Balkan Region

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Balkan Region:alkan Region:The Turbohe Turbo-Style Experiencetyle Experience-Albanialbania-Publicublic Accreditation Agency for Higher Educationccreditation Agency for Higher EducationDhuratahurata [email protected]@gmail.com

Vienna, 7ienna, 7-8 May 2009May 2009


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PRESENTATION OUTLINERESENTATION OUTLINE

A Balkans; Regional Contextalkans; Regional ContextB Albania; case studylbania; case studyC Developments/Problems/ Difficultiesevelopments/Problems/ DifficultiesD (Self) Questions and ReflectionsSelf) Questions and ReflectionsE Whathats next!!!!next!!!!


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Balkan:Balkan:Etymology & Historytymology & History The region takes its name fromThe region takes its name fromthethe Balkan mountainBalkan mountain range inrange in

Bulgaria (from the TurkishBulgaria (from the Turkish balkanbalkanmeaning "a chain of woodedmeaning "a chain of woodedmountainsmountains,based,based on theon the wordwordbalakanbalakan 'stone, cliff',.'stone, cliff',.

The name is still preserved in CentralThe name is still preserved in CentralAsia where there exist the BalkanAsia where there exist the BalkanMountains and the Balkan Province ofMountains and the Balkan Province ofTurkmenistan. On a larger scale, oneTurkmenistan. On a larger scale, one

long continuous chain of mountainslong continuous chain of mountainscrosses the region in the form of acrosses the region in the form of areversed letter S, from the Carpathiansreversed letter S, from the Carpathianssouth to the Balkan range proper,south to the Balkan range proper,before it marches away east intobefore it marches away east into

Anatolian Turkey. On the west coast,Anatolian Turkey. On the west coast,an offshoot of the Dinaric Alpsfollowsan offshoot of the Dinaric Alpsfollowsthe coast south through Dalmatia andthe coast south through Dalmatia and

Albania, crosses Greece and continuesAlbania, crosses Greece and continuesinto the sea in the form of variousinto the sea in the form of variousislands. The mountain range that runsislands. The mountain range that runsacross Bulgaria from west to eastacross Bulgaria from west to east((StaraStara PlaninaPlanina) is still commonly) is still commonlyknown as the Balkan Mountains.known as the Balkan Mountains.
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Balkan:Balkan: geographical mapeographical map

A:Fu

lly

located

A:Fu

lly

located

Harta e

ballkanit

B:Si

gnificantly

located

C:Partially

loca

ted


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Balkan:Balkan: Geopolitical Mapeopolitical MapAlbanialbaniaBosnia&Hercegosnia&Herceg.BulgariaulgariaCroatiaroatiaGreecereeceKosovoosovoMacedoniaacedoniaMontenegroontenegroRomaniaomaniaSerbiaerbiaSlovenialoveniaTurkeyurkey


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A: Balkan Region:: Balkan Region: Public & Privateublic & Private HEIsEIs


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A: Balkan Region: Private HE

% of PrHEIsOver

Total HEIs28% 57% 13% 97% 76% 80% 49%70% 70%


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A: Balkan Region:: Balkan Region: Private HEPrivate HE Different numbers andifferent numbers and nonhomogenousonhomogenousdistributionistribution Different ratio Public/Privateifferent ratio Public/Private HEIsEIs; rangesranges

between 1:32 (etween 1:32 (Koo) 61:9 (1:9 (Grr) No reasonable (explainable) correlationo reasonable (explainable) correlation

Population/Public/Private Institutionsopulation/Public/Private Institutions Students Ratio Private/Public : over 10%tudents Ratio Private/Public : over 10%(rapid changes and dynamics)rapid changes and dynamics)


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A: Balkan RegionA: Balkan RegionSome characteristics ofome characteristics of PrHErHE

Recent (ecent (last 10ast 10-15 years5 years) and unknown (and unknown (whenhenstarted for most countriestarted for most countries) phenomenonphenomenon No regulation or prevention at the initial phaseo regulation or prevention at the initial phase Rapid and spontaneous growth and change in aapid and spontaneous growth and change in a

short time: number of institutions and programshort time: number of institutions and programs Fast Extending in various fields of HE and rapidast Extending in various fields of HE and rapid

expanding in number of students enrolled: overxpanding in number of students enrolled: over10%0%


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Private Higher Education sectorrivate Higher Education sector Figures and Factsigures and Facts (updated April 2009pdated April 2009)::

Sizeize Growth in timerowth in time Studytudy programmesrogrammes Student sharetudent share Ownershipwnership Other..ther..

