ITC Angga Febrian Sahid - 13771 - Ilkom IUP

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Discovering Computers 2011|Operating System And Utility Programs

Angga Febrian Sahid |Computer Science-IUP | Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Information Technology Contemporary

Angga Febrian Sahid - 11/315564/PA/13771

Computer Science - IUP

Lecturer: Dr. Azhari M.T.Universitas Gadjah Mada

CHAPTER: 8

Source book:Discovering Computers 2011Living in a Digital World

Gary B. ShellyMisty E. Vermaat

A part of Course Technology, Cengage Learning

Contributing Author

Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States

Operating System and Utility Programs





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Operating System and Utility Programs

System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the

computer and its devices. There are 2 kind of system software there are Operating system andutility program.

8.1 Operating System

An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities

among computer hardware resources. We can see the scheme

picture in the left for the function or position an operating system

in a computer. There are some function of operating system such

as, booting, provide a user interface, Start and shut down a

computer, Provide a user interface, Manage programs, Manage

memory, Coordinate tasks, Configure devices, Establish an Internet

connection, Monitor performance, Provide

utilities, Automatically update itself . Those

are a few function of operating system.

Manage program, how an operating

system handle some program is can

directly affects your productivity. Its can

depend to the kind of operating system, is

it a multi-tasking operating system or not.

What is multi tasking? Multi tasking is a

function that can make an operating

system running a few programs in same

time.

Many of the first operating systems were device dependent and proprietary. A

device dependent program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer.





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Proprietary software is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer model.

Some operating systems still are device dependent. The trend today, however, is toward

device-independent operating systems that run on computers provided by a variety of

manufacturers. The advantage of device independent operating systems is you can retain

existing application soft ware and data files even if you change computer models or

vendors.

a. Stand-Alone Operating system

A stand-alone

operating system is

a complete

operating system

that works on a

desktop computer,

notebook

computer, or mobile computing device. Some stand-alone operating systems

are called client operating systems because they also work in conjunction

with a server operating system. Client operating systems can operate with orwithout a network. Other stand-alone operating systems include networking

capabilities, allowing the home and small business user to set up a small

network. Examples of currently used stand-alone operating systems are

Windows 7, Mac OS X, UNIX, and Linux. The following pages briefly discuss

these operating systems.





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There is a few Description about one of stand-alone operating system.

1. Mac OS

Since it was released in

1984 with Macintosh

computers, Apple’s Macintosh

operating system has set the

standard for operating system

ease of use and has been the

model for most of the new GUIs

developed for non-Macintosh

systems. The latest version, Mac OS X, is amulti tasking operating system

available only for computers manufactured by Apple .Mac OS X includes

features from previous versions of the Macintosh operating system such as

large photo-quality icons, built-in networking support, e-mail, chat, online

shopping, enhanced speech recognition, optical disc burning, and enhanced

multimedia capabilities.





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2. Windows 7

In the mid-1980s, Microsoft developed its first version of

Windows, which provided a graphical user interface (GUI). Since then,

Microsoft continually has updated its Windows operating system,

incorporating innovative features and functions with each subsequent

version windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system

to date, offering

quicker program start

up, built-in

diagnostics, automatic

recovery, improved

security, enhanced

searching and

organizing capabilities,

and easy to use

interface.





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3. LINUX

Linux is one of the faster growing operating systems. Linux

(pronounced LINN-uks), introduced in 1991, is a popular, multitasking

UNIXtype operating system. In addition to the basic

operating system, Linux also includes many free

programming languages and utility programs. Linux

is not proprietary software like the operating

systems discussed thus far. Instead, Linux is open

source software, which means its code is provided

for use, modification, a redistribution. It has no

restrictions from the copyright holder regarding

modification of the software’s internal instructions

and redistribution of the software. Many

programmers have donated time to modify and

redistribute Linux to make it the best possible version of UNIX. Promoters

of open source software state two main advantages: users who modify

the software share their improvements with others, and customers can

personalize the software to meet their needs. Read Ethics & Issues 8-2for a related discussion. Linux is available in a variety of forms, known as

distributions. Some distributions of Linux are command-line. Others are

GUI

b. Server Operating System

A server operating system is an operating system that is designed

specifically to support a network. A server operating system typically resides

on a server. The client computers on the network rely on the server(s) forresources. Many of the stand-alone operating systems discussed in the

previous section function as clients and work in conjunction with a server

operating system. Some of these stand-alone operating systems do include

networking this distribution of Linux has a graphical user interface.





