Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita

7/25/2019 Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita

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MAKALAH PSIKOLOGI DAN KOMUNIKASI

ENCOURAGING ADHERENCE TO RECOMENDATIONS

(Kepatuhan Pasien Terhadap Anjuran )

Dosen :

AULIA ISKANDARSYAH, !Psi!, !S"!, Ph!D!

Residen :

DR#! RITA $ARDHANI

NP! %&'%%*'''

PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI SPESIALIS

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU PENYAKIT MULUT

UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN

2015

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ENCOURAGING ADHERENCE TO RECOMENDATIONS

( Kepatuhan Pasien Terhadap Anjuran )

I! Pendahu+uan

Berdasarka !a"#ra $HO "ada %a&' 200() ke"a%'&a ra%a*ra%a "as+e "ada

%era"+ ,a-ka "a,a- %er&ada" "e.ak+% kr#+s d+ e-ara /a,' &a.a seesar 50)

seda-ka d+ e-ara erke/a- ,'/!a& %erse'% a&ka !e+& reda& Ke"a%'&a

"as+e sa-a% d+"er!'ka '%'k /e3a"a+ keer&as+!a %era"+ Beera"a "e.ak+% .a-

/e/er!'ka %+-ka% ke"a%'&a "as+e .a- %+--+ a%ara !a+ D+ae%es Me!!+%'s)

H+"er%es+) As/a) Kaker) Ga--'a Me%a!) Pe.ak+% I4eks+ HIVAIDS) da TB6

Da%a $HO %erse'% /e,ad+ s'a%' -a/ara e%a"a /a,'.a s'a%' e-ara

a-ka ke"a%'&a "as+e %er&ada" %+daka "e-#a%a /as+& sa-a% reda& Ada.a

d+a-#sa da %era"+ .a- %e"a%) "e/+!+&a "e-#a%a .a- ear dar+ %ea-a

kese&a%a %+dak /e,a/+ keer&as+!a s'a%' %era"+ ,+ka %+dak d++k'%+ de-a

ke"a%'&a "as+e da /e-k#s'/s+ #a% da /e,a!aka ra-ka+a %era"+

Ke%+dak"a%'&a "ase "ada %era"+ s'a%' "e.ak+% /e/er+ka da/"ak e-a%+4

.a- 3'k'" esar .a+%' "erse%ase kas's*kas's "e.ak+% %erse'% d+ se!'r'& d'+a

/e3a"a+ 57 dar+ se!'r'& "e.ak+% "ada %a&' 2001

Beera"a &a! "e%+- .a- /e/"e-ar'&+ ke"a%'&a a%ara !a+ 4ak%#r "as+e)

4ak%#r %era"+) 4ak%#r s+s%e/ kese&a%a) 4ak%#r !+-k'-a ) da 4ak%#r s#s+a! ek##/+

Pe/ea&a 'ka &a.a "ada 4ak%#r "as+e sa,a %e%a"+ %er&ada" "e%'-as "e!aksaa

"e!a.aa kese&a%a da s+s%e/ "e!a.aa kese&a%a +%' sed+r+ &ar's d+!ak'ka

II! Tinjauan Pustaa

II.1 Pen-ertian Adherence

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Ke"a%'&a a%a' ke%aa%a 8compliance/adherence9 ada!a& %+-ka% "as+e

