Post on 02-Feb-2023
POWER SYSTEMS-I Subject Code : EE402ES Regulations : R16 - JNTUH Class : II Year B.Tech EEE II Semester
Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering
BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad
POWER SYSTEMS-I (EE402ES) COURSE PLANNER
I. OBJECTIVE AND RELEVANCE: Electrical Power is of paramount importance to social and economic development. The objective of this
course is to familiarize the students with fundamentals of Electrical Power Systems. This course will
enable them to gain a basic understanding of Electrical Power Generation and Distribution.
II. COURSE PURPOSE: Electrical Power plays significant role in day to day life of entire mankind. To understand and analyze
Power generation and Distribution and to know the economical operation of Power systems.
III. SCOPE OF COURSE: The course comprises fundamentals of Power Generation, Power Distribution, Substations, and Power
Tariffs. This Course is an introduction to Thermal, Nuclear, and Gas Power Plants, D.C. and A.C.
Distribution Systems, Electric Substations, Power factor and Voltage Control, and Economic aspects of
Power Generation.
At the end of the course the student will know the fundamental concepts and practices regarding–
1. Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation 2. D.C. and A.C. Power Distribution Systems 3. Economic aspects of Power Generation.
IV. COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the hydro, thermal, nuclear and gas generating stations.
• To examine A.C. and D.C. distribution systems.
• To understand and compare air insulated and gas insulated substations.
• To illustrate the economic aspects of power generation and tariff method
COURSE OUTCOMES:
S.No Description Bloom’s Taxonomy Level
1
Draw the layout of thermal power station,
Nuclear power plant and gas power plant and
explain its operation
Understanding, Analyze
(Level1, Level2)
2 Draw the layout of hydro power plant and explain
its operation
Understanding, Analyze
(Level1, Level2)
3 Describe A.C. and D.C. distribution systems Remembering, Applying
(Level 1, Level 2)
4 Voltage drop calculations of the distribution
system
Analyzing
(Level 1, Level 2)
5 Illustrate various economic aspects of the power
plant erection, operation and different tariff
methods
Analyzing
(Level 1, Level 2)
6 power factor improvement methods and
Understand economical power factor
Analyzing, Evaluating
(Level 1, Level 2)
VI. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (PO) LEVEL
Proficien
cy
assessed
By
PO1
Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and
an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
2 Lectures,
Assignme
nts
PO2 Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review
research literature, and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using
first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences.
2 Assignme
nts
PO3 Design/Development of Solutions: Design solutions
for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the
specified needs with appropriate consideration for
the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
2 Assignme
nts
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use
research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions
2 Assignme
nts
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply
appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and
modeling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations
2 Assignme
nts
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed
by the contextual knowledge to assess societal,
health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
2 Assignme
nts
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the
impact of the professional engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, and
demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for
sustainable development
__
__
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms
of the engineering practice.
__
__
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an
individual, and as a member or leader in diverse
teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
__
__
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on
complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large,
such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make
effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
__
__
PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of the engineering
and management principles and apply these to
one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team,
to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.
__
__
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have
the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest
context of technological change.
2 Research
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) 4 - : None
VII. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO) LEVEL
Proficiency
assessed By
PSO1 Talented to analyze, design, and implement
electrical & electronics systems and deal with
the rapid pace of industrial innovations and
developments.
2 Lectures,
Assignments
PSO2 Skillful to use application and control techniques
for research and advanced studies in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering domain.
2 Lectures,
Assignments
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) 4 - : None
VIII. PREREQUISITES:
Fundamentals of Electrical Circuits and equipment, Basic Engineering Mathematics.
COURSE CONTENTS: (SYLLABUS)
UNIT- I
Thermal Power Stations: Line diagram of Thermal Power Station (TPS) showing paths of coal, steam,
water, air, ash and flue gasses. - Brief description of TPS components: Economizers, Boilers, Super
heaters, Turbines, Condensers, Chimney and cooling towers Gas and Nuclear Power Stations: Nuclear
Power Stations: Nuclear Fission and Chain reaction. - Nuclear fuels. - Principle of operation of Nuclear
reactor.-Reactor Components: Moderators, Control rods, Reflectors and Coolants. - Radiation hazards:
Shielding and Safety precautions. - Types of Nuclear reactors and brief description of PWR, BWR and
FBR. Gas Power Stations: Principle of Operation and Components (Block Diagram Approach Only)
UNIT - II
Hydroelectric Power Stations: Elements of hydro electric power station-types-concept of pumped
storage plants-storage requirements, mass curve (explanation only) estimation of power developed
from a given catchment area; heads and efficiencies.
Hydraulic Turbines: Classification of turbines, impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis
turbine and Kaplan turbine-working proportions, work done, efficiencies , hydraulic design - draft tube-
theory- functions and efficiency.
UNIT-III
D.C. Distribution Systems: Classification of Distribution Systems.- Comparison of DC vs. AC and Under-
Ground vs. Over- Head Distribution Systems.- Requirements and Design features of Distribution
Systems.-Voltage Drop Calculations (Numerical Problems) in D.C Distributors for the following cases:
Radial D.C Distributor fed one end and at the both the ends (equal/unequal Voltages) and Ring Main
Distributor.
