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`Digestion is the process of

breaking down large food

molecules into smallermolecules that can be

readily absorbed by the

body.

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` Mula-mula makanan masuk melalui mouth. Lepas

tu, dia lalu kat oesophagus. Seterusnya, dia masukkat stomach. Seterunya, dia lalu kat duodenum. Kat

sini nanti, ada pintu ke pancreas dan gall bladder.

Gall bladder pulak terletak di dalam liver. Tapi

makanan tak masuk kat situ, sebab dua tempat nicuma digunakan untuk mengeluarkan enzim

pencernaan makanan (digestive enzymes). Lepas tu,

makanan akan masuk ke small intestine dan

seterusnya ke large intestine. Akhirnya, makananakan disimpan di dalam rectum sehingga tiba waktu

ia akan dikeluarkan melalui anus.

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` Digestion takes place in two stages:

1) Physical digestion big pieces of food are

broken down into smaller pieces by teeth, &peristalsis process.

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` Chemical digestion enzymes break up

complex food molecules into smaller molecules.

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`One enzymes is ONLY for

one types of molecules`ONLY acts when the

condition suitable for it.

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` There are only three classes of food that will be

digest in our body.

Carbohydrates Proteins

Fat

Crabohydrates` supply energy to the body

` Eg : starches,sugars,cellulose

` The structures are complex and cannot be absorbed

by our body.

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`So, we need to

make thestructures more

simple

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`What is the name

for the simplestmolecules of

carbohydrates?

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carbohydrates

1) Mouthsalivary amylase produce by salivary glands

2) Duodenum

pancreatic amylase in pancreatic juice produce by pancreas

gland

3) Small intestine

Maltase in intestinal juice produce by small intestine

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`What is the name

for the simplestmolecules of

proteins?

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proteins

1) Stomachprotease in gastric juices produce by stomach wall

2) Duodenumprotease produce by pancreas gland in pancreatic juice

3) Small intestine

Maltase in intestinal juice produce by small intestine

Proteins polypeptidesprotease

Proteins polypeptidesprotease

Polypeptides amino acidsprotease

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fats

1) Duodenumprotease produce by pancreas gland in pancreatic juice

3) Small intestine

protease in intestinal juice produce by small intestine

LipaseFats Fatty acids & glycerol

LipaseFats Fatty acids & glycerol

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MOUTH

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STOMACH

The stomach wall produces gastric juices which

contain proteases and hydrochloric acid.

the hydrochloric acidis for:

Stops the action of salivary amylase

Provide an acidic medium for proteases

Kills bacteria in foods

Proteins polypeptidesprotease

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DUODENUM FIR ST PART OFSMALL INTESTINE

Receives bile from gall bladder

Bile is a greenish fluid produce by liver. It

use foremulsifies fats into oil droplets.

Receives pancreatic juice from pancreas.

Pancreatic juice contains pancreatic

amylase, protease and lipase.

Proteins polypeptidesprotease

Lipase

Fats Fatty acids & glycerol

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LOWER PART OFSMALL INTESTINE ILEUM

Receives intestinal juice which is contains

maltase, protease and lipase.

LipaseFats Fatty acids & glycerol

Polypeptides amino acidsprotease

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` So, you must remember that, the end

products of digestion are:

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

glucose

Amino acids

Fatty acids &

glycerol

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` Absorption of digested food takes place in thesmall intestine.

` Characteristics of small intestine that enable

to absorb end products of digestion; Has a lot of villi on its surface to increase surface area for

absorption

Each villus has a thin epithelial wall to enable the diffusion

of digested food.

There is a rich network of blood capillaries in each villus.

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The end products of digestion, vitamins and minerals are

absorbed by the villi into bloodstream.

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Reabsorption ofWaterand Defecation

` The undigested food, minerals and excess water passinto large intestine.

` The large intestine does not secrete any enzyme, so no

digestion occurs.

` The process ofreabsorption takes place in the largeintestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed into the

blood.

` After the water is reabsorbed, the undigested food turns

into faeces.` The faeces is stored in the rectum.

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` Defecation is the process in which faeces is

expelled from the body through the anus.

` Unsufficient fibre and water in our diet will cause

constipation.

` Therefore, we must always have enough fibre and

water in our diet.

` Food rich in fibre are fruits, vegetables and cereals.

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Practise the Habits ofHealthy Eating.

` We should practise good eating habits to avoid diet-related problems and diseases.

` It is important for us to eat nutritious food to keep us

healthy.

` Unhealthy eating habits can cause diet-relateddiseases such as diabetes, obesity, high blood

pressure and cancer.

` We should be thankful to God because we are able

to eat good and nutritious food every day.` Some of the underprivileged(kurang

berkemampuan)orthe needy(sangat miskin)

may need our help.

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` We must help them by donating food or money.

FOOD PYRAMID