Modul Mikrocontroler

MODUL PRAKTIKUM

PEMROGRAMAN MIKROKONTROLER

disusun oleh :

Dolly Indra, S.Kom., M.MSI

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKAFAKULTAS ILMU KOMPUTER

UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA

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PENDAHULUAN

TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM Tujuan dari keseluruhan praktikum ini adalah agar praktikan mampu memprogram

mikrokontroler keluarga MCS-51 untuk diterapkan pada aplikasi LED dan 7 Segmen.

RUANG LINGKUP Praktikum ini mencakup percobaan menggunakan modul training kit dengan bantuan

Personal computer (PC) dan software Notepad, MIDE dan Progisp168.

SISTEMATIKA PANDUAN PRAKTIKUM DASAR MIKROKONTROLER KELUARGA MCS-51

Panduan praktikum mikrokontroler keluarga MCS-51 ini terbagi dalam 9 bab. Adapun garis besar masing-masing percobaan adalah sebagai berikut :

1. PENDAHULUAN Membahas mengenai tujuan praktikum, ruang lingkup serta sistematika panduan

praktikum dasar mikrokontroler keluarga MCS-51.

2. PENJELASAN PERANGKAT PRAKTIKUM Membahas mengenai perangkat keras, cara menghubungkan perangkat keras, perangkat

lunak serta cara menggunakan perangkat lunak.

3. PERCOBAAN 1 PENGGUNAAN PORT I/O (A) Praktikan mampu membuat program input dan output menggunakan Port 1 secara per

bit dan byte.

4. PERCOBAAN 2 PENGGUNAAN PORT I/O (B) Praktikan mampu membuat program input dan output menggunakan Port yang ada pada

IC 89C51.

5. PERCOBAAN 3 PROGRAM FLIP-FLOP LED (A) Praktikan mampu membuat program flip-flop untuk LED (mati-hidup secara bergantian)

6. PERCOBAAN 4 PROGRAM FLIP-FLOP LED (B) Praktikan mampu membuat program flip-flop untuk LED (mati-hidup secara

bergantian).

7. PERCOBAAN 5 PROGRAM FLIP-FLOP LED (C) Praktikan mampu membuat program flip-flop untuk LED (mati-hidup secara

bergantian).

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8. PERCOBAAN 6 SEVEN SEGMEN (A) Praktikan mampu memahami rangkaian interface dan membuat program untuk

menampilkan angka dan huruf pada seven segment (7-Segments).

9. PERCOBAAN 7 SEVEN SEGMEN (B) Praktikan mampu memahami rangkaian interface dan membuat program untuk

menampilkan angka dan huruf pada seven segment (7-Segments) dengan menggunakan data array

10. PERCOBAAN 8 SEVEN SEGMEN (C) Praktikan mampu memahami rangkaian interface dan membuat program untuk

menampilkan angka dan huruf pada seven segment (7-Segments) dengan menggunakan teknik scanning.

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PENJELASAN PERANGKAT PRAKTIKUM

PERANGKAT KERAS Perangkat keras yang digunakan dalam setiap praktikum adalah :

1. Personal Computer (PC)2. Modul Training Kit3. Downloader dengan interface USB4. Kabel (Interface antara PC dengan Downloader)5. Adaptor

CARA MENGHUBUNGKAN PERANGKAT KERAS Petunjuk penggunaan Trainer1. Hubungkan konektor PS pada modul ke Supply +5V

2. Hubungkan konektor programmer pada modul trainer dengan downloader.3. Hubungkan interface USB antara komputer dengan downloader4. Lakukan percobaan sesuai dengan gambar skematik rangkaian.5. Lakukan pengaturan jumper dan posisi sw sesuai dengan kebutuhan.

