DAFTAR ISI - repository.upi.edurepository.upi.edu/6641/3/S_PSIPS_0907146_Table Of Content.pdf · E....
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i Fazar Desca Nugraha,2014 PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KESEJARAHAN SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................... v DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................................... vi BAB I : Pendahuluan ..................................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................................. 1 B. Identifikasi dan Perumusan Masalah ......................................................................... 5 C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 5 D. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................................................... 6 E. Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ........................................................................................ 7 BAB II : Kajian Pustaka ............................................................................................... 8 A. Media Pembelajaran ................................................................................................... 8 1. Pengertian Media Pembelajaran .......................................................................... 8 2. Sejarah Penggunaan Media ................................................................................. 10 3. Peranan Media dalam Pembelajaran .................................................................. 11 4. Taksonomi Media Belajar ................................................................................... 15 a. Taksonomi Rudy Bretz ................................................................................ 16 b. Taksonomi Duncan ...................................................................................... 17 c. Taksonomi Briggs ........................................................................................ 18 d. Taksonomi Gagne ........................................................................................ 19 e. Taksonmi Edling .......................................................................................... 20 f. Taksonmi Edgar Dale ................................................................................... 21 5. Jenis - Jenis Media Pembelajaran ........................................................................ 21 a. Media Visual ................................................................................................ 22 1) Media Grafis ........................................................................................... 23 2) Media Berbahan Cetak ............................................................................ 25 3) Media Gambar Diam ............................................................................... 26 4) Media Proyeksi Diam ............................................................................. 27 b. Media Audio ................................................................................................ 28 1) Media Radio ............................................................................................ 28 2) Alat perekam Pita Magnetik ................................................................... 29 B. Media Audio Visual ................................................................................................... 29 1. Teori Media Audio Visual ................................................................................... 29 a. Teori Dual Coding ........................................................................................ 29 b. Teori Quantum Learning ............................................................................... 30 c. Media Animasi Reiber .................................................................................. 30 2. Media Audio Visual Gerak .................................................................................. 31 a. Film ............................................................................................................... 31 b. Televisi ......................................................................................................... 31 1) Televisi Terbuka ..................................................................................... 31 2) Televisi Saran Terbatas ........................................................................... 32 3) Video Cassette Recorder.......................................................................... 32 3. Media Audio Visual Diam ................................................................................... 32 a. Slide ............................................................................................................. 32 b. Filmstrips ..................................................................................................... 32 4. Multimedia .......................................................................................................... 33 a. Media Presentasi .......................................................................................... 33 C. Pembelajaran Sejarah ................................................................................................. 35 1. Kesadaran Sejarah ............................................................................................... 35 2. Wawasan Sejarah ................................................................................................ 36 3. Kearifan Sejarah .................................................................................................. 36
Transcript of DAFTAR ISI - repository.upi.edurepository.upi.edu/6641/3/S_PSIPS_0907146_Table Of Content.pdf · E....
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Fazar Desca Nugraha,2014 PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KESEJARAHAN SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................................... i
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................... ii
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................................... vi
BAB I : Pendahuluan ..................................................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................................. 1
B. Identifikasi dan Perumusan Masalah ......................................................................... 5
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 5
D. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................................................... 6
E. Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ........................................................................................ 7
BAB II : Kajian Pustaka ............................................................................................... 8
A. Media Pembelajaran ................................................................................................... 8
1. Pengertian Media Pembelajaran .......................................................................... 8
2. Sejarah Penggunaan Media ................................................................................. 10
3. Peranan Media dalam Pembelajaran .................................................................. 11
4. Taksonomi Media Belajar ................................................................................... 15
a. Taksonomi Rudy Bretz ................................................................................ 16
b. Taksonomi Duncan ...................................................................................... 17
c. Taksonomi Briggs ........................................................................................ 18
d. Taksonomi Gagne ........................................................................................ 19
e. Taksonmi Edling .......................................................................................... 20
f. Taksonmi Edgar Dale ................................................................................... 21
5. Jenis - Jenis Media Pembelajaran ........................................................................ 21
a. Media Visual ................................................................................................ 22
1) Media Grafis ........................................................................................... 23
2) Media Berbahan Cetak ............................................................................ 25
3) Media Gambar Diam ............................................................................... 26
4) Media Proyeksi Diam ............................................................................. 27
b. Media Audio ................................................................................................ 28
1) Media Radio ............................................................................................ 28
2) Alat perekam Pita Magnetik ................................................................... 29
B. Media Audio Visual ................................................................................................... 29
1. Teori Media Audio Visual ................................................................................... 29
a. Teori Dual Coding ........................................................................................ 29
b. Teori Quantum Learning ............................................................................... 30
c. Media Animasi Reiber .................................................................................. 30
2. Media Audio Visual Gerak .................................................................................. 31
a. Film ............................................................................................................... 31
b. Televisi ......................................................................................................... 31
1) Televisi Terbuka ..................................................................................... 31