/e!aksaaka 3ara "e-#a%a da "er+!ak' .a- d+saraka #!e& d#k%er.a a%a' #!e&

#ra- !a+ 8S/e%) 1::79

Ke"a%'&a "as+e sea-a+ se,a'& /aa "er+!ak' "as+e ses'a+ de-a

ke%e%'a .a- d+er+ka #!e& "r#4es+#a! kese&a%a 8N+;e) 20029

Ke"a%'&a a%a' ke%aa%a %er&ada" "e-#a%a /ed+s ada!a& s'a%' ke"a%'&a

"as+e %er&ada" "e-#a%a .a- %e!a& d+%e%'ka 8Ga+%) 1:::9 Peder+%a .a- "a%'&

er#a% ada!a& .a- /e.e!esa+ka "e-#a%a se3ara %era%'r da !e-ka" %a"a

%er"'%'s se!a/a /++/a! < '!a sa/"a+ de-a : '!a 8De"kes RI) 20009

6'e# da S+der %a&' 1:=: da!a/ 'k' E3&a3+- Pa%+e% 6#/"!+a3e

>+%& T'er3'!#s+s T&era". 6!++3 + 6&es% Med+3+e %a&' 200? /e.e'%ka a&>a

"e-#a%a /e/er!'ka ,a-ka >ak%' .a- "a,a- aka /e/er+ka "e-ar'& "ada

"eder+%a se"er%+ @

a Mer'"aka s'a%' %ekaa "s+k#!#-+s a-+ se#ra- "eder+%a %a"a ke!'&a

a%a' -e,a!a "e.ak+% saa% d+.a%aka sak+% da &ar's /e,a!a+ "e-#a%a

sek+a !a/a

Ba-+ "eder+%a de-a ke!'&a a%a' -e,a!a "e.ak+% se%e!a& /e,a!a+

"e-#a%a 1*2 '!a a%a' !e+& !a/a ke!'&a aka se-era erk'ra- a%a'

&+!a- sa/a seka!+ "eder+%a aka /erasa se/'& da /a!as '%'k

/eer'ska "e-#a%a ke/a!+

3 Da%a- ke %e/"a% "e-#a%a se!a+ >ak%' .a- %ers+sa ,'-a /e'r'ka

/#%+;as+ .a- aka se/ak+ /e'r' de-a !a/a.a >ak%' "e-#a%a

d Pe-#a%a .a- !a/a /er'"aka ea d+!+&a% dar+ se-+ +a.a .a- &ar's

d+ke!'arka

e E4ek sa/"+- #a% >a!a'"' r+-a %e%a" aka /e/er+ka rasa %+dak eak %er&ada" "eder+%a

4 S'kar '%'k /e.adarka "eder+%a '%'k %er's /+'/ #a% se!a/a

,a-ka >ak%' .a- d+%e%'ka

H#re 8200<9 /ede4++s+ka adherence sea-a+ "er+!ak' /e-k#s'/s+ #a%

.a- /er'"aka kese"aka%a a%ara "as+e de-a "e/er+ rese" Da!a/ "e-er%+a

++) ke!e+&.a ada!a& ada.a keeasa dar+ "as+e da!a/ /e/'%'ska a"aka&

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aka /e.e%','+ rek#/edas+ dar+ d#k%er a%a' %+dak) da ,+ka %er,ad+ ke-a-a!a da!a/

"r#ses ++) se&ar's.a 'ka a!asa '%'k /e.a!a&ka "as+e

Pe-er%+a adherence erke/a- dar+ compliance) &a.a sa,a da!a/

ad&ere3e !e+& /eekaka ke'%'&a aka kese"aka%a National council of

Patient Informations and Educations 8200?9 se!a,'%.a /ee-aska a&>a da!a/

ad&ere3e "er+!ak' /e-k#s'/s+ #a% #!e& "as+e 3eder'- /e-+k'%+

"ere3aaaa "e-#a%a .a- d+ke/a-ka ersa/a da d+se%','+ a%ara "as+e

da "r#4es+#a!

H#re ) dkk %a&' 200< !e+& /erek#/edas+ka "e-er%+a ke"a%'&a da!a/

/e-k#s'/s+ #a% de-a +s%+!a& ad&ere3e) da &a! ++ a.ak d+d'k'- #!e&

"ee!+%+*"ee!+%+ !a+) karea ada.a ke%er!+a%a "as+e da!a/ "e-a/+!a ke"'%'sa

%e%a- &a!*&a! .a- "as+e +-+ka a%a' &ara"ka da ke"'%'sa .a- >a,ar %e%a-

"e-#a%a .a- d+'a% #!e& d#k%er

Os%erer- da B!as3&ke 820059 ,'-aa /e.araka "e--'aa +s%+!a&

ad&ere3e ,'-a %erda"a% "e-er%+a compliance ) de-a %a/a&a "e-er%+a a&>a

d+ da!a/ ad&ere3e "era "as+e 3eder'- ak%+4 da %erda"a% k#%ak %era"e'%+k .a-

%er,ad+ se%e!a& /e!a!'+ "r#ses k#/'+kas+ da ak&+r.a %er,ad+ kese"aka%a a%araked'a e!a& "+&ak