QA issues: establishment, control, accreditationA issues: establishment, control, accreditationprocesses and proceduresrocesses and procedures

BBAlbania:Albania: a case studya case study


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--HE StudyHE StudyProgrammesProgrammes by cycles of studyby cycles of study


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--Student enrolled in Public and Private HEStudent enrolled in Public and Private HE

Total number:

164,880

Public

Private


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--PrHEIsrHEIs by year of establishment/licensingy year of establishment/licensing

April


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

Growth and change characteristics ofrowth and change characteristics of PrHErHE sectorector Increasing number ofIncreasing number of PrHEIsPrHEIs

Extension and expansion ofExtension and expansion of HEIsHEIs in many studyin many studyfieldsfields

Increasing of diversity/variety of studyIncreasing of diversity/variety of study

programmesprogrammes Attraction and increase of permanent academicAttraction and increase of permanent academic

stafstaf

Increasing of student number and share withIncreasing of student number and share withPublic HEIPublic HEI

Vertical invasion (2Vertical invasion (2ndnd

, 3, 3rdrd

cycle); recentlycycle); recently


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

Privaterivate HEIsEIs ; accreditation situationaccreditation situationTot: 28


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BB Alb iAlb i


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

StudyStudy ProgrammesProgrammes/by cycle/by institution/by cycle/by institutionTot. 187 Programsofeachcycleforeachprivate institution

BB Alb iAlb i


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

PrHErHE Programmesrogrammes: Fields of StudyFields of Study (ISCED)ISCED)Bus&Adm.: 30%Social Sci.: 22%Health: 13%Law: 8%Informatics: 7%Arts&Hum.: 5%Computing: 4.5%Arch&Build.: 4%Soc. Serv.: 3.5%Mat&Stat.: 2%Other: 1%

BB Alb iAlbania


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

Private HErivate HE - Studentstudents

AccreditedAccredited

In theIn the

accreditationaccreditation

processprocess

Non accreditedNon accredited

NewNew institutoonsinstitutoons

Students: 19,880; 12% of total


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--PrHEIsPrHEIs: Ownership/no/for profit status: Ownership/no/for profit status

BB AlbaniaAlbania-


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

Private HE :Trivate HE :Tuition Feesition Fees

Private: 1500Private: 1500 50005000/year/year

Public: 200Public: 200--10001000/year/yearAverage salary: 400Average salary: 400/month/month


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--Private HEPrivate HE -- Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance

QA institutionsQA institutions::

PAAHE (APAAL): PublicPAAHE (APAAL): Public

Accreditation Agency for HigherAccreditation Agency for HigherEducationEducation

Accreditation CouncilAccreditation Council

Ministry of Education and ScienceMinistry of Education and Science

GovernmentGovernment

BB Alb iAlb i


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

PAAHEPAAHE -- Public Accreditation Agency forPublic Accreditation Agency forHigher EducationHigher Education

External Quality AssuranceExternal Quality Assurance External Evaluation of HE institutions andxternal Evaluation of HE institutions andProgrammesrogrammes; ex antex ante , first and periodicalfirst and periodical Audit of Internal QAudit of Internal QA Criteria and requirementsriteria and requirements Analiticalnalitical, comparative evaluationscomparative evaluations System wide analysisystem wide analysis Follow up & monitoring between accreditationsollow up & monitoring between accreditations Support for Accreditation Council: secretariatupport for Accreditation Council: secretariat


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--Accreditation CouncilAccreditation Council-- ACAC

Based on and in line with External Evaluationased on and in line with External Evaluationresultsesults

Recommendations to Ministryecommendations to Ministry Newew programmesrogrammes and institutions (Publicnd institutions (Public HEIsEIs) Accreditations of established Institutions andccreditations of established Institutions and

programmesrogrammes (public and private)public and private) Consultancy to the Minister for QA issues, HEonsultancy to the Minister for QA issues, HEstandards, etc.tandards, etc.