Tabel Posisi SW

NO POSISI FUNGSI

1 Programming Proses Pengisian mikroprosesor IC 89C51

2 RUN /EN ADC Mode Stand Alone / Untuk menjalankan ADC dan tekan tombol reset

PERANGKAT LUNAK Perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah Notepad.exe, MIDE serta Progisp168

CARA MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK Untuk mengetik program digunakan editor Notepad.exe. Setelah menulis program simpan

dengan format : nama file.asm Contoh : lat.asm

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Gambar 2. Editor Notepad

Lakukan proses assembling (Compile).Untuk proses assembling gunakan software MIDE dengan cara panggil kembali program yang telah diketik di notepad sebelumnya (Ingat dimana file anda simpan sebelumnya). Misalnya lat.asm. Kemudian lakukan proses assembling jika berhasil maka akan muncul nama file.lst dan nama file.hexContoh : lat.asm, lat.lst, lat.hex

Gambar 3. Tampilan MIDE

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Lakukan proses pengisian ke mikrokontroler IC 89C51 Langkah-langkahnya :1. Click Erase, untuk menghapus program sebelumnya.2. Load Flash, untuk memanggil program. Program yang dipanggil dengan format :

namafile.hex3. Click Auto, untuk melakukan proses mengisian ulang program.

Gambar 4. Tampilan Progisp168

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PERCOBAAN 1

PENGGUNAAN PORT I/O (A)

TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM Praktikan mampu membuat program input dan output menggunakan Port 1 secara per bit

dan byte

DASAR TEORI Mikrokontroler AT89C51 mempunyai 40 kaki, 32 kaki diantaranya adalah kaki untuk

keperluan Port pararel. Satu port paralel terdiri dari 8 kaki, dengan demikian 32 kaki tersebut membentuk 4 port paralel, yang masing-masing dikenal sebagai Port 0, Port 1 dan Port 3. Nomor dari masing-masing jalur (kaki) dari Port paralel mulai dari 0 sampai 7, jalur (kaki) pertama Port 0 disebut sebagai P0.0 dan jalur terakhir untuk Port 3 adalah P3.7.

PERINTAH YANG DIGUNAKAN MOV : Perintah yang digunakan untuk memindahkan data SETB : Perintah yang digunakan untuk menset bit CLR : Perintah yang digunakan untuk clear bit SJMP : Perintah yang digunakan untuk melompat (Short Jump)

PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN1. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnya

ORG 0HMULAI:

SETB P0.0CLR P0.1SETB P0.2CLR P0.3SETB P0.4SETB P0.5SETB P0.6SETB P0.7SJMP MULAI

END

Pertanyaan :a. Jelaskan maksud dari perintah-perintah diatas. (Mulai dari ORG 0H

sampai END)...........................................................................................................................

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b. Output LED (Isi dengan Nyala atau Mati)Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

2. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnya ORG 0HMULAI:

MOV P0,#11100111BSJMP MULAI

END

Pertanyaan :a. Apa maksud dari perintah MOV P0,#11100111B

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b. Output LED (Isi dengan Nyala atau Mati)Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

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3. Buatlah program untuk menyalakan 8 buah led pada port 0.Perintah yang digunakan :...............................................................................................................................

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Tugas : (Dikumpulkan pada percobaan selanjutnya)1. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan Mikrokontroler2. Sebutkan & jelaskan yang termasuk dalam keluarga dari mikrokontroler

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PERCOBAAN 2

PENGGUNAAN PORT I/O (B)

TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM Praktikan mampu membuat program input dan output menggunakan Port yang ada pada IC

89C51

DASAR TEORI Selain bisa langsung memberi nilai pada setiap port pada IC 89C51, kita juga bisa

memanfaatkan carry flag disimbolkan dengan huruf “C” serta akumulator yang disimbolkan dengan huruf “A”.

