Lembar Pengesahan Afr Fix
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LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUM ANALISA FLUIDA RESERVOIR
DI SUSUN OLEH :
Nama : Ana Nugrahini
NIM : 1301177
Kelompok : II ( Dua)
JURUSAN S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN KONSENTRASI GEOLOGI
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
BALIKPAPAN
i
2014
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
LAPORAN RESMI
ANALISA FLUIDA RESERVOIR
Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan praktikum AnalisaFluida Reservoir
Tahun Akademik 2014/2015
Jurusan S1. Teknik Geologi
Sekolah Tinggi Tekonologi Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Balikpapan
Disusun Oleh,
Nama : Ana Nugrahini
NIM : 1301177
Kelompok : II ( Dua)
Dengan hasil penilaian:
Balikpapan, 26 Desember 2014
Disetujui Oleh,
Dosen Mata Kuliah Asisten Praktikum
( Natal Simatupang, ST ) ( Muhammad Jafar )
ii
LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM
ANALISA FLUIDA RESERVIR
NAMA : Ana Nugrahini
NIM : 1301177
JURUSAN : S1 Teknik Geologi
KELOMPOK : II ( Dua )
No. Tanggal Keterangan Paraf
1
2
3
19/ 12/2014
23/12/2014
05/01/2015
1. ACC Pertama2. Pembahasan Diagram
Fasa3. PembahasanAcara 1 &
2
ACC KeduaCek Laporan Resmi
Final Report
iii
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha
Esa, karena atas bimbingan dan petunjuknya, serta berkat rahmat, nikmat dan
karunianya sehingga laporan hasil praktikum ini dapat terselesaikan dengan tepat
pada waktunya dan sesuai yang diharapkan.
Laporan hasil praktikum ini dibuat dalam rangka memperdalam pemahaman
masalah praktikum yang telah penulis lakukan dan sekaligus melakukan apa yang
menjadi tugas mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah “Kimia Fisika Hidrokarbon”.
Dalam proses pendalaman materi praktikum ini, tidak sedikit hambatan yang penulis
alami dalam menyusunnya, namun kebesaran-Nya dan bantuan atau dorongan dari
berbagai pihak sehingga hambatan-hambatan tersebut dapat diatasi. Untuk itu
penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
1. Natal Simatupang, ST selaku dosen mata kuliah Kimia Fisika Hidrokarbon.
2. Asisten Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir kelompok II, Muhammad jafar yang
telah meluangkan banyak waktunya dan memberikan banyak masukkan/kritik
yang membangun.
3. Rekan-rekan kelompok II Praktikum Analisa Fluida Reservoir atas kerjasamanya.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan yang dibuat ini sangatlah jauh dari
kesempurnaan dan banyak kekurangannya, oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan
saran dan kritik yang membangun agar penulis dapat meningkatkan kualitas
penyusunan laporan berikutnya. Akhir kata semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat
serta menambah pengetahuan pembaca. Amin
Balikpapan,26 Desember 2014
Penulis
iv
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM............................................................. iii
KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK ............................................................................................ xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1
BAB II PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN AIR DENGAN DEAN&STARK
METHODE
2.1. Tujuan Percobaan...................................................................... 6
2.2. Dasar Teori................................................................................ 6
2.3. Peralatan dan Bahan.................................................................. 9
2.3.1.Peralatan ......................................................................... 9
2.3.2.Bahan............................................................................... 10
2.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................... 11
2.5. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan.................................................. 11
2.6. Pembahasan............................................................................... 12
2.7. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 15
v
BAB III PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN AIR DAN BASE SEDIMENT
DENGAN CENTRIFUGE METHOD
3.1. Tujuan Percobaan...................................................................... 16
3.2. Dasar Teori................................................................................ 16
3.3. Peralatan dan Bahan.................................................................. 18
3.3.1.Peralatan ......................................................................... 18
3.3.2.Bahan............................................................................... 19
3.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................... 20
3.4.1.Centrifuge Tabung Kecil ................................................ 20
3.4.2.Centrifuge Tabung Besar ................................................ 21
3.5. Hasil Analisadan Perhitungan................................................... 21
3.6. Pembahasan............................................................................... 22
3.7. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 25
BAB IV PENENTUAN SPECIFIC GRAVITY
4.1. TujuanPercobaan....................................................................... 26
4.2. Dasar Teori................................................................................ 26
4.3. Peralatan dan Bahan.................................................................. 28
4.3.1.Peralatan ......................................................................... 28
4.3.2.Bahan............................................................................... 29
4.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................... 30
4.5. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan.................................................. 30
4.6. Pembahasan............................................................................... 35
4.7. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 36
vi
BAB V PENENTUAN TITIK KABUT, TITIK TUANG,
DANTITIK BEKU
5.1. Tujuan Percobaan...................................................................... 37
5.2. Dasar Teori................................................................................ 37
5.3. Peralatandan Bahan................................................................... 40