A.C. Distribution Systems:
Voltage Drop Calculations (Numerical Problems) in A.C. Distributors for the following cases: Power
Factors referred to receiving end voltage and with respect to respective load voltages.
UNIT-IV
Substations: Classification of substations
Air insulated substations - Indoor & Outdoor substations: Substations layout showing the location of all
the substation equipment. Bus bar arrangements in the Sub-Stations: Simple arrangements like single
bus bar, sectionalized single bus bar, main and transfer bus bar system with relevant diagrams.
Gas insulated substations (GIS) – Advantages of Gas insulated substations, different types of gas
insulated substations, single line diagram of gas insulated substations, bus bar, construction aspects of
GIS, Installation and maintenance of GIS, Comparison of Air insulated substations and Gas insulated
substations.
UNIT-V
Economic Aspects of Power Generation and Tariff Load curve, load duration and integrated load
duration curves - Load, demand, diversity, capacity, utilization and plant use factors - Numerical
Problems. Costs of Generation and their division into Fixed, Semi-fixed and Running Costs. Desirable
Characteristics of a Tariff Method Tariff Methods: Flat Rate, Block Rate, Two-part, Three-part and
power factor, tariff methods, Numerical Problems.
COURSE SYLLABUS
GATE:
Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts, distribution systems, per-unit quantities, voltage
control, power factor correction; economic operation;
ESE:
Types of Power Stations: Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants. Economics and
operating factors, Voltage control.
LESSON PLAN:
SINO
WEEK
TOPICS TO BE COVERED COURSE
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
TEACHING
METHODS
REF
1
1
Introduction to Power
Systems
Recalling basics
of power
systems
Black Board
and Power
Point
Presentation
with Animated
- Informative
Videos
TB1 & R3
2 Unit:1-Thermal Power
Stations: Line diagram of
Thermal Power Station
(TPS)
Understand&Des
ign of TPS
TB1 & R3
3 Line diagram of Thermal
Power Station (TPS)
showing paths ofcoal,
steam, water, air, ash
and flue gasses.
Understand&Des
ign of TPS
TB1 & R3
4
2
Brief description of TPS
components:
Economizers, Boilers,
Super heaters, Turbines,
Condensers, Chimney
and cooling towers
Understand&Des
ign of TPS
TB1 & R3
5 Gas and Nuclear Power
Stations:Nuclear Power
Stations: Nuclear Fission
and Chain
reaction. - Nuclear fuels.
Recalling basics
of nuclear
reactors &
Understanding
TB1 & R3
6 Bridge Class 1/ Seminar
7
3
Principle of operation of
Nuclear reactor.-Reactor
ComponentsModerators
, Control rods, Reflectors
and Coolants.
Understand&
Analyzing
Principle of
operation of
Nuclear reactor.
TB1 & R3
8 Radiation hazards:
Shielding and Safety
precautions
Understand
Radiation
hazards
TB1 & R3
9 Types of Nuclear
reactors and brief
description of PWR,
BWR and FBR.
Understand&
Compare
TB1 & R3
10 Types of Nuclear
reactors and brief
description of PWR,
BWR and FBR.
Understand&
Compare
11 Gas Power Stations:
Principle of Operation
and
Components./MockTest
Understand Gas
Power Stations
TB1 & R3
12
4
UNIT - II Hydroelectric
Power Stations
Understand&
Compare
Black Board
and Power
Point
Presentation
with Animated
- Informative
Videos
TB1 & R3
13 Elements of hydro
electric power station-
types
Understanding
Elements of
hydro electric
power
TB1 & R3
14 Bridge Class 2/ Seminar
15 Concept of pumped
storage plants-storage
requirements
Understand
Concept of
storage
TB1 & R3
16 Mass curve estimation
of power developed
from a given catchment
area; heads and
efficiencies
Understanding &
Analyzing
efficiencies
TB1 & R3
18
5
Hydraulic Turbines:
Classification of turbines
Compare types
of turbines
TB1 & R3
19 Impulse and reaction
turbines
Compare types
of turbines
TB1 & R3
20 Pelton wheel, Francis
turbine and Kaplan
turbine
Compare types
of turbines
TB1 & R3
21 6
Proportions, work done,
efficiencies ,
hydraulicdesign - draft
Understand,
Analyzing &
Calculating
TB1 & R3
tube- theory- functions
and efficiency
Efficency
22 Proportions, work done,
efficiencies , hydraulic
design - draft tube-
theory- functions and
efficiency
Understand,
Analyzing &
Calculating
Efficency
TB1 & R3
23 Bridge Class 3 Seminar
24 UNIT - III Introduction
to D.C. Distribution
Systems
Understanding
D.C. Distribution
Systems
Black Board
Presentation
TB1 & R3
25 Classification of
Distribution Systems
Understand&
Comparison of
Distribution
Systems
TB1 & R3
26
7
Comparison of DC vs. AC
Distribution Systems
Understand&
Compare DC vs.
