Kuliah Pengantar Ke 1 SL-1101

1SL-1101 KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN

INFRASTRUKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL & LINGKUNGANFAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL & LINGKUNGANINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNGINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

20062006

DEFINISI INFRASTRUKTURDEFINISI INFRASTRUKTUR

MenurutMenurut the Associated General Contractorsthe Associated General Contractorsof America (AGCA, 1982):of America (AGCA, 1982):

The nationThe nations infrastructure is its system ofs infrastructure is its system ofpublic facilities, both publicly and privatelypublic facilities, both publicly and privatelyfunded, which provide for the delivery offunded, which provide for the delivery ofessential services and a sustained standard essential services and a sustained standard of livingof living....

KATEGORI KATEGORI FASILITAS INFRASTRUKTUR (1)FASILITAS INFRASTRUKTUR (1)

TransportasiTransportasi Air dan air Air dan air limbahlimbah PengelolaanPengelolaan limbahlimbah ProduksiProduksi dan dan distribusidistribusi energienergi BangunanBangunan gedunggedung FasilitasFasilitas rekreasirekreasi KomunikasiKomunikasi(Hudson, Haas, (Hudson, Haas, UddinUddin, 1997), 1997)


Infrastruktur transportasi:

Transportasi darat : jalan, jembatan, terowongan , jalan kereta api

Transportasi udara:bandara, heliports, ground facilities, air- traffic control)

Waterways dan pelabuhan:shipping channels, main terminals, dry docks, pelabuhan

Intermodal facilities:Rail/airport terminals, truck/rail/port terminals

Mass transit:Subways, bus transit, light rail, monorails, platforms/stations


InfrastrukturInfrastruktur air dan air air dan air limbahlimbah::

Water supply:Water supply:pumping stations, treatment plants, main water lines, wells, pumping stations, treatment plants, main water lines, wells, mechanical/electric equipmentmechanical/electric equipment

Structures:Structures:dams, diversion, structures, tunnels, aqueductsdams, diversion, structures, tunnels, aqueducts

Agricultural water distribution:Agricultural water distribution:canals, rivers, weir, gates, dikescanals, rivers, weir, gates, dikes

Sewer:Sewer:Main sewer lines, septic tanks, treatment plants, storm water Main sewer lines, septic tanks, treatment plants, storm water drainsdrains

2KATEGORI KATEGORI FASILITAS INFRASTRUKTUR (4)FASILITAS INFRASTRUKTUR (4)

Infrastruktur pengelolaan limbah (landfills, treatmentplants, recycling facilities):

Solid waste Hazardous waste Nuclear waste


Infrastruktur produksi dan distribusi energi:

Electric power production:hydro-electric power stations, gas-, oil-, and coal-fueled power generation.

Electric power distribution:high-voltage power transmission lines, substations, distribution systems, energy-control center, service and maintenance facilities.

Gas pipeline:gas production, pipeline, control centers, storage tanks, service and maintenance facilities.

Petroleum/oil production:pumping stations, oil/gas separation plants, roads.

Petroleum/oil distribution:marine & ground tanker terminals, pipelines, pumping stations, maintenance facilities, storage tanks.

Nuclear power stations:nuclear reactors, power generation stations, nuclear waste disposal facilities, emergency equipment & facilities.


Buildings:

Tall buildings residential/commercial:structures, utilities, swimming pools, security, ground access, parking.

Public buildings:schools, hospitals, government offices, police stations, fire stations, postal offices, parking structures.

Multipurpose complexes:coliseums, amphitheaters, convention centers, religious congregation buildings.

Sports complexes:indoor, stadiums, golf courses.

Movie theaters:indoor, drive-in.

Housing facilities:public, private.

Manufacturing/warehouse facilities. Hotels/commercial properties:

hotels, inns, time-sharing units, clubs, malls.


Fasilitas rekreasi:

Parks and playgrounds:roads, parking areas, recreational facilities, office buildings,rest rooms, ornamental fountains, swimming pools, picnic areas.

Lake and water sports:roads, parking areas, picnic areas, marinas.

Theme parks/casinos:access roads, buildings, restaurants, security facilities, structures.


