi-, riTa~ (1104;

1108).

5. itKoda: `momomomomklavsmklavsmklavsmklavs ucilod tani alvisa, momomomo-, xisa!~

(1256; 1260); fatman Tqva: `GmerTsa dideba, saqmeni momomomomxvdesmxvdesmxvdesmxvdes,

momomomo- rani~ (1264; 1268); `mas adre vpovebT, visica, momomomogvklavsgvklavsgvklavsgvklavs

alvisa, momomomo-, tani~ (1381; 1386/1387).

6. `diacsa wKena SeatKva, naxa SeSeSeSeslvislvislvislviTaTaTaTa, SeSeSeSe-, viTa~ (1094;

1098); qalsa Seswba, gauficxa SeSeSeSe- da gamogamogamogamo- gulman krToma

(1539; 1543/1544).

7. `viTa mona samsaxurad ganaGamca wawawawaveveveve, wawawawa- me!~

(134;135/134); `TvalTa wina wawawawagvigvigvigvivivivividadadada, laGi, kuSti, amaKi. wawawawa-!~

(206; 210/209); avTandilsca cremli wawawawasdissdissdissdis wamwamTagan erTsa-

xe, wawawawa- (656; 652/659) da sxva.

didma mecnierma da rusTvelologma akademikosma akaki Sa-

niZem misi xelmZGvanelobiT Sedgenil `vefxistKaosnis simfoni-

aSi~ es zmniswinebi cal-calke Seitana da isini ase ganmarta:

`gagagaga [winamavali zmnis ganmeorebuli zmniswini]~ `dadadada zmniswini,

ganmeorebiT naxmari zmnis mniSnelobis gasaZliereblad]~ (1111).

axsnilia zemoT damowmebuli Kvela zmniswini.

cxadia, rom es aris poeturi xerxi, rac, aGniSnulis

garda, xels uwKobs riTmis mowesrigebas da taepSi marcvalTa

raodenobis dacvasac. es ar aris poetis mier axal saliter-

turo qarTulSi Semotanili inovacia, es aris xalxuri metKve-

lebis samwerlo enaSi damkvidrebis erT-erTi faqti. Kvela

zmniswini qarTul enaSi uxsovar dros gaCnda da igi zmnas win

mierTvoda. `winwinwinwindedededebulbulbulbul-i 1. Tandebuli, romelic win daerTvis

saxels (daKofa Cemia, a. y.). 2. zmniswini, preverbi~ (qegl).

Koveli maTgani pirvelad, albaT, romeliGac zmnis fuZem moi-

Txova, romlis amocnobac zogJer yirs, magaliTad, mimimimi- winsar-

Tia, magram igi Zvel qarTul teqstebSi erTvis saxelis ama Tu

im brunvis formas: `Tualni monaTani ÃelTami (ÃelTa mimarT

g) ufalTa maTTasa~ (fs. 122, 2); `romeli GaGadvKav Sendami~ (a fs. 6,7). am zmniswinTa xmareba Zvel qarTulSic iSviaTi ar

unda KofiliKo: momomomo- (mogual:) mosvla: `momomomo da movideT~ (luka

70

2, 15); SeSeSeSe- `mparavni SeSeSeSe da gamokrbebian~ (m. sw. 148, 26) (2222).

(avtografSi unda gvqonoda: `Se da gamo krbebian~). misi iSvia-Tad xmareba werilobiT ZeglebSi imis bralia, rom am winde-

bulTa nazavma adreve icvala saxe: `Se+da → Sda → STa → Ca~

(3333. $ 310, 314).

rusTveli `mi~ da `mo~ windebulebs zmnis win, magram mas-

Tan SeurwKmelad iKenebs da amiT zmnis or mniSvnelobas

gadmoscems: viTa kakabi arwivsa qveSe mi da momi da momi da momi da mo Zrweboda (229;

233/232); `guli mi da momi da momi da momi da mo miarda, krTeboda da memalvoda (378;

383/380); òden davmiwdi, davnacrdi, guli mi da momi da momi da momi da mo krTeboda~

(511; 515/512); veGar gardeswrnes, garduxlta mterTa mi da mi da mi da mi da

momomomo mleweli (1039; 1043); uTxra: ar giSli, diaco, ferTa mi mi mi mi

da moda moda moda mo krTolasa~ (1096;1100); ùmisjamisod cudia Cemgan mi da mi da mi da mi da

momomomo rbenani~ (1469; 1474/1475); laSqarni rbodes mi da momi da momi da momi da mo

(1503; 1507/1508).