AC DS
TB1 & R3
27 Under-Ground vs. Over-
Head Distribution
Systems
Understand&
Compare Under-
Ground vs. Over-
Head DS
TB1 & R3
28 Under-Ground vs. Over-
Head Distribution
Systems
Understand&
Compare Under-
Ground vs. Over-
Head DS
TB1 & R3
29 Requirements and
Design features of
Distribution Systems
Design for
Distribution
Systems
TB1 & R3
30 Voltage Drop
Calculations in D.C
Distributors Radial D.C
Distributor fed one end
and at the both the
ends& Ring Main
Distributor.
Compare &
Calculating
voltage drop for
D.C Distributors
TB1 & R3
31 8 Bridge Class 4 Seminar
32 Voltage Drop
Calculations in D.C
Distributors Radial D.C
Distributor fed one end
and at the both the
ends& Ring Main
Distributor.
Compare &
Calculating
voltage drop for
D.C Distributors
TB1 & R3
33 A.C. Distribution
Systems: Voltage Drop
Calculations in A.C.
Distributors Power
Factors referred to
receiving end voltage
and with
respect to respective
load voltages.
Compare &
Calculating
voltage drop for
A.C Distributors
TB1 & R3
34 A.C. Distribution
Systems: Voltage Drop
Calculations in A.C.
Distributors Power
Factors referred to
receiving end voltage
and with
respect to respective
load voltages.
Compare &
Calculating
voltage drop for
A.C Distributors
TB1 & R3
35 A.C. Distribution
Systems: Voltage Drop
Calculations in A.C.
Distributors Power
Factors referred to
receiving end voltage
and with respect to
respective load voltages.
Compare &
Calculating
voltage drop for
A.C Distributors
TB1 & R4
36 9
A.C. Distribution
Systems: Voltage Drop
Calculations in A.C.
Distributors Power
Factors referred to
receiving end voltage
and with
respect to respective
Compare &
Calculating
voltage drop for
A.C Distributors
TB1 & R3
load voltages./Mock
Test
37 UNIT-IV Substations:
Classification of
substations
Comparision of
substations
Black Board
and Power
Point
Presentation
with Animated
- Informative
Videos
TB1 & R3
38
10
Introduction to Air
insulated substations
Understanding
Air insulated
substations
39 Indoor & Outdoor
substations: Substations
layout showing the
location of all the
substation equipment.
Compare Indoor
& Outdoor
substations
TB1 & R3
40 Bridge Class 5 / Seminar
41 Bus bar arrangements in
the Sub-Stations
Understanding
arrangement of
Bus bar
TB1 & R3
42 Simple arrangements
like single bus bar,
sectionalized single
bus bar, main and
transfer bus bar
system with relevant
diagrams
Comparing
arrangement of
Bus bar
TB1 & R4
43
Simple arrangements
like single bus bar,
sectionalized single
bus bar, main and
transfer bus bar
system with relevant
diagrams
Comparing
arrangement of
Bus bar
TB1 & R5
44
11
Introduction to Gas
insulated substations
Understanding
GIS
TB1 & R3
45 Advantages of Gas
insulated substations,
different types of gas
Understand &
Compare
TB1 & R4
insulated substations
46 single line diagram of
gas insulated
substations
Understanding
single line
diagram of GIS
TB2&R3
47 bus bar,construction
aspects of GIS
Design of GIS TB1 &R3
48
12
Installation and
maintenance of GIS
Understanding &
Design of GIS
TB1 &R4
49 Comparison of Air
insulated substations
and Gas insulated
substations.
Compare AIS &
GIS
TB1 &R3
50 Bridge Class 6 / Seminar
51 UNIT-V Introduction to
Economic Aspects of
Power Generation
Understanding
Economic
Aspects of Power
Generation
Black Board
Presentation
TB1 &R2
52 Load curve, load
duration and integrated
load duration curves
Analyzing
Economic
Aspects of Power
Generation
TB1 &R3
53
13
Load curve, load
duration and integrated
load duration curves
Analyzing
Economic
Aspects of Power
Generation
TB1 &R3
54 Load curve, load
duration and integrated
load duration curves
Analyzing
Economic
Aspects of Power
Generation
TB1 &R3
55 load, demand, diversity,
capacity, utilization and
plant use factors
Analyzing
Economic
Aspects of Power
Generation
TB2 &R3
56 load, demand, diversity,
capacity, utilization and
plant use factors
Analyzing
Economic
Aspects of Power
TB2 &R3
Generation
57 load, demand, diversity,
capacity, utilization and
plant use factors
Analyzing
Economic
Aspects of Power
Generation
TB2 &R3
58
14
Bridge Class 7 / Seminar
59 Numerical Problems Calculating
Capacity, load
demand of
Power
Generation
TB2 &R3
60 Numerical Problems Calculating
Capacity, load
demand of
Power
Generation
TB2 &R3
61 Tariff Methods: Costs of
Generation
Understanding
Tariff Methods
TB2 &R3
62 Fixed, Semi-fixed and
Running Costs. Desirable
Characteristics of a Tariff
Method
Analyzing Cost
for Tariff
Methods
TB2 &R4
63
15
Fixed, Semi-fixed and
Running Costs. Desirable
Characteristics of a Tariff
Method
Analyzing Cost
for Tariff
Methods
TB2 &R3
64 Tariff Methods: Flat
Rate, Block-Rate,
two-part, three –part
Analyzing Cost
for Tariff
Methods
TB2 &R3
65 Tariff Methods: Flat
Rate, Block-Rate,
two-part, three –part
Analyzing Cost
for Tariff
Methods
TB2 &R3
66 Power factor tariff
methods
Analyzing Power
factor for Tariff
Methods
TB2 &R3
67 Power factor tariff
methods
Analyzing Power
factor for Tariff
TB2 &R3
Methods
68
16
Bridge Class 8 / Seminar
69 Numerical Problems Calculaing Cost
of Generation
TB2 &R3
70 Numerical Problems Problem Solving TB2 &R3
71 Topics Beyond Syllabus:
Single-line diagram of AC
transmission and
distribution system
understand Black Board
and Power
Point
Presentation
TB2 &R3
72 17 revision
QUESTION BANK
DESCRIPTIVE:
UNIT–I
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Sl.No Questions Blooms
Taxonomy Level
Course
Outcome
1. Write the requirements of good coal handling
plant?
