2012-1-00452-IF Ringkasan001

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI REAL TIME SCREEN SHARING DENGAN METODE SEGMENTASI

FRAME IMAGE UNTUK PENGHEMATAN BANDWIDTH

Ivan Habibi

Universitas Bina NusantaraJl. Kebon Jeruk Raya No. 27, Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat 11530

Telp. (62-21) 535 0660 Fax. (62-21) 535 [email protected]

Indra Satia Manggala



Mahendra Poetra Yamani



Muhsin Shodiq, S.Kom



mailto:[email protected]




Abstrak

Perancangan yang dilakukan adalah untuk membuat aplikasi real time screen sharing dengan metode segmentasi frame image untuk menghemat bandwidth yang digunakan dalam jaringan. Metode penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah dengan mengumpulkan data melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian merancang aplikasi dengan segmentasi frame image berupa pemotongan terhadap gambar dan melakukan compare image. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah dengan membandingkan bandwidth pada aplikasi dengan metode segmentasi frame image dan tanpa metode segmentasi frame image pada jaringan dengan tipe pengiriman broadcast dan dapat mendukung multicast. Hasil yang dicapai adalah aplikasi dapat dibuat untuk real time screen sharing dan dapat menghemat bandwidth yang digunakan pada jaringan dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan segmentasi frame image. Hal ini dikarenakan potongan yang dihasilkan dari metode segmentasi frame image berukuran kecil dan dibandingkan dengan frame gambar sebelumnya, jika sama maka tidak dikirim.

Kata kunci: screen sharing, save bandwidth, segmentasi, perbandingan, bandwidth

PENDAHULUAN

Perangkat lunak real time screen sharing memungkinkan untuk melakukan aktivitas desktop sharing, remote log, dan presentasi secara online dalam sebuah teleconference. Meskipun mempunyai kegunaan yang sangat penting dalam penyebaran konten melalui jaringan. Kebanyakan dari aplikasi screen sharing ini tidak bekerja dengan baik pada bandwidth rendah, ketika harus mengirimkan layar host melalui jaringan. Hal ini menyebabkan update yang lambat dan freezing dari gambar pada sisi client (penerima) (Lieb & Benton, 2010).

Minimalisasi penggunaan bandwidth sangat diperlukan karena pada screen sharing jumlah bandwidth yang digunakan cukup besar. Menurut percobaan yang dilakukan oleh Kundaeli (2011) dalam menguji bandwidth yang diperlukan dalam screen sharing tanpa sebuah metode image differencing (segmentasi objek).

Di lingkungan Universitas Bina Nusantara sendiri, pada Laboratorium Computing Universitas Bina Nusantara, terdapat jenis aplikasi screen sharing bernama “SODIC” yang memiliki permasalahan pada besar bandwidth yang dipakai untuk aktivitas screen sharing. Hal ini pun memicu mendasari adanya keharusan untuk meminimalisasi bandwidth yang dipakai dalam aplikasi tersebut. Besar datanya adalah sebagai berikut :

Server :

- Jumlah datagram : 594 datagram- Total byte yang dikirim : 20191282 byte

- Ukuran bandwidth yang digunakan : 20191282/5*60 = 67304.27 byte per detik

Client :

- Jumlah datagram : 451 datagram- Total byte yang diterima : 20191282 byte

- Ukuran bandwidth yang digunakan : 20191282/5*60 = 67304.27 byte per detik.

Data diatas akan menjadi tolak ukur perbandingan penghematan bandwidth yang akan dilakukan pada aplikasi screen sharing yang akan dirancang.

Metodologi

Studi Kepustakaan

Pengumpulan data dengan mencari sumber-sumber informasi baik dari buku-buku, maupun sumber-sumber lain dari internet yang berkaitan.

Eksperimen

Pemgumpulan data dengan cara melakukan berbagai percobaan atau eksperimen.

Tujuan dan Manfaat

Tujuan dari perancangan aplikasi ini adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Penghematan bandwidth pada jaringan aplikasi real time screen sharing.

