Daftar Obat-obatan Untuk Ibu Hamil Dan Menyusui
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Transcript of Daftar Obat-obatan Untuk Ibu Hamil Dan Menyusui
Lactation Risk Categories Pregnancy Risk Categories L1 (Paling Aman)
L2 (Aman)
L3 (Cukup Aman)
L4 (Kemungkinan Barbahaya)
L5 (Kontra Indikasi)
A (studi terkontrol menunjukkan tanpa resiko)
B (tidak ada bukti risiko pada manusia)
C (risiko tidak dapat dikesampingkan)
D (bukti positif resiko)
X (dikontraindikasikan untuk Ibu Hamil)
Generic name Trade Name AAP approved?*
Pregnancy Risk
Category**
Lactation Risk
Category**Analgesics (Pain-killers) [more]Acetaminophen Tylenol Approved/diseujui B L1Colchicine Colchicine Approved D L4Nefopam Acupan Approved - NR Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) [more]Azapropazone (apazone) Rheumox Approved - L2Dipyrone (banned in the US & UK) - Approved - NR
Flufenamic acid - Approved - NR
IbuprofenAdvil, Nuprin, Motrin, Pediaprofin
Approved
B (1st, 2nd trim.)D (3rd trim.)
L1
Indomethacin Indocin Approved
B (1st, 2nd trim.)D (3rd trim.)
L3
Ketorolac Toradol, Acular Approved
B (1st, 2nd trim.)D (3rd trim.)
L2
Mefenamic acid Ponstan, Ponstel Approved - NR
Naproxen
Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naproxen, Aleve
Approved BL3
L4 (for chronic use)
Phenylbutazone Butazolidine Approved - NRPiroxicam Feldene Approved B L2
Suprofen Profenal Approved - NRTolmetin Tolectin Approved C L3 Narcotic analgesics [more]
Butorphanol Stadol Approved
B (1st, 2nd trim.)D (3rd trim.)
L3
Codeine Tylenol #3, #4 Approved C L3Fentanyl Sublimaze Approved B L2
Meperidine Demerol Approved B
L2L3 (if used
early postpartum)
Methadone Dolophine Approved B L3Morphine Morphine Approved B L3
PropoxypheneDarvocet N, Propacet, Darvon
Approved C L2
Anesthesia, Anesthetics [more] [contents]Halothane Fluothane Approved C L2Lidocaine Xylocaine Approved C L2Methohexital Brevital Approved B L3Thiopental Pentothal Approved C L3Antacids, GI meds [contents]Cimetidine (Antacid) Tagamet Approved B L2Cisapride (GI tract stimulant) Propulsid Approved C L2Domperidone (used for nausea & vomiting, stimulates lactation) [more]
Motilum Approved - L1
Antibiotics [contents]
Amoxicillin Larotid, Amoxil Approved B L1
Aztreonam Azactam Approved B L2
Cefadroxil Ultracef, Duricef Approved B L1
Cefazolin Ancef, Kefzol Approved B L1Cefotaxime Claforan Approved B L2Cefoxitin Mefoxin Approved B L1Cefprozil Cefzil Approved C L1Ceftazidime Ceftazidime,
Fortaz, Approved B L1
TaxidimeCeftriaxone Rocephin Approved B L2Ciprofloxacin [more] Cipro Approved C L3Clindamycin Cleocin Approved B L3
ErythromycinE-Mycin, Ery-tab, ERYC, Ilosone
Approved BL1
L3 early postnatal
Fleroxacin - Approved - NRGentamicin Garamycin Approved C L2
Kanamycin Kebecil, Kantrex Approved D L2
Moxalactam Moxam Approved - NRNitrofurantoin Macrobid Approved B L2Ofloxacin Floxin Approved C L2Penicillin - Approved B L1Streptomycin Streptomycin Approved D L3Sulbactam - Approved - NR
Sulfisoxazole Gantrisin, Azo-Gantrisin Approved C L2
TetracyclineAchromycin, Sumycin, Terramycin
Approved D L2
Ticarcillin Ticarcillin, Ticar, Timentin Approved B L1
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Proloprim, Trimpex Approved C L3
Anticoagulants [contents]Bishydroxycoumarin (dicumarol) - Approved - NR
Warfarin Coumadin, Panwarfin Approved D L2
Anticonvulsants [contents]Carbamazepine Tegretol, Epitol Approved C L2Ethosuximide Zarontin Approved C L4Magnesium sulfate Epsom salt Approved B L1Phenytoin Dilantin Approved D L2
Valproic acid Depakene, Depakote Approved D L2
Antifungals [contents]Fluconazole [more] Diflucan Approved C L2
KetoconazoleNizoral Shampoo, Nizoral
Approved C L2
Antihistamines [more] [contents]Dexbrompheniramine maleate with d-isoephedrine - Approved - NR
Fexofenadine Allegra Approved C L2Loratadine Claritin Approved B L1Terfenadine Seldane Approved - NRTriprolidine Actidil, Actifed Approved C L1Antivirals [contents]Acyclovir [more] Zovirax Approved C L2
Interferon-alpha [more]Alferon N, Interferon Alpha
Approved C L2
Arthritis meds (see also: pain meds) [contents]
Gold saltsRidaura, Myochrysine, Solganal
Approved C L5
Asthma meds (see also: steroids) [contents]
Dyphylline Dilor, Lufyllin, Dyphylline Approved C L3
Terbutaline Bricanyl, Brethine Approved B L2
TheophyllineAminophylline, Quibron, Theo-Dur
Approved C L3
Contraceptives, Hormones [more] [contents]
EstradiolEstratab, Permarin, Menest
Approved X
L3 (may interfere with milk
production)Clogestone - Approved - NR
Contraceptive pill with estrogen/progesterone
Preven, Seasonale, Norinyl, Norlestin, Ortho-Novum, Ovral, Lunelle injection, Ortho-Evra patch, etc.