martivi preverbi Tu zmnis bolomokvecili zmnebi `vefxis-

tsaosanSi~ sakmaod bevria:

`raTgan merCio, nu mercxvi, gaegaegaegae, rasaGa grcxvenian~ (1526;

1530/1531);

man uTxra: `gaegaegaegae nu ubnob, Secev brolisa Korebi~ (1559;

1562/1564);

`momomomo, zualo, momimate cremli cremlsa, yiri yirsa~ (955;

959/958);

`momomomo, mTvareo, Semibrale, vilevi da Senebr vmyldebi~ (960;

964/963);

`modi, momKev aqa sadme, momomomo,,,, giCveneb mzisa fersa~ (1150;

1154); da sxv.

`wawawawa, magra momxvdes raGa vqna, Tu siSorisa grZeloba!~

(144; 145/144);

`wawawawa, Seebi xataelTa, Tavi kargad gamaCvene~ (377; 382/379);

ùbrZana, qaJeTs gaggzavni, wawawawa, gzani gisxen Sorani!~ (1264;

1268).

`vefxistKaosanSi~ KuradGebas iqcevs aseTi bolomokvecili

formebi:

71

`gagagagaveveveve, vican, movexvie...~ (1195; 1199);

àw vaSad momomomoxvexvexvexve, meama naxva Senisa pirisa~ (293; 298/296);

mibrZana: `mikvirs, rad moxve mSleli pirisa mtkicisa~

(527; 526/523);

ubrZana: `ra gyirs, ra ici, rad momomomoxvexvexvexve Seyirvebuli?~ (751;

755/756);

`mosruliKo, moslva eTqva, Senca momomomoxvexvexvexve, SemeSina~ (1203;

1207);

`ra sulad momomomoveveveve, Semesma xma tirilisa da visa~ (346; 351,

348);

`Sina momomomoveveveve, moklva misi davapire, ar davKmundi~ (554;

559/556);

àr mimimimiveoveoveoveo axlos SeKrad, Tavi Cemi SeviwKale~ (268;

272/272);

`Seve, dadadadavJevJevJevJe taxtsa zeda, qali modga noxTa pirsa~ (371;

376/373);

`Sina sworni wavitanen, Cemsa dadadadavJevJevJevJe, mTqvian alvad~ (367;

372/369);

`Seve, dadadadavJevJevJevJe nadimadve, Cemni sworni sada smides~ (384;

389/386) da sxv.

`dadadadaJeJeJeJe werad yirTa CemTa, melnad mogcem cremlTa tbasa~

(999; 963/962);

tariel uTxra: `Sen dadadadaJeJeJeJe, swadian bryeTa bryeTasa~ (1537;

1541/1542);

`SeSeSeSevJevJevJevJe, wamove, nakadi mdioda cremlTa milisa~ (397;

402/399);

`SeSeSeSevJevJevJevJe, wawawawaveveveve, baGCas mimimimiveveveve, viTa scnobde lxinTa zomiT!~

(516; 521/518);

ìsmine Cemi Txrobili, SeSeSeSeJeJeJeJe, wavideT nebasa~ (877; 881/

880);

èrTxel SeSeSeSeJeJeJeJe, cxenosani gnaxo Cemi sulTa mxdeli~ (887;

891/890);

exveweboda: `SeSeSeSeJeoJeoJeoJeo~, aJas xvewniTa arvebda~ (888; 892/891)

da sxv.

72

`muniT wasruli CamoCamoCamoCamovxevxevxevxe, tevrisa rasme kidesa~ (428;

433/4300;

`CamoCamoCamoCamoxexexexe da mogaxsenoT ambavi da saqme Cveni~ (1026; 1030);

`wawawawaveveveve, mona wavitane, ramca uTxar amisTana!~ (390; 395/392);

`SeGamda, wawawawaveveveve, baGisa me kari Seviareo~ (405; 410/407);

`razmi davawKev, mivhmarTe, wawawawaveveveve didiTa swrafiTa~ (439;

444/441);

`wamowamowamowamoveveveve, devna damiwKes, davxoce Cemi mdevari~ (557;

562/558);

etKvis: `ra wawawawaxvexvexvexve, gaiyra, qvabs Kofa misyirda viTa~ (841;

845/844);

wawawawahxehxehxehxe (← wahxed): `sad wawawawahxehxehxehxe da sad dahkargen sinaTlisa

ege svetni?~ (819; 823/821).