Dar+ eera"a "e-er%+a d+a%as) "e-er%+a ke"a%'&a da!a/ /e-k#s'/s+

#a% da /e-a3' "ada +s%+!a& adherence, .a- da"a% d+s+/"'!ka sea-a+ "er+!ak'

'%'k /e%aa%+ sara*sara a%a' "r#sed'r dar+ d#k%er %e%a- "e--'aa #a%) .a-

see!'/.a d+da&'!'+ #!e& "r#ses k#s'!%as+ a%ara "as+e a%a' ke!'ar-a de-a

d#k%er sea-a+ "e.ed+a ,asa /ed+s

II! Teori.Teori Kepatuhan

Terda"a% %+-a %e#r+ '%a/a .a- da"a% /e,e!aska /'3'!.a "er+!ak' "a%'&

da!a/ /e-k#s'/s+ #a%) .a+%' @ Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior

8$e+/a H#re) 20059 da Model of Adherence 8M#r-a H#re) 20059

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a. Health Belief Model

HBM /e,e!aska /#de! "er+!ak' se&a% 8/+sa! /e/er+ksaka d+r+9

/er'"aka 4'-s+ dar+ ke.ak+a "ers#a! %er%a- esar.a a3a/a

"e.ak+% da "e'!ara.a) ser%a ke'%'-a dar+ rek#/edas+ .a-

d+er+ka "e%'-as kese&a%a A3a/a .a- d+rsaka erasa! dar+

ke.ak+a %e%a- keser+'sa .a- d+rasaka %er&ada" "e.ak+% da

kere%aa #ra- %erse'% Id+;+d' ke/'d+a /e+!a+ ke'%'-a

%+daka .a- d+a/+! 8 /+sa! @ er#a% aka /er+-aka s+/"%#/9

Mesk+"' d+a.a-*a.a-+ #!e& r+s+k#*r+s+k# dar+ %+daka .a-

d+a/+!.a M+sa!.a %ak'% aka e4ek sa/"+- /a'"' +a.a dar+

"e-#a%a Berdasarka d+a/+ka %erse'% da"a% d+"a&a/+ a>a

ke"a%'&a da!a/ /e-k#s'/s+ #a% /er'"aka "r#ses .a- d+a>a!+ #!e&

ke.ak+a sese#ra- aka keser+'sa "e.akk%.a) .a- er','- "ada

%+daka '%'k er#a% ke "e%'-as kese&a%a) %er/as'k ke"a%'&a da!a/

/e-k#s'/s+ #a%) >a!a'"' d+a.a-*a.a-+ #!e& res+k# a%a' e4ek

sa/"+- dar+ %+daka %erse'%

b. Theor of !lanned Beha"ior

Te#r+ ++ er'sa&a /e-',+ &''-a a%ara s+ka" da "er+!ak' .a- 4#k's

'%a/a.a ada!a& "ada +%es+ 8+a%9 .a- /e-a%arka &''-a a%ara

s+ka" da "er+!ak') #r/a s',ek%+4 %er&ada" "er+!ak') da k#%r#!

