IT 10 - Pleural Diseases - JNA
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Transcript of IT 10 - Pleural Diseases - JNA
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PENYAKIT PLEURA
DR. Joni Anwar, dr., SpP
Subbagian Pulmonologi Bagian Ilmu Penyakit DalamFK Unsri RSUP Dr!"o#amma$ %oesin Palembang
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ANAT&"I
Selapis sel mesotel, mempunyai mikrovili
Dilapisi glikoprotein ( Hyaluronat)
Mengurangi gesekan
FISI&L&'I
Cairan pleura 0,1 0,2 / kg
!iltrasi "an rea#sor#si $ 1 liter / %r
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KANDUN'AN (AIRAN PLEURA
)olume
Sel mm*
"esotel +,- "onosit +,-
Lim.osit +,-
'ranulosit +,-
Protein
Albumin +,-
'lukosa
/01 2 /03 mlkgBB
1/// 2 4///
* 2 5/ */ 2 54
3 2 */
1/
1 2 3 gr$l
4/ 2 5/ ,
6 Plasma
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Rongga Pleura $a7at terisi 8
Cairan &'usi pleura
Dara% Hemotoraks
ana% iotoraks
*"ara neumotoraks
Cairan + u"ara Hi"ropneumotoraks
aringan ikat !i#rotoraks
-umor Mesotelioma
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EFUSI PLEURA
.eepatan 'iltrasi $ rea#sor#si Cairan "apat#erupa transu"at maupun eksu"at, untuk
mem#e"akannya "ilakukan pemeriksaan 1 rotein (atio) $ 0,3
2 4DH $ 200
5 4DH (atio) $ 0,6Cairan "ise#ut eksu"at 7ika ter"apat sala%satu kriteria "iatas (.riteria 4ig%t)
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"ekanisme Pembentukan (airan
eningkatan tekanan %i"rostatik
enurunan tekanan onkotik -urunnya tekanan pleura
eningkatan permea#ilitas kapiler
-er%am#atnya aliran .g
Masuk airan "ari peritonial
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ETI&L&'I
Transu$at +Pleuritis transu$ati9a-
(%F
%i7oalbumin
Urotoraks
Iatrogenik
Kom7likasi ()P Dialisis 7eritoneal
E:;)a
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E.usi 7leura eksu$ati. +7leuritis eksu$ati.-
1! Para 7neumonia 11! Kilotoraks
3! Tuberkulosa 13! E.usi kolesterol
*! In.eksi ! "alignan!Dresslers syn$rome
4! Emboli 7aru 14! Sin$rome meigs
?! Penyakit kolagen 1?! Uremia
5! Penyakit ab$omen 15! Sarkoi$osis@! ARDS 1@! Yello nail syn$rome
! Asbestosis 1! Ra$iasi
1/! %emotoraks 3/! %i7ertiroi$
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Pemeriksaan$ilan=utkan
'lukose Amilase
LD%
P%
P(&3
'e=ala klinik
; Nyeri $a$a; Sesak na7as
; Restriksi gerakan $in$ing $a$a
; Demam
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DIA'N&STIK
Pemeriksaan 8
8 !oto toraks 8 C- san
8 *S9 toraks 8 M:
Tin$akan 8
8 -orakosintesis 8 ;pen #iopsi(torakotomi)
8 iopsi pleura 8 ronkoskopi
8 leuroskopi
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&!*S: 4&*< 9
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ETI&L&'I
&'usi leura Maligna
1 .anker paru
2 .anker payu"ara
5 4im'oma
= .anker prostat 3 .anker lam#ung
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&'usi leura aramaligna
a &'ek lokal8 ;#struksi lim'atik
8 ;#struksi #ronkial / atelektasis
8 neumotoraks8 .ilotoraks
8 S>CS
# &'ek Sistemik
8 &m#oli
8 -ekanan onkotik yang ren"a%
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&'ek lokal
8 a"iasi 8 leuritis
8 !i#rosis
8 eaksi o#at8 Metotreksat
8 rokar#a?in
8 Siklopospami"
8 Mitomiin C
8 leomiin
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Gejala klinik :
-Sesak napas
- Batuk
- Sakit dada
Pemeriksaan
- Foto toraks - Torakoskopi
- Pungsi pleura - Open biopsi
- Biopsi pleura - Bronkoskopi
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DIAGNOSIS
Ditemukannya sel ganas pada cairan pleura
Pengobatan
- Observasi - Drainase (WSD)
- Torakosintesis - Drainase Pleurodesis
- !emoterapi - Pleuroperitoneal s"unt
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#adioterapi - Pleurektomi atau abrasi pleura
Prognosis $ kurang baik
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HEMATOTORAKS
dara" dalam rongga pleura
Penyebab :
- Trauma (penetrasi% non penetrasi)
- !omplikasi pembeda"an
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!omplikasi pemasangan &'P
- Pneumotoraks (tension)
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&D
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"an.aat CSD
8 &vakuasi "ara%8 Menyetop per"ara%an
8 engukuran 7umla% "ara% yang keluar
Kom7likasi 8
8 em#entukan 'i#rin 'i#rotoraks
8 &mpiema torasis (3A)
8 &'usi pleura eksu"ati' (13 50A)
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EMPIEMA TORASIS AKT
nana" (pus) dalam rongga toraks akut k"ronik
Penyebab :
* Pneumonia +* ,ematoraks
* .bses paru /* 0n1eksi 2amur
3* TB paru 4* Fistula
5* .bses subdia1ragma * 0n1eksi sekunder
6*
7ediastinitis * Benda asing8* !arsinoma bronkus 3* #uptur kgb
9* Trauma 5* Blood borne in1ectio
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'e=ala
8 Sesak napas 8 atuk
8 Demam 8 yeri "a"a
Tera7i
;
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Em7iema Kronik