2. Merancang aplikasi real time screen sharing dengan metode segmentasi frame image.

Adapun manfaat dari perancangan aplikasi ini sebagai berikut :

1. Membuktikan penghematan bandwidth dengan segmentasi objek yang berupa gambar.

2. Menghasilkan aplikasi real time sreen sharing yang mampu digunakan pada sebuah jaringan host-client.

Perancangan Sistem

Perancangan di buat dengan menggunakan metode segmentasi dan perbandingan

Gambar 1 Alur Proses Server Gambar 2 Alur Proses Client

Gambar 3 Use case diagram

Gambar 4 Activity diagram untuk client dan server

Gambar 5 Sequence diagram server process

Gambar 6 Sequence diagram client process

Hasil dan Bahasan

Dari Perancangan yang sudah di buat, diambil data - data dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen. sesudah itu hasil dibandingkan. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana bandwith dapat dihemat dan kemampuan dari aplikasi yang dibuat. Evaluasi yang digunakan meliputi evaluasi berdasarkan besarnya data yang didapatkan.

Tabel 1 Perbandingan bandwidth antara segmentasi frame image dan compare image dengan segmentasi frame image tanpa compare image.

Uji coba ke

Ukuran potongan

Bandwidth segmentasi frame image dengan compare image

(byte per detik)

Uji

coba

ke

Ukuran potongan

Bandwidth segmentasi frame image tanpa compare image

(byte per detik)

Server Client Server Client

2 3 x 3 9289.75 8141.23 7 3 x 3 121357,18 114531,84

3 6 x 6 12144.02 10729.46 8 6 x 6 151384,57 129840,78

Tabel 2 Perbandingan bandwidth antara aplikasi “Sinkronscreen ” dengan segmentasi image dan compare image dengan aplikasi “SODIC” pada fitur screen sharing

Uji coba ke

Ukuran potongan

Bandwidth aplikasi “Sinkronscreen”

(byte per detik)

Uji

coba

ke

Ukuran potongan

Bandwidth aplikasi “SODIC”

(byte per detik)


2 3 x 3 9289.75 8141.23 9 - 67304.27 67304.27

3 6 x 6 12144.02 10729.46 9 - 67304.27 67304.27

Tabel 3 Perbandingan bandwidth antara broadcast dengan multicast dengan kalkulasi loss

Uji coba ke

Ukuran potongan

Bandwidth dengan broadcast

(byte per detik)

Kalkulasi

loss

Uji

coba

ke

Ukuran potongan

Bandwidth dengan multicast

(byte per detik)Kalkulasi loss


1 - 7320.05 7320.05 0 % 4 - 7147,52 7147,52 0%

2 3 x 3 9289.75 8141.23 12.36 % 5 3 x 3 9190,12 8471,68 7,82 %

3 6 x 6 12144.02 10729.46 11.64 % 6 6 x 6 11904,53 10323,50 13,28 %

Dari hasil perbandingan tabel 1 yaitu perbandingan dengan aplikasi "SODIC" dengan metode komparasi dan segmentasi di kalkulasi sebagai berikut :

Simpulan dan Saran

Simpulan

Berdasarkan hasil perancangan aplikasi maka kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Aplikasi yang dibuat dapat melakukan real time screen sharing dengan menggunakan metode segmentasi frame image

2. Aplikasi dapat menghemat bandwidth pada jaringan ketika melakukan real time screen sharing dengan metode segmentasi frame image dan compare image. Hal ini dapat terlihat pada tabel perbandingan pada halaman 106, tabel 4.6.

3. Aplikasi yang dibuat dapat lebih menghemat bandwidth dibandingkan aplikasi serupa yaitu aplikasi “SODIC”. Hal ini dapat terlihat pada tabel perbandingan halaman 106, tabel 4.7.

4. Loss bandwidth yang terdapat pada aplikasi yang dibuat lebih besar dari standar ITU-T yang tertulis pada Bab 2 sub Bab 2.14 Toleransi standar untuk loss pada bandwidth. Terlihat pada evaluasi bandwidth yang dilakukan bada Bab 4 sub Bab 4.3.1 Hasil Evaluasi Pemantauan Bandwidth bila dibandingkan dengan standar ITU-T yang berlaku tersebut.

5. Aplikasi dapat berjalan pada tipe pengiriman broadcast maupun multicast.

6. Semakin banyak segmentasi frame image, maka bandwidth yang digunakan makin besar tetapi lebih efisien daripada tanpa segmentasi frame image seperti terlihat pada tabel perbandingan pada halaman 102 dan 103, tabel 4.6 dan tabel 4.7.