5.3.1.Peralatan ......................................................................... 40
5.3.2.Bahan............................................................................... 41
5.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................... 41
5.4.1.Titik Kabut dan Titik Beku ............................................. 41
5.4.2.Titik Tuang ..................................................................... 41
5.5. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan.................................................. 42
5.6. Pembahasan............................................................................... 45
5.7. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 47
BAB VI PENENTUAN TITIK NYALA DAN TITIK BAKAR
DENGAN TAG CLOSED TESTER
6.1. Tujuan Percobaan...................................................................... 48
6.2. Dasar Teori................................................................................ 48
6.3. Peralatan dan Bahan.................................................................. 50
6.3.1.Peralatan ......................................................................... 50
6.3.2.Bahan............................................................................... 51
6.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................... 51
6.5. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan.................................................. 52
6.6. Pembahasan............................................................................... 54
6.7. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 56
vii
BAB VII PENENTUAN VISCOSITAS KINEMATIK SECARA
COBA-COBA (TENTAIVE METHOD)
7.1. TujuanPercobaan....................................................................... 58
7.2. DasarTeori................................................................................. 58
7.3. Peralatan dan Bahan.................................................................. 62
7.3.1.Peralatan ......................................................................... 62
7.3.2.Bahan .............................................................................. 67
7.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................... 67
7.5. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan.................................................. 68
7.6. Pembahasan............................................................................... 70
7.7. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 71
BAB VIII ANALISA KIMIAWI AIR FORMASI
8.1. TujuanPercobaan....................................................................... 72
8.2. Dasar Teori................................................................................ 72
8.3. Peralatan dan Bahan.................................................................. 79
8.3.1.Peralatan ......................................................................... 79
8.3.2.Bahan............................................................................... 80
8.4. Prosedur Percobaan................................................................... 82
8.4.1.Penentuan pH (elektrolit) ................................................ 82
8.4.2.Penentuan Alkalinitas ..................................................... 82
8.4.3.Penentuan Kalsium.......................................................... 83
8.4.4.Penentuan Magnesium .................................................... 84
8.4.5.Penentuan Klorida .......................................................... 84
8.4.6.Penentuan Sodium .......................................................... 84
8.4.7.Grafik Hasil Analisa Air ................................................. 85
8.4.8.Perhitungan Indeks Stabilitas CaCO3.............................. 85
8.5. Hasil Analisa dan Perhitungan.................................................. 89
8.6. Pembahasan............................................................................... 94
8.7. Kesimpulan............................................................................... 96
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BABIX PEMBAHASAN UMUM ................................................................ 97
BABX KESIMPULAN UMUM .................................................................. 102
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.......................................................................................... 106
LAMPIRAN
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Condenser...................................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.2. Receiver......................................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.3. Ground Flask Joint........................................................................ 9
Gambar 2.4. Electrical Oven.............................................................................. 9
Gambar 2.5. Peralatan Dean & Stark Method.................................................... 10
Gambar 2.6. Sampel Minyak Mentah................................................................ 10
Gambar 2.7. Kerosene........................................................................................ 10
Gambar 2.8. Air.................................................................................................. 10
Gambar 3.1. Centrifuge ..................................................................................... 18
Gambar 3.2. Centrifuge Tube 100 mL............................................................... 18
Gambar 3.3. Transformer .................................................................................. 19
Gambar 3.4. Sampel Minyak Mentah................................................................ 19
Gambar 3.5. Kerosene ....................................................................................... 19
Gambar 3.6. Air.................................................................................................. 19
Gambar 4.1. Gelas Ukur .................................................................................... 29
Gambar 4.2. Hydrometer ................................................................................... 29
Gambar 4.3. Thermometer................................................................................. 29
Gambar 4.4.. Sampel Minyak Mentah................................................................ 29
