Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (Studi Kepentingan Politik Budget Actors Dalam...

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11/7/13 Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (Studi Kepentingan Politik Budget Actors dalam Pembahasan APBD Propinsi Jawa Timur 2010) etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=53642&obyek_id=4 1/2 Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (Studi Kepentingan Politik Budget Actors dalam Pembahasan APBD Propinsi Jawa Timur 2010) Penulis Hermanto Rohman Pembimbing: Dr. Ambar Widaningrum, MA ABSTRACT: Although the East Java provincial government budget policy carries with "Budget for the People". But the data simply show that the budget for the people who initiated the couple elected governors (Dr. H. Soekarwo and H. Saifullah Yusuf) has not manifested on national politics in 2010 Budget Budgets second year after they were elected. Politics budgeting East Java was still very conservative with spending routine or indirectly as a "commander", while direct spending or development for the benefit of society as a "soldier". This indicates that budgeting is not only talking about a technocratic calculation, but also contain political. This thesis aims to examine issues of political dynamics in the reform of budgeting in the region. The focus of research is in the process of discussion of the East Java provincial budget of 2010 which includes the process of drafting or preparation of the proposed budget and the process of discussion draft budget (proposed budget) to be discussed with Parliament budget. This type of research used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach, whereas the analysis of data using an interactive analysis model Miles and Huberman. Problems of political dynamics in the reform of budgeting is important to discuss because, according to the theory of budgeting that budget reform is not just making better budget, but more importantly to see the political dimension of the budget, especially the "who gets what" (V. O. Key: 1940, Aaron Wildavsky: 1958.1985). In the politics of budgeting have one most fundamental problem, namely the limited resources that will bring up different modes of political interests of each of many parties in the budget (budget actors) (Rubin, 1993:4). For this mode of analysis of political interests and how the relationship between budget actors political interests will not be separated from the theory of agency problems in the policy (Lupia & McCubbins, 1994). Research findings are the political interests of the mode of budget actors (executive and legislative) in the budget discussion process in East Java in 2010, which fragmented on: First, the interest in setting the budget revenue target of which is politics mark-down in projected revenue, politics mark-up in budget spending and tolerate the existence of the fund is not absorbed through the SILPA; Second, the interest in setting the budget with increased spending of grant funds and social assistance as a political ceiling for members of parliament, as well as enlarging the bureaucracy in the budget expenditure ceiling of direct (public expenditure). In this mode there is a pattern of political interests of the agency relationship between budget actors and the likely occurrence of a stake in budget negotiations that have an impact on opportunistic behavior, moral hazard and potentially detrimental to the community that gave birth to corruption. To minimize the chances of political interests in the process of budget policy, the government should make arrangements in the legislation concerning the management and supervision of funds SILPA, a clear determination of the ratio of expenditures for personnel emoluments in the budget, setting spending limits the ratio of social assistance and grants. In addition civil society also need to watch every moment of the discussion and determination of the budget, and if necessary people to make advocacy network in the budget. INTISARI: Provinsi Jawa Timur pada periode 2009-2014 dengan gubernur dan wakil gubernur terpilih DR. H. Soekarwo (Pak Dhe Karwo) dan H. Saifullah Yusuf (Gus Ipul) mengusung janji politik melalui jargon APBD untuk Rakyat. Namun data cukup menunjukkan APBD untuk rakyat yang digagas pasangan terpilih tersebut belum termanifestasikan pada kebijakan politik Anggaran APBD tahun 2010 tahun kedua pasca mereka terpilih. Politik penganggaran Jawa Timur ternyata masih sangat konservatif dengan belanja rutin atau tak langsung sebagai "panglima", sementara belanja langsung atau pembangunan untuk kepentingan masyarakat sebagai "prajurit". Penelitian tesis ini bertujuan mengkaji

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Transcript of Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (Studi Kepentingan Politik Budget Actors Dalam...