Gambar 1.1 LED

PERINTAH YANG DIGUNAKAN Label SETB = Set Bit CLR = Clear Bit MOV SJMP = Short Jump

PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN

1. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnyaORG 0HMULAI:

SETB CMOV P0.0,CMOV P0.1,CMOV P0.2,CMOV P0.3,CCLR CMOV P0.4,CMOV P0.5,C

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MOV P0.6,CMOV P0.7,CSJMP MULAI

END


sampai END)

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b. Output Led (Isi dengan Nyala atau Mati)Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

2. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnyaORG 0HMULAI:

MOV A,#0C4H MOV P0,A

SJMP MULAIEND

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Pertanyaan :a. Apa maksud dari perintah MOV A,#0C4H dan MOV P0,A

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b. Output LED (Isi dengan ON atau OFF)Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

3. Buatlah program untuk menyalakan LED seperti dibawah ini.Perintah yang digunakan :

Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0ON OFF ON OFF ON ON OFF OFF

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Tugas : (Dikumpulkan pada percobaan selanjutnya)1. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud

a. LSB (Least Significant Bit)b. MSB (Most Significant Bit)

2. Apa yang dimaksud & berikan 1 contohnya :a. Immediate addressing modeb. Direct addressing modec. Register addressing mode

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PERCOBAAN 3

PROGRAM FLIP-FLOP LED (A)

TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM Praktikan mampu membuat program flip-flop untuk LED (mati-hidup secara bergantian)

DASAR TEORI

LED (Light Emitting Diode) merupakan diode yang yang bisa memancarkan cahaya jika dialiri arus listrik dari kaki anoda ke kaki katoda. Cahaya dipancarkan tergantung dari LED-nya bisa warna putih, merah, hijau, kuning dll. LED termasuk kedalam jenis-jenis diode. Penggabungan LED bisa dikelompokkan menjadi 2 yaitu common Anoda dan common katoda. Common anoda adalah semua kaki-kaki anoda-nya dikelompokkan atau disatukan sedangkan kaki-kaki katoda-nya yang menjadi inputannya, sedangkan common katoda adalah semua kaki-kaki katoda-nya dikelompokkan atau disatukan sedangkan kaki-kaki anoda-nya yang menjadi inputannya.

Agar lampu pada LED bisa mati-hidup secara bergantian maka kita harus menggunakan pewaktuan dimana waktu ini sangat penting untuk menjaga agar LED kelihatan mati-hidup secara bergantian.

Gambar 3.1. Common Anoda

Gambar 3.3. Common Katoda

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PERINTAH YANG DIGUNAKAN Label MOV P0 R0 - R2 ACALL RET

PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN

1. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnyaORG 0HMULAI: MOV P0,#00001111B ACALL DELAY MOV P0,#11110000B ACALL DELAY SJMP MULAI;------------------------------; SUBRUTIN DELAY;------------------------------DELAY: MOV R0,#5DELAY1: MOV R1,#0FFHDELAY2: MOV R2,#0 DJNZ R2,$ DJNZ R1,DELAY2 DJNZ R0,DELAY1 RETEND

a. Output Led (Isi dengan ON atau OFF)Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

2. Modifikasi program diatas dengan mengganti nilai biner pada port P0 menjadi nilai hexa. Tuliskan programnya :

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3. Buatlah program seperti display led dibawah ini secara bergantian :Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0ON ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF

Tuliskan programnya :

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Tugas : (Dikumpulkan pada percobaan selanjutnya)1. Jelaskan maksud dari perintah ACALL DELAY pada percobaan 32. Jelaskan bagaimana mengkonversi bilangan dari biner ke hexa serta

berikan 2 contohnya3. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan register

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PERCOBAAN 4

PROGRAM FLIP-FLOP LED (B)


DASAR TEORI Dengan memodifikasi program pada percobaan 3 dengan memanfaatkan logika pergeseran

maka LED bisa kita lakukan manipulasi pergerakan dari kanan ke kiri (LED menyala dari kanan ke kiri secara bergantian). Agar lampu pada LED bisa mati-hidup secara bergantian maka kita harus menggunakan pewaktuan dimana waktu ini sangat penting untuk menjaga agar LED kelihatan mati-hidup secara bergantian. Kita juga bisa memanfaatkan tombol Saklar untuk mengaktifkan LED.