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Capability; however, server operating systems are designed specifically to

support all sizes of networks, including medium- to large-sized businesses

and Web servers. Examples of server operating systems include Windows

Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, and NetWare.

c. Embedded Operating system

An embedded operating system is an operating system for embedded

computer systems. These operating systems are designed to be compact,

efficient, and reliable, forsaking many functions that non-embedded

computer operating systems provide, and which may not be used by the

specialized applications they run. An important difference between most

embedded operating systems and desktop operating systems is that the

application, including the operating system, is usually statically linked

together into a single executable image. Unlike a desktop operating system,

the embedded operating system does not load and execute applications. This

means that the system is only able to run a single application. Kind of

Embedded Operating System is Windows, Embedded CE, Windows, Mobile,

Palm OS, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, Google Android, Embedded Linux, Symbian

OS,

8.2 Utility Program

A utility program, also called a utility, is a type of system software that allows a user

to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or

its programs. Most operating systems include several built-in utility programs. Users often

buy stand-alone utilities, however, because they offer improvements over those included

with the operating system. Functions provided by utility programs include the following:

managing files, searching for files, viewing images, uninstalling programs, cleaning up disks,

defragmenting disks, backing up files and disks, setting up screen savers, securing a

computer from unauthorized access, protecting against viruses, removing spyware and

adware, filtering Internet content, compressing files, playing media files, burning optical

discs, and maintaining a personal computer.





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1. File Manager

A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management.

Some of the file management functions that a file manager performs are displaying a list

of files on a storage medium organizing files in folders; copying, renaming, deleting,

moving, and sorting files and folders; and creating shortcuts. A folder is a specific named

location on a storage medium that contains related documents. A shortcut is an icon on

the desktop or in a folder that provides a user with immediate access to a program or

file.

2. Search Utility

A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer

based on criteria you specify. The criteria could be a word or words contained in a file,

date the file was created or modified, size of the file, location of the file, file name,

author/ artist, and other similar properties. Search utilities can look through documents,

photos, music, and other files on your computer and/ or on the Internet, combining

search results in a single location.

3. Uninstaller

An uninstaller is a utility that removes a program, as well as any associated

entries in the system files. When you install a program, the operating system records

the information it uses to run the software in the system files. The uninstaller deletes

files and folders from the hard disk, as well as removes program entries from the system

files. Operating systems usually provide an uninstaller.

4. Disk Cleanup

A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes sunnecessary files. Unnecessary

files may include downloaded program files, temporary Internet files, deleted files, and

unused program files. Operating systems, such as Windows, include a disk cleanup

utility.





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5. Disk Defragmenter

A disk defragmenter is a

utility that reorganizes the files

and unused space on a

computer’s hard disk so that the

operating system accesses data

more quickly and programs run

faster. When an operating

system stores data on a disk, it

places the data in the first

available sector on the disk. It attempts to place data in sectors that are contiguous

(next to each other), but this is not always possible. When the contents of a file are

scattered across two or more noncontiguous sectors, the file is fragmented .

Fragmentation slows down disk access and thus the performance of the entire

computer. Defragmenting the disk, or reorganizing it so that the files are stored in

contiguous sectors, solves this problem. Operating systems usually include a disk

defragmenter. Windows Disk Defragmenter is available in the System Tools list.

6. Screen Saver

Screen saver is a utility that causes a display device’s

screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard

or mouse activity occurs for a specified time. When you press a

key on the keyboard or move the mouse, the screen saver

disappears and the screen return to the previous state.





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7. Antivirus Programs

The term, computer virus,

describes a potentially damaging

computer program that affects, or

infects, a computer negatively by

altering the way the computer

works without the user’s knowledge

or permission. Once the virus is in a computer, it can spread throughout and may

damage your files and operating system.

8. Spyware and Adware Removers

Spyware is a program placed on a

computer without the user’s knowledge that

secretly collects information about the user,

often related to Web browsing habits.

Spyware can enter a computer as a virus or as

a result of a user installing a new program. The

spyware program communicates informationit collects to an outside source while you are

online. Adware is a program that displays an

online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other

Internet services. Sometimes, spyware is hidden in adware. A spyware remover is a

program that detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs. An adware

remover is a program that detects and deletes adware. Most spyware and adware

removers cost less than $50; some are available on the Web at no cost. Some operatingsystems and antivirus programs include spyware and adware removers. Popular stand-

alone spyware and adware removers include Ad-Aware, Spy Sweeper, Spybot – Search

and Destroy, and Windows Defender.





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9. Image Viewer FAQ 8-6

An image viewer is a utility that allows users to display, copy, and print the contents

of a graphics file, such as a photo. With an image viewer, users can see images without

having to open them in a paint or image editing program. Most operating systems

include an image viewer. Windows image viewer is called Windows Photo Viewer, which

also allows you to print and e-mail photos

10. File Compression

A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s). A compressed file takes up less

storage space than the original file. Compressing files frees up room on the storage

media and improves system performance. Attaching a compressed file to an e-mail

message, for example, reduces the time needed for file transmission. Uploading and

downloading compressed files to and from the Internet reduces the file transmission

time.

11. Disc Burning

Disc burning software writes text, graphics,audio, and video files on a recordable or

rewritable CD, DVD, or Blu-ray Disc. This software enables the home user easily to backup contents of their hard disk on an optical disc and make duplicates of uncopyrighted

music or movies. Disc burning software usually also includes photo editing, audio

editing, and video editing capabilities.

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