Page 1: Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (Studi Kepentingan Politik Budget Actors Dalam Pembahasan APBD Propinsi Jawa Timur 2010)

11/7/13 Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (Studi Kepentingan Politik Budget Actors dalam Pembahasan APBD Propinsi Jawa Timur 2010)

etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=53642&obyek_id=4 1/2

Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (StudiKepentingan Politik Budget Actors dalam Pembahasan

APBD Propinsi Jawa Timur 2010)

Penulis

Hermanto Rohman

Pembimbing: Dr. Ambar Widaningrum, MA

ABSTRACT: Although the East Java provincial government budget policy carries with "Budget for the People". But thedata simply show that the budget for the people who initiated the couple elected governors (Dr. H. Soekarwo and H.Saifullah Yusuf) has not manifested on national politics in 2010 Budget Budgets second year after they were elected.Politics budgeting East Java was still very conservative with spending routine or indirectly as a "commander", whiledirect spending or development for the benefit of society as a "soldier". This indicates that budgeting is not only talkingabout a technocratic calculation, but also contain political. This thesis aims to examine issues of political dynamics inthe reform of budgeting in the region. The focus of research is in the process of discussion of the East Java provincial

budget of 2010 which includes the process of drafting or preparation of the proposed budget and the process ofdiscussion draft budget (proposed budget) to be discussed with Parliament budget. This type of research used isdescriptive research with a qualitative approach, whereas the analysis of data using an interactive analysis model Milesand Huberman. Problems of political dynamics in the reform of budgeting is important to discuss because, accordingto the theory of budgeting that budget reform is not just making better budget, but more importantly to see thepolitical dimension of the budget, especially the "who gets what" (V. O. Key: 1940, Aaron Wildavsky: 1958.1985). In thepolitics of budgeting have one most fundamental problem, namely the limited resources that will bring up different

modes of political interests of each of many parties in the budget (budget actors) (Rubin, 1993:4). For this mode ofanalysis of political interests and how the relationship between budget actors political interests will not be separated

from the theory of agency problems in the policy (Lupia & McCubbins, 1994). Research findings are the politicalinterests of the mode of budget actors (executive and legislative) in the budget discussion process in East Java in 2010,

which fragmented on: First, the interest in setting the budget revenue target of which is politics mark-down inprojected revenue, politics mark-up in budget spending and tolerate the existence of the fund is not absorbed through

the SILPA; Second, the interest in setting the budget with increased spending of grant funds and social assistance as a

political ceiling for members of parliament, as well as enlarging the bureaucracy in the budget expenditure ceiling ofdirect (public expenditure). In this mode there is a pattern of political interests of the agency relationship between

budget actors and the likely occurrence of a stake in budget negotiations that have an impact on opportunisticbehavior, moral hazard and potentially detrimental to the community that gave birth to corruption. To minimize the

chances of political interests in the process of budget policy, the government should make arrangements in thelegislation concerning the management and supervision of funds SILPA, a clear determination of the ratio of

expenditures for personnel emoluments in the budget, setting spending limits the ratio of social assistance and grants.In addition civil society also need to watch every moment of the discussion and determination of the budget, and if

necessary people to make advocacy network in the budget.

INTISARI: Provinsi Jawa Timur pada periode 2009-2014 dengan gubernur dan wakil gubernur terpilih DR. H. Soekarwo(Pak Dhe Karwo) dan H. Saifullah Yusuf (Gus Ipul) mengusung janji politik melalui jargon APBD untuk Rakyat. Namun

data cukup menunjukkan APBD untuk rakyat yang digagas pasangan terpilih tersebut belum termanifestasikan padakebijakan politik Anggaran APBD tahun 2010 tahun kedua pasca mereka terpilih. Politik penganggaran Jawa Timur

ternyata masih sangat konservatif dengan belanja rutin atau tak langsung sebagai "panglima", sementara belanjalangsung atau pembangunan untuk kepentingan masyarakat sebagai "prajurit". Penelitian tesis ini bertujuan mengkaji

Page 2: Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (Studi Kepentingan Politik Budget Actors Dalam Pembahasan APBD Propinsi Jawa Timur 2010)

