PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2017/2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

TEMPAT WISATA OLAHRAGA REKREASI DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Tema Desain

Arsitektur Ekologis

Fokus Kajian

Penataan Ruang Dalam dan Ruang Luar yang Saling Berhubungan

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

Distya Pradita NIM :13.11.0015

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT NIDN : 0625116302

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Desember 2017

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PRAKATA

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa, karena berkat kasih

karunia dan penyertaan-Nya sehingga Tahap Landasan Teori dan

Program (LTP) Projek Akhir Arsitektur 72 ini dapat diselesaikan dengan

baik. LTP dengan judul Tempat Wisata Olahraga Rekreasi di Kota

Semarang ini merupakan langkah awal untuk melengkapi persyaratan

dalam Projek Akhir Arsitektur 72, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain

Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat tersusun dengan baik berkat

dukungan, saran, dan bantuan dari beberapa pihak terkait. Oleh karena

itu, penulis hendak berterima kasih kepada :

1. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. selaku pembimbing dan

dosen koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 72.

2. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., Ph.D selaku Dekan Fakultas

Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata

Semarang.

3. MD. Nestri Kiswari, St. MSC, selaku Ketua Program Studi

Arsitektur Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

4. Jajaran dosen dan staff terkait.

5. Kedua orang tua, adik, Sandy, dan teman – teman yang telah

membantu secara langsung dan tidak langsung.

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Penulis berharap agar melalui penyusunan LTP Projek Akhir

Arsitektur ini, dapat memberikan gambaran awal mengenai Projek Akhir

Arsitektur 72 dengan judul Tempat Wisata Olahraga Rekreasi di

Kabupaten Semarang. Akhir kata, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih.

Semarang, 20 Desember 2017

Penulis,

Distya Pradita

NIM : 13.11. 0015

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v SURAT PERNYATAAN

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................... i

PRAKATA ....................................................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iv

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. v

SURAT PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. vi

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xv

DAFTAR DIAGRAM ........................................................................................ xvii

BAB I : PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Projek ........................................................................ 1

1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................... 3

1.2.1 Tujuan ....................................................................................... 3

1.2.2 Sasaran .................................................................................... 4

1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ......................................................................... 4

1.4 Metode Pembahasan ......................................................................... 5

1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ...................................................... 5

1.4.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisa ............................................. 6

1.4.3 Metode Pemrograman .............................................................. 7

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1.4.4 Metode Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................... 8

1.5 Kerangka Pikir .................................................................................... 10

1.6 Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................... 11

BAB II : TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................... 12

2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................. 12

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum .................................................................... 12

2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan - Trend ................................. 16

2.1.3 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ..................................................... 17

2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ............................................................................... 18

2.2.1 Terminologi ............................................................................... 18

2.2.2 Kegiatan (Pelaku, Fasilitas, dan Sarana Prasarana ................. 19

2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ......................................... 36

2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota ............................................................. 38

2.2.5 Studi Banding / Komparasi Kasus Projek Sejenis ..................... 44

2.3 Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................ 51

2.4 Kesimpulan, Batasan, Anggapan ....................................................... 52

2.4.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 52

2.4.2 Batasan ..................................................................................... 53

2.4.3 Anggapan ................................................................................. 53

BAB III : ANALISA PROGRAM PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR ..................... 55

3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ........................................................... 55

3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ........................................................................... 55

3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas ........................................................................... 65

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3.1.3 Studi Ruang Khusus ................................................................. 68

3.1.4 Studi Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan dan Lahan ........................... 77

3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural .............................................................. 113

3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .............................................. 114

3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ........................................ 114

3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................. 144

3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ................................................... 157

3.3 Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan .......................................... 158

3.3.1 Analisis Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................... 158

3.3.2 Analisis Pemilihan Tapak ......................................................... 167

BAB IV : PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................................................. 175

4.1 Konsep Program ................................................................................ 175

4.1.1 Aspek Citra Ekologis ................................................................. 175

4.1.2 Performance Arsitektural .......................................................... 175

4.1.3 Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................ 176

4.1.4 Aspek Teknologi ....................................................................... 176

4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor

Persyaratan Perancangan .................................................................. 176