Gambar 4.1 Prosedur Pergeseran dari kanan ke kiri

PERINTAH YANG DIGUNAKAN Label MOV P0 & P2 A R4 - R6 ACALL DJNZ RET

PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN 1. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnya

Org 0h

mov a,#0feh start: mov P0,a acall delay sjmp startdelay:

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mulai

mov r6,#05hdelay1: mov r5,#0ffhdelay2: mov r4,#0h djnz r4,$ djnz r5,delay2 djnz r6,delay1 retEnd


sampai END)...........................................................................................................................

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b. Output dari program diatas

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2. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnya

Org 0h

mov a,#0fehstart: mov P0,a

rl a acall delay sjmp startdelay: mov r6,#05hdelay1: mov r5,#0ffhdelay2: mov r4,#0h djnz r4,$ djnz r5,delay2 djnz r6,delay1 retEnd


Org 0h mov a,#07fh mov r0,#18hmulai: mov p0,a rr a acall delay djnz r0,mulai mov r0,#05h

kedip: mov p0,#0ffh acall delay mov p0,#00h

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acall delay djnz r0,kedip mov p0,#0ffh mov r0,#00hmati: sjmp mati

delay: mov r6,#05h

delay1:

mov r5,#0ffh

delay2:

mov r4,#0h djnz r4,$ djnz r5,delay2 djnz r6,delay1 ret

End

a. Apakah program pertama dan kedua sama outputnya. [ya/tidak]. ..............................................................................................................................

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b. Jelaskan maksud dari perintah rr a ................................................................................................................................

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3. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnya org 0hstart: mov A,P2 mov P0,A sjmp start

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end

Jalankan program dengan cara menekan tombol saklar S1 sampai S8 serta perhatikan led-nya.

S1 ditekan, isi tabel dengan ON atau OFF

Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0















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Tugas : (Dikumpulkan pada percobaan selanjutnya)

1. Apa kegunaan dari R0-R7.2. Buatlah program untuk menggeser data kekanan (dengan

memperhatikan MSB (posisi kiri) dan LSB (posisi kanan).

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PERCOBAAN 5

PROGRAM FLIP-FLOP LED (C)


DASAR TEORI Dengan memodifikasi program pada percobaan 3 dengan memanfaatkan logika pergeseran

maka LED bisa kita lakukan manipulasi pergerakan dari kiri ke kanan (LED menyala dari kiri ke kanan secara bergantian) dan pembandingan. Agar lampu pada LED bisa mati-hidup secara bergantian maka kita harus menggunakan pewaktuan dimana waktu ini sangat penting untuk menjaga agar LED kelihatan mati-hidup secara bergantian.

Gambar 5.1 Prosedur Pergeseran dari kiri ke kanan

PERINTAH YANG DIGUNAKAN Label MOV P0 & P2 A R4 – R6 CJNE ACALL DJNZ RET

PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN

1. Buatlah program untuk menggeser data kekanan ini dan amati hasilnya..........................................................................................................................

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Mulai

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Org 0h

start: mov A,P2

cjne A,#0FEh,terus

Mov P0,#00110011b

acall delay

mov P0,#11001100b

acall delay

sjmp start

terus:

cjne A,#0fDh,Start

mov p0,#0ffh

sjmp Start

delay: mov r0,#10

delay1: mov r1,#0ffh

delay2: mov r2,#0

djnz r2,$

djnz r1,delay2

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djnz r0,delay1

ret

End

Pertanyaan : 1. Jelaskan maksud dari perintah-perintah diatas. (Mulai dari ORG 0H

sampai END)

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2. Untuk melihat outputnya bagaimana. Jelaskan!