Gambar 5.1. Tube Kaca...................................................................................... 40
Gambar 5.2. Thermometer ................................................................................ 40
Gambar 5.3. Penutup dari Gabus........................................................................ 40
Gambar 5.4. Bath................................................................................................ 40
Gambar 5.5. Sampel Minyak Mentah................................................................ 41
Gambar 5.6. EsBatu............................................................................................ 41
Gambar 5.7. Air ................................................................................................. 41
Gambar 5.8. Garam............................................................................................ 41
x
Gambar 6.1. Tag Closed Tester ......................................................................... 50
Gambar 6.2. Thermometer ................................................................................ 51
Gambar 6.3. SampelMinyakMentah.................................................................. 51
Gambar 6.4. Air ................................................................................................. 51
Gambar 7.1. Viskometer ................................................................................... 65
Gambar 7.2. Thermometer................................................................................. 66
Gambar 7.3. Bath................................................................................................ 66
Gambar 7.4. Timer............................................................................................. 66
Gambar 7.5. Air.................................................................................................. 67
Gambar 8.1. Statis dan Buret Titrasi.................................................................. 79
Gambar 8.2. Labu Ukur ..................................................................................... 79
Gambar 8.3. pH Paper Strip .............................................................................. 80
Gambar 8.4. Pipet tetes ...................................................................................... 80
Gambar 8.5. Larutan Buffer............................................................................... 81
Gambar 8.6. Larutan Indicator........................................................................... 81
Gambar 8.7. Larutan H2SO4............................................................................... 81
Gambar 8.8. Larutan AgNO3.............................................................................. 92
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1. Data Umum dan Data Kelompok..................................................... 11
Tabel 2.2. Volume Air yang Tertampung dengan % Kadar Air untuk Setiap
Kelompok......................................................................................... 12
Tabel 3.1. SampelMinyak I danSampelMinyak II............................................ 21
Tabel 4.1. Data umum dan Data Kelompok...................................................... 30
Tabel 4.2. Harga Koreksi oAPI ......................................................................... 31
Tabel 5.1. Data Umum dan Data Kelompok..................................................... 42
Tabel 5.2. TK, TT dan TB Setiap Kelompok.................................................... 46
Tabel 6.1. Data Umumdan Data Kelompok...................................................... 52
Tabel 6.2. Titik Nyala dan Titik Bakar dari Data Tiap Kelompok ................... 55
Tabel 7.1. ASTM Kinematic Thermometers .................................................... 65
Tabel 7.2. Viskometer dan Konstanta............................................................... 68
Tabel 8.1. Harga Konsentrasi Komponen......................................................... 85
Tabel 8.2. Indeks Stabilitas................................................................................ 87
Tabel 8.3. Perhitungan Tenaga Ion ................................................................... 87
Tabel 8.4. Harga faktor k dan Suhu .................................................................. 88
Tabel 8.5. Tabulasi Konsentrasi Ion Anion dan Kation ................................... 89
Tabel 8.6. Perhitungan Indeks Stabilitas CaCO3............................................... 91
Tabel 8.7. Harga Indeks Stabilitas .................................................................... 94
xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 2.1. Volume Air Tertampung vs % Kadar Air........................................ 12
Grafik 2.2. % kadar air dari data tiap kelompok ................................................ 14
Grafik 3.1. % BS & W Sampel Minyak I dari data tiap kelompok ................... 23
Grafik 3.2. % BS & W Sampel Minyak II dari data tiap kelompok .................. 24
Grafik 5.1. Titik kabut, titik beku, titik tuang dari data tiap kelompok ............. 46
Grafik 6.1. Titik nyala dan titik bakar dari data tiap kelompok ......................... 56
Grafik 7.1. Viskositas minyak sebagai fungsi tekanan ...................................... 68
Grafik 7.2. Perbandingan antara shear stress dengan shear rate ........................ 69
Grafik 8.1. Diagram Stiff – Davis ...................................................................... 90
Grafik 8.2. Penentuan harga k pada CaCO3........................................................ 92
Grafik 8.3. Penentuan harga pCa dan pAlk ....................................................... 93
Grafik 8.4. Stabilitas Indeks terhadap Temperatur (oC) ..................................... 95
Grafik 8.5. Ion Keseluruhan( k ) vsTemperatur.................................................. 96
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Acara I Penentuan Kandungan Air dengan Dean & Stark Method
Acara II Penentuan Kandungan Air & Sedimen dengan Centrifuge Method
Acara III Penentuan Specific Gravity
Acara IV Penentuan Titik Kabut, Titik Beku, dan Titik Tuang
Acara V Penentuan Titik Nyala dan Titik Bakar
Acara VI Penentuan Viskositas Kinematik Secara Coba-coba
Acara VII Analisa Kimiawi Air Formasi
xiii
xiii