&mpiema yang ti"ak respons "engan
pengo#atan
20 50A empiema akut kronik (terapi
a"ekuat)
Tera7i
Cen"rung ke pem#e"a%an
neumonektomi ekstra pleura (ega%penye#aran in'eksi)
Dekortikasi
@SD
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KIL&T&RAKS
.ilus "alam rongga toraks
pea%nya "uktus torasikus
enye#a#
30A ole% keganasan
8 4im'oma B3A
8 -rauma pem#e"a%an 23A
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D:
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Tera7i 8
8.onservati' menutup "alam #e#erapa minggu
8 4igasi
8 Sklerosis pleura (alternati')
8 Diet
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FIBR&T&RAKS
enumpukan 'i#rin pa"a pleura viseral
Disertai kalsi'ikasi konstriksi
entilasi menurun
8 !iksasi "an peninggian"ia'ragma
8 Skoliosis
PENYEBAB 8
8 Hemotoraks
8 -u#erkulosis
8 &m iema
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PEN'&BATAN
8 enega%an
8 -erapi a"ekuat ter%a"ap in'eksi
8 aspirasi (%emotoraks atau e'usi) 8 Dekortikasi
8 Hasil #aik (paru normal)
8 .urang #aik (7ika a"a kelainan parenkimparu)
8 enyakit yang su"a% lama "apat
memper#aiki 'ungsi paru
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Peumotoraks
Air within pleural space
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Classifcation
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Primer
Secunder Pulmonary disorder
Pleural disorder
Catamenial
Traumatic Pneumothorax
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Classifcation (cont.)
Traumatic Pneumothorax
Iathroenic
!arotrauma
Chest wall trauma
"on penetratin trauma
Penetratin trauma
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Incidence
#.$%&' per &. population
Smoker
## *old (male)
+ *old (*emale)
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Pathoenesis
,isceral pleural tears- rupture o*
le (most common)
/amilial (rare)
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Clinical mani*estation
Pleuritic chest pain (+0)
Acute onset o* dispneu (')
Couh (&)
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1adioloic fndin
Small 2.di3cult
collaps
4 5 d 4 6 chest wall dia.
%%%%%%%%%%% x &
4 d 6 pleural dia.
Collaps 6 7.8
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Collaps
&$ 22. &cm
7 22. #%#.$ cm
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Pathophysioloic e9ect
Atelectasis
Anatomic shunts
:;er;entilation contralat. 8un
I*
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Tension pneumothorax
Intra pl. tensions < atmospherepressure
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Catamenial pneumothorax
A syndr. :* recurrencepneumothorax in woman occurin
within =# hour o* onset o* menses Incidence
7%$
Ae 7% > (peak incidence)
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Iatroenic Pneumothrax
Complication o*
% 4ianostic procedure
% Therapeutic procedure
1epresent in hospital
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Traumatic Pneumothorax
Penetratin
!lunt chestwall trauma
Iatroenic
Transthoracic procedure
Transronchial procedure
Positi* pressure ;entilation
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"ES&TELI&"A
inak (enign mesot%elioma)
9anas (Malignant mesot%elioma)
Mesot%elioma 7inak
8 -erlokalisir
8 Sering pa"a anita8 leura viseral
8 -i"ak #er%u#ungan "engan as#es
8 on epitelial
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!erasal "ari #le$ra% bisa j$ga "ari& Peritoneal
& Perikar"i$m
& T$nika 'aginalis
(enis :
& Ti#e E#itelial )*+,-
& Ti#e .am#$ran )/0,-& Ti#e sarkoma )01 ,-
& Ti"ak "iketa2$i )0*,-
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PENYEBAB
-erpapar ole% as#es
'e=ala klinik 8
8 Sesak napas
8 yeri "a"a
8 9e7ala lain ( #atuk "ara%, Dispagi "an
Suara serak)
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%asil Tera7i
Mesotelioma lan7ut kurang #aik
Menurut 4aporan "ari -eam .anker
8 20 "ari E5 neumonektomi ekstra pleura me"ian survival 10 #ulan se"ang mortalitas
operasi 13A
8 ika #isa "i reseksiMe"ian survival 1F #ulan
Mortalitas 6A
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STADIU" +Bou
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TERAPI
"esotelioma =inak o7erasi
"esotelioma ganas 8
Sta$ium I &7erasi
Sta$ium II $an III "ulti mo$alitas
Sta$ium I) Kemotera7i
Hasil kemoterapi kom#inasi ti"ak le#i% #aik
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Hasil kemoterapi kom#inasi ti"ak le#i% #aik
"ari pa"a monoterapi
Regimen yang $ian=urkan 81 .ar#oplatin 130 mg/m, %ari 1 5, "iulang tiap =
minggu
2 Cisplatin 100, %ari 1, "iulang tiap 5 minggu
5 DoGoru#in 30, %ari 1, "iulang tiap 5 minggu
%asil Kemotera7i +Tunggal-
1 .ar#oplatin =30mg/m2 16A E #ulan
2 Cisplatin 100 mg/m21=A B #ulan
5 DoGoru#in 60 mg/m2 1=A B #ulan
= MiloGantron 12 mg/m2 BA tak "iketa%ui
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PROGNOSIS
Me"ian s$r'i'al + b$lan
Sta"i$m I 01 b$lan )R$33i "kk-