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org 0h

mulai: mov A,P2

cjne A,#0FEh,terus

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mov p0,#0h

sjmp mulai

terus:

cjne A,#0fDh,mulai

mov p0,#0ffh

sjmp mulai

end

3. Pertanyaan : 1. Jelaskan maksud dari perintah-perintah diatas. (Mulai dari ORG 0H

sampai END)

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2. Modifikasi program no.2 diatas dengan cara menekan tombol saklar S4

untuk menampilkan led seperti tabel dibawah ini serta tombol saklar

S5 mematikannya.


ON ON OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF

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1. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan Dipswitch.

2. Apa perbedaan antara saklar (yang anda praktikumkan dengan

dipswitch).

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PERCOBAAN 6

SEVEN SEGMENT (A)

TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM Praktikan mampu memahami rangkaian interface dan membuat program untuk

menampilkan angka dan huruf pada seven segment (7-Segments)

DASAR TEORI Seven segment atau di kenal dengan istilah 7 – Segments merupakan alat penampil yang

lebih baik dibandingkan dengan LED. 7 Segments dibentuk dari sekumpulan LED bisa berupa 7-segmen bersifat common Anoda dan common katoda. Display 7 Segmen dapat menampilkan data yang lebih nyata (Angka dan Huruf), misalnya kita mendapati data biner maka dengan display 7 segmen dapat disusun membentuk bilangan desimal ataupun hexa. Agar dapat dengan mudah mengkonversi data biner ke dalam data nyata untuk bilangan desimal ataupun hexa diperlukan suatu IC pengubah data biner ke 7 segmen, dalam hal ini dekoder BCD to 7 Segmen.

Dengan menggunakan dekoder mempermudah dalam aplikasi program, karena tak perlu lagi menyusun 7 bit data yang digunakan untuk menyalakan 7 segmen dalam bentuk angka atau huruf.

Gambar 6.1. Seven Segment (7 Segmen)

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Gambar 6.2. 7 – Segmen dibentuk dari sekumpulan LED

PERINTAH YANG DIGUNAKAN Label MOV ACALL SJMP R4 – R6 RET

PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN

1. Isilah tabel 6.1 dibawah ini untuk menampilkan angka seperti dibawah ini :

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Tabel 6.1. Daftar Hexa dari Tampilan Angka pada 7-Segmen

Tampilan P0.7 P0.6 P0.5 P0.4 P0.3 P0.2 P0.1 P0.0HEXA

ANGKA dp g f e d c b a

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

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2. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnya Org 0h mulai: mov p0,#0c0h; angka 0 acall delay sjmp mulai

;------------------------------; subrutin delay;------------------------------

delay: mov r6,#05h

delay1:mov r5,#0ffh

delay2:

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mov r4,#0h djnz r4,$ djnz r5,delay2 djnz r6,delay1 ret

End

Output dari program :

3. Buatlah program untuk menampilkan huruf seperti dibawah ini :

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4. Buatlah program untuk menampilkan kata HELLO

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1. Jelaskan dan gambarkan 7-Segmen sebagai common katoda2. Jelaskan dan sebutkan jenis-jenis transistor3. Apa yang dimaksud dengan dekoder ?

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PERCOBAAN 7SEVEN SEGMENT (B)


menampilkan angka dan huruf pada seven segment (7-Segments) dengan menggunakan data array

DASAR TEORI Seven segment atau di kenal dengan istilah 7 – Segments merupakan alat penampil yang

lebih baik dibandingkan dengan LED. 7 Segments dibentuk dari sekumpulan LED bisa berupa 7-segmen bersifat common Anoda dan common katoda. Display 7 Segmen dapat menampilkan data yang lebih nyata (Angka dan Huruf).

Pada data array output yang dihasilkan sama dengan percobaan sebelumnya, data-data yang akan ditampilkan disimpan dalam memori terlebih dahulu kemudian dibaca dan dikirim satu persatu, sehingga mengakibatkan programnya lebih pendek (lebih kecil), bayangkan jika data yang dikirim ada 20, 30 atau 50 data.