7. Aplikasi dapat membuat rekaman dengan fungsi record pada client, sehingga hasil dari aktivitas screen sharing dapat tersimpan pada client.

Saran

Berikut saran yang diperlukan dalam pengembangan aplikasi ini dimana bertujuan agar aplikasi ini dapat bekerja dan memberikan fungis yang optimal, yaitu :

1. Aplikasi hanya berjalan pada LAN (Local Area Network). Oleh karena itu dimasa mendatang bisa dikembangkan lagi sehingga bisa berjalan pada jaringan yang lebih luas lagi.

2. Aplikasi yang dibangun saat ini diperuntukan untuk aktivitas real time screen sharing dan record. Dimasa mendatang dapat dikembangkan dengan penambahan fitur lainnya seperti chating, save note, audio dan video chat.

3. Aplikasi saat ini dibangun untuk desktop, dimasa mendatang dikembangkan di berbagai platform, seperti mobile atau web-based.

4. Aplikasi saat ini belum mampu memenuhi standar toleransi loss bandwidth ITU-T, maka dimasa mendatang bisa dirancang untuk memenuhi standar tersebut.

Referensi

Agarawal, B. B., & Tayal, S. P. (2009). Computer Network. New Delhi: University Science Press.

Bailey, D. G. (2011). Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs. Solaris South Tower: John Wiley & Sons.

Bradski, G., & Kaebler, A. (2008). Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision with the OpenCV Library. California: O'Really Media.

Ciccarelli, P., Faulkner, C., Fitzgerald, J., Dennis, A., Groth, D., & Skandier, F. M. (2013). Network Basics 2nd Edition. New York: John Wiley & Son .

Dougherty, E., & Laplante, P. (1985). Introduction to Real Time Imaging. Washington: International Society for optical Engineering.

Downton, A., & Crookes, D. (1998). Parallel architecure for image processing. IEE Electronics & Communication Enginering Journal , 139-1511.

Galitz, W. O. (2010). The Essential Guide to User Interface Design: An Introduction to GUI Design Principles and Techniques, 3rd Edition. indianapolis: Wiley Publishing.

Garrett, J. J. (2011). The Elements of User Experience: User-Centered Design for the Web and Beyond. Berkeley: New Riders.

Hansen, J. R. (2002). Screen Sharing. United States Patent , 14, 1.

Hidayat, A. (2003). Pengantar Pemograman Qt dan KDE. IlmuKomputer.Com.

Huang, Y.-F., & Chiu, C.-Y. (2007). Dynamically adjusting MPEG4 video streams based on network bandwidth. Multimed Tools , 36, 267-284.

Human Machine Interfaces:Opencv. (2012, Juli 4). Retrieved November 4, 2012, from Sourceforge: http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/

ITU-T G Series: Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2013, from International Telecommunication Union (ITU): http://www.itu.int/net/itu-t/sigdb/speaudio/Gseries.htm#G.1050

Jacobson, I. (2000). The Road to the Unfied Software Development Process. Cambridge: Cambridge Unviersity Press.

Joseph, V., & Mulugu, S. (2011). Deploying Next Generation Mulcitast-Enabled Application. Waltham: Morgan Kaufmann.

Kehtarnavaz, N., & Gamadia, M. (2006). Real-Time Image and Video Processing: From Research to Reality. Dallas: Morgan & Claypool.

Kendauli, F. (2011). AfriMeet: An internet meeting tool designing for low bandwidth and unstable conditions. Department of Computer Science. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.

Leperen, T. v. (2002). System, Methode, and Graphical User Interface for Indentifying Image From Remote Site during Screen Sharing. United State Patent , 15, 1-9.

Lethbridge, T., & Laganiere, R. (2002). Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Practical Software Development using UML and Java. London: McGraw-Hill.

Lieb, A. M., & Benton, J. L. (2010). Patent No. 12/953,054. United States of America.

Makofske, D., & Almeroth, K. (2003). Multicast Sockets : Practial Guide for Programmers. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.

Maryono, & Istiana, B. (2008). Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Jakarta: Quadra.

Mirsa, S., Woungang, I., & Misra, S. C. (2008). Guide to Wireless Ad Hoc Network. London: Springer.