Remember
Write
CO1
2. What do you understand by the term “Boiler
Draught” ?
Understand
CO1
3. Explain the unique feature of high pressure
boilers.
Understand
Explain CO1
4. State the applications & limitations of gas
turbines.
Remember
State
CO1
5. What is a Nuclear Reactor? How nuclear reactors
are classified?
Apply
Classify
CO1
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Sl.No Questions Blooms
Taxonomy Level
Course
Outcome
1. a) What are the different types of chimneys and
discuss each type in thermal plants?
Understanding
Explain
CO1
b) Explain super heating.
2. a) Explain the function of the following in thermal
power plant and explain the principle of operation of
each:
i. Economizer ii. Electrostatic precipitator
iii. Condenser iv. Super heater v. Cooling tower
b) Discuss and compare the performance of different types of boilers used in thermal power plants.
Understanding
Explain
Applying,
Discuss
CO1,
CO2
3. a) What is the effect of series capacitor over voltage
control?
b) Explain line drop compensation.
Understanding
Explain
CO1
4. a) Mention the different sources of energy available
in India.
b) Explain the merits and demerits of pulverized fuel
_ring of boilers
Understanding
Explain
CO1
5. a) What are the various control rods used in a nuclear
reactor?
b) Describe the function of each of them.
Remember
Describe
CO1
UNIT – II
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
S.NO Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level
Course
Outcome
1. Explain Hydrograph Understanding
Explain
CO2
2. Explain Flow duration curve. Understanding
Explain
CO2
3. How do you classify hydro-electric
power plants?
Applying,
Classify
CO1
CO2
4. Justify why governor is necessary for Evaluate CO2
hydraulic turbines. Justify
5. Name the different sources of Energy in
India.
Remember Name
CO1
CO2
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
S.NO Questions Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
1. With neat diagrams, discuss about penstocks
and water hammer.
Analyze Diagram
CO2
2. A hydro-electric station operates with a mean
head of 40metres and is supplied from a
catchment area of 600 km2 over which the
average rain fall is 150 cm per annum. If 65%
of the total rainfall can be utilized, calculate
the average power that can be generated.
Assume hydraulic efficiency 80% and
electrical efficiency 90%.
Apply Calculate
1CO2
3. Explain the merits and demerits of Hydro-
Electric power plants?
Understanding
Explain
CO1
CO2
4. Write short notes on:
a) Precipitation b) Evaporation
Storage.
Remember
Write
CO2
5. With the help of neat diagram, explain what
are the following:-
a) Dam b) Spillway c) Penstock d) Tail
race e) Draft tube.
Analyze Diagram
Understanding
Explain
CO2
6. Sketch a layout of a hydraulic power plant
suitable for high heads. Label the various parts
and explain their functions
Analyze Diagram
Understanding
Explain
CO1
CO2
7. Write short notes on:-
a) Storage b) Pondage
Remember
Write
CO2
8. With a neat diagram explain the arrangement
of hydraulic power plant
Analyze Diagram
Understanding
Explain
CO2
9. A hydro-station has to operate with a mean
head of 30 meters and is supplied from a
reservoir lake at the rate of 6.93m3 per second.
Calculate the power generated in kW. Assume
density of water 1,000 kg/m3, load factor of
Apply
Calculate
CO1,
CO2
the station 80%, mechanical efficiency of
water turbine 90%, efficiency of generators
90%. Neglect head loss in pipes, penstocks etc
10. Explain hydrograph and flow duration curve
and mention their use
Understanding
Explain
CO2
11. A hydro-electric station operates under a mean
head of 30 meters. The reservoir employed
has a catchment area of 4 x 108 m2. The
average rainfall is area is 125cm per annum.