%er&ada" "er+!ak' .a- d+rasaka S+ka" %er&ada" "er+!ak' /er'"aka

"r#d'k dar+ ke.ak+a %e%a- &as+! ak&+r 8/+sa! @ 4rek'es+ keka/'&a

"e.ak+% s%#/a%+%+s erk'ra-9 da +!a+ .a- d+rasaka dar+ &as+! %erse'%

8k#d+s+ ,araka/'& sa-a% "e%+- a-+ #ra- %erse'%9 N#r/a

s',ek%+4 erasa! dar+ "ada-a #ra-*#ra- d+ sek+%ar %e%a- "er+!ak'

er#a% 8/+sa! @ +s%r+ a%a' s'a/+ +-+ a-ar "as+e /e-+k'%+ rek#/edas+dar+ d#k%er9 da /#%+;as+ '%'k /ed'k'- "ada-a*"ada-a dar+

#ra-*#ra- sek+%ar %erse'% +-+ /e.ea-ka "asa-a.a se&+--a

/e-+k'%+ a,'ra d#k%er

K#%r#! "er+!ak' .a- d+rasaka /e--a/arka %e%a- seera"a ,a'&

#ra- %erse'% /erasa a&>a "er+!ak' "a%'& da"a% d+keda!+ka.a Ha!

++ %er-a%'- ke.ak+a #ra- %erse'% a&>a d+r+.a /a/"' /e-#%r#!

se%+a" %+daka.a

c. Model of Adherence

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M#r-a da H#re 820059 /e-e/'kaka /#de! Unintentional

Nonadherence Intentional Nonadherence ! Unintentional

Nonadherence /e-a3' "ada &a/a%a "as+e da!a/ "r#ses "e-#a%a

Ha/a%a*&a/a%a da"a% /'3'! dar+ ka"as+%as da ke%era%asa

s'/er*s'/er dar+ "as+e) /e!+"'%+ de4+s+es+ /e/#r+ 8/+sa! @ !'"a

+%r'ks+ #a%9) ke%era/"+!a 8 s'!+% /e/'ka ke/asa "e'%'" #a%9 a%a'

/e--'aka "era!a%a da!a/ "e-#a%a) "e-e%a&'a 8%+dak /e.adar+

ke'%'&a '%'k /+'/ #a% %era%'r9 Intentional Nonadherence

/e--a/arka 3ara "as+e .a- %er!+a% da!a/ "e-a/+!a ke"'%'sa

da!a/ "e-#a%a Pada "r#ses ++ %+daka ras+#a! erasa! dar+

ke.ak+a*ke.ak+a) k#d+s+*k#d+s+) "r+#r+%as*"r+#r+%as) "+!+&a*"+!+&a)

da !a%+&a*!a%+&a) /esk+"' "erse"s+ da %+daka ereda a%ara

&ara"a da!a/ "e-#a%a da ras+#a!+%as.a Barer 820029 !e+& !a,'%

/e,e!aska a&>a /e/!a!'+ Theory of Human Error da!a/ #r-a+sas+)

%+daka '+%e%+#a! da +%e%+#a! dar+ "as+e) 4ak%#r !#ka!+%era! da

eks%era!#r-a+sas+#a! sea-a+ "e.ea adherence da nonadherence

#a/0ar %! The #i"e Di$en%ion% of Adherence

III! Kesi/pu+an

1 D+"er!'ka ada.a ker,a sa/a .a- sa!+- /e-'a%ka a%a' k#/+%/e .a-

k'a% a%ara "as+e) %ea-a "r#4es+#a! kese&a%a) da ke!'ar-a '%'k

/e+-ka%ka ke"a%'&a "as+e da!a/ /e,a!a+ %era"+ .a- d+%e%a"ka

2 Reda&.a ke"a%'&a "as+e da!a/ /e-k#s'/s+ #a% a%a' /e!aksaaka

%era"+ .a- d+%e%a"ka /e,ad+ "e.ea '%a/a ke-a-a!a "e-#a%a se!a/a

++ da %+dak %er3a"a+.a %','a "e-#a%a .a- d+&ara"ka

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Da1tar Pustaa :

>>>'ada3+dke"a%'&a "as+e*4ak%#r "e%+- keer&as+!a %era"+

>>>d+-+!+'+/'sa3+dd#>!#ad

>>>re"#s+%#r.'s'a3+d+%s%rea/

>>>4"s+/er3''aa*.#-.aa3+d20120<

• >>>""s''da3+d%&es+s"d4C%&es+s

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Makalah Psikologi Dan Komunikasi-rita

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