Pressman, R. S. (2010). Software Engineering : A Practitioner's Approach, 7th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Rischpater, R., & Zucker, D. (2010). Beginning Nokia Apps Development: Qt and HTML5 for Symbian and MeeGo. New York: Apress.

Shneiderman, B., & Plaisant, C. (2010). Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction. Wesley: Addison.

Sommerville, I. (2011). Software Engineering 9th Edition. Boston: Pearson Education.

Structural View: Class Diagram. (n.d.). Retrieved January 7, 2013, from SourceMaking: http://sourcemaking.com/uml/modeling-it-systems/structural-view/class-diagram

Tan, D. S., & Nijholt, A. (2010). Brain Computer Interfaces. London: Springer.

Thelin, J. (2007). Foundation of Qt Development. New York: Apress.

Udell, J. (2006). Simplfied Screen Sharing. Info World , 28, 36.

Whitten, J. L., & Bentely, L. D. (2007). System Analysis and Design Methods, 7th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Riwayat Penulis

Ivan Habibi lahir di jakarta pada 23 Juni 1989. Penulis menamatkan pendidikan S1 di Universitas Bina Nusantara dalam bidang Computer Science pada tahun 2013.

Indra Satia Manggala lahir di kota Jakarta pada 25 September 1989. Penulis menamatkan pendidikan S1 di Universitas Bina Nusantara dalam bidang Computer Science pada tahun 2013.

Mahendra Poetra Yamani lahir di kota Jakarta pada 9 Maret1991. Penulis menamatkan pendidikan S1 di Universitas Bina Nusantara dalam bidang Computer Science pada tahun 2013.

Designing Real Time Screen Sharing Application with Frame Image Segmentation Method for Saving

Bandwidth

Ivan Habibi



Indra Satia Manggala



Mahendra Poetra Yamani



Muhsin Shodiq, S.Kom







Abstrak

The design software for creating an application real time screen sharing is with frame image segmentation method for saving bandwidth that used on network. research method that have been done was to collect data from literature study, then designing application with segmentation frame image method, that work as by cuts to an image and do a comparison image. The analysis is conducted by comparing the bandwidth in applications with image segmentation method frame and without frame image segmentation method on the type of delivery network can support broadcast and multicast. The result in the application can be made for a real time screen sharing and it can save bandwidth used on the network than without the use of segmentation frame image. This is because the resulting piece of frame image segmentation methods are small and the image comparison with the previous image frame, if it is equal then it is not sent.

keyword: , screen sharing, save bandwidth, segmentation, comparison, bandwidth

Motivation

The software enables real-time screen sharing to do activities desktop sharing, remote logging, and presentations online in a teleconference. Although the utility has a very important role in the deployment of content over the network. Most of the application screen sharing does not work well on low bandwidth, when the host screen to send over the network. This leads to a slow update and freezing of the image on the client side (receiver) (Lieb & Benton, 2010).

Minimization of the use of bandwidth is required for screen sharing because the amount of bandwidth used is quite large. According to experiments conducted by Kundaeli (2011) in testing the bandwidth required in the screen sharing without an image differencing method (object segmentation).

At the University of Bina Nusantara own, at Bina Nusantara University Computing Laboratory, there is a kind of screen sharing application called "SODIC" who have problems with the large bandwidth used for screen sharing activity. It also triggers the reason for the need to minimize bandwidth used in such applications. Big data is as follows:

Server :

- Total datagram : 594 datagram- Total byte yang dikirim : 20191282 byte

- Bandwidth size used : 20191282/5*60 = 67304.27 byte per sec

Client :

- Total datagram : 451 datagram- Total byte yang diterima : 20191282 byte

- Bandwidth size used: 20191282/5*60 = 67304.27 byte per sec

Data above will be measured by comparing the bandwidth savings that will be made on the application screen sharing to be designed.

Methodology

Bibliographical Studies

The collection of data by finding good sources of information from books, or other sources of internet related.

Experiment

Data collection by doing various experiments or experiments.