Determine the capacity of the station for
which it should be designed. Assume that 30%
of the rainfall is lost due to evaporation etc.,
5% of the head is lost in penstock, turbine
efficiency is 85%, alternator efficiency is 85%
and the load factor is 50%.
Evaluate
Determine
CO2
12. State the factors to be considered for selection
of site for hydro-electric power station?
Remember
State
CO1
CO2
UNIT–III
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
S.NO Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level Course Outcome
1. What is Distribution System? Understanding
Explain
CO3
2. Explain about Feeders. Understanding
Explain
CO3
3. Explain about Distributors &
Service Mains
Understanding
Explain
CO3
4. What is Under Ground
Distribution System?
Understanding
Explain
CO3
5. What is Over-Head Distribution
System?
Understanding
Explain
CO3
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
S.NO Questions Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
1. Explain in detail about types of DC
Distributors
Understanding
Explain
CO3
2. Explain Ring mains and list its advantages and
disadvantages
Understanding
Explain
CO3
CO4
3. A three phase ring main PQRS fed at P of 11
kV, supplies balanced loads of 50 A at 0.8
p.f lagging at Q, 120 A at unity p.f at R and
70A at 0.866 lagging at S, the
resistances being referred to the
various sections are: Section PQ =(1+j0.6)
ohm; section QR = (1.2+j0.9) ohm; Section
RS = (0.8+j0.5) ohm; Section SP = (3+j2)
ohm. Determine the currents in various
sections and station bus-bar voltages at Q,
R and S.
Apply
Calculate
CO3
CO4
4. What are the advantages of 3-wire distribution
over 2-wire distribution?
Understanding
Explain
CO3
CO4
5. In a 3-phase, 4-wire distribution system with
240 volts between lines and neutral there is a
balanced motor load of 250 kW at 0.8 power
factor. Lamp loads connected between
respective lines and neutral absorb 25, 75 and
100kW. Calculate the current in each line and
in the neutral wire of the feeder cable.
Apply
Calculate
CO3
CO4
UNIT–IV
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
S.NO Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level
Course Outcome
1. What is bus bar? Understanding Explain
CO4,CO5
2. What is GIS? Write the advantages
of GIS.
Understanding Explain
CO5
3. What is Neutral grounding? Understanding Explain
CO5,CO6
4. Explain the classification of sub-
stations.
Understanding Explain
CO6
5. What is distribution system? Understanding Explain
CO5,
CO6
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
S.NO Questions Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
1. Describe underground or isolated neutral
system. What are its dis-advantages?
Understanding Explain
CO4,
CO5
2. With suitable diagrams explain the main
and transfer bus arrangement
Analyze Diagram
Understanding
Explain
CO4,
CO5
3. a) Explain the classification of sub-stations.
b) Explain the advantages of outdoor sub-
station as compared to the indoor
substation
Understanding
Explain
CO5,
CO6
4. Explain the following with neat diagrams:
a) AC 3 phase 3 wire distribution
system
b) AC 3 phase 4 wire system
Analyze Diagram
Understanding Explain
CO5
5. Describe Arc Suppression coil grounding.
What are its advantages & disadvantages?
Understanding
Explain
CO5
6. a) Name the factors that should be taken care
of while designing and erecting a substation?
b) Compare the indoor and outdoor sub-
stations
Understanding
Explain
CO6
7. Draw the layout of a typical 11 KV / 400 V
indoor substation and explain the
equipments in detail.
Analyze Diagram
Understanding Explain
CO6
8. What are the different types of bus-bar
arrangements used in sub-stations?
Illustrate your answer with suitable
diagrams
Analyze Diagram
Understanding Explain
CO5
CO6
9. a) Explain the procedural steps that should
be adopted for designing a sub-station.
b) What are the equipments present in
typical sub-station? Explain them in detail
Understanding
Explain
CO6
UNIT – V
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Sl.
No.
Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level
Course Outcome
1. Define connected
load.
Understanding CO5
2. Define maximum
demand.
Understanding
CO5
3. Define demand factor. Understanding CO5
4. Define average load. Remembering CO5
5. Define load factor. Remembering CO5
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Sl.No Questions Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
1. What do you understand by the load curve?
What information is conveyed by a load curve?
Understanding
Explain
CO5,
CO6
2. Describe the desirable characteristics of a
tariff.
Understanding Explain
CO6
3. Describe some of the important types of tariff
commonly used.
Understanding
Explain
CO6
4. Discuss the various methods of determining the
depreciation of the equipment.
Compare
Explain
CO5
CO6
5. Write short notes on the following:
a) Two - part tariff b) Power factor tariff. c)
Three - part tariff
Understanding
Explain
CO6
OBJECTIVES-TYPE QUESTIONS:
UNIT-1
1. Which of following power plants is free from environmental problem? Answer-b a) Steam b) Hydroelectric c) Nuclear d) Diesel engine
2. Gas turbine power plants for maximum efficient may have Answer-d
a) Reheating b) Heat exchangers c) Multistage compression d) All of above
3. Which of the following plants has the maximum capital cost? Answer-b a) Diesel plants b) Nuclear plants c) Hydro-plants d) Steam plants
4. Which of following generating plants has the minimum operating cost? Answer-c a) Diesel plants b) Nuclear plants c) Hydro-plants d) Steam plants
5. Direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy is possible through. Answer-d a) Thermal converters b) Fuel or solar cell. c) MHD generator d) Both A and C.