B lb iAlb i


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

Ministry of Education and Scienceinistry of Education and Science The Minister takes the final accreditation decisionhe Minister takes the final accreditation decision

but..ut..Based on and consistent withased on and consistent with

the external evaluation results and outcomeshe external evaluation results and outcomesRecommendations of ACecommendations of AC

BB AlbaniaAlbania--


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BB AlbaniaAlbaniaPrivate HE:Private HE: QAQA PractisesPractises and Procedureand Procedure

External evaluation &Accreditation: same forxternal evaluation &Accreditation: same forPublic and Private and consists of:ublic and Private and consists of:

Selfelf-evaluation, peer review, follow up (ifvaluation, peer review, follow up (ifneeded), accreditation decision, appeal (if any)eeded), accreditation decision, appeal (if any)

On site visitn site visit Evaluation reports on a SWOT model basevaluation reports on a SWOT model base Predefined and priory informed criteria,redefined and priory informed criteria,

requirements and procedureequirements and procedure Transparency and publication of resultsransparency and publication of results

BB Alb iAlb i


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BBAlbaniaAlbania--

QA Procedure:QA Procedure: LicensingLicensing

Founding and establishment proceduresFounding and establishment proceduresand requirements have undergone changesand requirements have undergone changes(2002(2002--2009)2009)

Establishment of newEstablishment of new PrHEIPrHEI and/orand/orPrograms: licensing procedure:Programs: licensing procedure:

Ex anteEx ante programmeprogramme evaluation (on paper;evaluation (on paper;

project evaluation); PAAHEproject evaluation); PAAHE Ministry : overallMinistry : overall assesmentassesment of the projectof the project

Government issues the license to startGovernment issues the license to start


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C ReflectionseflectionsProblems & DifficultiesProblems & Difficulties

Too many applications and institutions in a tooToo many applications and institutions in a too

short timeshort time Discrepancy and change of establishmentDiscrepancy and change of establishment

/licensing requirements and standards with time/licensing requirements and standards with time

Accreditation criteria and procedure not fullyAccreditation criteria and procedure not fullyconsistent with licensing requirements (postconsistent with licensing requirements (post vsvs exexante)ante)

MostMost PrHEIsPrHEIs set different student selectionset different student selection

criteria (some do not have at all) compared tocriteria (some do not have at all) compared toPublic sectorPublic sector

Business or Academic: unclear and dubiousBusiness or Academic: unclear and dubious

balance between the business and academicbalance between the business and academiccomponent in institutional governancecomponent in institutional governance

eflections


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C ReflectionsProblems & DifficultiesProblems & Difficulties

No possibility to assess the learning outcomes of theNo possibility to assess the learning outcomes of the

graduates, the employment rate and market feedgraduates, the employment rate and market feed--backback Social effect/impact: most of for profit, non accreditedSocial effect/impact: most of for profit, non accredited

institutions, enroll the major number of studentsinstitutions, enroll the major number of students (more(more50 %; 2 of them around 2/3)50 %; 2 of them around 2/3)

Increasing and extending rate ofIncreasing and extending rate ofHEIsHEIs and programsand programs(turbo style(turbo style),), faster than the following rate of QAfaster than the following rate of QAprocedures and processesprocedures and processes (normal style)(normal style)

Public pressure: daily updated, live information andPublic pressure: daily updated, live information and

transparency needed; public want to know which istransparency needed; public want to know which isbetter: public or private (questionnaire PAAHE)better: public or private (questionnaire PAAHE)

Consumer protection role of QA bodies is actuallyConsumer protection role of QA bodies is actuallyneeded as much as classic/traditional QA processesneeded as much as classic/traditional QA processes

DD Q i fQ ti f


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DDQuestions for usQuestions for usWhatWhats happening?s happening?