Objectives and Benefits

The purpose of designing this application are as follows:

1. Saving bandwidth on the network real-time screen sharing application.

2. Designing applications with real-time screen sharing frame image segmentation methods.

The benefits of the design of this application as follows:

1. Prove the bandwidth savings with objects in the form of image segmentation.

2. Generate real-time applications that can be used sreen sharing on a network host-client.

System Design

The design is made by using segmentation and comparison

Picture 1 Flowchart Process Server Picture 2 Flowchart Process Client

Picture 3 Use case diagram

Picture 4 Activity diagram client and server

Picture 5 Sequence diagram server process

Picture 6 Sequence diagram client process

Results and Discussion

From design that has been created, data retrieved by using the experimental method. After the results were compared. The evaluation was done to determine the extent of bandwidth can be saved and the ability of the application made. The evaluation used include evaluation based on the amount of data obtained.

Table 1 Comparison of bandwidth between the frame image segmentation and image compare with the image frame segmentation image without compare.

Experiment

Size pieces

segmentation Bandwidth frame image with compare image

(byte per sec)

Experiment

Size pieces

Segmentation Bandwidth frame image without compare image

(byte per sec)


2 3 x 3 9289.75 8141.23 7 3 x 3 121357,18 114531,84

3 6 x 6 12144.02 10729.46 8 6 x 6 151384,57 129840,78

Table 2 Comparison of bandwidth between applications "Sinkronscreen" by image segmentation and image compare with the application "SODIC" on the screen sharing feature

Experiment

Size pieces

Bandwidth “Sinkronscreen”

(byte per sec)Experiment

Size pieces

Bandwidth “SODIC”

(byte per sec)


2 3 x 3 9289.75 8141.23 9 - 67304.27 67304.27

3 6 x 6 12144.02 10729.46 9 - 67304.27 67304.27

Table 3 Comparison between broadcast with multicast bandwidth by calculating loss

Experiment

Size pieces

Bandwidth with broadcast

(byte per sec)Loss

Calculation

Experiment

Size pieces

Bandwidth with multicast

(byte per sec)

Loss

Calculation


1 - 7320.05 7320.05 0 % 4 - 7147,52 7147,52 0%

2 3 x 3 9289.75 8141.23 12.36 % 5 3 x 3 9190,12 8471,68 7,82 %

3 6 x 6 12144.02 10729.46 11.64 % 6 6 x 6 11904,53 10323,50 13,28 %

From the comparison of Table 1 is the comparison the application "SODIC" with comparison and segmentation method (SinkronScreen) is calculated as follows:

managed bandwidth saved by

Conclusions and Suggestions

Conclusion

Based on the design of the application then the conclusions that can be drawn are as follows:

1. Applications are made to perform real-time screen sharing by using image segmentation frame

2. Applications can save bandwidth on the network when performing real-time screen sharing with image segmentation method and compare image frame. This can be seen in the comparison table on page 106, Table 4.6.

3. Applications are made to the bandwidth savings compared to similar applications ie applications "SODIC". This can be seen in the comparison table page 106, Table 4.7.

4. Loss bandwidth contained in the application is made larger than the standard ITU-T's written in Chapter 2 Sub Chapter 2:14 standard tolerance for loss in bandwidth. Seen on bandwidth evaluation conducted bada Chapter 4 sub Section 4.3.1 Bandwidth Monitoring Evaluation results when compared with the ITU-T standard is applicable.

5. Applications can run on any type of broadcast and multicast delivery.

6. The more segmentation image frame, the bandwidth consumed the greater but more efficient than without segmentation image frame as shown in the comparison table on pages 102 and 103, Table 4.6 and Table 4.7.

7. Applications can be made a record with record function on the client, so that the results of the activity screen sharing can be stored on the client.

Suggestion

These suggestions are needed in the development of this application which aims to make these applications work and provide optimal fungis, namely:

1. Application only runs on LAN (Local Area Network). Therefore, the future can be developed further so that it can run on a wider network.

2. Applications built currently intended for real-time screen sharing activity and record. Future can be developed with the addition of other features such as chat, save notes, audio and video chat.

3. The current application is built for the desktop, the future is developed in different platforms, such as mobile or web-based.

4. Application has not been able to meet the bandwidth loss tolerance standard ITU-T, the future can be designed to meet these standards.

Reference

Agarawal, B. B., & Tayal, S. P. (2009). Computer Network. New Delhi: University Science Press.

Bailey, D. G. (2011). Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs. Solaris South Tower: John Wiley & Sons.

Bradski, G., & Kaebler, A. (2008). Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision with the OpenCV Library. California: O'Really Media.