6. _____power plants will take long period in erection and installation. 7. ______power plants can generate power at unpredictable or uncontrollable time. 8. A thermal power plant is being supplied with coal having much more ash content than that for
which it was designed. ______units needs major modifications. 9. A generating station which has a high investment cost and low operating cost is usually operated as
a ______. 10. A gas turbine power plant is best suited for ______.
UNIT-2
1. Which of the following is usually not the generating voltage ?(b)
a) 6.6 kV b) 9.9 kV c) 11kV d) 13.2 Kv
2. Boosters are basically (c)
a) Inductors b) capacitors c) transformers d) synchronous motors
3. Which of the following is not the distribution system normally used(d)
a) 3 phase-4 wire b) 3 phase-3 wire c) Single phase - 3 wire d) Single phase -4 wire.
4. Conductors for high voltage transmission lines are suspended from towers (b)
a) To reduce clearance from ground b) to increase clearance from ground
c) To reduce wind and snow loads d) to take care of extension in length during summer.
5. Transmission efficiency increases as (a)
a) voltage and power factor both increase
b) voltage and power factor both decrease
c) voltage increases but power factor decreases
d) voltage decreases but power factor increases
6. With same maximum voltage to earth, ______ac system (with p.f. 0.8) will require more copper as
compared to dc 2 wire system
7. The fact that a conductor carries more current on the surface as compared to core, is known as ______.
8. Skin effect depends on ______.
9. The skin effect of a conductor will reduce as the ______ increases.
10. In overhead transmission lines the effect of capacitance can be neglected when the length of line is
less than ______.
UNIT-3
1. Stones are provided in the substation to (d)
a) To avoid fire accident by draining oil from transformer if leaks
b) To avoid growing of weeds and plants c) To provide insulation d) All the above
2. What is the minimum phase to phase clearance required for 400kV conductors in substation(b)
a) 3500 mm b) 4200 mm c) 5000 mm d) 4500 mm
3. In substation which of the device is a carrier communication device (c)
a) CVT b) Earth conductor c) Wave trap d) Lightning arrestor
4. Which of the device is employed in substation to limit the short circuit current in the power system
(b)
a) Shunt condenser b) Reactor c) Series capacitor d) Shunt capacitor
5. Gas Insulated Substation is employed where: (a)
a) Where there is less space available b) For high altitude substations
c) In terrain region d) All the above
6. ______gas is used in gas insulated substation
7. In a substation current transformers are used to ______.
8. ______ is the maximum transmission voltage substation in India .
9. A bus coupler circuit breaker is utilized in a substation for ______.
10. In order to improve the power factor ___ device is employed in the substation.
UNIT-4
1. Isolators are used for disconnecting a circuit when: Answer-b
a) Line is energized b) Line is on full load
c) Line carries no current d) Can be operated under any condition
2. Under-voltage relay is mostly used for: Answer-a
a) Transformer protection b) Bus-bar protection
c) Motor protection d) Feeder protection
3. Earth fault relays are: Answer-b
a) Directional relay b) Non-directional relay
c) Short operate time relay d) Under voltage relay
4. Differential relays are used for the protection of equipments against: Answer-c
a) Internal faults b) Over-current c) Reverse current d) Reverse power
5. Admittance relay is: Answer-d
a) Non-directional relay b) Directional relay
c) Differential relay d) None of the above
6. The torque developed in Induction type relay is: Answer-b
a) Directly proportional to the current
b) Directly proportional to the square of the current
c) Directly proportional to square root of the current
d) Inversely proportional to the current
7. Buchholz relay is a: Answer-b
a) Oil actuating relay b) Current actuating relay
c) Gas actuating relay d) Oil temperature-actuating relay
8. The relay with inverse time characteristics will operate within: Answer-b
a) 10 msec b) 5 to 10 sec c) 10 to 20 sec d) above 25 sec
9. The operation speed of a relay depends on: Answer-a
a) Rate of flux buildup b) Armature core air gap c) Spring tension d) All the above
10. Which of the following relays has inherent directional characteristics: Answer-a
a) Mho relay b) Impedance relay c) Reactance relay d) Distance relay
UNIT-5
1. Power is transferred from system A to system B by an HVDC link as shown in the figure. If the voltages VAB and VCD are as indicated in the figure, and I>0,then: b
a) VAB<0,VCD<0,VAB>VCD b) VAB>0,VCD>0,VAB>VCD
c) VAB>0,VCD>0,VAB<VCD d) VAB>0,VCD<0
2. Consider a step voltage wave of magnitude 1pu travelling along a lossless transmission line that terminates in a reactor. The voltage magnitude across the reactor at the instant the travelling wave reaches the reactor is: b
a. -1pu b. 1pu c. 2pu d. 3pu
Consider two buses connected by an impedance of (0+j5)Ω. The bus 1
voltage is 100∠30° V, and bus 2 voltage is 100∠0° V. The real and reactive power supplied by bus 1,
respectively are”: c
a) 1000W,268Var b) -1000W,-134Var c) 276.9W,-56.7Var d) -276.9W,56.7Var
3. A three-phase, 33kV oil circuit breaker is rated 1200A, 2000MVA, 3s. The symmetrical breaking current is: d a)1200A b) 3600A c) 35kA d) 104.8Ka
4. Consider a stator winding of an alternator with an internal high-resistance ground fault. The currents under the fault condition are as shown in the figure. The winding is protected using a differential current scheme with current transformers of ratio 400/5A as shown. The current through the operating coil is: a
a) 0.17875A b) 0.2A c) 0.375A d) 60kA