moZraobis (mimarTulebis) aGmniSvnel zmnebSi aseTi gamar-

tivebuli formebi pirvelad `vefxistKaosanSi~ Cndeba da, ra

Tqma unda, maTi wKaro xalxuri metKvelebaa. davimowmeb xevsu-

ruli dialeqtis monacemebs, romelic, sxvaTa Soris, Kvela

sxva qarTul dialeqtTan SedarebiT, TvalSi sacem siaxloves

amjGavnebs herul-ingilourTan (amaze _ calke):

`aesaesaesaes aGma siarulisas (Sdr. saba: ais, p. xub.: aise-d Cais~ (4444);

`gagagaga!-gagagaga! (← gadi-gadi): miTxos aldisZe gadidda, ÃarT hkaz-

mebs, etKvis `ga!-ga!~-sa (Sdr. gaisi, gaisad) (5555. 19, 8); `amaamaamaamaeseseses amovlisas, qvemodan aqeTken siarulisas, amosvlisas.

[mÃedars] amaes amavitaceb, rogorc faTolas qario (5555. 18, 21);

gabuurT mziri audga dila, amaes mzisasa~ (6666. 40, 104);

`mimimimi-z-dddd-mamamama-z-diTdiTdiTdiT: midixar-modixarT, dadixarT. ar gaqvisT

gamasacvleli, mizmizmizmiz----mazmazmazmazdiTdiTdiTdiT, rogorc Cafari~ (7777);

`mimimimieseseses iqiTke svlisas. mimimimieseseses midian mTelebi~(iqve);

`mivmivmivmiv----mavmavmavmav////miemiemiemie----memememeeseseses~ (iqve);

`mivmivmivmiv////mivmivmivmiv[[[[asasasas]/]/]/]/mimimimivavavavalililili-s midis. TilisZeT gorgi velT mimimimivavavava,

gavKvaT amagis kvalsao~ (iqve);

`mimimimiviaviaviavia----momomomoviaviaviavia cvalebadia. jami mimimimiviaviaviavia----momomomoviaviaviavia mucus TorGvais

karzeda~ (iqve);

73

`momomomoeseseses aqeTken svlisas. mies midian mTelebi, momomomoeeeesasasasa _ daxeu-

lebi~ (iqve);

`SaSaSaSaeseseses, , , , gagagagamamamamaeseseses: gamosvlisas an wKlis dinebis mimarTulebiT

siarulisas. qve-viTaimav SaSaSaSaeseseses gaataniav laxtsaoØ qve-viTaimav

gagagagamamamamaeeeesavsavsavsav~ (iqve). Sdr. `vefxistsaosani~: SeSeSeSeisisisis sasobs, gagagagaisisisis qu-

Sobs, ena asre moaKivnebs (759; 763/761);

`SaSaSaSamaemaemaemae[[[[ssss]]]] a) Semosvlis dros. welwadSaSaSaSamamamamaeseseses wuxrasa leqsi

unda vTqva axali (7); b) wKlis dinebis sawinaaGmdego mimarTu-

lebiT siarulisas, aqeTobisa. [tKveebs] SaSaSaSamomomomoeseseses SamavavliaT

diGmis mindori gZelia~ (iqve);

`CaeCaeCaeCae Cadi. bakurÃevs CaeCaeCaeCae soflada, stumaro Tavis disao~

(iqve);

`CaCaCaCaeseseses Cavlisas~ (iqve);

`CaCaCaCamamamamaeseseses zemodan qvemoT svlisas. daglaÃav, sazviniao, dila,

CaCaCaCamamamamaeseseses mzisasa~ (iqve). (igulisxmeba, rom xeobaSi Crdilis mxa-

res mcxovrebTaTvis mopirdapire mTis ferdobze dilis mzis

Suqi qvemodan modis);

`waewaewaewae////weeweeweewee wadi. weeweeweewee, Tore dagiGamdebis~ (iqve);

`wawawawamaemaemaemae[[[[didididi]]]] wamodi. `wawawawamaemaemaemae, sanadirod wavidaT~ (iqve).

aseTi formebi met-naklebi sixSiriT qarTuli enis sxva di-

aleqtebisTvisac ar aris ucxo da mxatvrul literaturaSiac

dasturdeba. maTi xalxurobidan momdinareobas adasturebs am

formis personajTa metKvelebaSi povniereba. zog aseT masalas

davimowmeb al. Kazbegis ortomeulidan (8888).

_ xvale gamoxval?