11/7/13 Dinamika Politik Reformasi Anggaran Pro Rakyat (Studi Kepentingan Politik Budget Actors dalam Pembahasan APBD Propinsi Jawa Timur 2010)

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permasalahan dinamika politik dalam reformasi penganggaran di daerah. Fokus penelitian proses pembahasan APBDprovinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2010 yang meliputi proses drafting atau penyusunan RAPBD serta proses pembahasan draf

anggaran (RAPBD) untuk dibahas bersama DPRD menjadi APBD. Fokus analisisnya adalah pada dinamika politikdengan melihat modus kepentingan politik para budget actors serta pola hubungan antara masing-masing budget

actors dalam menjalankan kepentingannya. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatifyang menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman dalam analisis datanya. Permasalahan dinamika

politik dalam reformasi penganggaran ini penting untuk dibahas karena menurut teori penganggaran dalam karyaklasik V.O. Key (1940), Aaron Wildavsky (1958 dan 1985) yang mengingatkan bahwa reformasi anggaran bukan sekadar

membuat better budget, tetapi yang lebih penting harus melihat dimensi politik anggaran, terutama “siapa

memperoleh apa” (who gets what). V.O. Key juga mengisyaratkan bahwa penganggaran memiliki satu masalah palingmendasar, yakni keterbatasan sumber daya. Hal ini berimplikasi pada pengalokasian anggaran memunculkan modus

kepentingan politik yang berbeda dari masing-masing banyak pihak dalam anggaran (budget actors) (Rubin, 1993:4).Untuk menganalisis modus kepentingan dan bagaimana hubungan kepentingan politik antar budget actors ini akan

terkait dengan persoalan keagenan. Lupia & McCubbins (1994) menyatakan bahwa masalah yang dihadapi legislaturdalam proses kebijakan (anggaran) dapat diartikan sebagai fenomena yang disebut agency problems. Berdasarkan hasil

temuan penelitian terdapat modus kepentingan politik para budget actors (eksekutif maupun legislatif) dalam prosespembahasan APBD Jawa Timur tahun 2010 yang terfragmentasi pada kepentingan dalam penetapan target pendapatan

anggaran dengan modus politic mark down dalam proyeksi pendapatan, Politic mark up dalam belanja anggaran serta

mentolerir adanya dana tidak terserap melalui SILPA. Sedangkan kepentingan dalam penetapan belanja anggaranterdapat modus peningkatan dana hibah dan bantuan sosial sebagai plafon politik bagi anggota DPRD, serta modus

memperbesar anggaran birokrasi dalam plafon anggaran belanja langsung (belanja publik). Dalam modus kepentinganpolitik tersebut terdapat pola hubungan keagenan antara budget actors dan berpeluang terjadinya negosiasi

kepentingan dalam anggaran yang berdampak pada perilaku oportunistik, moral hazard serta berpotensi melahirkankorupsi yang merugikan masyarakat. Untuk meminimalisir peluang adanya modus kepentingan politik dalam proses

kebijakan anggaran, pemerintah perlu membuat pengaturan dalam undang-undang mengenai pengelolaan danpengawasan dana SILPA, penentuan rasio yang jelas mengenai belanja untuk honorarium pegawai dalam anggaran,

penentuan batas rasio belanja bantuan sosial dan hibah. Selain itu masyarakat sipil juga perlu mengawasi setiapmomen pembahasan dan penetapan anggaran, dan kalau perlu masyarakat membuat simpul-simpul advokasi dalam

anggaran.

Kata kunci Politik Anggaran dan Teori Keagenan

Program Studi UGM

No Inventaris 3836-H-2011

Deskripsi xi, 194 p., bibl., ills., 29 cm.

Bahasa Indonesia

Jenis Tesis

Penerbit [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2011

Lokasi Perpustakaan Pusat UGM

File Tulisan Lengkap dapat Dibaca di Ruang Tesis/Disertasi

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