5. A 50Hz synchronous generator is initially connected to a long lossless transmission line which is open circuited at the receiving end. With the field voltage held constant, the generator is disconnected from the transmission line. Which of the following may be said about the steady state terminal voltage and field current of the generator? c
a) the magnitude of terminal voltage decreases and the field current does not change
b) the magnitude of terminal voltage increases and the field current does not change
c) the magnitude of terminal voltage increases and the field current increases
d) the magnitude of terminal voltage does not change and the field current decreases
6. Consider a three-phase, 50Hz, 11kV distribution system. Each of the conductors is suspended by an insulator string having two identical porcelain insulators. The self-capacitance of the insulator is 5 times the shunt capacitance between the link and the ground, as shown in the figure. The voltage across the two insulators is: d
a) e1=3.74kV,e2=2.61kV b) e1=3.46kV,e2=2.89kV
c) e1=6.0kV,e2=4.23kV d) e1=5.5kV,e2=5.5kV
7. Consider a three-core, three-phase, 50Hz, 11kV cable whose conductors are denoted as R, Y and B in the figure. The inter-phase capacitance(C1) between each pair of conductors is 0.2μF and the capacitance between each line conductor and the sheath is 0.4μF.The per-phase charging current is: c
a) 2.0A b) 2.4A c) 2.7A d) 3.5A
8. For the power system shown in the figure below, the specifications of the components are the following: G1: 25kV, 100MVA, X=9% G2: 25'kV, 100MVA, X=9%
T1: 25kV/220kV, 90MVA, X=12% T2: 220kV/25kV, 90MVA, X=12%
Line1: 220kV, X=150 ohms.
Choose 25kV as the base voltage at the generator G1 and 200MVA as the MVA base. The impedance
diagram is.....Options a, b, c, d are given below: b
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
10. For enhancing the power transmission in a long EHV transmission line, the most preferred method is
to connect: c
a) Series inductive compensator in the line
b) Shunt inductive compensator at the receiving end
c) Series capacitive compensator in the line
d) Shunt capacitive compensator at the sending end
WEBSITE ADDRESSES:
1. http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm 2. http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/home/index.aspx 3. http://cesac.howard.edu/ 4. http://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/power_systems 5. http://research.universityofcalifornia.edu/stories/2012/02/smarter-power.html 6. http://www.powersystem.iitm.ac.in/index.html 7. http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~peps/ 8. http://nptel.iitk.ac.in/Elec_Engg/IIT%20Kanpur/Power%20Systems%20Analysis.htm 9. http://www.iitk.ac.in/ee/Research_labs/Power_System/Power_System.html 10. http://freevideolectures.com/Course/2352/Power-System-Generation-Transmission-and Distribution
JOURNALS (NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL):
1. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research/ 2. http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijeeps 3. http://www.researchgate.net/journal/0378-7796_Electric_Power_Systems_Research 4. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?reload=true&punumber=59 5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03787796 6. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-electrical-power-and-energy-
TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINORS:
1. Nuclear power generation in India 2. Gas Power generation in India 3. Thermal Power generation in India 4. AC Distribution system in India 5. Power Generation Tariffs in India.
CASE STUDIES/SMALL PROJECTS:
1. Hydroelectric power station model 2. Thermal Power generation model 3. Gas Power generation model 4. AC Distribution system model 5. Preparation of Power Generation Tariffs
LIST OF JOURNALS:
1. Renewable Energy: An International Journal
URL:http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy
2. Journals in Green and Renewable Energy
URL:http://www.springer.com/energy/renewable+and+green+energy?SGWID=0-1721214-12-
812104-0
3. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-and-sustainable-energy-reviews
4. Energy Procedia
URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-procedia
5. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
URL: http://solarenergyengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/journal.aspx
6. Geothermal Energy Journal
URL: http://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/
7. Wind Energy Journal
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1824
8. Biomass and Bioenergy
URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biomass-and-bioenergy
9. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5165391
10. International Journal of Marine Energy
URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-marine-energy
11. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy
URL: http://www.springer.com/engineering/civil+engineering/journal/40722
12. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
URL:http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-electrical-power-and-energy-systems/
13. IEEE Power Engineering Journal
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2224
14. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
URL: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jrse
15. Energy Economics Journal
URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-economics
16. IET Renewable Power Generation
URL: http://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-rpg
WEBSITES:
1. Renewable Energy News & Information
URL: http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/index.html
2. Renewable Energy Focus
URL: http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/
3. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA)
URL: http://www.ireda.gov.in/
4. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India.