Ciccarelli, P., Faulkner, C., Fitzgerald, J., Dennis, A., Groth, D., & Skandier, F. M. (2013). Network Basics 2nd Edition. New York: John Wiley & Son .

Dougherty, E., & Laplante, P. (1985). Introduction to Real Time Imaging. Washington: International Society for optical Engineering.

Downton, A., & Crookes, D. (1998). Parallel architecure for image processing. IEE Electronics & Communication Enginering Journal , 139-1511.

Galitz, W. O. (2010). The Essential Guide to User Interface Design: An Introduction to GUI Design Principles and Techniques, 3rd Edition. indianapolis: Wiley Publishing.

Garrett, J. J. (2011). The Elements of User Experience: User-Centered Design for the Web and Beyond. Berkeley: New Riders.

Hansen, J. R. (2002). Screen Sharing. United States Patent , 14, 1.

Hidayat, A. (2003). Pengantar Pemograman Qt dan KDE. IlmuKomputer.Com.

Huang, Y.-F., & Chiu, C.-Y. (2007). Dynamically adjusting MPEG4 video streams based on network bandwidth. Multimed Tools , 36, 267-284.

Human Machine Interfaces:Opencv. (2012, Juli 4). Retrieved November 4, 2012, from Sourceforge: http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/

ITU-T G Series: Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2013, from International Telecommunication Union (ITU): http://www.itu.int/net/itu-t/sigdb/speaudio/Gseries.htm#G.1050

Jacobson, I. (2000). The Road to the Unfied Software Development Process. Cambridge: Cambridge Unviersity Press.

Joseph, V., & Mulugu, S. (2011). Deploying Next Generation Mulcitast-Enabled Application. Waltham: Morgan Kaufmann.

Kehtarnavaz, N., & Gamadia, M. (2006). Real-Time Image and Video Processing: From Research to Reality. Dallas: Morgan & Claypool.

Kendauli, F. (2011). AfriMeet: An internet meeting tool designing for low bandwidth and unstable conditions. Department of Computer Science. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.

Leperen, T. v. (2002). System, Methode, and Graphical User Interface for Indentifying Image From Remote Site during Screen Sharing. United State Patent , 15, 1-9.

Lethbridge, T., & Laganiere, R. (2002). Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Practical Software Development using UML and Java. London: McGraw-Hill.

Lieb, A. M., & Benton, J. L. (2010). Patent No. 12/953,054. United States of America.

Makofske, D., & Almeroth, K. (2003). Multicast Sockets : Practial Guide for Programmers. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.

Maryono, & Istiana, B. (2008). Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Jakarta: Quadra.

Mirsa, S., Woungang, I., & Misra, S. C. (2008). Guide to Wireless Ad Hoc Network. London: Springer.

Pressman, R. S. (2010). Software Engineering : A Practitioner's Approach, 7th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Rischpater, R., & Zucker, D. (2010). Beginning Nokia Apps Development: Qt and HTML5 for Symbian and MeeGo. New York: Apress.

Shneiderman, B., & Plaisant, C. (2010). Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction. Wesley: Addison.

Sommerville, I. (2011). Software Engineering 9th Edition. Boston: Pearson Education.

Structural View: Class Diagram. (n.d.). Retrieved January 7, 2013, from SourceMaking: http://sourcemaking.com/uml/modeling-it-systems/structural-view/class-diagram

Tan, D. S., & Nijholt, A. (2010). Brain Computer Interfaces. London: Springer.

Thelin, J. (2007). Foundation of Qt Development. New York: Apress.

Udell, J. (2006). Simplfied Screen Sharing. Info World , 28, 36.

Whitten, J. L., & Bentely, L. D. (2007). System Analysis and Design Methods, 7th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Curiculum Vitae

Ivan Habibi born in Jakarta on June 23, 1989. The author graduated S1 at Bina Nusantara University in Computer Science in 2013.

Indra Satia Manggala born in Jakarta on June 23, 1989. The author graduated S1 at Bina Nusantara University in Computer Science in 2013.

Mahendra Poetra Yamani born in Jakarta on June 23, 1989. The author graduated S1 at Bina Nusantara University in Computer Science in 2013.

2012-1-00452-IF Ringkasan001

Documents

Transcript of 2012-1-00452-IF Ringkasan001