Approved X
L3 (may interfere with milk
production)
Levonorgestrel Norplant, Approved X L2
Mirena, Plan B
Medroxyprogesterone Provera, Depo-Provera, Cycrin Approved D
L1L4 (if used first 3 days postpartum)
Norethynodrel Enovid Approved X L2
Progesterone Crinone, Prometrium Approved - L3
Cough meds [more] [contents]Codeine Tylenol #3, #4 Approved C L3Noscapine - Approved - NRDecongestants [more] [contents]
Pseudoephedrine
Sudafed, Halofed, Novafed, Actifed
Approved C
L3 (for acute use)
L4 (for chronic use)
Diabetes meds [contents]Note: Insulin has not been reviewed by the AAP. Pregnancy risk category = B; Lactation risk category = L1.
Tolbutamide Oramide, Orinase Approved D L3
Diarrhea meds [contents]
Loperamide
Imodium, Pepto Diarrhea Control, Maalox Antidiarrheal Caplets, Kaopectate II Caplets, Immodium Advanced
Approved B L2
** Note: Pepto-Bismol & Kaopectate (bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in both) are not recommended for routine use by nursing moms, due to the association of salicylates with Reyes syndrome in children. [more]Diuretics [contents]
Acetazolamide Dazamide, Diamox Approved C L2
Bendroflumethiazide Naturetin Approved DL4 (may inhibit
lactation)Chlorothiazide Hydrodiuril Approved D L3Chlorthalidone Hygroton Approved D L3
Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrodiuril, Esidrix, Oretic Approved D L2
Spironolactone Aldactone Approved D L2Galactagogues (milk supply) [more] [contents]Domperidone Motilum Approved - L1Heart, Blood Pressure meds (Antiarrhythmics, Antihypertensives, Cardiac stimulants) [contents]
Antiarrhythmics
Disopyramide Norpace, Napamide Approved C L2
Flecainide Tambocor Approved C L3Mexiletine Mexitil Approved B L2
Procainamide Pronestyl, Procan Approved C L3
Quinidine Quinaglute, Quinidex Approved C L2
Antihypertensives
Captopril Capoten Approved DL3 (if used
after 30 days)
Diltiazem/Diltiazem HCL
Cardizem Sr, Dilacor-XR, Diltiazem, Cardizem CD
Approved C L3
Enalapril/Enalapril Maleate Vasotec Approved
C (1st trim.)
D (2nd, 3rd trim.)