URL: http://www.mnre.gov.in/
5. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
URL: http://www.nrel.gov/
6. Solar Energy Society of India
URL: http://www.sesi.in/
7. U.S. Department of Energy
URL: http://www.energy.gov/
8. American Wind Energy Association
URL: http://www.awea.org/
9. International Renewable Energy Agency
URL: http://www.irena.org/home/index.aspx?PriMenuID=12&mnu=Pri
10. European Biomass Industry Association
URL: http://www.eubia.org/
11. Ocean Energy Europe
URL: http://www.oceanenergy-europe.eu/
12. Geothermal Energy Association
URL: http://www.geo-energy.org/
13. Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centers
URL: http://www.eurec.be/en/
14. Energy Labs Inc.
URL: https://www.energylabs.com/web2/index.html
15. Alternative Energy
URL: http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/
EXPERT DETAILS:
1. Prof. M. B. Srinivas
Renewable Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad
2. Dr. Chetan Singh Solanki
Solar Energy Systems, Department of Energy Science and Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India.
3. Dr. Santanu Bandyopadhyay
Renewable Energy Systems, Department of Energy Science and Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India.
4. Dr. Krishna Vasudevan
Wind and Photovoltaic Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.
5. Dr. Abdus Samad
Wave Energy Systems, Department of Oceanic Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.
6. Prof. M. P. Sharma
Biomass Energy, Alternative Hydro Energy Centre,
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
7. Dr. S. K. Singal
Small Hydro Power Plants, Alternative Hydro Energy Centre,
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
8. Dr. Kalyan Kumar B
Wind Energy Generators, Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.
9. Dr. Priyanka Kaushal
Biomass Energy System Modelling, Department of Energy & Environment
The Energy Research Institute (TERI School of Advanced Studies), Delhi, India.
10. Dr. Kalyan Kumar B
Wind Energy Generators, Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.
LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:
1. Solar cell / Photovoltaic Cell
2. Solar water heater
3. PV sun-tracking systems
4. Solar cooker
5. Renewable ocean energy conversion systems
6. Small & micro wind & hydel turbines
7. Hybrid systems (Wind-Solar)
8. Renewable technologies for on-grid electricity generation
9. Wind Grabber - vertical axis - ducted type wind turbine system
10. Renewable conversion technologies
11. Renewable energy (RE) potential and status in India
12. Solar roads
13. Analysis of solar thermal power generation
14. Wind tower
15. Solar thermal energy collectors
16. Wind generator driven doubly fed IG
17. Solar cooling
18. Photovoltaics and other innovative solar systems
19. Wind and solar power forecast for grid operation
20. Integration of renewable energy devices
21. Floating platforms for offshore wind systems
22. Impacts of renewables on energy systems
23. Tidal turbine technology
24. Technical impacts on energy system
25. Development of renewable electricity generation
26. Wind blade repair
27. Oceanic energy systems and their modelling
28. Geothermal energy potential and its applications
CASE STUDIES
1. Case Studies for Renewable Energy Systems in Hospitality Sector in India.
URL:http://www.teriin.org/ResUpdate/Hospitality_Case_Studies.pdf
2. Sustainable biomass power for rural India: Case study of biomass gasifier for village
electrification.
URL:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237263887_Sustainable_biomass_power_for_rural_In
dia_Case_study_of_biomass_gasifier_for_village_electrification
3. Case studies of successful decentralized renewable energy projects that have not only ensure
energy access but also improved livelihoods of people.
URL:http://www.vasudha-foundation.org/wp
content/uploads/10)%20Reader%20Friendly%20Paper%20for%20USO_Case%20studies%20of%20s
uccessful%20decentralised%20RE%20Projects%20for%20energy%20access%20in%20India.pdf
4. Grid integration of wind power: A case study of Tamil Nadu
URL:https://www.academia.edu/183182/Grid_Integration_of_Wind_Power_A_Case_Study_of_Tami
l_Nadu
5. Case study of India’s accelerated depreciation policy for wind energy
URL:https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/india-accelerated-depreciation-policy-wind-
energy-case-study.pdf
SMALL PROJECTS
1. Develop a regression based Matlab code for estimating solar radiation.
2. Estimate power curve of a wind turbine.
3. Design and develop a standalone model for analyzing the characteristics of a PV Module.
4. Implementation of a standalone solar power generating unit.
5. Design of a solar thermal energy system for various applications.
6. Design and fabricate a horizontal and vertical axis wind energy system.
7. Modelling and implementation of ducted type wind turbine system.
8. Simulation models of solar power plant and wind energy power plant.
9. Mathematical analysis of biogas production using different feedstock.
10. Design of oceanic energy system using buoy and other floating type energy harvesters.
11. Design of a biogas digester for utilizing the kitchen waste as a fuel for cooking.
12. A brief study on the geothermal energy applications.
13. Modelling of a hybrid renewable energy system.
14. Development of a pumped storage system.
15. Design and construction of a mini-hydel power plant.