4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan................................................................. 176

4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................... 177

4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................. 179

4.3 Program Arsitektur Wisata Olahraga Rekreasi ................................... 180

4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ..................................................................... 180

4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................... 189

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4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas ............................................................ 190

4.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ................................................................ 193

BAB V : KAJIAN TEORI ................................................................................ 200

5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain ............................................. 200

5.1.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi ............................................. 200

5.1.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................... 207

5.1.3 Memungkinkan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ....................... 209

5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................................................. 210

5.2.1 Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi ............................................. 210

5.2.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................... 216

5.2.3 Memungkinkan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan....... 218

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 219

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Kegiatan Penerimaan ................................................................. 25

Gambar 2.2. Kegiatan Utama ......................................................................... 26

Gambar 2.3. Kegiatan Pendukung .................................................................. 27

Gambar 2.4. Kegiatan Penunjang ................................................................... 28

Gambar 2.5. Kegiatan Pengelolaan ................................................................ 28

Gambar 2.6. Kegiatan Servis .......................................................................... 29

Gambar 2.7. Peta Kabupaten Semarang ........................................................ 38

Gambar 2.8. Peta Wilayan Kabupaten Semarang .......................................... 39

Gambar 2.9. Kampoeng Kopi Banaran ........................................................... 44

Gambar 2.10. Griya Robusta (Convention Hall).............................................. 46

Gambar 2.11. Griya Robusta (Convention Hall).............................................. 47

Gambar 2.12. Outdoor Event Space 1 ............................................................ 47

Gambar 2.13. Outdoor Event Space 2 ............................................................ 47

Gambar 2.14. Kids Outbond ........................................................................... 48

Gambar 2.15. Taman Bermain Anak .............................................................. 48

Gambar 2.16. Top Selfie ................................................................................. 48

Gambar 2.17. Gazebo .................................................................................... 49

Gambar 2.18. Makanan dan Minuman di Banaran Coffee .............................. 49

Gambar 2.19. ATV Riding ............................................................................... 49

Gambar 2.20. Kolam Renang ......................................................................... 50

Gambar 2.21. Kereta Wisata .......................................................................... 50

Gambar 2.22. Tempat Menunggu Kereta Wisata ............................................ 51

Gambar 2.23. Resort Hotel ............................................................................. 51

Gambar 3.1. Ruang Fitnes Luas 200 m2 ......................................................... 70

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Gambar 3.2. Meja Tenis Meja ......................................................................... 74

Gambar 3.3. Ruang Tenis Meja ...................................................................... 74

Gambar 3.4. Area Billiard ................................................................................ 75

Gambar 3.5. Ukuran Meja Billiard ................................................................... 75

Gambar 3.6. Ruang Billiard ............................................................................. 76

Gambar 3.7. Sun-shading Kayu Pada Bangunan ........................................... 114

Gambar 3.8. Rooftop Garden ......................................................................... 114

Gambar 3.9. Pondasi Batu Belah .................................................................... 116

Gambar 3.10. Pondasi Batu Belah 1 ............................................................... 117

Gambar 3.11. Pondasi Batu Belah 2 ............................................................... 118

Gambar 3.12. Denah Pondasi Batu Belah ...................................................... 118

Gambar 3.13. Pondasi Foot Plat ..................................................................... 119

Gambar 3.14. Potongan Pondasi Foot Plat .................................................... 110

Gambar 3.15. Pondasi Tiang Pancang ........................................................... 121

Gambar 3.16. Detail Pondasi Tiang Pancang ................................................. 121

Gambar 3.17. Struktur Rangka ....................................................................... 123

Gambar 3.18. Struktur Rangka Membentuk Grid ............................................ 124

Gambar 3.19. Tulangan Struktur Plat Lantai ................................................... 124

Gambar 3.20. Struktur Plat Lantai ................................................................... 125

Gambar 3.21. Roof Garden ............................................................................ 127