2) Televisi Saran Terbatas ........................................................................... 32
3) Video Cassette Recorder.......................................................................... 32
3. Media Audio Visual Diam ................................................................................... 32
a. Slide ............................................................................................................. 32
b. Filmstrips ..................................................................................................... 32
4. Multimedia .......................................................................................................... 33
a. Media Presentasi .......................................................................................... 33
C. Pembelajaran Sejarah ................................................................................................. 35
1. Kesadaran Sejarah ............................................................................................... 35
2. Wawasan Sejarah ................................................................................................ 36
3. Kearifan Sejarah .................................................................................................. 36
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D. Pemahaman Kesejarahan ........................................................................................... 36
1. Cronological Thingking ....................................................................................... 37
2. Historical Thinking................................................................................................ 38
3. Historical Analysis and Interpretation .................................................................. 38
4. Historical Research Capabilities ........................................................................... 39
5. Historical Issues-Analysis Ana Decision Making ................................................ 39
E. Peranan Media Audio Visual untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Kesejarahan ........... 41
BAB III : Metode Penelitian .......................................................................................... 50
A. Pendekatan Metode dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................. 50
1. Penelitian Kualitatif ............................................................................................. 50
2. Metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ...................................................................... 49
3. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................... 51
a. Wawancara ..................................................................................................... 52
b. Observasi ....................................................................................................... 52
c. Studi Dokumentasi ......................................................................................... 53
B. Subjek dan Lokasi Penelitian ..................................................................................... 54
C. Teknik Pengolahan Data ............................................................................................ 54
D. Uji Validitas ............................................................................................................... 55
a. Member Check ..................................................................................................... 56
b. Triangulasi .......................................................................................................... 56
c. Expert Opinion ..................................................................................................... 56
E. Prosedur Peneitian ..................................................................................................... 57
1. Perencanaan (Plan) .............................................................................................. 58
2. Tindakan (Act) ...................................................................................................... 59
3. Observasi ............................................................................................................. 60
4. Refleksi (Reflect) .................................................................................................. 60
BAB IV : Hasil-Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan ...................................................... 62
A. Deskripsi Sekolah ...................................................................................................... 62
1. Sejarah Singkat ..................................................................................................... 62
2. Visi-Misi dan Tujuan Sekolah ............................................................................. 63
3. Denah Sekolah ..................................................................................................... 64
4. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................................... 64
B. Hasil-Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan .................................................................... 65
1. Desain Perencanaan
a. Observasi ....................................................................................................... 65
b. Wawancara .................................................................................................... 66
c. Studi Dokumentasi ........................................................................................ 68
d. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 70
2. Tahapan – Tahapan Pelaksanaan
a. Siklus I ........................................................................................................... 78
b. Siklus II ......................................................................................................... 104
c. Siklus III ........................................................................................................ 109
d. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 123
3. Deskripsi Hasil : Meningkatanya Pemahaman Kesejarahan Siswa dalam
Pembelajaran Sejarah setelah Menggunakan Media Audio Visual
a. Siklus I .......................................................................................................... 125
b. Siklus II .......................................................................................................... 125
c. Siklus III ........................................................................................................ 125
d. Kesimpulan..................................................................................................... 126
4. Kendala-kendala yang Dihadapi Guru ketika Menggunakan Media Audio
Visual dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah dan Solusinya .............................................
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a. Siklus I .......................................................................................................... 130
b. Siklus II ......................................................................................................... 130
c. Siklus III ........................................................................................................ 131
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Fazar Desca Nugraha,2014 PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KESEJARAHAN SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
d. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 131
BAB V : Kesimpulan dan Rekomendasi ....................................................................... 132
A. Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................... 132
B. Rekomendasi ........................................................................................................ 133
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................... 134
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Fazar Desca Nugraha,2014 PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KESEJARAHAN SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 : Taksonomi Rudy Bretz ................................................................................. 16
Tabel 2.2 : Hierarki Media Audio Visual C. J. Duncan .................................................. 17
Tabel 2.3 : Taksonomi Briggs ......................................................................................... 18
Tabel 2.3 : Taksonomi Gagne ......................................................................................... 19
Tabel 4.1 : Daftar Siswa kelas XI IPA 1 ........................................................................ 69
Tabel 4.2 : Hasil Penilaian Pemahaman Kesejarahan Siklus I ........................................ 89
Tabel 4.3 : Hasil Penilaian Pemahaman Kesejarahan Siklus II ...................................... 105
Tabel 4.4 : Hasil Penilaian Pemahaman Kesejarahan Siklus III ..................................... 118
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 : Komponen – Komponen Pembelajaran ............................................... 12
Gambar 2.2: Taksonomi Kontinum Pembelajaran Edling ......................................... 20
Gambar 2.3 : Taksonomi Edgar Dale ........................................................................ 21
Gambar 3.1 : Model Spiral dari Kemmis Taggart .................................................... 57
Gambar 3.2 : Pendekatan Siistematik dari Gerlah dan Ely ........................................ 57
Gambar 4.1 : Denah SMA Pasundan 1 Bandung ....................................................... 64
Gambar 4.2 : Denah Kelas XI IPA 1 ......................................................................... 66
Gambar 4.3 : Peningkatan pemahaman kesejarahan setelah menggunakan media
Audio Visual di Kelas XI IPA 1 .................................................................................
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