L2
Hydralazine Apresoline Approved C L2
Labetalol Trandate, Normodyne Approved C L2
Methyldopa Aldomet Approved C L2
Metoprolol Toprol XL, Lopressor Approved B L3
MinoxidilLoniten, Minodyl, Rogaine
Approved CL2
(topically)L3 (orally)
Nadolol Corgard, Nadolol Approved C L4
Nifedipine Adalat, Procardia Approved C L2
Oxprenolol Apsolox, Slow- Approved - NR
Trasicor, Trasicor
Propranolol Inderol Approved C L2Sotalol Betapace Approved B L3Timolol Blocadren Approved C L2
Verapamil Calan, Isoptin, Covera-HS Approved C L2
Cardiac stimulants
Digoxin Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps Approved C L2
Laxatives [more] [contents]Cascara/Cascara Sagrada - Approved C L3Danthron - Approved - NRMagnesium sulfate Epsom salt Approved B L1Senna - Approved - L3Malaria meds [contents]
Chloroquine Aralen, Novo-chloroquine Approved C L3
Hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil Approved C L2Pyrimethamine Daraprim Approved C L4Quinine Quinamm Approved D L2Medical Testing [more] [contents]Diatrizoate - Approved - NRFluorescein - Approved C L3Gadopentetic (Gadolinium) - Approved C L2Iohexol Omnipaque Approved B L2Iopanoic acid Telepaque Approved D L2Metrizamide Amipaque Approved B L2Metrizoate Isopaque Approved B L2Migraine meds (see also: pain meds) [more] [contents]Sumatriptan Imitrex Approved C L3Sedatives [more] [contents]
Chloral hydrate Aquachloral, Noctec Approved C L3
Methyprylon (withdrawn from use in US & Canada) - Approved - NR
Bromide - Approved D L5Secobarbital Seconal Approved D L3Sleep Aids [contents]
Zolpidem/Zolpidem Tartrate Ambien Approved B L3Steroids [contents]Methylprednisolone[ high dosage methylprednisolone]
Solu-Medrol, Depo-Medrol, Medrol
Approved C L2
Prednisolone - Approved C L2
PrednisoneDeltasone, Meticorten, Orasone
Approved C L2
Thyroid meds [more] [contents]Carbimazole - Approved D L3Methimazole (active metabolite of carbimazole) Tapazole Approved D L3
Propylthiouracil PTU Approved D L2Thiouracil - Approved - NR
Levothyroxine
Synthroid, Levothroid, Thyroid, Levo-T, Levoxyl
Approved A L1
Tuberculosis meds [contents]Cycloserine Seromycin Approved C L3
Ethambutol Ethambutol, Myambutol Approved B L2
Isoniazid INH, Laniazid Approved C L3
Rifampin Rifadin, Rimactane Approved C L2
Vitamins [more] [contents]B-1 (thiamin) - Approved - NRB-12 (Cyanocobalamin) - Approved A L1
B-6 (pyridoxine) - Approved A
L2; L4 in high doses
(may inhibit lactation)
D, vitamin Calciferol, Delta-d Approved A L3 (do not
overdose)
Folic acid - Approved
A (1st, 2nd trim.)C (3rd trim.)
L1
K-1, vitamin (Phytonadione) - Approved C L1Riboflavin/B2 - Disetujui A L1Miscellaneous [contents]
Acitretin (Anti-psoriasis) Soriatane Disetujui - NRAlcohol/Ethanol [more] - Disetujui D L3
Allopurinol Zyloprim, Lopurin Disetujui
C L2
Antimony -Disetujui
- NR
Atropine (Anticholinergic, drying agent)
Belladonna, Atropine Disetujui
C L3
Azapropazone/apazone (Antirheumatic) Rheumox
Disetujui- L2
Baclofen (muscle relaxant) Lioresal, Atrofen Disetujui
C L2
Barbiturate -Disetujui
- NR
Caffeine [more] Vivarin, NoDoz, Coffee Disetujui
B L2
Carbetocin (Antihemorrhagic) DuratocinDisetujui
- NR
Chloroform -Disetujui
- NR
Cisplatin (Anti-cancer) PlatinolDisetujui
D L4
Dapsone (Antileprosy) Avlosulfon, DDS Disetujui
C L4
Hydroxychloroquine (Antirheumatic, lupus) Plaquenil
DisetujuiC L2
Iodides -Disetujui
- NR
Iodine -Disetujui
- NR
Iodine (povidone-iodine, eg, in a vaginal douche)
- - NR
Disetujui
Ivermectin (Antiparasitic) MectizanDisetujui
C L3
Nalidixic acid (Urinary Anti-infective) NegGram
DisetujuiB L4
Norsteroids -Disetujui
- NR
Pyridostigmine (Muscle stimulant)
Mestinon, Regonol Disetujui
C L2
Scopolamine (Motion sickness) Transderm Scope Disetujui
C L3
Sulfapyridine DagenanDisetujui
- NR
Timolol (glaucoma med) BlocadrenDisetujui
D L3
* Per the AAP Policy Statement The Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk, revised September 2001.
Approved: (Table 6) Maternal Medication Usually Compatible With Breastfeeding Caution: (Table 5) Drugs That Have Been Associated With Significant Effects on
Some Nursing Infants and Should Be Given to Nursing Mothers With Caution
NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has not yet been reviewed by the AAP.
** Per Medications' and Mothers' Milk by Thomas Hale, PhD (2004 edition). Lactation Risk Categories Pregnancy Risk Categories
L1 (Paling Aman)
L2 (Aman)
L3 (Cukup Aman)
L4 (Kemungkinan Barbahaya)
L5 (Kontra Indikasi)
A (studi terkontrol menunjukkan tanpa resiko)
B (tidak ada bukti risiko pada manusia)
C (risiko tidak dapat dikesampingkan)
D (bukti positif resiko)
X (dikontraindikasikan untuk Ibu Hamil) NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has