PERINTAH YANG DIGUNAKAN Label MOV MOVC ACALL SJMP R4 – R6 RET DB

PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN

1. Buat program untuk menampilkan angka 0 s/d 9 (data langsung dikeluarkan ke P0)

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2. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnyaOrg 0hmulai: mov r3,#10

mov dptr,#numeriknextdata: clr a

movc a,@a+dptr mov p0,a inc dptr

acall delay djnz r3,nextdata

sjmp mulai

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;------------------------------; subrutin delay;------------------------------delay: mov r6,#05hdelay1:

mov r5,#0ffhdelay2: mov r4,#0h

djnz r4,$ djnz r5,delay2 djnz r6,delay1 ret

;-----------------------------; lokasi data;-----------------------------numerik: db 0c0h,0f9h,0A4h,0B0h,99h,92h,82h,0f8h,80h,90h

End

Pertanyaan1. Jelaskan maksud perintah diatas :

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2. Jelaskan perbedaan antara program no.1 dan no.2...............................................................................................................................

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3. Buatlah program untuk menampilkan huruf A s/d F dengan cara memodifikasi program no.2 diatas.

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1. Apa guna data disimpan dalam bentuk array?2. Jelaskan cara kerja dari transistor PNP dan gambarkan simbolnya?3. Jelaskan tentang IC 74LS139?

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PERCOBAAN 8SEVEN SEGMENT (C)


menampilkan angka dan huruf pada seven segment (7-Segments) dengan menggunakan teknik scanning

DASAR TEORI Jika kita ingin menyalakan display 7 segmen lebih dari 1 digit digunakan teknik scanning,

dinama data (digit) yang akan ditampilkan pada display dikirim data secara bergantian. Dalam hal ini ingat bahwasanya untuk common itu merupakan terminal atau gabungan dari 7 led menjadi satu, apakah anoda atau katoda. Scanning display 7 segmen dinyalakan dan dimatikan secara bergantian, dalam hal ini kita butuh switching tegangan yang cukup kuat walaupun sebenarnya dengan tegangan TTL dari mikrokontroler juga bisa. Namun jika tipe 7 segmen yang digunakan membutuhkan catu daya yang lebih besar sudah tentu dibutuhkan komponen aktif eksternal sebagai switchingnya. Transistor merupakan switching yang mudah kita gunakan. Transistor PNP untuk display common anoda cocok sekali karena dari mikrokontroler cukup memberikan catuan atau trigger low pada basis maka transistor switch on.

PERINTAH YANG DIGUNAKAN

Label CLR SETB MOV ACALL SJMP R1 – R2 DJNZ RET

PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN

1. Ketikan program dibawah ini dan amati hasilnya :

org 0h start: clr P3.6 setb P3.7 mov P0,#92h call delay

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setb P3.6 setb P3.7 mov P0,#80h call delay ;call delay time sjmp start ;jump forever

;=============================================;subroutine delay created to rise delay time;=============================================

delay: mov R1,#25del1: mov R2,#25del2: djnz R2,del2

djnz R1,del1 ret end

Pertanyaana. Output dari program diatas :

display 0 display 1 display 2 display 3

b. Jelaskan maksud dari perintah diatas :...............................................................................................................................

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2. Buatlah program untuk menampilkan huruf A pada display 0 dan C pada display 3 (Lihat contoh soal no.1)...............................................................................................................................

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3. Buatlah program untuk menampilkan angka 1 pada display 0, 2 pada display 1, angka 3 pada display 2 dan angka 4 pada display 3................................................................................................................................

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1. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan istilah Trigger Low?

2. Buatlah flowchart untuk soal nomor 1.

3. Apa guna dari teknik scanning?

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LAMPIRAN

Gambar : Rangkaian Skematik Modul Training Kit

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Gambar : Konfigurasi Pin-pin 89C51

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Gambar : Modul Training Kit

Gambar : Downloader USB interface

Gambar : Kabel USB (Interface antara Komputer dengan Downloader)

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Modul Mikrocontroler

Documents

Transcript of Modul Mikrocontroler