Gambar 3.22. Lapisan Roof Garden ............................................................... 129

Gambar 3.23. Green Roof Bandara Blimbingsari ............................................ 130

Gambar 3.24. Pasangan Dinding ½ Bata ....................................................... 133

Gambar 3.25. Wallpaper Playground .............................................................. 133

Gambar 3.26. Penggunaan Cladding Kayu .................................................... 134

Gambar 3.27. Dinding Penahan Tanah .......................................................... 135

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Gambar 3.28. Tampak Samping Dinding Penahan Tanah ............................. 135

Gambar 3.29. Lantai Vinyl .............................................................................. 136

Gambar 3.30. Pengaplikasian Lantai Vinyl ..................................................... 137

Gambar 3.31. Karpet Lapangan Bulu Tangkis ................................................ 137

Gambar 3.32. Karpet Lapangan Tenis Meja ................................................... 138

Gambar 3.33. Lantai Rubber .......................................................................... 138

Gambar 3.34. Pengaplikasian Lantai Rubber ................................................. 139

Gambar 3.35. Lantai Interlocking .................................................................... 139

Gambar 3.36. Pengaplikasian Lantai Interlocking pada Lapangan ................. 141

Gambar 3.37. Pengaplikasian Lantai Interlocking pada Playground ............... 141

Gambar 3.38. Keramik Motif ........................................................................... 142

Gambar 3.39. Pengaplikasian Karpet (Carpet Tile) ........................................ 143

Gambar 3.40. Plafond GRC Board ................................................................. 144

Gambar 3.41. Lampu Sorot ............................................................................ 147

Gambar 3.42. Lampu LED Underwater ........................................................... 148

Gambar 3.43. Hidden Lamp ............................................................................ 148

Gambar 3.44. General Lighting ....................................................................... 149

Gambar 3.45. Decorative Lamp ...................................................................... 149

Gambar 3.46. Hydrant Pillar & Hydrant Box ................................................... 153

Gambar 3.47. Smoke Detector ....................................................................... 154

Gambar 3.48. Heat Detector ........................................................................... 154

Gambar 3.49. Gas Detector ............................................................................ 155

Gambar 3.50. Tanda Pemadam Kebakaran dan Tabung APAR..................... 156

Gambar 3.51. Penyaluran Air Sprinkler .......................................................... 157

Gambar 3.52. Peta Wilayah Kabupaten Semarang ........................................ 159

Gambar 3.53. Peta Wilayah Kabupaten Semarang ........................................ 160

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Gambar 3.54. Peta Wilayah Kecamatan Bawen ............................................. 163

Gambar 3.55. Lokasi Alternatif Tapak 1 .......................................................... 168

Gambar 3.56. Lokasi Alternatif Tapak 2 .......................................................... 169

Gambar 3.57. Tapak Alternatif 1 ..................................................................... 170

Gambar 3.58. Tapak Alternatif 2 ..................................................................... 172

Gambar 3.59. Tapak Terpilih .......................................................................... 174

Gambar 4.1. Lokasi Tapak Terpilih ................................................................. 193

Gambar 5.1. Kebutuhan Energi Beberapa Fungsi Bangunan ......................... 203

Gambar 5.2. Primary School & Sport Hall 1 .................................................... 208

Gambar 5.3. Primary School & Sport Hall 2 .................................................... 208

Gambar 5.4. Dinding Blok Beton Prefabrikasi ................................................. 209

Gambar 5.5. Pencahayaan Alami ................................................................... 209

Gambar 5.6. Ruang Hidup & Ruang Mati ....................................................... 213

Gambar 5.7. Solusi Ruang Mati ...................................................................... 213

Gambar 5.8. Ruang Terbuka .......................................................................... 214

Gambar 5.9. Ruang Positif & Ruang Negatif .................................................. 216

Gambar 5.10. Flavours Orchard ..................................................................... 216

Gambar 5.11. Interior Flavours Orchard ......................................................... 217