Do we know ourDo we know our PrHEPrHE system?system?

Have we everHave we ever analysedanalysed the system as a wholethe system as a whole (or we work(or we worklocally and emergency only)locally and emergency only)?? Do we have the system under control?Do we have the system under control? If we do not want to control or because we canIf we do not want to control or because we cant, can wet, can we

influence it?influence it? DoesDoes PrHEPrHE sector meets the same standards and do theysector meets the same standards and do they

offer education at least with same quality as Publicoffer education at least with same quality as Public HEIsHEIs(supposing it offers good quality education)??(supposing it offers good quality education)??

Do we have specific and effective emergency and long termDo we have specific and effective emergency and long term

QA mechanisms and practices to rapidly intervene?QA mechanisms and practices to rapidly intervene? Can the system be improved or corrected?Can the system be improved or corrected?

If yesIf yes....

What do we want and what are we able to do ?What do we want and what are we able to do ?

DD Questions for usQuestions for us


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DDQuestions for usQuestions for us

What we should and can do?hat we should and can do? Will we take theWill we take the controllcontroll or leave it to the open, free,or leave it to the open, free,

uncontrolled market competitionuncontrolled market competition (with unexpected consequences in(with unexpected consequences interms of quality of graduates)?terms of quality of graduates)? Should we establish more rigidShould we establish more rigid gatekeepinggatekeepingthanthan

postlicensingpostlicensingQA requirements and practices to avoid theQA requirements and practices to avoid thesociosocio--economic consequences?economic consequences?

May the QA bodies elaborate and implement effectiveMay the QA bodies elaborate and implement effective (non(nonburocraticburocratic and paper producing only)and paper producing only) measures and practices to ensuremeasures and practices to ensureacceptable and the same quality as Public?acceptable and the same quality as Public?

Will the political and QA bodies for HEWill the political and QA bodies for HE (are they willing also)(are they willing also)

to take over theto take over the responsabilityresponsability or play the usualor play the usual ping pongping ponggamegame??

If yesIf yes HOWHOWwe can change the situationwe can change the situation

DD Questions for usQuestions for us


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DD Questions for usQuestions for usHowow??

It depends on what we want to do and what we are ableIt depends on what we want to do and what we are able

to do but there are some measures which can beto do but there are some measures which can bepossible to be taken:possible to be taken: Fill the legislation gaps not overruleFill the legislation gaps not overrule Set same requirements, procedures and standards for Public andSet same requirements, procedures and standards for Public and

Private; same game rules for better quality and fair competitionPrivate; same game rules for better quality and fair competitionStimulate providers who operate in marketStimulate providers who operate in market--driven study fieldsdriven study fields (but(butnot only),not only), complementary to and/or not filled by the public sectorcomplementary to and/or not filled by the public sector

Establish pragmatic and time effective QAEstablish pragmatic and time effective QA practisespractises;; to keep the paceto keep the pace Foreign expertise in all processesForeign expertise in all processes

All QA bodies should coordinate actionsAll QA bodies should coordinate actions Full Transparency, public information and warning on possibleFull Transparency, public information and warning on possible

threatsthreats


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Agjenciagjencia Publikeublike e Akreditimitkreditimit t Arsimitrsimit t Lartart

Publicublic Accreditation Agency for Higher Educationccreditation Agency for Higher EducationAddress:ddress:Bulul. Zhanhan dArkrk, Pallatetallatet e Lanes, Nr.2, Shk.2, Ap.17Lanes, Nr.2, Shk.2, Ap.17Tirana, Albaniairana, Albania

Tel.&Faxel.&Fax:: + 355 42 257 954/226 6302: + 355 42 257 954/226 6302Email:mail: [email protected]@[email protected]@gmail.comwww.aaal.edu.alww.aaal.edu.al
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.aaal.edu.al/http://www.aaal.edu.al/http://www.aaal.edu.al/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

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