_ gagagaga... (I, 217);

_ gamoiare, gagagaga! (II, 369);

_ nua-Ga, nu!.. nu ecdebi, Tore gananeb, gagagaga. agremc Segeweva

zedaniSi! (II, 376);

_ gacocxldeboda, gagagaga... GvTis madlma (I, 111);

_ marto me gadaval xmaldaxmal, gagagaga, Seni risxva ara maqvs

(I, 64);

_ davarisxoT, ddddaaaa! (II, 499);

_ maimaimaimai (← madi, modi) maimaimaimai, vaxSmad aq darCi (II, 370);

74

_ vojebo! maimaimaimai, meTaurni abdiasTan avideT (I, 166);

_ maimaimaimai, magas Tavi daanebe (I, 173);

_ maimaimaimai, elguJau, snos wKalze me waval (I, 187);

_ maS modixar?

_ momomomo... (I, 57);

_ mamamamariririri (← mamride, momeride): _ mamamamariririri! mamamamariririri-meTqi! ganume-

ora nunum (I, 240);

_ SevudgeT, SeSeSeSe. Seni kvnesame! (II, 502);

_ Cavides mefesTan, CaCaCaCa! (I, 84);

_ wavediT, Cemo Kvelav, wawawawa! (II, 383).

qarTul dialeqtologiaSi Kvelaze meti Seumoklebeli Tu

Semoklebuli gameorebuli formebi herul-ingilour dialeqtSi

dasturdeba. ZiriTadad meordeba gagagagavivivividadadada, , , , wawawawavivivividadadada zmnebSi (abaSvi-li vasil, qarTuli enis ingilouri dialeqti, Tb., 2009 w.).

melam daagda tumaraÁ, gardixorwa, wavwavwavwav (9999. 339);

[germania] rostoviT gagagagavdavdavdavda, wawawawavdavdavdavda (10101010. 305);

daÁyires isic... daÁkarga, aÁmag gavgavgavgav, wawawawavdavdavdavda (iqve, 241);

Con dogKara, ulaK galala, gavgavgavgav, wawawawavdavdavdavda (iqve, 246);

adga, gavgavgavgav, wawawawavdavdavdavda kac (iqve, 254);

danarCenev afeKdnen, gagagaga, wawawawavnenvnenvnenvnen (iqve, 268);

Ãel-feK Seborkil gaaciles, gagagaga, wawawawavdavdavdavda (iqve, 292);

cxen gafrinda, gavgavgavgav, wa…dawa…dawa…dawa…da (iqve, 131);

Kmaw‘l janvarma gastaca, Áalla! gavgavgavgav, wawawawavdavdavdavda! (iqve, 144);

aÁqiTi aisrebian, gavgavgavgav, wawawawavlenvlenvlenvlen isen (iqve, 146);

aÁqaÁ gasulan, gagagagaÁÁÁÁ,,,, wawawawasusususulanlanlanlan (iqve, 160);

am gudas aikidevs... gagagaga, mivmivmivmiv (iqve, 226);

gñl Camodis, iqaÁ miixorwñb, gaagaagaagaa, mivmivmivmiv (iqve, 141);

e qalev izdevian, gagagagaÁÁÁÁ, gaaTxuevel droÁ kehtem (iqve, 196);

wawawawaÁÁÁÁ, moslaSi getK‘ (iqve, 168);

wawawawaÁÁÁÁ, momomomoÁÁÁÁ, kede (= maSin) getK‘ (iqve, 168);

wawawawaÁÁÁÁ, da marwKic maÁG (iqve, 176).

mSobliur herul kiloSi damkvidrebuli es enobrivi mo-

vlena `vefxistKaosnis~ avtorma warmatebiT gamoiKena poetur

xelovnebaSi.

75

gamoKenebuli wKaroebigamoKenebuli wKaroebigamoKenebuli wKaroebigamoKenebuli wKaroebi

`vefxistKaosnis~ simfonia Sedgenili a. SaniZis xelmZGvane-

lobiT, Tbilisi, 1956 w.

abulaZe ilia, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tbilisi,

1973 w.

SaniZe akaki, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tbilisi,

1953 w.

xubutia pavle, TuSuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1969 w.

oCiauri aleqsi, fSav-xevsuruli poezia, Tbilisi, 1970 w.

SaniZe akaki, qarTuli xalxuri poezia, I, xevsuruli, Tbi-

lisi, 1931 w.

yinyarauli aleqsi, xevsuruli leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 2005 w.

Kazbegi aleqsandre, Txzulebani or tomad, Tbilisi, 1962 w.

Tofuria varlami, gigineiSvili ivane, qavTaraZe ivane, qar-Tuli dialeqtologia, I, Tbilisi, 1961 w.

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