Gambar 5.12. Flavours Orchard’s Roof Garden ............................................. 217

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Jenis Olahraga Berdasarkan Usia ................................................. 20

Tabel 2.2. Pemilihan Jenis Olahraga Rekreasi ............................................... 23

Tabel 2.3. Sarana dan Prasarana ................................................................... 34

Tabel 2.4. Luas Wilayah Kabupaten Semarang .............................................. 40

Tabel 3.1. Pengelompokan Kegiatan .............................................................. 55

Tabel 3.2. Penggolongan Pengunjung ............................................................ 58

Tabel 3.3. Statistik Wisatawan di Kabupaten Semarang ................................ 59

Tabel 3.4. Penggolongan Pengelola ............................................................... 61

Tabel 3.5. Penggolongan Ruang .................................................................... 65

Tabel 3.6. Daftar Peralatan Fitnes .................................................................. 71

Tabel 3.7. Studi Besaran Ruang ..................................................................... 77

Tabel 3.8. Luasan Ruang ................................................................................ 106

Tabel 3.9. Luas Total Bangunan ..................................................................... 109

Tabel 3.10. Presentase Sirkulasi .................................................................... 110

Tabel 3.11. Jumlah Parkir Pengunjung ........................................................... 111

Tabel 3.12. Jumlah Parkir Pengelola .............................................................. 112

Tabel 3.13. Perda Kabupaten Semarang ........................................................ 112

Tabel 3.14. Struktur Bagian Bawah ................................................................ 120

Tabel 3.15. Struktur Bagian Tengah ............................................................... 125

Tabel 3.16. Struktur Bagian Atas .................................................................... 131

Tabel 3.17. Kriteria Penilaian Lokasi ............................................................... 162

Tabel 3.18. Studi Kekuatan Buatan ................................................................ 162

Tabel 3.19. Potensi-Kendala Kelurahan Bawen.............................................. 166

Tabel 3.20. Kriteria Penilaian Lokasi Tapak .................................................... 173

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Tabel 4.1. Program Ruang Pengunjung .......................................................... 180

Tabel 4.2. Program Ruang Pengelola ............................................................. 181

Tabel 4.3. Program Ruang VIP (Tamu) .......................................................... 182

Tabel 4.4. Program Besaran Ruang ............................................................... 183

Tabel 4.5. Presentasi Sirkulasi........................................................................ 186

Tabel 4.6. Jumlah Parkir Pengunjung ............................................................. 186

Tabel 4.7. Jumlah Parkir Pengelola ................................................................ 187

Tabel 4.8. Total Kebutuhan Luas Tapak ......................................................... 187

Tabel 4.9. Perda Kabupaten Semarang .......................................................... 187

Tabel 4.10. Program Ruang Terbuka Hijau .................................................... 194

Tabel 5.1. Patokan Perencanaan Bangunan Ekologis .................................... 206

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DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 1.1. Kerangka Pikir ........................................................................... 10

Diagram 2.1. Kategori Pelaku ......................................................................... 29

Diagram 2.2. Kategorisasi Pengunjung Umum ............................................... 30

Diagram 2.3. Struktur Organisasi .................................................................... 31

Diagram 2.4. Struktur Organisasi Kempoeng Kopi Banaran ........................... 46

Diagram 3.1. Pola Kegiatan Pengelola ........................................................... 62

Diagram 3.2. Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung ........................................................ 63

Diagram 3.3. Pola Kegiatan VIP (Tamu) ......................................................... 63

Diagram 3.4. Pola Kegiatan Penunjang .......................................................... 64

Diagram 3.5. Pola Kegiatan Servis ................................................................. 64

Diagram 3.6. Pola Fasilitas Makro .................................................................. 68

Diagram 3.7. Jaringan Listrik .......................................................................... 144

Diagram 3.8. Jaringan Air Bersih dari PDAM .................................................. 145

Diagram 3.9. Jaringan Air Bersih dari Air Hujan ............................................. 145

Diagram 4.1. Pola Ruang Makro ..................................................................... 189