Infrastruktur komunikasi:

Telecommunications network:telephone exchange stations, cable distribution, power supplies, switching and data processing centers, buildings, transmission towers, repeat stations.

Television/cable network:production stations, transmission facilities, cable distribution, power supply, buildings.

Wireless/satellite network:satellites, ground-control centers, communication systems, receivers, buildings, services & maintenance facilities.Information highway network:computer networks, cable distribution, data processing hardware/software, on-line and off-line systems, information sources, buildings, backup and recording mediums.

PROSES PENGELOLAAN INFRASTRUKTUR

Perencanaan dan penetapan program(planning and programming)

Perancangan (design) Konstruksi (pembangunan) Operasi dan pemeliharaan Pemantauan dan evaluasi

3ISSUES PENTING

Seluruh kegiatan hidup manusia perlu dilaksanakan di dalam suatulingkungan yang dibina atau dibangun dengan baik dimana di dalamnya terdapat berbagai infrastruktur yang diperlukan untuk dapat mencapai tujuan berkegiatan secara efektif dan efisien dengan tetap mempertahankan kelestarian lingkungan tersebut.

Di dalam negara yang sedang berkembang seperti Indonesia, kebutuhan akan infrastruktur dasar masih sangat besar. Berbagai permasalahan perlu diatasi dan strategi perlu ditetapkan untuk menyikapi berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi di dalam penyediaan infrastruktur fisik secara sustainable dengan memperhatikan kepentingan ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan untuk pembangunan Indonesia.

Infrastruktur fisik merupakan komponen dasar perekonomian dan merupakan aspek utama di dalam pemerataan pembangunan dan kesejahteraan (otonomi daerah) di dalam kondisi nasional yang beragam. Keberagaman ini merupakan masalah utama yang masihakan dihadapi bangsa Indonesia.

INFORMATION SUPPORT & MANAGEMENTINFORMATION SUPPORT & MANAGEMENT(1) (1)

PengelolaanPengelolaan informasiinformasi sebagaisebagai pendukungpendukungmerupakanmerupakan langkahlangkah kritiskritis yang yang menentukanmenentukanefektivitasefektivitas dan dan keberhasilankeberhasilan sistemsistempengelolaanpengelolaan infrastrukturinfrastruktur

AksesAkses informasiinformasi yang yang benarbenar dan dan tepattepat waktuwaktuadalahadalah esensialesensial untukuntuk prosesproses pengelolaanpengelolaan

InformasiInformasi diperlukandiperlukan oleholeh seluruhseluruh pihakpihakyang yang berperanberperan baikbaik dalamdalam planning, design, planning, design, construction, maintenanceconstruction, maintenance

Soils

Administrative/Political Districts

Zoning

Utilities

Parcels

Topographic Contours

Planimetric Features

Geodetic/Survey Control

An Illustration of the database layering concept

Life-CycleCosting

EngineeringDesign Data

Consumer Utilization

Data

LogisticSupport

Data

Realibility &Maintenance

Data

Production orConstruction

Data

ValueAnalysis &

Related Data

Accounting Data

ManagementPlanning

Data

Market AnalysisData

Data Sources for life-cycle cost analysis

STUDI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN (1)

Empat kelompok faktor dalam evaluasidampak lingkungan pembangunaninfrastruktur:

Faktor polusi Faktor ekologi Faktor sosial Faktor engineering

4STUDI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN (2)

Pollution factors:air quality, water quality, noise, construction impacts on surface and subsurface soil contamination, waste-water treatment, appropriate waste disposal

Ecological factors:wetlands, coastal zones, wildlife and waterfowl,endangered species, animal and bird habitats, flora and fauna, landscape and drainage, ecosystem disturbance

STUDI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN (3)

Social factors:displacement and relocation of residences and businesses, parkland and recreational areas, historical and archeological sites, cultural and religious places, natural and scenic beauty.

Engineering factors:storm-water drainage, flood hazards, use of energy and natural resources, costs and benefits of alternatives

Kuliah Pengantar Ke 1 SL-1101

Documents

Transcript of Kuliah Pengantar Ke 1 SL-1101